Index
bilateral agreements, 88, 89b carnet systems, 65–73. See also carnet systems conceptual framework, 7–9 control mentality and convoys, 82–83 defined, 58 described, 59, 60f in developing regions, 79–98 documentation flow, 63 Douala Corridor, pilot improvement program, 92–93 fraud, risk of, 83 global standards, 73–78, 96–98 guarantees, 63–64, 80–81 improvements for, 79–98 information systems, limitations of, 80–81 integration goals, 84–87 international legal agreements, 6, 73–78, 74–75b, 76t, 87–88, 87t lax entry regulation, 81–82 misconceptions about transit facilitation, 83–84, 87 overview, 59–61 principal and guarantor, 63 public-private partnerships, 58, 61 rail transit, 61 reengineering, 88–92, 184, 186–87 regional systems, 86–87 role of, 58–59 seals, 62–63, 62b technology and, 94–96, 95b automation and interconnection across borders, 94–95 tracing goods, 95–96 transit initiation, 81 transit procedure and clearance, 64–65 Transit Routier Inter-États (TRIE), 70, 85, 87 transit system. See also transit regimes components of, 7–8, 8f framework and assumptions for, 8–9 redefining and improving, 186–87 transit times, 17, 30, 42, 59 guarantees and, 81 land transport, 100–101, 100t rail transport, 130 Trans-Kalahari Corridor, 162 transport agencies, role of, 41 Transportation Intermediaries Association (TIA), 153–54
273
Transport Coordination Committee of the Regional Economic Communities, 179 Transports Internationaux Routiers Convention. See TIR Transrail, 134b TRIE, 70, 85, 87 trucking. See road freight transport trust building, 9, 61, 167–70, 183, 185 Turkey, history of trade in, 46
U UEMOA (West African Economic and Monetary Union), 85, 179 Uganda clearance of transit cargo, 22b coffee or tea exports, 43 cut off from transit state access, 36 flower exports, 141, 142 railways, 126 trade corridor management agreements, 163, 165 UIC (International Union of Railways), 136 United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business, 180 Conference on the Law of the Sea (1958), 48 Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 49b, 85, 93, 167, 170, 184, 188. See also ASYCUDA documentation system development of performance-monitoring tools, 180, 184 Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), 28b, 73, 136, 171, 172f, 178, 184 Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), 70, 110 International Weight Certificates, 116 need for standards and guidelines, 92 Resolution R.E.4, 110, 110b TIR evaluation, 188 global conference on LLDCs (2003), 4 review of Almaty Programme of Action (2008), 5 United States and rail transit with Mexico, 61 unitized container trains, 23–24, 42, 130 unreliability, cost of, 21–24