fnlacj dh [kq'kuqek lqcg gSA mÙkj&iwohZ jkT; vle esa lSarhl o"khZ; fdlku dey dqekjh] vius xkao dh lhek ls yxs [ksrksa esa dke djus ds fy, ?kj ls fudy iM+rh gSaA og nwj rd QSys /kku vkSj ljlksa ds [ksrksa ls gksdj] nwj fgeky; dh HkO; pksfV;ksa dh :ijs[kk dks ns[krs gq, vU; efgyk fdlkuksa ds lkFk ,d cgqr cM+s [ksr esa igqap tkrh gSaA og ,d pedhys ihys jax dh lhMj e'khu ds Mªkbfoax lhV ij cSB tkrh gSa] vkSj mudh vU; lkFkh xkM+h ds ihNs esa fLFkr fVyj esa vkyw ds cht Hkjrh gSaA fnu Hkj os [ksr tksrrh gSa] vkSj vkyw dh jksikbZ djrh gSaA
;s efgyk fdlku t‚;eksrh QkeZj çksMîwlj daiuh fyfeVsM dh lnL; gSa] ftldh 'ks;j/kkjd efgyk,a gh gSaA ;g daiuh iwoksZÙkj jkT; vle ds rstiqj esa lksfuriqj ftys esa fLFkr gSA ftys ds 25 xkaoksa esa ls 435 efgyk,a bl daiuh ds 'ks;jgksYMj gSaA os t~;knkrj [ksrh esa yxh jgrh gSa] vkSj /kku] díw] ljlksa vkSj vU; lfCt;ksa dh Qly mxkrh gSaA efgyk fdlku crkrh gSa] Þigys ge vius vyx vyx [ksrksa esa dke djrs Fks vkSj viuh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds ckn cph gqbZ mit dks csprs FksA mlls gksus okyh vk; egt bruh gksrh Fkh fd mlls ?kj dk [kpZ py tk,A vc ge ,d daiuh ds rkSj ij lkFk feydj dke jgs gSa] ge cktkj ekax ds fglkc ls Qlysa mxkrs gSa] cf<+;k nkeksa ij viuh Qlysa csprs gSa vkSj mlls gq, ykHk dks ck¡V ysrs gSaA gekjh vkenuh Hkh nks&rhu xquk c<+ xbZ gSAß
2022 esa] mudh dM+h esgur jax ykbZ vkSj ,d cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh us mUgsa vkyw mxkus ds fy, muds lkeus ,d vuqca/k dk çLrko fn;kA vkyw dh Qly cspus ds ckn] QkeZj çksMîwlj daiuh (FPC) us yxHkx 20 yk[k #i, dk equkQk dek;k] vkSj bls Hkkxhnkj fdlkuksa esa ckaV fn;k x;kA ,Qihlh dh ps;jilZu dey dqekjh xoZ ls dgrh gSa] Þge ges'kk ls fdlku jgs gSaA ysfdu vc viuh daiuh ds lkFk ge —f"k m|eh cu x, gSaAß
fo'o cSad ds APART çkstsDV dh lQyrk
fo'o cSad dh APART ¼vle ,xzhfctusl ,aM :jy VªkalQ‚esZ'ku çkstsDV½ ifj;kstuk vle esa ,slh 125 QkeZj çksMîwlj daifu;ksa (FPCS) dh enn dj jgh gS] ftlls 60,000 ls T;knk fdlku Hkkxhnkj ds rkSj ij tqM+s gq, gSa] vkSj blesa 20,000 efgyk,a 'kkfey gSaA QkeZj çksMîwlj daifu;ka ,d [kkl Hkwxksy {ks= ds vuq:i xfBr dh tkrh gSa] tks ,d rjg ds [ksfrgj dkeksa tSls —f"k] ckxokuh] flYd mRiknu ;k eRL; ikyu esa yxs yksxksa dks ,dtqV djrh gSaA lk>hnkj cuus ds fy, gj fdlku 1000 #i, dk ;ksxnku nsrk gSA ,d QkeZj çksMîwlj daiuh ds rkSj ij iath—r daiuh dks ifj;kstuk ls rduhdh vkSj foÙkh; lgk;rk nh tkrh gS] lkFk gh cSad vkSj foÙkh; laLFkkvksa ls Hkh foÙkh; enn feyrh gSA
2
Kku
vkSj lalk/ku ds tfj, fdlkuksa ds l'kfädj.k
APART ds rgr QkeZj çksMîwlj daifu;ksa dks d‚eu lfoZl lsaVlZ vkSj dLVe gk;fjax lsaVlZ dks LFkkfir djus ds fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk nh tkrh gS] tgka lnL;ksa dks eNyh pkjs] cht] moZjd vkSj —f"k midj.k tSls —f"k lalk/kuksa rd igqap miyC/k djkbZ tkrh gSA fdlkuksa dks csgrj —f"k rduhdksa dk çf'k{k.k fn;k tk jgk gS] ftlesa Qly çca/ku vkSj lfCt;ksa dh [ksrh 'kkfey gSA tks yksx eRL;ikyu esa yxs gq, gSa] mUgsa csgrj vkSj LoPN eRL;ikyu rduhdksa ds ckjs esa çf'kf{kr fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj mUgsa ewY; laof/kZr ,sls mRiknksa esa fuos'k ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk gS ftudh cktkj esa ekax gksA ipkl o"khZ; çksuksrh xksLokeh] ukycMh ftys ds psaxuksbZ xkao esa jgrh gSA og igys vius NksVs ls rkykc esa eRL;ikyu djrh Fkha vkSj LFkkuh; cktkj esa eNfy;ka cspdj ?kj dk [kpZ pykrh FkhaA vc] mUgksaus vius eRL;ikyu O;olk; dk foLrkj fd;k gS] mls vkSj fofo/k cuk;k gSA psaxuksbZ QkeZj çksMîwlj daiuh ds ,d 'ks;j/kkjd ds :i esa] mUgsa eRL; cht mRiknu 'kq: djus ds fy, çf'k{k.k vkSj lalk/ku miyC/k djk;k x;kA ÞeSa çf'k{k.k ds fy, 'kqØxqtkj gwaA eSa le> xbZ fd eSa eRL; cht mRiknu ls vf/kd iSls dek ldrh gwa] ftudk mi;ksx rkykcksa vkSj eNyh QkeksaZ esa vaMs ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA bldh lky Hkj ekax cuh jgrh gSA esjh vk; 50,000 #i, ls 6 xquk c<+dj 3 yk[k #i, gks xbZ gSAß
blh rjg] mlh xkao esa] 30 o"khZ; yfork nsDdk xksLokeh ¼ftUgksaus xzstq,'ku rd i<+kbZ dh gS½ vius eRL;ikyu O;olk; dk çlkj djds lw[kh eNfy;ka] eNfy;ksa ds vpkj vkSj ljlksa dk isLV dk mRiknu 'kq: fd;kA APART ds rgr feyus okys çf'k{k.k ds ckn] yfork vc bu mRiknksa dks
LFkkuh; cktkjksa vkSj lqijekdsZV esa csprh gSaA Þeq>s 30,000
#i, ds NksVs ls fuos'k ls eq>s gj eghus 10,000 ls 15000 #i, fey jgs gSaAß yfork vc vU; efgyk fdlkuksa dks
çf'kf{kr dj jgh gSa vkSj mUgsa ftys Hkj ds cM+s cktkjksa esa vius mRiknksa dh fcØh ds c<+us dh mEehn gSA
efgyk usr`Ro okys m|eksa dks
c<+kok nsuk
vle ,xzhfctusl xzksFk ySc APART ifj;kstuk dk ,d vfHkUu fgLlk gSA ;g igy —f"k ,oa lgk;d {ks=ksa ls tqM+s m|eksa dks lgk;rk çnku djrh gS] ftlds dsaæ esa efgyk m|fe;ksa okys
O;olk; dks c<+kok nsuk gSA lQyrk dh ,d ,slh dgkuh 33 o"khZ; ek;kJh c#vk dh gS] ftUgksaus xzstq,'ku rd f'k{kk gkfly dh gS vkSj igys ,d f'kf{kdk Hkh jg pqdh gSaA og xqokgkVh ds ckgjh bykds esa rsth ls Qy&Qwy jgs ,d lw{e m|e dks pyk jgh gSA
ek;kJh us 'kknh ds ckn m|eh gksus dh viuh ;k=k 'kq: dhA mUgksaus fcuk dsfedy vkSj fçtosZfVo ds eqjeqjs uedhu dk mRiknu 'kq: fd;kA 2020 ls igys] og lkykuk yxHkx 5 yk[k #i, dk ykHk dek jgh FkhaA mlds ckn mUgksaus vius LuSDl esa cktjs dks 'kkfey djus dk QSlyk fd;k ftls og fdlkuksa ls [kjhn jgh FkhaA
ek;kJh crkrh gSa] Þ,xzhfctusl xzksFk ySc ds tfj, eq>s tks çf'k{k.k vkSj lgk;rk feyh] mlls eq>s cM+s iSekus ij vius lw{e&m|ksx ds çlkj dh tkudkjh vkSj dkS'ky Kku feykA 2022-23 esa] esjk VuZvksoj yxHkx nksxquk gksdj djhc 13 yk[k gks x;kA vc] eSaus vius mRikn jsat esa dbZ mRikn tksM+s gSa vkSj vle ds cM+s fgLls esa viuh cktkj igqap dk foLrkj fd;k gSA vkSj eq>s fo'okl gS fd 2023-25 esjk VuZvksoj c<+dj 25 yk[k gks tk,xkAß
3 World Bank in India
cSafdax vkSj foÙkh; Kku ds tfj, fdlkuksa dk l'kfädj.k
vikVZ vle ds fdlkuksa vkSj —f"k O;olk; ls tqM+s lw{e] y?kq vkSj e/;e m|ksxksa dh foÙkh; lsokvksa rd igqap dks c<+kus vkSj bu lsokvksa ds çHkkoh mi;ksx ds fy, mudh {kerk fuekZ.k ds fy, dbZ dk;ZØe pyk jgk gSA APART us ,d pSysat QaM] {kkekgkj (XAMAHAR)] dks 'kq: fd;k gS tks ,d pqukSrh dks"k gS] tks jkT; esa fdlkuksa vkSj —f"k O;olk; m|eksa ds ykHk ds fy, ijh{kf.kr foÙkh; uokpkjksa dks c<+kus ds fy, foÙkh; lsok çnkrkvksa dks çfrLi/khZ vuqnku çnku djrk gSA
fdlkuksa ds fy, ,d Qkbusaf'k;y ,tqds'ku ,oa dkmlfyax IysVQ‚eZ] —lkFkZd dks 'kq: fd;k x;k gS] tks mudh foÙkh; lk{kjrk dks c<+kok nsxkA blls bUgsa lksp le>dj QSlyk ysus vkSj vius foÙkh; lalk/kuksa ds mfpr çca/ku djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
blds vykok] APART —f"k O;olk; vkSj lacaf/kr {ks=ksa esa NksVs vkSj e/;e vkdkj ds m|eksa ¼,l,ebZ½ ds fodkl ds fy, nh?kZdkfyd iwath rd igqap lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ,d vle ,xzhfctusl bUosLVesaV QaM y‚Up dj jgk gSA ;g QaM —f"k {ks= esa lw{e] y?kq vkSj e/;e vkdkj ds m|eksa ds fodkl ds fy, nh?kZdkfyd _.k vkSj bfDoVh esa fuos'k dh lqfo/kk çnku djsxk] tks —f"k O;olk;ksa ds fodkl vkSj foLrkj ds fy, vko';d iwath çnku djsxkA
m|ferk vk/kkfjr ekufldrk% ikjaifjd —f"k ls ijs lksp
APART ds tfj, feys çf'k{k.k vkSj lalk/kuksa dh miyC/krk ds ckn fdlku vc m|fe;ksa dh rjg lkspus yxs gSaA os vius çksMDV jsat esa foLrkj djus] u, cktkjksa esa igqap cukus vkSj vius mRiknksa dk ,d czkaM rS;kj djus ds çfr mRlqd gSaA tks;kseksrh QkeZj çksMîwlj daiuh dh dey dqekjh eqLdqjk dj dgrh gSa] Þgesa fo'okl gS fd 2023-24 esa gekjk VuZvksoj 2 djksM+ ls T;knk gks tk,xkA vHkh gekjh ;kstuk ,d rsy fey [kksyus dh gS rkfd ge viuh ljlksa dh Qly ls rsy rS;kj dj ldsaA ge bls vius czkaM ds uke ls jkT; ds Hkhrj vkSj ckgj cspsaxsA ß bl chp] ek;kJh vius LokfeRo okyh QeZ dks ,d çkbosV fyfeVsM daiuh esa cnyus dh ;kstuk cuk jgh gSaA Þ,d ckj esjh daiuh LFkkfir gks tk,] rks eSa vius O;olk; dks c<+kus ds fy, _.k vkSj vuqnku gkfly djus dh dksf'k'k dj ldrh gwaA eSa vius forj.k ds usVodZ dk foLrkj djuk pkgrh gwa vkSj iwoksZÙkj ds vU; jkT;ksa esa vf/kd ls vf/kd xzkgdksa rd vius mRiknksa dks igqapkuk pkgrh gwaAß
4
ftanfx;ksa esa vk;k cnyko
u dsoy fdlkuksa dks vkfFkZd ykHk gqvk gS] cfYd vc muesa ,d O;fäxV rkSj ij Hkh dkQh cnyko gqvk gS] tgka os lekt esa viuh fLFkfr igys ls csgrj eglwl dj jgs gSaA jatw xksvkyk] ftudh mez 35 ls 40 ds chp gS] us T;knkrj ftanxh vius ?kj vkSj ifjokj dk [;ky j[kus esa fcrkbZ gSA og bl ckr dks Lohdkj djrh gSa fd tks;kseksrh QkeZj çksMîwlj daiuh dh lnL; cuus ds ckn mudh ftanxh us [kklk cnyko vk;k gSA jatw dgrh gSa] Þigys] eSa yksxksa ds lkeus vkdj ,sls ckr ugha djrh FkhA vkt] eSa ckgjh yksxksa ls ckr dj ldrh gwa] O;olk; ls tqM+h cglksa esa Hkkx ys ldrh gwa vkSj viuh jk; ns ldrh gwaA vc esjh ,d igpku gS vkSj eSa [kqn l'kä eglwl djrh gwaAß
lksfuriqj esa lwjt dh <yrh lqugjh fdj.ksa [ksrksa ij iM+ jgh FkhA tks;kseksrh QkeZj çksMîwlj daiuh dh efgyk fdlku vkyw ds [ksrksa esa viuk dke [kRe djds okfil vius ?kj ykSV jgh gSaA Fkdku ds ckotwn muds psgjksa ij [kq'kh ygygkjgh gSA
5 World Bank in India
fo'o cSad vle esa fiNys nks
n'kdksa ls Hkh T;knk le; ls —f"k O;olk; {ks= ls tqM+k gqvk gSA
bldh 'kq#vkr 1995 esa 12.6 djksM+ M‚yj dh
vle xzkeh.k volajpuk vkSj —f"k lsok ifj;kstuk (ARIASP) ds lkFk gqbZ FkhA bl ifj;kstuk us jkT; esa yxHkx 2 yk[k NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa dh —f"k mRikndrk vkSj vk; c<+kus esa dkQh lgk;rk dhA ;g ifj;kstuk 2004 esa can gqbZ A
2005 esa] 15.4 djksM+ M‚yj dh vle —f"k
çfrLi/kkZRedrk ifj;kstuk ¼,,lhih½ dks eatwjh nh xbZ FkhA ifj;kstuk dk y{; —f"k mRikndrk dks c<+kus vkSj cktkj igqap esa lq/kkj ykuk FkkA blls flapkbZ vkSj —f"k çkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx esa lq/kkj ykus esa lgk;rk feyh] ftlls lfCt;ksa vkSj frygu tSls Åaph dher okyh Qlyksa ds mRiknu esa yxHkx 40 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ]
ftlls 5.5 yk[k ls vf/kd fdlkuksa dks ykHk gqvkA ;g ifj;kstuk 2015 esa can gks xbZA
20 djksM+ M‚yj dh orZeku esa py jgh vle —f"k O;olk; vkSj xzkeh.k ifjorZu ifj;kstuk (APART) dks 2017 esa eatwjh nh xbZ FkhA ;g ifj;kstuk çkFkfed —f"k vkSj m|e fodkl nksuksa ij dsafær gSA çkFkfed —f"k {ks= esa] APART us pkoy] Ms;jh] eRL; ikyu] i'kq/ku vkSj js'ke tSls {ks=ksa esa 5 yk[k ls vf/kd fdlkuksa dks lgk;rk çnku dh gSA blds vykok bldh vkSj ,d yk[k fdlkuksa rd igqapus dh ;kstuk gSA m|e fodkl {ks= esa bl ifj;kstuk us 2,000 ls vf/kd m|eksa dh dk;kiyV esa ;ksxnku fn;k gS vkSj bldk y{; 50 cM+s —f"k O;olk; m|eksa lfgr 1,000 ls vf/kd m|eksa dh enn djuk gSA
6
