Overweight and Obesity in Saudi Arabia

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Overweight and Obesity in Saudi Arabia

REFERENCES Abioye, A. I., K. Hajifathalian, and G. Danaei. 2013. “Do Mass Media Campaigns Improve Physical Activity? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Archives of Public Health 71 (1): 20. doi:10.1186/0778-7367-71-20. Abu-Omar, K., A. Rutten, I. Burlacu, V. Schätzlein, S. Messing, and M. Suhrcke. 2017. “The CostEffectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions: A Systematic Review of Reviews.” Preventive Medicine Reports 8: 72–78. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.08.006. AEI (American Enterprise Institute). 2017. “Poverty, Hunger, and US Agricultural Policy: Do Farm Programs Affect the Nutrition of Poor Americans?” AEI Post, January 9. https://www​ . a e i .o rg / r e s e a r c h - p r o d u c t s / r e p o r t / p o v e r t y- h u n g e r- a n d - u s - a g r i c u l t u r a l​ -policy-do-farm-programs-affect-the-nutrition-of-poor-americans/. Afshin, A., J. L. Peñalvo, L. Del Gobbo, J. Silva, M. Michaelson, M. O’Flaherty, S. Capewell, D. Spiegelman, G. Danaei, and D. Mozaffarian. 2017. “The Prospective Impact of Food Pricing on Improving Dietary Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” PLoS One 12 (3): e0172277. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172277. Alassaf, H. I., Y. A. Alaskar, B. F. Alqulaysh, M. A. Alshehri, M. Y. Alnosian, A. A. Alshamrani, and M. A. Al-Tannir. 2020. “Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Saudi Adults about Calorie Labeling in Central Saudi Arabia.” Saudi Medical Journal 41 (3): 296–303. Aldubayan, K., and M. Murimi. 2019. “Compliance with School Nutrition Policy in Saudi Arabia: A Quantitative Study.” Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 25 (4): 230–38. doi:10.26719​ /emhj.18.034. Al Eid, Ahmed J., Zahra A. Alahmed, Shaker A. Al-Omary, and Sabah M. Alharbi. 2017. “RASHAKA Program: A Collaborative Initiative between Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education to Control Childhood Obesity in Saudi Arabia.” Saudi Journal of Obesity 5 (1): 22–27. http://www.saudijobesity.com/article.asp?issn=2347-2618;year=2017;volume​ =5;issue=1;spage=22;epage=27;aulast=Al#ref15. Alfawzan, M., and A. Aljarallah. 2020. “The Impact of Calories Labeling Policy in Saudi Arabia: Comparing Physical and Online Channels.” PACIS 2020 Proceedings, June. https://aisel​ .aisnet.org/pacis2020/151. Al-Hazzaa, H. M., and M. A. AlMarzooqi. 2018. “Descriptive Analysis of Physical Activity Initiatives for Health Promotion in Saudi Arabia.” Frontiers in Public Health 6: 329. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00329. Al-Jawaldeh, A., M. Rayner, C. Julia, I. Elmadfa, A. Hammerich, and K. McColl. 2020. “Improving Nutrition Information in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Implementation of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labelling.” Nutrients 12 (2): 330. doi:10.3390/nu12020330. Alkhaldy, A. A., D. S. Taha, S. E. Alsahafi, R. K. Naaman, and M. M. Alkhalaf. 2020. “Response of the Public and Restaurant Owners to the Mandatory Menu Energy-Labelling Implementation in Restaurants in Saudi Arabia.” Public Health Nutrition May: 1–13. doi:10.1017​ /S1368980020000245. AlMughthem, A., H. Jradi, and A. Bawazir. 2020. “Nutrition Food Labeling in the Saudi Market between Compliance and Relaxing Policy.” Asian Journal of Medicine and Health June: 1–8. doi:10.9734/ajmah/2020/v18i530200. Alsukait, R., P. Wilde, S. Bleich, G. Singh, and S. Folta. 2019. “Impact of Saudi Arabia’s Sugary Drink Tax on Prices and Purchases (P10-066-19).” Current Developments in Nutrition 3 (nzz034.P10-066-19). doi:10.1093/cdn/nzz034.P10-066-19. Alsukait, R., P. Wilde, S. N. Bleich, G. Singh, and S. C. Folta. 2020. “Evaluating Saudi Arabia’s 50% Carbonated Drink Excise Tax: Changes in Prices and Volume Sales.” Economics and Human Biology 38 (August): 100868. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100868. Altwaijri, Y., S. Hyder, L. Bilal. M. T. Naseem, D. AlSaqabi, F. AlSuwailem, M. Aradati, and E. DeVol. 2019. “Evaluating the Impact of a Workplace Wellness Program in Saudi Arabia: An Intra-Department Study.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61 (9): 760–66. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000001656. PMID: 31233008. Arab News. 2019. “SFDA Finds 70 Per Cent Shops Labeling Food Correctly.” June 7. https://www​ .arabnews.com/node/1507301/saudi-arabia.


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8A.5 Example of UK multiple traffic light front-of-package labeling

5min
pages 177-178

Annex 8A: Case studies of countries with integrated and systems-based strategies Annex 8B: Examples of applied or recommended nutrient

2min
page 172

8.7 Stage 2: Increase the intake of healthy foods in Saudi Arabia 8A.2 Complete set of black seal labels that might be applied on front-of-package

7min
pages 168-170

8A.3 Example of campaign among public health advocates in support of Mexico’s front-of-package labeling regulation 8A.4 Example of cereal before (left) and after (right) Chile’s food labeling and

1min
page 175

labeling for Mexico based on product characteristics

1min
page 174

marketing law

1min
page 176

8A.1 Example of campaign material by advocates for the sugar-sweetened beverages tax to fund drinking fountains in schools

1min
page 173

Applying a Saudi-specific NPM for transforming the food system

2min
page 166

8.6 Stage 1: Reduce the intake of unhealthy foods in Saudi Arabia

2min
page 167

approaches

4min
pages 161-162

in Saudi Arabia and Chile

5min
pages 159-160

References

22min
pages 142-150

healthy diets

2min
page 152

per capita per day), 2010–19

1min
page 154

products

2min
page 153

Conclusions

2min
page 139

reformulation in Saudi Arabia

7min
pages 134-136

7.5 Saudi Arabia’s voluntary traffic light label, 2018

4min
pages 132-133

7A.2 Examples of different tax designs and evidence on their effectiveness

2min
page 141

Key lessons learned from global experiences

2min
page 138

7.3 Trends in carbonated drink volume per capita sales (liters), 2010–18

4min
pages 127-128

Obesity-prevention policies and their effectiveness evidence

2min
page 124

References

17min
pages 114-120

of COVID-19

9min
pages 109-112

Conclusions

2min
page 113

Summary and conclusions

3min
pages 95-96

The impact of obesity on COVID-19

2min
page 102

References

5min
pages 98-100

Estimating the economic burden using the economic growth approach method

2min
page 94

Estimating the economic burden using the value-of-a-statistical-life method

5min
pages 92-93

obesity

5min
pages 90-91

method

2min
page 87

Annex 4B: Supplementary details for intervention assumptions

2min
page 78

5.2 Direct medical costs attributable to overweight

1min
page 88

Key messages

1min
page 85

Results

2min
page 60

risk factors

5min
pages 57-58

Methods

2min
page 55

References

7min
pages 50-52

and obesity

2min
page 44

References

5min
pages 37-38

Socioeconomic and cultural influences

4min
pages 47-48

Dietary behaviors contributing to overweight and obesity Physical inactivity as a risk factor in the development of overweight

8min
pages 41-43

ages 5–9 years, by sex, 1975–2016

1min
page 30

2 Engagement of men and women in sufficient physical activity in

2min
page 23
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