Hebei Spirit Case Study

2011 WMU 窶的MO Conference on OilOil-Spill Risk Management

9 March 2011

Woo--Rack SUH Woo

Senior manager, Response Division (KOEM, Korea Marine Environment Management Corp.)

Contents

Ⅰ. Incident Outline Ⅱ. Response Operations Ⅲ. Problems Raised Ⅳ. Improvements made after the Spill

Collision Area

When : ’07. 12. 7, 07:06 hrs Where : 10km off Taean, Mallipo Taean

How

West Coast of Korea

Crane carrying Barge (11,800GTW) (11 800GTW) collided with a Tanker (Hong Kong T Taean

registered) g ) Hebei Spirit(146,848 p ( , GTW)

Spillage Amounts Spilled 12,547 ㎘ Weather : NW 1414-16m/s, Wave 33-4m, Warning for High Wave

※ Amounts of oils left in the ship: 302 000 ㎘ 302,000

Spillage (port side )

No.1 Tank : 30 x 3cm No.3 Tank : 160 x 10cm No.5 Tank : 200 x 160cm

Single hull tanker (Built in 1993 )

Spreading of spilt oil at early stage Garolim-Bay

Satellite Image (11th Dec 2007)

Power Plant

Collision Area

Mallipo

Geunso-Bay

Cheonsu-Bay

Spread over 70km off the Taean coast

♦

Heavily oiled shoreline : 70 km

♦ Islands polluted by oils and tars : 101 ♦ Aquaculture : 340 km2, Household affected: 39,800 ♦ Fisheries Industry Industry, Tours and Leisure Leisure, etc etc.

♦

Estimated Economic Loss : 288~306Million Pounds (IOPC Funds Source/2010)

Nightmare

Nightmare

II. Response Operations Garirun Bay

Geunso Bay Chonsu Bay

Response Strategy Hard to deploy oil boom and skimmer owing to bad weather condition ою Strong S wind i d & hi high h wave were biggest obstacles

Protection of Environmentally Sensitive Areas was a top priority ою Most Sensitive Areas ( i hi (Fishing ffarms, Marshes, h Power Plant) l ) were protected by oil booms of 3-5 fold.

Dispersants was used to prevent oil-spreading over the off-sea

Initial Response Actions Oil Boom Deployed near the Tanker - OSRVs arrived at the tanker in 4 hours - 800 m Oil booms were deployed, but destroyed immediately

Patching g the p punctures of the tanker - At early stage, the patching was failure by not accessible to the tanker under bad sea condition - Majority of the oil escaped for 4 ~ 5hours at the beginning

Oil Transferring operation from the damaged tanks to Another Tanks - Coast Guard staffs arrived on board by y aircraft and took appropriate early actions

Response Actions at Sea Daily aerial surveillance had been carried out for the monitoring of oil spreading status for offshore response.

Dispersants were used based upon those aerial surveillances. surveillances As the oil was emulsified and harden, operations were focus on the removal of tar tar--shaped oil using response vessels, fishing boats, skimmers,, nets and etc.

‹ Oil affected to the land 70km of shoreline and 101 islands were heavily polluted ‹ Relevant government arranged response activities - Normal beaches: volunteers - Dangerous areas (islands and cliffs): police, army, response agency Thick oil were collected by hands with buckets Shoreline equipment like beach cleaner and small skimmers were utilized in collecting g thick oil on the sand beach

Subdivided Section Area Code

Geplogic Pollutio al n Indicati Pollutio Extent Zone on n Number

Rate

Type

ID

Type

ID

Sand

S

TTP

T

Rock

R

Stones

St

Pebble

G

Small stones

Cb

Tidal Flat

M

Seaweeds

Wd

Sea Wall

P

S Seashells h ll

Sh

Pollution Status

ID

Level3 - Bulky oil on shoreline

1

amount of oil on shoreline Level2 -- Some Oil penetrated on ground

2

amount of oil on shoreline Level1 -Small -Tar penetrated on ground

3

Assessment and Operations Plan(Example) Area - A

Operations Plan to be considered - High pressure cleaning on breakwater areas - Sand Swap on beaches

Response p Materials supported pp ¾ Absorbent : ·Japan(10ton, free), China, aircraft from OSR

Experts p Visiting g and technical advise ( (27 experts) p ) ¾ USA(4), JAPAN(7), UN-EC(10), CANADA(6)

UN joint-surveyors Interview Reporter p : Surveyor y Team Commander UNEP, EC, OCNA, UNDP, USCG, NOAA, JCG ► Moved by such large no. of volunteers involved & P Prompt t operations ti off Government G t ► Dispersants used based on the International standards. ► Cleanup operations were took place professionally.

1.

Insufficient Initial Response Actions

他

It was not able to implement immediate patching operations p against g p punctures of the tanker

他

It was not carried out to take earlier oil transferring operation of the tanker

2. 他

Ineffective Command Control System On--scene Command post HQ in Coast Guard and On Central HQ in Ministry (2 HQs)

3. Lack of Effective Management for Volunteers 他

Sudden huge no. of volunteers gathered as the incident reported via media

他

There were no regulations ready for volunteers management and problem of training, safety, material distribution raised.

他

It was settled ttl d as system t off registration, i t ti guidance id and d other th volunteers managements provided by local authorities

4. Endpoint and compensation Issues caused conflicts 他

Disputes were made between experts and local peoples (experts prefer natural cleanup while local peoples want more complete cleanup)

5. Issues related to Response Techniques 他

Failed to predict the spreading direction of spilt oil?

他

Appropriate use of dispersants?

他

Excessive shoreline cleanup?

IV. Improvements after the spill

Prevention System reinforcement Appropriate Role Sharing in VTS control Coast Areas VTS : Coast Guard, Port VTS : Ministry (Joint with Coast Guards)

Earlier Phasing out of Single Hull Tanker Timeline of Single hull prohibited : 2015→ 2015→2010

Unified Command System (Role of Each body) Korea Coast Guard – Commander and Controller in Response Ministry – Environment Restoration Local government – In chare of Shoreline Cleanup, Volunteers management

IV. Improvements after the spill

Amendment of NCP and Regional Action Plan More Practical Manual for Large oil spill incident Detailed Role of Each Government Body Management of Volunteers and System of Emergency Resource Deployment Preparedness of HNS Incidents

Revised National Response Function and Capability Restructure of Oil Spill Response - 3 National Strike Teams were established

Building up Big Response Vessels - G/T3000 Multi Multi--purpose vessels

Response Stockpile – 3 areas

Marine Environment Research & Training Institute o Opening Ceremony took place on 25 Nov. 2010 - Structure : Classrooms, auditorium, artificial shoreline & Pool, accommodations

Artificial Shoreline & oo Pool

Accommodations

Opening Ceremony (11Nov 2010)

Thank you! y For more information or discussion, please contact suhwoorack@naver.com Tel : +82 2 3498 8603 MP : +82 10 3100 6756