Vertical Harvest Agricultural Research Centre
DESIGN PORTFOLIO Wing San Kwok Unit Sixteen Format: A3 Landscape
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 1
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Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 2
Design Realisation Report 3 Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Vertical Farm Prototype Sustainable Explosive 365 ••••••••• ••••••••• ••••••••• ••••••••• ••••••••• ...... ••••••
Responding to the brief investigation of the properties of ''LAND'', different type of corn is speculating and establish an encyclopedia of terrestrial life through the findings and experiment in order to reinterpret the LAND.
The findings discovered through playing corn lead to a speculative approach in agricultural research centre in Gunpowder Park.
Food crisis is a big challenge in the UK. We are now witnessing food crisis in real time. To avoid the continuing in sevre of the problem, new agricultural research centre will be set up in Gunpowder Park.
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
The design scheme is inspired by characteristics of popcorn in aspects of changing state, expansion and explosion.
Prototype of vertical farming cone is developed due to the celebration of exposion in the past history on site.
Vertical farming cone is a sustainable and efficency farming system with the help of digital technique.
Vertical farming cones will be expanded throughout the UK to increase the productivity of agricultural growth with public engagement.
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INITIAL INVESTIGATION
02 SITE & CONTEXT
03
Gunpowder Park
CONTENTS
INITIAL INVESTIGATION
food /fu:d /noun Food is something that people and animals eat, or plants absorb, to keep them alive. (Cambridge, 2023)
Food is necessary for growth, repair, and maintenance of living things. It is essential for survival.
Corn is a staple food for many countries and it is rich in minerals, fibers and vitamins. It can be sweet corn, popcorn, chips, flour, oil and syrup and bio fuel. Corn is actually a vegetable, a whole grain, and a fruit. A series of domestic experiment took place in kitchen to explore different types of possibilities. Kitchen acts as my studio to create an unique exploration of imagination and creativity.
Design Realisation Report 5 Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre
GROWTH STAGES OF CORN
3D scanning of Kitchen Studio
EXPERIMENTAL PATTERN
POROUS PATTERN RECIPE
water 300ml corn oil 10ml corn flour 20g
1. Heat the pan, add all ingredients together, stir until have a smooth batter.
2. Cook for 5 minutes with medium heat.
3. Rest for 10 minutes until dry.
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bottom: process of porous cooking
right: sketch of cooking porous
EXPERIMENTAL PATTERN
Design Realisation Report 7 Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre
discovering light and shadow of different porous pattern made by corn
EXPERIMENTAL PATTERN
DISCOVER "Cornology"- Different ingredients of corn flour, corn oil and water were used to form variety of static comets. The pattern was generated by heat. In general, corn flour can control the thickness, while corn oil can control the porosity and water can control the clarity.
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proportion of oil(ml) : flour(g) : water(ml) 15 : 15 : 135 15 : 30 : 135 25 : 5 : 135 5 : 10 : 135 5 : 30 : 135 15 : 30 : 135 15 : 10 : 135 0 : 10 : 135 5 : 15 : 135 10 : 10 : 200 10 : 20 : 200 5 : 20 : 200 5 : 15 : 200 5 : 10 : 200
I I I \ \ ,,. / ' ' ------ ' ' \ \ 'I I / --- -,,. I , ,·.:
top: sketch of fry pan right: pattern of static comets with different proportion of ingredient
EXPERIMENTAL PATTERN
BUBBLE PATTERN RECIPE water 500ml corn oil 10ml food colour 8 drops paper various size
1. Pour water to the tray.
2. Add corn oil and food colour to water.
3. Soak the papers in the tray.
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.. . • • • • • • .. • • · • •• . .. • ... . , .•c • .e:•· • • . • • C • • • 4 • .. • • • . ·• .• • • • • •
right: speculating the possibility of bubble pattern
EXPERIMENTAL PATTERN
PLANET PATTERN RECIPE
water 500ml corn oil 10ml food colour 8 drops rice paper 1 sheet
1. Pour water to the tray.
2. Add corn oil and food colour to water.
3. Soak the rice paper in the tray.
speculating the possibility of planet pattern
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,
4. WAit for the result.
3. Add food colour to water.
2. Add corn oil into the jar.
1. Pour water to the jar.
30ml food colour 5 drops
300ml corn oil
ROOTING PATTERN RECIPE water
EXPERIMENTAL PATTERN
Design Realisation Report 11 Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre
right: rooting pattern in varying time t: _.--: ...,.,,,~ = r:= - I , ~W?S - ~- 1 -• - "".'~ =-., Jl
EXPERIMENTAL POPCORN
DANCING POPCORN RECIPE corn kernal 12 nos corn oil 5ml
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top: drawing of single popcorn dance
right: drawing of group of popcorn dance
1. Set two cameras set up on top and side of stove.
2. Heat the fry pan with corn oil.
3. Place 12 numbers of popcorn kernels.
4. Record the dynamic dancing of popcorn in both top view and side view.
EXPERIMENTAL POPCORN
Design Realisation Report 13 Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre
sketching on atmoshpere of dancing popcorns
EXPERIMENTAL POPCORN
POPPING POPCORN
As the corn kernel heats up, the water expands and vaporize, building pressure against the hard starch surface. Eventually, this outer hull burst, causing the popcorn to explode and popping.
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EXPERIMENTAL POPCORN
During explosion of popcorn, corn kernel expands to 4-6 times of original size to form popped popcorn.
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CHANGE OF STATE IN POPCORN
drawing for change of state in popcorn (elevation view) D Oo a Cl OD, 0 0 0 D 0 0 (? C) i C) f) Ooo o 0 0 0 Do C) a 0 <J c;:::::i 0 0 0 <;:;::) \) 0 0 0 0 Q () 0, CJ i ~o \J aC:() 0 0 (J & C> 0 a \J D 0 C) g 0 C) ~a a () 0 Oo \j Qc:1 G 0 0 C) C) 0 C) 0 0 lf 0 Q 0 0 0 0 QJD \) orY tiC(Q Oo ~.,....,....,o ..n O 0 Oo D 0 a 0 0 () C) D 0 0
EXPERIMENTAL POPCORN
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drawing for change of state in popcorn (elevation view)
CHANGE OF STATE IN POPCORN
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During explosion of popcorn, corn kernel expands to 4-6 times of original size to form popped popcorn.
EXPERIMENTAL POPCORN
CHANGE OF STATE IN POPCORN
The image mimic infernal of popcorn showing the atmosphere of heat, vapour and smoke in both internal and external of popcorn.
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EXPERIMENTAL POPCORN
popcorn menu
Enjoy popcorn with your five senses.
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SITE & CONTEXT
Site information:
Name: Gunpowder park
Address: Sewardstone Road, Waltham Abbey, Essex.
Post Code: EN9 3GP
Council: Epping Forest District Council
Site Area: 90 hectare
Location in Gunpowder Park takes advantage of richness of landscape, natural environment and resources at the same time vertical farming maintain the value of the whole site. At the urban aspect, project will expand to the rest of Lee Valley Regional Park in order to secure the food supply.
Park
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Map of Essex in UK context
Site Area of Gunpowder Park Epping Forest District in Essex context
Gunpowder
N.T.S.
Gunpowder park is an explosive and unclear site due to the past history of munitions testing.
Human activity over the past one hundred years has had a huge impact on this area.The land was used for gravel extraction, which left behind large holes or pits. Some pits were used for landfill and others left to fill with water.
On this site, pulverised fuel ash, a waste product from the nearby/coal-fired Brimsdown power station, was deposited into the pits. The ashy soil provided perfect growing conditions for thousands of marsh orchids which bloomed here during the 1970s.
(Gunpowder,
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SITE &
2023)
CONTEXT
FOOD CRISIS
Vertical farmings are used to improve crop yields, increase sustainability, and enhance the overall efficiency of the farming operation. These systems can reduce the use of natural resources such as water and land, and can be used to grow crops year-round, regardless of the weather conditions.
Vertical Farming Cones will be tested and prototyped to increase the agricultural production. The main goal is to expand Vertical Farming Cones all over the country.
The layered triptych explore and redefine the relationship between food and land , also food and human.
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FOOD CRISIS
The UK is facing food crisis because of extreme climate, growing population, Brexit and war in Ukraine. As a result, the cost of foods is increasing rapidly. Also, the Uk is more and more reliant on imported food. Together with the declining local crop production due to soaring cost of fuels, feed and fertilizer, the food crisis issue can not be neglected.
Rise from ashes is always a good restart and reborn after destruction. This proposal aims to explore a new agricultural research centre, testing soil and crop on site and collecting data for research and develop to discover new technology and seek for the remediation for food crisis by increasing agricultural growth. Vertical farming is proposed in the project.
People can take back control of their food production, and get rid of food crisis, reducing the demand for imported food. A new agricultural revolution have to start to secure the future of the UK food.
UK Population
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2020 Population 2030 Estimated Population 2050 Estimated Population 2100 Estimated Population 65 Million 70 Million 76 Million 81 Million Prediction of the UK population The trend of imported food in the UK IMPORTS OF FOOD 2008 2012 2016 2019 2022 0 50 100 150 200 Statistic showing the uk food reliance overall food fruit vegetable 15% 50% 20% UK
world
imports frood from the
'for next couple of
threaten UK BRITONS have been warned to prepare to deal with empty shelves for at least couple of years as perfect storm of conditions exacerbates shortages. By [BUNHARGRAVE 05-30,Sun. .W l22022 ~-/!sl5 . 1Cl I .,,. ' t \
rise from ashes is always a good restart and reborn after destruction
Britons brace for empty shelves
years' as food shortages
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. . . . . ......... - ...·.··••·····•·..... ·•· . ............ ... . · .. •
“AS GLOBAL FOOD CONSUMPTION RISES, EFFICIENT AND COMPETITIVE FARMS CAN GROW AND EXPORT AROUND THE WORLD."
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
The project is to develop an area that is offered up to agricutural experimentation. A venue where design idea is to be prototyped and tested by the Vertical Farming Cone to develop a new agricultural development through testing, exploring and prototyping.
CV
The proposal will be using sustainable materials for construction. The design is highlighting and celebrating the explosion in order to respect the site history.
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 26
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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
INITIAL IDEA
Two colleges were made as a start of the project to have initial sense of relationship between land and human.
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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
INITIAL IDEA
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 28
Sketches showing the idea of vertical farming cones.
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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
INITIAL IDEA
The idea of elevated walkway bring human activities into different perspective and extend their jounery for mediation.
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\.. LEGEND: SITE BOUNDARY SITE ENTRANCE EXPLOSIVE TEST FIELD BIRDS ._ • EXISTING SHOCK WAVE GALLERY
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 30 INITIAL IDEA Drawing trajectories of popcorn and juxtaposition of different distances.
HARVEST 1000000 100000 10000 1000 100 10 BIRDS 0 1 0.15 km 0.01 0 001 HEIGHT IN KM LOGAR Tl-tMIC SCAL E) MOON 385,000 km ,.· :} -·~ ROCKE t 950 km HOT AIR BALLOON 0.9 km POPCORN POPPING defined km AEROPLANE 6km
BOMB EXPLOSION
EARTHQUAKE
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
step 1: start with Greenwich Meridian line Act as landmark and intangible connect to the world. Aligning with this axis adds a sense of monumentality.
step 2: shaping and adjustment
The building is shaped accodring to programmatic and contextual requirements.
step 3: Vertical farming cone Introducing the vertical framing cone for acceleration of agricultural growth.
pstep 4: Raising
The cone is elevated to provide better natural ventilation.
step 5: Continuous ramp Displaying in and out continuous ramp to provide 360 views.
step 6: sustainability Adding green roof, rainwater harvesting, PV membrane and sunlight catcher.
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0
Istep 7: elevated walkway and landscaping Elevated walkway extends the ground activities in different experience and provide contemplstion walk through the historical trail.
Iexistino entrance
I I
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
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step 8: expansion of the vertical framing cones
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I I l 11 1 ii I Maximized public space by inverted cone I t / 360° views -•• ' . I 360 degree viewing platform I I • \ Maximizing sunlight Packed pattern Continuous ramp
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST LAND USE IN THE UK
It is obviously some significant changes in land use across the UK that will no doubt impact on the tenure of farmland and could shrink by 30% by 2050. More food will be reliance on import. Therefore, vertical farming cones could be the solution to increase productivity of agriculture, but also free up the land.
pediction of land use in the UK (2050)
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UK (2020)
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
VERTICAL
Vertical farming is cultivating plant in vertical greenhouse in controlled environment.
Vertical farming uses the technique of hydroponic system which is a cultivation method in which nutrients are dissolved in water and misted directly onto roots.
Controlled environment with following assistance:
- LED lighting
- Solar Panel converted to electricity
-Robots to plant seedlings and harvest crops.
- Computers measure and adjust the amount of nutrient and water the crops need.
- Rainwater harvesting
- Biodigesters
Performance of Vertical Framing cone
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 36
FARMING
Gunpowder Park: 33 hectares of agricultural land 3 3 0 numbers of vertical farming cones can be built in the Park ''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' '''''''''''
''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' ''''''''''' """""' """""' ' '"' ,,,.,.,. - '""°"' 3 f 3 0 0 f OOOm2 ( 3 3 0 hectares) surface area of vertical farm surface area on both sides 1IJ = 10000m2 13 2 f OOOtonnes of harvested crops per year Crop yield of vertical farm - 40kg per m2 = 1000 tonnes per year 13 2 f OOOKL water usage for crops per year '''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''' Water usage of vertical farm - 1L per kg - lOOOKL per year 10 0 m,n 60 m in 60 m,n S Jun ~j 16 Dec SSep 48 ~ 11 Ma r 42 mm --------------37mm/ - -40 mrn ~30mm20 111 O m,11~-------t Jan Feb Mar Ap May Jun Ju Aug Se p Oct Nov Dec Average monthly rainful in Gunpowder Park (mm) Capacit y = 1000KL
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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
SUSTAINABILITY OF VERTICAL FARMING
Vertical farming allow farmland to be returned to the natural landscape, thus restoring ecosystem. Vertical farming uses the same footprint, but in a denser way.
It uses less water, land and resources including:
- no soil
- no pesticides
- shorter food miles
Also, it creates educational opportunities where the public learn how vertical farm works and trust the process of vertical farming.
It reduces food import and reduce carbon footprint.
Comparison between Traditional Farming and Vertical Framing cone
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 37
Park: 33 hectares of agricultural land Traditional Farming •••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••••• ••• • = 1 hectares = 10000 tonnes per year ''''''''''
= l000KL <S3 = 1000 tonnes Horizontal 33 hectares 82.5 tonnes Crop yield of traditional farm = 4kg per m2 20,625 KL Water usage of traditional farm = 250L per kg 7,920 tonnes Vertical Farming Cone ' ' ' Y =l herctarce = 10000 tonnes Crop yield of vertical farm = 40kg per m2 ''''''''''
= l000KL Water usage of vertical farm = lL per kg Hydroponic technology: - grow the plant in water Horizontal & vertical 330 hectares 132,000 tonnes 132,000 KL 0 tonnes
Gunpowder
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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
PROTOTYPE
Developing this prototype of the productive spectacle for agriculture, shows the potential for the vertical farming to provide food at a massive scale. Such farms harvest food locally on a significantly smaller plot of land, providing sustainable food, and creating an environment for all to enjoy. By reimagining agriculture , we can rebuild environments that we have destroyed in the past, protect environments from future farmland expansion, we can expand the vertical farming to create new visions for the future. This prototypical vertical farm can be deployed throughout the park. The vision is that food grown at these farms is expanded to other parks in Lee Valley.
Set up the Agricultural research center and develop the inverted cone vertical farm (VF) prototype
Year 1
Year 0
Year 2-4 Seedling and planting. Collection of data
Research centre and VF prototype developed
Testing the other possibility of crops
Year 5 -
Clean up the contaminated soil area. Set up others inverted cone VF in the rest of the park including the rectified soil area
Year 7-10
Year 10 -
Expand inverted cone VF in the parks at Lee Valley
Final goal
Systems repeated in the whole country
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 38
Phase 1 ambition
Phase 2 ambition
Phase 3 ambition
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Design Portfolio • ti
Portfolio
Design
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 49
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 50 Tapestry Room and Vertical Cone Drawing Room •• • • • ••• • ._ ... • .... : . : : . .. . . . . . . •. ... ,. Rainwater Harvesting
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 51
. 1 Farming Vertica
Room Common Elevate Land Store d Walkway &
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & VERTICAL HARVEST
RENEWABLE ENERGY
-Kinetic tile at elevated walkway to generate electricity for lighting at walkway through the movement of people
-Rain water harvesting to reuse the rainwater for agricultural growth in vertical farm
-Organic PV membrane to generate renewable energy and maintain the operation in vertical farm
NATURAL RESOURCES
-Movable louvre to allow cross ventilation in vertical farm
-rain water harvesting to reuse the rainwater for agricultural growth in vertical farm
-Sunlight reflector to gain more natural lighting to vertical farm
Kinetic tiles help to generate renewable energy
8mm RECYCLED STEEL FLASHING
MOVABLE SUNLIGHT REFLECTOR WITH POLISHED STEEL PANEL IN RECYCLED
STEEL MESH TO PREVENT SMALLER ANIMALS AND BIRDS ENTERING
Movable Louvres
50mm POLISHED RECYCLED STEEL CLADDING FOR
80mm POLYSTYRENE
40mm VOID FOR VENTILATION
10mm THK. RECYCLED STEEL PANEL
Movable louvresfor natural ventilation
BREATHER
200mm THK. ASHCRETE
curved water harvesting can maximize the surface area and easy to clean
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 52
Detail of sunlight catcher
MESH WIR-1=-- =: " ' :
MESH Wll-i-lRE----,~ -,------~-
20mm DIA.
SUSPENSION TENSION ROD
STAINLESS STEEL HINGED BEARING PLATE
60mm DIA------"'~~~ ~ 2 ~ ~ ~ ==- - - ~
STAINLESS STEEL HINGE SPHERE
150mm DJA,-----~:::s:*~~~~~~~~~------\r--,----:,,.....J / CHS
~ =-------
10mm SYNTHETIC MORTAR ON 15mm STEEL PLATE WITH 4mm METAL DAMPER PLATE, ADHESIVE FIXED BENEATH
S.S.
400X40 STEEL SECTION
12+12
··~ LAMINA
\\ SAFETY GLASS
8+8 LAMINATE11----+-------'1+---+------111
SAFETY GLASS
ACCESS PANEL ----+-----+1+----+-,
FORK FITTING WITH ALUMINIUM-------'-,-GASKET
2101100mm STEEL HOLLOW SECTION
25 mm DIA. WATER PIPE
100mmPLANT STEEL FRAME PLANTATION ON BOTH SIDE
10mm THK. FIBRE NET
10mm THK.
Detail of vertical farm system
MILD STEEL PLATE E&M DUCTING
STEEL HANGER WITH STEEL PLATE
ALUM NIUM LOUVRE
ALUMI~ GLAZIN SECTIC
Portage 01
Layer
water pipe
rainwater harvesting steel plantation
substrate fibre net
Vertical Harvest - Agricultural Research Centre Design Portfolio 53
Harvesting by robot (Morris J.D., Saeedi A. , Miller. B, 2018)
Harvesting by robot
of vertical farm
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