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CHAPTER 25: THE GREAT DEPRESSION, 1929-1939 TRUE/FALSE 1. Although the New Deal initiatives produced mixed results, they halted the economic downturn and provided the foundation for a system of federal social welfare programs.

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Page 1126 OBJ: Recognize the lasting effects of the New Deal legislation.

TOP: The New Deal under Fire (III) 2. Early in his presidency, Roosevelt ended Prohibition.

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Page 1117 OBJ: Summarize the immediate challenges facing Franklin Delano Roosevelt in March 1933.

TOP: The Federal Budget (II.I) 3. By executive decree, Roosevelt reorganized all federal farm credit agencies into the Farm Credit Administration.

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Page 1121 OBJ: Summarize the immediate challenges facing Franklin Delano Roosevelt in March 1933.

TOP: Agricultural Assistance (II.O) 4. The Civilian Conservation Corps addressed the problem of overcharging by doctors and others in the medical and health professions.

ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1118 OBJ: Recognize the lasting effects of the New Deal legislation.

TOP: The CCC (II.L) 5. John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath told of Wall Street businessmen brought to their knees after Black Tuesday.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Page 1130 OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

TOP: Literature and the Depression (III.F) 6. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration required farmers to donate surplus crops and livestock to feed the poor.

ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1121 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: Agricultural Assistance (II.O) 7. By 1935, the National Recovery Administration had become unpopular.

ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1120 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Reviving the Industrial Sector (II.N)

8. Franklin Roosevelt made black civil rights a major priority, ordering that New Deal programs not practice racial discrimination.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Page 1128 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: African Americans and the New Deal (III.B) 9. Eleanor Roosevelt was a shy person who shunned attention, but she did much work behind the scenes to raise support for her husband’s New Deal.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Page 1125 OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

TOP: Eleanor Roosevelt (II.R)

10. The Bonus Expeditionary Force was organized to secure the U.S.–Mexico border.

ANS: F DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1110 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Farmers and Veterans in Protest (I.G) 11. The Wagner Act helped dramatically boost union membership.

ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1138 OBJ: Recognize the lasting effects of the New Deal legislation.

TOP: The Wagner Act (IV.B) 12. FDR called the Social Security Act the “supreme achievement” of the New Deal.

ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1138 OBJ: Recognize the lasting effects of the New Deal legislation.

TOP: Social Security (IV.C) 13. The Fair Labor Standards Act forbade racial discrimination in hiring.

ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: Page 1145 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: A Slumping Economy (IV.H) 14. Despite the New Deal, full recovery from the Depression did not come until the crisis of World War II. ANS: T DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1146 OBJ: Recognize the lasting effects of the New Deal legislation.

TOP: A Halfway Revolution (IV.J) 15. Herbert Hoover refused to involve the government in efforts to relieve the effects of economic depression.

ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: Page 1106 OBJ: Recognize the lasting effects of the New Deal legislation.

TOP: Hoover’s Efforts at Recovery (I.A) MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. All of the following is true of the National Youth Administration EXCEPT: a. it provided part-time employment to students b. it was part of the Works Progress Administration c. it set up technical training programs d. it was the parent organization for the Civilian Conservation Corps e. it provided Richard Nixon with a job ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Page 1128 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: African Americans and the New Deal (III.B) MSC: Applying 2. In 1932, how many people were unemployed in America? a. 25 million d. 40 million b. 35 million e. 50 million c. 15 million ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1109 OBJ: Summarize the immediate challenges facing Franklin Delano Roosevelt in March 1933.

TOP: Rising Criticism of Hoover (I.E) MSC: Remembering 3. Hoover’s early efforts to end the Depression included: a. cutbacks in public works, to shore up the public treasury b. a stricter credit policy by the Federal Reserve, to stop the flow of “easy money” available for speculation c. an increase in aid to farmers, to allow them to produce more d. extending federal loans to individuals e. asking businessmen to maintain wages and avoid layoffs, in order to keep purchasing power strong ANS: E DIF: Difficult REF: Page 1107 OBJ: Summarize the immediate challenges facing Franklin Delano Roosevelt in March 1933.

TOP: Hoover’s Efforts at Recovery (I.A) MSC: Remembering 4. At the outset of his presidency, to deal with the banking crisis, Roosevelt: a. pushed through a bank bailout bill worth more than $7 billion b. used his emergency powers to nationalize the banking industry c. put strict limits on the issuance of paper currency d. ordered the Federal Reserve Board to lower interest rates e. declared a bank holiday, shutting the banks down briefly ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Page 1115 OBJ: Summarize the immediate challenges facing Franklin Delano Roosevelt in March 1933.

TOP: Banking Regulation (II.G) MSC: Remembering 5. The main purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps was to: a. train young men for the Army Corps of Engineers b. provide work relief for young men c. give young women an opportunity to earn money for higher education d. promote conservation practices by the general public e. build environmental education projects at the first national parks ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1118 OBJ: Summarize the immediate challenges facing Franklin Delano Roosevelt in March 1933.

TOP: The CCC (II.L) MSC: Analyzing

6. The goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to raise farm income mainly through: a. cutbacks in production b. intensive farming c. a government takeover of the commodity trade in Chicago d. state and federal subsidies e. marketing quotas ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 1121 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: Agricultural Assistance (II.O) MSC: Applying 7. The literary work that best captured the ordeal of the Depression was The Grapes of Wrath by: a. Lucy Mercer d. William Faulkner b. Margaret Mitchell e. John Steinbeck c. Paul Muni ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Page 1130 OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

TOP: Literature and the Depression (III.F)

MSC: Remembering

8. The Dust Bowl can be associated with: a. large migrations from the impacted area to the Atlantic coast b. terrible storms that plagued the Great Basin c. a severe blow to farmers in Illinois, Ohio, and Wisconsin d. the blowing away of millions of acres of topsoil e. a movie made by the Works Progress Administration filmmaker Ansel Adams ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Page 1121 OBJ: Summarize the immediate challenges facing Franklin Delano Roosevelt in March 1933.

TOP: Dust Bowl Migrants (II.P) MSC: Remembering 9. To earn the federal payments for reducing crops: a. tenants and sharecroppers had to stick with lucrative staples such as cotton b. farmers had to let fields go idle for three years in a row c. many landowners kicked off black tenants in favor of whites d. farmers often starved because they were not allowed to grow even small vegetable gardens e. many landowners took their leased lands out of production ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1121 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: Agricultural Assistance (II.O) MSC: Remembering 10. This organization sought to set workplace standards, such as child labor restrictions: a. Agricultural Adjustment Act d. Works Progress Administration b. Federal Emergency Relief Association e. Civilian Conservation Corps c. National Recovery Association ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1121 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: Reviving the Industrial Sector (II.N) MSC: Remembering 11. Codes of fair practice were part of: a. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation b. Home Owners Loan Corporation c. National Recovery Association

d. Public Works Administration e. Workers Progress Administration

ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Page 1120 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: Reviving the Industrial Sector (II.N) MSC: Remembering 12. Huey Long: a. developed a program called the Share-the-Wealth Society b. founded the National Union for Social Justice c. challenged FDR for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1936 d. complained that the New Deal had gone too far by infringing on “the rights of persons and property” e. called Social Security a “socialistic share-the-wealth program” ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1134 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Huey Long (III.I) MSC: Remembering 13. Who served as secretary of agriculture under FDR? a. Henry Morgenthau d. John Maynard Keynes b. Arthur Laffer e. Henry A. Wallace c. Milton Friedman ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1121 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: Agricultural Assistance (II.O) MSC: Remembering 14. The fair practices codes of the NRA did all of the following EXCEPT: a. prohibit child labor b. establish minimum wages of $13 per week c. set a forty-hour workweek d. break up large corporations e. establish minimum wages of $12 per week in the South ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 1120 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: Reviving the Industrial Sector (II.N) MSC: Applying 15. All of the following were objectives of the Tennessee Valley Authority EXCEPT: a. the production of cheap electric power b. opening rivers to boats and barges c. flood control d. soil conservation and forestry e. the development of Smoky Mountain National Park ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Page 1123 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: The Tennessee Valley Authority (II.Q) MSC: Applying 16. One drawback of the Tennessee Valley Authority was that: a. a drought could cause electricity rates to increase b. it forced people to move if their land was needed for dams and lakes c. Tennessee became one of the most polluted states in the nation d. it put all of the private power companies in the South out of business e. Alabama refused to accept “socialized electricity” ANS: B

DIF: Easy

REF: Page 1123

OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: The Tennessee Valley Authority (II.Q) MSC: Applying 17. The greatest failure of the New Deal was its inability to: a. restore economic prosperity and end record levels of unemployment b. end segregation c. be duplicated in Europe d. prevent World War II e. end partisan politics ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1147 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: A Halfway Revolution (IV.J) MSC: Remembering 18. Franklin D. Roosevelt: a. was born into a family of sharecroppers b. was twice elected governor of Georgia c. was permanently disabled after contracting polio d. supported the continuation of Prohibition e. was a graduate of the Naval Academy ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1113 OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

MSC: Applying

TOP: “Trial by Fire” (II.B)

19. Just before his election to the presidency in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was serving as: a. secretary of state b. vice president c. governor of New York d. national chairman of the Democratic party e. professor at West Point ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1111 OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

MSC: Remembering

TOP: The 1932 Election (I.H)

20. Whose campaign song was “Happy Days Are Here Again”? a. Alfred Smith d. Eugene Debs b. Franklin D. Roosevelt e. Theodore Roosevelt c. Herbert Hoover ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 1111 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: The 1932 Election (I.H) MSC: Remembering 21. In November 1930: a. Democrats won a majority in the House of Representatives b. Herbert Hoover won a second term as president, but by a very small margin c. Republicans won a majority in the House of Representatives d. Herbert Hoover was soundly defeated by Franklin D. Roosevelt e. the House of Representatives, Senate, and presidency remained in the hands of the incumbent parties ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1109 OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

TOP: Rising Criticism of Hoover (I.E)

MSC: Remembering

22. In the case of Norris v. Alabama, the Supreme Court: a. upheld the state’s Democratic white primary b. overturned a state law restricting the sale of petroleum products beyond certain quotas c. upheld Alabama’s claim that the Scottsboro Boys were not entitled to public defenders d. dealt a major blow to FDR’s New Deal e. ruled that the systematic exclusion of blacks from juries denied Scottsboro defendants equal protection of the law ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1129 OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

TOP: Court Cases and Civil Liberties (III.C)

MSC: Remembering

23. The 1937 economic slump was caused in part by: a. a sharp decrease in government spending b. a sharp rise in private spending c. the huge government deficit d. the repeal of the Revenue Act of 1935 e. the announcement that Social Security payroll taxes would be postponed ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 1144 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: A Slumping Economy (IV.H) MSC: Applying 24. Richard Wright: a. led the conservative outcry against New Deal business regulation b. starred in the original version of Scarface c. wrote Native Son, a story of racial prejudice d. was the outspoken head of the Farm Security Administration e. was the economist who originally dreamed up Social Security ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Page 1131 OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

TOP: Literature and the Depression (III.F)

MSC: Remembering

25. The Marx Brothers: a. came up with the most revolutionary theory in the history of labor relations b. consisted of Curly, Larry, and Moe c. produced some of the most serious dramatic films of the thirties d. typified the German communists at work in Detroit’s unions e. produced plotless masterpieces of irreverent satire ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Pages 1132-1133 OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

TOP: Popular Culture (III.G) MSC: Remembering 26. Eleanor Roosevelt: a. primarily played the role of White House hostess b. had more influence than her husband in shaping New Deal policies c. was an official member of FDR’s cabinet d. was especially supportive of women, blacks, and youth e. became most famous for her “fireside chats” ANS: D

DIF: Easy

REF: Page 1126

OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

MSC: Remembering 27. Who was known as “Kingfish”? a. Charles Coughlin b. Theodore Roosevelt c. Huey Long

TOP: Eleanor Roosevelt (II.R)

d. Francis Townsend e. Alfred Smith

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Page 1133 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Huey Long (III.I) MSC: Remembering 28. Charles E. Coughlin: a. was the “radio priest” b. headed the Tennessee Valley Authority c. headed the Bureau of Indian Affairs

d. wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin e. ran on the Union ticket with Huey Long

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1134 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Father Coughlin (III.K) MSC: Remembering 29. In the case of Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States, the Supreme Court: a. overturned the Farm Credit Act b. overturned the National Industrial Recovery Act c. decided that Schechter was involved in interstate, not local, trade d. upheld the constitutionality of the second Agricultural Adjustment Act e. said that the Agricultural Adjustment Act was unconstitutional ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1136 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Opposition from the Court (III.L) MSC: Remembering 30. Like Huey Long, Charles Coughlin: a. appealed to people who had lost the most during the Great Depression b. emphasized tax breaks for big business c. was involved in the creation of a fascist dictatorship d. called for unadulterated free-market capitalism e. was involved in closing down Wall Street brokerage firms ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 1135 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Father Coughlin (III.K) MSC: Remembering 31. Which programs helped people refinance their mortgages at lower interest rates so as to avoid bankruptcy? a. Workers Progress Administration d. Home Owners Loan Corporation b. Civilian Conservation Corps e. Securities and Exchange Commission c. National Recovery Association ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Page 1119 OBJ: Summarize the immediate challenges facing Franklin Delano Roosevelt in March 1933.

TOP: Saving Homes (II.M) MSC: Applying 32. The National Labor Relations Act: a. was upheld by the Supreme Court in United States v. Butler

b. c. d. e.

gave jobs to several thousand unemployed miners was often called the Wagner Act was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1935 gave employers the right to control union activities

ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Page 1138 OBJ: Summarize the immediate challenges facing Franklin Delano Roosevelt in March 1933.

TOP: The Wagner Act (IV.B) MSC: Remembering 33. Who headed the Works Progress Administration (WPA) at its creation in 1935? a. Frances Perkins d. Hugh Johnson b. John Nance Garner e. Harry Hopkins c. Henry Wallace ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Page 1137 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: The WPA (IV.A) MSC: Remembering 34. Which of the following statements about the Social Security Act is NOT true? a. It was, according to Roosevelt, the “supreme achievement” of the New Deal. b. It committed the national government to a broad range of welfare activities. c. It provided old-age pensions. d. It was based on a progressive tax that took a larger percentage of higher incomes. e. It was a regressive tax that pinched the poor more than the rich.

ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 1140 OBJ: Recognize the lasting effects of the New Deal legislation.

TOP: Social Security (IV.C) MSC: Applying 35. Which of the following refused to apply for a Social Security card? a. Alfred Smith d. Eugene Debs b. Herbert Hoover e. Franklin D. Roosevelt c. Theodore Roosevelt ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1140 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Social Security (IV.C) MSC: Remembering 36. The Revenue Act of 1935 (sometimes called the Wealth-Tax Act): a. provided for a regressive tax b. increased federal revenue significantly and thus helped finance the New Deal c. raised taxes on incomes above $50,000 d. created a more equal distribution of wealth in America e. was an FDR response to Long’s “soak-the-rich tax” ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1140 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: Taxing the Rich (IV.D) MSC: Remembering 37. During the presidential election of 1936: a. African Americans voted overwhelmingly Republican for the first time since Reconstruction b. Republicans won most of the western farm vote and almost upset Roosevelt c. Republicans hoped that third-party candidates might split the Democratic vote and throw the election to them

d. Socialist and Communist candidates together received over 2 million votes e. Roosevelt’s illness put vice-presidential candidate Harry Truman in the spotlight ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1142 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Roosevelt’s Second Term (IV.F) MSC: Applying 38. Conservatives lambasted the Social Security Act as: a. an unfair tax d. tyrannical b. communistic e. fascism c. pure socialism ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Page 1140 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Social Security (IV.C) MSC: Remembering 39. Which is true of the 1936 presidential election? a. FDR was reelected, but Republicans made big gains in Congress. b. Huey Long ran one of the strongest third-party campaigns in history. c. FDR defeated Alf Landon in a landslide. d. Concerns over the coming war in Europe dominated the campaign. e. FDR won every state but Texas.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1143 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Roosevelt’s Second Term (IV.F) MSC: Applying 40. During the 1936 election, Roosevelt wound up carrying every state except: a. Maine and Ohio d. New Jersey and Florida b. Iowa and Vermont e. Texas and Utah c. Maine and Vermont ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1143 OBJ: Recognize the lasting effects of the New Deal legislation.

TOP: Roosevelt’s Second Term (IV.F) MSC: Remembering 41. In early 1937, FDR proposed to reform the Supreme Court by: a. requiring justices to retire at age 70 b. adding up to six additional members c. removing justices appointed by previous presidents d. making justices regularly run for election e. requiring Senate confirmation hearings ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1143 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: The Court-Packing Plan (IV.G) MSC: Remembering 42. Roosevelt’s court-packing scheme became unnecessary when: a. the Supreme Court ruled that the president, and not Congress, has authority to adjust the number of justices b. the Supreme Court agreed to an extension of the number of justices c. Congress removed cases involving the New Deal from the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction d. the Supreme Court began reversing previous judgments and upholding the New Deal e. he began using executive orders to circumvent the Supreme Court ANS: D

DIF: Moderate

REF: Page 1143

OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: The Court-Packing Plan (IV.G) MSC: Applying 43. The “sit-down strike” was used successfully in 1937 by: a. black workers d. automobile workers b. southern workers e. western miners c. steel workers ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Page 1141 OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

TOP: A New Direction for Unions (IV.E)

MSC: Remembering

44. Labor’s new direction in the late 1930s was toward: a. decentralization of union organization d. the Republican party b. industrial unions e. craft unions c. women in unions ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: Page 1141 OBJ: Describe the major cultural changes of the 1930s.

TOP: A New Direction for Unions (IV.E)

MSC: Remembering

45. The Farm Security Administration: a. administered the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (the “Second AAA”) b. offered loans to marginal farmers (so they could avoid falling into tenancy) and to tenant farmers (so they could purchase their own farms) c. provided federal subsidies for the expansion of large farms d. established educational programs to teach farmers new agricultural methods e. concentrated on rehabilitating devastated soils on the Great Plains ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 1144 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: A Slumping Economy (IV.H) MSC: Remembering 46. By the end of 1937, which group had coalesced against the New Deal? a. African Americans d. Populist party members b. liberal Democrats e. a bipartisan conservative bloc c. all western Democrats ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Page 1146 OBJ: Recognize the lasting effects of the New Deal legislation.

TOP: A Halfway Revolution (IV.J) MSC: Remembering 47. The conservative Democratic opposition to the New Deal in the late 1930s: a. was heaviest in the South b. succeeded in removing three of Roosevelt’s cabinet members c. supported plans to replace Roosevelt with Henry Wallace as the Democratic presidential candidate in 1936 d. supported plans to replace Roosevelt with Huey Long as the Democratic presidential candidate in 1936 e. was heaviest in New England ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 1146 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: A Halfway Revolution (IV.J) MSC: Remembering

48. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938: a. set a minimum wage of 40¢ an hour b. protected workers’ right to form unions c. was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court d. required equal pay for female workers e. prohibited the employment of children under the age of twelve ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1145 OBJ: Examine how the New Deal expanded the federal government’s authority.

TOP: A Slumping Economy (IV.H) MSC: Remembering 49. In 1939, Franklin Roosevelt for the first time presented: a. the Social Security Act d. no new reform programs that year b. the Fair Labor Standards Act e. the National Recovery Administration c. the Civil Conservation Corps ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1145 OBJ: Explain why the New Deal drew criticism from both conservatives and liberals.

TOP: Setbacks for the President (IV.I) MSC: Applying 50. During the elections of 1938: a. Roosevelt was defeated in his bid for reelection b. Roosevelt’s attempts to “purge” the Democratic party were largely unsuccessful c. Republicans won control of the House and the Democrats kept a majority of only two in the Senate d. Republicans won control of the Senate and Democrats kept a majority of only two in the House e. Roosevelt’s decision to run for a third time led to Republicans calling him a fascist ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Page 1145 OBJ: Recognize the lasting effects of the New Deal legislation.

TOP: Setbacks for the President (IV.I) MSC: Analyzing ESSAY 1. Describe the gains made by labor during the New Deal.

ANS: Answer will vary.

2. How did the political pressure, and opposing views shape New Deal policies?

ANS: Answer will vary.

3. Why did Roosevelt attempt to “pack” the Supreme Court? Did he achieve his goals?

ANS: Answer will vary.

4. How did New Deal reforms attempt to raise farm prices and stabilize industry?

ANS: Answer will vary.

5. How did the nation’s perceptions of the role of government—its powers and responsibilities—change in the 1930s?

ANS: Answer will vary.

6. Describe the First Hundred Days of FDR’s presidency. What, if any, accomplishments did he have?

ANS: Answer will vary.

7. Describe the various measures that President Roosevelt undertook in his first term to help relieve the human misery in America.

ANS: Answer will vary.

8. Although the New Deal programs helped ease the devastation wrought by the Depression, some widespread human suffering continued. Discuss this suffering and the hardships Americans still faced.

ANS: Answer will vary.

9. Discuss the impact the New Deal had on immoralities in the United States.

ANS: Answer will vary.

10. Describe the impact the Great Depression had on popular culture in America.

ANS: Answer will vary.

MATCHING Match each description with the item below. a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

author of The Grapes of Wrath created the Share-the-Wealth program served as secretary of labor was a BIA commissioner was the Republican presidential candidate in 1936 was a CIO leader proposed to pay $200 a month to those over 60 who retired and promised to spend the money h. was interior secretary i. was the “radio priest” j. headed the FERA and the WPA 1. John Collier 2. Frances Perkins

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

John Steinbeck Harry L. Hopkins Harold Ickes Alfred M. Landon John L. Lewis Charles E. Coughlin Huey Long Francis E. Townsend

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

ANS: D ANS: C ANS: A ANS: J ANS: H ANS: E ANS: F ANS: I ANS: B ANS: G