Overweight and Obesity in Saudi Arabia

Page 176

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| Overweight and Obesity in Saudi Arabia

in schools. Products with any seal were also no longer allowed to use packaging or marketing specifically appealing to children on their packaging or marketing materials (for example, cartoons, free toys, and so on) (photo 8A.4). A series of studies to date have found that, since the first phase of the Chilean law, consumers’ use and understanding of the seals is high and there have been improvements in consumers’ knowledge and attitudes around nutrition and health (Correa et al. 2019); consumers, regardless of educational level, are purchasing fewer regulated products (Taillie et al. 2020); and the formulation of products available in the Chilean market and in schools has changed to reduce the nutrients of concern (Massri et al. 2019; Reyes et al. 2020). Additionally, the advertising restrictions have translated to less children’s TV exposure to unhealthy food advertising (Correa et al. 2020; Jensen et al. 2020). To complement the food labeling and marketing effort, the government changed its beverage tax in 2014 to a tiered tax structure. The tax went from a 13 percent ad valorem tax to a tiered tax structure with no taxes on plain water and plain dairy-based drinks; 10 percent on all nonalcoholic beverages with sweeteners and less than 6.25 grams (g) sugar; and 18 percent on all nonalcoholic beverages with sweeteners equal to or over 6.25 g sugar. Because of the relatively small increase (plus 5 percentage points) and decrease in prices (minus 3 percentage points), evaluations of this tax restructuring have shown that the price changes were muted (that is, they were partially absorbed by suppliers) and changes in purchases were consequently small (Caro et al. 2018). PHOTO 8A.4

Example of cereal before (left) and after (right) Chile’s food labeling and marketing law

Source: © Global Food Research Program. Used with the permission of the Global Food Research Program Alimentaria. Further permission required for reuse.


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8A.5 Example of UK multiple traffic light front-of-package labeling

5min
pages 177-178

Annex 8A: Case studies of countries with integrated and systems-based strategies Annex 8B: Examples of applied or recommended nutrient

2min
page 172

8.7 Stage 2: Increase the intake of healthy foods in Saudi Arabia 8A.2 Complete set of black seal labels that might be applied on front-of-package

7min
pages 168-170

8A.3 Example of campaign among public health advocates in support of Mexico’s front-of-package labeling regulation 8A.4 Example of cereal before (left) and after (right) Chile’s food labeling and

1min
page 175

labeling for Mexico based on product characteristics

1min
page 174

marketing law

1min
page 176

8A.1 Example of campaign material by advocates for the sugar-sweetened beverages tax to fund drinking fountains in schools

1min
page 173

Applying a Saudi-specific NPM for transforming the food system

2min
page 166

8.6 Stage 1: Reduce the intake of unhealthy foods in Saudi Arabia

2min
page 167

approaches

4min
pages 161-162

in Saudi Arabia and Chile

5min
pages 159-160

References

22min
pages 142-150

healthy diets

2min
page 152

per capita per day), 2010–19

1min
page 154

products

2min
page 153

Conclusions

2min
page 139

reformulation in Saudi Arabia

7min
pages 134-136

7.5 Saudi Arabia’s voluntary traffic light label, 2018

4min
pages 132-133

7A.2 Examples of different tax designs and evidence on their effectiveness

2min
page 141

Key lessons learned from global experiences

2min
page 138

7.3 Trends in carbonated drink volume per capita sales (liters), 2010–18

4min
pages 127-128

Obesity-prevention policies and their effectiveness evidence

2min
page 124

References

17min
pages 114-120

of COVID-19

9min
pages 109-112

Conclusions

2min
page 113

Summary and conclusions

3min
pages 95-96

The impact of obesity on COVID-19

2min
page 102

References

5min
pages 98-100

Estimating the economic burden using the economic growth approach method

2min
page 94

Estimating the economic burden using the value-of-a-statistical-life method

5min
pages 92-93

obesity

5min
pages 90-91

method

2min
page 87

Annex 4B: Supplementary details for intervention assumptions

2min
page 78

5.2 Direct medical costs attributable to overweight

1min
page 88

Key messages

1min
page 85

Results

2min
page 60

risk factors

5min
pages 57-58

Methods

2min
page 55

References

7min
pages 50-52

and obesity

2min
page 44

References

5min
pages 37-38

Socioeconomic and cultural influences

4min
pages 47-48

Dietary behaviors contributing to overweight and obesity Physical inactivity as a risk factor in the development of overweight

8min
pages 41-43

ages 5–9 years, by sex, 1975–2016

1min
page 30

2 Engagement of men and women in sufficient physical activity in

2min
page 23
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