America a narrative history 9th edition tindall test bank

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CHAPTER 8: The Early Republic TRUE/FALSE 1. The "revolution of 1800" refers to the election of Thomas Jefferson.

ANS: T DIF: Easy TOP: The "revolution of 1800" (III.A)

REF: Page 330

OBJ: 1

2. Marbury v. Madison was sparked by one of President Adams's "midnight appointments."

ANS: T DIF: Easy TOP: Jefferson and the judiciary (III.B)

REF: Page 331

OBJ: 2

3. Once in office, Jefferson set out to dismantle Hamilton's Federalist economic program.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Page 333 TOP: Conflicts with Federalist policies (III.C)

OBJ: 1

4. During Thomas Jefferson's presidency, the national debt grew much larger.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Page 333 TOP: Conflicts with Federalist policies (III.C)

OBJ: 1

5. Thomas Jefferson signed an act outlawing the foreign slave trade as of 1808.

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Page 333 TOP: Conflicts with Federalist policies (III.C)

OBJ: 1

6. From 1763 to 1803, the Louisiana Territory belonged to France.

ANS: F DIF: Easy TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E)

REF: Page 335

OBJ: 3

7. The expansion of the United States into the West weakened the Federalists.

ANS: T DIF: Easy TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E)

REF: Page 336

OBJ: 3

8. President Jefferson ignored a subpoena requiring him to appear in court with certain documents in his possession.

ANS: T OBJ: 1

DIF: Easy REF: Pages 341–42 TOP: The Burr conspiracy (IV.B)

9. James Madison followed Thomas Jefferson as president.

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Page 346 TOP: Madison and Clinton elected in 1808 (V.D)

OBJ: 1

10. During the early 1800s, the British were more likely than the French to respect American shipping rights.

ANS: F DIF: Easy TOP: Causes (VI.A)

REF: Page 347

OBJ: 1

11. Tecumseh was a Shawnee leader who supported the United States in the War of 1812.

ANS: F DIF: Easy TOP: Causes (VI.A)

REF: Page 348

OBJ: 4

12. Most "war hawks" were New England Federalists.

ANS: F OBJ: 4

DIF: Easy REF: Pages 349–50 TOP: Causes (VI.A)

13. William Henry Harrison was the American hero at the Battle of New Orleans.

ANS: F DIF: Easy TOP: Battle of New Orleans (VI.G)

REF: Page 358

OBJ: 4

14. The Battle of New Orleans was meaningless since it was fought after the war had officially ended.

ANS: F OBJ: 4

DIF: Easy REF: Pages 358–59 TOP: Battle of New Orleans (VI.G)

15. The Federalist party was badly hurt by its involvement in the Hartford Convention.

ANS: T DIF: Easy TOP: The Hartford Convention (VI.I)

REF: Page 360

OBJ: 4

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Between 1800 and 1840, the nation's most dramatic population expansion occurred: A. west of the Appalachians B. in New England C. in Atlantic seaports D. in the Deep South E. beyond the Mississippi ANS: A DIF: Easy TOP: Westward migrations (I.A)

REF: Page 327 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 1

2. In the early nineteenth century, the fastest growing segment of the population was: A. immigrants B. free blacks C. Indians D. slaves E. women

ANS: B DIF: Easy TOP: Upsurge in black freedom (I.B)

REF: Page 327 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 1

3. The nature of work was transformed for numerous Americans by: A. government regulations B. the growing factory system C. free land in the West D. advances in education E. scientific farming methods ANS: B DIF: Easy TOP: General economic trends (I.C)

REF: Page 328 MSC: Applied

OBJ: 1

REF: Page 329 MSC: Conceptual

OBJ: 1

4. Jefferson's inauguration was notable for: A. its sharp partisan tone B. the impassioned delivery of his speech C. its being the first in Washington, D.C. D. the luxurious surroundings E. its immediate call to arms ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: The new federal city (II)

5. Who said, “We are all Republicans—we are all Federalists”?

A. Alexander Hamilton B. Thomas Jefferson C. George Washington D. James Madison E. John Adams ANS: B DIF: Easy TOP: The new federal city (II)

REF: Page 330 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 1

6. Thomas Jefferson's inaugural address reflected: A. his strong partisan desire to oppose the Federalists now that he was in office B. his desire to adopt Federalist principles now that he was in office C. an affirmation of educational elitism and commitment to continued governmental formality D. a tone of simplicity and conciliation E. his hopes for a new war to unify the country ANS: D DIF: Moderate TOP: The new federal city (II)

REF: Page 330 MSC: Applied

OBJ: 1

7. President Jefferson's cabinet: A. included no one from New England B. was marked for its mediocrity C. shared his objective of destroying the Federalists D. included Madison as secretary of state E. never actually met ANS: D DIF: Easy TOP: The "revolution of 1800" (III.A)

REF: Page 330 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 1

8. In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court: A. showed its commitment to states' rights B. ruled that Marbury should occupy his judicial position C. made itself the government's most powerful branch D. proved it was not influenced by politics E. declared a federal law unconstitutional ANS: E DIF: Moderate TOP: Jefferson and the judiciary (III.B)

REF: Page 331 MSC: Applied

OBJ: 2

9. In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court chief justice who established the principle of judicial review was: A. Albert Gallatin B. John Jay C. John Pickering D. John Marshall E. John Quincy Adams ANS: D DIF: Easy TOP: Jefferson and the judiciary (III.B)

REF: Page 331 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 2

10. Jefferson showed his commitment to limited government by: A. cutting military spending B. selling the national bank C. ending the tariff D. abolishing the post office E. canceling the national debt ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 333 TOP: Conflicts with Federalist policies (III.C)

OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

11. Thomas Jefferson believed that a large federal debt would: A. mean high taxes and public corruption B. be a national "blessing" C. help bankers and investors in the United States make money from the federal government D. be easily paid off in fifty years E. cause another revolution ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 333 TOP: Conflicts with Federalist policies (III.C)

OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

12. In the early 1800s, the United States engaged in a naval conflict with: A. France B. North African pirates C. Britain D. Spain E. Canadian smugglers ANS: B OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

DIF: Easy REF: Pages 333–34 TOP: Conflict with the Barbary pirates (III.D)

13. The Louisiana Purchase was made possible by: A. Jefferson's threat to take the land by force B. Britain's support of the U.S. effort C. Napoléon's disastrous setback in Haiti D. the fact that France offered it for free E. the political backing of the Federalists ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E)

REF: Page 335 MSC: Conceptual

OBJ: 3

14. All of the following are true of the Louisiana Purchase EXCEPT: A. it was Jefferson's greatest achievement as president B. the United States acquired an immensity of new territory C. it was easily approved by the Senate D. it was clearly constitutional E. it soon led to further territorial acquisition ANS: D OBJ: 3

DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 335–36 TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E) MSC: Factual

15. The Louisiana Purchase was a problem for Jefferson because: A. the cost was too high for the United States to pay B. acquisition of new Indian lands was contrary to his principles and beliefs C. the territory was ideal for slavery, which he opposed D. he believed that the Constitution did not give authority to acquire new land E. it would be hard to defend it against the Spaniards ANS: D DIF: Moderate TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E)

REF: Page 336 MSC: Conceptual

OBJ: 3

16. Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to: A. make peace with the Indians B. establish a settlement in Louisiana C. capture California D. spread Christianity westward E. map and explore well beyond the Mississippi ANS: E DIF: Easy TOP: Exploring the continent (III.F)

REF: Page 337 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 3

17. Lewis and Clark's expedition: A. gave the United States a claim to Oregon B. was a spectacular failure C. fought against Spaniards in Texas D. encountered no friendly Indians E. concluded that the West was uninhabitable ANS: A OBJ: 3

DIF: Easy REF: Pages 338–39 TOP: Exploring the continent (III.F) MSC: Factual

18. Jefferson's policy and political successes were shown when ______ became a Republican.

A. Thomas Pickering B. John Quincy Adams

C. Daniel Boone D. Aaron Burr E. Alexander Hamilton ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 339 TOP: Political schemes of the Federalist camp (III.G)

OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

19. The Essex Junto was: A. a group of New Englanders who supported the Louisiana Purchase B. the name given to Republican supporters of Aaron Burr C. an extremist group of Federalists in New England who developed the idea of secession from the Union D. the primary supporter of Jefferson's Embargo Act E. Jefferson's most trusted group of political advisers ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Page 340 TOP: Political schemes of the Federalist camp (III.G)

OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

20. The 1804 presidential election resulted in: A. a comeback for the Federalists B. Aaron Burr's duel with Alexander Hamilton C. Jefferson's landslide reelection D. the rise of a powerful third party E. months of confusion over the actual winner ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 340 TOP: Political schemes of the Federalist camp (III.G)

OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

21. To avoid the problems associated with political parties running multiple candidates for the presidency, Congress: A. outlawed multiple party candidates B. called for a constitutional convention to deal with this issue C. changed the qualifications for president D. passed the Twelfth Amendment providing that electors use separate ballots to vote for a president and a vice president E. made popular vote the method by which presidents would be chosen ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 340 TOP: Political schemes of the Federalist camp (III.G)

OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

22. The "Old Republicans," led by John Randolph: A. were mostly from northern and middle states B. were staunch nationalists C. were very closely allied with the Whigs D. supported Thomas Jefferson E. supported an agrarian society ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Page 341 TOP: Emergence of the Old Republicans (IV.A) 23. Aaron Burr's conspiracy: A. involved a plot to assassinate Jefferson B. brought his conviction for treason

OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

C. involved the Federalists D. aimed to give him a private western empire E. caused his removal as vice president ANS: D DIF: Easy TOP: The Burr conspiracy (IV.B)

REF: Page 341 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 1

24. Aaron Burr's treason trial featured: A. John Marshall's insistence upon a rigid definition of treason B. Burr's dramatic confession C. Jefferson's testimony on behalf of the prosecution D. charges that the jury had been bribed E. three witnesses of overt acts of treason ANS: A DIF: Moderate TOP: The Burr conspiracy (IV.B)

REF: Page 342 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 2

25. As a result of the competing British and French "paper blockades," American shippers: A. stayed at home B. ran the risk of capture C. got Jefferson to strengthen the navy D. armed their merchant vessels E. paid bribes to the British and French navies ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Page 343 TOP: Harassment of shipping by Britain and France (V.B)

OBJ: 4 MSC: Applied

26. In the Essex case: A. a British court ruled that enemy goods were subject to seizure even if shipped through neutral ports B. a French gunboat that ran aground in North Carolina was burned C. the American navy seized and improperly searched a British ship D. certain provisions of Pinckney's Treaty were violated E. Britain explained why its impressment of American sailors was legal ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 343 TOP: Harassment of shipping by Britain and France (V.B)

OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

27. Jefferson's response to British and French interference with American shipping was: A. an effort to woo France into an alliance B. an effort to woo Britain into an alliance C. what he called a policy of “peaceable coercion” D. to ignore the matter and continue trading with both E. to shift the American economy toward industrialization ANS: C DIF: Easy TOP: Jefferson's Embargo Act (V.C) 28. The Leopard's attack upon the Chesapeake: A. resulted in an American victory B. occurred on the Great Lakes C. created war fever in the United States D. brought an official British apology

REF: Page 344 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 4

E. ended the British practice of impressment ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Page 344 TOP: Harassment of shipping by Britain and France (V.B)

OBJ: 4 MSC: Applied

29. Jefferson's Embargo Act: A. forced a change in British policy B. was effectively enforced by the navy C. had widespread public backing D. sought to stop all American exports E. ended Jefferson's presidency on a successful note ANS: D DIF: Moderate TOP: Jefferson's Embargo Act (V.C)

REF: Page 344 MSC: Applied

OBJ: 4

30. The greatest support for the declaration of war in 1812 came from: A. the New England area B. the areas in which commerce and international trade were a primary occupation C. the manufacturing centers D. the agricultural regions from Pennsylvania southward and westward E. the Old Republicans ANS: D DIF: Easy TOP: Causes (VI.A)

REF: Page 346 MSC: Applied

OBJ: 4

31. President Madison's attempts to deal with British and French interference with American trade: A. were far more effective than Jefferson's B. showed his belief in peace at any price C. boosted the domestic economy D. revealed that Napoléon could be trusted E. led to war with the British ANS: E OBJ: 4

DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 346–47 TOP: The drift toward war (V.E) MSC: Applied

32. Western settlers and politicians believed war with Britain might enable: A. a monopoly of the fur trade B. expansion to the Pacific C. the conquest of Canada D. an alliance with Tecumseh E. an alliance with Napoléon ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: Causes (VI.A)

REF: Page 347 MSC: Applied

OBJ: 4

33. The Shawnee leader, Tecumseh: A. worked to unite Indians in a vast confederacy B. was probably the greatest Indian preacher C. befriended western settlers D. attacked British Canada E. won a battle when Americans attacked his capital ANS: A

DIF: Easy

REF: Page 348

OBJ: 1

TOP: Causes (VI.A)

MSC: Factual

34. In the Battle of Tippecanoe: A. British forces defeated a larger American army B. American forces defeated a larger British army C. American frontiersmen battled Spanish settlers in Florida D. the hope of an Indian confederation to protect their hunting grounds was ended E. William Henry Harrison was shamefully defeated by the Indians ANS: D DIF: Easy TOP: Causes (VI.A)

REF: Page 349 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 4

35. Which war hawk loudly proclaimed that his state of Kentucky was ready to march on Canada and acquire its lucrative fur trade?

A. Felix Grundy B. Henry Clay C. John Randolph D. John C. Calhoun E. Andrew Jackson ANS: B DIF: Easy TOP: Causes (VI.A)

REF: Page 350 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 4

36. As the War of 1812 started, one strength of the United States was: A. a large standing army B. a small but war-tested navy C. a surplus in the federal budget D. the national bank's stabilization of the economy E. President Madison's genius as commander-in-chief ANS: B DIF: Easy TOP: Preparations for war (VI.B)

REF: Page 351 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 4

REF: Page 354 MSC: Applied

OBJ: 4

37. The naval battle on Lake Erie resulted in: A. the death of Tecumseh B. American control of Canada C. the end of British naval supremacy D. Commodore Perry's glorious victory E. a British invasion of New York ANS: D DIF: Difficult TOP: War in the North (VI.C)

38. At Horseshoe Bend, Andrew Jackson won a smashing victory over the: A. Cherokees B. Shawnees C. British D. Spaniards E. Creeks ANS: E DIF: Easy TOP: War in the South (VI.D)

REF: Page 355 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 4

39. To President Jefferson, one major incentive to purchase Louisiana was to: A. gain the support of the Federalists B. secure American access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans C. spend some of the surplus money in the Treasury D. prove that the United States had become a world power E. acquire new ports on the Pacific ANS: B DIF: Moderate TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E)

REF: Page 356 MSC: Applied

OBJ: 3

40. The British invasion of the mid-Atlantic coast in 1814 resulted in: A. their capture of Baltimore B. their defeat by American militia C. the capture and burning of Washington, D.C. D. Madison's resignation as president E. the U.S. decision to sue for peace ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Page 356 TOP: Invasions at Washington and Baltimore (VI.F)

OBJ: 4 MSC: Applied

41. The most notable aspect of the British assault upon Baltimore was: A. the complete destruction of Fort McHenry B. the large number of civilian casualties C. the length of the siege that followed D. its inspiration for the eventual national anthem E. the superb performance of the U.S. Navy ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 357 TOP: Invasions at Washington and Baltimore (VI.F)

OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

42. The British attack on Baltimore's Fort McHenry: A. resulted in the destruction of the British fleet B. made a national hero of Andrew Jackson C. increased support for the war in New England D. resulted in a bombardment that did not force the fort's surrender E. resulted in an embarrassing American defeat ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Page 357 TOP: Invasions at Washington and Baltimore (VI.F)

OBJ: 4 MSC: Applied

43. The British defeat at New Orleans is best explained by: A. their attack upon a strong defensive position B. Andrew Jackson's military genius C. their loss of energy in the southern heat D. the sharpshooting of the Americans E. prior awareness that a peace treaty had been signed ANS: A DIF: Difficult TOP: Battle of New Orleans (VI.G)

REF: Page 358 MSC: Conceptual

44. The Treaty of Ghent: A. guaranteed American shipping rights B. gave the British access to the Mississippi River

OBJ: 4

C. recognized the clear U.S. victory D. ended the war E. gave the United States part of Canada ANS: D DIF: Easy TOP: Treaty of Ghent (VI.H)

REF: Page 358 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 4

45. The Hartford Convention illustrated deep opposition to the war in: A. the South B. New England C. New York D. the West E. Congress ANS: B DIF: Easy TOP: The Hartford Convention (VI.I)

REF: Page 359 MSC: Factual

OBJ: 4

REF: Page 359 MSC: Applied

OBJ: 4

46. The War of 1812: A. made the United States a world power B. strengthened the Federalists C. was the deadliest in U.S. history D. gave the United States its first colonies E. generated intense patriotic pride ANS: E DIF: Moderate TOP: Aftermath of the war (VI.J)

47. In the aftermath of the War of 1812: A. Americans took decisive action against the Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean B. the Barbary pirates defeated the small U.S. Navy and forced President Madison into an expensive settlement C. the U.S. government paid tribute to the Barbary pirates to avoid an additional war with them D. America and the Barbary states reached a peaceful settlement concerning shipping rights off the Barbary Coast E. the United States, Britain, and France combined to defeat the Barbary pirates ANS: A OBJ: 4

DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 360–61 TOP: Aftermath of the war (VI.J) MSC: Applied

48. At the Hartford Convention, delegates: A. voted to secede from the Union B. proposed a series of constitutional amendments to limit Republican influence in government C. denounced New England merchants who had traded with the British during the war D. voted to join the Republican party E. offered generous peace terms to the British ANS: B DIF: Easy TOP: The Hartford Convention (VI.I)

REF: Page 360 MSC: Factual

49. As a result of the War of 1812, President Madison: A. ran for a third term

OBJ: 4

B. was even more committed to limited government C. learned the value of some Federalist policies D. is recognized as a great president E. switched parties ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: Aftermath of the war (VI.J)

REF: Page 361 MSC: Applied

OBJ: 4

ESSAY 1. Assess the degree to which Jefferson's election as president can accurately be called the "revolution of 1800."

ANS: Answer will vary.

2. "Strict construction of the Constitution is more a matter of politics than principle." Discuss this statement in light of the conflicts described in this chapter.

ANS: Answer will vary.

3. Political dissension seemed to be an important factor in the era of Jefferson. This can be seen in the appearance of, among other things, the Burr conspiracy, the Essex Junto, and the Hartford Convention.

How can you account for these examples, and what generalizations can you draw from them?

ANS: Answer will vary.

4. Discuss the issues that led to the Marbury v. Madison case of 1803. What were the results of the decision, and what impact did it have on the Supreme Court and the country?

ANS: Answer will vary.

5. Describe President Jefferson's foreign policy, especially as it related to the Barbary pirates and the French.

ANS: Answer will vary.

6. Describe the Lewis and Clark expedition. What impact did it have on developing the United States west of the Mississippi River?

ANS: Answer will vary.

7. Examine Aaron Burr's western conspiracy.

ANS: Answer will vary.

8. Led by John Randolph of Roanoke, the Old Republicans became outspoken critics of Jefferson during his second term. Examine their criticisms and their vision for America.

ANS: Answer will vary.

9. Thomas Jefferson's decision to enact the embargo is one of the most criticized moments in American history. Did he make the right decision?

ANS: Answer will vary.

10. Why did the United States go to war with Britain in 1812? Which groups of people supported and opposed the war? Why? ANS: Answer will vary.

11. Examine Tecumseh's attempt to unify western Indians against the Americans. Was his defeat an important moment in Indian-Anglo relations?

ANS: Answer will vary.

12. Although soon forgotten, Americans had a fixation on incorporating Canada into the United States in the early 19th century. Examine that idea and discuss the philosophy behind it.

ANS: Answer will vary.

13. "The War of 1812 was an unnecessary conflict that solved nothing and brought no benefit to either side." Discuss the validity of this assertion.

ANS: Answer will vary.

14. Explain the Treaty of Ghent and the end of the War of 1812.

ANS: Answer will vary.

15. What were the short-term and long-term results of the War of 1812?

ANS: Answer will vary.

MATCHING Match each description with the item below.

A. appointed justice of the peace in the District of Columbia B. elected president in 1804 C. negotiated Louisiana Purchase D. was a naval hero against the Barbary pirates E. was a war hawk F. saw British attack of Fort McHenry from Baltimore Harbor G. became vice president in 1801 H. was chief justice I. was an American naval hero in the War of 1812 J. explored Louisiana Purchase and Far West 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Aaron Burr Henry Clay Stephen Decatur Thomas Jefferson Francis Scott Key Meriwether Lewis Robert R. Livingston William Marbury John Marshall Oliver H. Perry

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

ANS: G ANS: E ANS: D ANS: B ANS: F ANS: J ANS: C ANS: A ANS: H ANS: I