What is Hypotheses testing and what are its types?

Introduction

Analytical methods are needed to handle the challenges posedbyextensivedata.

The earliest and the most commonly used statistical analysisishypothesistesting,whosefirstusedatesbackto 1710byJohnArbuthnot

Hypothesis testing finds its application in business, marketing, finance, biology, medicine, social science and psychology

Typesandexamplesofhypothesis testing

Itinvolvessettingupanullhypothesis,theclaimbeingtested, andanalternativehypothesis,whichistheoppositeofthenull hypothesis.

A statistical technique called hypothesis testing is used to assess a claim or hypothesis about a population parameter usingsampledata.

Thereareseveraltypesofhypothesistesting,whichareasfollows:

One-samplehypothesistesting:

Thistypeoftestcomparesthemeanofasampletoaknownvalueor ahypothesisedvalue.

Example:

Aresearcherwantstotestwhethertheaverageheightofstudentsinaschoolis6feet.

Thenullhypothesisisthattheaverageheightis6feet,andthealternativehypothesisis thatitisnotequalto6feet.

Two-samplehypothesistesting:

Themostcommontypeofhypothesistesting,thistestcomparesthemeans oftwodifferentsamplestodeterminewhethertheyaresignificantlydifferent

Example:

The average salary for male and female employees will be compared to see if there is any discernibledifference.

While the null hypothesis states that there is no difference in the average salary, the alternativehypothesisisthatthereisadifference

Chi-squaretest

Ifthereisasignificantcorrelationbetweentwocategoricalvariables,itwill berevealedbythiskindoftest.

Example:

Aresearcherwantstotestwhetherasignificantassociationbetweensmokingstatus andlungcancerexists.

Forthisresearchnullhypothesisstatesthatthereisnoassociationbetweensmoking status and lung cancer, and the alternative hypothesis states that there is an association.

ANOVA(analysisofvariance):

This kind of test is used to examine whether the means of three or more groupsdiffersignificantlyfromoneanother

Example:

Aresearcherwantstoascertainwhetherastatisticallysignificantdifferenceexistsin themeantestscoresfromthreeteachingapproaches.

Thereisnodifferenceinthemeanscore,accordingtothenullhypothesis.

Onthecontrary,thealternativehypothesisisthatatleastoneoftheaveragescores isdifferentfromtheothers.

Conclusion

Hypothesis testing is a crucial aspect of statistical analysis that allows researchers to draw valid conclusionsaboutpopulationsbasedonsampledata

One-sample, two-sample, chi-square and ANOVA are the types of hypothesis testing that find their applicationsforanalysingquantitativestudies.

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