Valent BioSciences Overview

BIORATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER at I N N O VAT I O N PA R K

Introduction to Valent BioSciences Libertyville, Illinois

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Welcome On behalf of Valent BioSciences, thank you for your interest in our business and our Biorational Research Center (BRC) located in the heartland of America, Libertyville, Illinois.

In April of 2016, Valent BioSciences announced the construction of this state-ofthe-art, multimillion-dollar facility, which includes a 65,000 square foot build-out for dedicated lab and office space, as well as an additional 20,000 square feet of greenhouse space. This investment reinforces Valent BioSciences' position as the worldwide leader in the development, commercialization, and manufacture of biorational products and keeps Valent BioSciences on the leading edge of global sustainability efforts in agriculture, public health and forest health.

In this document, you’ll find information about our company, our facilities, and our technologies.

Best regards,

Ted Melnik Chief Operating Officer Valent BioSciences

Valent BioSciences Overview

VALENT BIOSCIENCES is a global leader in the development and commercialization of biorational products used in agriculture, public health, and forestry markets.

The biorational category consists of a broad range of sustainable technologies derived from natural or biological origins that serve stakeholders in agriculture, non-crop, and public health markets.

Biorationals are characterized as being highly specific in their activity while delivering unique economic, health, and/or environmental benefits.

Biorationals include biological pesticides, crop enhancement products that maximize plant physiology benefits and mitigate crop stress, as well as soil health and root zone management products that bolster sustainable ag systems.

Valent BioSciences Business Units

Biorational Crop Protection

Biorational Crop Enhancement

Rhizosphere & Soil Health

Public Health & Forest Health

Serves the food value chain by delivering sustainable pest control products that maintain crop quality and yield.

Provides growers with sustainable products affecting plant physiology to maximize crop potential and ROI.

Helps growers achieve short- and long-term sustainability through biorationals that promote healthy soil and root systems.

Protects human potential with sustainable solutions to control disease vectors and safeguard our natural resources.

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Inside the Biorational Research Center Valent BioSciences' Biorational Research Center in Libertyville, IL spans 85,000 square feet, including 20,000 square feet of greenhouse space. The new state-of-the-art facility helps foster innovation by bringing all functional areas of VBC’s scientific team under one roof and will serve as the hub for all of the company’s global research, development, and manufacturing support activities going forward:

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Greenhouse Research forms the bridge between the earliest stages of product development and large-scale commercial field trials.

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Plant Biology helps researchers test and identify new biorational materials while providing

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Entomology plays a vital role in determining the efficacy of candidate and existing biorational

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Plant Pathology specializes in the growing area of fungicide discovery and development.

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Chemistry touches virtually all areas of biorational research, interacting with other functional

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Fermentation is the process by which most Valent BioSciences’ biorationals are made. The

much-needed resources throughout the product development cycle.

crop protection technologies while also gauging impact on non-target, beneficial insects such as pollinators and pest predators.

groups from the earliest stages of development on to final product packaging.

BRC provides scale-up and process improvement functions that support product development and our Osage, IA manufacturing plant.

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Formulation/Downstream Processing forms the bridge between fermentation and product finishing and helps VBC meet highly specific market needs regarding application requirements.

Rhizosphere and Soil Health activities span the entire BRC, as scientists from every functional group support this rapidly expanding area of Valent BioSciences' business.

Our Organization A look at Sumitomo Chemical and Valent Group of Companies Valent BioSciences is part of the Valent Group of Companies (VGC), which in turn is part of the Sumitomo Chemical Company Group (SCC). By bringing together best-in-class, sustainable technologies from around the world, VBC, VGC, and SCC experts provide growers, mosquito abatement professionals, and foresters with a full range of innovative solutions – conventional and biorational – that deliver value and help make the world a better place.

The Valent Group Portfolio includes solutions for:

PEST MANAGEMENT

POSTHARVEST SOLUTIONS

An unmatched combination of conventional and biological control for insects and diseases

To extend the quality of crops all the way from the grower’s field to food companies and ultimately, the consumer

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

SOIL HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES

Cutting-edge biochemistry to realize the full genetic potential of the crop and overcome environmental stresses

To ensure crops have uninterrupted and efficient access to its vital resources including water and nutrients

power through synergy

The Sumitomo Chemical Company is a global leader in creative solutions for health and crop science, bringing products to its customers through a business philosophy that drives innovation and integration. With a centurieslong history of proven reliability, steadfast quality control, and a commitment to the world’s societies and the environment, Sumitomo Chemical is known for products that create and deliver value.

Valent U.S.A. develops and markets products in the United States, Canada and Mexico that protect agricultural crops, enhance crop yields, improve food quality, beautify the environment and safeguard public health. Valent products include a well-known line of quality herbicide, insecticide, fungicide and crop enhancement products for agricultural, seed protection and professional use. Valent is a leader in marketing and sales of both traditional chemical products and also biorational products developed by its affiliate, Valent BioSciences.

Mycorrhizal Applications (MA) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Valent BioSciences. MA researches, produces, and markets mycorrhizal fungi that accelerate plant vigor by greatly increasing the surface-absorbing area of roots, producing a healthier root system. These specialized fungi colonize plant roots to create a symbiotic root and mycelial network within the surrounding soils, increasing efficiency in nutrient and water absorption to optimize crop yields.

Valent BioSciences is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sumitomo Chemical Company, created when Abbott Laboratories divested its agricultural business in 2000. Valent BioSciences is the undisputed worldwide leader in the commercialization and supply of biorational products: highly innovative, low-risk, environmentally compatible agricultural, public health, and forestry products and services that create value for our customers and stakeholders.

MGK is a majority-held corporation of Sumitomo Chemical Company that develops and markets a broad portfolio of branded insect control products based primarily on natural pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids. MGK brands provide its customers with effective solutions that have minimal environmental impact. In addition to its current insect control portfolio, the company provides extensive support programs including new product development.

Pace International LLC, a global leader in postharvest coatings, sanitizers, and postharvest disease management products, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Valent BioSciences. Postharvest products improve fruit quality and maintain nutritional value while allowing for longer storage, providing global reach to marketers of many types of high-value crops.

Mission & Investments Helping shape the future of agriculture, public health, and forest health.

Valent BioSciences was created in the year 2000 when Sumitomo Chemical Company purchased the agriculture and public health assets of Abbott Laboratories. Since that time, SCC and Valent BioSciences have continued to invest in complementary technologies and facilities to expand their biorational presence.

Valent BioSciences opens $150 M state-of-the-art biorational manufacturing facility in Osage, IA

Valent BioSciences created from SCC aquisition of Abbott Labs’ Specialty Ag and public health businesses

1991 Valent U.S.A. created from SCC acquisition of Chevron ag business

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2013 Valent BioSciences acquires Pace International to gain entry into postharvest market

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Valent BioSciences’ mission is to discover, develop, manufacture, and market sustainable biorational products that help address grower needs, provide vector control solutions that safeguard human health, maintain and expand green forests, and deliver measurable value to our customers and stakeholders.

In pursuit of these goals, Valent BioSciences is committed to being the biorational industry’s ultimate innovator, expanding our business both through organic growth with our current platforms and by leveraging our expertise and capabilities to create new opportunities.

The company’s continued growth will revolve around work done at the Biorational Research Center – work that will help to feed 8 billion people and wage war on vector-borne disease.

2018

CHICAGO INNOVATION AWARD On October 30, 2017, Valent BioSciences was named a winner of the 16th annual Chicago Innovation Awards for the combined impact of VectoBac® WDG and the company’s proprietary Wide Area Larvicide Sprays (WALS™) application platform in the global fight against Zika virus.

Valent BioSciences opens the BIORATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER in Libertyville, IL

2015 Valent BioSciences acquires Mycorrhizal Applications, to bolster its biorational soil health business

2018

Developed through more than 20 years of global research, WALS leverages VBC’s advanced Bacillus thuringiensis spp. israelensis Strain AM65-52 (Bti) technology and establishes a breakthrough method for delivering biorational larvicides to areas where Zika-transmitting Aedes mosquitoes breed. In 2016, when the United States’ first locally acquired cases of Zika appeared in Florida, VectoBac and WALS helped Miami-Dade public health officials break the transmission cycle of the devastating disease for the first time. Valent BioSciences and affiliates are now implementing WALS in Latin America and SE Asia to combat Zika and other Aedesvectored diseases.

Diversity of Research Key to the strength of the Valent BioSciences pipeline is the Sumitomo Chemical Biorational Research Network (BRN) – a global team of scientists and facilities working collaboratively to develop the world’s strongest and most robust portfolio of sustainable solutions.

Valent BioSciences and SCC are committed to helping stakeholders innovate with high-tech plant health, public health, and forest health solutions that foster a more sustainable relationship with their fields, the planet, and their customers.

To accomplish this, the team of scientists at the Biorational Research Center is part of a comprehensive development and support

network, the BRN, that includes world-class experts in conventional chemistry, biochemistry and formulation science —all operating at key locations around the globe. Central to their mission is research that brings together biorational and conventional technologies that deliver value while working in harmony with the environment.

In addition to the BRC, BRN highlights include: • Health and Crop Sciences Research Labaratory (HCRL, Takarazuka, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan). The HCRL serves SCC and the SCC Group’s overseas companies in collaborative laboratory research involving biorationals, organic synthetic chemistry, plant biology, and formulation technologies.

Scientists at the HCRL provide valuable support in exploring compatibility and potential synergies between conventional and biorational products.

• Midwest Agricultural Research Center (MWARC, Seymour, IL). The MWARC is a 77-acre farmland research site dedicated to commercial-scale testing of new formulations and Valent conventional and biorational pipeline molecules. The Center features a commercial facility, a training conference center, and a seed treatment demonstration lab.

Prod uctio n

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• Midsouth Agricultural Research Center (MSARC, Leland, MS). The MSARC is a 250-acre site that hosts laboratory and field research on biorational and conventional products for use in North America. It includes an insectary for laboratory research with new compounds along with numerous field trials each year in such crops as rice, peanuts, soybeans, cotton, corn, wheat, apples, and pecans.

• Donald Danforth Plant Science Center (St. Louis, MO).

VBC and Mycorrhizal Applications conduct collaborative with the Danforth Center, focusing on pipeline research in the area of mycorrhizae alone and in combination with other biorational compounds. The location includes state-of-the-art lab and greenhouse facilities including cutting edge, non-disruptive root imaging technologies.

Produ cts

Prevention

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Biorational Crop Protection

Overview

Valent BioSciences' Biorational Crop Protection business leverages the power of beneficial microbes that provide highly specific, sustainable pest control solutions for growers around the world.

LEAP

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BACTERIAL DISEASE MANAGEMENT BIOLOGICAL INSECTICIDE

Valent BioSciences’ Biorational Crop Protection business provides growers with highly effective pesticides derived from naturally occuring microbes including the soilborne bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ABTS 351.

Valent BioSciences' biorational crop protection products include biological insecticides, nematicides, and a pipeline of biorational fungicides. These products exhibit a number of attributes that position them uniquely to meet the demands of today’s market.

Valent BioSciences' first biorational insecticide, DiPel®, was introduced nearly 50 years ago to control lepidopteran pests (caterpillars). With everincreasing consumer demand for sustainably grown crops, VBC biorationals are even more relevant now than when they were introduced. Today, DiPel is the best-selling biological insecticide in the world.

Valent BioSciences biorationals can be used in either conventional or organic production systems and are exempt from residue tolerance because of their low impact on the environment and non-target organisms including humans, fish, birds, pollinators, and other beneficial insects. They are typically approved for application right up until harvest.

Biorational Crop Protection WHAT IS DIPEL?

DiPel® is the world’s leading biological insecticide, built on the strength of the naturally occurring microorganism Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki strain ABTS351. A cornerstone of sustainable insect control programs for agriculture, DiPel consists of an optimized blend of Bt spores and four potent insecticidal proteins (Cry toxins) highly specific to lepidopteran pests (caterpillars).

WHAT DOES DIPEL DO?

DiPel controls caterpillars by disrupting their gut functions. Once ingested, DiPel causes the caterpillar to stop feeding within minutes and eventually die. Due to its unique and multiple modes of action, DiPel has never shown cross resistance to any chemical insecticide, making it a preferred option for insect pest control programs which employ tank mix or rotation for insecticide resistance management. Given its eco- and worker-friendly profile, DiPel is exempt from residue tolerance and can be applied up to the time of harvest, providing growers with a critical tool during periods of multiple harvests and for late-season applications.

WHAT CROPS IS DIPEL USED ON? DiPel is labeled for use on more than 200 crops around the world, including: • Vegetables • Fruits • Nuts • Vines • Oil Palm • Sweet Corn

WHY IS DIPEL IMPORTANT?

DiPel provides farmers with sustainable, highquality, cost-effective, broad-spectrum caterpillar control. It does not harm important beneficial insects such as pollinators, insect predators, and parasites used in control of other insect pests. It is not harmful to humans, wildlife or the environment, providing growers with muchneeded flexibility in either conventional or organic cropping systems.

WHERE DIPEL IS USED

WHAT IS LEAP?

LEAP® contains the biorational control agent Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (Btk). The strain ABTS-351 produces Bt spores and four different insecticidal proteins (Cry toxins) that form a crystalline matrix in the Bt bacteria.

LEAP also contains methyl salicylate (MeSA), a powerful plant extract that elicits a plant’s natural defense systems against pathogen infections.

LEAP

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BACTERIAL DISEASE MANAGEMENT BIOLOGICAL INSECTICIDE

WHAT DOES LEAP DO?

LEAP is the only alternative to copper-based products that provides two-way protection: control of caterpillar pests and suppression of plant diseases. When sprayed on a plant and ingested by susceptible Lepidoptera larvae, LEAP’s Cry toxins are released inside the caterpillar stomach and bind to insect-specific receptors in the gut walls. The toxin proteins break down midgut cell walls, invading the pest with Bt spores and causing a massive physiological imbalance which results in localized cell death. Minutes after consuming LEAP, insects stop feeding and ultimately die. LEAP’s fast-acting (insecticide) mode of action in turn helps lessen disease incidence by reducing leaf damage from caterpillar feeding, thereby limiting potential entry points for disease pathogens to enter the plant.

LEAP also triggers defense systems in the plant to minimize effects from bacterial diseases. The presence of MeSA can trigger a whole-plant immunity response through a physiological process that helps protect the plant from pathogen spread and further infection. The process is normally triggered by a localized infection from a pathogen such as bacterial speck or spot, but treating the plant with LEAP starts the defense response in the absence of the pathogen. LEAP’s mode of action includes long-distance signaling to leaves remote from the infection and even to other plants, resulting in production and accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins that help the plant defend itself against invasion by pathogens.

LEAP is also a good resistance management tool since it has not demonstrated cross-resistance with any other fungicides/bactericides, making it ideal in rotation or as a tank mix partner with other pathogen control materials.

WHAT CROPS IS LEAP USED ON? • Tomatoes • Bell Peppers

WHY IS LEAP IMPORTANT?

LEAP provides growers with a sustainable, dualaction option that can reduce pathogen control costs by decreasing or delaying conventional fungicide/ bactericide applications.

WHERE LEAP IS USED

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Biorational Crop Enhancement Overview

Biorational Crop Enhancement utilizes the power of naturally occuring plant biochemicals to maximize a crop’s own genetic potential.

Biorational Crop Enhancement leverages the science of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to supplement the crop’s growth and development.

Comprised of naturally occurring hormones and synthesized compounds that mimic them, PGRs promote, inhibit or modify the physiological traits of a wide variety of crops. This ability allows growers to maximize a crop’s own genetic potential through improvements in yield, crop quality, and, ultimately, return on investment.

Through well-timed application, PGRs help growers optimize

physiological characteristics that determine yield and/or crop quality. PGR effects may include improved fruit set, fruit size, color, shape, shelf life, or a host of other variables that determine value.

PGRs can also be used to improve crop management activities such as the timing of herbicides and fertilizers, or the harvest operation.

Use of PGRs can vary dramatically from crop to crop and region to region.

New and exciting use patterns for PGRs are constantly being discovered by VBC field scientists.

Biorational Crop Enhancement WHAT IS RETAIN?

ReTain® is a plant growth regulator which contains aminoethoyxvinylglycine (AVG), a naturally occurring substance that temporarily inhibits ethylene production.

WHAT DOES RETAIN DO?

ReTain inhibits the production of ethylene in developing fruit, slowing the entire maturing process. ReTain extends harvest time and allows growers to harvest with fewer pickers, while the fruit matures to optimal size, color, and condition.

Applying ReTain four weeks before apple or pear harvest provides protection against accelerated fruit drop, allowing apples to reach maximum size. Additionally, ReTain reduces watercore and stem bowl cracking, ensuring improved packout and fruit quality. In stone fruit, ReTain can improve harvest management by allowing peaches and nectarines to develop excellent flavor without becoming soft and dropping prematurely, while at the same time increasing size.

In 2016, VBC introduced a special formulation of ReTain for use on California almonds. ReTain extends the viability of almond blooms by giving more opportunity for pollination of the flowers, which results in longer flower viability, improving nut set potential. In walnuts, ReTain blocks the production of ethylene as well, reducing Pistillate Flower Abscission (PFA) during bloom – a condition that can lead to reduced fruit set and low yields.

WHAT CROPS IS RETAIN USED ON? • • • •

Pome Fruit Stone fruit Almonds Walnuts

WHY IS RETAIN IMPORTANT?

ReTain delivers a number of unique advantages relating to nut set, fruit quality, and harvest management.

WHERE RETAIN IS USED

WHAT IS PROGIBB?

ProGibb® is a gibberellic acid (GA3) plant growth regulator product. With 40% active ingredient, it is the most concentrated GA3 product form on the market.

WHAT DOES PROGIBB DO?

GA3 is found naturally in virtually all plant species. It is a highly effective growth promoter – increasing size and quality of fruits, vegetables, and other crops, essential for optimum growth and development.

GA3 also plays a role in the regulation of other plant processes such as flowering, seed germination, dormancy, and senescence.

ProGibb is used in many crops to improve crop quality and value.

Depending on the crop, ProGibb can be used to stimulate plant growth, increase yield, and accelerate or delay maturity for a more orderly harvest.

WHAT CROPS IS PROGIBB USED ON? ProGibb is labeled for use on more than 200 crops around the world, including: • Melon • Artichokes • Pecan • Blueberry • Peppers • Banana • Pineapple • Carrots • Rice • Celery • Rhubarb • Cherries • Spinach • Citrus • Stone Fruit • Collard Greens • Strawberry • Cotton • Watercress • Cucumber • Grapes

WHY IS PROGIBB IMPORTANT?

ProGibb affords growers a natural sustainable means to effectively increase the size and quality of fruits and vegetables.

WHERE PROGIBB IS USED

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Rhizosphere & Soil Health Overview

Valent BioSciences is committed to bringing science-based biorational soil health technologies to a market in need of sustainable solutions.

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Soil is fundamental to life and to sustainable ag systems. In recent years, Valent BioSciences and the Valent Group have launched a significant investment into soil health and rhizosphere technologies to benefit agriculture. The rhizosphere is the area surrounding plant roots where soil chemistry and microorganisms affect respiration, water, and nutrient exchange.

the presence or absence of nutrients and micronutrients – is well understood, the role of microorganisms in soil health remains a frontier in plant science.

Soil health quality is a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors that impact how plants grow. While the physical and chemical nature of soil – including

Through a continued focus on Soil Health, Valent BioSciences and the SCC group now brings growers a portfolio of biorational solutions that extend from planting through postharvest.

Valent BioSciences and its wholly owned subsidiary, Mycorrhizal Applications, are thought leaders in the area of biological Soil Health and technologies surrounding beneficial mycorrhizal fungi.

Rhizosphere & Soil Health WHAT IS MYCOAPPLY?

MycoApply® is a soil health product containing four species of endomycorrhizal fungi, Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus etunicatum, and mycorrhizal propagules.

Different formulations are specific to the needs of host plants.

WHAT DOES MYCOAPPLY DO?

MycoApply contains beneficial fungi which establish a symbiotic relationship with the roots of the plant, allowing for root mass expansion, nutrient access and uptake, and drought tolerance. The fungi produce hyphae that can access small soil spaces that root hairs can’t, giving crops access to nutrients not available to larger roots. These hyphae expand beyond the root zone, increasing the root surface area by as much as 50 times and maximizing nutrient access, as hyphae produce enzymes to release nutrients that are tied up in the soil. The fungi build up the plant’s drought tolerance by creating vesicles which store resources until needed by the plant.

About 85% of the world’s plant species form symbiotic relationships with this type of symbiotic soil fungus.

WHAT CROPS IS MYCOAPPLY USED ON? A variety of crops including: • Row crops, such as corn, alfalfa, and peanuts • Fruits and vegetables such as strawberries and cane berries • Ornamentals • Vine crops • Potatoes • Trees

WHY IS MYCOAPPLY IMPORTANT?

The importance of soil health is fundamental to all crops. MycoApply is proven to improve soil health for the vast majority of agricultural crops, giving farmers a necessary and sustainable way to maintain and improve the biological health of their soils.

WHERE MYCOAPPLY IS USED

WHAT IS AVEO?

Aveo® is a newly registered biorational nematicide which contains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strain PTA 4838.

WHAT DOES AVEO DO?

Aveo is a powerful defense against soybean cyst nematode and reniform nematode. It is a biological seed treatment comprised of a living beneficial soil bacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain PTA-4838, which colonizes the plant root rhizosphere to protect the plant from parasitic soybean cyst nematodes (SCN). It provides early season protection against plant parasitic nematodes and offers dependable protection to help enhance the plant’s genetic resistance.

WHAT CROPS IS AVEO USED ON? • Soybeans

WHY IS AVEO IMPORTANT?

Aveo’s low use rate requires minimal adjustment to treater settings, and its flexibility optimizes the ratio of nematicide to fungicide and insecticide protection in soybeans from a stand-alone product.

Aveo’s highly concentrated formulation contains more colony forming units (CFU) per ml than the competition for consistent performance, allowing Aveo to take up less space on the seeds. This allow retailers an easy-to-use option that provides growers complete protection.

WHERE AVEO IS USED

Postharvest

Postharvest Overview

Hunger is still one of society’s most urgent development challenges, yet the world is producing more than enough food.

According to the United Nations, one-third of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally, which amounts to about 1.3 billion tons per year.

The United Nations indicates nearly 50% of all fruit and vegetables go to waste every year along the supply chain, from initial agricultural production down to final household consumption.

Postharvest handling is the stage of crop production immediately following harvest. It includes cooling, cleaning, sorting, packing and storing. Postharvest treatments largely determine final quality, whether a crop is sold for fresh consumption or used as an ingredient in a processed food product.

The moment a crop is removed from the ground or is separated from its

parent plant, it begins to deteriorate.

Postharvest treatments counteract these effects to help maintain the freshness and quality of the produce and eliminate avoidable losses.

A wholly owned subsidiary of Valent BioSciences, Pace International is a global leader in innovative sustainable postharvest solutions to preserve and enhance the freshness and value of fresh horticultural crops, while minimizing food waste and the impact on the environment. Pace’s leadership is based on its innovative products and formulations, advanced application equipment and dedicated technical customer service.

WHAT IS ECOFOG?

ecoFOG® is the leading electro-thermofogging service for the application of postharvest fungicides and antioxidants on apples, pears, plums and kiwi fruit in storage. The electro-thermofogging unit is operated by a professionally trained and certified applicator to ensure a successful treatment, which means the fruit is effectively protected throughout the storage period.

WHAT DOES ECOFOG DO?

ecoFOG produces a fine fog that penetrates through each bin and covers each piece of fruit in the storage room for an effective decay control of fruit. Through a broad portfolio of postharvest fungicides (Fludioxonil, Pyrimethanil, Thiabendazole) and antioxidants (Diphenylamine and Ethoxyquin), ecoFOG can control potential decay development in storage as well as provide a barrier for physiological disorders found in certain fruit varieties. ecoFOG eliminates cross-contamination of decay pathogens contained in traditional drench solutions and it gives customers the flexibility to re-treat fruit when needed.

WHAT CROPS IS ECOFOG USED ON? ecoFOG is currently being used on the following crops: • Apples • Pears • Plums • Kiwi

WHY IS ECOFOG IMPORTANT?

ecoFOG provides grower-packers and packers-shippers with an effective and sustainable broad-spectrum decay control on fruit. It eliminates the need for water use, traditionally used in drenching systems, and therefore the disposal of chemical solutions into the environment. It reduces truck turnaround time, streamlining storing processes and reducing transportation costs. Unlike other thermofogging methods, ecoFOG does not introduce combustion gases into the room, which reduces the potential increase for CO2 build-up. Through ProClean® technology, ecoFOG ensures that all actives are kept inside the room and maximizes the effectiveness of the thermofogging application.

WHERE ECOFOG IS USED

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Public Health/ Forest Health Overview

Biorational larvicides provide highly effective and sustainable solutions for insect pests that treaten public health and our world’s forests.

Each year, millions of people are afflicted by disease stemming from insect vectors. Most common among these are mosquito-borne illnesses, which are estimated to account for more than one million deaths a year.

Malaria, Dengue Fever, Zika Virus, and West Nile Virus are among the most well-known of these diseases.

As in agriculture, biorational products play an important role in the control of insect pests that can threaten human populations. Two subspecies of Bacillus — Bacillus thuriengensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bsph)— provide highly specific control of many dipteran (winged) insects, including mosquitoes, that carry many of these disease agents.

Humans have devised a variety of means to control these pests

depending on the target species, its habitat, and the stage of insect development. Valent BioSciences biorationals target the larval stage of these pests – the stage when the insects are most vulnerable given their immobility and concentration.

Valent BioSciences biorationals also play a key role in helping protect the world’s forests. The notion that we need to manage pests in heavily wooded areas might seem counterintuitive, but defoliating pests threaten the global ecosystem as well as industries dependent on timber.

As in agriculture and public health, VBC biorationals provide sustainable solutions for managing forest pests both safely and economically. Given their specificity, biorational technologies are ideal in places where humans work and play.

Public Health WHAT IS VECTOBAC?

VectoBac® is a bacterial larvicide consisting of only Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (strain AM65-52) and food-grade (US EPA list 4) inert ingredients. Bti is a naturally occurring bacteria found in the soils worldwide.

VectoBac is the first and only bacterial larvicide to be certified by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme.

WHAT DOES VECTOBAC DO?

VectoBac controls mosquito larvae by means of crystal shaped proteins that only kill the larval stage of mosquitoes, black flies (this specific biting fly is sometimes called a “buffalo gnat”), and other closely related flies. These microscopic crystals are ingested by mosquito larvae as they feed. In the mosquito’s alkaline digestive system, the crystals are dissolved and converted by specific enzymes into protein molecules that bind with unique receptor sites on the mosquito gut wall. This binding causes changes which destroy the walls of the mosquito larvae’s gut. The larvae quit feeding within hours and quickly die.

WHAT INSECTS IS VECTOBAC USED ON? Mosquitoes, including species such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

WHY IS VECTOBAC IMPORTANT?

VectoBac WG helps public health professionals reduce the incidence of harmful diseases such as Zika virus, malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and others. VectoBac has received approval for application where organic crops are grown and in sensitive habitats in various countries around the world. In some areas, VectoBac is applied directly into drinking water - the ultimate testament to its role in sustainable vector control.

WHERE VECTOBAC IS USED

Forest Health WHAT IS FORAY?

Foray® is a biological insecticide containing Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk strain ABTS-351).

WHAT DOES FORAY DO?

Foray was specifically developed to protect forests from harmful defoliation caused by destructive caterpillar pests, such as the gypsy moth, tent caterpillars, bagworms and budworms.

Caterpillars must ingest Foray for it to be effective. Shortly after Foray is eaten, it causes a reaction in the caterpillar’s gut; the caterpillar quickly stops feeding, the gut ruptures and the caterpillar dies within a day or two.

WHAT CROPS IS FORAY USED ON? • • • • • •

Forests Shade Trees Ornamentals Shrubs Sugar Maple Trees Ornamental Fruit, Nut & Citrus Trees

WHY IS FORAY IMPORTANT?

Insects can pose a significant threat to what are among our most valuable natural resources— our forests.

Because this bacteria is naturally occurring and effects only caterpillars, it has minimal environmental impact and will not harm other types of insects, fish, birds or mammals.

Foray has been used to protect forested residential areas for many years across North America and elsewhere in the world. A great deal of information regarding human health has been gathered during these programs, and Foray has shown to have no impact in protecting forested residential areas.

WHERE FORAY IS USED

Valent BioSciences is an ISO 9001 Certified Company valentbiosciences.com

© January 2020

Valent BioSciences 1910 Innovation Way Libertyville, Illinois 60048 1-800-323-9597