SFS Magazine 2015-2016

THE NEW EU A confluence of challenges MIGRATION’S EVOLUTION No longer just an economic force

Walsh School of Foreign Service G E O R G E T O W N U N I V E R S I T Y • 2016 -2017

HANDS-ON TEACHING One professor’s real-world classroom

THE SCIENCE OF SFS

International affairs’ need for science and technology

STIA professor Sarah Stewart Johnson

Contents

02 Dean Hellman Reflects 04 Fast Facts

Walsh School of Foreign Service

GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY • 2016-2017

SFS is published regularly by Georgetown University's WALSH SCHOOL OF FOREIGN SERVICE , in conjunction with Washingtonian Custom Media, a division of Washingtonian Media (washingtoniancustommedia.com). We welcome feedback and suggestions for future issues. Please contact Jen Lennon, Director of Communications, Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Intercultural Center 228, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, DC 20057; by phone at 202-687-5736; or by email at jll87@georgetown.edu. Website: sfs.georgetown.edu

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06 Origins of SFS SFS’ mysterious founder Constantine McGuire.

08 Student Profiles Meet three standout SFS students.

10 SFS-Q Research Center for International and Regional Studies’ latest work.

12 Showcasing Alumni Two alums share how SFS shaped their careers.

26 Meet Our Faculty Two professors discuss what they love: teaching.

32 Alumnus Spotlight One SFS alumnus talks about representing America around the world.

“There’s a sense of change in many students who say that science is now a part of international affairs.”

—MARK GIORDANO, Cinco Hermanos Chair in Environment and International Affairs

COVER Photograph by

Jeff Ellis. HERE MICHELE OENBRINK/ALAMY

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The Science of Global Affairs

Old World, New World

A New Migration

SFS science, technology, and international affairs’ majors embrace an interdisciplinary curriculum.

The future of the European Union is uncertain after the Brexit vote, the current refugee crisis, and Russia’s looming threat.

Worldwide migration patterns are no longer for just economic gain, but forced by global environmental and political changes.

 facebook.com/georgetownsfs  twitter.com/georgetownsfs vimeo.com/georgetownsfs

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Leadership ue to draw upon passion for the SFS mission, current students are “doing first-rate work in the classroom and in the real world” with equal optimism, and faculty and staff have expressed ways to invest in bold, new ideas for the school’s next 100 years.

Drawing from these conversations—as well as the work of a faculty committee charged with creating a Centennial Vision— Dean Hellman formulated priNew dean, Joel Hellman, sets orities for the next era at SFS. priorities for SFS’ international » Intensifying SFS’ international character. SFS piscope, collaboration, and the ICC. oneered international education in the U.S., but many other schools have caught up, Dean Hellman notes.

He believes SFS is paramount to Georgetown’s transition into a “truly” global university, and that every SFS student should be required to study and/or work r. Joel S. Hellman’s first year as dean abroad, so that they can apply international context to of the Walsh School of Foreign Ser- their existing knowledge. Equally important, SFS will vice coincided with a significant shift attract a larger group of the best international students in the geopolitical climate. “We’ve from more nations and socio-economic backgrounds. seen a backlash against globalization, » Creating collaboration: Dean Hellman believes the rise of right and populist parties that collaboration between SFS and other Georgeworldwide, and more national political dialogues town schools creates opportunities for superior probturning inward,” Dean Hellman says. “Our mission— lem-solving. For example, the link between private secto prepare young leaders to solve complex problems in tor solutions and international development translates an increasingly interconnected global environment— into collaboration between SFS and experts from the has never been more important than it is today.”

McDonough School of Business. Similarly, addressing He describes SFS as a place designed to engage climate change means SFS needs to offer more science with the world in an effort to preserve SFS’ founda- courses and work with the College to place students tion for global commitment, engagement, and service, into innovative laboratory environments. as well as a place to prepare and educate future global The recent incorporation of the Laboratory for leaders.

Global Performance and Politics into SFS addresses Training in international affairs is critical not just for Dean Hellman’s recognition that “narrative is now cenfuture diplomats, Dean Hellman says, but for people en- tral in shaping how people look at international affairs.” tering business, technology, the arts, » Reimagining SFS’ space: Calling science, and of course, government. the ICC a “maze” and “physically “More than ever, all fields are ‘global’ fragmented” with 23 institutes and today,” he says. “And SFS is the best centers across four buildings, Dean place to train students in internaHellman proposes re-thinking the “More than ever, tional affairs, period.” layout of the school to encourage all fields are Dean Hellman came to SFS better collaboration. He recalls ‘global’ today.” after 15 years at the World Bank, a poem written in chalk in Red where the Georgetown ethos of Square last summer: “Your eyes service was a powerful connecare like the ICC / I could get lost tion. He served as the Bank’s first chief institutional in them all day.” He laughs, but calls SFS’ classrooms economist and also led its engagement with fragile “handcuffs on the incredible methods that SFS faculty and conflict-affected states as director of the Bank’s members are developing” which include simulations, Center on Conflict, Security, and Development in design thinking, game theory, and lab-style learning. “We Nairobi, Kenya. “I have lived the values of SFS for need to reimagine our space so that it draws us together the bulk of my career,” Dean Hellman says. into productive conversation and collaboration,” he says.

Since arriving in July 2015, Dean Hellman has been The dean’s vision extends well beyond the upcoming continually engaged in conversations with alumni, centennial. “When I first interviewed for this job, I realstudents, faculty, and staff about pushing the school ized the importance of the word ‘service’ in the name of in new, innovative directions. During his first year at the school,” he says. “I feel that word daily as we work to SFS, he spoke to hundreds of alumni, many who called imagine a second century molded for the better.” their Hilltop training “indispensable.” Everyone, he says, has visions for the school’s future: alumni contin- » Jean Dimeo contributed to this story.

TAKING THE LEAD

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PHOTOGRAPH BY PHIL HUMNICKY

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Fast Facts

S F S U N D E R G R A D UAT E S I N D. C . >

250

860

SFS undergraduates in Doha, Qatar

1,400 G RADUATE S TUDE N TS

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Different languages for study

> > > > > Av a i l a b l e c e r t i f i c a t e s o f s p e c i a l i z a t i o n > > > > >

29,000 Founded in

1919

8 Undergraduate majors

8 Graduate programs

> > > > > > CO U R S E S TAU G H T AT S F S > > > > > >

541

SFS FACULTY >

531 4

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>>>

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S F S A LU M N I LIVING IN 120 D I F F E R E N T CO U N T R I E S

2 International campuses (Italy, Qatar)

600

128 Full-time faculty

faculty 413 Part-time practicing in their fields

SFS FAC ULT Y OR RESEAR C H INSTITUTE MENTIO NS IN THE NE WS

SUPPORT SFS

Alumni frequently ask how they can help SFS. Here are a few ideas:

Do we have up-to-date contact information? Make sure your information is correct and re-introduce SFS to your classmates. Email: addup@georgetown.edu

Facilitate philanthropic support of SFS by providing introductions to foundations, corporations, and organizations. Email: Maryam Henson, Office of Corporate & Foundation Relations, ocfr@georgetown.edu

Sponsor a dinner, reception, or lecture for alumni, parents, friends, students, and faculty to foster SFS community engagement. Email: Eleanor Jones, Eleanor.Jones@georgetown.edu

Join fellow alumni online for GUAA Alumni Career Services webinars, offered on a variety of professional development trends.

Web: alumni.georgetown.edu/careers

Suggest additions to the “Prominent Alumni List” which is posted on the SFS website.

Web: sfs.georgetown.edu/prominent-alumni/ Email: sfscontact@georgetown.edu

Set up a student internship, post job openings, arrange a site visit, volunteer for a career panel, or serve as a career resource for resume reviews and mock interviews.

Email: Anne Steen, sfscdc@georgetown.edu

Your support of Georgetown University directly benefits thousands of Hoyas every day, enabling them to make a difference in their communities and around the world.

Web: giving.georgetown. edu/#howtogive Email: Katherine Smyth Haskins, kes34@ georgetown.edu

Apply to join the Georgetown Alumni Association Board of Governors.

Web: bog. georgetown.edu Email: guaa@ georgetown.edu

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History

MAN WITH A MISSION

SFS founder Constantine McGuire launched a mission that echoes 100 years later.

FOUNDING FATHER Constantine McGuire, Ph.D. (center); Georgetown commencement exercises outside Healy Hall in 1925.

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PHOTOGRAPHS COURTESY OF GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ARCHIVES

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he Walsh School of Foreign Service is foreign policy and languages, recreating the unique named for Edmund A. Walsh, S.J., the education he had acquired in France.

Jesuit priest who guided and defined the Most of McGuire’s career and personal life is unschool from its founding in 1919 until his known. He was rumored to be the model for Elliot death in 1956. The original idea for the Templeton, the Catholic-American ex-pat living in Paris first U.S. school of international affairs, who acts as a contrast to Somerset Maugham’s spiritual however, was framed by a different man with a care- hero in “The Razor’s Edge.” Like Templeton, McGuire fully guarded history: Constantine McGuire. was alleged to be such a financial expert that he wiseMcGuire was born in 1890 in ly sold off his stock just before the Boston and educated at Harvard, 1929 market crash. He would leave earning his doctorate in history in the High Commission in 1922 to 1915. While in Paris, he studied at work as an economist at the Brookthe École des Langues Orientales ings Institution. He later served as Vivantes, and after graduation he a financial and economic advisor worked in Washington, D.C., at to Venezuela and authored articles the Inter-American High Comon the economies of Germany and mission, a group that facilitated Italy. Friends believed him to be economic relations between naamong the most influential Cathotions. Between 1916 and 1917, Mclic laymen in the United States and Guire began to draw up plans for a financial advisor to the papacy. an American school that would SFS professor Carroll Quigley’s provide a specialized education in article on McGuire called him a “Man of Mystery” and noted that “McGuire avoided all publicity and covered his activities with a cloak of secrecy which is almost impenetrable.” McGuire was known for turning down honorary degrees and refused to appear in “Who’s Who in America” and “American Catholic’s Who’s Who.” During his years in Washington, D.C., his only known address was “Box 1, the Cosmos Club,” the social club he used as an office.

Having conceived of an American school of foreign relations, McGuire tried to convince various Jesuits in the capital to take it on in 1918. After being turned down by both Georgetown University and Catholic University, McGuire got a second meeting with Georgetown President John B. Creeden, S.J., who asked Father Walsh, back from the Student Army Training Corps at the end of World War One, to run the new school.

In one surviving 1953 letter, McGuire himself noted how few people “have any knowledge what-

ever that I had something to do with the origin of the policy, a letter he wrote in 1953 expressed disappointschool” and remarked on his own “incurable allergy” ment that SFS provided training in “accounting, comto taking credit for things. However, McGuire was mercial law, and commercial activities generally… I responsible for hiring the initial faculty of SFS in his had not contemplated a school with dozens and dozrole as the school’s unofficial executive secretary be- ens of instructors and many hundreds of students.” tween 1919 and 1922. Memoranda addressed to Father Despite his misgivings, SFS started with one foot Walsh show that McGuire advised on many details in commercial practice and another in the theory of of the school and, perhaps most international relations. “Going importantly, convinced James A. back to Constantine McGuire and Farrell, the president of U.S. Steel, Father Walsh and the origins of to make the initial contribution to the school gets at something that the SFS endowment.

“Maguire is as true now as it was 100 years McGuire, ironically, grew disavoided all ago,” says SFS Dean Joel Hellman. enchanted with the growth and publicity and “Economic relationships across direction of SFS over the next few covered his the world are critical.” decades. Although McGuire was activities with a professionally involved in trade cloak of secrecy.” » Jean Dimeo contributed to this story.

CENTURY CLUB Healy Hall in 1913.

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Meet Our Students

STUDIES IN REAL TIME For Bethan Saunders (SFS ’17), academic and professional experiences at SFS solidified her passion for studying conflict in sub-Saharan Africa. by

MAXINE JOSELOW

When Bethan Saunders (SFS ’17) enrolled in the School of Foreign Service, she hoped to cross paths with influential policymakers over her four years on campus. But she never dreamed she would meet the German ambassador to the United States.

This fall, Saunders was one of a dozen students who spoke with the ambassador over coffee. Their discussion included Brexit, the Syrian refugee crisis, and European economic development.

“We got to hear from an ambassador himself about what it was like to be in foreign service,” Saunders says. “It was a very special opportunity.”

Saunders is originally from London; growing up, she split her time between London and Los Angeles. As a senior majoring

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in international politics, Saunders counts this conversation among the high points of her academic career. But she is quick to list a handful of other highlights that helped further her professional ambitions.

For instance, Saunders talks about interning at the White House. She took a semester off to intern for the Council of Women and Girls, working on women’s issues in an international context.

“I was really challenged to apply what I’d learned in the classroom and dive headfirst into the Obama administration,” Saunders says. “It was great to be in D.C. and see what it’s like for people in my field.”

From the White House, Saunders headed to the State Department for a subsequent internship for the Secretary’s Office of Religion and Global Affairs.

She was tasked with working “I was able to on security issues in sub-Sasee everyharan Africa, which gave her thing that I another glimpse into the field was learning of international relations. in class play The internship at the State out in real Department also had an untime.” foreseen effect: It helped Saunders narrow her academic focus. While she had entered SFS interested in the Middle East, she knew after the internship that she wanted to study gender and security in sub-Saharan Africa.

This change of focus paved the way for another standout experience: studying abroad in South Africa last year. Saunders went to Capetown at a time of political upheaval. As a result, her classes on conflict had a direct bearing on the protests occurring at nearby universities.

“I was able to see everything that I was learning in class play out in real time,” Saunders says. “It was one of the most challenging and enlightening experiences.”

As a recipient of the Mortara Undergraduate Research Fellowship, Saunders was even able to travel around Africa during a break. The fellowship funded her trip to Rwanda, where she studied conflict resolution after the genocide.

Saunders looks forward to graduating this spring. She envisions herself working in the private sector before ultimately pursuing a career in public service. With her combination of skills and experience, she’s already snagged a job offer working for Morgan Stanley on the international sales desk.

Preparing for Crisis Graduate student Keishi Abe (MSFS ’18) is a trained medical doctor who wants to make a difference in global health security.

by ROSA CARTAGENA

When Ebola spread across West Africa and made global headlines in 2014, Keishi Abe (MSFS ’18) was responsible for Japan’s preparations despite its far proximity. “Japan is literally the opposite of Africa on the globe,” says the MSFS graduate student and physician. “But we have to prepare for all the possibilities.”

How do you prepare for a crisis? Risk communication is key, he says. Abe, who was dedicated to the infectious disease crisis management unit in Japan’s Ministry of Health, says one of the hardest parts of his job was gathering correct information from those on the ground. People are sometimes so busy managing the crisis at home that they don’t have time to share their updates.

The health crisis affected politics, too. “This kind of public health issue is really a political issue,” says Abe. “If the government cannot contain [it]

immediately, people’s opinion of the government will become very harsh.” Thankfully, there were no cases of Ebola that arrived in Japan. Abe was in charge of the effort to send Japan’s doctors to Sierra Leone and Liberia, two countries that were seriously affected. In February 2015, Abe traveled to Guinea with his colleagues to survey the Ebola epidemic firsthand to assess what was needed and what resources Japan could offer. It was difficult to see. The treatment centers were in a worse condition than he expected, but Abe sought to find out how his country could continue to help.

Abe realized his passion for health security at a young age when severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) broke out in neighboring China and Southeast Asia. Though the disease caused panic in the region, he admired the dedication of one doctor, Carlo Urbani, who was instrumental in its early detection and containment.

Inspired by Urbani’s commitment, Abe pursued medical school in his home country of Japan. Soon after his residency in neurosurgery, he turned to policy. With his appointment in the Ministry of Health, crisis preparedness was essential.

Abe says that there was always a possibility that infected patients could come to Japan.

He had to make sure that if any did arrive, the country would be ready and he would be able to act quickly under pressure.

Abe is eager to expand his international security perspective while at SFS. When he visited Guinea, he was impressed with how the military assisted in emergency response operations. He wants to study the interaction between public health and security. “I’d like to contribute to my country and to the world,” Abe says.

carve out time to mentor undergraduate students researching topics in security studies.

Given Marquis’ early life, it’s easy to understand how his passion for public service began. His father was an FBI special agent, and his mother was an assistant U.S. attorney, something Marquis says influenced him greatly. “That really shaped my world view on the potential for service to be a good factor for helping to improve our communities,” he explains. As a young boy he was actively involved in the Boy Scouts of America, which taught A stint in security studies reveals him about problem-solving, a leader in SFS graduate student collaborating with others, Preston Marquis (SFS ’16, SSP ’17) and giving back to the comby HAYLEY GARRISON PHILLIPS munity. In high school, he further honed those skills in Model U.N. and even particPreston Marquis (SFS ’16, SSP ’17) is very ipated in an FBI youth leadership program. much a generalist when it comes to interBy the time Marquis was scoping out national affairs. “Given how interrelated colleges, his general interest in public tools of national power are, you can’t service had transformed to a worldview, achieve ends in the world just using the a deeply-rooted belief in the power of military, or diplomacy, or economics,” he pursuing positive change by dedicatsays. “It all fits together.” ing oneself to the greater community.

As an undergraduate student at the Walsh Marquis’ sights were set on the largest School of Foreign Service, Marquis had a community of all: the global one. He was concentration in U.S. national security policy drawn to Georgetown for its nearly cenwhich, as he explains it, deals with resources, tury-old School of Foreign Service—he decision-making processes, and strategy, all wanted a separate program, not one built great tools for an aspiring bureaucrat with into a larger liberal arts degree—and he an interest in policy development. was also thinking of the opportunities But after a few minutes spent speaking living in D.C. would afford someone in with Marquis, it’s clear that he is destined his particular field of study. for more than a career as a behind-theFor Marquis, interning at the FBI scenes bureaucrat. seemed to bring things in his life full cirWith an undergraduate degree from cle. “There has always been this inertial, SFS, a two-year internship at the FBI, sort of inevitable pull to the Bureau,” he and an internship in the office of the explains. “I feel like it did a lot to shape Secretary of Defense my own career aspirations.” for cyber policy under Whether he ends up in national se“You can’t his belt, Marquis is now curity, defense, or foreign policy, he isn’t achieve ends a graduate student in sure, but he definitely wants to stay inin the world the accelerated secu- volved. “I’m less concerned about where just using the rity studies master’s I end up sitting because I know that, at military, or program. By staying in- the end of the day, it’s all feeding the diplomacy, or volved at Georgetown, same end goal.” For Marquis, that means economics.” he has also managed to a better world through public service.

THE QUIET POWER OF CIVIL SERVICE

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Global Reach

RESEARCHING THE GULF, RESEARCHING THE WORLD Georgetown’s Center for International and Regional Studies contributes seminal research on the Gulf region and beyond. by SYDNEY M AH AN

examined topics ranging from the role of religious authorities in the Middle East to media and politics during the 2011 Arab Spring.

CIRS opened in 2005 in conjunction with the launch of SFS-Q, and Kamrava joined in 2007 as its first director. Kamrava has spearheaded the research facility, focusing on four main activities including research, publications, public affairs programming, and faculty engagement.

Under his leadership, CIRS has produced more than 30 multidisciplinary research initiatives. They range from world renowned scholars and policymakers in the fields of international relations, political economy, domestic politics, and more, as well as undergraduate students.

“We always make sure to have a balance in terms of geography and disciplines,” Kamrava says when discussing the process of CIRS’s research. “Geography, nnovation and collaboration. These are the tenets meaning we try not to bring scholars from only North that Dr. Mehran Kamrava, director of the Center America or only scholars from Europe or only scholars for International and Regional Studies (CIRS) from the region. We make sure there’s a multiplicity of and professor at the Walsh School of Foreign Ser- perspectives and backgrounds as well as disciplines.” vice in Qatar, says the CIRS will continue to bring to This variety is important to CIRS’s overall work, the world stage.

Kamrava says, as it brings everyone to the table.

Established in 2005 as part of the founding of the “We literally have a round table that seats 26 peoSFS campus in Doha, Qatar, CIRS has grown to become ple,” says Kamrava. “So the students are involved one of the Gulf region’s leading research institutions, at every level…They sit around the table with these filling the gaps in existing literature while also raising world-renowned scholars, talking about what is originew questions to be explored through pioneering books nal in the area of their specialization and the students and publications on the Gulf region and Middle East. provide summary reports of [these] discussions.”

“Our strength lies in our ability to look at the region In addition to its focus on the Gulf region and the from within, our local networks, local resources, and Middle East, over the past couple of years, the center the vantage point we have,” Kamrava says. Generally, has also begun to complement its research of the region it has prioritized the study of the Persian Gulf region. by looking to the east. Projects focus on the South Cau“But we have also taken on other topics where we think casus in Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, as well as a we could make original and signifistudy on central Asia, Kamrava says. cant contributions related to the “These are topics [that], to a broader Middle East and topics that non-specialist, may not seem as inrelate to it.” teresting or relevant,” Kamrava says.

Focusing on inter-state and “We make “But for us, these are pioneering topintra-state conflicts, as well as sosure there’s a ics that have enabled us to contribute cioeconomic and political trends, multiplicity of original findings to the literature.”

CIRS has, through its multitude perspectives To learn more about CIRS’ reof original empirically-sound reand backgrounds search projects, publications, and search projects, grant programs, as well as how to get involved, visit cirs. and monthly academic discussions, disciplines.” georgetown.edu.

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INNOVATING MINDS The Gulf Working Group discuss sectarian politics in the Persian Gulf.

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(LEFT TO RIGHT) Aislinn McNiece: Barcelona, Spain, study abroad; Connor O’Brien: Tbilisi, Georgia, Russian language; Ryan Sudo: worldwide (pictured in Taiwan), Circumnavigator’s Grant; Sarah Mack: Seoul, South Korea, North Korea Strategy Center; (ROW 2) Soham Banerji: Jakarta, Indonesia, Coca-Cola 5by20 Initiative; Elizabeth Bujwid: Kunming, China, Chinese language; Anthony Bernard-Sasges: Beirut, Lebanon, UNHCR; (ROW 3) Caitlin Garrabrant: Copenhagen, Denmark, study at Copenhagen Business School; Brian Moore: Honolulu, Hawaii, Pacific Forum CSIS; Andrea Welsh: New Delhi, India,International Center for Research on Women; Eric Salgado: Brasilia, Brazil, U.S. Embassy.

#SummerSFS

SFS Supports Students in Summer Internships and Language Study

Internships are an integral part of the SFS education and prepare undergraduate and graduate students for careers in the international arena. Internships provide students with the opportunity to enhance their academic coursework; gain professional experience and insight into career opportunities; develop contacts in their field of interest; and explore the public, private, and non-profit sectors. SFS students intern around the world for organizations that include the U.S. State and Defense departments, the United Nations, international NGOs, and Fortune-500 companies. Some attend intensive language courses to achieve mastery of their chosen foreign language, or conduct research for their theses.

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Showcasing Alumni and new programming.”

While there’s no “typical day,” Soleimani spends her time at work meeting with her team to decide which grants to give out, talking to reporters, pitching stories, and interacting across teams.

All to make sure the world knows about Google.org’s accomplishments and that they are authentic to Google.

Soleimani has been at Google for over four years. She initially joined on the product PR side for Google search and then covered corporate initiatives around people operations and culture before moving into her most recent role.

“The people that I work with and the causes that I get to support” are the most enjoyable part of her work, she says.

Some of the initiatives she’s worked on include: raising $16 million to be used towards the Syrian refugee crisis; providing funding and 3D technology to the new National Museum of African American History and Culture in D.C.; and helping George and Roya Soleimani (MAAS ’11) harnesses Google’s global reach to fund nonAmal Clooney’s mission to eduprofits and causes around the world. by JENNIFER MESCHEWSKI cate Syrian refugee children in Lebanon. “It is the level of scale and authenticity that makes me proud to be at Google,” she says. he power of Google is immense, but it’s also the Soleimani’s move to Google was not typical for work they do off-line that makes an incredible a Georgetown SFS graduate. While pursuing her difference in the world. And for SFS alumna Master of Arts in Arab Studies at SFS, Soleimani was Roya Soleimani (MAAS ’11), to be a part of that most interested in how Iran interacts with its Arab humanitarian arm is a fulfilling moment of her career. neighbors. Being able to study with people who know For the past year, Soleimani has been working at the area was very exciting, she said. She describes Google.org, the philanthropy branch of Google. Goo- Georgetown as a “living classroom,” which meant gle.org is how Google is able to support nonprofits taking classes with and interning for practitioners that are doing innovative work, she says. It is philan- like Secretary Madeleine Albright. She also credits thropy, employee volunteering, crisis response, and her Arabic professors for her ability to speak Arabic. much more. “You can come to the table with an idea Following graduation, she moved back home and you can get people and dollars behind it,” she to California and started working at Google a few says. “It is a proud moment to see all of the various months later. Though it doesn’t seem like Arab studcauses that we dedicate ourselves to.” ies relates to the Google search engine, Soleimani When asked to describe her typical day working at says that Google’s global reach was a natural connecGoogle, Soleimani laughs. “There is no typical day at tion for her SFS background, particularly now on the Google,” she says. “Each day can be its own adventure, philanthropic side of the business. “I feel like it is depending on our news announcements, launches feeding that Georgetown interest everyday,” she says.

MAKING A SOCIAL IMPACT

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Advocating for Migrants

Joanna Williams (SFS ’13) says SFS taught her how to use privilege to make a difference. by ANGIE HILSM AN

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FULL IMMERSION Joanna Williams addresses a group of migrants.

oanna Williams (SFS ’13) first encountered the Kino Border Initiative (KBI) at a 2010 presentation while she was a student at Georgetown University. Williams decided to volunteer at the binational Jesuit ministry—aimed at protecting families and individuals as they migrate across the U.S.-Mexico border—after her experience volunteering in migrant communities in Northern Virginia.

She took a leave of absence and spent a semester assisting with humanitarian aid, educational groups, and interviewing migrants for KBI in 2011.

“My experience at KBI in 2011 broke my heart open to love more,” she acknowledges.

“As I got to know individuals at the comedor and cared more and more about their journey, I was constantly challenged by my powerlessness. That motivated me to want to continue to learn and experience more so that I might be better able to respond to their situations.”

Williams continued her advocacy—researching with the Institute for the Study of International Migration, volunteering at a migrant shelter in Veracruz, and coordinating educational resources for workers’ rights advocates through the Kalmanovitz Initiative—before finishing her degree in international culture and politics in 2013.

She then received a prestigious Fulbright grant to research the reintegration of deported and returned migrants in Jalisco and Puebla in Mexico.

In June 2015, Williams returned to KBI as the director of education and advocacy.

“The core of what we do is focus on the dignity of the people here at the border and respond to their needs,” Williams says. She explains that migration often includes Border Patrol abuse, lack of protec-

“I was constantly challenged by my powerlessness.”

tion for individuals fleeing violence, and family separation during the detention process.

Williams’ week might include listening to migrant stories, conference calls with the Department of Homeland Security, and welcoming immersion groups. Groups visiting from her alma mater will serve migrants in soup kitchens, she says, while longer visits include walking in the desert and court dates in Tucson.

“We want them to not just understand migration in the abstract, but to get to know these people and walk in their shoes a little bit,” she says.

Williams recalls a youth from Central Mexico who was a victim of violence and was then forced to transport drugs across the desert. He sought asylum in the U.S., but is still being detained as part of the asylum process, she says.

“It’s shown me both the problems of the system and the strength of the individuals who we have the honor of working with,” Williams says.

While Williams leans on her 16-person team (staff from both Mexican and American outposts), and more than 100 volunteers, she also draws heavily from her education. Williams says that SFS challenged her to use her talents to make a difference, citing Professor Matthew Carnes’ question: “How do we use our privilege and gifts, and what is our call in that?”

“The work I did at Georgetown prepared me to do advocacy,” she says. “I understand the historical issues of asylum and the political reasons why it is the way it is, and I use that knowledge every day to understand what people might face in the system.”

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PHOTOGRAPH BY TOM WERNER/GETTY

Science, Technology, & International Affairs

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SFS: SAFE FROM SCIENCE, NO MORE

The science, technology and international affairs program opens SFS students up to new ways of solving problems. by RIN-RIN YU

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HERE’S AN OLD JOKE AT THE SCHOOL OF FOREIGN SER-

vice that SFS really stood for “Safe From Science” as diplomats-in-training studied policymaking and international affairs, leaving science to the scientists.

Today, no one is safe, as technology creeps into everyday lives, professions, and global affairs. And it’s become even more evident as the school’s science, technology, and international affairs (STIA) major has grown in popularity in recent years.

“To be good in public policy or business, you should understand that science and technology issues are important, and have the confidence to understand them or know who to ask,” says Mark Giordano, director of the STIA program and the Cinco Hermanos Chair in Environment and International Affairs at SFS. “We want [students] to grapple [with] it for themselves.”

And grappling they are. From biology and organic chemistry to computer science and multivariable calculus, students are diving right into the thick of disciplines previously avoided. Today’s

students recognize the importance of having an interdisciplinary background when it comes to international affairs. They know that “if they can’t claim something on the science side, they are losing some credibility,” Giordano says.

It’s not that easy to just throw some social science students into the deep end of hard science, but STIA students aren’t afraid.

“Maybe it’s a Georgetown trait,” Giordano muses. “If you raise the bar, they’ll take the challenge.”

History of the Major Originally a concentration under the international politics major, STIA slowly began to build and grow through the 1980s. It was propelled by the Cold War while the anti-nuclear protest was mounting and when President Reagan put forward the idea of the Strategic Defense Initiative. The Three Mile Island partial CONTINUED

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nuclear meltdown in Pennsylvania had already occurred in 1979; jor. Ambassador Robert Gallucci was named SFS dean, and he scientists were investigating what would happen to the environ- brought with him years of experience in nuclear diplomacy. He ment if nuclear war ever broke out. Astronomer Carl Sagan coined served as deputy executive chair of the U.N. special commission the phrase “nuclear winter” to describe those environmental ef- overseeing disarmament of weapons of mass destruction and fects. People were becoming aware of the vanishing ozone layer long-range missiles in Iraq at the end of the Gulf War and as by the 1970s, and two important documents were produced for chief negotiator in the 1994 North Korean nuclear crisis. Gallucci its protection: the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the brought comprehensive nuclear policy experience and a firstOzone Layer in 1985 and the Montreal Protocol in 1987. hand understanding of what students needed to learn.

“How can you not have something like STIA in an environ“I had no science background, I had no background in math,” ment like this?” asks Kathryn Olesko, associate professor and he says. “But my career was shaped by my enthusiasm for the former director of the STIA program and founding co-director science and the security policy, so I developed an expertise in of the Center for the Environment. “It was really prescient of nuclear energy for nuclear power purposes.” the deans to keep the SFS curriculum up to date by instituting Currently, he teaches a course on nuclear weapons and intersomething like STIA.” national security. The first part of his course Thanks in part to Olesko’s strong advofocuses on the technical aspects of nuclear cacy, STIA became a full-fledged major in energy, so the students have a solid grasp of the 1990s. As a concentration, it had only the fuel cycle. Then he spends time examininterested a few students each year, but as a ing how nuclear energy is harnessed for use major, there were approximately 40 students in weapons and how those weapons are acper class by 1997. Today there are about 75 “It was really quired. Students look at countries, such as students per graduating class, and it’s growprescient of Japan, which uses nuclear energy as a power ing: STIA is the second-largest major in SFS, the deans to source but does not have any nuclear weapright behind international politics. keep the SFS ons, contrasted with those countries that do.

STIA was never intended to merge scicurriculum “I want them to be more than the intelence and diplomacy, Olesko emphasizes. up to date by ligent reader on these issues,” he explains.

STIA places international affairs in the instituting “More expert than people in government who context of science, health, and technology, something haven’t spent the time to really look at what a which is a far wider umbrella than having like STIA.” chemical separation plant looks like, or what “foreign service officers help scientists condifferent enrichment technologies look like.” duct work abroad.” STIA, she says, involves While Gallucci was dean of SFS, the school the gamut of international affairs, including went hunting for a professor who could fill a “treaty, convention, and protocol negotiations; science, technol- STIA role. It wasn’t easy. “One could not find many faculty in ogy, and development; international health issues; and so on.” the field of science, technology, and international affairs,” he Alumnus Michael Rogol (SFS ’94) was a product of the says. However, they managed to find Charles (Chuck) Weiss, a original STIA major. He recalls hot topics circulating around biochemist and the first scientific advisor at the World Bank. nuclear armaments and spent nuclear fuel in a post-Cold War Weiss was named the next director of STIA. world, climate change from carbon concentrations in the atmoWeiss grew the major to become what it is today, but Olesko sphere, and the rise of information technology such as email, says Weiss’s creation of the foundation course, STIA 305: Science cell phones, and the potential of the internet. With an eye on and Technology in the Global Arena, was a major highlight. The working in the energy sector, Rogol says STIA was the ideal course provides a comprehensive overview and coverage of the major. “Being in this sector requires a multidisciplinary ap- STIA major itself. It was redesigned two years ago to become a proach drawing from science, technology, economics, finance, team-taught course, divided into sections along the professors’ accounting, environmental studies, etc.,” he says. Today, Rogol lines of concentration. It introduces students to the STIA profesruns Photon Consulting, a global business investing and consult- sors, and sometimes introduces “the same problems from different ing company in the solar power sector. His company has hired angles,” Giordano says. Each of the units ends with a three-day Georgetown STIA majors from nearly every graduating class. simulation of a contemporary international issue that requires students to apply their scientific and technical knowledge.

Intertwining Disciplines CONTINUED • Olesko considers 1996 a major turning point for the STIA ma-

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Top: A classroom simulation to develop a feasibility plan for solar powered irrigation pumps in Ethiopia. Bottom, left to right: A representation of India’s plate of grass to Pakistan, after Pakistan said it would eat grass for a thousand years but still build its own atomic bomb; Prof. Joanna Lewis with STIA students in Paris during COP21climate negotiations.

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PHOTOGRAPH OF SILBERMAN AND TONG BY PHIL HUMNICKY; ROVER BY NASA/JPL-CALTECH/MSSS/JASON MAJOR

Staying Ahead STIA was divided into four tracks in the 1990s and today those an expert affiliated with NASA and the Department of Defense tracks are: will be offered.

• ENERGY & THE ENVIRONMENT: addresses climate change, geosciCurrent students welcome the ever-changing nature of the ences, energy economy, global food supply, and water crises.

STIA major. “It gives you a capacity and skill set to take whatever • BUSINESS, GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT: examines transforma- is thrown at you, and focus on how science and technology is always tive technologies and international competitiveness, inno- in flux,” says Sophie Faaborg-Anderson (SFS ’18), who is passionvation policy from Wall Street to nation-states, information ate about environmental issues and is pursuing the business track. technology, and entrepreneurship.

• BIOTECHNOLOGY & GLOBAL HEALTH: studies emerging infec- The STIA Path tious diseases, technology’s role in healthcare systems and Where do STIA majors go after graduation? The first STIA health equity, and the biotech revolution. graduate (1983) went on to earn a Ph.D. in the history of science • SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SECURITY: discusses nuclear prolif- from the University of Pennsylvania and is chief historian at the eration, low- and high-tech terrorism, cybersecurity and cy- NASA Ames History office. Two recent graduates work at the berwarfare, space, aerospace, and military technology strategy. Department of Defense. Another, Christopher R.M. Henderson Today the tracks mirror the issues handled by the White (SFS ’03), chose medicine as his profession, which he says is a House’s Office of Science and Technology Policy and other gov- direct result of his STIA training. ernment agencies. The four tracks are distinct, but often cross Another graduate, Sydney Young (SFS ’16), works for NASA DEover, which is intentional, and also natural.

VELOP, a part of the agency’s applied sciences STIA has always prepared students to program. With her STIA-security concentraunderstand current events, even staying well tion, Young was able to compete and earn a ahead of them as the events unfold. For examspot in the program. “The STIA program preple, by 2009, when the Stuxnet virus infected pared me for intensive research positions by the computer system running Iran’s centrifugproviding many opportunities to learn how to “If they can’t es and crippled the country’s capability to proread and write technical reports, how to conclaim something duce weapons-grade uranium, SFS students duct a thorough literature review, and how to on the science were already up to speed on the state of inforplan a complete methodology,” she says. side, they are mation warfare since 1998. The program has For the most part, STIA students are big fans losing some expanded its technical courses in geographic of their studies, which contributes to STIA’s credibility.” information system (GIS), remote sensing, and escalating popularity. Several point to a single environmental geosciences. In 2017, Olesko course or project that solidified their decisions says, a course on space and security taught by to pursue the major or concentration. “I had a chance to learn firsthand about funding gaps for important programs and help identify new sources of support,” says Samantha Lee (SFS ’17), about her environmental justice course that applied community-based learning.

Aaron Silberman (SFS ’18) says a course on environmental peace building inspired him to pursue the energy and the environment track. He’s active with the campus Environmental Futures Initiative, where he invited the former president of Kiribati, a vocal leader in climate displacement, to speak at a co-sponsored event. Silberman had met the Pacific island leader at a United Nations Environmental Assembly meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, the first time UNEA had invited a university delegation.

Mostly, these scholars are aware that a strong technical education cannot be avoided anymore. “There’s a sense that you can’t Aaron Silberman just joke around. Technology is everywhere and related to inter(SFS ’18) with climate displacement national relations,” Giordano says. “You look ignorant if you say, leader Anote Tong ‘I don’t want to take that stuff.’ There’s a sense of change in many students who say that science is now a part of international affairs.”

A “selfie” taken by the Mars Curiosity Rover, on Mars.

From International to Intergalactic Affairs What does planet Mars have to do with global affairs on Earth? Plenty, in fact.

When SFS brought on Sarah Johnson, a planetary scientist who also works on the Science Team for the Mars Curiosity Rover, the school took a new angle on international collaboration with regards to space travel.

Johnson teaches an extremely popular environmental geoscience course and has taught a proseminar on Mars exploration. She also teamteaches the gateway course,

STIA 305, which includes a blend of scientific and political discussions during class.

“The expanding exploration of space, particularly in terms of non-state actors, raises complex questions,” Johnson explains. “What rules govern private companies like SpaceX? What if they’re launching from international waters instead of U.S. territory? What are the ethics of exploration and colonization?”

She also runs a research lab, primarily focused on using tools from molecular biology

and organic geochemistry to look for traces of life in environments on Earth that are analogous to other planet bodies. The group is involved with current space missions and works with international collaborators. “Big scientific endeavors, like exploring outer space, inherently have political and economic dimensions,” she says. “That’s one of the great strengths of STIA, helping to ensure that scientists and policymakers speak the same language.”

It’s been fascinating for

Johnson, who says that STIA majors are really not afraid to delve into the tougher parts of science. “STIA majors want to go deep with science, but they are often also looking for ways to connect their studies to the society, culture, and political system in which they live,” she says.

She says it can be a challenge to provide students with the technical tools while providing the broad perspective as to why those tools matter, but “when we’re successful, it’s immensely fulfilling.”—R.Y.

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SFS

Crisis in Europe

THE REAL EUROPEAN CRISIS PHOTOGRAPH OF PROTESET BY JAY SHAW BAKER/GETTY; CHILDREN BY GIORGOS GEORGIOU/GETTY; LIFEJACKETS BY MICHAEL TUBI/GETTY

Although the EU has been hit with a series of outside threats, SFS experts say the real challenges lie within. by GARY THILL

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2,500 lifejackets, worn by refugees, were laid out in London’s Parliament Square in advance of the United Nations summit on the refugee crisis.

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S T H E E U R O P E A N U N I O N A P P R OAC H E S I T S 60 T H

anniversary, it’s no small irony that the very thing it was largely founded to prevent now threatens to tear it apart.

“There is nothing like [the EU] in the world, and there’s not been anything like it in history,” says Charles King, professor of international affairs and government. “It’s not an international entity, nor is it a nation state. It’s something in between those two things.”

In 1950, fresh from the atrocities of World War II, six European countries, determined to never let the scourge of war scar their nations again, entered into an agreement to put coal and steel— the very instruments of war—under a common management.

“The pooling of coal and steel production... will change the destinies of those regions which have long been devoted to the

manufacture of munitions of war, of which they have been the most constant victims,” declared French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman, who first proposed creation of the European Coal and Steel Community.

Seven years later, the six nations signed the Treaty of Rome, creating the European Economic Community. Over the years, that community would expand into the supranational entity now known as the European Union—the world’s mightiest industrial superpower with 28 countries, 508 million residents, and a GDP of $18.9 trillion. (As of 2015, U.S. GDP was $18.3 trillion.) Even almost 60 years later, the EU experiment remains unparalleled.

But today a new international atrocity—the Syrian conflict— and all its attendant issues threaten this fledgling entity like CONTINUED

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never before. “It’s a series of sequential overlapping crises that have Europe in its most dire position since the European integration project was launched,” says Jeffrey Anderson, director of the BMW Center for German and European Studies at SFS. Anderson and others say how Europe responds to these crises will affect not only the continent, but the world as a whole.

Interdependent Crises Those crises are manifesting in many different forms across Europe, but experts agree they come down to three major ones: immigration, Brexit, and an emboldened Russia.

While it’s tempting to view the current pressures separately, they are all interrelated, says associate professor Abraham Newman, director of the Mortara Center for International Studies.

“In many cases these things feed off each other,” he says. “They’re not independent of each other. In some cases, they have direct relationships with each other, and in others, they resonate with each other in the background.”

Still, Newman and others agree that immigration is the largest issue facing the EU. Fueled by the Syrian war and other unrest in the Middle East, more than a million migrants streamed into Europe in 2015, largely by sea, according to Eurostat.

This unprecedented population shift has sparked a number of is-

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sues as countries struggled with the sheer numbers and who should take the burden of resettlement. Varying by country, 63 percent to 94 percent of Europeans are unhappy with how the EU is handling the influx of refugees, according to a 2016 Pew Research study.

Fear of terrorism and a worry that immigrants can move too easily within the EU—thanks in part to the Schengen Agreement, which allows EU citizens passport-free movement between countries—has made Europeans question the wisdom of union and fueled the rise of right-wing nationalism. But King says it’s countries with the least immigration experience such as Hungary and Poland that are seeing some of the biggest increases in right-wing populism. Indeed, the Pew study shows that citizens of those two countries are most likely to believe refugees will increase domestic terrorism with Poles at 71 percent and Hungarians at 76 percent.

As a result, many countries have temporarily suspended Schengen travel. But Anderson says that, at least initially, it was carried out “willy-nilly” without much, if any, coordination from Brussels. That is beginning to change, though. Meanwhile, the EU itself has tried to better control immigration through agreements with Turkey that have reduced overland refugee traffic, Newman says.

Perceived or real, those refugee fears also fueled one of the biggest shocks to the European Union this year—Brexit. Former British Prime Minister David Cameron originally placed the

PHOTOGRAPH OF CAMERON AND JOHNSON BY JACK TAYLOR/GETTY; REFUGEES BY NEWZULU / ALAMY; RUSSIAN SERVICEMEN BY KIRILL KUKHMAR/GETTY; PUTIN BY SEAN GALLUP/GETTY

Top, left to right: Former British Prime Minister David Cameron with British Secretary of State Boris Johnson; refugees being forced out of “The Jungle” camp in Calais, France; botton, left to right: Russian servicemen in training, Russian President Vladimir Putin.

exit referendum on the ballot as a way to silence conservative critics. While the vote to leave will have long-lasting repercussions, experts believe exiting will hurt the United Kingdom more than the EU. “Brexit is terrible for the U.K.,” Newman says. “But Europe in general will be fine.”

Already, the EU is signaling a hard exit—meaning all ties to the While experts agree Europe U.K. will be cut and all trade benefits will be revoked—that’s be- may be facing its most serious challenges ever, they also ginning to hurt Britain. But even if the U.K. feels most of the pain, question whether the “crisis” untangling a nation from the EU will have lasting implications. is more existential than actual.

“You’re talking about pulling a country out of all of those areas that “When the United States fachave developed over half of a century,” King says. es similar challenges, very few Still, as that exit unspools, and the effects begin to take people question its existential shape, Newman and others say it’s unlikely other countries nature. That goes to the very root of the issue: People are will want to follow suit—if everything remains stable. uncomfortable with the EuroOnce again, these issues are interdependent. So whether other pean Union,” says Abraham countries will want to exit depends on how national politics play Newman, associate profesout. For example, immigration fears have fueled the rise of the sor in the School of Foreign hard-right National Front in France led by Marine Le Pen. If she Service. “The U.S. has not had makes a successful bid for president, an exit referendum will likely much luck with these issues be put before the French, Anderson says. However, he and others because they are all very comsay the chance is small of the EU breaking up because of coun- plicated. But then people don’t say that the U.S. is a bankrupt tries leaving. “I don’t think further exit is a real danger,” he says. foreign power. A lot of peoDanger is more omnipresent—albeit more difficult to pin ple’s anxiety about the meta down—with the third variable in the interplay of issues facing question of the EU is because Europe: Russia. The threat from Russia isn’t a full-out invasion, it’s just such a weird thing.”

Indeed, that weirdness but rather a continuing fomenting of the issue facing Europe, makes it seem more susAnderson says. For example, Russia’s Syrian policies exacerbated ceptible to global upheavals. the immigration crisis. Putin is also funding right-wing groups in “Europe has lurched from crisis other countries, such as Hungary, Ireland, Greece, Italy, Germany, Montenegro, and France’s National Front Party; and fueling disturbances on the EU’s northern border. “Russia’s trying to undermine a lot of what Europe stands for right now and that makes the situation all the more challenging,” Anderson says.

The EU’s Existential Crisis

The Integration Question But whether it’s Russia, Brexit, or immigration, all of these issues have one commonality: they strike at the weakest links in the European Union, King says. “The problem has been that these external shocks have hit precisely those areas where the European Union is least integrated,” he notes.

While the European Union has done a good job integrating itself economically, it hasn’t yet harmonized domestic laws.

And in the face of crisis, most countries have hunkered down with their own laws rather than look for commonality or inte-

“These external shocks have hit precisely those areas where the European Union is least integrated.”

to crisis. It’s just par for the course,” says Charles King, professor of international affairs and government. “This is the most important attempt in the modern world to create not just an international organization, but a state above the level of nation-states.”

As such, the European Union, relatively young by nation-state measures, can be seen as simply growing up, says Jeffrey Anderson, director of the BMW Center for German and European Studies at SFS. “It’s like leaving adolescence and entering maturity,” Anderson explains. “It’s not clear that a country could deal effectively with all these things happening at the same time.

The EU is just having growing pains. It’s now dealing with the ‘it sucks to be an adult’ phase of its existence.”—G.T.

gration. “It’s a great identity crisis for all countries,” King says.

In some ways, the fact that Europe hasn’t yet integrated domestic laws shouldn’t come as a surprise, he adds. After all, the nations involved are some of the world’s oldest. “This is about really challenging traditional notions of sovereignty of nation states and surrendering the purview of a national government to a transnational entity,” he says. “We’re probably at a point where the speed of integration and the depth of integration are both going to diminish.”

That’s why if Europe is going to find its way out of this latest series of crises—as it has done since its inception—the solutions will be more about politics than policy, King says. The question is: Will national politics allow the EU to move forward and find solutions? In today’s globalized world, he points out that’s not just a question for Europe, but a question for democracy itself.

Nearly 60 years later, the very specter it raises is the same one the European Union was formed to never allow again.

“There is a global uncertainty about the ability of democracies to solve human problems that to me is extremely dangerous, because that was the source that gave rise to what happened in the 1930s,” King says. “It wasn’t just fascism and the rise of right-wing parties. The initial problem was the loss of faith in democracy as a practical solver of domestic problems. Now we see exactly that same skepticism of democracy rearing its head.”

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Migration

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H E S TAT U E O F L I B E R T Y H A S LO N G B E E N A S Y M B O L

of freedom and prosperity and served as a welcome to migrants in the 20th century who were relocating primarily in pursuit of economic gain. However, migrants today are instead being forced to leave their homelands because of war, terrorism, and environmental disaster. And that, says SFS migration expert Katharine M. Donato, is a trend that will define much of worldwide migration in the near future and perhaps for generations to come.

“The 21st century story of human mobility will be largely driven by threat avoidance rather than by economic opportunity,” says Donato, who recently joined SFS as the Donald G. Herzberg Professor of International Migration, and the director of the Institute for the Study of International Migration. “Economic factors will definitely continue to matter in migration,” Donato says, “but more migration will now be driven by threats, whether those threats are a humanitarian crisis related to war or an environmental humanitarian crisis related to climate change.”

Migrants from North Africa being rescued off the coast of Italy.

THE PLIGHT OF REFUGEES

SFS migration expert Katharine M. Donato explains how movement today is caused by threats rather than by economic opportunity. by JOE GUINTO 24

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PHOTOGRAPH OF MIGRANTS ON BOAT BY ARRIS MESSINIS/GETTY; MIGRANTS IN SLEEPING BAGS BY MICHELE AMORUSO; PEOPLE AT GATE BY BULENT KILIC/GETTY; ARMY TRUCK BY MARKO DROBNJAKOVIC/AP PHOTO

Worldwide Movement Several events occurred around the world over only two weeks in October that illustrate Donato’s point.

At the start of the month, immigration centers in Tijuana, Mexico became overwhelmed by the sudden arrival of thousands of Haitian immigrants. Most of them had initially been dislocated by the 2010 earthquake that devastated their island nation. They settled in Brazil, but after the economy there faltered, they left

en masse believing the U.S. would grant them the special refugee is, and Afghans are seeking asylum in the European Union or have status it had extended after the quake. When that didn’t happen, moved to refugee camps in Pakistan and Iran. According to the the Haitian migrants ended up stranded in Mexico.

International Organization for Migration, 38 million people were By mid-month, as the crisis deepened in Tijuana, Turkish gov- internally displaced—forced to move within their own countries’ ernment officials in Ankara announced that they were preparing borders—by conflict and violence in 2014. Other affected nations to accept tens of thousands of migrants from Iraq who were al- included South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and ready steaming north, fleeing the early stages of intense fighting Nigeria. between Iraqi forces and the Islamic State in the city of Mosul.

Donato says climate change is forcing migration as well. The Just days after that, Italian authorities rescued 2,400 North New York Times recently reported that China’s desert had grown African migrants from makeshift boats that had been drifting for by 21,000 square miles since 1975, rendering once-thriving areas days off of their country’s coast. And only hours after that rescue, inhabitable and forcing residents to move closer to the cities. At French authorities began dismantling a makeshift migrant camp the same time, cities are expanding out into the desert. that had been growing for months in Calais. Known as The JunDonato has closely studied the environmental drivers of migle, the camp was home to as many as 8,300 people from North gration from villages in southwestern Bangladesh, where high Africa and the Middle East, nearly all of whom were trying to levels of out-migration occur partly in response to increasingly resettle in the United Kingdom, just across frequent cyclones and monsoons. In that part the English Channel. of the country, where levees are not mainThis is all part of the new pattern of modtained and flooding is frequent, she was told, ern migration that Donato has identified: “Everyone has one foot out the door at any People are fleeing environmental disaster, eco“The 21st century given moment.” nomic stagnation, war, and terrorism, only to story of human arrive in countries that may not be prepared mobility will be The Politics of Migration or may simply be unwilling to welcome them. largely driven by For policymakers, this shift in the primary “We may think of it as just being Syria,” threat avoidance motivations behind most of the world’s miDonato says. “But these are issues facing mirather than gration presents serious challenges. “I think grants from all over the world.” by economic all nations who are receiving immigrants Already, millions of displaced Syrians, Iraqopportunity.” need to think about risk-related migration and how to accommodate the demand that we’re going to be looking at in the years to come,” Donato says. “That’s especially true in the U.S. We have to develop a policy regime that’s responsive to people who move suddenly because of risk versus a regime that’s designed for people who can plan their move.”

Donato notes that one key law governing much of U.S. immigration, the Immigration and Nationality Act, was adopted in 1965 and has had only a handful of modifications since. Another key law, the Refugee Act of 1980, allows for refugees to be treated differently than other migrants, because the president has the ability to set the number of refugees the country will accept in any given year without Congressional approval. “But our policies, whether for refugees or migrants, are not very dynamic. The numbers are set and they’re hard to change in response to world events.”

Considering that those events include hard-to-predict conflicts, terrorist attacks, or environmental disasters, world leaders are likely to continue to struggle with this new kind of migration.

But Donato is confident that researchers can help by providing a better understanding of how and why people have fled such events in the recent past.

“Research will help us get out in front of these issues rather than responding on the back end,” she says. “As complicated as the issue of human mobility and migration is, and even as it has become more complicated now that there are more risk-related factors driving it, we can find ways to do things that make life better for many people who have to leave their homes because of threats.”

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SFS

Meet Our Faculty

a partnership between the McDonough School of Business and SFS. The 12-month program brings graduate students to campus for four, week-long residencies to study international relations in tandem with contemporary issues in global business. Students also spend two weeks abroad and complete two online courses. The inaugural class will commence in January 2017.

“The novelty of the program is that it provides a political economy approach to studying international business,” Busch Professor Marc Busch aims to break students explains. “It combines the core strengths out of the classroom bubble and into the real world of an MBA with the political and instiof international trade. by SHARON O’MALLEY tutional factors that increasingly shape competition in today’s global economy.”

Busch has received high recognition for his teaching everywhere he’s "Lab-style teaching is the future," says and litigators. worked, including Harvard and GeorgeMarc Busch, the Karl F. Landegger ProfesWorking with TradeLab, Busch says, is “a town. Forbes named his course, “Business, sor of International Business Diplomacy pedagogical tool to get these kids immersed Government, and the Global Economy” as at SFS and professor of business admin- in what’s going on in the global economy.” one of the Top 10 Most Innovative MBA istration at the McDonough School of The current TradeLab project is the first courses in the United States in 2010.

Business. Busch has always advocated a to involve undergraduates, whose student Busch earned his doctorate in political hands-on approach to give students a re- contributors typically are in law school. science from Columbia University. But alistic look at what they’re studying.

The SFS course, which he has taught for a Georgetown is now family to Busch: his Labs, he says, create a classroom en- decade, currently includes a total of five undaughter, Lelia, is a sophomore at SFS, and vironment “almost like we’re discovering dergraduates and one Ph.D. student. “We’re his son, Zach, graduated from SFS in May. the world in real time.” And the format al- really pushing the envelope, throwing them Off-campus, Busch mentors military lows him to “constantly renew” the course into the deep end,” Busch says. veterans as they transition from the batand his approach to teaching it.

Busch is also co-academic director of tlefield to civilian jobs. He works with a “We’re all discovering new ways of the university's new master of arts in informer SFS student, Diana Tsai, who began teaching now,” he says. “I'm always trying ternational business and policy program, a program called Veterati (www.vetarati. to find ways to make the learning expericom) to help veterans navigate their way to ence more real.” corporate jobs. The service aspires to help This year, undergraduate SFS students as many of the 1.2 million veterans who are studying with Busch will advise the U.S. transitioning into civilian life as they can, Trade Representative (USTR) on the legal says Busch, who has taught dozens of vetarguments informing a dispute with the “I’m always trying erans in his Georgetown classes.

European Union. to find ways to Busch, who is not a veteran, says he “It’s our first time doing a ground-up, make the learning is “amazed by people who serve. I’m real-world project” in the class, Busch experience stunned that we don’t do more for them says. Students in the past have conducted more real. ” when they get home.” research and devised strategies for ongoing international trade cases—but their contribution was limited to the classroom.

The students are working in conjunction with TradeLab (www.tradelab.org), an international organization that pairs academics and lawyers with companies and governments in need of legal advice.

The undergraduates will be presenting their legal analysis to USTR negotiators

ALL IN THE FAMILY Busch with daughter Lelia, an SFS sophomore, and son Zach (SFS '16)

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PHOTO OF BUSCH BY SHARON O'MALLEY

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

“stick with [teaching] fiction for the rest of the ride” after turns offering classes on the Bible, anti-Semitism, and secularism.

As director of the yearold Center for Jewish Civilization on campus, he oversees a certificate program and a minor focusing on American-Middle Eastern foreign policy; the Holocaust and genocide; Jewish-Catholic relations; and Jewish literature, culture, and religious expression.

The Center focuses on Judaism as a religion and a civilization, and opens dialogue about the role of religion in international affairs. It had started in 2003 as the Program for Jewish Civilization; in 2016, the Center was launched.

The Center operates The professor of Jewish Civilization devotes from a $21 million ena new book to the importance of the classroom. dowed fund and is part of

by SHARON O’MALLEY the School of Foreign Service—the only one in the country with an internal Every eight years or so, Dr. Jacques Ber- Eastern Languages and Literatures from center that focuses on Jewish studies, he linerblau likes to shake his career up a bit. The New School for Social Research and says. Its classes have drawn hundreds of His seventh book, “Teach or Perish,” to New York University, divides his time be- students, the professor says. be published in June, could do it again. tween the classroom and writing. Among And those students flock to BerlinerThe new book is an effort to “start a his books are “How to Be Secular: A Call blau’s fiction courses, in which they learn discussion in which professors them- to Arms for Religious Freedom” (2012) “how stories are told about war, conflict, selves ask what our fundamental mission and “Thumpin’ It: The Use and Abuse genocide, terrorism, the play of power, is as scholars,” the professor of Jewish of the Bible in Today’s Presidential Poli- discrimination—in short, the things that Civilization says. tics” (2008). He has also penned dozens SFS students study,” says Berlinerblau, The tome’s message: Teaching re- of scholarly and popular articles. who assigns authors such as John Updike, sponsibilities like lecturing, holding Berlinerblau has taught at George- Philip Roth, and even Shakespeare. office hours, grading papers, and men- town since 2005 and says he expects to Berlinerblau’s eight-year itch, howtoring undergraduates are “heroic acts” ever, has compelled him to make “really requiring “a deep commitment to pedradical suggestions for reformation” of agogy.” And he calls good teaching “a higher education that he says could help proper mix of creativity and fun and professors restore “the balance” between specialized knowledge,” a blend that research and students. He bemoans what students who take his Fiction of Politics he calls “the death of tenure,” noting that Good teaching and International Relations class at the three-quarters of professors in the hu[is] “a proper mix Walsh School of Foreign Service say he manities will never be employed in tenof creativity and has mastered. ure-track jobs. fun and specialized Working on a book about teaching, The multidisciplinary Center for Jewknowledge.”

Berlinerblau says, “got me fascinated ish Civilization, he says, stresses pedagogy. because that’s what we do here.”

“Undergraduate teaching is what we are Still, Berlinerblau, who holds doctorabout,” he says, “no matter what our area of ates both in sociology and Ancient Near specialization. Our students are well taught.”

A FOCUS ON TEACHING

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Faculty Updates Anderson received the highest civilian honor 01 Jeffrey from the Federal Republic of Germany for his years of

service promoting transatlantic relations. Throughout his career, Anderson has worked to enhance Germany’s standing abroad through his study of the European Union and postwar German politics and foreign policy. “It’s a great personal honor, but it would not have been possible without an amazing team effort,” Anderson says of the award.

Matthew Carnes, S.J. was named the new director 02 ofFr.the Center for Latin American Studies (CLAS) in July

01

2016. Carnes hopes to help the Center take advantage of its resources and history to remain a leader in its field. “In the coming year, I’m looking forward to leading a serious rethinking of the Center’s efforts, drawing collaboratively on all CLAS constituents—from faculty to students to staff and friends and supporters of the university—in order to ensure that CLAS remains at the forefront of Latin American Studies,” Carnes says.

Dennis Deletant was awarded the National Order of the 03 Star of Romania, Romania’s highest civilian decoration,

by Romanian President Klaus Iohannis. The award recognizes Deletant’s contribution to Romanian studies and his efforts to promote Romanian history, language, and culture.

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Katharine M. Donato joined SFS as the new director of the 04 Institute for the Study of International Migration (ISIM) in

August 2016. Taking the helm of ISIM, now in its 18th year, Donato looks to strengthen ISIM’s core programs and seek out new opportunities for collaboration across campus. For her, this includes innovative research projects for which she wants to partner with faculty in disciplines from computer science to international security studies. “I would like to strengthen all of what exists at ISIM,” Donato says. “Given what’s happening in the world, it’s a topic of great relevance.”

King received a grant from the National Endow05 Charles ment for Humanities for a book project that analyzes the

work of a group of early 20th-century social scientists and their fight against racism and other forms of prejudice. The project, “The Humanity Lab: A Story of Race, Culture, and the Promise of an American Idea,” is expected to be published in 2019, and will focus on the work of pioneering anthropologist Franz Boas, one of the first to argue against the idea of race as a biological reality, and his peers. The work will be King’s seventh book.

Erick Langer was honored by the Bolivian Academy of 06 History for his contributions to the Bolivian Congress

04

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and the field as an eminent historian. He was awarded honorary membership in the academy, associated with the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Langer traveled to Bolivia to accept the recognition and spoke on the role of history as a tool for equitable development in Bolivia and throughout Latin America.

PHOTOGRAPHS OF ORIANO SKYLAR MASTRO AND DENNIS DELETANT BY PHIL HUMNICKY.

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Mastro became a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow 07 atOriana the Council on Foreign Relations this year. She was

also awarded the Asia Foundation Faculty Research Grant on the Domestic Dimensions of IR, and published “The Vulnerability of Rising Powers: The Logic Behind China’s Low Military Transparency” in the journal Asian Security.

Newman was named the new director of the 08 Abraham Mortara Center for International Studies in August 2016.

Newman plans to focus on two parts of Mortara’s mission: supporting the research efforts of SFS faculty and students and helping that research be disseminated beyond the Hilltop. “Mortara will continue to serve as a vital convener for the SFS community and, at the same time, work to catalyze cutting-edge research that brings together teams of scholars and students working on these global challenges,” he says.

Irfan Nooruddin, newly-elected SFS faculty chair, is 09 the Hamad bin Khalifa Professor of Indian Politics at

SFS and is a member of the school’s Asian studies program.

He directs the Georgetown India Initiative and advises the student-run Georgetown-India Dialogue. He is the author of “Coalition Politics and Economic Development: Credibility and the Strength of Weak Governments” (Cambridge, 2011).

Nooruddin specializes in the study of comparative economic development and policymaking, democratization and democratic institutions, and international institutions.

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von der Goltz was awarded a Kluge Fellowship from 10 Anna the Kluge Center at the Library of Congress for her book

project, “The Other Side of ‘1968’: Activism of the Center-Right in West Germany’s Age of Campus Protest,” which looks at student involvement of the Center-Right and unrest during the cultural and political upheaval of the 1960s.

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BOOKS Victor Cha

published “Powerplay: The Origins of the American Alliance System in Asia,” explaining the formation of the alliances between the U.S. and Asia in the context of the Truman and Eisenhower administrations and tracing the significance of these relationships to the present day.

Robert Lieber

authored “Retreat and Its Consequences American Foreign Policy and the Problem of World Order,” evaluating the Obama administration’s foreign policy in the context of global commitment and credibility. He argues that the U.S. has harmed its ability to defend the international order and norms it has historically worked to protect.

Irfan Nooruddin

published “Elections in Hard Times: Building Stronger Democracies in the 21st Century,” examining countries that struggle after “free and fair” elections. He and his co-author, Thomas Flores, explain the rapid expansion of democracy that occurred in the late 1980s-1990s and the challenges facing these new inexperienced democracies.

Joseph Sassoon

authored “Anatomy of Authoritarianism in the Arab Republics,” a comparative analysis of eight authoritarian regimes in the Arab world.

Sassoon draws upon historical narratives to illustrate differences and commonalities among these coercive governments.

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Events An impressive array of political and thought leaders visited SFS in 2016.

ACROSS THE SEA U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry with actor and environmentalist Adrian Grenier.

Jeffrey Goldberg Awarded 2016 Edward Weintal Prize for Diplomatic Reporting OCTOBER 20, 2016

Jeffrey Goldberg, editor-in-chief of The Atlantic, was the recipient of the 2016 Edward Weintal Prize for Diplomatic Reporting, presented by the Georgetown Institute for the Study of Diplomacy (ISD).

“The depth of Jeffrey Goldberg’s reporting represents the very core of what we celebrate as the continuing legacy of Teddy Weintal and the Weintal Prize for Diplomatic Reporting,” said Ambassador Barabara Bodine, ISD director.

The Weintal Prize is open to journalists in both print and broadcast media. Previous recipients since the first Weintal Prize was awarded in 1975 include Tom Brokaw, Christiane Amanpour, Stobe Talbott, Don Oberdorfer, Marvin and Bernard Kalb, and David Ignatius.

Brazilian Artist and Sculptor Denise Milan Discusses Fusion of the Arts and Sciences OCTOBER 19, 2016 Art can be used to help the public see the world in a different way, said Brazilian artist and sculptor Denise Milan at a Georgetown exhibit of her work. Milan discussed the importance of fusing art and science by dissecting the meaning behind each of her pieces. The pieces were grouped into “I. Paradise,”“II. Paradise Lost,”“III. Paradise Regained,”“IV. Cosmogenesis,” and were followed by a panel discussion.

The panel included Georgetown’s Thomas E. Caestecker Professor of Music Anna Celenza, who presided over the panel as moderator, MIT Institute professor emeritus and 1990 Nobel Laureate in physics Jerome Friedman, Georgetown associate professor of Portuguese emerita Naomi Moniz, and chairman and CEO of Conservation International Peter Seligmann. The event was part of the SFS Centennial Event Series on the environment.

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John Kerry Visits Georgetown for Summit on Ocean Sustainability SEPTEMBER 16, 2016

U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry addressed the Georgetown community in a discussion on ocean sustainability and climate change as the culmination of a two-day conference entitled “Our Ocean: One Future Leadership Summit.” The conference included 15 panels dealing with a variety of issues pertaining to the health of the oceans. A group of 150 students, including 39 Georgetown students, were competitively selected to attend these panels.

The Summit was part of the SFS Centennial Event Series on the environment. As the School of Foreign Service approaches the 100th anniversary of its founding in 2019, it is curating a yearlong event series that convenes thinking and reflection on vital issues across the school, the university, and the community.

Actor and environmentalist Adrian Grenier also participated in the discussion with Secretary Kerry, moderated

by SFS Dean Joel Hellman.

“The problem is that we’re in a race against time,” Kerry said. “That’s what science tells us—not politics, not hyperbole, not surmise—but facts.

And you all remember the old saying; everybody is entitled to their own opinion, but they’re not entitled to their own facts.”

Grenier drew from his experience as an actor. “In the reality of television, there are no consequences; but in the real world, there are. So I think we need to start thinking long-term, not in quarters and years, but recognize how our behavior will affect our children in the future.”

A group of international policy leaders held a panel preceding Kerry’s remarks, which included Segolene Royal, president of the COP 21 and minister for environment, energy and marine affairs of France; Susana Malcorra, minister of foreign affairs and worship of Argentina; Isabella Lövin, deputy prime minister and minister for international development cooperation and climate of Sweden; and Isabel Saint Malo, the vice president and minister of foreign affairs of Panama.

Secretary Jeh Johnson Addresses SFS Students at 2016 Commencement MAY 21,2016

The 2016 Walsh School of Foreign Service Commencement Ceremony featured Jeh Johnson, secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, who took the opportunity to discuss the tensions between personal convictions and compromises that are inherent in public service during his remarks.

“Doing the right thing can be complicated,” said Johnson. “In government decision-making and policy-making, doing the right thing is rarely simple, pure or perfect. It’s rarely one-dimensional, or even two-dimensional.

It’s often multi-dimensional. And one of those dimensions can be your personal convictions.”

The decision to host Secretary Johnson as a graduation speaker wasn’t without controversy, a petition signed by some alumni, students and their families, requested that Georgetown rescind Johnson’s invitation to protest immigration policies and actions of the Department of Homeland Security.

In response to student concerns, the SFS dean’s office organized a visit by Secretary Johnson to the campus prior to his speech to allow for conversation between Johnson and members of UndocuHoyas about their concerns, as well as with SFS student leaders.

“I was pleased that we found a way forward that ensured a hearing for the concerns of the undocumented students and an honest discussion of the challenges of public service,” Dean Hellman said.

Queen Rania Al Abdullah and David Miliband Present Screening of Salam Neighbor Documentary APRIL 15, 2016

Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan was joined

by David Miliband, president and CEO of the International Rescue Committee (IRC), and Melanne Verveer, executive director of the Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security and former U.S. ambassador for Global Women’s Issues, to present a screening of the film “Salam Neighbor,” a documentary offering an up-close look at individuals in a Syrian refugee camp.

Her Majesty Queen Rania, a passionate advocate for youth education in Jordan and cross-cultural acceptance worldwide, delivered remarks discussing Jordan’s role in the Syrian refugee crisis, praising her nation for opening their homes and their hearts to refugees.

“What you’ll see is that beyond headlines, behind the labels, are people that every one of you can relate to,” Queen Rania said. “Parents and children. Teachers and students. Neighbors and families and friends. Human beings, with human ambitions, human emotions, and human needs. People to befriend, not to be feared.”

“This film is important because it elevates the voices and stories of refugees and showcases their remarkable resilience as they work to rebuild their lives in the face of uncertainty,” Miliband said.

Dr. Ernest Moniz Granted Jit Trainor Award for Distinction in Conduct of Diplomacy APRIL 13, 2016

The Institute for the Study of Diplomacy and the Trustees of the Trainor Endowment granted Dr. Ernest Moniz, U.S. secretary of energy, with the Jit

Susan Rice Speaks at “Exit Interview” Series on Obama Administration SEPTEMBER 14,2016 U.S. National Security Advisor Susan Rice spoke at Georgetown about foreign policy achievements during the Obama administration.

This event launched the six-part “Exit Interview” series, sponsored by the McCourt School of Public Policy’s Institute of Politics and Public Service, which explored policy successes and challenges by members of the current administration and advice to the next president. The conversation with Rice was moderated by SFS Dean Joel Hellman.

Rice covered a variety of topics, including counterterrorism, nuclear proliferation, and climate change.

“There’s no question that the challenge of ISIL (the Islamic State) and the counterterrorism challenges are going to endure,” she said. “Our aim is to shrink the problem, but it’s not going to be gone.”

She also stressed a stronger focus on cybersecurity, and more cooperation among nations.

Other “Exit Interview” guests include Attorney General Loretta Lynch, Interior Secretary Sally Jewell, Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew (L’83), Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Mathews Burwell, and White House strategist David Simas.

Trainor Award for Distinction in the Conduct of Diplomacy. Dr. Moniz is the first scientist ever to receive this award for outstanding distinction in diplomacy.

After accepting the Jit Trainor Award, Dr. Moniz delivered a lecture focusing on security through energy diplomacy. It is, he said, the role of the Department of Energy to address national security concerns, especially in regards to nuclear security, nonproliferation, and terrorist threats, while maintaining the push for a clean energy agenda—no small task in contemporary diplomacy.

For example, it was over the science that most of the details of the Iran Deal were deliberated, including a technical verification system and a reduction in plutonium and uranium reserves.

Ertharin Cousin, Executive Director of UN World Food Programme Discusses Global Security APRIL 13, 2016

In a lecture sponsored by Georgetown’s Global Futures Initiative, Ertharin Cousin, the executive director of United Nations World Food Programme discussed the link between hunger and global instability. “There is a growing body of evidence linking food insecurity with conflict,” she said.

Cousin explained the cycles of hunger and conflict, and highlighted the ways in which the UN World Food Programme seeks to alleviate hunger with short-term aid while working towards long-term solutions.

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Alumnus Spotlight

SPOTLIGHTING THE UNITED STATES Hammad Hammad (SFS ’08) draws on his own upbringing and Georgetown education to highlight the United States to the world. by JENNIFER MESCHEWSKI

A

t age 15, Hammad Hammad (SFS ’08) in Mexico, Hammad was stationed in Tunisia, where moved from a village near Ramallah, West he served as an economic commercial officer for Bank, to the United States. It wasn’t his Libya, helping American companies gain access and first time in the U.S.—he was born a U.S. be paid on contracts. Hammad says that traveling citizen. This time, however, the move back to the U.S. the world is one of the best parts of his work. showed him the differences in cultures, perspectives, Hammad’s experiences at Georgetown helped and languages in comparison to Palestine. lead him to his career in the foreign service. He atNow, as a U.S. State Department foreign service tributes his career path to the numerous opportuofficer, Hammad is highlighting the diversity of the nities that SFS provided him, through internships, United States to the world. “I love being able to repre- extracurricular activities, debates, art, and culture. sent the United States overseas and to show that the “At Georgetown, I learned there was no limit to United States has diverse what I could accomplish diplomats with different if I worked hard,” he says. life experiences,” he says.

At Georgetown, Ham“The beauty and strength mad founded an Arabic of America lies in its di- cultural show, co -pro “The beauty versity. Being American is duced a documentary in and strength not being bound by a single Professor Betsi Stephen’s of America background or experience.” course, wrote a column lies in its Hammad is now as- for The Hoya, and studied diversity. Being signed to Mexico City abroad for a semester in American is not where he serves as a politi- Cairo, Egypt. “My time at being bound cal officer covering human Georgetown was a springby a single rights issues. “My goal is board for attempting to background or to represent the United change the world at large,” experience.”

States overseas and to con- he says. “I was fascinated tribute to policy formation with international politics in Washington,” he says. and the Middle East prior to attending Georgetown, He uses his interactions but the SFS introduced me to so many opportunities in the countries where in the world of international affairs.” he works to ensure that Hammad was also president and co-founder of foreigners have a positive Inspire Dreams, an NGO that provided college preimage of the United States. paratory and summer camp programming in several Hammad’s work in Mexico refugee camps in the West Bank from 2008 to 2014.

City involves meeting with While the organization no longer operates, the prodifferent stakeholders and gram and mentorship made a difference in lives of writing reports that go many students, many of whom just graduated college. back to the United States.

“I don’t know if I am making a change [in the world], Prior to his assignment but I hope my work makes a difference,” he says.

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