Nevada Rancher Magazine January 2020

Oldest Independent Livestock Monthly in Nevada $3.00

Surviving the Cold

January, 2020 Volume L, Number 1

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hope you all had a Merry Christmas. With the end of a great 2019 year, I would like to thank all of you for your support of Nevada Rancher Magazine this past year.

A new year brings time to reflect on what we are thankful for and to set resolutions for the upcoming year.

For 2020, one of my resolutions is to travel more!

The past month, the Nevada Rancher team had a great time at the Nevada Cattlemen’s Association Convention.

The magazine was also distributed at the New Years Bronc Bash and team branding hosted by Outlaw Broncs.

This issue’s theme is “Surviving the

Cold.” We have mama cows calving this time of year. Some of our personal ranching tips for cold weather survival is to feed livestock near windbreaks or covers, such as willows and tall brush, to shield from the cool breezes.

Also, feeding a little extra hay on the coldest days helps keep the cows warmer. We recently introduced an electric calf warmer box for the calves we bring in who get a bit too chilled.

Cheers to a new year! I pray your feet stay warm, your cattle stay healthy and the mountains stay snow-packed.

I hope you enjoy this issue.

— Ashley

The Nevada Rancher (ISSN 0047-9489) (USPS #003-257) Published monthly at Winnemucca Publishing, 1022 S. Grass Valley Road, Winnemucca, NV 89445 Call us toll free at (866) 644-5011 Periodical Postage Paid at Winnemucca, 89445 Publisher: Peter Bernhard Editor: Ashley Buckingham Staff Writer: Jennifer Whiteley Contributors Heather Smith Thomas, David Glaser, Jolyn Young, Sarah Hummel Sales Representative: Ashley Buckingham Office Manager: Tracy Wadley Graphic Design: Lauren Solinger Production Coordinators: Adam Trumble, Brad Bancroft, Kevin MacMillan The Nevada Rancher does not assume responsibility for statements by advertisers nor products advertised within, and The Nevada Rancher does not assume responsibility for opinions expressed in articles submitted for publication. The publisher reserves the right to accept or reject advertising or editorial material submitted for publication. Contents in The Nevada Rancher may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including, but not limited to original contents and original composition of all ads (layout and artwork) without prior written permission. Subscription rate: $16.00 per year. All content copyrighted, January 2020.

COURTESY PHOTO

Pictured is Nevada Rancher Magazine Staff Writer Jennifer Whiteley, along with Editor and Sales Representative Ashley Buckingham and BobiRose Buckingham, at the booth during the Nevada Cattlemen’s Convention.

Inside this issue: Combating Seasonal Depression Disorder - pg. 10 Preparing Your Cattle for Harsh Winter Temps - pg. 12 Bull Sale Reports - pg. 24 Nevada Cattlewomen Host Field Day - pg. 30

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: The Nevada Rancher, Winnemucca Publishing, 1022 S. Grass Valley Road, Winnemucca, NV 89445

The Challenge of Managing First-Calf Heifers - pg. 35 Cover Photo By: Mandy Frank This photo — titled “Moving cows in Winter range” — was shot by Mandy Frank in Lysite, Wyoming. It won the cover image competition hosted recently on the NV Rancher Magazine Facebook page.

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

Hello from cow country

Looking Back on a Successful Year

H

appy New Year! I hope everyone enjoyed a blessed holiday season with family and friends.

I’ve never been one to make New Year’s resolutions but it is a good time to reflect back on the past year and make plans for the year ahead.

As an industry, we always seem to be a “next year” kind of group. “The market wasn’t too good this year, but next year…” “Sure was dry this year, next year will be better!” So once again, we start the New Year with hope and optimism and we will see how it goes.

The NCA wrapped up a busy year with another successful convention. Thank you to all our booth and trade show participants for your support and attendance.

Our committee meetings were very well attended with a lot of constructive discussion.

The marketing session seemed to be a highlight for many.

At this year’s awards banquet, we recognized a number of individuals for their support, service and dedication to our industry.

I did hear a comment from a convention attendee not directly connected to NCA that there sure was a lack of younger cattlemen. It is an issue we’ve discussed for many years with no real solution.

We are fortunate to have a pool of younger, smart and talented individuals in our state who could be a real asset to our association. We all need to

encourage the younger generations to be involved and engaged. We need them for the future and will be stronger if they join us now.

The NCA New Year is always busy and starts with the NCBA National Convention in San Antonio. Nevada will be well represented at this national meeting.

We are fortunate to have representation on both the NCBA executive committee through Joe Guild and the NCBA Public Lands Committee through JJ Goicoechea. It is always a great event if you are able to attend.

Don’t forget to mark your calendars for the Fallon Bull sale in February. This is a primary fundraiser for the NCA and is always well supported. Our spring board meeting will be held that Friday and I encourage all board members to attend.

If you are a fan of New Year’s resolutions, here are a few to consider: ■ Recruit new members ■ Be more involved in our association ■ Educate yourself on current issues ■ Be part of the solution I wish you all a happy, healthy and prosperous New Year!

Tom Barnes President, Nevada Cattlemen’s Association

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Remembering Our Loved Ones Frederick Emil Buckingham November 23, 1923 — December 2, 2019 “Fritzie” passed from this life nine days after his 96th birthday. He was born in Sacramento, California, to Frederick Charles and Louise Rose Marty Buckingham. He and older sister, Josephine, spent their childhoods on the original pioneer family ranch in Paradise Valley, Nevada.

Fritzie’s love of animals began with his chores of milking the cows, feeding the chickens, and working with the horses. He was very involved in Humboldt County 4-H where he showed his prize-winning purebred Herefords. At age 14 he engaged in his livestock breeding enterprise with only $22 of borrowed money. He had the goal of bringing better breeding stock to Nevada ranchers. He traveled to San Francisco, Carson City and Reno selling and showing his top prized baby beef.

Fritzie ranched until 1944 when the U.S. Army had other plans. He served two years in the Pacific stationed in Cebu City, Philippines, as a mechanic. This training would serve him well in his farming and ranching career. He returned home to Paradise Valley and purchased the Fort Scott Ranch on Cottonwood Creek. Here, he and wife, Sally Oliver, raised their family. The fishing was good and so were the friendships.

He later moved across Hinkey Summit Road, purchasing the Bar X Ranch with

son and partner Bob, where he worked into his 90’s. He especially enjoyed irrigating the meadows and baling hay. He was the first rancher in the valley to use a hay baler rather than putting up hay by hand with a hay rake and derrick.

Everyone knew how much Fred loved his dogs and how loyal they were to him.

He called them his cowboys, as they were with him herding cattle, irrigating, and later in life walking down to the creek with him to see how the water was running. It was not unusual for a passerby to see him in his ranch pickup with all his dogs, either sitting beside him in the cab or lined up in the back watching for jack rabbits.

Grampa was preceded in death by infant son, Daniel. He is survived by daughter Diana Lasa and her family: Angela Lasa and Bob Crenshaw, Hank and Troy; Ray and Jessica Lasa, Dominic, Anthony, Maryanna; Erin Lasa, Raymond, Juan, Isabella; son Bob and Kathy Buckingham and their family: Alison and Brandon Kobayashi, Eli, Emi, Ari; Ashley

Carl “Pop” James Carl was born Oct. 16, 1940 to Virgil and Lou Addie James in Lamesa, TX. Carl passed away Nov. 28th 2019 at the V.A. Hospital in Reno.

Carl served in Korea before going onto a Ranch in Colville, CA and work at the Pack Station in Mammoth, CA for many

Conner Clay McGowan It is with great sadness and grief that we share the passing of Conner Clay McGowan, aged 19. Conner was an amazing young man full of hope and excitement for the future. That excitement was cut short on Sunday night, November 10, 2019, in a car accident coming home from work north of Elko, Nevada.

Life will not be the same without the brightness of Conner’s smile in our lives.

His brightness was seen in his love for horses, dirt bikes and hunting. His sense of humor came out in all aspects, whether it was riding his horse, riding his dirt bikes, four wheeling, hunting or tearing apart an engine. Conner’s love and attention to detail allowed him to fix and create many beautiful things in his short life.

Conner was born on April 12, 2000, in Fallon, Nevada where he graduated from Churchill County High School. He received a full ride scholarship to the MTC program at Great Basin College in Elko where he graduated in May of 2019 with an AA in Diesel Mechanics. Conner’s

Buckingham, BobiRose; sister, Josephine Dickinson (100 years young), brother Kenneth and nieces and nephews.

The family would like to thank the staff of Harmony Manor for their compassionate care of Dad for the past three years.

Respecting his wishes, there will be no services. To remember Fritzie, give your dog a loving pat on the head.

years, finally settling in Lovelock, NV the last 24 years.

He was preceded in death by his parents, his sisters, Noma Gay and Peggy Joy and brothers Virgil Thomas and Neil Williams James.

He is survived by his wife of 40 years Cindy, his sisters Lula, Ruth, Anita,

Maurice, Mareen and Julie, his son Tim his daughters Crystal and Wendy, grandchildren Lyndsey, Shailynn, Sierra and Carson. Great grandchildren Tripp and Finesse, and by many cousins, nieces, nephews and life long friends, and his loyal friend and companion his dog Loretta.

hard work paid off and he got a job as a drift mechanic working for Small Mine Development.

Conner is survived by his parents, Terrance and Katy; his brother, Trey McGowan and Sarah Johnson; Grandmother, Sonya Johnson; Grandfather, Curtis McGowan; and Grandparents Joe and Dee Rodriguez. Conner was a 6th generation Nevadan on both sides of the family. Conner’s bright smile positively impacted the lives of family and friends everywhere he went. He will be dearly missed by everyone that had the privilege of knowing him.

Services were held on Saturday, November 16, 2019, at The Gardens Funeral Home, 2949 Austin Highway, in Fallon, Nevada.

In honor of Conner’s life, all sale proceeds at Stone Cabin Coffee in Fallon, Nevada on Friday, November 15th, went to the McGowan Family.

Conner will continue to live on in the hearts and memories of his family and friends.

PHOTO: GETTY IMAGES

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

Marian Sorensen January 12, 1935 — November 22, 2019 Our beloved wife, mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother returned to Heavenly Father on November 22, 2019. Marian Potter was born January 12, 1935, in Salt Lake City, to Emerson Henry Potter and Ruth Lillian Petersen Potter.

Marian and her two sisters, Carole and Margy, and her brother, Gordon, were reared in mining camps in Utah, Nevada, and Idaho. Marian attended Brigham Young University, earning a bachelor’s degree in English.

She met Von Loyd Sorensen in June 1957, and the couple were married in the Salt Lake Temple in December 1957. They purchased the Eddie Murphy ranch in Secret Pass, about 40 miles east of Elko, and reared 10 children while raising sheep and cattle.

Marian was a devoted member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. She served in numerous Church callings, and she and Von served six full-time missions together, the last one as Temple President and Matron of the Guadalajara Mexico Temple. They then moved to Salt Lake City and served in the Salt Lake Temple before moving to Orem and later to Provo, Utah.

A gifted speaker and writer, her love of literature was evident in her talks and writings. For several years, she wrote a weekly newspaper column entitled Wandering Down a Country Lane, which was published in The Wells Progress.

She also chronicled her and Von’s missions, researched and documented family histories, and wrote weekly letters to her children and grandchildren who were away at college or on missions.

Michael Leonard Capurro Michael Leonard Capurro passed away November 6, 2019 at his beloved home, Big Canyon Ranch with his family and faithful Australian Shepherd “Ivy” at his side.

Mike was born on March 6, 1959, to Herbert and Dolores (Dalton) Capurro at St. Mary’s Hospital in Reno, Nevada.

He attended the last one room schoolhouse in Washoe County, Bonham School in Flanigan, NV until it closed in 1969.

He graduated from Reed High School in 1977.

Mike was a lifelong cattle rancher working alongside his family at Big Canyon.

His footprint on the ranch by his devotion and many talents will be a challenge to fill. As a rancher he had many responsibilities and no job was too much for him to handle. Mike loved his family and everything he did was for his family, he always put them first. He was smart and quick witted with a great sense of humor which made him a joy to be around.

The song “The Kind Of Man He Was”

by Colby Yates describes Mike:

Marian’s talents for sewing, cooking, baking, and organizing made her an excellent homemaker. She taught her children to work hard and to excel in their academic pursuits. She also taught her family—by word and by example—to love and serve their Heavenly Father by serving His children.

Marian was preceded in death by her daughter, Holly Noel Sorensen Whitten, and her son-in-law, William Sherman Whitten. She is survived by her husband, Von, Vineyard, Utah; by her sisters Carole Barrett, Holladay, Utah, and Margy Clements, Draper, Utah; by her brother Gordon Potter, Benicia, California; and by her children and their

He knew more about life than I ever will He rarely left the ranch up on that red dirt hill He never had a whole lot to say But when he did, you bet you could take it to the bank To a kid, he seemed just like old John Wayne He worked from sun to sun, I never heard him complain That’s the kind of man he was, that’s the man I grew up with That’s the kind of tough he was and that’s the kind of life he led And I’ll spend the rest of mine workin’ every day Tryin’ to become the kind of man he was He taught me how to get up when I got knocked down At an early age, I learned how to stand my ground And I still don’t know the meaning of the word “quit” That’s just because he wasn’t gonna have none of it

spouses, Dave (Betsy) Sorensen, Layton, Utah; Kirsten (Morris) McKee, Tridell, Utah; Laurel (Scott) Egbert, Clover Valley, Nevada; Marianne (Charles) Lemon, Provo, Utah; Erin Christensen, Vineyard, Utah; Dan (Grace) Sorensen, Chesapeake Beach, Maryland; Joe (Chrystal) Sorensen, Las Vegas, Nevada; Tony Sorensen (Kristen), Las Vegas, Nevada; Jared (Selena) Sorensen, Clover Valley, Nevada. She is also survived by 46 grandchildren and 44 great-grandchildren.

Funeral services were held December 14, 2019, at the Wells Chapel of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Wells, Nevada. In lieu of flowers, please consider a donation to Primary Children’s Medical Center.

The last time I saw him, he just shook my hand Said, “Don’t worry ‘bout it, son, someday we’ll meet again” That’s the kind of man he was, that’s the man I grew up with That’s the kind of tough he was and that’s the kind of life he led And I’ll spend the rest of mine workin’ every day Tryin’ to become the kind of man he was.

Mike was a beloved husband, father, brother, “Papa,” uncle and friend.

He leaves behind his wife of 39 years Cindy, daughters, Tawni Van Brouwer (Blake), Sara Victor (Sean), Jaimee Benjamin (Daniel), brother Steve (Cookie), sisters Rita Armstrong (Tom), Judy Crosby (Fred), Uncle Donn Dalton, his grandchildren, nieces, nephews and close friends, many of whom are considered family.

He was preceded in death by both parents.

A celebration of his life will be held in the spring at Big Canyon Ranch. In lieu

Juanita Nachiondo Juanita Nachiondo passed peacefully into her Heavenly Father’s arms on November 23, 2019 with her daughters at her side.

Juanita was born to Tomas and Dominga Alcorta on the Nouque Ranch in McDermitt Oregon on October 2, 1923. She was the fourth of five Alcorta children.

As a teenager, she moved to Winnemucca to attend high school.

It was in Winnemucca where she met, fell in love, and married Joe Nachiondo on March 2, 1946.

Together they had two daughters Chickie Schroeder of Boise, Idaho and Karen (Tom) Johnson of Elko, Nevada. After over 30 years of marriage, they divorced and Juanita moved to Ely, Nevada.

In Ely she worked at Four Seasons Dress Shop, East Ely Pharmacy, and then for her daughter at Chickie’s Hallmark and Jewelry. In January 1986 Juanita relocated to Elko, Nevada.

Upon moving to Elko, she worked as a desk clerk at the Marquis Motel, Stockmen’s Hotel, and then as a slot attendant working at IGA Grocery, Smiths Grocery, Kmart, and Albertsons. Juanita loved

of flowers, please make a donation in his name to Rope for Hope, PO Box 328, NV 89446.

Heaven just got a topnotch cowboy.

working with the public and made many friends before retiring in 2010.

She was very proud of her Basque heritage. She was also proud and loved her grandchildren Kathy Schroeder, Kerri (Jody) Pintar, Berton Johnson, Jeremiah Johnson, and Travis Johnson.

She had 8 great grandchildren and 1 great-great grandson.

At 96 years young she slipped away to join her brother, Joe Alcorta, and her sisters Tomie Bengochea, Mary Muguira, and Fran Mariluch who preceded her in death.

We would like to thank the staff of Highland Manor who cared for mom in her final years. To all friends and family who remembered and visited her, Mom appreciated all of you and loved your company.

Also we would like to thank her special friend Gilbert Flores for his love and devotion. He always brought joy and a sparkle to mom’s eyes.

A Celebration of Life will be held for Juanita in the Spring. At her request, she will be laid to rest in McDermitt. In lieu of flowers you may donate to the Alzheimers Association or a charity of your choice.

PHOTO: GETTY IMAGES

THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

9

Surviving the Cold

Protect your Mental Health from Becoming ‘SAD’ Jolyn Young Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

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inter can be brutal. Short days and long nights in the Northern Hemisphere make for decreased exposure to

sunlight.

Absorbing fewer rays from the sun has a negative physiological effect on most people, which can lead to Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). As the acronym implies, this results in a feeling of sadness triggered by wintertime conditions.

The effects of SAD vary widely, and they can range from feeling a bit blue to fullblown depression. Untreated depression can lead to missing days at work, broken relationships and even suicidal thoughts.

Often, acknowledging depressive symptoms is the hardest part of breaking the cycle, because the afflicted person sees depression as a sign of weakness and is reluctant to ask for help.

Symptoms A person affected by SAD doesn’t have to wait until symptoms spiral downward until they can’t get out of bed or can’t stop the dark thoughts, though.

Symptoms of SAD include decreased appetite, lack of interest in things you normally enjoy, unusual tiredness, sighing a lot, weight gain, excessive sleeping and/ or inability to sleep and withdrawing from people you love.

Affected people may experience some or all of these symptoms. In severe cases, a person might be unable to go to work or perform usual duties, such as childcare, cooking, and household cleaning.

Treatment Here are a few ways to combat SAD before it takes a negative hold on your mental state: • Get some sunlight every day. This is particularly hard for those who work indoors, as the sun is usually down by the time they clock out at 5. Even sitting outside for 10 minutes during a break can help alleviate symptoms of SAD. Sunboxes, or special lights designed to mimic the sun’s rays, can be used indoors to reap the same results in about 20 minutes a day. They can be purchased online for as little as $20.

• Exercise. Working out releases endorphins, which are activated when we move our bodies enough to raise our heart rate

PHOTOS: JOLYN YOUNG

ABOVE: Winter can bring annual seasonal depression to many people. Short days and cold temps can bring increased isolation. RIGHT: It’s too cold to ride for fun, but finding an indoor hobby can help alleviate the symptoms of SAD. and sweat a bit. Endorphins make us feel happy, and we can get them in the wintertime by walking on a treadmill, riding a stationary bicycle, lifting weights, or using any type of workout equipment that appeals to us.

• Maintain a routine. It’s easy to slip into a different, self-destructive routine during the winter months. If a person is feeling a touch of SAD, he or she may have a hard time getting out of bed in the morning.

But sleeping in makes exposure to daylight even more limited, and it usually makes a person stay up later at night, thus perpetuating the unhealthy cycle. Use an alarm if necessary to keep getting up at your normal time, which will in turn help maintain your normal bedtime and standard sleep hours.

• Find a hobby or activity that is best done during the winter. Summer is fun, but also very busy. Outdoor activities like sports, gardening, and yard work easily fill up every available hour, leaving little time

for depressive thoughts. Find an indoor (or outdoor, if you’re the hardy type) pastime that you enjoy to help occupy the winter hours. Quilting, playing cards, reading, indoor basketball, leather work, or crafting are all hobbies that can be viewed as small luxuries best enjoyed during the cold months, whether the sun isn’t luring us outside all waking hours.

Remember: It’s Not Your Fault Don’t be ashamed if you feel SAD each winter. About half of those in the northern US and southern Canada are afflicted by the disorder each year.

Only about 1% of Florida residents feel down during the winter, emphasizing the direct connection between seasonal patterns and the disorder. Feeling SAD isn’t your fault, and there are things you can do to feel happy again, even during the winter.

If attempts to cheer up using at-home remedies don’t significantly raise your

spirits, go to a doctor and ask for help. Primary care physicians see patients suffering from SAD on a regular basis, and often a simple, low-dose prescription of a basic antidepressant is all that’s needed to get a person safely through winter in a healthy state of mind.

When the symptoms are truly caused by seasonal changes, there is often no need to see a psychiatrist and undergo talk therapy sessions. Many patients stop using their prescription during the warm months with no ill effects.

This cycle of only medicating during the months when needed is perfectly safe, normal, and healthy.

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Surviving the Cold Getting a calf dried off and colostrum in his belly enables him to handle a lot more cold. It’s also important to have bedding for calves. There’s not much body mass in a small calf; these babies chill quicker than a larger animal.

PHOTOS: HEATHER SMITH THOMAS

Preparing Cattle for Harsh Winter Temps Heather Smith Thomas | Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

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eather is always a factor in cattle health.

Stressed animals are more vulnerable to stress-related illnesses. Good management to prepare cattle for winter and minimize these stresses can reduce the incidence of illness, frostbite, or loss of animals.

Cold weather brings additional challenges when there’s wind or precipitation.

Russ Daly, DVM (Extension Veterinarian/Associate Professor, South Dakota State University) says that even very young calves can handle fairly cold temperatures if they are dry and have the insulating effect of the hair coat, and received colostrum soon after birth.

After a calf has nursed, he has more energy and “fuel” to keep warm.

“A calf is born with less than a day’s worth of energy in the form of brown fat, to burn for body heat. If he doesn’t get colostrum, once that brown fat is gone there is no energy available to maintain or regulate body heat,” says Daly.

“Colostrum is relatively high in fat, with 2 to 3 times more fat than regular milk. It’s a very good first meal for young calves and really makes a difference in getting them up and going and keeping them warm.”

A calf that nursed a full feeding of colostrum can stay warmer in cold weather and is less apt to chill and get sick or suffer from frostbite.

“Young calves need a dry environment. They dry off pretty quickly if they have a good mother who licks them immediately after birth. Sometimes in cold weather we need to help with that process,” says Daly. “Getting a calf dried

12

off and colostrum in his belly enables him to handle a lot more cold. It’s also important to have bedding for calves.

There’s not much body mass in a small calf; these babies chill quicker than a larger animal. Bedding helps insulate the calf, making a separation between the calf and frozen ground, snow, cold concrete, etc.

“This is important in helping calves stay warm.”

Frostbite can be an issue in calves born during cold weather. Extremities suffer first.

“Most people who calve early calve inside a barn, but occasionally a calf is born outside and freezes its ears,” says Daly. “After the calf is dry there is much less risk for frostbite, unless he is suffering from a debilitating condition such as scours and dehydration.” In that situation there is less blood flow to the extremities and they may freeze.

If the newborn has frozen ears, tail or feet, care should be taken to not damage the tissues when trying to warm the calf.

“If you suspect frostbite, remove the calf from cold conditions but don’t warm the ears or feet too quickly,” he says. “Use warm water and towels, not hot water, and don’t rub the area too much or it may damage the tissue more.

Calves with frozen feet — damaged to the point where the feet are sloughing off — suffer a lot of pain and should be euthanized.

“There is rarely a good outcome for them.”

LARGER CATTLE Older calves and adult animals are less at risk for frostbite. They can withstand fairly cold temperatures without damaging effects.

There is more blood flow to the extremities, more body

THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

mass to retain heat, and usually more fat under the skin that helps serve as insulation against the cold.

Older cattle are more experienced and will usually seek a windbreak or sheltered area where they can get out of the wind.

Windbreaks are crucial, especially in wind and cold weather, since wind chill can cause frostbite at temperatures that would normally not be a problem.

As calves get older, windbreaks and temporary shelter can be helpful, along with good nutrition. Cattle with adequate nutrition, in good body condition, have more insulation against cold, and enough energy to keep warm.

“The part of the diet we focus on is energy, during cold weather. Protein is important, too, but energy — especially for calves — is crucial,” says Daly. “Weaning-age calves need a high-energy diet so we focus on what kind of grain they are eating. We also know that these animals must increase their intake, in response to the cold.

“We just have to be sure we are providing all the additional feed they need. For animals with a functional rumen — older calves, adult cattle — having adequate protein to utilize the energy is very important.”

Microbes in the rumen that facilitate digestion of forage break down fibrous portions of forage into usable energy, but they need protein in order to do this. The “gut bugs” must have adequate protein.

“With severely cold weather some winters, stockmen were able to help their cattle maintain themselves but that’s about it,” Daly says. “The prolonged cold made it challenging to feed calves enough for weight gain and growth. For mature animals, the best way we can help them respond to cold stress is to feed enough energy and

SURVIVING THE SIBERIAN EXPRESS OF FEBRUARY 1989 Blizzard conditions in recent years and loss of cattle brings to mind other bad winters with hardship for livestock producers.

My husband and I had several memorable winters during our 53 years of raising cattle, when temperatures dropped lower than normal — necessitating extreme measures to take care of our cattle.

The most memorable, however, was the first week of February 1989, when a huge front of cold air moved south from Canada and made a loop through part of the United States.

The Siberian Express brought 5 days of 30-below-zero temperatures, with wind chill factor making it equal to nearly 100 below zero at our ranch.

A rancher 130 miles away near Dubois, Idaho, lost more than 900 cows that wandered blindly trying to get out of the wind, ending up in a draw that drifted over with snow; those cows froze to death.

Ranchers in our valley who were calving at that time lost many calves. One rancher lost 90 calves; some of the newborns froze before they could get up off the ground.

We didn’t lose any calves, thanks to our calving barns and calf shelters. Almost all our calves were already born, and we didn’t have to deal with very many calving cows during this challenge; we only had 5 left to calve.

Young calves in various fields with their mothers had already gotten past the vulnerable stage; they’d nursed, were dry — with a thick winter hair coat — and had learned how to use their little calf shelters.

In the early years of our ranching venture, my husband Lynn built portable shelters and we had some in every field. Openings were big enough for calves, but not cows. In severe weather calves spent most of their time in the houses, coming out only to nurse mom.

Our last 5 calves arrived during that horrible blizzard. Even though we put those 5 cows in the barn to calve, we were unable to keep the barn warm enough.

We used our older barn, with a low roof and less air space to heat; it always stayed warmer, just from the body heat of several cows, even before we put an old barrel stove in one end.

With the stove going full blast we managed to get the temperature in that barn up to about zero, which was still too cold for a wet newborn. The wind was driving snow through every crack and knothole.

So we monitored each cow as she calved, let her smell and lick her baby briefly so she’d know it was hers, then brought it in the house to dry.

Once it was dry, we took it back out to mom and made sure it nursed immediately, and then it could handle the cold. We left those pairs in the barn until the wind subsided a few days later.

The wind was fierce. A person could hardly face into it, and we didn’t dare go outside without a scarf or mask over our faces to avoid frostbite. The first day of the blizzard, Lynn and I realized the cattle in our field above the house had no protection.

There were adequate shelters for the babies, but not much windbreak for the cows.

So we took down some fence between that field and the brush along the creek (we’d fenced off the creek many years earlier to keep calves from drowning in high water).

We let them into that sheltered area, fed hay in amongst the trees, and reinforced the fence at the lower end so calves couldn’t get into the horse pens.

It was a painful, tedious task trying to repair fence in that bitter wind.

There was a thicket of trees behind a little hill in the field across the creek where our first-calf heifers lived with their babies. This created a windbreak because of the direction

the wind was coming; the hill and trees blocked the wind.

But when the storm hit, most of that herd drifted down by the corral and were trying to find shelter along the fence.

We had to drive them back up to the field and get them over to the brush behind the hill. Driving them against the wind, when they didn’t want to face into it, was nearly impossible!

It was just Lynn and me, facing these challenges, because both our kids were in college. But we managed to get those reluctant little buggers over to the trees, where they were grateful to be out of the wind. In the days that followed, until the wind finally quit on the 5th day, we fed their hay over there in the trees.

We didn’t have any frozen ears or tails on calves that winter, but many cows lost their ear tips and some froze their teats. Brushy windbreaks protected cows in 3 fields, but one field had very little shelter.

Even though there were some trees, the wind came from the wrong direction and there wasn’t much we could do to protect that group. The calves stayed in the calf houses, coming out only to nurse, and the cows huddled around the calf houses.

All 50 cows in that field suffered frostbitten teats, and when the dead skin on the ends of their teats peeled off a few days later, their teats painful and they were kicking their calves. Some calves managed to keep nursing (from behind, if mama would stand still and not run off.

But 24 cows wouldn’t let their calves suck.

At least the wind had stopped by then, and we could deal with this crisis. We had to do something, because those calves, at 3 to 4 weeks of age, were too young to wean!

We brought those pairs to the barnyard, put the cows through the chute and hobbled their hind legs with baling twines. We started with 3 strands, but one strong cow

broke hers when she tried to kick out of the hobbles.

We had to re-make her hobbles, and after that we used 4 or 5 strands on the rest of the cows, to make sure they’d wouldn’t break.

Lynn made a non-slip loop around each leg above the dewclaws, loose enough to not cut off circulation, but small enough to not slip down over the joint, and made the hobbles with a 12 to 15-inch length between the legs.

This gave the cow room to walk, but not enough to kick her calf. The most important thing was to use a non-slip knot in the leg loops, so they could not tighten. Otherwise, blood circulation in the leg would be hindered.

We kept the hobbled cows in a small lot, next to one of my horse pens, where I could water them in a tank from a nearby hydrant.

They didn’t have to walk very far to water, and in this small area their calves could catch up with them and nurse.

The cows couldn’t kick their calves, and couldn’t walk very fast to try to get away from the calves.

The raw, painful teats healed in 3 to 4 weeks, after the scabs came off. Then we snipped the hobbles off with long-handled pruning shears.

For a few of the cows that were too skittish for that (either trying to kick, or not standing still for snipping the loop off the second leg), we just snipped one loop — so they could walk freely — and took them back to the chute to restrain them to get the other side cut off.

We’ve used the hobble trick several times since, on cows that got chapped teats and wouldn’t let their calves nurse, or a heifer that won’t mother her calf or kicks when it tries to nurse.

Once the calf nurses a few times, the heifer usually becomes more motherly. Baling twine hobbles are the best thing we learned from the Siberian Express.

protein — especially as cows get into later gestation — to make sure the fetus isn’t shortchanged.”

If the cow is putting all her feed resources into keeping warm, something will be shortchanged.

PREVENTING FROSTBITE Windbreaks and bedding are important for adult cattle as well as calves, to prevent frostbitten ears or teats, or scrotal frostbite in bulls.

If weather has been really cold, cattle may lose their ears or ear tips, or the end of their tail. If the tail gets wet for any reason (even from being covered with loose manure), the tail may freeze.

Cows may suffer frostbitten teats even before they calve (even without moisture on the teats from the calf nursing), if they can’t get out of the wind.

If the ends of the teats suffer severe frostbite damage, they may seal over with scar tissue and the newborn calf can’t start the teat when the cow calves, and can’t get any colostrum.

After a stretch of really cold weather — especially if there’s been much wind--cows should be monitored for teat damage and possible scabbing and scarring.

“With dairy cows we have frost-guard products to put on the teats, but it’s much more challenging to treat individual beef cows,” says Daly. “If ranchers notice damaged teats, the tissue damage is already there, but they might be able to salvage the teats if they get the cow in for treatment.”

Frostbitten skin on the teats will generally heal, but may result in painful nursing during the healing process; the teats may become so sore that the cow won’t let the calf nurse, and you’d have to intervene to help the calf.

“Being aware of these possibilities is important when we have long stretches of really cold weather, he says. “Bedding and windbreaks can minimize the risk. There are several good windbreak designs.”

Scrotal frostbite is another common problem after a cold, windy winter.

“I think that any year, regardless of whether it was a bad winter or not, bulls should be checked for breeding soundness and semen-tested before the next breeding season,” Daly says. “Bulls can often recover from scrotal frostbite,

ABOVE: We’ve used the hobble trick several times since — on cows that got chapped teats and wouldn’t let their calves nurse, or on a heifer that won’t mother her calf or kicks when it tries to nurse. RIGHT: Homemade hobbles are easy to create by tying a few non-slip knots into 4 to 5 pieces of baling twine. but it’s important to get them checked to see if they truly are recovered before they go out to breed cows.

“Sometimes some bad-looking frostbite damage does not turn out to be a significant fertility problem, and some bulls that look like they wintered really well may be the most adversely affected. You can’t just tell by looking at them. It pays to check them.”

THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

13

Surviving the Cold

Baby it’s Cold Outside!

How do you keep yourself warm when the temperature drops below freezing?

Jennifer Whiteley Nevada Rancher Magazine

I PHOTOS: JENNIFER WHITELEY

ABOVE TOP: Wool keeps you warm even when it gets wet. Wool fibers wick moisture away from your skin and can absorb around 30% of their weight before you feel wet. This moisture is then released from the fabric through evaporation. ABOVE BOTTOM: Did you know using trough heaters in the wintertime keeps water warmer and encourages horses to drink more water, which helps to prevent colic?

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love everything about living in the high desert, except the cold, but once the temperature drops and we get a skiff of snow, I might as well fly south for the winter for as much help as I am outdoors.

I’m a wimp when it comes to cold temperatures.

I really dislike the cold. I get all bundled up in half the clothes in my closet, and I have to find a ditch for my horse to stand in just so I can get on. The first to go are my toes, which quickly escalates to my feet being cold and numb. I’ve trailed more cattle on foot, leading my horse through the snow than I care to admit, and that is just to keep some

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

feeling in my feet.

After the feet are my fingers and hands. I spend most of the day switching back and forth keeping one hand gloveless between my wildrag and my neck to keep them somewhat warm.

I swear after 30 minutes I am convinced I have hypothermia, and it takes me a good 30 minutes next to the wood stove once we get home just to be able to unbuckle my chinks.

Even worse than the days moving cows around are days standing by the chute when it’s cold. Standing in 1 place giving shots just about freezes me to death.

When loading up your cow dog and favorite horse and heading to Arizona for the winter isn’t an option, how do you

Mar. 10

Wool both absorbs and repels water. The cortex of the fiber absorbs moisture, while the epicuticle scales on the outside of the fiber are hydrophobic. This allows wool to simultaneously absorb moisture from your skin, while resisting external moisture like rain or snow. stay warm during the cold months? In the ranching industry, staying home drinking coffee next to the wood stove isn’t an option when you have livestock to take care of.

When it gets really cold you are probably feeding your livestock extra roughage and have heaters in your stock water tanks to keep the water from freezing. What do you do to make the cold temperatures easier on you? I did some very unscientific research and reached out to people in agriculture who spend a lot of time in the cold for advice, and almost everyone told me the same thing. Wool.

Wear Wool. Wool keeps you warm!

Wool keeps you dry. Wool fibers wick moisture away from your skin and can absorb around 30% of their weight before you feel wet. This moisture is then released from the fabric through evaporation. Wool keeps you warm even when it gets wet. When fibers absorb moisture, they also

release small amounts of heat, which can help you stay warm on cold, wet days. Wool has a high warmth to weight ratio.

A wool shirt is significantly warmer than a synthetic shirt of the same fabric weight. Wool both absorbs and repels water. The cortex of the fiber absorbs moisture, while the epicuticle scales on the outside of the fiber are hydrophobic. This allows wool to simultaneously absorb moisture from your skin, while resisting external moisture like rain or snow. The scales also give a wool garment a dry skin-feel even after it has absorbed moisture.

Today’s wool has a soft skin feel, it’s not itchy like it used to be. Wool fibers are treated to reduce the prominence of natural scales, which cause the rough, itchy feel of old wool products.

Merino wool is also made up of small diameter fibers that are not prickly or irritating. Wool also provides

excellent temperature regulation.

Its thin fibers allow tiny air pockets in the fabric to trap your body heat, which provides superb insulation. As moisture evaporates on hot days, the air in these pockets cools and keeps you feeling comfortable. The best part about wool is that most of it is washable now!

Dress in layers. Start with a good wool base layer. It will be expensive, but well worth it. After a good base layer, my friends recommend good wool sweaters, 100% silk wildrags, and a good insulated coats or bibbed overalls.

Don’t forget your wool socks and some good gloves too! Top it all off with a 100% wool scotch cap! Make sure your gloves, scotch cap, coat, and boots are dry before heading outdoors. Staying warm and dry will make feeding cows and other outdoor winter chores much more pleasant during colder temperatures.

Wool keeps you warm even when it gets wet. When fibers absorb moisture, they also release small amounts of heat, which can help you stay warm on cold, wet days.

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Also sons of Traction and Substantial THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

15

Surviving the Cold

Your Horse did What? How to Prevent and Treat Frostbite Sarah P. Hummel, DVM There are some clients that really push you to think out of the box, research bizarre circumstances, and open your eyes to all the possible conundrums that these large animals can get into.

Last February I received one such phone call.

Aggie Annie called and described how her horse (a good performance horse — buckskin of course) had

somehow managed to get stuck in two (count them two) water troughs overnight during which time a sheet of ice had formed around his ankles. Try to picture walking out to that on a frigid morning!

Now this was a new one for me and not something they write about in textbooks. I was very concerned about frost bite and subsequent laminitis (or founder).

Laminitis is when the

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support of the foot bone becomes so inflamed from damage that the bone can actually start dropping out of the hoof capsule through the sole. This can be life-ending for a horse.

I had Aggie Annie give the brisk buckskin a dose of banamine (flunixin meglumine) and acepromazine. These drugs help treat/prevent laminitis by decreasing inflammation and decreasing blood pressure to the extremities.

Ideally you want blood flow to the extremities when facing possible frostbite, but in this case, I was balancing the possibility of frost bite with the possibility of laminitis. With the help of technology (ok, social media) I was able to reach out to equine veterinarians around the world to get further advice.

I was able to obtain a lot of helpful tips from this community on frost bite and hypothermia. These were pertaining to horses, but the advice can be used in cattle as well. Hypothermia is when the body

“Laminitis is when the support of the foot bone becomes so inflamed from damage that the bone can actually start dropping out of the hoof capsule through the sole. This can be life-ending for a horse.”

– Sarah P Hummell, DVM temperature is too low.

For cattle and horses, a low-normal temperature is about 98 deg F. Hypothermia can lead to frostbite in the extremities such as the tail, nose, ears and hooves as most of has seen. When hypothermia and frostbite are a concern, some helpful tips are as follows:

Warm the animal up core first ■ Get the animal out of the elements (wind, snow, rain, etc.) if possible.

■ Feed them a lot, get that internal oven burning. Cattle, as well as horse —s but to a less extent — generate a huge amount of heat from the fermentation vat that is their GI tract.

■ A warm water enema in emergency cases can also rapidly warm up the internal temperature of an animal. Giving an enema should be left to a veterinarian, as a rectal tear, even a tiny one, will likely lead to a fatal infection in the abdomen. Another thing veterinarian can provide are WARM fluids directly into the vein.

Then work on surface heating ■ Blanket the animal if practical.

■ Warm water baths work well if practical.

Probably not so for a 1200 pound animal but works great for a little calf (appx 104 deg F max).

■ Warm rice bags on the

extremities, heat lamps, heating pads, etc., can be used to speed up the process.

Finally prevent further heat loss ■ Vaseline or ointments can be placed on extremities that might be frost bitten. This acts as a coating agent to trap the heat in and prevent drying out if frost bite occurs. Chapstick also works well for ear tips and noses.

So now, if you wake up to feed the stock and find they have all climbed into their water troughs, you can feel more prepared.

In all seriousness though, in emergency cases, please call your veterinarian. We love hearing from you! And we can be of some help. You can also walk away with a few tidbits on treating those cold little baby calves this spring. Happy calving!

Sarah P. Hummel, DVM, 775-530-4137, sarahhummelddvm@ yahoo.com

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Micronutrients can have Macro Impacts

Trace Minerals are Crucial for Cattle Health

Heather Smith Thomas Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

M

inerals are essential nutrients.

Sodium, chlorine and potassium are crucial to maintain fluid balances in the body and blood.

Iron is an important component of red blood cells—enabling them to carry oxygen.

Bone formation and milk production depend on calcium and phosphorus. Calcium and phosphorus are called macro-minerals because they are required in fairly large amounts. Deficiency is generally not a problem because these minerals are present in high levels in many feeds.

Other minerals such as copper, iron, iodine, manganese, selenium and zinc are needed in very tiny amounts and are called trace minerals. They are also very important to health.

Adequate levels of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium, for example, are crucial for a healthy immune system and optimum reproduction. Some soils and plants are short on various minerals, leaving feeds deficient.

For this reason, many livestock producers use supplemental minerals to augment cattle diets. These are often supplied in salt/mineral mixes, provided free choice. Consumption is varied however, with some animals consuming too much while others eat inadequate amounts or none at all.

Also, other aspects of diet (including certain minerals that may bind with the supplemented mineral) may hinder absorption by the body. Because of this variability, some stockmen individually dose their animals by drench, bolus or injection—to make sure they directly receive the necessary minerals.

Dr. Lourens Havenga, Chief Executive Officer of Multimin USA, Inc., started several research projects in 2009. There have also been university studies looking at how rapidly

MACRO, 20

MACRO MINERALS

Nevada Rancher Editor Ashley Buckingham fills a vaccine gun with Multimin 90 at her family’s branding.

PHOTO: NICOLE POYO

18

THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

There are three macro minerals (needed in larger amounts than the trace minerals) that are very important for cattle — phosphorus, calcium and magnesium.

“Phosphorus plays a large role in reproductive efficiency in beef cows, and in conjunction with calcium plays a major role in bone development. If a cow does not have adequate calcium reserves when she approaches calving, she may suffer milk fever when she calves,” says Dr. Lourens Havenga, of Multimin USA, Inc. “Magnesium deficiency is a little different because it is more of a ‘green grass’ disease; cows may end up with grass tetany when forages are very low in magnesium.”

MACRO

EARLY LIFE OF A CALF

From page 18

injected trace minerals are absorbed and how long they are stored in the liver.

Other studies have evaluated performance of shipping-stressed cattle receiving injected minerals versus performance of cattle that did not receive it, effects on calf health and reproductive performance when injecting cows before and after calving, and how trace mineral status affects respiratory risk and finishing performance in beef steers.

We now know that trace minerals are crucially important in cattle health, from conception through harvest and all along the way in the reproductive life of cows and bulls.

“If we look at the immediate deficiency issues that a calf might face after birth, they actually originate during the last 90 days (or even earlier) of the cow’s pregnancy,” he says. “This is when the fetus is growing fast and getting a lot bigger, and also the period of time when most of the trace minerals are being transferred to the calf from the cow (to be stored in the calf’s liver), for that calf’s early life.

“Many of the deficiency problems that we see in a newborn calf, like white muscle disease, actually started 90 days earlier because the cow was deficient. If the cow didn’t have adequate trace minerals in late pregnancy there are several problems we might see, even before she gets to the next breeding cycle.”

Minerals are needed at a certain level, every day, so we need to find ways to make sure they are available to cattle every day. If for some reason you can’t put out a mineral supplement, these levels will decline in the cattle. If you are not providing trace minerals, they will run short at some point in time.

The flip side of this is that cattle don’t need the same level every day. There are some times in their production cycle that they need more, so producers need to be aware of those times, and be prepared to supply more during those times.

The main times a cow needs more trace minerals is 30 to 90 days before she calves, and 30 to 60 days before breeding — to give her the utmost chance to conceive and keep the embryo alive.

It is important to have a good mineral program.

“Producers need a day-to-day program, providing adequate supplement, and an additional plan for the periods of increased need. These are not long periods, but they are critical,” he says.

If you can’t provide a mineral supplement at those times (such as prior to calving and prior to breeding) or are not sure the cows are consuming adequate amounts, an injectable product can make sure that they are taken care of.

SELENIUM “The most common mineral deficiency we see in the U.S. that impacts young calves is selenium,” says Havenga. “Selenium imbalance in the cow during the last 90 days of gestation can cause several different problems. If deficiency is very severe, we see white muscle disease in the calves. Their muscle tone is poor and they are unable to get up, and they don’t suckle.

“If you pull on the calf’s tongue you can often feel that it is weak and the calf doesn’t pull it back aggressively.”

If deficiency is that severe, very often the cow suffers from retained placenta, which may impact her ability to recover quickly from calving and rebreed on schedule.

If the deficiency isn’t quite that severe, the cow may not have a retained placenta, but because she doesn’t have enough selenium to keep her immune system strong, she may end up with a low-grade uterine infection.

“This will also impair her reproductive efficiency and may make her slower to rebreed,”

20

“If we look at a normal, healthy calf from birth to branding age — a calf that had adequate mineral levels at birth — those levels will drop dramatically during that time,” says Dr. Lourens Havenga, of Multimin USA, Inc. “There was a really good study done by a graduate student, Christopher Branum, at Texas A&M showing that baby calves from beef cows, with normal mineral levels, by the time they reach 56 days of age have reduced those mineral levels in the liver by about 75%.

“This happens for two reasons. That calf is growing rapidly, doubling its weight a couple of times between birth and weaning.

Rapid growth rate uses a lot of those minerals for building tissue. The second reason is that cow’s milk is very low in trace minerals.”

Those particular minerals in the cow’s diet do not come through in her milk.

“There is a very high level of calcium in cow’s milk, but very low levels of copper, selenium, zinc and manganese. So if the calf has low levels at birth (due to deficiencies in the cow during late pregnancy) we run into problems very quickly. He will be growing fast, and become very deficient, very quickly,” says Havenga.

This is why producers are sometimes disappointed with calf vaccine protocols.

“We are usually giving calves their first vaccination at branding age which is usually sometime in the first 3 months of life,” he says.

“This is often a time when the calves are very low in trace minerals because they have gone through ¾ of the minerals they were born with. Even if we put a good vaccine into calves that were born from cows that were deficient, it may not be effective.”

When a calf is vaccinated, that animal also uses up more trace minerals in the effort to mount an immune response.

“Now we have two things that are happening at the same time — a vaccine response that is inadequate, and won’t produce much protection, and we’ve also sucked a lot of minerals out of that calf to get that poor response — and end up with a calf that’s very susceptible to disease,” he explains.

Some producers call their veterinarian a few weeks after vaccinating their calves and say they think the vaccine was bad because they have a bunch of sick calves.

“It’s not because the vaccine was bad, but because the calf was not ready to respond to it. When people ask me if there is one time that’s best to supplement the calf, I have to answer that question a little bit like a politician, by asking them questions,” says Havenga.

“First I ask how their cows came through the winter. If they came through a bad winter or a bad drought, then I would supplement that calf while it is still inside the cow, by giving that cow the proper trace minerals.

“If the cows came through the winter with adequate minerals (and the calves had good mineral levels at birth), then the one time I would supplement the calves is when we vaccinate them, because we know they will be low in mineral at 70 to 90 days of age. If we vaccinate them at that time, without giving them the trace minerals they need, it’s an injustice to them because they can’t produce a good immune response.

“Once they respond well to that first vaccine, then all your boosters will be good and the calf will be protected. But if they don’t respond well to that first vaccine, the booster then becomes the first vaccine (and the calf would actually need another booster to be protected).”

Since milk won’t have adequate trace minerals for calves, they need supplementation. Calves may sample the mineral you put out for the cows, but are just nibbling and may not consume enough, especially in that first 90 days.

The same principle will apply at weaning time when calves are stressed and not eating their oral trace mineral supply. This is why it often helps to put an injectable product into those calves when they are being vaccinated, because then you know that each calf received it — at the right time. he explains. “Her calf will not have white muscle disease, but may have a dysfunctional immune system, and may be more prone to scours or respiratory disease.”

In the last 90 days of gestation the cow is also creating colostrum.

“It needs to contain the antibodies necessary to protect the calf during his first weeks of life,” says Havenga. “If the cow is low in selenium she produces a lower quality colostrum, which also impacts the calf’s immune system and he will be more prone to disease.”

ZINC “Some researchers have found that if the cow is low in zinc in the period just prior to calving, she may have a longer than normal gestation,” he adds. “The signaling of the calf to be born is weaker in that cow. Producers sometimes tell me that ‘this year was a little odd, with a few cows that carried their calves much longer and had really big calves that we had to pull, which is something we don’t normally do.’

“This is just a subtle change, but deficiency in zinc can contribute to this.”

The impact on the calf is a little different.

“Very low zinc in the calf will cause dandruff,” he says. “Skin quality is poor, and that calf will also have a much poorer response to vaccination.”

The calf is unable to mount strong immunity.

COPPER This important trace mineral works hand in hand with selenium and can be a contributing cause to retained placenta in the cow.

“If copper is very low, cows will be slow to clean, and this deficiency is also very detrimental to the calf’s immune system. The calf will be very susceptible to scours, and to a lesser degree susceptible to respiratory disease,” he says. “If the fetus was low in copper for a long time, and then after birth the calf is still low in copper, one of the things that we see here, especially on the border between

THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

COURTESY: MULTIMIN

Multimin 90, seen here from an image on the company’s website, is an injectable trace mineral supplement for cattle given strategically during key production events to optimize cattle health and reproduction.

Colorado and Nebraska and Wyoming is abomasum ulcers. The calf will drink milk and then get sores and holes in the abomasum.

“This has been linked to structural weakness in the connective tissue of the gut. It can’t stretch and contract properly. Every time the calf gets a belly full of milk, the stomach stretches and then it tears a little bit. Those little tears eventually become infected, since there are always some bacteria in the gut.

“Every time the calf nibbles on something, bacteria are also ingested. Soon there are some open sores within the gut, which may eventually perforate, killing the calf.”

Copper deficiency can also lead to fragile bones and more fractures.

“There are several minerals that play a role in early development of bone. The bones have

two different components — a scaffolding that gives structure, and calcification that makes it strong and hard,” says Havenga. “The scaffolding is a combination of 3 different minerals — manganese, copper and zinc. If that scaffolding is out of whack, we see bones that become very brittle and break easily, or joints that become bigger/wider.

“This is because the scaffolding is collapsing. It’s like taking a piece of clay and pushing down on it, making it bulge outward.”

MANGANESE This element is also important for strong bones, strong immune system, and for hormone production in cows and bulls. For instance, progesterone levels in the pregnant cow are dependent on adequate manganese.

SECONDARY DEFICIENCIES “In the Midwest this past year researchers at Iowa State University saw some herds of beef cattle with calves that looked like little dwarfs,” says Havenga. “They were very small but all their joints were enlarged and they had contracted tendons. The veterinarians found that these calves were very low in manganese.

“When they looked at the history of these calves they discovered that this was a secondary deficiency due to too much iron in the silage the cattle had been fed. The iron tied up the manganese in the diet.

“When we look at why some of these problems occur, it could either be due to a primary or secondary deficiency. A primary deficiency is when the body simply does not have enough of that mineral. We are either not putting enough selenium, copper or zinc in the diet and the feeds are deficient, or there are other reasons for cattle not consuming the correct amount.”

Dr. Stephanie Hansen, Associate Professor and Beef Feedlot Nutrition Chair at Iowa State University, was part of the research team that looked at the manganese deficiency in calves in the Midwest.

She earlier did her masters work at North Carolina State University on effects of manganese deficiency and reproduction in beef heifers.

“Those heifers were still able to get bred, and have normal pregnancies, but when they calved, many of their calves exhibited classical signs of manganese deficiency,” she says.“It looked like someone punched those calves in the nose; it was shorter than normal. The nose is made of cartilage, and manganese is crucial to cartilage formation.

“Those calves had underdeveloped nasal passages so their noses were not as long as in a normal calf, and this made it look like their lower jaw was too long. Actually the lower jaw was normal; the nose was too small.”

The manganese-deficient calves were also shorter in height because manganese is important in bone formation.

“Gestation is a critical time for manganese to be adequate, because the fetus is growing so rapidly. Bone development and cartilage formation requires adequate levels of manganese,” Hansen explains.

Some of the calves born in her study were like disproportionate dwarfs.

“We had some 50-pound calves born from 1400-pound cows, which was very unusual,” she says.

This was the first time that anyone had created manganese deficiency under research conditions.

PROTECTING THE COW “If we look at the 85-day window between calving and rebreeding — when we want the cow to start cycling, conceive, and grow the embryo — the key period is 30 to 60 days before the start of breeding season,” says Dr. Lourens Havenga, of Multimin USA, Inc. “If we can do anything in that 30 to 60-day window to improve the cows’ mineral status, we will see acceptable pregnancy rates. This can be done by putting a good chelated mineral in front of those cows, or injecting them with trace minerals.

“If cows can be adequately supplemented in that 30 to 60-day window, research shows two big benefits for the producer. We actually get more cows to breed back and we’ll have more calves in the next calving season. It may not be a phenomenal number, maybe just 3 to 6%, but there will be more cows conceive.

“The second thing we see, with good mineral intervention during that window, is a significant change in how those cows conceive; more of them will conceive early in the breeding season.

This is very beneficial because those cows will wean off heavier calves since they have more days to grow. On top of that, those cows will have more days to recover from calving and be ready for the next breeding season. If cows are calving in the very last days of calving season, some of them won’t breed back on time and will be open, unless you extend the breeding season.”

The biggest benefit is not just getting more cows bred, but that they breed early.

“If you look at the dollars, a cow makes you the most money if she stays in the herd so you don’t have to buy or develop a replacement for her (because that’s very expensive) and if she calves early,” he says. “Having that extra 20 to 40 days on the ground, the calves that are born early are heavier than the late-born calves and make you more money.”

Cows need mineral supplementation in that window before breeding season for two reasons.

“If we put semen into healthy cycling cows at the right time, 90% or more will conceive, but some will resorb that embryo in the first 42 days because they don’t have enough antioxidants to protect the early embryo (or if any other metabolic imbalances exist),” says Havenga. “If we look at the antioxidants that a cow uses to protect that embryo, she relies on 5 key trace minerals — selenium, copper, zinc, manganese and iron. Iron is the one we don’t have to worry about because there is enough iron in our soils that we rarely see iron deficiency in cattle.”

The other trace minerals are critically important, however, and we need to make sure we have enough of them in the cow on the day she is bred.

“This is why we start paying attention and giving her a supplement 30 to 60 days before she is bred,” Havenga says. “If we start on the day we turn the cows out with the bulls, we have missed that window and are probably 30 to 60 days late.”

MACRO, 22

Looking down from 30,000 feet on Nevada’s craggy, arid landscape doesn’t evoke an image of what most people think of as rangeland.

But this vast and seemingly desolate place as viewed from five miles high actually supports a vital and healthy livestock industry. In an environment which receives an average 7.5 inches of precipitation a year, careful and constant management of these particular rangelands is crucial.

More than 85 percent of Nevada is managed by the federal government under the supervision of the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Forest Service, and the military. Because private land is very limited, ranchers need to use some of these public lands, as well as their own, for grazing herds of cattle and sheep. Ranchers are given an allotment and a predetermined number of livestock are allowed to graze at a per-head fee.

This has been an agreeable partnership for close to a hundred years, with both parties active in managing the land to accommodate many uses such as wildlife habitat and recreation as well as grazing. The health of our rangeland is in everyone’s best interest.

Land has always been the foundation of our nation’s wealth and the men and women who work that land are the traditional caretakers.

Land management and conservation science have advanced greatly over the last decades and modern ranchers keep up, or are in the lead.

Carefully grazed rangeland has been shown to be healthier and more productive than ungrazed land separated by only a wire fence.

Grazing animals control invasive species and organic matter that fuels destructive wildfires.

Like most of the west, Nevada has been impacted by urban growth, especially by the increased demands on a limited water supply.

Natural resources are under pressure so it becomes increasingly critical to manage our rangelands to benefit not only our livestock industry, but the very place we call home.

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

21

HORMONE PRODUCTION

COURTESY: MULTIMIN

A look at the Multimin 90 supplement label.

MACRO

From page 21

“Then last spring I got multiple phone calls from veterinarians and other folks in Iowa and surrounding states saying they had calves that looked manganese deficient,” Hansen says. “I was surprised, because we don’t see this very often. We found extensive incidence of manganese deficiency in the Midwest this last spring, largely in cattle that had been fed corn silage almost exclusively over the winter.”

The corn silage was contaminated with soil, and the iron becomes very available during silage fermentation.

“Iron competes with manganese for absorption in the body, and that was why heifers in my masters project were so manganese deficient,” she explains. “We had high soil levels in our corn silage — about 700 parts per million of iron, which is greatly above cattle requirement for iron.

“Iron and manganese use the same transporter in the gut and were competing for absorption. Manganese deficiency is more likely to come from high iron levels than from a manganese-deficient diet.”

“In the past few years, we’ve seen an increase in secondary deficiencies — where there is enough manganese or copper or selenium in the diet but something else is tying it up,” adds Havenga.

Molybdenum occurs in many soils and has always been in the grasses, so why is this problem getting worse now?

“The reason may be that certain new supplements have become very affordable such as distillers cubes that are high in protein,” Havenga says. “The problem is that distillers grains also contain a lot of sulfur. As soon as we combine sulfur with molybdenum we reduce copper uptake by the body—by more than 50%.

“Because these other feed products have become available and affordable, we see

Trace minerals play a key role in hormone production.

“When a cow becomes pregnant, the hormone that keeps the fetus alive is progesterone,” says Dr. Lourens Havenga, of Multimin USA, Inc. “Production of this hormone is regulated by the level of manganese in that cow. If she is deficient in manganese she may be at risk of not producing enough progesterone to maintain the pregnancy.”

Bulls also need adequate hormones, such as testosterone, to be fertile and do their job breeding cows.

“Producers also need to supplement their bulls with trace minerals in the 45 to 60-day window before we turn them out with the cows. If we neglect the bulls they may not perform as well,” he adds. “Testosterone production and sperm production rely on manganese, zinc and copper.

Selenium also plays a role in sperm production but is not a key player in hormone production.”

It’s important to pay attention to the mineral status of bulls because they are slightly more important than the cows. Each cow will produce one calf, while a bull may sire multiple calves. some other problems.”

Producers need to look at the whole picture and assess all parts of the diet. If some ingredients bring with them molybdenum, sulfur or high levels of iron, producers need to be aware that this could skew the mineral balance by tying up important trace minerals, reducing the amounts absorbed by the animal.

“This is why we developed Multimin 90 (an injectable trace mineral product) because it is the one technology that by-passes the gut completely,” Havenga says. “Producers can strategically use it when their animals need a little more, and by-pass the gut and not have to worry about things that will interfere.”

The injectable product is administered by giving a certain amount of milliliters per body weight and age and is good insurance that each animal gets what it needs.

When a producer depends entirely on ingested supplements there will be variable results because some cattle won’t consume them.

“When we’ve done liver biopsies to check mineral levels, we find vast differences in cows — in the same herd, on the same ranch,” says Havenga. “There may be anywhere from a 25 to 45% difference between the lowest and the highest levels.

The average may be good, but some individuals may not eat the supplement and some will eat too much.”

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

Nevada FFA’s Good, Bad, Ugly for 2019 Heather Dye | Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine As we summarize 2019 for Nevada Agricultural Education & FFA, we continually turn to a Clint Eastwood movie titled “The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.”

As a disclaimer, we have not performed any of the physical actions taken in this western movie. However, we have faced some good times and unfortunately some bad and ugly times this year. Below is a summary of those times as well as our plans for 2020.

THE GOOD ■ 33 Students participated in our legislative experience where they met legislators and learned about the legislative process and their role as a citizen advocate.

■ We hosted seven leadership-based trainings and conferences for our 3,000+ students. Our favorite quote from the 2019 Nevada FFA Convention is, “These jackets give us the confidence and opportunities to grow and strengthen ourselves as leaders,” Tristan Blake, 2018-2019 Nevada FFA Sentinel.

■ Our state office moved into the Nevada Department of Agriculture in Sparks.

Thank you NDA for your continued support of agricultural education.

■ Our agriculture teachers participated in numerous state professional development opportunities such as biotechnology, agriculture mechanics and industry tours.

■ We continued to support our future agriculture teachers as they prepare at UNR. ■ Students from Winnemucca FFA and

Silver Sage FFA placed 2nd in the nation for Agricultural Issues and Agriscience Fair, respectively. View more results at issuu. com/nvffa.

■ Nevada FFA Foundation held fundraisers to support our program. Thank you sponsors.

THE BAD & THE UGLY ■ Nevada Assembly Bill 309 passed redirecting funds previously provided to Career and Technical Education student organizations, which resulted in a cut of $17,833 for Nevada FFA. ■ Federal funding to the Nevada Department of Education for Career and Technical Education sub awarded to Nevada FFA was reduced by $17,834.

■ At this time, there is no guarantee that state or federal funds will be available in the future.

■ Result of Cuts: Reducing or limiting current state level student opportunities, raising student registration costs, and re-evaluating staffing priorities.

2020 PLANS ■ CONNECT: We have set up an e-newsletter to notify supporters about The Good and The Bad. Sign up by going to www. nvaged.com and clicking on the Subscribe envelope.

■ ADVOCATE: We will work with others to advocate for restoring the funds. Sign up for the e-newsletter to stay informed and be ready to take action when needed ■ SUPPORT: We are asking alumni and supporters to donate to help us fill this shortfall.

PHOTO: HEATHER DYE

FFA students stand for the pledge of allegiance with Nevada state senators during the Nevada Agricultural Youth Leadership Experience.

■ INSPIRE: We still plan to provide opportunities for our students that inspire them to be leaders.

■ As we prepare for 2020, we are striving to focus less on The Bad & The Ugly and more on the words in the first paragraph of the FFA Creed.

I believe in the future of agriculture, with a faith born not of words but of deeds — achievements won by the present and past generations of agriculturists; in the promise of better days through better ways, even as

the better things we now enjoy have come to us from the struggles of former years.

We look forward to working with you, our supporters, students and teachers to tackle the ugly from 2019 and eventually enjoy the better things for our program. For we know that it produces amazing leaders and our industry’s future workforce.

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Bull Sale Reports Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

Thank you to the following bull sales for trusting the Nevada Rancher with your advertising dollars!

Redland Angus Bull Sale

Jan. 20, Buffalo, WY 107 Bulls | $6,273 TOPS: Redland Fortunate 4087, 2/25/17 by McCumber 235 Fortunate 4154; to Mike Bayles, MT, $13,500. Redland Fortunate 137, 3/21/17 by McCumber 235 Fortunate 4154; to Carson Kravig, CO, $13,500. Redland Fortunate 767, 3/23/17 by McCumber 235 Fortunate 4154; to Roger Smith, SD, $13,000.

Redland Fortunate 1137, 3/19/17 by McCumber 235 Fortunate 4154; to John Ross, NV, $12,500.

Rollin’ Rock Genetic Partners Bull Sale

March 8, Pilot Rock, OR 161 Angus bulls | $4,719 12 Reg. heifers | $3,000 TOPS: RR Source 8055, 1/29/18 by Mytty Source; to Ox Bow Ranch, Wolf Creek, MT, $13,500. Botts Demand 8537, 1/28/18 by Sitz Demand 730D; to 9 Mile Ranch, Touchet, WA, $9,500. Botts Demand 8500, 1/19/18 by Sitz Demand 730D; to KG Angus Ranch, Three Forks, MT, $9,500. RR Protocol 8147,

2/22/18 by Crouthamel Protocol 3022; to KG Angus Ranch, Three Forks, MT, $7,500. RR Demand 8224, 3/20/18 by Sitz Demand 730D; to Dan Balleck, Clearmont, WY, $7,500.

RR Dividend 7323, 9/20/17 by Sitz Dividend 649C; to Lee Wilson, Tillamook, OR, $7,500

Sitz Angus Bull Sale

March 13, Dillon, MT 276 Yearling bulls | $6,498 TOPS: Sitz Accomplishment 720F, 1/24/18 by Poss Achievement; to ABS Global, De Forest, WI, $80,000. Sitz Barricade 632F, 2/1/18 by Sitz Stellar 726D; to Hoffman Ranch, Thedford, NE; GENEX Beef, Shawano, WI; and Rancho Casino, Denair, CA, $50,000. Sitz Vaquero 739F, 1/21/18 by HA Cowboy Up 5405; to Leadore Angus, Leadore, ID, $37,500. Sitz Invasion 670F, 1/30/18 by Sitz Invasion 574D; to Vermilion Ranch, Billings, MT, $21,000. Sitz Stellar 699F, 1/28/18 by Sitz Stellar 726D; to R Bar N Angus, Deer Lodge, MT, $21,000.

Sitz Powerball 693F, 1/28/18 by Raven Powerball 53; to Walker Land and Cattle, Mountain Home, ID, $20,500. Sitz Stellar 456F, 2/27/18 by Sitz Stellar 726D; to SHB Angus, Reardon, WA, $20,000. Sitz Stellar 707F, 1/26/18 by Sitz Stellar 726D; to Colton Hamilton, Innisfail, AB, CN, $20,000.

Sitz Achievement 518F, 2/17/18 by Poss Achievement; to Boyd Beef, Mayslick, KY, $18,500.

Isa Beefmasters Bull Sale

Oct. 5, San Angelo, Texas 131 Beefmaster bulls | $4,782 It was an excellent sale; with 41 buyers from 9 states and

Mexico taking home 131 Beefmaster bulls at an average of $4,782. Isa’s President, Lorenzo Lasater, stated the sale was strong, with excellent demand for good Beefmaster genetics even in a down market. Auctioneer Joe Goggins of Billings, MT sold the 131 bulls in the blistering time of 1 hour, 40 minutes.

The high-selling bull, San Pedro 7069, sold to Michael Deville of Louisiana for $27,500. This awesome young herd sire prospect is the son of L Bar En Fuego and was one of the overall top performers in the offering.

Volume buyers included: Alamo Ranch, NM – 15, Travis Brown, FL - 14, Lykes Brothers, FL - 12, A. Duda and Sons, FL -12, and the Wedgeworth Clan, TX - 11.

Current Isa president, Lorenzo Lasater, represents the 4th generation of the family dedicated to breeding performance Beefmaster genetics. The breed was founded by Lorenzo’s grandfather, Tom Lasater, in 1937. This year marks the 82nd anniversary of the breed.

According to Lorenzo, “This set of bulls represents over 80 years of consistent, balanced selection for economically viable cattle. These bulls will produce excellent feeder calves and replacement heifers in any environment, but especially the tougher ones. With more pounds at weaning, lower input costs, more longevity and the best mother-cow on the planet, Beefmasters can’t be beat.”

The Lasater family would like to extend their heartfelt thanks to everyone in attendance, especially the many repeat customers, including several second generation buyers. We are already working hard to bring you our 59th set of Beefmaster bulls on October 3rd, 2020.

Reserve your Bulls for 2020 Now!

50 Fall and Yearling Angus Bulls available for Spring Delivery

Taylor and Millie Wakley Taylor: 775.934.6483

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

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Millie: 775.934.2078

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Surviving the Cold

Watering in the Winter for your Livestock

Steve Foster Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

Having adequate supplies of high quality water for livestock is essential for successful livestock operations.

This can be a real challenge during the winter months, especially for ranchers who utilize watering sources that have no electricity available.

Cattle need daily access to water to meet their needs during winter months, although the total amount consumed decreases compared to warmer weather conditions. Water intake by beef cattle is quite constant up to 40°F. In colder weather, cattle need to consume more feed to meet energy needs.

For every one pound of dry matter consumed, cattle need to drink about seven pounds of water to maintain desired levels of dry matter intake.

Animal performance suffers because feed intake is suppressed when adequate access to good quality water is not available to meet their needs.

As a result, feedlot gains, lactation levels, and calf growth rates are reduced and farm production goals will be impacted.

Some producers have questioned the need for a year round water supply, since snow is usually available during winter months. Limited research has been

conducted on use of snow as a sole water source for out-wintered cattle. Canadian researchers reported that mature cows in adequate body condition (score 5 or

Rancher Nevada

MAGAZINE

higher) can maintain themselves and their calves with snow as the only water resource.

However, another study reported that

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weaned calves (450-600 pounds) had lower average daily gains (- 0.2 lbs) and reduced feed efficiency compared to calves with access to water.

The Canadian researchers also observed that eating snow is a learned behavior, and cattle preferred, clean, loose snow that they can easily scoop up with a sweeping motion using their tongue, much as they graze forages. Dirty snow, ice, crusted snow, or even dry, fluffy snow conditions may prevent adequate water intake.

Restlessness, bellowing, and interruption of regular eating patterns were observed in animals that were not meeting their water requirements due to poor snow quality and availability.

Thus, while snow may be considered an emergency water source during winters, good animal husbandry practices should include ensuring access to water to prevent winter dehydration and maintain desired animal performance.

There are several designs of winter watering systems that help deliver water to livestock during cold and windy winters.

The most common problem with a watering system in cold weather is freezing due to heat loss. Reducing heat loss from a watering system can improve efficiency by decreasing the amount of energy used.

The first step is to limit the exposure of the water tank to open air and wind. The proper placement of the tank is important. Water tanks need to be protected from the wind where possible.

The most common method is running a waterline below frost line underground. This prevents freezing of the line and allows warm air into the standpipe from the earth. A standpipe connects

the waterline to the tank. Ensure there is a good seal between the tank, concrete base pad, and standpipe. This will prevent cold air from entering into the standpipe.

For additional protection, use flexible foam insulation around the vertical supply line. This type of insulation protects the pipe down to -40 F. Typically, there is a shutoff valve where the waterline begins to run vertical.

In addition, there should be a way to drain the vertical line when not in use.

Within the tank’s housing, a float valve regulates water flow; this will eliminate the need to monitor the tank during filling.

Other options include:

1. Pump water into a large enclosed storage tank at a higher elevation. You should insulate the tank in some way, bury it or mound dirt around it. If the tank is exposed, paint it black to absorb the sun’s heat during the day. From the storage tank, run a buried line to supply the watering tanks by gravity and control this flow with a float valve. You may want to use a thermostatically controlled float valve that opens when temperatures drop below a certain point. You can position some of these valves to direct water around the outside of the watering tank to keep water open for stock. You can also pump water into the storage tank during the day so that it will continuously trickle into the watering tank at night and on cloudy days. The watering tank will need an overflow drain-field.

2. If a storage tank is not an option, you can use a solar pumping system to fill the watering tank directly during the

day. Make a small hole that allows the tank to drain slowly at night to keep water moving.

3. You can use large heavy equipment tires as watering tanks.

These help keep water open since they are black and absorb heat from the sun. They are also flexible enough not to crack if freezing occurs. These tires are often free and are very tough and can take abuse from animals.

4. Much of the heat loss from a watering tank occurs at the surface of the water. You can reduce this heat loss considerably by placing an insulated cover over a large part of the surface area of the tank. Provide openings around the edge where animals can drink. You can also insulate the sides of watering tanks with insulation material, sawdust or wood chips. Partially burying a watering tank, or berming it with earth, takes advantage of the ground’s warmth to prevent freezing.

5. Another way to make use of underground warmth is to install a culvert with a sealed bottom under the tank. You can circulate water from the culvert into the tank with a separate low- wattage solar-powered pump. This system requires a battery bank to allow for night use.

You will need to put the batteries in a non-freezing area, perhaps on a platform

above the water level in the culvert.

6. You can use a special in-tank propane heater to keep water from freezing.

7. Innovative producers have experimented with building solar-heated air or water collectors on their tanks.

A system such as this uses the sun’s heat to keep the tank from freezing.

8. Another way to use propane is to run a quarter-inch copper tube from the regulator into the water tank and crack the propane valve open slightly, just enough to allow small bubbles to flow from the tube. The bubbling action will keep water open at the spot it emerges from the tube.

A propane tank will last over a month if used in this manner. The livestock waterer can be placed in a location where the propane can be easily dispersed by the wind to prevent an accumulation of propane gas.

A propane bubbler can be constructed for about $90 from materials acquired at a hardware store. If you have an old propane bottle, you can have it filled and save about half of the cost.

“In colder weather, cattle need to consume more feed to meet energy needs. For every one pound of dry matter consumed, cattle need to drink about seven pounds of water to maintain desired levels of dry matter intake.”

Steve Foster is an Extension Educator in Pershing County for the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension. Go to extension.unr.edu to learn more.

150 FALL YEARLING AGE A DVA N TAGE ANGUS BULLS SELL catalogs mailed by request only JERRy BAkER 208.739.3449 jba#er@ba#erandmura#ami.c!m

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

27

Ranching Scrapbook

Surviving the Cold Jennifer Whiteley | Nevada Rancher Magazine

G

ood morning! May your day be filled with good thoughts, kind people and happy moments! Enjoy that cup of coffee and then conquer the day because it’s January and probably cold outside, but the cows and horses gotta eat too! Stay warm and remember, a bad day ranching beats a good day in an office job!

A young calf takes shelter from the wind on a chilly Nevada day, trying to stay warm!

PHOTO: KERI POMMERENING

Keeping his tail to the wind, a horse tries to stay warm in the horse pasture, Grouse Creek, Utah.

PHOTO: JESS ROBERTS

“I clearly remember it was around -8* as my husband Hector Cruz was bringing in the cavy,” explains Gisselle Canales-Cruz, Pitchfork Ranch, Meeteetse, Wyoming.

PHOTO: GISSELLE CANALES-CRUZ

Cowboys bring the cows home in the snow on the Hoodoo Ranch near Cody, Wyoming.

PHOTO: GISSELLE CANALES-CRUZ

28

THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

Trailing heavy cows home, the IL Ranch, Tuscarora, Nevada.

PHOTO: JESS ROBERTS

Cowboys doctor a calf on a cold day near Banner, Wyoming.

PHOTO: CADE CARTER

13-year-old Kayson Walker pitches hay for the Circle B Cattle Company in Cokeville, Wyoming.

PHOTO: KARI WALKER

From left, Mark Lundy, Jon Holland, Cody Braucher and Charlene Braucher.

Cowboys waiting for the pickups and trailers to arrive after moving cattle off winter country on the Gamble Ranch.

PHOTO: JAN BUCKMASTER

“Ducking the fog.” Suzette Bradshaw explains -- this picture is “at our ranch in McGill, Nevada. The pinto is a horse my son Coburn Bradshaw who’s a 4 time NFR saddle bronc rider practiced on when he was first starting to ride em, still bucks a little ... lol!”

PHOTO: SUZETTE BRANDSHAW

Bulls butt heads on the feed ground at GJ Livestock near McDermitt, Nevada.

PHOTO: STAHELI WILKINSON

Klint Schaefer and Todd Nash trail pairs through an old homestead near Imnaha, Oregon.

The OK Corrals, owned by Ted Payne, located on Juniper Mountain, Owyhee County, Idaho on a cold morning!

PHOTO: SHANE STANFORD

PHOTO: ANGIE NASH

THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

29

Nevada Cattlewomen Host Field Day Jessica Anderson | Anderson Cattle Company On November 21st the Nevada Cattlewomen held their first ever FFA Field Day! What a fun event. It was held in conjunction with the Nevada Cattlemen’s Convention in Elko, Nevada.

When President, Staci Emm first approached me about helping with the event, I was so excited. Having a long history of ag education and a passion for FFA, I accepted the challenge willingly.

We wanted an event that was consistent with the cattlemen’s convention but also allowed FFA members to practice their skills they had spent long hours practicing as part of their Career Development Events.

We hosted two different contests — a Meat Science Contest and an Ag Sales Contest. The meat science contest consisted of a meat identification and written test. Students had to identify retail cuts, primals, species of cuts and cooking methods. It was followed by a written test.

The ag sales contest students were given a beef related product sheet two weeks prior to the event. The day of the event they were given a cold call scenario in regards to the product — and for this year we chose Megalix Supplements.

The teams then had 10 minutes to prepare their sales pitch and then 10 minutes to pitch their product to the judges while answering the judges’ questions. We had 3 schools compete in both contests and a total of 5 teams.

Along with the team contests we had two prepared speakers who presented during

PHOTO; ASHLEY BUCKINGHAM

Winnemucca Meats Team A placed first in the Meat Evaluation Competition. Pictured, from left: Jessica Anderson, Brett Ferraro, Tristan Cassinelli, Taylie Hoyr, Brenton Baker, Dante Cassinelli, Isaac Mori, Daimon Aitken, Shelbie Hoyt, Peyton Jo Cassinelli, Advisor Jennifer Montero and Advisor Becky Hill. the Nevada Beef Council luncheon. It was a great contest for our first year.

I am excited to see the contests grow over the years and continue to give these students additional opportunities to compete

Pride in Agriculture, Pride in Performance Our Business is Earning Your Trust!

and practice with their teams in the state.

As a former high school ag educator, I couldn’t be more excited to have helped host this event.

To learn more about how ag education is

so important and how we try and incorporate it into the cattle we raise at Anderson Cattle Company and ranch direct beef we sell, visit our website at www.confessionsfromthe2aranchwife.com.

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Logan Ballard of the Wells FFA Chapter is recognized as 1st place individual 2019.

Wells Students Win Top Honors at Western National Rangeland Event Western National Rangeland Education Association Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

Fifteen FFA chapters and 68 high school students from across Idaho, Nevada, Utah and Washington tested their knowledge of rangeland management in the Western National Rangeland Career Development Event, Nov. 11-12 in Elko, NV. Wells FFA member, Logan Ballard, was name “Top Hand” taking first place and winning the coveted silver buckle. Other top individuals include Kinley Whitmarsh – Hagerman, ID (2nd), Jacob Flick – Gooding, ID (3rd), and Bryce Pose and Ryan Nelson (4th and 5th) – Hagerman, ID. Team awards recognized Hagerman FFA, ID (1st Place), Wells FFA, NV (2nd Place), and Gooding FFA, ID (3rd Place).

“This career event is designed to mimic standards commonly used in the rangeland management profession. Students get hands-on experience with skills and scenarios they may encounter later as working professionals,” said Dr. April Hulet, rangeland extension specialist at the University of Idaho. Rangelands comprise nearly half of western North America, making their proper use and management vitally important to communities and economies in western states.

“There are far more jobs than students who graduate with professional range degrees. This is a great profession and we want to identify students who want to work outside to manage these lands for wildlife, livestock, or to restore rangelands and perhaps manage fuel loads to reduce wildfire risk,” said Dr. Paul Meiman, rangeland professor at the University of Nevada-Reno.

The event was coordinated by the Western National Rangeland Education Association dedicated to raising awareness of career opportunities in rangeland conservation and management. Sponsors of the event included the Idaho Rangeland Resources Commission, Idaho Section Society for Range Management, Public Lands Foundation, and rangeland degree programs from the University of Nevada-Reno,

Wells FFA Chapter members took second place out of 15 FFA chapters and 68 high school students from across Idaho, Nevada, Utah and Washington tested their knowledge of rangeland management in the Western National Rangeland Career Development Event, Nov. 11-12 in Elko.

University of Idaho, and Montana State University.

Students competed for awards by learning to identify 81 common rangeland plants, measuring vegetation attributes for livestock and wildlife habitat, calculating an appropriate stocking rate, considering grazing management options and estimating the cost of habitat improvements.

“The event really prepares students with rangeland skills including real world math,” noted Emily Hale, a Bureau of Land Management (BLM) employee who assisted the team from Omak, WA. Several rangeland professionals joined students in the field to describe how the skills they have learned are put into practice. Representatives from natural resource agencies and organizations, including the BLM, Forest Service, and Elko County, described their job duties. Universities offering rangeland degrees, including the University of Nevada-Reno, University of Idaho and Montana State University helped students explore college degrees that lead to careers on the range.

This press release was provided to Nevada Rancher by the Western National Rangeland Education Association. Learn more about the event at www.wnrcde.org.

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PHOTO: MARVA SMITH

Our newly installed club officers! From left, Dayton McKnight as President, Allie Ross as Vice President, Ryan Wetmore as Secretary, Natalia McKnight as Treasurer, Trent Whiteley as Reporter, William Ward as Sentinel, Ella Roderick, Jessie Husbands as Sargent at Arms, and Quin Whiteley and Riley Smith as Co-Activity Leaders.

Mound Valley 4-H News

Trent Whiteley Mound Valley 4-H Club Reporter

The Mound Valley 4-H Club held its annual 4-H Achievement Night November 23rd, 2019. New officers were installed, we watched a slide show of our club activities from the past year, year pins were given out, and outstanding members were announced.

This year, Jessie Husbands was our Outstanding Senior Member, Riley Smith was our Outstanding Intermediate Member, and Quin Whiteley was our Outstanding Junior Member.

New officers installed were Dayton McKnight as President, Allie Ross as Vice President, Ryan Wetmore as Secretary, Natalia McKnight as Treasurer, Trent Whiteley as Reporter, William Ward as Sentinel, Ella Roderick as, Jessie Husbands as Sargent at Arms, and Quin Whiteley and Riley Smith as Co-Activity Leaders. After awards were announced we enjoyed a potluck Italian dinner.

Every year our 4-H Club helps the Jiggs Maggie Club put on their Turkey Carnival. All of our club members attended the carnival and helped by selling drinks for the Maggie Club. This is the Maggie Club’s biggest fundraiser, and we trade our labor

for the use of the Jiggs Community Hall for our 4-H Meetings.

December 2nd, club members Jenni and Rydan Barnes, Tamara Greenlee, Riley Smith, and Trent and Quin Whiteley helped set up and decorate our tree for the Elko Festival of Trees. Our tree was themed brands.

Our club made many different ornaments with our members brands on them to decorate the tree. The tree was sold as a fundraiser for the festival with the proceeds going to different charities chosen by the Elko County Visitors Authority. This was our first year donating a tree and it brought $300!

Next came Shop with a Cop and Adopt a Soldier the 14th of December. Our club wraps the gifts that children in Shop with a Cop purchase for their family We love to help our community and wrapping gifts is fun. Our club adopts two soldiers every year at Christmas time. We shop for things that we think they might need while they are deployed. Each family in our club writes a letter to each soldier one month of the year so that they get letters from us all year long.

We love our 4-H club and feel like the Mound Valley 4-H Club is off to a great start for 2020!

Nevada Cowboys Have Success at National Finals Rodeo Tony Erquiaga t.erquiaga@winnemuccapublishing.net

One of the biggest surprises of the 2019 National Finals Rodeo in Las Vegas, was Winnemucca rookie cowboy Trenten Montero.

Montero entered the NFR 14th in the world bareback standings, but made a steady climb up the standings throughout the 10 days.

Montero won the second go-around with a score of 90.5 points aboard Prairie Rose. Montero followed that up with a second-place run in the third performance with 89 points on Nutrena’s Bad Influence.

He continued his run up the standings in the fourth go-around tying for fifth place, along with Kaycee Field with 86.5 points.

Those three performances alone earned Montero $52,460.

Montero has made the full eight seconds in each performance, scoring 83. points in round five, 76 points in round six and 81 points in round seven. In the eighth round he scored 75 points on Craig at Midnight and in the ninth round he rode Cactus Black for 83 points. He didn’t finish in the money in each of those three rounds.

Montero was back in the money on the final night of the rodeo, finishing third aboard Virgil with a score of 89.5 points.

Montero finished 10th in the final world standings, earning $170,295.58 Winnemucca’s Mitch Pollock competed in hist first NFR in the saddle bronc, but did not have the good luck that Montero had. Pollock has two successful rides

PHOTOS: ANTHONY MORI / ELKO DAILY FREE PRESS

Winnemucca’s Mitch Pollock holds on as he makes a ride in saddle bronc at the National Finals Rodeo. throughout the 10 days. In the third performance, he scored 84 points aboard Bad Intentions. Pollock has made the full eight seconds in six other performances but was flagged for not marking his horse out of the gate. If a rider doesn’t mark his horse out, he is disqualified in that run.

Pollock’s best ride at the NFR was in the ninth performance, where he finished third on Watch the Night with a score of 87.5 points. Pollock was 13th in the final world standing, collecting $125,196.09.

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Winnemucca’s Trenten Montero makes a run in the bareback at the National Finals Rodeo, which took place Dec. 5-14 in Las Vegas.

Elko’s Dakota Eldridge was eighth in the final world standings. Eldridge won goarounds in the first and 10th performances at the NFR. Fallon’s Jade Corkill finished fourth in the world as a team roper heeler. Just

$23,000 was the difference between first and fourth place in the world standings.

Corkill won the second performance at the NFR and tied for second in the fifth performance, second in the sixth performance and fourth in the 10th performance.

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Signup Period Open for 2020 Conservation Reserve Program U.S. Department of Agriculture Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue announced the U.S. Department of Agriculture is opening signup for the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) on December 9, 2019. The deadline for agricultural producers to sign up for general CRP is February 28, 2020, while signup for continuous CRP is ongoing.

Farmers and ranchers who enroll in CRP receive a yearly rental payment for voluntarily establishing long-term, resource-conserving plant species, such as approved grasses or trees (known as “covers”) to control soil erosion, improve water quality and develop wildlife habitat on marginally productive agricultural lands.

“The Conservation Reserve Program is one of our nation’s largest conservation endeavors and a critical tool to help producers better manage their operations while conserving natural resources,” Secretary Perdue said. “The program marks its 35-year anniversary in 2020, and we’re hoping to see one of our largest signups in many years.”

CRP has 22 million acres

enrolled, but the 2018 Farm Bill lifted the cap to 27 million acres. This means farmers and ranchers have a chance to enroll in CRP for the first time or continue their participation for another term.

Signed into law in 1985, CRP is one of the largest private-lands conservation programs in the U.S. The program was originally primarily intended to control soil erosion and potentially stabilize commodity prices by taking marginal lands out of production.

This Farm Bill program has evolved over the years, providing a variety of conservation and economic benefits from coast to coast. CRP has: ■ Prevented more than 9 billion tons of soil from eroding, enough soil to fill 600 million dump trucks; ■ Reduced nitrogen and phosphorous runoff relative to annually tilled cropland by 95 and 85 percent respectively; ■ Sequestered an annual average of 49 million tons of greenhouse gases, equal to taking 9 million cars off the road; ■ Created more than 3 million acres of restored wetlands while protecting more than 175,000 stream miles

with riparian forest and grass buffers, enough to go around the world 7 times; and ■ Benefited bees and other pollinators and increased populations of ducks, pheasants, turkey, bobwhite quail, prairie chickens, grasshopper sparrows and many other birds.

By enrolling in CRP, producers are improving water quality, reducing soil erosion, and restoring habitat for wildlife. This in turn spurs hunting, fishing, recreation, tourism, and other economic development across rural America.

CRP Enrollment Options GENERAL SIGNUP CRP general signup will be held annually. The competitive general signup will now include increased opportunities for enrollment of wildlife habitat through the State Acres For Wildlife Enhancement (SAFE) initiative.

CONTINUOUS SIGNUP While some practices under SAFE will remain available through continuous signup, CRP continuous signup will focus primarily on water quality within the Clean Lakes, Estuaries, and

Rivers (CLEAR) Initiative.

The 2018 Farm Bill prioritizes water quality practices such as contour grass strips, filter strips, riparian buffers, wetlands and a new prairie strip.

USDA will also be working with Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) partners to relaunch CREP continuous options in each state under new statutory provisions. CREP will continue to target high-priority local, state or regional conservation concerns.

GRASSLANDS SIGNUPS CRP Grasslands signup helps landowners and operators protect grassland, including rangeland, and pastureland and certain other lands while maintaining the areas as grazing lands.

A separate CRP Grasslands signup will be offered each year following general signup.

The sign-up period for CRP Grasslands in 2020 runs from March 16, 2020 to May 15, 2020.

PILOT PROGRAMS Later in 2020, USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) will roll out pilot programs within CRP: CLEAR 30, which allows contracts expiring with CLEAR practices

to be reenrolled in 30-year contracts and in the Soil Health and Income Protection Program (SHIPP) in the prairie pothole region.

More information on these programs will be announced in the new year.

LAND TRANSITION The CRP Transition Incentives Program (TIP) is an option for producers interested in transitioning land to a beginning farmer or rancher or a member of a socially disadvantaged group to return land to production for sustainable grazing or crop production.

CRP contract holders no longer need to be a retired or retiring owner or operator to transition their land. TIP participants may have a lease less than five years with an option to purchase, and they have two years before the end of the CRP contract to make conservation and land improvements.

PREVIOUSLY EXPIRED LAND Land enrolled in CRP under a 15-year contract that expired in September 2017, 2018 or 2019, may be eligible for enrollment if there was no opportunity for re-enrollment and the practice under

the expired contract has been maintained.

CRP RATES AND PAYMENTS FSA recently posted updated soil rental rates for CRP. County average rates are posted on the CRP Statistics webpage. Soil rental rates are statutorily prorated at 90 percent for continuous signup and 85 percent for general signup.

The rental rates will be reviewed annually. Under continuous signup, producers also receive incentives, including a signup incentive payment and a practice incentive payment.

MORE INFORMATION CRP marks its 35-year anniversary in 2020, and FSA will continue to highlight the impacts of the program that was created in 1985 and the many stewardship-minded farmers, ranchers and landowners who have participated over the years. Go to fsa.usda. gov/crp to learn more and to enroll.

This press release was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Farm Service Agency. Go to fsa.usda.gov to learn more.

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

Managing First-Calf Heifers Steve Foster Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

First-calf heifers are among the most challenged members of the herd.

They require special care to successfully make the transition from birthing their first calf to becoming a reproductively efficient cow that produces a healthy calf each year and breeds back early. Which, should be the goal of heifer management.

The first-calf heifer, which may breed for the first time at about 15 months and have the first calf when she is two years old, faces many physical and nutritional stresses associated with: ■ Parturition (Calving) ■ Lactation ■ Continuing her own growth (she won’t be mature until age 3) ■ Maintaining an optimal body condition score ■ Repairing the reproductive tract ■ Overcoming any post-partum disease and returning to normal estrus cycles ■ Preparing to conceive in her second breeding season The first hurdle for the first-calf heifer is to become pregnant during their second

breeding season. In most cattle operations, cows that do not calve once a year are culled (Sold) because they become an economical liability.

If you can ensure that your first-calf heifers are pregnant by the end of the second breeding season, most of your goals regarding first-calf heifer management will have been achieved.

A Body Condition Score (BCS is an estimate of the relative fatness of beef cattle. A ninepoint BCS scale can be used to manage the cow herd. 1=Thin, 9=Fat) of 6 at calving appears to be optimum for first calf heifers to achieve successful calving and reproductive performance.

BCS is an excellent tool for monitoring nutritional status and for making decisions regarding changes in the nutrition and management of first-calf heifers.

A Louisiana study found that first-calf heifers with a BCS of 6 or 7 had higher pregnancy rates and a shorter interval from calving to pregnancy than heifers with a BCS of 4 or 5.

Before calving, all heifers should be at 85 percent of mature body weight. The last three months of gestation is critical for both the calf and the heifer.

Approximately 70 percent of fetal growth occurs during this

period. This is also a critical time for preparing the heifer nutritionally for calving, lactation, and rebreeding.

To be reproductively efficient, a heifer needs energy, protein, minerals and fat to support growth and performance, including reproduction, bone structure, muscle development, milk production, digestion and metabolism.

One of the challenges is providing a high-quality diet to these females after calving.

In many situations, the energy needs are not met and the firstcalf female loses weight and body condition from the time of calving to the start of the breeding season.

The pounds of protein or energy needed by the first-calf female compared to a mature cow at the same stage of gestation or lactation are not all that different. However, the percent of the diet that needs to be protein or energy between these two groups of females is different.

The difference is because of the amount of feed/forage that they can eat. The mature cow can eat more feed compared to the younger female.

In addition to providing good nutrition, manage your first-calf heifers by keeping them apart from more mature cows, which

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SOURCES: XManagement Tips for First Calf Heifers, Purina Mills, Inc. XFeeding First-Calf Females After Calving, Rick Rasby, Beef Specialist, University of Nebraska can be aggressive competitors for food, adding even more stress to the life of the first-calf heifer.

The first-calf-females post-calving need to consume a diet that is at least 62% TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients) and 10% to 11% crude protein, depending on level of milk production.

Feeding meadow hay that tests 58% TDN and 12% crude protein, prairie hay that tests 54% TDN and 6.5% crude protein, bromegrass hay that is 58% TDN and 11% crude protein, or early-bloom alfalfa that is 60% TDN and 20% crude will not meet the first-calf-female’s energy (TDN) needs, whether feeding individually or in a combination of feeds. Some of these forages will not meet their protein needs.

A high energy feed needs to be supplemented. Corn, gluten feed, 20% cube, or silage may be good choices. Make sure the protein requirement is met,

especially when corn or silage is fed.

In ranch situations, the supplement may be fed on the ground instead of in bunks.

Depending on the quality of the hay and the energy content of the supplement, it may take two to three pounds per head per day to meet requirements.

Likely there is minimal waste when feeding an energy cube/ cake or whole shell corn.

A young beef female poses challenges, but she is the future of your cow herd. Don’t short her after calving, especially don’t skimp on the energy.

She has enough challenges between calving and the beginning of the breeding season. Don’t over-feed her, but give her an opportunity to be a productive part of the herd.

Steve Foster is an Extension Educator in Pershing County for the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension. Go to extension.unr.edu to learn more.

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2019 Nevada Cattleman’s Association Annual Awards Banquet Nevada Cattlemen’s Association Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

During the November 22, 2019, Nevada Cattlemen’s Association (NCA) Convention Awards Banquet held in Elko, Nevada, President Sam Mori, announced this year’s recipients for the

Allied Industry Award, Teacher of the Year Award, President’s Award, Cattlemen of the Year Award and the Hall of Honor Award.

At the discretion of the organization’s President, these awards are given annually to individuals in recognition of significant contributions to the NCA, their

community, the land, and the beef industry.

In attendance to also present certificates to award recipients were Travis Brewer LaChapelle, Deputy Northern Nevada Director for Senator Jacky Rosen and Martin Paris, Rural Representative for U.S. Congressman Mark Amodei.

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The NCA Allied Industry Award was presented to Mike Olson of Pro Group Management. Mike provides the type of service and displays the character and integrity we all search out to do business with. In recognition of this NCA sponsored award, Mike was presented a plaque in appreciation to his continued support of the Association.

The Teacher of the Year was presented by Sue Hoffman, recognizing Brenna White as the 2019 Award recipient. Ms. White teaches at Al Seeliger Elementary School in Carson City, NV. She integrates agricultural learning opportunities paired with education standards in her science and social studies units. She will receive a $1,000 stipend to use on school supplies, donated by the Nevada Agriculture Foundation.

Each year, the President honors an individual who they feel has served the industry with dedication and passion by presenting them with the President’s

Award. This year’s recipient of the President’s Award went to Neil McQueary for his continuous dedication and efforts on behalf of the Association.

The 2019 NCA Cattlemen of the Year was awarded to John Jackson. This award is the most prestigious award that NCA bestows upon one of its own. It was established to recognize NCA members who have made significant contributions to the livestock industry.

John has devoted countless hours serving the livestock industry, and the NCA is proud to recognize him as the Cattlemen of the Year.

Presenting the award was NCA President Mori and Kelly Barnes from American AgCredit. He was awarded an American Western Hat, compliments of American AgCredit.

The 2019 Hall of Honor was given to two recipients this year, Harvey Barnes and Boyd Spratling. This award honors those who contributed so much to the industry within their lifetime.

Lastly, the NCA Executive Committee was recognized and received a hand-forged steak flipper made by NCA Past President, Ron Torell.

These were given as appreciation for the tireless efforts put forth on behalf of the livestock industry.

After the program, Sam Mori thanked NCA membership for their continuous contributions to the industry. The leadership gavel was passed into the hands of Tom Barnes of Jiggs, Nevada. Tom and the NCA officer team presented Sam with a snaffle bit to thank him for his years dedicated to serving the industry.

Tom brings a lot of passion, dedication, and knowledge to the podium. NCA is confident he will serve the industry well as he leads our Association over the next two years.

This press release was provided to Nevada Rancher by the Nevada Cattlemen’s Association. Go to www. nevadacattlemen.org to learn more.

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

Let’s eat!

Stuffed Pepperoncini Jennifer Whiteley | Nevada Rancher Magazine Happy New Year! We hope that 2020 is the best year yet! We hope this year brings high prices for livestock, good moisture, and a good hay year for all.

One of my favorite meals to serve is finger foods. I like this for Christmas Eve, New Year’s Eve, Super Bowl Sunday and even for a lazy weeknight! My boys are grazers, so finger foods are right up their alley. They would graze all day long if I let them, and the more chips and dip the better!

We rang in our New Year at the Outlaw Broncs New Year’s Eve Bronc Bash in Winnemucca with TR getting on a mini bull! If we stayed home, these delightful little pepperoncinis would have definitely been on the menu.

The first time I tasted this recipe, it was at a Mountain City branding, and I was so disappointed I never got the recipe from the lady who made it.

Yay for Pinterest, I finally found it! This is a favorite of the Cowboss, and very easy to make. I sub onions for shallots, and usually have all of the ingredients on hand.

Stuffed Pepperoncini (recipe via www.epicurious.com)

Ingredients: ■ 6 slices bacon, cut into small pieces ■ 1/3 cup minced shallots ■ 1 red bell pepper, minced ■ 1 (8 ounce) package cream cheese, softened ■ 1 tablespoon milk ■ 32 ounces pepperoncini

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Preparation*: In a large skillet, cook bacon over medium heat until bacon is browned. Move bacon to paper towels. Keep bacon drippings. In drippings, cook shallots and red pepper over medium heat until vegetables are tender. Cook about 5 minutes.

Remove skillet from heat and let cool for 20 minutes.

In a small bowl, beat cream cheese and milk with an electric mixer at medium speed until smooth. Stir bacon and shallot into the mixture.

Spoon cream cheese mixture into a heavy weight plastic

bag. Cut a small hole in one corner to squeeze the filling from. With small knife, cut a slit lengthwise into each pepper. Do not cut the whole way through the pepper.

By squeezing the bag, pipe cream cheese mixture into peppers. Cover and refrigerate for at least 1 hour, up to one day. *I recommend running the bacon and veggies through a chopper/grinder or blender before adding to the cream cheese and milk. Makes it much easier to pipe it into the peppers!

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CHECKING IN ON YOUR BEEF CHECKOFF

Nevada Beef Council Update – January 2020 NBC Fall Campaign: Beef and Tailgating Nevada Beef Council Staff With tailgating in full swing for ardent football fans this fall, the Nevada Beef Council (NBC) launched an integrated marketing campaign combining the experience of tailgating with the deliciousness of beef on the grill.

Because no matter if they sport blue or red as they cheer on their favorite Nevada football team, all fans can agree on one thing: BEEF is the favorite when it comes to tailgating foods.

The NBC’s “Elevate Your Tailgate” campaign (which launched in September) featured a variety of elements designed to encourage consumers to purchase beef, including a $4 rebate on Tri Tip steaks or roasts, 12 ounces or larger, through the mobile retail app Ibotta.

To unlock this enticing offer, shoppers simply had to view a 15 second video sharing information about the checkoff-funded “Chuck Knows Beef,” the beef-centric virtual assistant created using Google Artificial Intelligence that is available on smart speakers.

Offering a purchase incentive is one of the best ways to drive beef purchases at the retail level. Pew research shows that 81% of Americans own a smartphone device, and the Ibotta app is the #5 most-used shopping app (behind Amazon, ebay, OfferUp, and Groupon).

Not only has Ibotta proven to be a cost-effective way for the NBC to offer a purchase incentive, but we also are able to obtain metrics about those that are engaging with our beef brand and purchasing beef.

In years past, the NBC conducted on-pack coupons at the meat case with individual retailers, which was costly and limited to specific retailers. Ibotta provides a real-time online dashboard that tracks purchases, including brand engagements, impressions, and redemptions, as well as demographic info, such as age and gender. Ibotta has

® proven to be a very successful retail element of our beef promotional campaigns.

Like other integrated marketing campaigns the NBC has conducted in recent years, Elevate Your Tailgate also incorporated a number of other elements to reach consumers on their path-to-purchase, including a comprehensive radio and digital advertising campaign targeting Nevada consumers, focusing on the Reno and Las Vegas markets. The advertising resulted in over 3.9 million impressions by Nevada consumers.

In terms of action taken by these consumers as measured by engagement through Ibotta, the results are still coming in, as a limited amount of funding was still available for the beef rebates at press time. However, the initial results were impressive.

The total number of brand engagements (or the number of consumers who watched the NBC video through the Ibotta app in order to unlock the $4 rebate) totaled 12,528, with over 1.3 million brand impressions through the app as of early December.

The total number of rebates redeemed (in other words, the number of shoppers who downloaded the rebate, watched the video, and then went on to purchase a Tri Tip roast) was 3,189, with that number expected to climb as the rebate continues to be offered.

New white paper outlines minimal environmental impact of U.S. beef A white paper detailing the minimal environmental footprint of beef production in the

U.S. was recently published by the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA), a contractor to the Beef Checkoff.

The white paper, authored by Sara Place, PhD, former senior director of sustainable beef production research at NCBA, highlights why and how the U.S. is the leader in sustainable beef production.

U.S. beef production, particularly when it comes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is often misrepresented with global statistics that fuel inaccurate reports and misconceptions. The new white paper addresses this issue by sharing the most recent data indicating that only 3.7 percent of U.S. GHG emissions come directly from beef cattle. By comparison, globally, beef cattle account for 6 percent of GHG emissions.

To put U.S. beef production further into perspective, all of agriculture, including beef cattle and other animal and crop agriculture, accounts for 8.4 percent of U.S. GHG emissions. Comparatively, transportation accounts for 28 percent of GHG emissions in the U.S.2 On global scale, all livestock agriculture accounts for 14.5 percent of GHG emissions, which is often used inaccurately to represent U.S. beef emissions.

These variations can largely be attributed to different regional production practices. As the white paper notes, cattle production in the U.S., due to scientific advancements in beef cattle genetics, nutrition, husbandry practices, and biotechnologies, has one of the lowest beef GHG emissions intensities in the world. In fact, GHG emissions intensity in the U.S. is 10–50 times lower than other parts of the world.

The white paper also details the results of improved efficiencies in beef cattle production in the U.S. during the past several decades. For example, compared to the mid-1970’s, today the U.S. produces the same amount of beef with one-third fewer

cattle. Furthermore, the U.S. produces around 18 percent of the world’s beef with only 8 percent of the world’s cattle herd.

These efficiencies are possible due to improved productivity practices, refined genetics, nutrition and scientific advancements.

To read the full white paper and learn more about the findings it includes — as well as to view the sources and citations used within — go to bit.ly/35xrweF. Or, visit BeefItsWhatsForDinner.com and click on “Newsroom.”

Easy Sheetpan Meatloaf and Vegetables Nevada Beef Council Staff With the holidays behind us but the winter chill still at our doors, there’s nothing better than a delicious comfort food like meatloaf on the table during a cold night. This take on a favorite recipe is not only tasty, but easy to assemble and cook as well. And the best part? Clean-up is a snap!

Ingredients: ■ 1 -1/2 pounds Ground Beef ■ 1 can (8 ounces) tomato sauce, divided ■ 1 cup dry bread crumbs ■ 1 small onion, finely chopped ■ 1 egg ■ 2 teaspoons Worcestershire sauce ■ 1 teaspoon dried thyme leaves ■ 1/2 teaspoon salt

38

■ 1/4 teaspoon pepper ■ 2 pounds red potatoes, cut into 3/4 inch cubes ■ 1/2 teaspoon garlic salt ■ 1/2 teaspoon pepper

Topping: ■ 1 tablespoon packed brown sugar ■ 1 teaspoon dry mustard

Cooking:

1. Heat oven to 400°F. Reserve 1/4 cup of tomato sauce; set aside.

2. Combine Ground Beef, remaining tomato sauce, bread crumbs, onion, egg, Worcestershire sauce, thyme, salt and pepper in large bowl; mixing lightly but thoroughly.

3. Shape beef mixture into 8 x 4 x 2-inch loaf on parchment-lined sheet pan.

Vegetables:

1. Toss potatoes with nonstick cooking spray, garlic salt and pepper. Spread potatoes evenly around the meatloaf on the sheet pan.

2. Place sheet pan on the center rack of oven, bake in preheated 400°F oven for 40 minutes.

Meanwhile, combine reserved tomato sauce with brown sugar and dry mustard. Spread sauce evenly over top of the meatloaf, stir potatoes, and continue cooking another 20 minutes or until instant-read thermometer inserted into center of meatloaf registers 160°F. 3. Cook’s Tip: Cooking times are for fresh or thoroughly thawed Ground Beef. Color is not a reliable indicator of Ground Beef doneness.

4. Remove meatloaf and let

THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

COURTESY PHOTO

stand 10 minutes before slicing.

Test potatoes for doneness and return to oven if needed while meatloaf rests. Cut meatloaf into slices. Serve with potatoes.

Four-Pepper Meatloaf Variation: Prepare meatloaf as above, adding 1/3 cup finely chopped green bell pepper, 1/4 teaspoon ground red pepper and 1/4

teaspoon ground white pepper to Ground Beef mixture.

Picadillo-Style Meatloaf Variation: Prepare meatloaf as above, omitting thyme and adding 1/3 cup finely chopped green bell pepper, 1/4 cup raisins, 1 teaspoon ground cumin and 1/2 teaspoon dried oregano leaves to Ground Beef mixture.

All in a Day’s Ride

Recalling The Winter Of 1953

B

orn and raised at the base of the Ruby Mountains, seven miles south of a wide spot in the road, called Deeth, Nevada — also known as one of the coldest spots in the nation most mornings.

I remember as a kid growing up on the Deer Horn Ranch in Starr Valley, the morning ritual was the weather report.

Mother would have a big hearty breakfast on the kitchen table, we’d all set down and Dad would turn on the radio. No TV in those days! Every David W. morning Glaser this ol boy would give the Ranchers news and the weather, then he would finish by saying, “And the coldest spot on the west is Deeth Nevada with a minus 24 degrees.”

Every once in while it would be some place else, Cut Bank Montana was usually pushing Deeth for the honor. You know, as a dumb-assed kid, I was excited that we were the coldest, even though I knew I had to go do the chores and milk the cow.

Hey, just another day in Paradise.

One of the things us kid learned the hard way was water management. There were no plastic buckets in those days, just 5-gallon metal buckets. Old grease or oil buckets. If you left one of them filled at night, you had a nice 5-gallon block of ice, that you couldn’t get out of the bucket.

An ol cowboy who occasionally stopped by for Mom’s breakfast told us kids, “No critter in his right mind will get out of his warn bed for a drink after it’s dark!”

PHOTO: DAVID GLASER

During that harsh winter of 1953, the buffalo were playful, all things considered.

So, it was dump the buckets, fill them in the morning. The water system was an old cast iron hand pump, which you did not want to touch with your bare hand, cause you’d get stuck to it. It worked best if you filled and packed two at a time. It kept you warm and made muscles, that’s how come my sister has such broad shoulders.

We had little trails to every watering location, cause we always had at least 6 to 10 inches of snow. The best kept trail was to the chicken house, where Mothers precise little hens, got hot water from the house twice a day!

I remember one year, I think it was around 1953 or 4, we got so much snow and the wind blew so hard, we had a

“Snow Day” from school for a month. It had blown and snowed so hard one night, that the drifts were over the fences and the hay stacks.

My little brother looked out the window and hollered at my Dad, “Dad, the cows are standing on top of the hay stack!”

It turned out so bad they had to bring in B52 bombers to drop bales of hay to feed the cows. As a kid I thought it was pretty cool and the ranch yard was filled with snow and drifts, which we immediately turned into forts an tunnels, some of which lasted till June.

Back to the future, at the barn in Parma Idaho, Wow, woke up this morning to blowing snow an drifting. Kinda

Not So Desolate Ranch Wife

I

A Buck-Off Saga

was playing outside with my kids the other day when I observed a little buck-off saga featuring my downthe-road neighbors.

It was a warm, sunny fall day, perfect for late-season gardening, bike riding, or trail riding. I was busy adding assorted organic matter to my garden beds. My two older kids jumped on the trampoline while my toddler followed me around and ate dirt.

I glanced toward the road, where I saw two horseback riders leisurely walking toward the pubJolyn lic land access gate locatYoung ed across the paved road from our property. One was riding a Paint horse, and the other was mounted on a bay horse.

They were enjoying a warm Saturday morning after a string of cold days — which they probably spent cooped up in an office — by trail riding with their backyard equine companions.

I smiled to myself and silently wished them a happy ride. I also felt a tad bit jealous. In my pre-motherhood days, riding a good horse on a fall day was my absolute favorite way to spend several hours.

The riders plodded onward and I turned back to my gardening project. I watched my older kids perform aerial tricks on the trampoline that largely involved them yelling

“Mom, watch this!” and then doing a somersault.

After about twenty minutes, I looked up and saw a lone rider on a bay horse trotting slowly behind a saddled, riderless Paint horse. The Paint horse trotted steadily and purposefully toward the direction it had come with a rider just a few minutes before. The rider on the bay horse stalwartly maintained his following distance, neither gaining nor losing ground.

None of the three seemed bothered. I assumed the second rider was slowly walking behind the two horses and his friend. About five minutes later, I looked up and saw the already-riderless Paint horse followed by a riderless, saddled bay horse. A lone person walked behind the pair.

Nobody seemed hurt, so I allowed myself an internal chuckle.

Because who hasn’t been bucked off, right? In this case, the situation was accidentally perfectly calculated to separate horse and rider: 1. We’d had a string of several cold days.

2. It was a weekend morning, so the horse owners were probably eager to get horseback on a valuable day off.

3. The weather was warm, so the riders most likely neglected to warm up their horses before mounting up and taking off.

So, I share this little saga as a reminder to warm up your horse before riding, especially when the weather turns cooler and horses feel friskier. A little prior preparation could make the difference between a pleasant fall ride and a humble fall/walk.

reminded me of the winter of “53.”

It was a wintry day at the Deer Horn Ranch, lot of snow on the ground and big ol flakes drifting down. The buffalo were playful, the colts were a bit frisky, the cow boss was nuts and the cowgirl was tough, but everyone was having fun!

Shawna Back was riding Ace, Dave was riding Panther Piss, (That was his barn name) and the three Buffs, Larry, Curley and Moe were making tracks in the snow.

Good Memories and Great Fun! It’s all in a Day’s Ride!

Contact David to purchase his book at dhranch3@gmail.com, or call 208-989-5404.

Home Country

T

“

he highlight of the week before New Year’s,” said Steve, semi solemnly, “is to be able to tell your pals ‘See you next year.’”

“Really?” said Dud. “That’s it? How about now that we’re hip deep … almost … in the new year? What do you do now that is encouraging?”

“Well,” Steve said, sipping his coffee and sending a jealous eye to Doc’s sweet roll, “one of my New Year’s resolutions is to figure out what to look forward to the first week of January. I mean … now we have to start worrying Slim Randles about taxes and scoopin’ up all Guest Column those receipts so the IRS can tell us we can’t use them. Right?

And it’s January, so it’s cold, and it gets dark early. And I dare any of you to try to forget it’s winter by watching a football game played in the Midwest in two feet of snow.”

Doc took a bite of sweet roll, being careful to get that pulverized white frosting gently misting down to his necktie. He took a couple of chews and swallowed. It was its usual great sweet roll and deserved a smile.

“Steve,” said Doc, “you need a hobby. When the outside world isn’t interesting enough to keep you optimistic, go find something you enjoy doing, and do it.”

“Like what, Doc? I can’t play guitar or collect stamps. I just can’t.”

“Then you make up your own hobby, Steve, like bull kicking.”

“What?”

“Sure. Walk out in the pasture and kick one of those old bulls in the butt.”

“But he’ll chase me.”

“Of course,” said Doc, “but you can use the exercise.”

Brought to you by our radio show, “Home Country with Slim Randles.” Let us know if you like it. I know you know how to find it.

THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

39

Market report Stock Cattle by Weight 500-600 600-700 lb.

700-800 800+ lb.

Breakers (Fat Cows) lb. lb.

159- 200 avg 156- 190 avg 154-189 138-152.50 127-133.50 110-128.50 avg Boners (Med. Flesh) Steers avg avg avg Cutters (Lean) 133-173 avg 131-168 avg 128-136 127-130.50 92-94 avg 82-93 avg Heifers avg .50 avg Shelly Cutters (Thin) Preg Tested 3,4,5 year solid Top cow: 1,700 lbs (avg. 63) mouth 1,030-1,330 December 14th, ​ ​ 2019 sale; volume: N/A. Single, small-framed or plainer cattle 30 to 65 less than top offering.

300-400 lb.

Fallon Livestock LLC Fallon, Nevada

400-500 lb.

Stock Cattle by Weight

Steers Heifers

Cattlemen’s Livestock Marketing Galt, Calif.

300-400 lb. #2 quality

400-500 lb. #1 quality

No test 100-130

158-192 No Test

500-600 lb. #1 quality 140-165 120-142

600-700 lb. #1 quality 1130-145 120-137

Slaughter Cattle Butcher 60-63 Bulls

72-75.50

55-57

Shelly Bulls

No Test

53-57

Cutter Bulls

No Test

No test

Top Bull

78.50

Slaughter Cattle 700-800 lb. #1 quality 1125-144 120-131

800+ lb. #1 quality

Boner Cows

62-70

No Test No Test

Breaker Cows Cutter Cows

57-65 30-60

Bulls

70-78

Pairs: No Test December 11, 2019 sale; volume 2,063. Market notes:Compared to the previous week slaughter cattle were $2-$4 lower. Compared to the previous week feeder cattle under 650 lbs. were steady to $5 lower. Compared to the previous week feeder cattle over 650 lbs. were steady to $5 lower.

Shasta Livestock Auction Yard, Cottonwood, Calif.

Steers Heifers

160-217

Stock Cattle by Weight 500-600 600-700 lb. lb.

135-182.50 120-147

700-800 800+ lb. lb.

114-138.50 112-140.50

120-152

115-148

120-135

300-400 lb.

400-500 lb.

160-216- few 130-160

110-137.50

115-131.50 few

High yielding

Slaughter Cattle 59-65 Bulls

Medium yielding

46-58

Low yielding

30-45

50-80.50

December 13th, 2019 sale; volume 2,857. Market notes: We had a good winter kickoff special with lots of buyer action, especially on greass cattle. Steers under 600 lbs $5 to $12 higher. Heifers and yearlings generally steady with 4-weight heifers higher. Small groups, off lots and singles $30-$70 below top pen lots.

7 Rivers Livestock Commission Emmett, ID

300-400 lb.

400-500 lb.

No Test

164-200

Stock Cattle by Weight 500-600 600-700 lb. lb.

145-157 135-145

Heifers No Test Heiferettes: No Test

141-156

124-136

Steers

117-125

700-800 lb.

800+ lb.

High Yielding

Slaughter Cattle 59-65 Bulls

133-139

120-124

Medium Yield

55-57

No Test

No Test

Low Yield

47-53

Bred Heifers Pairs, full mouth No Test No Test ​ December 10th 2019 Watch ​ our Facebook page for updates. Calves and feeders are steady to $2.00 weaker in spots as growyards and feedlots are at full capacity. Butcher cows were $4.00 strongerTo consign or other questions call the office @ 208-365-4401 Sale every Tuesday at high noon.

Stock Cattle by Weight

Producers Livestock, Salina, Utah

No Test

Steers Heifers

Slaughter Cattle

300-400 lb.

400-500 lb.

500-600 lb.

600-700 lb.

700-800 lb.

800+ lb.

160-195

152-181.50

140-169

130.50-140

123-138

122-136

147.50-172.50 140-168.75

122-150.50 115-140

Pairs: No Test

Heiferettes: 76.25-77.75

Commercial/Utility Cows

40.50-67 .75

Cutting Bulls

No Test

Slaughter Bulls

65.30-70.25

110-128.75 No Test

December 17th, ​ ​ 2019; Volume: 1,533 The figures on this report are computer generated from “The Hottest Sale in the West” at Producers Livestock in Salina, UT. Notes: For great service contact the Salina Producers Auction at (435) 529-7437. For current market information call toll free 1-888-287-1702.

Producers Livestock, Vale, Ore.

40

Steers Heifers

145-187

Stock Cattle by Weight 500-600 600-700 lb. lb.

132-160 120-145

700-800 lb.

118-133

122-125

131-155

117-139

110-125

115-120

300-400 lb.

400-500 lb.

160-190 151-170

114-127

800+ lb.

Butcher Cows – bulk Shelly Cows Thin

Slaughter Cattle Butcher Bulls 46-55 37-45

Top Bull

52-70 72

Older BM Cows Pairs-Running Age Heiferettes: No Test No Test 1,200-1,500 December 11th, ​ ​ 2019 Volume: 2,024. ​ There was a good test of the stock cow market with over 400 hd offered. February-March calving cows were in high demand across all age groups. Feeders were cheaper, due to smaller pen lot sizes.​ Questions about the market and/or to consign, call Producers Livestock, Vale Oregon, at (541) 473-3136

THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

AUCTION DIRECTORY Get the most up-to-date market reports by visiting these websites

NEVADA

CALIFORNIA

Nevada Livestock Marketing LLC Sale every Wednesday 1025 North Allen Road, Fallon, Nevada Office: 775-423-7760 Fax: 775-423-1813 www.nevadalivestock.us

Fallon Livestock LLC Sale every Tuesday 2055 Trento Lane, Fallon, Nevada Office: 775-867-2020 Fax: 775-867-2021 www.fallonlivestock.com

Superior Livestock Auction Load-lots of cattle sold via satellite and internet Northern Nevada Representative Allie Bear Office: 775-738-8534 www.superiorlivestock.com

Shasta Livestock Auction Yard Sale every Friday Cottonwood, California Office: 530-347-3793 Fax: 530-347-0329 www.shastalivestock.com

Cattlemen’s Livestock Market Sale every Wednesday 12495 E. Stockton Blvd., Galt, California Office: 209-745-1515 www.clmgalt.com

Treasure Valley Livestock Auction Beef sale every Friday; general sale every other Saturday 1901 E. Chicago, Caldwell, Idaho Office: 208-459-7475; 800-788-4429 www.treasurevalleylivestock.com

Twin Falls Livestock Commission Sales every Wednesday and Saturday 630 Commercial Ave. Twin Falls, Idaho Office: 208-733-7474 www.twinfallslivestock.com

OREGON Producers Livestock Marketing

IDAHO Producers Livestock Marketing Association Cattle auction every Tuesday; dairy auction every other Wednesday 11 South 100 West, Jerome, Idaho Office: 208-324-4345 www.producerslivestock.com

Sale every Wednesday P.O. Box 67, Vale, Oregon Office: 541-473-3136 www.producerslivestock.com

Central Oregon Livestock Auction Sale Every Monday 3457 S.W. Hwy. 97, Madras, Oregon Office: 541-475-3851

www.centraloregonlivestockauction.com

L i v e s t o c k A u c t i o n S e rv i c e s LIVESTOCK

SALE EVERY TUESDAY

SALE JAN. 8 & 9 JAN. 19 BELL RINGER

Denver, CO

VIDEO AUCTION

Catalog Deadline January 13

FEB. 6 VIDEO AUCTION

Catalog Deadline January 27

Contact Nevada Representative Allie Bear • 775.738.8534 • www.superiorlivestock.com

Rancher Nevada

TREASURE VALLEY

LIVESTOCK

2055 Trento Lane, Fallon, NV 89406 (775) 867-2020 - Fax (755) 867-2021 FallonLivestock.com - Email FallonLivestock@gmail.com

Every Second & Fourth Saturday @ 11am

Tommy Lee, Owner (775) 741-4523 office (775) 217-2259

BUTCHER CATTLE, STOCK COWS & PAIRS

LIVESTOCK

CALVES, HOGS, SHEEP & GOATS BEEF CATTLE, FEEDER CATTLE, Friday @ 10am • No More Monday Sales

MAGAZINE

SALE EVERY WEDNESDAY! FOLLOW US ON FACEBOOK AND INSTAGRAM FOR EXCITING GIVEAWAYS, CONVERSATION, AND MORE!

@NVRancherMagazine

Jack Payne, Mgr.: 775-217-9273 Carey Hawkins: 208-724-6712 Office: 775-423-7760

208-459-7475 800-788-4429

THE NEVADA RANCHER — JANUARY 2020

41

ADVANTAGE UPCOMING VIDEO SALES:

Thursday, Jan 23, 2020

• Reduce stress on cattle

Tehama District Fairgrounds Red Bluff, CA Consignment deadline Jan 15, 2020 Internet Sale

• No freight costs to market • National market exposure • Opportunity to improve value propositions/differentiate • Deposit per head on sale day; balance on delivery • Representation by bonded Western Video Market personnel • World-class, experienced auctioneers • Reduce risk; method of forward contracting

Watch and Listen to the sale on the web at...

Friday, Mar 6, 2020 WVM Headquarters, Cottonwood, CA Consignment deadline Feb 27, 2020 Internet Sale

Market your cattle with the professionals!

Steve Lucas • Paradise Valley • (775) 761-7575 Mark Venturacci • Fallon • (775) 427-8713 Gary Nolan • Elko • (775) 734-5678

For details please call our office at 530-347-3793 or email us at wvm@wvmcattle.com Look for the catalog and pictures on our web site: www.wvmcattle.com

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THD ©

CLM REPRESENTATIVES Jake Parnell .............................. 916-662-1298 George Gookin ........................ 209-482-1648 Rex Whittle................................209-996-6994 Mark Fischer ............................. 209-768-6522 Kris Gudel .................................. 916-208-7258 Steve Bianchi ...........................707-484-3903 Joe Gates ................................... 707-694-3063 Jason Dailey .............................916-439-7761 Brett Friend ............................... 510-685-4870

WEDNESDAY SALES Butcher Cows ................................8:30 a.m.

JOIN US IN THE NEW YEAR EARLY 2020 SPECIAL FEEDER SALES

Wed., January 8, 12 p.m.

Wed., January 15, 12 p.m.

Wed., February 5, 12 p.m.

FOLLOW US ON FACEBOOK OR VISIT OUR WEBSITE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIALS IN 2020

CLM ANNUAL REPLACEMENT FEMALE SALE & 52ND CENTRAL CALIFORNIA ‘WORLD OF BULLS’ SALE NEW SAME-DAY FORMAT

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 7 Females Sell at 10 a.m.

Cow-Calf Pairs/Bred Cows ..11:30 a.m.

Feeder Cattle .................................... 12 p.m.

AUCTION MARKET 12495 Stockton Blvd., Galt, CA 95632 Office....................................209-745-1515 Fax ........................................ 209-745-1582 Website ...........................www.clmgalt.com Market Report .............www.clmgalt.com Web Broadcast ..www.lmaauctions.com

CALL TO CONSIGN TO UPCOMING WESTERN VIDEO MARKET SALES

INTRODUCING OUR NEW CLM REPRESENTATIVE FOR NEVADA

Brett Friend: 510-685-4870