Madhya Pradesh State Brief

Madhya Pradesh Indicators at a Glance

MADHYA PRADESH

ALL INDIA

POPULATION 1991

2001

2011

2011

Total population (million)

49

60

73

1211

Urban share (%)

25

26

28

31

Share of adults (% age 15+)

62

63

68

70

Child sex ratio (age 0-6)

941

932

918

919

1994

2005

2012

2012

POVERTY & INEQUALITY Poor (million) Poverty rate (%)

Gini coefficient

23

32

24

270

All

45

49

32

22

Rural

49

54

36

25

Urban

32

35

21

14

0.28

0.30

0.31

0.32

1994

2005

2012

2012

13,642

17,376

26,134

42,647

Agriculture

40

28

23

14

Industry

25

27

29

28

Services

36

45

47

57

All

INCOME & GROWTH Real GSDP per capita (2005 rupees) By sector (%)

Annual growth rate of real GSDP per capita (%)

1994 to 2005

2005 to 2012

2005 to 2012

2.2

6.0

6.7

JOBS Labor force participation rate (%)

Workers by sector (%)

Workers by wage-type (%)

1

May 20, 2016

1994

2005

2012

2012

All

69

68

57

56

Male

87

86

81

80

Female

50

49

31

31

Agriculture

75

69

59

49

Industry

10

13

21

24

Services

15

18

20

27

Self-Employed

58

58

58

52

Salaried

11

11

11

18

Casual Wage

31

31

31

30

Madhya Pradesh Indicators at a Glance

MADHYA PRADESH

ALL INDIA

HEALTH 2001

2006

2013

2013

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)

407

335

221

167

Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

86

74

54

40

Stunting (% age 0-5)

—

50*

42~

39~

1994

2005

2012

2012

Literate (% adults)

43

54

67

70

Secondary education and above (% adults)

14

18

26

32

INFRASTRUCTURE & AMENITIES Power

1994

2005

2012

2012

All

59

76

87

80

Rural

48

69

83

73

Urban

89

96

98

96

2008

2012

2012

All

26

34

56

Rural

15

19

46

Urban

59

71

77

All

70

61

44

Rural

85

79

60

Urban

24

14

9

Connectivity

2005

2012

2012

Road density - km. per million people

2,530

2,729

3,231

Road density - km. per 1,000 sq. km.

532

653

1,206

2012

2013

2014

2014

Debt to GSDP ratio (%)

21

21

21

51

Fiscal Deficit (% of GSDP)

1.9

2.6

2.7

4.4

Real GSDP growth rate (%)

8.5

8.7

9.5

6.9

EDUCATION

Electrification (% households)

Water and sanitation Drinking water on premises (% households)

Open defecation (% households)

RECENT GROWTH AND FISCAL PERFORMANCE

* NFHS III, ~ RSOC

2

May 20, 2016

Madhya Pradesh Poverty, Growth & Inequality

Madhya Pradesh is the 5th most populous state in India and home to 73 million people. Poverty in Madhya Pradesh was similar to the national average in 1994, but since then poverty reduction has lagged the rest of the country. Consumption inequality has increased marginally during this period. The state today has high levels of poverty, especially in the eastern and southern districts, and is home to 24 million poor. Growth is lower than in other states, and is driven mainly by industry and services.

Poverty in Madhya Pradesh is among the highest in the country Population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 50

40

40 37

37

35

34

33

32

32 29

30

22

22

21

20

20

19

17

17

15

15 12

12

10

11

11

11

10

9

9

8

8

8 5

0 CG JH MN AR BH OD AS MP UP AI MZ KA WB NL MH GJ TR RJ MG TN UK HR JK DL AP SK

PJ

KL HP GA

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Eastern and southern districts of Madhya Pradesh have very high poverty District level poverty, 2012 Patna ★ Bhopal

Population below the poverty line, 2012 (%)

N N

1

May 20, 2016

4-15 0.6-5.2 15-25 5.3-13.2 25-38 13.3-17.2 38-49 17.3-22.6 49-77 22.7-62.8

Madhya Pradesh Poverty, Growth & Inequality

Poverty reduction in Madhya Pradesh has lagged the rest of the country Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MN JH BH OD AR AS CG KA MH UP AI TN AP MP WB RJ

● 1994

● 2005

GJ MG HR HP UK TR SK KL JK

PJ

GA NL DL MZ

● 2012

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Poverty in Madhya Pradesh increased during 1994-2005, but has declined steadily since then Population below poverty line, (%) 70

60

50

54

Rural Total

40

30

49 49 45 36 35

Urban 32

32

20

21

10

0 1994

2

May 20, 2016

2005

2012

Madhya Pradesh Poverty, Growth & Inequality 0

10

20

30

Annual decline in poverty rate, 2005 - 2012 (%)

-1

40

50

60

70

80

High poverty, declining slowly

AS

Growth in Madhya Pradesh has lagged other states -3 JH

Annual growth 2005- 2012 - 2012 Annual growthrate, rate, 2005 (%) (%)

11

CG

-5

9 8 7 6

WB

-9

All India

GJ HR

-11 KL PJ RJ

BH -13

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low Income States are highlighted in orange.

Low poverty, UP declining fast

GJ

AP MH RJ

MH

KL HP

TN

HR

Interpreting the graph

KA

OD CGHP MP

-17 Lagging

4

BH

Leading OD TN

-15

5

MP

KA

-7

Improving

10

UP

UK

UK

Improvement from 2005 to 2012

12

PJ

WB AP

JH AS

Weakening

3 2

0

Leading High income, high growth

Lagging Low income, low growth

Weakening High income, low growth

Standard of living, 2005

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000

per capita, (2005 RealReal GSDPGSDP per capita, (2005 Rupees)

Improving Low income, high growth

Rupees) All India

Madhya Pradesh’s growth is driven by industry and services Annual growth rate, (%)

Components of GSDP growth rate, (%) 15 15

15 15

12 12 10 10

9

6 5

9

0 20052005 20062006 2007 2008 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012 2007 2008

■ Madhya Pradesh GSDP

■ All India GDP

0

6

3

0

May 20, 2016

3.9

5.5 4.2 4.2

2.1

4.5

3.4

0.3

1.9

0.7

-1.4

1.7

1.6

2.1

1.3 2.2

2.1

2.1 0.1

3.0

-0.4

-5 -5 20052005200620062007 20072008 200820092009201020102011201120122012

■ Services

3

5.3

4.1

5 3

0

4.7

■ Industry

■ Agriculture

Madhya Pradesh Poverty, Growth & Inequality

Poverty reduction in Madhya Pradesh slower than in other states Poverty rate, 2005

Annual decline in poverty rate, 2012 Annual decline in poverty rate,2005 2005 --2012 (%)(%)

0

10

20

30

-1

40

50

60

70

80

High poverty, declining slowly

AS

-3

JH CG UP

-5

MP

KA

-7

WB

-9

BH

All India

OD

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low Income States are highlighted in orange.

GJ HR

-11

RJ KL PJ

-13

TN

HP

-15

Low poverty, declining fast

MH

UK AP

-17

Madhya Pradesh is among the Low Income States where a disproportionate share of India’s poor live bubble size: number of poor (millions)

UP

20

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low Income States are highlighted in yellow.

BH

15

What % of India’s poor lives in this state?

Stateshare share in poor, 20122012 (%) (%) State in India’s India’s poor,

25

MP

10

MH

JH

5

OD

HP

0

WB

RJ

CG GJ

AS

0

KA

HR KL UK PJ

5

TN

AP

10

15

20

State sharein inIndia’s India’s population, 20122012 (%) (%) State share population,

4

May 20, 2016

25

Interpreting the graph Share of poor > share of population

e ar Sh

or po of

e ar sh

of

n io at ul p po

=

Share of poor < share of population

What % of India’s population lives in this state?

Madhya Pradesh Poverty, Growth & Inequality

Consumption inequality has increased marginally in Madhya Pradesh, mainly in urban areas Gini coefficient 0.4

0.3

0.37 0.37

0.28

0.30

0.31

0.30 0.27

0.25

0.27

0.2

0.1

0.0 Total

Rural

■ 1994

■ 2005

Urban

■ 2012

Madhya Pradesh’s consumption inequality is higher than other Low Income states but below the national average Gini coefficient, 2012 0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1 KL DL KA MH AR TN AI HR WB MP CG UP

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

5

May 20, 2016

PJ

HP GA UK AP GJ MZ OD JK JH RJ AS TR NL BH SK MG MN

Madhya Pradesh Jobs

People in Madhya Pradesh are increasingly moving off the farm and into other kinds of work such as construction. Growth in non-farm jobs has been positive after 2005 but lower than in other Low-Income states. The overall job creation in the state lags behind the expansion of the working age population that is not in school. What’s more, more than half the population is still on the farm, and there are very few salaried jobs. For women, there are even fewer jobs and many have dropped out of the labor force.

Non-farm employment is rising in Madhya Pradesh, but more than half of the workforce is still on the farm Employment share by sector, (%) 100

25

31

41

80 75

■ Non-farm

69

60

59

■ Farm

40

20

0 1994

2005

2012

Madhya Pradesh’s non-farm employment share is among the lowest in the country Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100

80

100

96

74

73 65

60

64

61

61

58

57

51

51

40

51

51

50

50

50

48

47

45

44

44

43

42

41

40

38

38

32

27

20

0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

1

May 20, 2016

Madhya Pradesh Jobs

Jobs grew in Madhya Pradesh after 2005 , but growth was lower than in other Low Income States Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn)

Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)

WB UP RJ MH CG BH OD AP DL MP GJ TN

WB

1.8

UP

0.8

RJ

1.1

MH

0.5

CG

1.6

BH

0.5

OD

0.7

AP

0.3

DL

2.2

MP

0.4

GJ

0.3

TN

0.2

PJ

PJ

0.5

TR HP SK MG GA MZ MN AR AS KL JH HR NL UK KA

TR

4.4

-1

0

1

2

3

4

HP

1.3

SK

3.9

MG

0.7

GA

1.3

MZ

1.1

MN

0.1

AR

-0.1

AS

0.0

KL

-0.1

JH

-0.2

HR

-0.3

NL

-3.6

UK

-1.0

KA

-0.5

5

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Construction led job growth in Madhya Pradesh after 2005 Number of jobs, (mn)

Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)

FARM

FARM

-2

CONS

CONS

17

THR

THR

2

MANU

-1

PUB

1

TRAN

7

FIRB

7

MINE+UTIL

-3

MANU PUB TRAN FIRB MINE+UTIL

0

2

5

10

■ 2005 May 20, 2016

15

■ 2012

20

Madhya Pradesh Jobs

No change in the types of jobs in Madhya Pradesh after 2005 Employment by wage type, (%) 100

31

31

80

Wage Labor

60

11

11

58

58

40 Self Employed

20

0 2005

■ Casual Wage

2012

■ Salaried

■ Self Employed

Share of salaried jobs in Madhya Pradesh is among the lowest in the country Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63

60

60

50 40 30

28

27

26

25

24

24

23

22

22

22

20 10

21

19

18

18

18

18

17

17

14

14

13

13

11

11

11

10

10 6

0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

3

May 20, 2016

Madhya Pradesh Jobs

Not enough jobs in Madhya Pradesh for the size of the working age population not in school, especially for females Million 50

Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%) 50

â&#x2013; 2005 40

+6.6

â&#x2013; 2012

Working age population not in school

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

+0.7

2.3

0.4

All Workers +2.9

2.1

Male Workers -2.2 -3.7

Female Workers 0

0 Working age population not in school

All Workers

Male Workers

Female Workers

-5

-4

-3-5

-2-4

-1 -3

0-2

1 -1

20

31

Sharp decline in female labor force participation in Madhya Pradesh after 2005 Labor force participation rate, (%) 100

90

88

83

80 79

60

59

81 75 57

Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female

36

40

20

23

23 17

0 1993-94

4

May 20, 2016

2004-05

2011-12

Urban Female

42

53

4

Madhya Pradesh Gender

Madhya Pradesh has made mixed progress on gender. Child sex ratio is deteriorating. Maternal mortality is high, but has seen improvement. Nearly one in every two adult females is illiterate.

There has been a sharp decline in female labor force participation after 2005 and only one-third of the adult women are in the labor force today. On a positive note, gender gaps in elementary schools have been eliminated and, although fewer women work they have the same types of jobs as men.

Child sex ratio in Madhya Pradesh is close to the national average Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969

964 962

957 957 956

950

948 948

943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918

900

909

902

894 890 890 888 871

862 846

850

834

800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Child sex ratio is deteriorating in Madhya Pradesh Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000

950

941

932 918

900

850

800 1991

1

May 20, 2016

2001

2011

PJ HR

Madhya Pradesh Gender

Maternal mortality ratio in Madhya Pradesh is improving Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 400

379

300

269 221

200

100

0 2003

2009

2013

Maternal mortality ratio in Madhya Pradesh is higher than the national average Maternal mortality ratio, 2013 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300

285 285

300

244 208 208

221 221 222

200 167

112 113

100 61

68

79

127 133

141

92

0 KL MH TN AP GJ WB HR KA PJ

AI BH JH MP CG OD RJ UP UK AS

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low income states are highlighted in orange and AI is All India.

2

May 20, 2016

Madhya Pradesh Gender

Secondary education attainment among adult females in Madhya Pradesh is among the lowest in the country Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60

57 52

50

46

43

40

41

38

38

35

34

34

33

31

30

30

28

28

26

26

26

26 22

20

21

21

20

20

20 16

16

16

15

14

10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI

GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

High gender disparity in education attainment among adults in Madhya Pradesh, rural women lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 50 45

Rural Females

40

53

31

30

24

12

11

27 23

23

20

19

20

Urban Females

13

10

25

20

20

40

14

41

0

Males

■ Illiterate

3

Females

■ Literate or primary school completed

May 20, 2016

0

■ Middle school completed

60

80

100

■ Secondary school or higher completed

Madhya Pradesh Gender

Gender gaps have been eliminated at elementary school level in Madhya Pradesh Enrolled in education institutes, (%)

2005 11

3

21-23

8

Female

Male

15-17

13

27

14

18-20

Age

14

58

44

13

84

71

12-14

100

3

80

77

6-8

12

92

80

9-11

80

60

40

20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Enrolled in education institutes, (%)

2012 12

21-23

21

9

Female

Male 28

18-20 15-17

15 75

Age

71

4

12-14

94

94

0

9-11

95

95

0

100

May 20, 2016

89

89

6-8

4

43

80

60

40

20

0

20

40

60

80

0 100

Madhya Pradesh Gender

Female labor force participation is low in Madhya Pradesh but equal to the national average Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63

60

63 55

55 49

50

47 43

40

41

40

38

38

37

37

36

33

30

33

32

32

31

31

30

27

25

25

25

24 19

20

17

15 9

10 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ

PJ

JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Female labor force participation in Madhya Pradesh has dropped sharply after 2005 Labor force participation rate, (%) 100

90

88

83

80 79

60

59

81 75 57

Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female

36

40

20

23

23 17

0 1993-94

5

May 20, 2016

2004-05

2011-12

Urban Female

Madhya Pradesh Gender

Farming is the main activity for males and females in rural Madhya Pradesh Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males

Rural Females

15

3

5

11

7

11 69

■ Farm - All

80

■ Non-farm Self Employed

■ Non-farm Salaried

■ Non-farm Casual Wage

When urban women work, they have similar types of jobs as urban men in Madhya Pradesh Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males

15

Urban Females

7

10

17

35 35

■ Farm - All

6

May 20, 2016

41

■ Non-farm Self Employed

40

■ Non-farm Salaried

■ Non-farm Casual Wage

Madhya Pradesh Social Inclusion

There is uneven progress across social groups in Madhya Pradesh. Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in particular have very high poverty levels. In addition, they lag behind in schooling and access to salaried jobs. Apart from households that belong to the General category, there is high open defecation and poor access to drinking water for most households in Madhya Pradesh.

Scheduled Tribes are the worst off.

Higher levels of poverty among Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Madhya Pradesh Population below poverty line, (%) 77

80

Households by Social Group, 2012 (%) All India Madhya Pradesh Scheduled Tribe

9

23

Scheduled Caste

19

18

Other Backward Caste

43

41

General

29

18

Pace of poverty reduction

70 62

60

53 -5% per year

50

45

40 -6% per year

40 30

24 -9% per year 19

20

17 -2% per year

10 0 2005

■ Scheduled Tribe

2012

■ Scheduled Caste

■ Other Backward Caste

■ General

Poverty of Scheduled Tribes in Madhya Pradesh is higher than in most other states ST population below the poverty line, 2012 (%) 70 60

63 56

54

53

50

51

50

49 43

40

43

40

39

36

30 20 10

33

32

31

26

26

25

23

20

19

15

13

13

9

9

8

0

0 OD BH MH MP CG JH WB AI MN RJ KL GJ AR AS KA TN UP TR AP MZ NL JK UK MG HP HR SK

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

1

6

May 20, 2016

0

PJ GA DL

Madhya Pradesh Social Inclusion

Stark contrast in educational attainment across social groups in Madhya Pradesh Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 50

Scheduled Tribe

27

41

Scheduled Caste

27

32

Other Backward Caste

15

General 0

20

■ Illiterate

17

27

18

12

10

15

18

24

15

53

40

60

80

100

■ Literate or primary school completed

■ Middle school completed

■ Secondary school or higher completed

Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes in Madhya Pradesh have more casual wage jobs compared to other social groups Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe

45

49

Scheduled Caste

47

43

10

6

■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried

Other Backward Caste

General

■ Self-employed

11 25 24 10

2

May 20, 2016

65

65

Madhya Pradesh Social Inclusion

Open defecation in Madhya Pradesh is high for most social groups, is highest for Scheduled Tribes Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100 82

80 69

60

74

61

59

61 48

44

40 25

20

21

0 All

Scheduled Tribe

Scheduled Caste

■ Madhya Pradesh

Other Backward Caste

General

■ All India

Households in Madhya Pradesh have poor access to drinking water, except for those in the General category Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 80 66

60

69

58

56 44

40

34

33 27 22

20

16

0 All

Scheduled Tribe

Scheduled Caste

■ Madhya Pradesh

3

May 20, 2016

Other Backward Caste

■ All India

General

Madhya Pradesh Health and Education

Madhya Pradesh has a lot of ground to cover on health and education. Infant mortality rate is the highest in the country despite improvement. Malnutrition and open defecation rates are high even among the rich. Most adults have only a few years of schooling. There are however gains in schooling for the young. Enrollment in public schools is high for a majority of them. While improvements in schooling for the younger generation are a bright spot, better learning outcomes have not followed.

Infant mortality rate is declining in Madhya Pradesh Infant mortality rate Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 90 80

79

74

70 60

57

54

52

50

37

40 30 20 10

â&#x2013; 2006

0 Total

Rural

â&#x2013; 2013

Urban

Madhya Pradesh has the highest infant mortality rate in India Infant mortality rate, 2013 Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60

80

50

60

40

40

30

20 18

20 10

9

10

21

22

24

31 24

26

31

32

32

35

35

36

37

37

39

40

41

42

46

47

47

50

51

54

54

26

0

12

Total

Rural

Urban

0 GA MN KL NL TN SK MH DL

PJ

TR KA WB AR UK HP MZ GJ

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

1

May 20, 2016

JK JH AP AI HR BH CG MG RJ UP OD AS MP

Madhya Pradesh Health and Education

Malnutrition in Madhya Pradesh is amongst the highest in the country Stunting in children <5 years, 2014 (%) 50

47

40

30

20

27

19

21

28

28

29

29

32

33

34

34

34

35

35

35

36

37

38

39

41

42

42

43

49

50

43

31

31

PJ

TR JK MN UK HP KA WB AP MH RJ HR OD AI AS MP GJ MG CG JH BH UP

23

10

0 KL GA TN MZ SK AR DL NL

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Malnutrition is high across most income groups in Madhya Pradesh Stunting in children <5 years, 2006 (%) 70 60

60 50

55 50

51

48

54 50

49 44

41

40 30

30

25

20 10 0

All

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

■ Madhya Pradesh Latest stunting data by wealth class available for 2006.

2

May 20, 2016

Quintile 3

■ All India

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

Madhya Pradesh Health and Education

Open defecation in Madhya Pradesh is higher than most states Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100

80 68 58

60

40

34

30

20

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

2

4

7

12

16

16

16

17

35

35

39

42

44

61

Households practicing open defecation, 2012(%) 22

28

42

74

85

80

78 72

60

61

58

40

26

20

0 All

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

■ Access and use of latrine

3

May 20, 2016

61

JK AP TN AI KA RJ MP UP BH CG OD JH

Open defecation is high among richer households too in Madhya Pradesh

15

74

45

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

39

73

22

NL DL SK MZ MN TR KL MG GA AS AR PJ UK HR HP WB MH GJ

100

68

Quintile 3

Quintile 4

■ Open defecation

Quintile 5

Madhya Pradesh Health and Education

Secondary school attainment among adults in Madhya Pradesh is lower than in most other states Secondary education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 70 62 58

60 52

50

47 38

40 30 20

18

21

24

24

25

25

25

26

26

27

28

30

32

32

32

32

34

40

39

41

43

43

48

43

34

10 0 TR OD CG BH WB RJ SK MP AS UP JH MZ GJ AR MG AI AP JK UK TN KA PJ MH KL HR HP MN NL GA DL

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

There are gains in secondary schooling for the young in Madhya Pradesh Education attainment, (% age 18-30)

Enrollment by age cohort, (%)

50 50 7

21-23

17

+10

40 40 34

34

30 30

28

19

20 20

74

+22

Age

23

+15

52

15-17

25 22

36

21

18-20

78

12-14

94

+16

95

+8

15

9-11

10 10

6-8

87

89

78

+11

00 Illiterate Illiterate

Literateoror Middle Literate Middle primaryschool school completed completed primary completed completed

Secondary Secondary andabove above and

â&#x2013; 2005

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May 20, 2016

100 100

â&#x2013; 2012

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

00

20 20

40 40

60 60

80 80

100 100

Madhya Pradesh Health and Education

Public school enrollment in Madhya Pradesh is higher than the national average Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0% TR BH AR AS OD WB CG JH MZ SK HP MP GJ

■ All education levels

JK UK AI DL KA MG TN RJ MH HR AP UP NL

● Elementary

PJ MN KL GA

● Secondary and above

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Enrollment in private schools has increased marginally in Madhya Pradesh, mostly for the rich Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100

80

94 79

93

91

86

86 78

74

74

70

60

54 40

40

20

0 All

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

■ 2005

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May 20, 2016

Quintile 3

■ 2012

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

Madhya Pradesh Health and Education

Learning outcomes in Madhya Pradesh are among the poorest in the country Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%) 80

75

70

67

60 50 39

40 33

34

42

43

46

47

NL

SK AR UP TR

GJ

44

45

52

52

52

53

54

56

58

67

67

68

60

47

47

47

48

48

RJ

TN KA

AI

BH OD MZ CG WB MH AP MG UK KL MN PJ

34

30 20 10 0 AS MP JH

JK

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Sharp decline in learning outcomes after 2008 in Madhya Pradesh Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, (%) 100

80

60

40

20

■ Madhya Pradesh

■ All India

0 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

*Data on learning outcomes available for rural areas only.

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May 20, 2016

2012

2013

2014

HR HP

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS Demographics

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Population

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

Urban Share

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

Child Sex Ratio

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the 0-6 age group.

Adults

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Individuals of age 15 years and above are classified as ‘adults’.

• The NSSO conducts employment and unemployment surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.

Working age population not in school

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Individuals of age 15 years and above that are currently not attending any educational institutes

Poor

Poverty lines based on the ‘Tendulkar’ poverty lines published by the former Planning Commission of India

• Households whose monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below the poverty line are classified as ‘poor’.

• Poverty rate is the proportion of population that is counted as poor.

• The number of poor is calculated by applying poverty rates, estimated using NSS data, to population estimates.

Population for 1994 has been estimated by interpolating the 1991 and 2001 census population to January 1st of 1994. Similarly, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012.

Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to noncensus years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• The NSSO conducts consumption expenditure surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.

• The population census is conducted once every 10 years.

The most recent population census data available is for the year 2011.

Poverty Poverty rate

Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

Inequality Gini coefficient

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May 20, 2016

Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of consumption expenditure among households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution.

• Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality, 1 implies perfect inequality.

• Gini coefficient is estimated using survey data on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS Welfare distribution

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Consumption expenditure quintiles

Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Survey data on household consumption is used to estimate consumption expenditure quintiles within each state in India. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.

Wealth Index quintiles

National Family Health Survey, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

• Survey data on asset ownership is used to construct a ‘wealth index’ which forms the basis for estimating wealth quintiles within each state in India.

Real GDP/GSDP growth rate

Central Statistical Office (CSO)

Real GDP/GSDP per capita

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• 2014 All-India estimate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) corresponds to the 2011-12 base year (new series). All other All-India GDP and state GSDP estimates correspond to 2004-05 base year and 2004-05 prices (old series).

• All estimates of GDP/GSDP are as of March 31st of the corresponding financial year. For e.g. the Real GSDP for the financial year 1993-94 is as on 31st March 1994.

• Population for the years 1994 to 2011 has been estimated by interpolating census population to March 31st of the corresponding year. For example, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to March 31st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to March 31st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• Growth rate of GSDP/ GDP across any two consecutive years is the simple growth rate. Growth rate over multiple years is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR).

• Composition of 3 main sectors of the economy (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Components of GSDP growth rate represent the contribution of a sector to overall GSDP growth rate. This is estimated by the ratio of increase in value added in a sector to increase in overall value added and multiplying the ratio with the GSDP growth rate.

Income & Growth

Components of GSDP growth rate

Fiscal

2

Debt

Controller General of Accounts (CGA)

Fiscal Deficit

Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

May 20, 2016

• Debt is the government’s outstanding liabilities.

• Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government in the financial year.

• Both are expressed as a ratio of the nominal GDP/ GSDP (market prices).

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Jobs Labor force participation rate

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Adult individuals are classified as part of the labor force if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) or if they have been seeking work or have been available for work for a minimum of 6 months during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the labor force.

Workers/Employed/Number of jobs

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Members of the labor force are classified as ‘workers’ if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) for a minimum of 30 days during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the work force.

• The number of jobs/workers is arrived at by applying worker participation rates to population estimates. The ‘number of jobs’ estimate corresponds to the ‘number of workers’. • Population for 1994 and 2005 has been estimated by interpolating census population to January 1st of the corresponding year. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• Job growth over a certain period is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR).

• Classification of workers by sector (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.

• A further disaggregated classification of workers by sector FARM – Agriculture/ farming CONS – Construction THR – Trade, hotels and restaurants MANU – Manufacturing PUB - Community, social and personal services TRAN - Transport, storage and communication FIRB - Financing, insurance, real estate and business services MINE+UTIL – Mining & quarrying + Utilities • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.

Job growth Workers by sector/wage-type

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May 20, 2016

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Education Literacy Education attainment

Enrollment Public educational institutes

Learning: Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%)

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May 20, 2016

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• ‘Literate’ – includes those who have received both formal and informal schooling.

• Education levels explained (i) ‘Illiterate’ – individuals who are not literate. (ii) ‘Literate or primary school completed’ – includes individuals who have completed primary school as well as those are literate but have not completed primary school. (iii) ‘Middle completed’ – individuals who have completed middle school. (iv) ‘Secondary and above’ – individuals who have completed secondary schooling or any level higher. Includes individuals who have completed higher secondary, diploma or certificate course or a graduate, postgraduate or higher degree.

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Includes all those currently attending formal primary schooling and above.

• Public educational institutes include those that are run by the state/ central governments or by local bodies. This excludes any kind of privately owned and run institutes including private aided institutes.

Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), Trends over time 2006-2014, ASER Centre/ Pratham

• Data available for rural areas only

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Health Maternal mortality ratio

Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Maternal mortality ratio is derived as the proportion of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births reported.

• Data for 3 years is pooled to enhance sample size and yield more reliable estimates.

• For states split after the year 2000, i.e. Bihar and Jharkhand; Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand; Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, MMR is estimated jointly.

Infant mortality rate

Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths (children aged 1 year or less) per 1,000 live births.

Malnutrition: Stunting

National Family Health Survey (NFHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

• ‘Stunting’ defined as percentage of children below age 5 who are short for their age.

• Data for 2006 is from the NFHS and for 2014 is from the RSOC. Though both provide stunting estimates for children below age 5 the numbers for 2006 and 2014 may not be strictly comparable due to differences in survey methodology.

Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC), Ministry of Women and Child Development

Infrastructure & Amenities Electrification

Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• ‘Electrification’ defined as the proportion of households using electricity as primary source of energy for lighting.

Road density

Basic Roads Statistics, Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways

• Road density has been defined as road length per million people and road length per 1,000 sq. km.

• Road length estimates correspond to ‘total road length’ data published in the Basic Roads Statistics report.

• Population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005.

Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• Land area estimates have been taken from the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.

Drinking water on premises

Survey of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and housing condition conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• The most recent survey data is available for the year 2012.

Open defecation Access to latrine

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May 20, 2016

Technical Appendix

LABEL Data labels

29 STATES AND ALL INDIA

LABEL

SOCIAL GROUP

ST SC OBC General

‘scheduled tribe’ ‘scheduled caste’ ‘other backward class’ ‘others’

(7 ‘low income states’ highlighted)

AI AP AR AS BH CG DL GA GJ HP HR JH JK KA KL MG MH MN MP MZ NL OD PJ RJ SK TN TR UK UP WB

All India Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Haryana Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Meghalaya Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal

Adjustments for split states In the year 2000, 3 large states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh were each split to form two states each.

Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand were the 3 new states created. The NSSO survey data allows us to separately estimate variables for ‘split’ states, enabling us to construct a consistent and comparable series of variables for the pre-split and post-split period.

A consistent and comparable series for population and growth data is not available. Specifically - 1991 population census data for ‘split’ states is not available and GSDP series for ‘split’ states is only available for years after 2000. In order to create a consistent population series, the 1991 population estimates for the parent state have been divided in a way that mirrors the relative shares of the new states’ population in the parent state population in 2001.

In order to create a consistent GSDP series, pre-2000 GSDP figures for the parent state have been divided in a way that preserves the relative shares of the new ‘ GSDP in the parent state GSDP for a ten year period after the year 2000.

In the year 2014, the state of Telangana was carved out of Andhra Pradesh (AP), with the remaining portion of AP retaining the name of the parent state. Separate estimates for Telangana have not been published in the States Briefs. All state-level estimates for Andhra Pradesh correspond to AP and Telangana combined.

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May 20, 2016