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WARSHIP DESIGN AND WEAPONISATION

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HAL DELIVERS HOME-MADE “HAWK” TOINDIAN NAVY

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PUBLISHED BY MEDIA TRANSASIA

TUESDAY 24 SEPTEMBER 2013

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Rosoboronexport takes part in India’s first naval show in full strength with wide range of maritime equipments

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Saab fully engaged with Indian armed forces and showcases its command and control systems

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Eurocopter offers multi-role helicopter for fulfilling Indian Navy’s needs

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NAMEXPO 2013 INAUGURATED First edition of India’s premier Naval and Maritime Exposition & Conference NAMEXPO 2013 was formally inaugurated on Monday at the Cochin Port Trust, Kerala

BAE System to provide powerful mission computer for P-8I aircraft of the Indian Navy

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Twenty years of Indian Navy-Royal Omani Navy’s partnership continues to hold another naval exercise

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NAMEXPO 2013 MAKES A SPLASH

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Vice Admiral Satish Soni with K Babu, Minister for Ports, Fisheries, Excise, Kerala Goverment unveils a book on procurement and production

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Vice Admiral Satish Soni speaking at the opening ceremony

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A full house listens in rapt attention

he first edition of India’s premier Naval and Maritime Exposition & Conference NAMEXPO 2013 was formally inaugurated on Monday at the Cochin Port Trust, Kerala.

The ceremony began with the traditional ritual of lighting a lamp and the inaugural session was addressed by dignataries like Dr. A Shivthanu Pillai, the CMD of defence joint venture with Russia, BrahMos and Vice Admiral Satish Soni, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Naval Command.

Pillai said that this is a great platform and opportunity for Indian Navy, which has come a long way, to showcase its capabilities. Referring to the Brahmos example, from which the other company can learn lessons, he said that “India has been following a successful partnership pattern with India and more of this should happen, which will come with India’s engagement with other countries in bilateral manner.”

He also said that since Indian Navy is the only naval force in the country to possess a supersonic cruise missile, this

event is a great chance for other companies to take a closer look at the capabilities of the Indian Navy. He also recalled the early days of the Brahmos corporate entity, when it was working toward the answer to the country’s need for a supersonic cruise missile.

In his address to the audience, Vice Admiral Satish Soni mentioned that it is a very proud moment for the Navy because this is the first event that is being held to show and recognise their capabilities and their efforts for the country.

“All the personnel in the

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Navy are very dedicated and we are hoping to learn and take away from this event,” he said.

He also stressed that the meaning of warfare has changed in the current scenario and a lot of war fighting are dependant on technology and to make sure that this growth remains unhindered; such events should be importantly held. He also said that though there are a large number of private companies in the business but Indian Navy is always pushing itself to bring out indigenous products.

However, more involvement of government agencies like DRDO in developing the products is also required. The PSUs will add on with their manufacturing capabilities.

Citing an example he said that Cochin Shipyard, which did not make defence ships earlier but still manufactured India’s first indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant. He said that t Indian Navy has always wanted to show its power but never had a chance. “It is okay to keep on exhibiting and highlighting the technologies used by the defence forces of the country.”

The inaugural occasion was followed by a formal ribbon cutting ceremony by the Vice Admiral, who then took a round of the stalls and met with the delegations from different countries.

The inaugural event also included mock attacks and search and rescue drills by the Navy. In one of the drills an anti piracy mission was undertaken in which “MARCOS,” the marine commandos showed a scenario of launching a rescue operation and sanitising INS Satpura, the top class stealth frigate of the country, which was supposedly under attack from the pirates. In other drill, search and rescue operations were conducted by a fleet of Chetak and Dhruv, both of them indigenously produced in India.

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ROSOBORONEXPORT AT NAMEXPO

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Deputy Director General Viktor Komardin who leads the Company’s delegation at the exhibition.

He also added that the Russian side is planning to discuss concrete steps to deepen cooperation with India’s state and private manufacturers of naval equipment. In particular, the joint design and construction of new ships is one of the most promising areas of cooperation.

The Project 11356 frigates, which have long been successfully operated by the

Amur-1650 at sea after surfacing

osoboronexport, part of the Rostec State Corporation is showcasing their naval product at the NAMEXPO 2013, which is India’s first Naval and Maritime conference.

The other companies which will be highlighting their products in support with Rosoboronexport are Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering, St. Petersburg-based Malakhit Marine Engineering Bureau and Sudoexport – as well as the Mars Research & Production Association and the Aquamarin Company.

“We work closely with our Indian partners in the naval area and hope that the new specialized exhibition will be a good platform to showcase our capabilities. Today, India has set ambitious goals to strengthen the national naval forces and Russia, as its strategic ally, is ready to comprehensively cooperate to effectively implement these plans,” said Rosoboronexport

Bal-E coastal defence missile system

“We work closely with our Indian partners in the naval area and hope that the new specialized exhibition will be a good platform to showcase our capabilities.

Today, India has set ambitious goals... for its navy”

—Viktor Komardin, Deputy Director General, Rosoboronexport

Project 11356 frigate raising the surf

Indian Navy, Amur-1650 diesel-electric submarine and a variety of naval weapon systems, are among the different products to be showcased in the show.

More than 70 warships have been built for India over more than 45 years of RussianIndian cooperation in the naval sphere. Russia is providing assistance in designing and supplying systems and equipment for indigenously developed ships under construction in India.

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SAAB FULLY ENGAGED WITH INDIAN ARMED FORCES

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HAMS Ballarat, a naval training ship of Australia

t the first edition of premier Naval and Maritime Exposition & Conference (NAMEXPO), defence and security company Saab are presenting their varied naval products These showcased products, which equip naval forces to have control over the sea territories will range from air to surface and also include underwater and coastal security domains.

Saab is also the chief sponsor for this maiden event that has also been endorsed by

Indian Navy, Coast Guard, Government of Kerala as well as ministries of small and medium enterprises, earth sciences and shipping of the Government of India.

“Saab is delighted to participate in India’s first premier Naval and Maritime Expo. This event is a good forum for us to meet with the relevant stakeholders in the naval domain. This event will be an opportunity to meet Indian stakeholders from government, defence forces

and the Coast Guard and to initiate discussions. The main theme for Saab for this NAMEXPO is ‘Teaming up with India on Naval Systems’.

We believe that partnership is the way forward to work in India and to be able to fully support the market. We already have entered into partnerships with Indian industry to address the naval domain and we are looking forward to further strengthening our engagement with the Indian naval forces and industry”, said

Lars-Olof Lindgren, Saab India Country Chairperson.

The five day event will also see other speakers from the company during various press conferences. A dedicated website for the event has also been launched and can be looked up at www.saabgroup.com/ namexpo2013.

Some of the products to be highlighted: 9LV FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM The 9LV FCS provides extremely efficient all-weather

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9LV Fire Control System

9LV Situational Awareness Terminal on an Australian warship Bridge

Saab 340 maritime surveillance aircrafts

fire-directing capability for any naval gun or a wide range of missile systems. With its open architecture software modules, the 9LV FCS together with the CEROS 200 director, forms a fire-control unit that integrates with any system, whether recently ordered or already onboard.

AUV 62 SPURT

(Self Propelled Underwater Targets) Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, AUV 62 can be reconfigured for mine hunting,

search and reconnaissance, mapping and sea bed profiling, and environmental monitoring.

Sea GIRAFFE

No more trade-offs between radar speed and coverage.

Sea Giraffe AMB, Saab’s multi-role powerful and costeffective medium-range 3D surveillance radar system for naval applications does both. It is a state-of-the-art medium radar with simultaneous air, surface and weapon capability, suitable

for all typical naval environments including littoral and blue-water operations.

AUTOMATIC

IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM AIS is today a requirement for vessels over 300 GT on international voyages, cargo ships above 500 GT in national waters, and passenger ships of all sizes. AIS provides automatic information exchange between ships and between ships and shore

stations over two global VHF radio frequencies.

RBS-15

Saab’s RBS-15 missile family has proven potential to meet the existing and future requirements of all branches of the Indian armed forces. They come with unique flexibility and ability of being launched from various platforms. The RBS15F ER and the RBS15 Mk3 constituting the RBS15 family has the potential to become the common missile for many attack purposes.

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WARSHIP DESIGN

AND WEAPONISATION

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arships today have to be designed such that they operate at high speeds, with low fuel consumption, manoeuvre & remain stable in extreme weather at sea, and keep firing weapons till their last moment.

Survivability requires that a ship’s infra red, acoustic and radar cross section be minimised to avoid detection by the enemy. The primary offensive weapon suit is decided by the role of the warship, say anti submarine, anti surface or strategic. For its defence it would have anti aircraft, anti submarine and anti surface weapons along with dispensers for decoys and electronic warfare packages against the anticipated threats.

Larger warships also carry a secondary weapon outfit for a support role if required. The warship has to navigate, communicate and also detect the adversary, this requires placement of large radar, sonar

A Russian Navy officer looks towards the Admiral Sergey Gorshkov frigate

and communication antennae above as well as below the water line, and all these increase the complexities of war ship design.

A warship is generally built to last three to four decades if not more, so the weapon and equipment packages (propulsion, power, sensors, communication etc) have to be so placed that there removal for upgradation is easy, to match the rapid pace of technology.

A warship today does not operate independently, in a network centric environment it has to form part of a designated group of ships, which in turn form part of a bigger system of war effort. Thus design of a warship has to take into account the fact that it is capable of operating with other warships and that its protocols are compatible with the other group ships.

Keeping all the above complexities in forefront and

to ensure ‘building good ships’ new design approaches need to be studied.

Systems engineering approach to warship design has shown a way ahead because it is fundamentally an interdisciplinary engineering management process covering all aspects of hardware, software and the human component. It caters for life cycle requirements, and economically beneficial integrated design. A NATO specialist team constituted for setting up systems engineering guidelines for cost effectiveness of new technology in warships has indicated the essential steps of stake holder requirement definition, requirement analysis, synthesis architectural design, verification and validation prior to finalising of design.

DARPA is also researching in to novel methods for design and verification of complex

systems in its META program.

Under this program attempt is being made to devise a model based system engineering framework which can then enable architectural analysis of complex systems during conceptual design itself, leading to a much more robust and reliable system.

Designing for survivability approach advocate warship design of relatively smaller ships with much higher survivability and better weapons suit. It caters for a more dangerous battle environment, while reducing manpower requirements. This approach brings out a flaw of the reduction of armour plating thickness in the current designs of warships, which has been resorted to for keeping the structural weight low.

Armour plating thickness reduction had taken place earlier as the war at high seas no longer involved close combat and had evolved in to a

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09 larger and larger standoff distance battles. However to accommodate more sensors and weapon suits the armour plating thickness is being further compromised, resulting in lesser survivability of the warship in case of a hit.

Survivability in war at sea implies ability of a warship to continue carrying out its mission, which in turn implies preventing enemy from detecting and attacking it.

Thus requiring reduction of all types of detectible signatures, (Radar, IR, acoustic, magnetic, electronic etc) at the early design stage itself.

Further measures of survivability include enhancing floatability after an attack by the enemy; therefore studies at early design stage must assess the anticipated explosive damages, redundancy for systems and requirements of damage

control etc. A warship based upon survivability in design, while enhancing firepower and reducing human component, may therefore result in a better option for the future.

Axiomatic design approach puts forth the argument that, currently the design process is an iterative process, in that, several individual attributes are first designed and then integrated, often leading to redesign and finally to a compromise solution. In order to design a warship with much less manpower, some functions would have to be transferred to automation and some functions to the remaining manpower.

This needs to be accomplished in a scientific manner such that neither the man nor the machine is over tasked.

Axiomatic design consists of four domains namely, the customer domain, the functional domain, the physical

domain and the process domain. The axiomatic process requires determining ‘what’ is required in each domain and then specifying ’how’ these requirements are satisfied in the successive domain. This leads to a much better design definition at initial stage itself.

INDIAN NAVY AND WARSHIP DESIGN A major impetus to the Indian Naval Design organisation was given by the then prime minister Mrs Indira Gandhi after her return from the launch of INS Nilgiri at Mazagon Docks Ltd Mumbai in 1968. She directed that the Naval Design Office should design frigates, submarines and other fast craft with futuristic propulsion options including nuclear propulsion.

She emphasised the need for synergy between the ship designers and the ship builders

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and this led to prominence of self reliance in warship design and production in the 1969-74 Defence Plan. The result of this, were the indigenous Godavari Class Type 16 frigates, whose design was accepted in 1975 and the commissioning of the first ship Godavari took place in 1983.

The Naval Design team has not looked back since. The latest indigenous ship to join the Indian Navy is the formidable Kolkata class destroyer (project 15A) commissioned in Sept 2012.

STAGES OF WARSHIP DESIGN IN INDIA The fundamental steps in warship building in India commence with the drafting of the Preliminary Staff Requirements (PSR). This is the result of deliberations between the Naval Staff and the naval designers, taking into INS Satpura is seen during sea trials

A naval officer walks on a deck of the Indian Navy’s newly-commisioned warship INS Shivalik in Mumbai

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AK Anthony on the deck of indian warship

account the needs of the Navy based on future threat perceptions and the availability of technologies and industrial capabilities. The PSR includes role, armament, sensors, overall dimensions, speed and endurance etc.

There after conceptual design work is undertaken; it includes sifting through various technical alternatives and selecting the most feasible one for the preliminary design.

This has detailed schematics and calculations to provide the best design option as per the PSR. It is presented to Naval Staff highlighting areas of give and take with respect to the PSR. A desired preliminary design is arrived at after detailed deliberations.

The detailed design work is undertaken thereafter. This involves detailed drawings, hydrodynamic modelling, modifications if required based on modelling studies, layout plans, detailing of specifications and commencement of dialogue with the building shipyard.

The shipyard prepares for construction of the warship by making production drawings, procuring jigs, fixtures and equipment that may be

required during production.

MODULAR SHIP CONSTRUCTION On 2nd Nov 2009, the then Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Nirmal Verma said “We need to revisit the building strategies of the (Defence) shipyards. There is a need to do much more.

Construction schedule is where our shipyards lag. The reason for delays is the basic method of construction (adopted by the shipyards),” With respect to modular ship construction being followed by foreign shipyards, he said “This is found to be the most efficient means of ship construction by which time taken for delivery of the platform is minimised and the work at the dry dock is optimised.”

Currently the Defence Shipyards build ships by launching the hull in water after welding it and there after the shipyard’s craftsmen install machinery and equipment in highly cramped spaces. This has also contributed to inordinate delays in delivery of warships to the Navy as ships have taken nearly ten years to build. However the major shipyards like MDL and GRSE are already in process of

modernising by moving to modular ship building wherein 300-tonne blocks are manufactured independently along with their equipment, electrical wiring, pipelines etc and then fitted to neighbouring blocks precisely, to finally form the warship. It is expected that MDL’s modular shipyard costing Rs. 824 crores would be commissioned by June 2013, there after it is expected that destroyers would be constructed in 72 months and frigates in 60 months.

One of the areas defence shipyards need to study is outsourcing while retaining essential technical manpower for critical defence related work.

With the Indian industry maturing rapidly, many of the tasks like crew accommodation, painting, wiring, piping etc may be totally outsourced, however, with a mechanism to ensure that quality of work is ensured. Both, cost benefits and better quality, should form the basis of outsourcing in warship building endeavours. Shipyards would have to identify and involve major contractors from ship design stage itself and have the production designs ready prior to commencing

construction. Fundamentally Indian shipyards should ‘Build good ships’.

Indian Naval Ships and Craft on Order on Indian Shipyards MDL: 3 Project-15A Kolkata class destroyers, follow on four Project-15B destroyers, one Project-17 Shivalik class frigate and 6 Project-75 Scorpene submarines.

GRSE: 4 ASW Corvettes of Project-28, 6 Inshore Patrol Vessel of the Rajshree class and 8 Landing Craft Utility.

GSL: 4 Offshore Patrol Vessels, 6 of 105-metre Offshore Patrol Vessels and one 90-metre Offshore Patrol Vessel.

HSL: 12 Inshore Patrol Vessels of two different classes, 3 of 50ton Bollard Pull Tugs and one 25-ton Bollard Pull Tug. CSL: Indigenous Aircraft Carrier IAC. Pipavav Shipyard: 5 NOPVs ABG Shipyard: Cadet Training Ship.

WEAPON SYSTEMS Weapon systems on a warship depend upon its assigned role and mission in war. Generally warships carry weapons to cater for threats emanating from the air, surface and underwater. For airborne threats like sea skimming missiles and air attacks, ships have surface to air missiles, guns in dual role, and close in weapon systems/point defence systems (multi barrel guns, short range missiles). For surface threats ships have surface to surface missiles and guns. For anti submarine warfare ships have torpedoes and ASW rockets. Warships carry decoys for deception of enemy torpedoes and oncoming missiles, these comprise of chaff dispensers, IR decoys, acoustic decoys etc. The warships also have an extended weapon capability on the helicopters they house on board.

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MULTI-ROLE HELICOPTER: EUROCOPTER FOR FULFILLING NAVY’S NEEDS

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he Indian Navy’s requirement for a quick deliverable naval multirole helicopter can be completed with Eurocopter’s E725, which is the most adaptable and cost-effective solution.

Introduced in 2005, the EC725 with its more than 3.3 million flight hours is now being used by 86 operators in 46 countries. This helicopter is the most recent addition to the ‘Cougar Family,’ which now operates in 33 different countries including 29 Air Forces, 7 Army Aviation units and 5 Navies.

The EC725 has operated from ships and ashore and is already a combat proven multirole helicopter and has seen combat service worldwide, including Lebanon, Afghanistan and recently Africa. It is a truly multi-purpose, versatile military asset. Special Operations,

Eurocopter E725 top view

Eurocopter’s E725 in naval operation

Combat SAR and Personal Recovery require performance, precise navigation and survivability. The EC725 is outstanding in these aspects and is thus fits perfectly the Indian Navy requirements for ASuW, Special forces, Amphibious assault, Troop carrier, SAR and CSAR operations.

Developed jointly by Eurocopter and French Armed Forces EC725 perfectly fulfill troop transportation missions with maximum effectiveness, survivability and maintenance simplification in demanding missions like Tactical Air Lift and Special Operations.

Eurocopter has also included in its design the most demanding civilian specifications for SAR and Offshore operations

concerning safety, comfort, availability and low cost of operation.

It was conceived when the French Armed Forces were looking for a helicopter, which would comply with the most demanding requirements, to warrant the success of a mission performed in enemy area and listed some major requirements such as: A very short time from ground alert to flight Long range and high payload, with at least 20 commandos on board.

All-weather capability and fully autonomous navigation system High level of systems redundancy and high survivability to bullet impacts

State of the art “Man-Machine Interface” not only to facilitate crew work to highly improve situation awareness, allowing them to take the best decisions; but also to ease training and conversion programs.

Forward sliding windows on both sides for firing machine guns without interfering at the main doors during hoist, fast roping and rappelling operations.

Being a most cost effective latest generation military helicopter, EC725 is fast becoming a reference in Asia. In 2010, Malaysia signed a contract for 12 EC725 and in 2012, Indonesia signed a contract for 6 EC725 after Brazil’s decision in 2009 to acquire 50 EC725 and Mexico 15 EC725.

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Indian Navy’s P-8I after taking-off from shore

BAE SYSTEM TO PROVIDE POWERFUL MISSION COMPUTER FOR P-8I AIRCRAFT

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long with Boeing, BAE Systems has been awarded a contract providing powerful mission computer suites to the Indian Navy for use on their P-8I maritime patrol aircraft, a variant of the U.S. Navy’s P-8A Poseidon.

The MCDS suite – which can go on any aircraft or unmanned aerial system – consists of two highperformance servers and five dual-mission workstations that are lighter and less expensive than currently fielded mission computers.

The suite proves its versatility through its ability to be tailored to individual users, enhancing mission performance and endurance. Additionally, the suite’s modular, open-systems

architecture leverages commercial off-the-shelf designs for military environments, enabling low cost and rapid technology insertion.

“Our mission computer suite is the digital backbone for the P-8I aircraft, providing an interface to all sensors, communication links, countermeasures, aircraft subsystems, and weaponry on board,” said Gary Rubasch, program director in Greenlawn, New York, where the mission computers are developed. “Airborne sensors in surveillance aircraft require a scalable mission computer like our MCDS suite provides.

It allows users to complete multiple missions without needing to purchase additional

“Airborne sensors in surveillance aircraft require a scalable mission computer like our MCDS suite provides. It allows users to complete multiple missions without needing to purchase additional mission specific aircraft”

—Gary Rubasch, Programme director, Greenlawn, New York

mission specific aircraft,” he added.

Not only does the MCDS suite allow users to complete multiple missions, but it can also be configured to meet the input and output, video, voice, and graphics processing needs of modern military battle management. Additionally, its flexible ruggedized processing platform facilitates operation and deployment of maritime patrol and reconnaissance forces.

The delivery of our final mission computing system to Boeing, for India, is scheduled for this year, and with the unmatched ability of our MCDS suite, the Indian Navy will remain prepared to successfully complete its missions.

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20 YEARS OF INDIAN NAVY- ROYAL OMANI NAVY PARTNERSHIP WITH NINTH EXERCISE ‘NASEEM AL BAHR 2013’

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HAL DELIVERS HOME-MADE “HAWK” TO INDIAN NAVY

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AL has achieved another milestone by handing over the first home-made Hawk Mk -132 aircraft to Indian Navy at a function here today. “We built this aircraft in time and this is the first of the five aircraft to be delivered to the Indian Navy.

The remaining four will be delivered soon”, said RK Tyagi, Chairman, HAL. He handed over the related documents to Vice Admiral Pradeep K Chatterjee, AVSM, NM, Deputy Chief of Naval Staff.

Tyagi said it is matter of

INS Sahyadri, a Shivalik class stealth multi-role frigate for Indian Navy built by Mazagon Dock

he ninth edition of the bilateral Indian NavyRoyal Omani Navy biennial exercise is beginning on Monday off Oman, in the North Arabian Sea. Indian Naval Ships Mysore (guided missile destroyer), Tarkash and Tabar (stealth frigates) and Aditya (fleet tanker) are participating under the Command of the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet, Rear Admiral Anil Kumar Chawla in this bilateral exercise. The Royal Omani Navy is being represented

by Royal Navy of Oman Vessels (RNOV) missile and gun vessels, Al Muazzar, Al Mussandam, Al Naja and a Landing ship RNOV Temsah, along with Royal Air Force of Oman aircraft F-16, Hawks and Jaguars amongst others.

This year also marks 20 years of IN-RNO bilateral

exercises. “Naseem Al Bahr” 2013 ninth is aimed at deriving mutual benefit from the experiences of both the navies. A good measure of interoperability has been achieved over the years as result of such exercises and the focus this year would be on Surface Warfare, Visit Board Search and Seizure (VBSS), Anti Air Warfare, Air Operation, Advanced Helo Operations and Maritime Interdiction Operations (MIO).

Bilateral relation between Indian and Oman were formally established with the 1953 Indo-Oman Treaty of friendship, Navigation and Commerce, a first between Indian and any Arab country. Naval exercises have contributed to strengthening of bilateral ties between India and Sultanate of Oman. The signing of a MoU on

Defence Cooperation in Dec 05 and subsequent establishment of the Joint Military Cooperation in Mar 06 has set the foundation for increased defence cooperation. Since then, naval cooperation between the countries has progressed steadily with increased port visits by naval ships and training of RNO personnel by the Indian Navy in hydrography, diving, training management, logistics management and dockyard management.

The visit to Oman is the last leg of the Western Fleet’s Overseas Development to the Persian Gulf as the IN Ships have visited UAE and Kuwait earlier during their month long deployment to enhance bilateral ties and engage in naval exercise with friendly regional navies.

pride that all the training aircraft of the Indian Navy have been supplied by HAL. “We are carrying forward this legacy and will ensure that Navy gets all the support from HAL on all parameters”, he added. Hawk Mk 132 is the latest entry into HAL made and maintained aircraft and helicopters of Indian Navy which include Kiran and Do-228 aircraft, Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH), Chetak and Cheetah helicopters. In addition HAL has also supported Navy in upgrade of Sea Harrier.

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