Energy Audit Report

ASSI GNMENT 2:ENERGY AUDI T E-REPORT ENERGY AND ARCHI TECTURE (ARC61904)

PREPARED BY:WOO WAIKEE |0337733 TUTOR:DR SI TINORZAI NIZAI NAL ABI DI N

01|I NTRODUCTI ON TO CONTEXT Locati on: Vistaria

02 |CLI MATE PROFI LE SUN PATH & WI ND ROSE

Condomi ni um, Jal an Kenari , Tmn. Desari a, Desari a Sg. Ara 11900, Sg.Ara.Pul au Pi nang.

Sun Path

Bui l di ng Type:10 storey condominium

Wi nd Rose

The l onger f acade i s

The hi ghest prevai l i ng

f aci ng

t o

wi nd i sf rom t he Nort h-

maxi mi se exposure t o

East di rect i on. Due t o

t he

t he posi t i oni ng of t he

t he

East

morni ng

Hori zont al

Coordi nates:5.

317613166767195,100.

26468768444015

shadi ng

bal cony and

wi ndows

devi ces i nt he f orm of

f aci ng East ,t he uni ti s

overhangs

wel l vent i l at ed, hence

were

presenti nt hatf acade.

reduci ng t he need f or

The West f acade i s

usi ng HVAC syst ems

shaded

SI TE STUDY

sun.

by

l arge

overhangs as i t i s a wal kway space

Surroundi ng Context The si t ei sl ocat ed ata hi l l y area ofSungai

SHADOW STUDY Morni ng

Af ternoon

Eveni ng

4th Nov 2021|10: 00AM |GMT+8 Al ti tude Angl e -7.

48° | Azi muth Angl e 38.

13 °

4th Nov 2021|2: 00PM |GMT+8 Al ti tude Angl e -16.

92° | Azi muth Angl e 96.

48 °

4th Nov 2021|6: 00PM |GMT+8 Al ti tude Angl e -25.

10° | Azi muth Angl e 158.

05 °

Sunl i ght shi nes di rect l yi nt o t he space vi a t he East wi ndows, heat i ng up t he space i nsi de wi t h t he hi ghest i nt ensi t y not ed around 11am.

Af t ernoon sun shi nesdi rect l yabove t he condomi ni um, i t s sol ar radi at i on heat i ng up t he roof

Eveni ng sun i s shaded by t he parki ng l ot and t rees f rom t he park area , hence t he condomi ni um recei ves zero di rectsunl i ght

Ara. Surrounded by dense veget at i on, t he area i s nat ural l y bu ered by t rees on t he East ern regi on. Locat ed near t ot he mai n road ofJl n.Kenari ,ci rcul at i on and access are very conveni ent .Nearby i nf rast ruct ure are a church, resi dent i al 3 st orey semi det ached houses,a f ood courtand shopl ot s

CLI MATI C STUDY

House Context Thewestf acadeoft heapart menthasl arget reespl ant ed i nf rontt o nat ural l yshadeagai nstt hesun, al t hough notf ul l y shadi ng t he upperl evel s.Smal l ert rees were pl ant ed att he back f acade,so t hey do notprovi de adequat e shadi ng.

Temperature & Preci pi tati on

Preci pi tati on Amount

I n Bayan Lepas,t he weat heri shotand humi df ort he maj ori t yoft he yearwi t ht he hi ghestt emperat ure recorded t o be 33 degree cel ci usduri ng t hehot t estdays.On t heot herhand,t emperat urecan f al lt o asl ow as22degreecel ci usduri ng t hecol destni ght s.

Nort h El evat i on Scal e 1: 250

WestEl evat i on Scal e 1: 250

Preci pi t at i on amountaverage at100m permont h.I tcan reach up t o 200mm duri ng rai ny seasons f rom Sept embert o December.

04 |I NDOOR CLI MATE

03 |FACADE STUDY MATERI ALI TY

Pl ast ered whi t e st ucco

Met alSheetRoof i ng -

300mm t hi ck bri ck wal l

0.

4 W/(m² K)

-2.

4 W/(m² K)

Morni ng

Eveni ng

Af ternoon Temp.(° C)

Temp.(° C)

Duri ng t he morni ng, t he hot t est

Duri ng t he af t ernoon, t he bal cony

Duri ng

space woul d be t he bal cony, as i t

woul d be t he hot t estspace wi t ht he

si gni f i cantdrop i nt emperat ure wi t h

f aces di rect l y t owards t he East .

sun

t he average t emperat ure of 26 ° C

Fol l owed

Addi t i onal l y,t here i s an i ncrease i n

Temp.(° C)

Concret e f l oor sl abAl umi ni um

1.

67 W/(m² K) Locat i on ofmy uni t

gl ass

f ramed

wi ndow-

5.

8

W/(m² K)

SHADI NG DEVI CES The overhang above

The

t he wi ndows of t he

short er

mast er bedroom and

above,hence does not

bedroom

benef i t

2

benef i t

bal cony

has

a

overhang as

much

i mmensel y f rom

t he

compared

t o

t he

shadi ng

t he

overhangs

of

t he

duri ng

af t ernoon sunl i ght as

by

l i vi ng

area

and

angl e

di rect l y

above

i t .

bedroomswhi ch are al so f aci ng East ,

t emperat ure i n t he bat h 2 and t he

butdue t ot he overhangs,i tredi rect s

bedroom

and ref l ectsome heatradi at i on away

ref l ect i ng o

t he eveni ng, t here i s a

across mostspaces

spaces due t o t he sun t he al umi ni um roof of

t he carpark bel ow

05 |DAYLI GHT I LLUMI NANCE ANALYSI S

bedrooms

i t bl ocks most of t he

I LLUMI NANCE CONTOUR

heatradi at i on

LuxLevel

WestEl evat i on (Back Facade)

There

are

some

l ouvers at t he t op f l oor

The f rontf acade does not

have

overhangs

wi ndow l i ke

of

apart ment ,

t he whi ch

hel pt o shade agai nst

t he

t he eveni ng sun

backf acade,however,

Duri ng t he morni ng,t he i l l umi nance l eveloft he l i vi ng,di ni ng and bedroom

t hey are not needed

areas are su i ci ent,al t hough wi t ht he ki t chen area and bat h room needi ng

as t hey are shaded by

art i f i ci al l i ght i ng. I n t he af t ernoon, t he i l l umi nance l evel i s sl i ght l y

t rees i n f ront of t he

decreased, butdoes nota ectmuch vi si bi l i t y.I nt he eveni ng,t he i l l umi nance

mai n st reet

EastEl evat i on (FrontFacade)

of t he west f acade i ncreases a l i t t l e f or t he bat h room and ki t chen, but ot herwi se,mostspaces woul d requi re art i f i ci all i ght i ng

06 |AUDI T REPORT

ENERGY USAGE FOR EACH ROOM Based on t he graph oft he l ef t ,t he amountofenergy consumed perhourf oreach roomsi nt he condomoni um uni tf or weekdays and weekends i ndi cat es t hatt he ki t chen consumes t he mostenergy f ol l owed by t he mast erbed room and t hel i vi ng room.Theki t chen consumest hemostenergyduet ot hemanyhi gh energyconsumi ng appl i ancesused such as t he el et ri c ket t l e,wahi ng machi ne and t he ri ce cooker.Moreover,t he mast erbed room energy consumpt i on i s mai nl yf rom t he use oft he ai rcondi t i onerwhi l et he l i vi ng room i s due t oi tbei ng a space wi t ht he mosthappeni ngs.

There i s onl y a sl i ghtdecrease i n enrgy consumpt i on i nt he weekend f ormostrooms expectf ort he l i vi ng and my bedroom (bedroom 2)as more occupant s use t he l i vi ng area and Iuse my room much l onger

(Readi ngs i n kWh)

07 |ENERGY & BI LL CALCULATI ON BI LL CALCULATI ON

TOP 9 ENERGY CONSUMI NG APPLI ANCES Energy Bi l lCal cul ati on

W aterBi l lCal cul ati on Comsumpti on rate: Currentmet erreadi ng -Previ ous met erreadi ng =1641-1563 =78m³ Average dai l y consumpti on: Compt i on rat e x 1000 / Days i n t he mont h =(78m³x1000)/31Days = 2516 l i t res Average dai l y consumpti on per person: Compt i on rat e x 1000 / Days i n t he mont h xNo.ofpeopl e =(78m³x1000)/(31Days x4) =629 l i t res

The appl i ance wi t ht he hi ghestenergyconsumpti on i nt he apart mentpermont hi st he water heaterf orbat hi ng wi t h an average dai l y usage of30 mi nut es perperson,f or4 occupant s.

The second hi ghest energy consumpt i on appl i ance i sf ol l owed by t he hai r dryer,wi t h an average dai l yusage of15 mi nut esperperson,f or4 occupant s.Appl i ancest hatf al lundert he HVAC cat agory are vast l y used i n t he condomoni um uni t . As t here are t wo uni versi t y st udent s,a f ul l t i me whi t e col l ar worker and a housewi f e,comput ers and l apt ops are al so const ant l y bei ng used

Top Appl i ances Monthl y Energy Usage

1

W ater heat er

4

30%

7%

oft ot al energy used

2

H a ir Dryer

oft ot al energy used

5

oft ot al energy used

oft ot al energy used

El etri c Ket t l e

12%

oft ot al energy used

Washi ng Machi ne

5%

18%

3

Ai r Condi t i oner

6

Ri ce Cooker

2%

oft ot al energy used

08 |ENERGY CONSUMPTI ON PATTERN ENERGY CONSUMPTI ON

ENERGY USAGE COMPARI SON Notmuch energy duri ng t he noon,

W eekdays Usage:

More

l ei sure

act i vi t i es

as l unch i s usual l y bought f rom

duri ng t he weekends l i ke

out si de

wat chi ng TV

13.

453kWh x5 +

W eekends Usage: 15.

582 kWh x2 =

W eekl y Usage:

Fat her

at t ends

onl i ne

church

servi ce

every

sunday,hence usi ng more

Spi ke i n energyduri ng t he eveni ng

energy

due t o cooki ng and preparat i on of di nner

duri ng

weekdays

and

weekends

98.

429 kWh x4 =

Mont hl y Usage: 393.

716 kWh The graph shows t he compari son ofenergy usage bet ween t he weekdays and weekends.Due t ot he currentpandemi c,bot h energy usage pat t ern are f ai rl y si mi l aras t he vari at i on ofact i vi t i es i sl i mi t ed and rest ri ct ed t ot he conf i nes oft he condomi ni um uni tspace.Moreover,no exponent i alordrast i c di erence i s recorded.The pat t erns are i dent i cal ,wi t h some sl i ghtdi erence not i ced duri ng t he ni ghtwhen sl eepi ng orworki ng l at e atni ght ,hence causi ng a shi f ti nt he l i ne graph duri ng t he weekends

HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTI ON PATTERN

CARBON EMI SSI ONS

Tot alCO² Emi ssi ons 1.

34 Tonne Co²

W eekday

W eekday

El ect ri ci t y

Wat er

Pet rol

34.

3 Trees

362 kWh

78 m³

RM100

needed t o absorb

COEmi ssi on

COEmi ssi on

COEmi ssi on

251.

228 KgCo²

952.

51KgCo²

158.

484 KgCo²

t ot alCOemi ssi on

09 |ENERGY SYSTEM & U-VALUE ROOF & WALL

U-VALUE Bri ckwal lcementpl astered and pai nted on both si des

Met aldeck roofwi t h st eelt russes

A lum inium f ramed

gl ass 150mm t hi ck

wi ndow

brickw all pl ast ered

&

pai nt ed bot h

R. C col umn

si des

R. C sl ab R. C beam

R. Cf oot i ng

Metaldeck roofwi th i nsul ati on

EastSect i on Scal e 1: 600 Met alDeckRoofWi t hI nsul t at i on

Met alroofsheet

The roofoft he bui l di ng has a U-val ue M ineral

of 0.

239 W/m K,whi ch i sl ower t han

woolbat t

t he

requi rement st at ed

i n

UBBL

Cl ause 38A. Hence i ti s e ect i ve t o mi ni mi ze heatgai n oft he bui l di ng t o provi de t hermalcomf ort

Wi re mesh Al umi ni um f oi l St eeldecki ng

RoofDet ai l s Br i ckwal l Cement Pl ast er ed & Ext eri orpai nt

20mm cement pl ast er

Pai nt ed OnBot hSi des The wal loft he bui l di ng has a U-val ue of 2.

484 W/m K, whi ch i sl ower t han t he e ect i ve U-val ue f or wal l s.Hence

EXTERI OR

I NTERI OR

i ti s e ect i ve t o mi ni mi ze heatgai n of t he

Bri ckwal l

I nt eri orpai nt

Wal lDet ai l s

bui l di ng

comf ort

t o

provi de

t hermal

10 |OCCUPANCY BEHAVI OR

11|ENERGY SAVI NG POTENTI AL STRATEGI ES

HOUSEHOLD OCCUPANTS

BEHAVI ORAL STRATEGI ES,I NNOVATI VE I NSTALLATI ONS

Father

Brother

Mother

Me

O i ce Worker

Uni versi t y st udent

Housewi f e

Archi t ect ure st udent

USE ENERGY EFFI CI ENT APPLI ANCES

SHARED W ORKSPACE

Repl ace appl i ances t o 5 energy st ar rat ed

Havi ng a shared workspacei nt hel i vi ng room

appl i ances as t hey are at 80% more e i ci ent at

space t o work t oget her can cut t he cost of

powerconsumpt i on

energy consumpt i on as everyone shares t he same l i ght i ng and cool i ng devi ces

ng Morni

ACTI VI TY

APPLI ANCE

Dad wakes up earl y at6am i n

Lapt op, ki t chen

t he morni ng t o work onl i ne

l i ght s and cei l i ng f an

and

at t end

AERATED SHOW ERHEAD

LOW FLOW FAUCET

appl i ances,

busi ness

meet i ngs. My mot her woul d wake up at8am and getready t o make breakf ast whi l e me and mybrot herwoul d wakeup

ght dni ght-Mi Ni

ng ternoon -Eveni Af

around 10 am

ACTI VI TY

APPLI ANCE

I n t he af t ernon, t he di ni ng

Lapt op,

areawoul d beut i l i zed moreas

cei l i ng f an, chargi ng deci ves,

we have l unch t oget her. My

t el evi si on

ki t chen

appl i aces,

dad woul d cont i nue worki ng af t erwards whi l st my mom

To reduce up t o 50% l esser wat er use duri ng

To f i xt he wat erf l owi ng speed notmore t han

shower

6l i t erpermi nut es

LED LI GHT

woul d do her dai l y house

SUN DRI ED CLOTHES

chores. Me and my brot her woul d st artourst udi es t oo

ACTI VI TY

APPLI ANCE

Preparat i on ofdi nnerst art sat

Lapt op,

6pm, and t hen t he whol e

cei l i ng f an, chargi ng deci ves,

f ami l y

t el evi si on,

gat her

around

f or

di nner at 8pm. Af t er t hat ,

ki t chen l i ght ,

appl i aces, washi ng

machi ne,wat erheat er

l ei sure act i vi t i es woul d carry on i nt he l i vi ng room.Iwoul d bat he and t hen cont i nue my

To benef i tf rom i t s energy savi ng of65-80% wi t ha

Usi ng t he sun t o dry cl ot hes hel ps save

work i n my room

great erCRIi ndex.I thas t ypi cal l y 3.

15 t i mes l onger

energy on rel yi ng on dryi ng appl i ances

l i f espan t han bul bs

11|ENERGY SAVI NG POTENTI AL STRATEGI ES PROPOSED SOLUTI ONS PROPOSAL 1:I NTERNAL SHADI NG DEVI CE

VEGETATI ON-LAYER 1 To cooldown wi ndward wi nd bef ore ent eri ng t he bui l di ng.I t al so act s as a part i alshadi ng devi ce f or i nt eri orspaces

LOW E-GLASS DOUBLE GLAZI NG-LAYER 2 Repl aci ng si ngl e pane gl azi ng ofEastf aci ng wi ndowswi t hl ow e doubl e gl azi ng wi t h a u-val ue of1.

2W/m K. I tcan reduce heatgai ni nt he f orm ofUV rays by 40-70%

Low E-Gl ass

Veget at i on

DOUBLE CURTAI N-LAYER 3 As a manualshadi ng devi ce t hatcan cont rolt he dayl i ghti nt ensi t y by 20-50% or100%

Double Curt ai n

PROPOSAL 2:I NTERI OR FI NI SHI NG Wood Fi ni shi ng & Furni shi ng

W HI TE HEAT REDUCTI VE PAI NT W ALL FI NI SH Li ghtCol oured Fl oorFi ni sh

As a ref l ect i ve l ayert o ref l ectsol arradi at i on t o reduce t he use ofl i ght i ng by 25%.I ti s al so more e i ci ent atnotret ai ni ng heatcompared t o ot hercol oured wal lpai nt

LOW REFLECTI VI TY FLOOR FI NI SH To reduce t he di rectheatgai nf rom t he sun radi at i on i nt he condomi ni um t hatcan i ncrease heatt ransf er

W OOD FURNI SHI NG Sel ect i on ofwooden f urni shi ng does notonl y provi de aest het i c val ue,butal so i s a mat eri alt hati s a good heati nsul at or

PROPOSAL 3:MECHANI CAL VENTI LATI ON

Cool erAi rEnt ers

EXHAUST FAN (FTX SYSTEM)

ExhaustAnd Suppl y Ai r Vent i l at i on wi t h HeatRecovery

Wat erHumi d Ai rEscapes

To creat e a pressure di erence bet ween t he i nt eri orand t he ext eri ort hrough exhaustvent i l at i on syst em 1.Loweri nt eri orpressure produced 2.Warm humi d ai rt rapped are exert ed out 3.Fresh coolai rf rom t he ext eri ori si nt roduced I tcan reduce t he energy consumpt i on f orvent i l at i on by 9-21%

12 |REFERENCES 1 .Ener gyCal cul at or .Ret r i evedf r om:ht t ps: //www. myt nb. com. my/r esi dent i al /under st andyour bi l l /bi l l cal cul at or

HOUSEHOLD OCCUPANTS

2.Car bonCal cul at or .Ret r i evedf r om:ht t p: //gr eent echmal aysi a. my/car boncal cul at or / 3.Met eobl ue.Ret r i evedf r om:ht t ps: //www. met eobl ue. com/en/weat her /hi st or ycl i mat e/cl i mat emodel l ed/kampungsungai ar a_mal aysi a_1 7641 60 4.SunPat h:Ret r i evedf r om:ht t ps: //dr aj mar sh. bi t bucket . i o/sunpat h2d. ht ml 5.UBBL.Ret r i evedf r om:ht t ps: //j kt . kpkt . gov. my/si t es/def aul t /f i l es/201 906/1 a. %20Uni f or m%20Bui l di ng%20ByLaws%201 984K. GN_.

51 78_1 984. pdf 6.I cons.Ret r i evedf r om:ht t ps: //t henounpr oj ect . com/ 7.Anon.( n. d. ) .Powerconsumpt i onoft ypi calhousehol dappl i ances.Daf tLogi c.Ret r i evedNovember1 8,2021 ,f r om ht t ps: //www. daf t l ogi c. com/i nf or mat i onappl i ancepower consumpt i on. ht m.

8.Desi gni ngBui l di ngs.( n. d. ) .UVal ues.Uval ueCal cul at i on.Ret r i evedNovember1 4,2021 ,f r om ht t ps: //www. desi gni ngbui l di ngs. co. uk/wi ki /Uval ues.

9.Anon.( n. d. ) .Wat ersavi ngt i ps.TheEdenPr oj ect .Ret r i evedNovember1 2,2021 ,f r om ht t ps: //www. edenpr oj ect . com/l ear n/edenat home/wat er savi ngt i ps.

1 0.Ener gySage.( 2021 ,August7) .Ener gyconser vat i on:1 0Wayst oSaveEner gy.Ener gySage.Ret r i evedNovember1 2,2021 ,f r om ht t ps: //www. ener gysage. com/ener gyei ci ency/1 01 /wayst osaveener gy/.