SECOND Volume 3 | Issue 12
HAND
TAKE A BITE
SHIFTING STOP LYING TO THE EARTH
ENVIRONMENTALLY
FRIENDLY COMPANIES
THRIFTING BIRCH & ALDER
Q&A WITH TAYLOR SWIFT SecondHand
1
2
SecondHand
Contents
SECOND
HAND
02 04 12 18 26
Editor’s Letter Take a Bite Shifting to Thrifting Q&A with Taylor Swift Sustainable
SecondHand
3
Editor’s Letter A sense of calm came over me. A“ More sense of calm came over me, and more often I found myself More andthis more oftenI belong.” I found myself thinking, is where thinking, this is where I belong.”
Jane Goodall
E
2
quipped with a little more than a notebook, binoculars, and her fascination with wildlife, Jane Goodall braved a realm of unknowns to give the world a remarkable window into humankind’s closest living relatives. Through nearly 60 years of groundbreaking work, Dr. Jane Goodall has not only shown us the urgent need to protect chimpanzees from extinction; she has also redefined species conservation to include the needs of local people and the environment. Today she travels the world, speaking about the threats facing chimpanzees and environmental crises, urging each of us to take action on behalf of all living things and plan. But she has also redefined species conservation to include the needs of local people and the environment. Today she travels the world, speaking about the threats facing chimpanzees and environmental crises, urging each of us to take action on behalf of all living things and plan. She as not only shown us the urgent need to pro-
SecondHand
tect chimpanzees from extinction; she has also redefined species conservation to include the needs of local people and the environment. Speaking about the threats facing chimpanzees and environmental crises, urging each of us to take action on behalf of all living things and plan. Dr. Jane Goodall has not only shown us the urgent need to protect chimpanzees from extinction; she has also redefined species conservation to include the needs of local people and the environment. Today she travels the world, speaking about the threats facing chimpanzees and environmental crises, urging each of us to take action on behalf of all living things and aplan. Jane Goodall braved a realm of unknowns to give the world a remarkable window into humankind’s closest living relatives. Through nearly 60 years of groundbreaking work, The urgent need to protect chimpanzees from extinction; she has also redefined species conservation to include the needs of local people and the environment.
SECOND Editor in Chief Jane Goodall
HAND
Creative Director Liam Foster Executive Editor Ava Ramirez Deputy Editor Noah Bennett Senior Editor Olivia Hayes Contributing Editor Ethan Sullivan Contributing Bookings Editors Isabella Parker Mason Greene Senior Copy Editor Sophia Mitchell Spanish Editor/Translator Logan Price Art Directors Harper Bennett Jameson Turner Digital Prepress Group Mia Cole Elijah Harrison Director of Project Management Roger Himmel Director of Circulation Aiden Phillips Circulation Manager Grace Butler Circulation Assistant William Carter Chief Marketing Officer Scarlett Morgan Director, U.S. Marketing Communications Samuel Murphy
SecondHand
3
Editorial
SecondHand
5
THE ETHICS OF Meat Consumption: Three Compelling Reasons Why Eating Meat is Wrong
Why Is Eating Meat Bad for the Environment? Who is responsible? Meat production accounts for 57 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions of the entire food production industry. It also results in widespread deforestation and loss of biodiversity, and each of these means that it significantly contributes to climate change. This is especially true of meat production from factory farming operations. Deforestation As increasing numbers of animals are raised for meat production, vast areas of land are being cleared for the animals to live on and their food to be grown. In the Amazon rainforest for example, 80 percent of deforestation is due to the clearing of land for cattle ranching. The deforestation caused by the animal agricultural industry results in 340 million tons of carbon being released into the atmosphere each year. Biodiversity Loss Much of the land that is burned and cleared for animal agriculture was once home to a variety of different plant and animal species. When these plants are destroyed and the animals have nowhere to live, this results in a loss of biodiversity. Many of the slaughter methods used to kill the animals also use substantial amounts of water. Soil Degradation The intensive nature of animal feed production means that areas of land used to produce crops for animal
feed lose nutrients over time. As well as this resulting in a loss of soil fertility it means that the carbon dioxide that the land should be able to absorb is instead released into the atmosphere. Water Usage Excessive water usage may not be commonly attributed to meat production, but the animal agriculture industry uses massive amounts of water to raise and slaughter its animals. Feed production for the animal agriculture industry is responsible for a significant amount of this water usage. Producing food for livestock requires almost 20 percent of the world’s fresh water. Many of the slaughter methods used to kill the animals also use substantial amounts of water. In a single Californian slaughterhouse, for example, 4 to 5 million gallons of water are used per day to slaughter its chickens. Compared to meat-based products, plant-based foods have a much lower water footprint. It takes six times more water to produce one gram of protein from beef opposed than to get the same amount of protein from pulses. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Meat production significantly contributes to the release of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. As large volumes of these
SecondHand
7
Should I Stop Eating Meat To Help the Planet? greenhouse gases accumulate in the earth’s atmosphere, they absorb radiation and prevent heat escaping. This leads to global warming. As ruminant animals they digest their food in a process known as enteric fermentation, which releases methane and nitrous oxide.The industry is also responsible for the release of greenhouse gases through feed production, transportation of animals and emissions released by the slaughter process. Climate Change As forests are destroyed, soil is degraded, water reserves are depleted and large volumes of greenhouse gases are released, animal agriculture is having a devastating effect on our already struggling climate. This means that if current climate goals are to be met, there needs to be significant change in the way meat is consumed. Why Is Meat Bad for Climate Change? When protein sources are compared based on their greenhouse gas emissions, beef ranks the highest. The production of just 100 grams of protein from beef is responsible for the release of 49.89 kilograms of carbon dioxide. It also produces methane and nitrous oxide, which are even more powerful in trapping the heat.
Regularly eating meat has been associated with
25 different kinds of health issues,
including cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, and bowel cancer.
8
SecondHand
Arguments for Eating Meat Despite the environmental implications of meat consumption, there are some who promote the regular inclusion of meat in our diets. Reasons for this include the nutrients provided by meat, and its place in cultures around the world. The Nutritional Value The nutritional value of meat, and the belief that it cannot be replaced in a nutritious diet, means that it is often thought to be essential for health. Different forms of meat have different nutritional values, but are all rich in protein. Many are also rich in vitamin B12 and minerals such as zinc and iron. Vitamin B12 is not naturally present in any plant-based foods, but many vegan foods are B12-fortified and it can be easily supplemented. Good sources of zinc for plant-based diets include beans, chickpeas, tofu, lentils and nuts, and iron can be found in foods including lentils, tofu, kale, apricots and linseeds. Culture and Society Meat is also considered by some to be an integral part of their culture. Until a few hundred years ago, however, meat consumption took place on a far smaller scale than it does today, and most people relied on plant-based foods for the majority of their nutrition.The industry is also responsible for the release of greenhouse gases through feed production, transportation of animals and emissions released by
How is meat effecting my physical health? Land Usage The composition of some soils mean they are more conducive to producing grasses than human food crops, and not well suited to arable farming. Cattle can, however, still graze this land, meaning that the land is not being wasted and is still ultimately being utilized for food production. The scale of animal agriculture has grown beyond the use of otherwise idle land though. Currently, nearly 80 percent of agricultural land is being used for meat production. This includes land grazed by the animals. Arguments Against Eating Meat Arguments against meat consumption are strong enough that the number of people who consider themselves vegetarian or vegan has significantly increased in recent years. One study found that 39 percent of American adults limit the amount of meat they eat and are interested in one day eliminating it from their diets completely. Health Risks Regularly eating meat has been associated with 25 different health issues, including cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and bowel cancer. The risk of developing many of these diseases can be lowered by substituting meat with alternative protein sources such as beans, legumes and tofu. Even switching just some of the meat products you enjoy for a plant-based option can be beneficial to your health. Foods seen in recent years, it’s now easier than ever for many consumers to replace meat-based products with healthier alternatives. Animal Welfare Worldwide, over 88 billion land animals are slaughtered every year for food. With increasing demand for meat, animal agriculture is becoming increasingly industrialized, resulting in large numbers of animals being kept in conditions that fail to meet their most basic welfare needs. The production of just 100 grams of protein from beef is responsible for the release of 49.89 kilograms of carbon dioxide. It also produces methane and nitrous oxide, which are even more powerful in trapping the heat.
SecondHand
9
S
H
Environmentally Friendly Companies REI Helly Hansen Hooded Mono Material Insulated Jacket Easily Recyclable $79.73
H
arnessing sustainable materials in an era where environmental sustainability has become a paramount concern, every facet of our lives is under scrutiny for its ecological impact. The fashion industry, notorious for its environmental toll, has started to embrace a change towards sustainability. One noteworthy example is the environmentally friendly jacket, a product that embodies a commitment to minimizing its ecological footprint. In this essay, we will explore the reasons why this jacket can be considered environmentally friendly. First and foremost, the materials used in the production of this jacket are key contributors to its eco-friendliness. Traditional fashion items often rely on resource-intensive materials like virgin polyester, which is derived from fossil fuels. In contrast, the environmentally friendly jacket employs recycled and sustainable materials. Recycled polyester, for instance, is made from post-consumer plastic bottles, diverting waste from landfills and reducing the need for new raw materials. Additionally, organic cotton, another common component in sustainable fashion, is cultivated without the use of harmful pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, reducing the environmental impact of cotton farming. By incorporating these materials, the jacket minimizes its carbon footprint and contributes to a circular economy.
S
SECOND Review
HAND CamelBak Hydration Pack
A CamelBak bag, a pioneering hydration system, is designed for active individuals. CamelBak bags have become a popular choice among outdoor enthusiasts, ensuring that staying refreshed is never a hassle during your active pursuits. Recycled Materials $110
Patagonia Cotton Down Jacket
A Patagonia jacket represents quality, sustainability, and outdoor performance. They are known for their ethical production practices, making them a favorite among adventurers seeking both style and functionality in their outdoor wear. 100% Recycled Down
SECOND $349
girlfriend collective
Glass Tommy Dress
A sustainable dress embodies eco-conscious fashion, crafted from renewable materials like organic 79% Recycled PWB $88
TheNorthFace
Hedgehog 3 Mid Waterproof Boots
North Face shoes are renowned for their durability and performance in rugged outdoor conditions. superior traction and comfort for
hiking, trekking, and outdoor adventures. 100% Leather Working Group
$145
SecondHand
11
Three reasons why you should start thrifting and why thrifting is better for the environment
G 12
SecondHand
By Shantalle Demirjian
race Miracle, a student at Southern Nazarene University, says that she got into thrifting freshman year because her roommate would go a lot, and she thought it was really cool. “Where I grew up they didn’t have super good thrift stores but when I came to school here, they had a lot better stores and items to choose from. Knowing that I’m never sure of what I’m going to find excites me. There is so much out there it’s like a big treasure box!” Miracle says So how does thrifting help this problem? Thrifting allows you to give these donated clothes a second chance before they hit the landfills. It might not be as convenient as just typing in the clothing article you are looking for to buy online. Instead, however, you will be walking away with a way more unique piece for a fraction of the price as well as knowing that you saved one less item ending up in a landfill. In recent years, second-hand shopping has become a lot more popular. Whether it’s through thrift stores or online resale shops like Poshmark, Depop, and even eBay, the idea of people being able to buy clothing items, home decor, and surprisingly even electronics for a fraction of the price excites people. Who doesn’t like to save money? Truthfully though, saving money is great and is definitely one of the reasons I thrift myself, but thrifting does so much more than allowing you to save money. It’s a great way to shop both sustainably and ethically. Grace Miracle, a student at Southern Nazarene University, says that she got into thrifting freshman year because her roommate would go a lot, and she thought it was really cool.
Photohgraphy Katsume Stoneham
SecondHand
13
Feature
14
SecondHand
“
“
Who doesn’t like to save money? By thrifting, you are no longer supporting these companies directly.
Even if you were to thrift an item that originally came from a fast shipping company, your money will not be supporting that company at all. Thrifting has thankfully become a lot more popular throughout recent years. The amount of clothes that are being produced just to be worn a few times and then thrown away is ridiculous. The same can be said for the unethical practices many clothing companies use. With thrifting, you are giving clothing a second chance before ending up in landfills and no longer supporting unethical clothing companies. Recently there has been a slow uphill battle by the fashion industry to make more sustainable clothing, whether that be from recycled materials like plastic bottles or even recycled clothing and clothing scraps. While this is a good thing, costs are still relatively high, and not many people are going to want to spend $100+ on two articles of clothing just because it’s environmentally friendly. A better alternative would be buying clothing, accessories, or footwear second-hand. What does second-hand mean? Well, it’s synonymous with thrift store shopping. That being said, there are a plethora of reasons why thrifting is better than fast fashion, and not only to save money. Thrifting is good for the environment and the economy. I may be a little biased on this subject, as I’ve been thrift stores nearly my whole life. I may be a little biased on this subject, as I’ve been in and out of thrift stores nearly my whole life. Growing up in a household of five youngsters had its issues. We couldn’t always afford big name brands, and I mean, who can in this economy anyway? Thrifting is a great way to get the most out of your buck and not just with clothing but even furniture and other household appliances. Some thrift stores even
offer student or military discounts, like Goodwill or Dakota Boys and Girls Ranch. Another thing to note is that you can find a lot of great pieces at a thrift store, and sometimes you can even “upcycle” clothing. Upcycling here means taking a piece of clothing and making it more to your liking or more fashionable, which itself allows you to save money. Buying second-hand is sustainable. When you buy clothes from the thrift store, you are, in a way, extending their life-span and giving them a new life. Now the question at hand, why is buying second-hand goods for the environment? First of all, thrifting is good for the environment because it reduces the amount of plastic that ends up at the dump. Did you know that every year nearly 84% of clothing ends up in landfills? Because I certainly didn’t. Thrifting reduces the number of wasted resources that get burnt up from making new clothing or other textile products. If you looked it up, you would find that there is an astronomical amount of water used in textile production that is incredibly wasteful. Specifically, clothing/textile production requires around 9.3 BILLION tons of water annually. A better alternative would be buying clothing, accessories, or footwear second-hand. What does second-hand mean? It’s synonymous with thrift store shopping. That being said, there are a plethora of reasons why thrifting is better than fast fashion, and not only to save money. Thrifting is good for the environment and the economy. I may be a little biased on this subject, as I’ve been thrift stores nearly my whole life. I may be a little biased on this subject, as I’ve been in and out of thrift stores nearly my whole life. In a household of five youngsters had its issues. The rising global population is a multifaceted challenge.
SecondHand
15
The rising popularity of among more wealthy consumers as an alternative to The rising popularity of thrifting
16
buying from sustainable and ethical fashion brands reduces the already limited options available to low-income communities when it comes to clothing. Thrifting no longer carries strong taboos of uncleanliness and poverty as it had in the past. So, in the name of eco-consciousness, many demographics that could afford to splurge on high-quality, low-impact purchases are deciding to thrift instead. Depop is notorious for this—some of its most popular users, who started out simply revamping their wardrobe on the cheap, now go thrifting exclusively to find items to resell for a profit on the app. Furthermore, many individuals exploit their online popularity to make businesses out of reselling thrifted items at marked-up prices. Depop is notorious for this—some of its most popular users, who started out simply revamping their wardrobe on the cheap, now go thrifting exclusively to find items to resell for a profit on the app. Unique and vintage items at affordable prices targeted towards underprivileged and marginalized communities then end up on an online marketplace that serves both consumers looking to dress respectably on a budget and those who are invested in finding a unique look for any price. 19th century industrial revolution, along with making manufacturing and consumption cheaper, created highly populated urban centers that produced large amounts of waste in a limited space. Consequently, central waste management systems were implemented by governments to deal with increasingly consumerist lifestyles and to improve sanitation and health. As waste disposal systems developed in the United States under the likes of pioneers such as Waring in the late
SecondHand
TOP FAST FASHION BRANDS TO AVOID Many fast fashion brands are greenwashing.
1800s. Especially, this is problematic when one considers that the privileged are at an advantage when engaging in such ‘entrepreneurial’ activities, which require the time-consuming practice of sifting through thrift stores and the time-flexibility of being able to visit these stores soon after they are restocked, which working individuals simply do not have. Popular users on the platform, like Bella McFadden aka “Internet Girl” and Celia Hodgson, started off selling unwanted pieces at large markups. One popular seller explains that her sale of a pair of trousers bought at £10 and sold on Depop for £45 was what got her into the business. The time and energy invested by such users into finding rare pieces and curating styles warrants a markup in prices, similar to sneaker resale markets where individuals like Josh Luber stand in queues for days to buy limited edition shoes and resell them for a profit. On the whole, resale apps like Depop and thrifting present an optimistic change. The rise of thrifting entails an increase in donated materials, which requires that the consumer base also increases alongside it in order to prevent excess supply from going to landfills or being sent to the third world, where they saturate clothing markets and prevent the local clothing industries from flourishing. The rise of thrifting entails an increase in donated materials
Depop is notorious for this—some of its most popular users, who started out simply revamping their wardrobe on the cheap, now go thrifting exclusively to find items to resell for a profit on the app. Unique and vintage items at affordable prices targeted towards underprivileged and marginalized communities then end up on an online marketplace that serves both consumers looking to dress respectably on a budget and those who are invested in finding a unique look for any price. 19th century industrial revolution, along with making manufacturing and consumption cheaper, created highly populated urban centers that produced large amounts of waste in a limited space. Consequently, central waste management systems were implemented by governments to deal with increasingly consumerist lifestyles and to improve sanitation and health. As waste disposal systems developed in the United States under the likes of pioneers such as Waring in the late 1800s. One popular seller explains that her sale of a pair of trousers bought at £10 and sold on Depop for £45 was what got her into the business. The time and energy invested by such users into finding rare pieces and curating styles warrants a markup in prices, similar to sneaker resale markets where individuals like Josh Luber stand in queues for days to buy limited edition shoes and resell them for a profit. The rising global population is a multifaceted challenge. While it reflects improved living conditions and longer lifespans, it also strains resources, exacerbates environmental issues, and poses social and economic complexities. Sustainable solutions are imperative to ensure a balanced future where people’s needs are met without compromising the planet’s health.
SecondHand
17
18
SecondHand
Q&A
Q&A with
Taylor Swift Did you know that
Taylor Swift uses the most CO2 out of any celebrity
using 8,293 tonnes
Are there any areas where you might be using more energy than you’d like to admit?
Could you share some examples of where you’ve noticed this excess energy usage?
Well, honestly, I’ve realized that I haven’t been as mindful of my energy consumption as I should be. I lead a busy life, and sometimes I find myself using more energy than necessary, and that’s something I’m working on.
Sure. One area where I could definitely improve is in my touring and stage productions. I’ve been known for my elaborate and energy-intensive concerts with huge sets, dazzling lights, and special effects. While these shows are incredible and entertaining, they do consume a substantial amount of energy, and I’ve come to recognize that.
SecondHand
19
20
SecondHand
Are there any other areas you’re addressing to reduce your carbon emissions?
Have you started making any changes in this regard?
Well, I’m also paying more attention to my travel habits. I’ve recognized that my jet-setting lifestyle can be quite energy-intensive. While I can’t completely eliminate air travel, I’m trying to minimize it by exploring virtual options for meetings and collaborations. It’s a work in progress.
Yes, I'm in the process of reevaluating the way I approach my live performances. I'm exploring more energy-efficient lighting and stage setups to reduce power consumption without compromising the quality of the show. I'm also looking into eco-friendly alternatives for various elements of my production.
What message would you like to send to your fans and the public about your efforts to reduce your energy usage?
What about your personal life?
I want to say that we all have room for improvement, and it’s crucial to recognize where we might be using more energy than we should. Sustainability is a journey, and we’re all on it together. I hope my fans can join me in making more conscious choices to reduce our carbon footprint and protect our planet.
Absolutely. I’ve realized that I’ve been quite extravagant with my energy usage at home, sometimes leaving lights on when they aren’t needed, or keeping the air conditioning running excessively. I’m making a conscious effort to be more efficient, turning off lights, using programmable thermostats, and investing in energy-efficient appliances. Are there any other areas you’re addressing to reduce your carbon emissions? Well, I’m also paying more attention to my travel habits. I’ve recognized that my jet-setting lifestyle can be quite energy-intensive. While I can’t completely eliminate air travel, I’m trying to minimize it by exploring virtual options for meetings and collaborations. It’s a work in progress. What message would you like to send to your fans and the public about your efforts to reduce your energy usage? I want to say that we all have room for improvement, and it’s crucial to recognize where we might be using more energy than we should. Sustainability is a journey, and we’re all on it together. I hope my fans can join me in making more conscious choices to reduce our carbon footprint and protect our planet.
SecondHand
21
22
SecondHand
Clean with purpose.
tentree.com
Every Purchase Made
Plants Ten Trees
seventhgeneration.com
SecondHand
23
HEALTH ADE TROPICAL PUNCH
Cold Pressed Organic Pineapple Juice, Organic Mango Puree, Organic Black Tea, Organic Green Tea, Kombucha Culture
ORGANIC NON-GMO GLUTEN FREE VEGAN
health-ade.com SecondHand
25
a new way to
COMPOST SUSTAINABLY By Megan Marples
T
his food recycling process does not have as great an impact as other climate-saving measures such as throwing away less food, but it’s still an important practice, said Dana Gunders, executive director at ReFED, a nonprofit that focuses on how to reduce food waste in the United States. Food scraps produce harmful greenhouse gases in a landfill and little to none in a compost pile, Gunders said. Food waste accounted for 24% of trash sent to landfills – that volume is more than any other type of everyday garbage material, according to a 2018 report from the United States Environmental Protection Agency. There will always be food scraps like banana peels, so you can prevent nutrients from being lost in the landfill by composting and using the soil in your backyard, Gunders said. When you compost, the nutrients return to the soil for further use. When it goes to a landfill, the nutrients are trapped among the trash and doesn’t help anything grow. “When you add up those scraps around the country, it’s quite a lot of material,” she said. The art of composting involves mixing the correct ratios of organic matter like food and yard waste with nitrogen, carbon, moisture (like water), and air to accelerate the decomposition of unwanted scraps. That’s according to Sally Brown, research associate professor in the School of Forest Resources at the University of Washington in Seattle. This environment lets microbes eat the compost contents quickly, turning it into very fertile soil, she said. It takes
SecondHand
26
anywhere from four to six months for the matter to decompose. A compost pile needs to heat up to about 131 degrees Fahrenheit (55 degrees Celsius) to decompose properly, so in warmer climates like Florida it takes less time to break down than in colder climates like Seattle, according to Brown. The soil can be used to grow new plants or to nourish plants already growing, which completes the food cycle, she said. Composting has gotten a bad rap for smelling, but it shouldn’t stink if done correctly, according to Brown. When a compost pile isn’t properly aerated, it’s because it’s anaerobic, meaning oxygen isn’t reaching the pile, she said.
“
Food waste accounts for 24% of trash sent to landfills – that volume is more than any type of garbage material.
“
This is one of the reasons why landfills harm the environment. The waste in landfills is stored under anaerobic conditions because the trash is tightly compacted with little space for oxygen, so the organic material in them creates multiple gases, half of which is methane, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Incredibly potent greenhouse that has around 80 times more warming power than carbon dioxide in its first couple of decades in the atmosphere. And it’s responsible for about
a third of the climate crisis, according to the United Nations Environment Programme. US landfills released about 109.3 million metrics tons of the carbon dioxide equivalent of methane in 2020, which is around 16.8% of US methane emissions created by humans, according to the EPA. US landfills released about 109.3 million metrics tons of the carbon dioxide equivalent of methane in 2020, which is around 16.8% of US methane emissions created by humans, according to the EPA. Luckily, it’s easy to prevent compost from producing methane. When a pile is aerated, meaning it’s exposed to oxygen, methane-producing microbes are not active, so methane is not created, according to the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development in the Government of Western Australia.Composters should turn a pile every two to five weeks to keep it aerated, according to the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Brown materials such as dead plants help aerate the mixture, so having a sufficient amount of those in the pile can help too, said Nena Shaw, acting division director of the Resource Conservation and Sustainability Division in the Office of Land and Emergency Management at the EPA. At-home vs. commercial composting There are multiple composting methods such as backyard composting, according to the EPA.Compost bins should be set up in a dry, shady area, the environmental agency said. Then, add in a combination of brown materials such as dead leaves and green material such as grass clippings and moisten them.
top of the pile to lock in the moisture and turn the pile when needed until the bottom material looks dark, which means it’s ready to use as soil. “I love gardening, and so I think what got me into it is the ability to have nutrients for the garden,” Gunders said. Composting also brings awareness to the environment and the natural cycle of food growth and waste, she said. When learning to compost, invest in a compost tumbler, Gunders recommended. The bin rotates like a washing machine, making it easy to aerate. The Old Farmer’s Almanac offers a composting guide that includes how to set up a pile and what can and can’t be composted. SolarButterfly in Switzerland on June 1, 2022. A butterfly-shaped trailer is taking a round-the-world trip — powered entirely by the sun. If the do-it-yourself method seems too difficult, many cities offer composting services that pick up people’s organic scraps then compost it at a commercial facility. If you’re concerned about the footprint of such services, vehicles emit multiple gases, but the majority is carbon dioxide, according to the Green Vehicle Guide. And because methane is so much more potent than carbon dioxide, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted from a vehicle.
SecondHand
27