The Art of Structural Design

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The Art of Structural Design

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- In memory of our dear colleague Prof. Štefan Šlachta -

THE ART OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN

SABAH SHAWKAT & CO-AUTHORS

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Department of Architecture

Reviewer: Cover Design: Software Support: Printing/ Binding:

Assoc. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Arch. Zuzana Pešková, PhD. Richard Schlesinger, Veronika Miškovičová asc. Applied Software Consultants, s.r.o., Bratislava, Slovakia Tribun EU, s.r.o., Brno, Czech Republic

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted, or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, including photocopying, without permission in writing from the authors.

THE ART OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN ©

Assoc. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Sabah Shawkat, MSc, PhD. M. F. A. Dipl. Ing. Richard Schlesinger, PhD. M. F. A. Tomáš Augustín

1. Edition, Tribun EU, s.r.o.

Brno 2017 ISBN xxx-xx-xxx-xxxx-x

Sabah Shawkat Zahawi is the Head of Engineering Room at the Academy of Fine Arts and Design in Bratislava, Slovakia. Together with his two colleagues, Richard Schlesinger and Tomáš Augustín, they teach students of architecture several structural engineering subjects.

Moreover, they regularly organize workshops for students and exhibitions of their projects and construction models. They also actively practise in projecting and building constructions as well as reconstructions and modernizations of buildings.

Sabah Shawkat is also a passionate expert in reinforced and prestressed concrete structures and structural design.

He has published numerous articles in professional journals and wrote several books.

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

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VIEWS ON TEACHING As I am specialized in teaching the subject Construction in Architecture I would like to share my views and opinions considering this topic.

In my experience it is important for students first to get basic knowledge about characteristics and optimum use of materials. They should get familiar with new technologies, modern manufacturing equipment and working procedures of construction members such as concrete, reinforcing steel, fibre reinforced concrete, etc. Later, preliminary design consideration, schematic design at the initial stage, the conception of the structures and systems such as frame and skeletal systems, facades, floors and roofs, cell systems, mixed constructions, should follow.

Further it is necessary to teach them the distribution of the gravity and lateral load on the bearing members in order to find out which parts of the building were the load bearing and which were not. Another important point for students to know is the degree of the fixation of the structure to the ground to resist the horizontal and vertical load and how to ensure the stability of the buildings during their live time.

I propose design with feeling and with regard to the construction. That is why I consider important to teach the principles of approximation of dimensioning, the proportion of size of the main members, and how the dimensions of the members can be evaluated by the means of diagrams or schemes. Studio projects help students to become familiar with constructions and teach them how to calculate the states of failure of construction such as serviceability limit state and ultimate limit state.

Besides the studio projects, seminars and open debates supported by graphical software (e.g. Autocad, Rhinoceros) are recommended. They enable discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of different construction systems, the accurate way of using the scales for modelling, corporation of structural problems into the architectural design, etc. Students should also learn address the questions considering economical points (such as the amount of the hard site work, possibilities of automation, advantages and characteristics of different materials).

Sabah Shawkat 2017

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Architectural Engineering as Fine Art From Idea to Result Teamwork and Partnership Dialogue Detail as Jewelry Contact with Reality and Practice Presentation Open to New Things

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Thesis of Engineering Room

Presentation of New Projects

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Searching for New Design Concepts

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Structural Projects

Art of Structural Design Petrisberg Garden Houses Eco House Science Campus Enviromental Institute Structural Engineering AFAD COM House

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Tensile - Integrity Structures Modern Components for Interior Tensegrity Lighting Tensegrity Chair

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Chapter 4 4.1 Analysing Stairs 4.2 Repairs and Reconstructions 4.3 House 6x6 4.4 Experimental Architecture Chapter 5 5.1 Education

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Chapter 1

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Contents

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1.1 Structural Projects Head of Project: Sabah Shawkat Assistants: Richard Schlesinger, Tomáš Augustín Cooperation:

Veronika Miškovičová, Ján Malík, Patrícia Šimkovičová, Ernest Bevelaqua, Gabriela Ledňáková, Nora Žaludeková, Maroš Greš

Syllabus of the technical subjects for the study programme Architecture was created by the Engineering Room and it was authorized by the Pedagogic Council of the Academy of Fine Arts and Design.

In the first part of the study (Bachelor Degree study lasting 4 years) students get familiar with basic construction principles in architecture. First two years are aimed at terminology and graphics of civil engineering. Students mainly deal with 3-dimensional design of elements, layouts, sections, views in different scales, etc. Step by step they get knowledge about particular construction members of structures as bearing walls, secondary walls, roofs and floors, stairs, and foundations so that after finishing the first two years they know how to design the conception of a construction system.

Third year of study is devoted to roof constructions with small and large span typical for hall structures. Study continues with skeletal structures. Theoretical information from lectures students apply in studio projects as designing of administrative buildings or industrial buildings. In the last year students learn about construction details of structures.

The final – fourth year of study is completed by a complex state examination in Constructions. The exam is based on theoretical knowledge. The Final Project is a design of an architectural building project. Successful defence of the Final Project is the basic requirement for getting the diploma. A graduate of this study programme is educated for working as a member of a project-team or a self-standing project designer of small buildings.

Subjects supporting the technical point of Structural Project are Building Construction, Building Material, Building Physics, Statics I-II, Reinforced Concrete Structures, Steel and Timber Structures, Technical Equipment of Buildings.

Education is realized in the form of lectures and compulsory practical classes (or studio projects). Within practical classes students work on given tasks on their own and the subjects are completed by examinations. Besides the obligatory technical subjects additional subjects can be taken as e.g.

Fire safety of Buildings, Applied Physics for Architects, Models of Structural Systems in Statics.

All technical subjects are in accordance with architectural education. At the same time students work on studio projects practically applying the knowledge gained in Building Constructions. Supervised by teachers they design construction systems of buildings and address the belonging details.

Teachers are mostly members of the Academy of Fine Arts and Design staff, however often guests from other Faculties are invited as well as various outstanding professionals from practice who externally participate on education. Technical subjects dealing with building constructions are usually taught by teachers who are also active in practice and who are licensed to perform as licensed architects, statics, and structural engineers. Our experience shows that teachers active in practice can better address different issues of the projects.

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Constructions are an inseparable part of architecture.

Architecture without constructions is like a body without bones. Architectural and technical subjects educated at the Academy of Fine Arts and Design integrate with each other and represent a good background for architectural compositions as well as constructions.

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The first inspiration of project was the infinite loop of Möbius curve, which we transfered into one surface and then info 3D space.

The Möbius band is an example of one-sided surface in the form of a single closed continuous curve with a twist. A simple Möbius band should be created by joining the ends of a long, narrow strip of paper after giving it a half, 180°twist.

The Möbius band has several interesting properties that can be interpreted into architecture. The infiniteness and paradox of the object can be defined simply - the strip has several curious properties:

A line drawn starting from the seam down the middle meets back at the seam but at the other side.

If continued the line meets the starting point, and is double the length of the original strip. This single continuous curve demonstrates that the Möbius strip has only one boundary.After analyzing the geometry of Möbius strip we started to explore more complex forms, such as multiplication of infinite curves in one geometry.

Finally, we explored final form - a isosceles cross. We used the centre of the cross as point of rotation and used the rotation and bending surfaces at a specific, constant angle to make a infinite loop of the amount of 44 same crosses.

The next step was to define the space inside the object. Main interest was transforttion of horizontal lines info vertical and in reverse. A man inside of the object walks in the infinite space, in which he sees the wall and a few metres further the wall transforms into the floor.A multiple loop of multiple curves, which made final geometry, which we transfered into the architectural object - the 30m high gallery, located at the riverbank of the river Danube in Bratislava.

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Mobius rotations of other geometric shapes

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SECTION AA

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SECTION BB

Eco House

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FOUNDATIONS

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PLAN 1. FLOOR- AIR RECUPERATION, HEAT PUMP, SOLAR COLLECTOR

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FLAT ROOF PLAN

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Science Campus

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Science Campus

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ROOF PLAN

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3.FLOOR PLAN

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Festival as Model and Projects 2.1 Light Tensile Structure New Form Finding Head of Project: Sabah Shawkat Assistants: Richard Schlesinger, Tomáš Augustín Cooperation:

Gabriela Meszáros, Katarína Karasková, Zuzana Jurčišinová

Light tensile structures belong to membrane structures in so-called “free form shapes�. We can consider them as an expression of modern fine art structural design and architecture and they have large potential to develop in the future. Tensile structures have negligible thickness compared to the other dimensions, it means that their static efficiency is based on their shape.

The creation and formation of new space which could not otherwise be accomplished by using conventional methods is common for all such edifices.

Because of the many advantages of this modem style, several permanent membrane structures have been officially approved and constructed around the world. The uses of these structures vary widely from sports facilities to exposition buildings. Such structures are becoming more and more recognized as an independent field of fine art of structure engineering and architecture design.

There is an important and interesting interrelationship amongst the different types of lightweight structure: between manufacture and erection processes on the one hand, and geometry and load-bearing behavior on the other.

Finding the minimal surface is defined by three criteria: - Minimum surface is between any boundary, - Equal and opposite curvature at any point, - Uniform stress throughout the surface

A minimal surface may be anticlastic or flat. Anticlastic tensile structures are flexible membranes with double curvature and prestress are essential for stability.

A surface of flat or triangular boundaries is always flat. Flat membranes are unstable structures under load. Increased curvature increases stability.

The design of membrane structures look like as vacation land, where the membrane structure has three low points and three high points supported by steel beam, the high front from the three view side was covered with a textile membrane. The structure consists of two anticlastic saddles formed by flexible beams, designed to resist load in tension, but with some bending stiffness. Three steel flexible beams support the membranes and are stabilized by it. The steel arches are hinged at the base to allow erection on the ground.

The translucent fabric provides diffused natural lighting.

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Light Tensile Structures New Form Finding

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Dicussions

Market

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Chill-out

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Groundplan

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Front view

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Axonometry

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Foundations

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Parking Lot Layers

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2.2 Timber Pods for Festival Head of Project: Sabah Shawkat Cooperation:

Ján Malík, Alžbeta Krbylová, Gabriela Smetanová, Ernest Bevilaqua, Gabriela Ledňáková Maroš Greš, Nora Žaludeková, Juraj Horňák, Michal Jančo, Patrik Olejňák, Silvia Gálová, Lea Debnárová, Peter Galdík

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Timber Pod “8x6x4x2x1” is supposed toserve as an temporary shelter for specific occasions,for instance represented by various art festivalsas well as individual usage in privacy of your own garden.It´s design stem from essential needs you´ve got during such events. Basically, the only thing you need is a place where you can let your stuff, sleep at night and evetually spend some time during day, having a small meal,...Besides protection in different weather conditions, the structure is meant to be opened, variable, flexible as much as possible.

From the scratch it possesed an idea to be composed of elements with which you can easiliy manipulate, to built and unbuilt the pod without any enormous external power.

Also when using already built pod, there are few elements (sliding doors, bed, tables), with which you can still move and create various arrangements in the interior or exterior.

Since the structure is designed in favor of prefabrication,it is composed of limited types of panels. So there is a way you can compose small “village” with several pods linked together, creating communal exterior semipublic space, by connecting them with these mobile elements.

The structure of the pod consists of eight main (bearing) wooden panels (thickness - 50mm), which create floor, ceiling and both side walls in pairs. These pairs betwwen them and alsoall together are bonded mechanically (exserted parts of panels stucked into openings), and also with diagonal steel bars (ceiling, side walls). The rest of elements is mobile (sliding doors, bed, tables) of 20mm thickness, fitting in different variatons into remaining openings. All these opening are filled with thin rubber film. The pod is standing on wooden beams and screw anchors.

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IMOGEN “e” “f” Wooden pods: type “empty” and type two “full” means little wooden houses for shortterm living on festival.

Construction from wood is really fast and easy to build it. Type empty is created for everybody who need shadow on festival. “e” had just textile walls and same construction as “f”. “f” is created in three varies (for 4 people, for 4 people upside down and comfortable 2 people). Beds are hidden in walls, their easy service need just open the cover of bed and sleep or just sitting there and enjoying time with another friends.

In 4 people case you need to climb for little stairs on the highest bed. The stairs serve for place of your staff. The “f” have two parts: entrance and sleeping part.

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WOODEN GERBER CABIN

Do you have enough sleeping in a tent during the festival or other temporaily event ? Long rows for shower or terrieble smell in ToiToi toilets?

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WG Cabin is the perfect solution for you either you are a loaner couple or a bunch of people WGCabin adapt to each of these situations.It contains basic equipment such as toilet shower sink and bed to provide comfort during particular event. Easy to build up and also pack away when its not needed.Cabin consists of main core which is designed by Gerber system using only 4 kinds of portable beamswhose creates 3 different joints. This system creates variety ways of uses, spaces and dimensions.

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GATEFOLD POD

Object serves as a temporary accommodation for the festival. Its conception and construction is adjusted to its temporary, short-term, repeated use.

Construction is designed so its posibble to build it quickly and easily direclty on the groud without the need of heavy equipment. Cabin is simply put on the wooden foundation built above the ground. It consists of prefabricated wall parts that are brought ready to be used. All these parts include upstands for further furniture installations. A simple square grid allows us to create various combinations and sizes of the unit

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Tensile Integrity Structures as Modern Components for Interior Design 3.1 Tensegrity Lighting Head of Project: Sabah Shawkat Cooperation:

Veronika Miškovičová, Martin Mikovčák, Ján Malík, Matúš Novanský, Maroš Greš, Patrícia Šimončičová, Ernest Bevilaqua

The members of a tensegrity structure are either always in tension or always in compression. The tensile members are usually cables or rods, while the compression members are strut sections. Key contributions to the early development of tensegrity structures appear to have come from several people. Some historians claim Latvian artist Karl Ioganson exhibited a tensegrity prism in Moscow already in the year 1920. Ioganson’s work was destroyed in the mid-1920’s by the Soviet regime, but photographs of the exhibition survived.

The word “tensegrity” (a contraction of “tensile-integrity”) was coined by the American entrepreneur Buckminster Fuller.

All tensegrities are prestressed under tension; they are self–supporting and independent of gravity. But the weight of the structure also adds to the prestress. All components are dynamically linked such that forces are translated instantly everywhere; a change in one part is reflected throughout the whole structure.

The stability of prismatic tensegrity structures is not only determined by the connectivity manner of the members, but also sensitive to the height/radius ratio and the stiffness/ prestress ratio.

Our team of structural designers started to deal with this kind of fine art of structure in the year 2008. Together with the students we try to bring fresh ideas into the field and create different models of tensegrities. In this chapter could be found various model used for living and for pleasure as furniture, table lamps or toys. We pay attention not only to the structure itself, but also to details, aesthetic and the elegance of the models.

Each node of the structures is connected by two horizontal cables within its own horizontal plane, and is connected by one vertical cable and one strut to nodes in the other plane. The thick and thin lines denote, respectively, cables that can only carry tension, and struts that carry compression. These structures are called super stable.

In the model structures shown in this chapter, the tensile members are usually cables or rods, while the compression members are sections of tubing. The tensile members can be thought of as cables which pull two points together, while the compression members can be thought of as sections of rigid tubing which maintain the separation of two points.

The tensile members are continuously connected to each other and to the ends of the compression members while the compression members are only connected to tensile members and not to other compression members.

The results of our design process are presented also graphically. In order to determine the equilibrium position the lengths of the struts are specified, which are assumed to be all the same, together with the stiffness of the top ties (assumed equal), bottom ties (assumed equal), connecting ties (assumed equal).

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Tensegrities are all about tension and compression...

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3.2 Tensegrity Chair Head of Project: Sabah Shawkat

Miroslav Debnár Cooperation:

Jaroslav Kormanec, Lukáš Červenec, Mario Nôta, Šimon Galanský, Vladimír Boroň Viktor Tabiš, Lenka Kozáková, Simona Glonská, Laura Šúnová, Natálie Česláková, Miroslav Búran, Silvia Gálová, Patrik Olejňák, Peter Galdík

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Tensegrity Chair - Consultations and Work Process

Tensegrity Chair - Consultations and Work Process STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 145

Tensegrity Chair

Tensegrity Chair STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 147

Tensegrity Chair

Tensegrity Chair STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 149

Tensegrity Chair

Tensegrity Chair STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 151

Tensegrity Chair

Tensegrity Chair STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 153

Tensegrity Chair

Tensegrity Chair STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 155

Tensegrity Chair

Tensegrity Chair STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 157

Testing Tensegrity Chair

Testing Tensegrity Chair STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 159

Tensegrity Chair

Tensegrity Chair STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 161

Tensegrity Chair

Tensegrity Chair STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 163

Tensegrity Chair

Tensegrity Chair STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

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164

Analysing Stairs Head of Project : Richard Schlesinger Cooperation:

Rebeka Hauskrechtová, Vanesa Rybárová, Chris Varga, Viliam Jankovič, Mirka Grožáková, Lenka Pallová, Eva Kvaššayová, Karin Brániková, Kristína Švehlová

165

For example the historical staircase in Rudnayovo Square accessing the beautiful Gothic Cathedral of St. Martin, Bratislava also has earlier dating staircases and in our analysis, we looked at those most frequent.

It is interesting that a large number of staircases in the center of Bratislava are entering the pedestrian subways. Staircases built in the socialist regime are in poor condition nowadays and the question of mobility for people with disabilities is not adequately resolved in lot of cases.

Analyses that we have carried out with the students cooperation, founded that all the stairways in the Bratislava busiest pedestrian subways are nonconform. Our analysis focused on the 10. constituent parts of the typology of stairs.

1. Staircase by location 2. Staircase function 3. Flights amount 4. Flights profile 5. Type of support 6 Flights angle 7. Staircase Material 8. Average Riser 9. Average Tread 10.Standarts STN: Conform/ Nonconform It is necessary to consider the new proposals, one of them are evidenced by the competition for the reconstruction of TrnavskÊ Mýto (2016) inspired by our analysis. Still remains much unnoticed staircases in Bratislava. Our goal is to gradually analysing and assessing the stairs, we want to contribute to the new vitality of Bratislava

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Staircase as construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance is an integral part of every Urban environment. In the Slovak capital city - Bratislava is large number of outdoor staircases.

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture

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Pedestrian Subway Poštová - Trnavské mýto - Panenská

Pedestrian Subway Poštová -Trnavské mýto - Panenská

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Department of Architecture

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1. Staircase by location 2. Staircase function 3. Flights amount 4. Flights profile 5. Type of support 6 Flights angle 7. Staircase Material 8. Average Riser 9. Average Tread 10.Standarts STN

Pedestrian Subway - Trnavské mýto

Pedestrian Subway - Trnavské mýto STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

169

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Department of Architecture 170

Pedestrian Subway - Trnavské mýto- Model

Pedestrian Subway - Trnavské mýto- Model STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 172

Analysing Stairs

Presentation of Models

Analysing Stairs

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Repairs and Reconstructions Head of Project: Sabah Shawkat Cooperation:

Matúš Novanský, Martin Mikovčák, Filip Kusák, Karolína Barenyi

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Department of Architecture

175

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Department of Architecture

176 The origins of Trenčín Castle complex can be dated to 1 1th century . Clock Tower and adjacent castle wall are from 14th century.

Development of the tower was completed by late-reinassance stage.

In 18th century the Castle has burnt down. The Clock Tower was later roofed in 19th century . Then in the 50s of the 20th century he got a new roof appearance, when it was replaced by today‘s roof. In the 70s the tower was reconstructed. Wooden beamed ceilings were complemented, the interiors were plastered anew and partly the facades. The structure of external

staircase with roofing was built. Paved areas and landscape stairs were made. Exterior facades are in many places deterio -rated, stale or moldy plaster indicates that the walls were later supplemented by brickwork.

In many places where the plaster is fallen this brick replacement is visible. At the bottom of the north façade, in the contact of the original stones with rock massif was formed cavity with a width of one meter and depth 50 centimetres.

On the south facade there are doors leading to roofed decayed staircase. All windows are new from the period of

reconstruction in the 70s. Different shapes, colours and type of aggregate at different heights of the tower may indicate several phases of construction of the building.

The same fact also shows the colouring of the plaster. On the east façade there is situated a wooden shelter with malfunctioning wiring inside at the moment.

For more detailed analysis would be necessary to make a probe of the masonry.

Reconstruction of Clock Tower in Trenčín

Reconstruction of Clock Tower in Trenčín STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 178

Reconstruction of Clock Tower in Trenčín

Reconstruction of Clock Tower in Trenčín STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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gallery / museum

wall path

view platform

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Department of Architecture 180

section A-A section B-B

Reconstruction of Clock Tower in Trenčín

The proposed revitalization is divided into 2 parts of the program, which together form a coherent whole. The first program is the reconstruction of the historic tower and the installation of the new floor. (+ Reading room shelves) The second program is an extension of the new building, which includes vertical communication (elevator + stairs) and then programmatically universal outdoor terraces.

steel handrails

grating frame

Books themselves are stored in the reading rooms reconstructed tower and also along the entire circumference of the vertical core. columns H-Profile

console I-Profile

construction detail

L- Profile

Reconstruction of Clock Tower in Trenčín

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The revitalization project of the clocktower in the area of ​​Trencin castle on a specialized library restoration of cultural heritage.

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PLAN 1.Floor

PLAN 2.Floor

PLAN 3.Floor

PLAN 4.-5.Floor

PLAN 6.Floor

PLAN 7.Floor

Reconstruction of Clock Tower in Trenčín

CLOCKTOWER

AXONOMETRY

SOUVENIR SHOP

SECTION 1-1

Reconstruction of Clock Tower in Trenčín

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Department of Architecture

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The project uses the entire internal height of the building location complicated analog mechanism driven electricity obtained especially from sun collectors that suggest placed in the south, less use of part of the area towards the forest park Brezina in the number to in addition to hours and were able to cover a larger part of the establishment Castle.

temperedtread the glass so that it is for the visitor preserve the most authentic feel.

horizontal reinforcing elements. Axis grid network is 500x500mm.

The technical the nature of the project and confined spaces access rate still remains the „only courageous, „but reward is an intense experience. Mechanism, the visitor platform service ladders will benefit from the new network anchor Steel section.

Access will be granted for the newly created footbridge at the level of the original castle from the observation deck building barracks. In addition to comfortably approach thus also create a new view point.

To obtain space clockwork were from Tower floors removed and replaced by two new platforms made of steel and

This will be the original masonry chemically anchored. Axle mechanism at the same time also serve as spacers and

Reconstruction of Clock Tower in Trenčín

CONNECTING ELEMENTS

NEW MASONRY

WOODEN RAMPART DIRECTION BARRACS JOIN-GRID

CONNECTION

WOODEN RAMPART CONNECTION DETAIL

MECHANISM GENERATOR

Reconstruction of Clock Tower in Trenčín

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LINEAR CLOCK

Department of Architecture

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RAMPART FLOOR DETAIL

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House 6x6 Head of Project: Sabah Shawkat Cooperation:

Ján Malik, Maroš Greš, Ernest Bevilaqua, Gabriela Ledňáková

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Department of Architecture

187

Rise and Shine House is rather small yet comfortably spaceous house designed for living in a natural enviroment. The house stands on a 6x6m square base with the exception of the additional entrance hall and has two floors.

The skeleton of the house consists of a steel frame with 2m spacing.

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Department of Architecture

188

The main idea of the house is its changeableness and adaptability for its users needs. Two thirds of the facade consist of slidable glass panels optionally covered by a pair of metal panels. When all of the sliding metal panels are closed the whole house is covered like a cosy shelter and there is no opening, as oposed to when all of them are open and two thirds of the walls become transparent, which means that the mood and intimacy of the interior is fully tractable and can even be completely closed or fully open towards the outside.

The ground floor is an open space without partition.

In the corner there is a kitchen, next to it the dining part and the rest is an adaptable living room. The stairs in the middle are leading to the first floor, which consists of two bedrooms and a bathroom.

Rise and Shine House

Rise and Shine House STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

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Department of Architecture 190

PLAN 1.FLOOR

PLAN 2.FLOOR

Rise and Shine House

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front_view_closed

back_view_closed

left_view_closed

right_view_closed

front_view_open

back_view_open

left_view_open

right_view_open

Rise and Shine House

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Department of Architecture

SECTION

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Department of Architecture 192

Night House

Night House STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 194

Night House

Timber House STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 196

Timber House

A´

250

250

250

250

250

250

2500

3200

2500

401

1300

300

5201

1000 2000

2901

850

1150

1217

300

917

892 1300

1758 1800

1800

709

1500

1800

P

1500

1500

1000

750 633

296

2000

1283

1596

550

750

798 2141 900

149 14351

14351

750

900

14351

14351

613 550 3750 1600 800

2792

1400 2025

750

6551

4150

1217

100 2400

520

1151

1200

3150

900

2100

880

3500

P

1000

300

2001

2700

487 5201

1601

1200 2000

1001

1400

1500

614

900

300

1301

900

1000

270

1000

A

2350 1900

250

250

250

250

250

250

100 200

200

480

480

1000

1000

200

200 70

House for Lovers

A

250 250 250

A

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A´

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198

Experimental Architecture Head of Project: Sabah Shawkat Cooperation:

Filip Kusรกk, Martin Mikovฤ รกk

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Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 200

Rescue Tower

201

Baloon

Gravity Foundation

Baloon Observatory

HE Helium Pilow

Residential Levels

Levels

Wire mooring

Gravity Foundation

Hospital

Gravity Foundation

HE Helium Pilow Observatory

HE Helium Pilow

Residential Levels

Hospital

Gravity Foundation Water Pilow

Rescue Tower

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Wire mooring

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Levels

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The main idea behind forming an Engineering Room at an Art Academy was to offer students the possibility to go through the whole process of designing in architecture.

The subject named Constructions in Architecture was assigned for two terms (for the third and fourth year students of the Bachelor Grade). The subject is also examined as a part of the Final State Exam, and it is guaranteed by Assoc. prof.

Sabah Shawkat, PhD.

The crucial aim of introducing a new engineering subject was to make the students familiar with architectural design of constructions in a complex way that includes all the important functional, constructional, structural and technical issues. Students first create their own architectural concept and step-by-step work on the details of a realizable project.

This educational approach is supported by several external teachers as well, mainly from the Faculty of Engineering of the Slovak Technical University in Bratislava. Moreover, many other experts in professions such as structural engineering, building constructions, acoustics, economy, etc., can be consulted.

Within the first term students scheme out a design architectural concept and propose suitable materials. As the student propositions are almost always very creative and atypical, the design concept is only rarely classical and it requires unconventional solutions. As result different constructions are obtained: non-classical truss structures, composite structures and two-layer space truss frames. In the second term students choose the most suitable type of structural design and the project is elaborated with all the belongings.

What else is interesting about the subject Constructions in Architecture? Certainly it offers a unique possibility for students to follow the entire journey that has to undergo an architectural idea until it becomes a final realizable project of a viable engineering structure. The whole process is extremely creative, inventive and complex. Moreover, students can train their managerial and coordinative skills. By discussing with various experts they can get new inspiring ideas and useful information and learn how to find optimal solutions.

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5.1 Education

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Exhibition Architektonika - Košice

Exhibition Architektonika - Košice STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

Department of Architecture

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Department of Architecture 206

Workshop Kremnica

Workshop Kremnica STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ROOM

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Department of Architecture 208

Exhibition for Elementary School

THE ART OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN ©

Assoc. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Sabah Shawkat, MSc, PhD. M. F. A. Dipl. Ing. Richard Schlesinger, PhD. M. F. A. Tomáš Augustín

1. Edition, Tribun EU, s.r.o.

Brno 2017