From Jobs to Careers

Page 118

78 l

Mobility

Workplace

Pay

Marriage

Parenthood

Entrepreneurship

Assets

Pension

Overall

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Country

50

75

0

0

20

75

40

100

45.0

Bangladesh

100

50

25

60

20

75

40

25

49.4

Pakistan

75

100

25

60

20

75

40

50

55.6

Sri Lankaa

100

75

25

100

20

75

80

50

65.6

Cambodia

100

100

75

80

20

100

100

25

75.0

Vietnam

100

100

75

100

80

100

100

0

81.9

Turkey

100

100

75

80

80

75

100

50

82.5

United States

100

100

75

100

80

100

100

75

91.3

Source: World Bank 2020b; historical data from the Women, Business and the Law database: https://wbl.worldbank.org/en/wbl-data. Note: Countries are listed in order of lowest to highest overall score. Scores for Bangladesh, Cambodia, Egypt, Sri Lanka, and Turkey have remained the same on the annual index from 2017 to 2021. Scores for Pakistan (entrepreneurship and overall) and Vietnam (pay and overall) improved between 2020 and 2021; however, 2021 values are not shown in the table. The 2020 index indicators are based on data from June 2, 2017, to September 1, 2019. a. Sri Lanka’s scores on the Parenthood indicator differ between the published report (40) and raw data (20). The raw data list 20 in all years and include responses for questions, so that value is used for the Parenthood score and for calculating the overall score.

FROM JOBS TO CAREERS

TABLE 3.4 Women, Business, and the Law Index Scores, by Indicator, in Sample Middle-Income Countries and the United States


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A.6 Average Monthly Wages for Females and Both Genders, Manufacturing and All Industries, by Case Country

1min
page 175

A.9 Details of Education Level Data Used for Standardized Analysis, by Case Country

2min
pages 177-178

A.4 Average Monthly Wages in Local Currency, by Industry, in Case Countries

1min
page 173

Education Analysis Issues and Methodology

2min
page 170

A.5 Average Monthly Wages in the Apparel Industry, by Gender, and the Gender Wage Gap in Case Countries

1min
page 174

5.2 North Carolina and Bangladesh: Programs That Spotlight Apparel Careers

2min
page 159

Seven Middle-Income Countries, 2020

6min
pages 161-163

Break Glass Ceilings

2min
page 160

Conclusion

2min
page 164

Increase Access to Education to Promote Female Participation in Careers

4min
pages 157-158

Introduction

4min
pages 150-151

Increase Participation of Female Production Workers in Export-Oriented Apparel Manufacturing and Related Industries

3min
pages 153-154

Key Messages

1min
page 149

Increase the Number of Female Supervisors and Upgrade Apparel Jobs to Manufacturing-Related Services

4min
pages 155-156

Economies, 1995–2015

1min
page 139

Conclusion

1min
page 145

Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Vietnam, 2013

1min
pages 140-141

Can Apparel Exports Increase Jobs and Female Labor Force Participation?

2min
page 136

The Multifiber Arrangement, Export Dependence, and Women

1min
page 132

Conclusion

2min
page 119

of Peak Apparel Exports

4min
pages 134-135

References

3min
pages 122-124

by Scale of Operation

1min
page 131

Notes

4min
pages 120-121

Key Messages

1min
page 125

Middle-Income Countries and the United States

1min
page 118

The Three Female Employment Groups

2min
page 106

The Three Barriers to Career Progression

2min
page 108

Sample Middle-Income Countries, Mid-2010s

4min
pages 116-117

Key Messages

1min
page 101

Selected Industries, 2017

1min
page 105

Global Patterns of Female Labor Intensity

2min
page 103

Introduction

2min
page 102

Annex 2A: Mincerian Equation Results

2min
page 90

Middle-Income Countries, 2000s–2010s

2min
page 78

Sample Middle-Income Countries, by Earliest and Latest Data Years

2min
page 76

Introduction

1min
page 68

Indicator One: Investment in Human Capital

4min
pages 70-71

Indicator Four: Earnings Gaps between Men and Women

4min
pages 79-80

Key Messages

1min
page 67

References

6min
pages 63-66

1.2 Job Classification by ISCO Code, Skill Level, and Education Level

2min
page 61

B1.3.1 Share of Total Female Employment, by Sector and Selected Industries, in Sample Middle-Income Countries, 2017

1min
page 60

Apparel Jobs to Careers

1min
page 55

Feminization U-Shaped Curve

2min
page 50

National Income, 2017

3min
pages 48-49

1.3 Apparel: The Most Important Manufacturing Industry for Female Jobs

1min
page 59

Contributions to Higher Family Income

4min
pages 53-54

Country Cases and Labor Market Classifications

4min
pages 56-57

Middle-Income Countries

1min
page 58

O.4 Returns to Education for Females in Selected Countries, 2007–15 xxvi O.5 Decomposition of Occupations in Women’s and Total Employment Worldwide, by Broad Category and Country Income Level, 2017 xxvii O.6 Relationships of GVC Activities and Country Roles to Occupational Skill and Country Income Levels xxix 1.1 The Path from Jobs to Careers for US Women in the Twentieth Century

4min
pages 46-47
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