Issuu

University of Richmond Bulletin

VolumeXCVI

February 1995, Number 1

USPS 652-160

Second -class postage paid by University of Richmond , Virginia 23173. Published by the University of Richmond four times a year : once in Februa1y, once in April, onc e m June and once in August.

Non-Discrimination Poli cy

The University of Richmon d does not discriminate on the basis of sex, religion, age, handicap , race, color or national origin. Any inquiri es regarding the University's policies in th ese areas should be directed to the Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs, University of Richmond , Virginia 23173. Telephone: (804) 289-8032.

Disclaimer

The contents of this bulletin represent the most current information available at the time of publication. However, during the period of time covered by this bulletin , it is reasonabl e to expect changes to be made with resp ect to this information without prior notice . Thus , the provisions of this b ulletin are not to be regarded as an irrevocable contract between the University (or any of its colleges or school s) and the student.

ACADEMIC CALENDARS

Academic Calendar, 1994-95

Summer Session 1994

Early Apr.-Apr. 22, Fri ................... Registration p e riod

May 2-May 24, Mon.-Tue s ............. Late regi stration , Reg istrar 's Office

May 23 , Mon ..................................

June 10, Fri ...............

June 11, Sat. .........

Thr ee- and e ight -wee k classes begin

Thr ee-wee k session las t day of cla sses

Thr ee-wee k sess ion exa mination s

June 11, Sat. ......... Three-we e k session e nc.l s

July 8, Fri. ....... Eight-week session last d ay of classes

Jul y 11-15, Mon.-Fri.

July 15, Fri.

Aug. 24 , Wee.I. .........

Summer Program Abroad

Eight-week session examinations

Eight-week sess ion e nc.ls

Sum m e r Diploma Date

July 4-Aug. 6 ........ Camb rid ge Unive rs ity, Eng land

July 11-Aug. 13 .............................. Caracas, Venezuela

(Course offe ring s ar e taught by Un i versity of Richmond law facu lt y, Camb ridg e U ni versity law faculty, and Venezuelan la w facu lt y.)

Fall Semester 1994

Aug. 18, Thurs. .. .........

Orientation ( n ew st ud e nt s)

Aug. 18, Thurs. .. ......... Orientation (second-yea r students )

Late March ....................................

Aug. 22, Mon ................

Aug 26, Fri.

Aug. 29, Mon.

Registration

Classes b eg in , 8:30 a.m.

No- fee ac.lc.1 / c.lrop period e nc.ls , 5:00 p.m.

Fee ac.lc.1 / c.lrop p e rio d beg ins

Sept. 5, Mon. Labor Day (classes mee t)

Sept. 2 , Fri.

Ac.le.I p e rio d and au dit op tion ends , 5:00 p.m.

Sept. 9 , Fri. .................. o-recorc.l drop period e nd s, 5:00 p.m.

Oct. 7 , Fri.

Last day for third-year st ud e nt s to file for degr ee

Oct. 11, Tues. .. ....... Last day to w ithdraw from class

Oct. 19-31 , Wec.1.-Mon. .. Spring te rm regis trati o n for co ntinuing stud e nt s

Nov 22 , Tu es ............. Thank sg iving ho lidays begin after cla sses

Nov. 28, Mon. ............. Class es res um e, 8 :30 a.m.

Dec. 2, Fri. ..... Last day of c lasses

Dec. 3-4, Sat.-Sun Study p e riod

Dec. 5-16, Mon.-Fri. . Fall term exa minations

Dec. 16, Fri. Fall term e nc.l s

Spring Semester 1995

Jan. 9, Mon.

Jan. 9 , Mon. ...................................

J an. 13, Fri........... .. ..

J a n. 16 , Mon.

Jan. 20 , Fri.

J a n. 27, Fri.

Feb. 24 , Fri.

Mar. 10, Fri.................

Mar. 20 , Mon .............

Reg istrati o n fo r new and re-e ntering stud e nts

Classes begin , 8:30 a.m. ........... No- fee ac.lc.1 / c.lro p p e riod e nc.ls, 5:00 p.m. ........... Fee ac.lc.1 / c.lrop p e riod begins ........... Ac.le.Iperiod and audit opt ion enc.ls, 5:00 p.rn. ......... No-reco rd drop period ends, 5:00 p.m.

Last day to w ithdr aw from class

Sprin g vaca tion begins after las t class

Classes res ume , 8:30 a.m.

Academic Calendars

Spring Semes te r 1995, continued

Apr. 21, Fri. .. Last day of classes

Apr. 22-23, Sat.-Su n. . ....... Stu dy per iod

Apr. 2+M ay 5, Mon.-F r i ................ Spr ing te rm exam inations

~lay 5, Fri. . . Spring term ends

May 13, Sat.. . .. Law Schoo l Spring Commencement

lay 1·• Sun. . .......... University Bacca laureate Service

Academic Calendar, 1995-96

Summer Sess ion 1995

The Summe r Schoo l Calendar for 1995 will b e announced during the fall 1994 term.

FallSemes

ter 199 5

Aug. 17, T hu .................. .... . .. .... ... Orientation (new students)

Aug. 18, Fri. . ........... Orientation (second-year students)

Late March ..... Regi s trati o n

Aug. 21, Mo n. ... C lass es b eg in , 8:30 a.m.

Aug. 25, Fri. o-fee add / drop period ends , 5:00 p.m.

Aug. 28, Mo n. . .... Fee add / drop period b eg in s

Sept. Mo n Labor Da y (classes m ee t)

Sept. l. Tues ... . ...... Add p e rio d and audit opt ion ends , 5:00 p.m.

Sept. 8, Tues o-record drop period e nd s, 5:00 p.m.

Oct. 6. Fri. . ........ Last da y for third -yea r st ud e nt s to file for degree

Oct. 10, Tues .................................. Las t d ay to withdraw from class

Oct. 19-Nov. 1, Thur s .-We d. . Spring te r m reg is trat ion fo r continuing s tud e nt s

Nov. 21, Tues ................................. Thanksgiv ing h o lida ys b eg in after cla sses

No\'. 27, Mon. ............ C lasses res um e , 8:30 a.m.

Dec. 1, Fri. . .... Las t d ay o f clas ses

Dec. 2-3, Sat.-Sun. Stud y period

Dec. Mon -F ri. . ..... Fall term exam in atio n s

Dec. l'i, Fri. . ..... Fall term e nd s

Spring Semester 1996

Jan . 8, Mo n ... . ......................... Regis tration fo r n ew and re- e nt e ring st ud e nt s

Jan 8, \ Ion. Cla sses b eg in , 8 :30 a.m.

Jan. 12, Fri. ........... No- fe e add / drop p e riod e nd s. 5:00 p.m.

Jan. l'i, Mon. Fee add / d rop p e rio d b eg ins

Jan. 19, Fri. .... Add p e riod and aud it opt ion e nd s, 5:00 p.m.

Jan. 26. Fri. . .... No- record drop p e riod e:1ds, 5:00 p.m.

Feb. 23, Fri. . ...... Las t day to w ithdra w from class

~Jar. 8, Fri. Sp rin g vacat io n begins after last class

,\Jar. 18, Mon.. ........ . . .. . C lasses res um e , 8:30 a.m.

Apr. 19, Fri. . ........ Las t day o f classes

Apr. 20-2 1, Sat.-Sun ....................... Study period

Apr. 22-May 3, Mon.-Fri. . .... Spring te rm exa minati o ns

May 3, Fri. ........................ Spring te rm e nd s

i\la y 11, Sat. ............. Law Sc h oo l Spring Commencement

May 12, Su n. . .... .. .... .. Univ e rs ity Bac c alau reate Serv ice

'Each ter m the Reg istrar publi shes a d eta i led academic ca len d ar to inform the Un i ve rsit y community of tune schedu les and d eadl i nes. Dates shown abo ve ar c subje c t to c hang e.

Directory /Faculty

Friend, Kimberly , Ad/1111c l Assistant P!Dfessor o/Law-, 1993

B.A. (Un iversity of Virginia), JD. (Unive rsity of Richmond)

Gaden, Barbara]. , Adjunc t Associate Professor o_/Law-, 1988

B.M. (Th e Jullia rd School) , JD. (Fordham Un ivers ity)

Gill, Paul, Adjunct Assistant Pro_fessorof Law, 1993

B.A. (Un iversity of Virginia), JD. (Un ive rsity of Richmond)

Grady, Carolyn V. , Adjunct Ass ista nt Professor of Law , 1992

B.A. (Skidmore College), JD. (Boston College)

Hassell, Hon. Leroy R. , Adjunct ProfessorofLaw , 1994

B.A. (U ni versity of Virginia), J.D. (Harvard)

Hegner, Robin L., Adjunct Assistant Pro_fessor o_/Law and Sta//Attomey, Youth Adv ocacy Clinic; 1993

B S (James Madison University), JD. (Th e College of W illiam and Mary)

Hayes, Timothy G. , Ad/1mcl P!D/essor o_/Law, 1983

B.A., JD. (George Wash ington University )

Hodges, Robert L. , Adjunct Assistant Pro_fessoro_fLaw, 1993

13A. (Un ive rsity of North Carolina), JD. (George Mason Univer s ity)

Holt, Amy T. , Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law , 1994

B.A. , _j.D (The College of William and Mary)

Hulburt, Barbara L. , Adjunct Assistant Pro_fesso r o_fLaw, 1994

B.A. (Swarthmore College) , J.D. (Stanford Univer s ity)

Jenkins, Sarah H . , Adjunct Assistant Prof esso r o_fLaw-,1993

B.A. (Fisk University), JD (Geo rge Washi n gton Un ive rs ity)

]aspen, Robert W. , Adjunct Prqf essor of Law , 1984

B.A. (Cornell Un iversity), JD (Unive rs ity of Michigan)

Kaine, Timothy M. , Adjunct Professor of Law , 1987

A.13 . (University of Missouri-Columbia ), _J.D.(H a rva rd Univer s ity)

Kent, Hon. Donald H. , Adju net Associate Pro_fessor o_fLaw , 1989

13.A. , JD (U ni vers ity of Richmond)

King, Donald E. , Adjunct P!DfessorofLaw- , 1987

A.B. (Loyola Un ive rsity of Chicago), j.D. (Harva rd Uni ve rs ity)

Krueger, Patricia H. , Adjunct Assistant ProjessorqfLaw , 1991

B.A. (Duke University), J.D. (Un iversity of Richmond)

Lacey, Hon. Elizabeth B. , Adju ncl Professor qf Law-, 1994

B.A. (Saint Mary 's Co llege), J.D. (University of Te x as) , LL.M. (University of Virginia)

Leaderman, Arthur I. , Adj1111ctAssociate Professor of Lau, 1990

B.A. (Columbia Univers ity) , M.A. (The John s H opkins Un ive rsit y) , JD. (Cat ho lic University of America)

Lindemann, Albert P. , Adju11c1 Prqf essoro fLaw- , 1989

B.S. (University of Rh ode Island), LL.B. (Boston University)

Luck, Lawrence E. , Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law, 1992

A B. (The College of William and Ma ry), JD (Univers ity of Virginia)

Marra, Christine E. , Adjun c t Assistant ProfessorofLaw , 1993

13.A.(University of Virginia), JD. (U niv e rsit y of Richmond)

Mccandlish, Thomas W. , Adjunct Professor of Lau , 1983

13.A (Il arvard Univers ity), _j.D. (University of Virginia)

McClellan, Julie D. , Adju net Ass is/a 111Professor of Law , 1993

B.A., ].D. (University of Richmond)

Mezzullo, Louis A. , Adjunct Pro_f'essorof Lau , 1976

13A., M.A. (Unive rsity o f Maryland), _J.D.(University of Richmond)

Moon, Sharon M., Adjunct Assistant Pro_/'essoro_fLaw-, 1994

13.A.(Agnes Scott College), JD (University of Richmond)

Directory /Fa culty

Mugel, Christo pher J. , Adjunct Assistant Professo r of Law; 1994

B.A. (U n i ve rsity of Rochester), JD. (U ni vers i ty of V ir gin i a)

Murray, Jo hn V. , Adjunc t Associate Professor of Law ; 1989

A.B. (Seton I-lall Un i ve rsity ), LLB. (Un i ve rsit y of Pennsylvania)

Nash, Cathe rine E. , Adjunct Assistant Prof essor of Law; 1991

B.A., M .S.W. (V ir gi nia Co mmon wea lth Un i vers i ty), JD. (Un i versity of Richm o nd )

Pate, R. Hew itt , Adjunct Assistant Prof essor of Law ; 1994

B.A. (U nive rsi ty of No rth Caro li na); JD. (U ni ve rsity of Virginia)

Rigsby, Michael L. , Adjunct Prqf essor qf Law ; 1986

B.S. (V irginia Po l y t ec hni c In stitut e and State U ni vers it y), JD. (U ni versi ty of Richmond)

Rohman , Thomas P. , Adjunct Associate Professor of La w ; 1989

B.B.A (N ot re Dame Univers ity ), JD. ( D et ro it Co ll ege o f Law)

Rudlin, Ala n , Adj11net Assistant Prqfe ssor qf Law; 1992

B.A., JD. (U ni ve rsi ty of Virg ini a)

Schiess , Lesley I. B. , Adju net Associate Prof essor of Law; 1989

A.B. (V assa r Co ll ege), JD. (Was hin gto n and Lee U niv ersi ty)

Schrode r, Kirk T. , Adjunct Assistant Prof essor qf La w ; 1991

B.S.B.A , B.A. , JD. (U ni ve rsity of Ric hm o nd )

Shimer, Cha rles P. , Adjunct Assistant Prqf essor qfLaw; 1990

B.A. (T h e Co ll ege of Wi lli am and Ma1y) , JD. (Bosto n Co ll ege)

Smith, Rich ard F. , Adjunct Professor of Law; 1980

B.S. (Wa k e Forest Un i ve rsi ty) , LLB. (Un i vers i ty of V ir g ini a), LL.M. (Geo rge Washington U ni ver sity)

Spong, M. Katherine , Adjunct Assistant Professor qf Law ; 1991

B.A. (U ni v ers i ty o f V irginia ) , JD. (Th e Co ll ege of William and Maiy)

Stein, Majel R. , Adjunct Assistant Prq/essor qf Law; 1991

B.B.A. (The Co ll ege of Wi ll iam and Mary), JD. (Un ive rsity of Virginia)

Tidey, Hon. George F. , Adjunct Associate Prq/essor qf Law ; 1989

B.S.,JD. ( U niv e rsi ty of Richmond )

Tucker, John T. , Adjunct Assoc iate Projessor of Law; 1988

B.S. (U ni ve rsit y of Vi rgini a), JD. (U ni vers it y of Ri chmond )

Urofsky, Melvin I. , Adjunct Professor of Law ; 1989

A.B., M. A. , Ph.D. (Co lu mbia Un i ve rsi ty), JD. (Un i versity of Virg inia )

Walk, John R. , Adjunct Assistant Prq/essor qf Law ; 1991

B.A. (T he Co ll eg e of William and Ma1y) , J.D. (Un i v ersity o f Richmond)

Walters , Nea l L. , Adju ne t Projessor of Law ; 1991

B.A. (Th e Co ll ege of William and Mary) , JD. (Northeastern University)

Walsh, James H. , Adjunct Assistant Prq/essor q/Law ; 1992

B.A. (Br id gewa te r Co llege) , JD. (U ni ve rsi ty of V ir g ini a)

White, Heat her , Adju net Assistant Pr q/essor q/La w; 1993

B.A. (Do ug la ss Co ll ege) , JD. (Un iv e rsit y of Rich mond)

Wind muelle r, Esther J. , Adjunct Assistunt Projessor of Law; 1992

B.A. (Rutg e rs U ni ve rsity ), JD. (Un iv ersity of Richmond)

Wolf, Thomas M. , Ac/ju net Projessor of Law ; 1986

B.A., JD. (Van d erb ilt U niv e rsi ty)

Wood, Melis sa L. , Adju net Assistant Projessor of Law ; 1991

A.B. (U niv ersit y of Mich i gan) , JD. ( Wash in gto n Un i vers i ty)

Woodl ey, Priscilla I. , Acljunct Assistant Prq/essor q/ Law; 199 1

B.A (Ya l e U niv e rsi ty), JD. (Ame ri can U ni versity)

Zirkle, Warre n , Adjunct Assistant Prq/ essor qfLaw; 1992

B.S (V ir g ini a Po l y tec hni c I n stitut e and State Uni ve rsity ), JD. (Unive rsity of V irgini a)

Directory /Faculty

Faculty Emeriti

Brabham, B. J. , Prqfessor qf Law, Emeri tu s; 1973-1991

B.A. (Texas A&M), JD (U ni ve rsit y o f Texas), M A. (No rth Texas State), LL.M. (New Yor k U ni ve rsity )

Cudlipp, William S., Jr. , Adjunct Professor of Law, Emeritus; 1933- 1978

LL.B. (U niver si ty of Ric hm o nd )

Davis , Carle E. , Prq/essor qf Law , Emeritus; 1958- 1988

B.A. (Concord Co ll ege), LL.B. (U niv e rsit y o f Ri c hm o nd) ; C.P.A.

Law Librarians

Birch, Paul M. , Compu ter Serv ices and Rejerence Librarian; 1989

B.A. , M.A., JD. (U ni ve rsit y of Wisconsin)

Hinckley , Steven D. , Director , Law Librar y, and Associate Prq/essor qf La w, (1984), 1991

B. S. (Gra nd Va ll ey State Co ll ege), JD. (U ni ve rsity of T o l edo), M.S.L.S (Ca th o li c Un iversity)

Janto, Joyce Manna , Deputy Directo,~ 1982

B. S (Clarion St ate Co ll ege) , M.L. S. (U ni ve rsit y o f Pittsburgh), JD. (Un i vers ity of Richm ond)

Lee, Iris M. , Reference/ Research Se rv ices Librarian ; 1994

B.A. (B row n U ni ve rsity), M.L.S. (U ni vers it y of Mar y l and )

Moye, Allen R. , R efe ren ce/Resea rch Services Librarian ; 1994

B.A. (I -Towa rd U ni ve rsit y), JD. (U ni ve rsity of Ric hm o nd )

Wambold, Sally H. , Technical Serv ices Librarian ; 1980

B.A. (O l d Dominion U ni ve rsit y), l'vJ.S.L.S. (Un i ve rsity of Nort h Caro lina al Chap el I fill )

TIIE T.C. WILUAMS SCHOOL OF IAW

Histo ry

The Univers ity o f Ric hm o nd o rig in a te d in 1830 an d a d eca d e late r was c h a rt e r e d as Richmo nd Co llege, a n in stitu tio n of lib e ra l a1ts an d sc ie n ces T h e Law Sch oo l was establishe d w ithin th e co llege in 187 0 In 1890 the fa mil y o f th e la te T C. W illiam s, who ha d bee n a d evo te d a nd va lu e d tru stee , donate d $25,000 as th e nucl e u s o f a n e ndowme nt for th e Law Sch oo l. In recog niti o n of this g ift, th e sc h oo l was n a m e d T h e TC. William s Sch oo l o fL aw. At va ri o u s tim es th e schoo l has rece ive d furth e r ge n ero u s g ifts from me mbe r s o f Mr. Willi a m s' fa mil y A substan tial g ift ca m e th ro u g h a b eq u es t from T.C. W illia m s , Jr. w h o, lik e hi s fath e r , was long a tru st ee o f Ric hm o nd Co llege, and for 20 yea rs was th e c h a irm a n o f th e Execut ive Co mmitt ee o f th e Boa rd o f T ru stees . The la rges t of th ese g ifts was r ece ive d in 1952 by b eq u es t fro m A. D W illia m s, anothe r so n o f TC. W illia m s .

In 1976, Geo rge E. A lle n , Jr. , Ash by B Allen, a nd W ilb ur C. Alle n p rov id e d th e initial e n dow m e nt for th e sc h oo l's first ch a ir , the Ge o rge E . Alle n Ch a ir. Th ey a nd o th e r membe rs o f t h e Alle n fa mil y h ave a dd e d to this end ow m e nt fund in rece nt yea rs

Th e TC. Willi a m s Sc h oo l o f Law is a n integral pa rt o f th e U ni ve rs ity o f Ric hm o nd. The Un ive r sity Se n a t e , o n w hi ch sit r e pr esentatives o f a ll th e fa culti es, pro v id es for interco lleg ia te coo p e r a tio n. U ltim a t e a uthority is ves t e d in th e Board o f T ru stees and the pre side nt of th e U niv e r sity. Th e d eg r ees in law a re co nf e rr e d b y th e c orpor a tio n o f the Unive r s ity of Richmond. Whil e po ssessing a p ro ud tradition , th e Law Scho o l continues to k ee p pac e w ith th e c han g in g meth o ds o f legal e du c ation in ord e r to prep are its g r a duat es for th e pra c tice of la w in to day 's soci e ty.

Accreditation

T h e Law Sch oo l is fully acc r e di te d b y th e recog ni ze d st and ar d iz ing age n cies in th e Unit e d St a tes It is a m e m ber o f th e Ass o c iatio n o f Am er ica n Law Sch oo ls; it is o n th e ap p rove d lists of th e Am e rica n Bar Assoc iatio n a nd th e Virg inia Sta te Boa rd of Ba r Exa min ers; a n d its J uris Doc to r d eg ree is f ully acc re dit e d by th e Rege n ts o f th e Unive rs ity o f th e State o f New Yo rk. Alth o u g h eac h st ate h as its ow n r e quir e m e nt s fo r a dmi ss ion to th e b ar , a law d eg r ee fro m th e Law Sch oo l q u alifies th e h o ld e r to seek a dmi ss io n to the ba r o f a n y sta te in th e n a tio n .

Location

T h e Unive rsity o f Richm o n d ca mpu s co n sists of 3 50 acres loca te d abo ut six mil es wes t o f th e ce nt e r of t h e c ity o f Ric hm o nd , Virg ini a T h e Law Sch oo l b uild ing , o f Co lleg iate Go thi c a rchi tect ur e , was o rig in a lly o p e n e d in 1954; it was e nl arge d in 1972 and 198 1. In 199 1 th e buil di n g was sign ifica ntl y ex p a nd e d , r e n ova ted , a nd re fu rbis h e d. Afte r thi s rece nt re n ova tion , th e Law Sch oo l buildin g pro v ides mode rn a nd tec hni ca lly e qu ipp e d cl assroo m s, se m i n ar roo m s, a law libr a ry , a co urt roo m , facult y o ffices a nd stud y , admini strat ive o ffices, stud e n t loun ges , and o ffices for t h e Law Review a nd num e ro u s o th e r stud e nt o rg ani z atio n s .

Ric hm o nd , th e cap ital of th e Co mm o nwea lth o f Virg ini a, is w h e r e t h e Virg inia

Ge n e ral Asse mbl y h o le.l s its a nnu a l sess io n s a nd th e Supr e m e Co urt o f Virg ini a sits . Th e Fe d e ral Di strict Co urt for th e Easte rn Di s tric t of Virg ini a a nd th e Unit e d Sta tes Co ur t o f App ea ls for th e Fo urth Circuit a lso h o le.I

reg ul a r te rm s h e re . In a dditi o n , th e Stat e Co rp o rati o n Co mmi ss io n , th e Indu stri a l

Co mmi ss io n , a nd m a n y fe d era l a dmini str ative age n cies h o ld h e arin gs in th e c ity . Was hingt o n , D. C. , w h e re th e Unit e d States Supr e m e Co urt s its, is o nly a b o ut a two- h o ur dri ve away Thu s, s tud e nt s find , in a ddi tio n to th e form a l law sc h oo l pro g ra m , un s u rpasse d o pp or tuniti es fo r o b se rva tio n o f th e lega l pro cess a t wo rk in va rio u s leg isla tive , judi c ia l, a nd a dmini stra tive d e p a rtm e nt s o f th e loca l, s tat e , and fe d e ra l gove rnm e nt s

Purpose of the University

Th e Uni ve rsity of Ric hm o nd is a n ind epe nd e nt , pri va te ly -e nd owe d in stitu tio n of hi g h e r e du ca tio n th a t pro v ides a co mpr eh e n s ive aca d e m ic pro g r a m fo r m e n a nd wo m e n. It o ffe rs th e intim acy o f a s m a ll uni ve rs ity a nd th e di ve rse e du ca tio n a l o ppo rtuniti es th a t d e rive fro m und e rg ra du a te deg ree p rog ra m s in th e lib e ra l a rts a nd sc ie n ce s , in bu s in ess, and in lea d e rshi p s tudi es, as we ll as g ra du a te a nd pr o fess io n a l p rog ra m s in law, bu sin ess , a nd se lec te d a re a s o f th e a rts a nd sc ie n ces . Th e Uni ve rsity al so pro v ides a va riety o f c re dit a nd co ntinuin g e du ca tio n pro g ram s to th e la rge r co mmunit y . Re la te d to th e Ba pti st Ge n e r a l

Assoc iat io n o f Virg ini a , th e U nive rs ity a ffirm s its co mmitm e nt to se rv e indi v idu a ls o f a ll fa ith s a nd p e rsu as io n s , w ith o ut rega rd to race , sex , ag e, ph ys ica l h a ndi ca p , o r n atio n a l o rig in.

Th e e d uca t iona l objectives o/t b e Un iversity are :

to c ultiva te in s tud e nt s th e int e res t , cap ac ity , a nd s kills n ecess ar y fo r ind e p e nd e nt int e llec tu a l inquir y a nd life- lo n g lea rnin g

to co n vey to stud e nt s a re pr ese nt a tive p o rtio n of th at b o d y o f kn ow le d ge th a t h as acc umula te d a nd e ndur e d throu g h th e hi sto ry o f c ultur es

to e n c our a g e a nd a id st ud e nt s in th e d eve lo pm e nt o f b as ic b e lie fs , va lu es , a nd a ttitud es

to ass is t stud e n ts in se lectin g and preparin g fo r ca re e rs a nd fo r stu d y in graduate a nd prof ess io n a l sc h oo ls to fos te r in s tud e nt s p e rson a l habits that co ntri b u te to h ea lth a n d ph ysical fitness

I n o rder to a ch ieve these objectives, the Un iversit)l is co mmitt ed to:

a n e du ca tio n a l e n vironm e nt cond ucive to th e d eve lo p me nt of th e w h ole person in te lle ct u a lly , soc ia lly , sp iritually, physica lly , a nd m o ra lly

a n aca d e mi c se ttin g tha t gua rantees and e n co u rag e s fre e d o m of th ou ght, express io n , a nd assoc ia tio n

a n un de rg ra du a te c urr iculu m that req uir e s m aste ry o f essent ial intellectual too ls , und e rsta ndin g of basi c aspects of h u m a n c ultur e, e x te n s ive kn owledge of a t leas t o n e a rea of s tud y , a n d physica l e xe r c ise

a facu lty d e di cate d prim a rily to excellent teac hin g a nd di a log u e w ith students, w hile re m a inin g ac tive ly e n ga ged in schola rly , sc ie ntific, a n d a rtistic c reativity

a di ve r se, la rge ly fu ll-tim e and residential stud e nt b o d y th a t p a rtic ip at es in a broad r a n ge o f Uni ve rs ity ac tiv itie s th e esse nti a l reso ur ces for le a rning , such as libra ries , la bor a tor ies , studios, comput e rs , a nd a udi ov is u a l fac ilities and m a te ria ls

op p o rtuniti es fo r soc ial co m mitment and publi c se r vice, inte rn sh ips , travel and stud y a b roa d , a nd ot h e r ap propri ate learnin g ex p e rie n ces o ut sid e th e ca mpus

a pro g ram o f va rie d soc ia l, spiritual, and ph ys ica l ac tiv ities th a t p rov id e occasions for grow th , fun , a nd fellows h ip

a n admini stra tio n that p re se rves and e nhan ces th e U ni ve rs ity 's en v ironment a nd reso ur ces , a nd th at re p resents the in stituti o n to th e broad e r co mmunity it se rves

Method of Instruction

The e d u c atio n a l program of th e Law School is c.lesig n e c.lto e quip its grad u a te s to render t he hig h es t qua lity of legal se rvices, while instilling a se n se of prof ess ional responsibility Stud e nt s ar e train e e.I in th e analysis an d so luti o n o f le ga l probl e m s b y rhe app lic at io n o f lo gi ca l rea s onin g . Th e course o f st ud y is n o t d es ign e d to te a c h legal rules, b ut ra th e r to pro v id e a foundation for th e a ppli ca tion and an a lys is o f th e law and the d eve lo pm e nt of prof ess ion a l skills. Th e tr a diti o nal c a se m e thod o f instruction is u se d in man y c ou rs e s. How eve r , clinical e d u cati o n a nd cour ses d ev ot e e.Ito various p rofes sio nal s kills ar e in c re a sin g ly prominent. T h e full-tim e fac u lty is a ugmented b y a numb e r of a djun c t fa c ul ty members, lawye rs a nd jud ges , w h o o ffe r courses in t h e ir a reas of ex p e rtise . An excellent fac ult y o ffe rs a c urri c ulum th a t is 'Nell ba la nce d in th eo re tica l a nd pr ac tica l courses a nd ca re full y se le ct e d to pr e par e the gra duate for th e s u ccess fu l pra ctice of law.

Stude n ts

The Law Sch oo l is rath e r sm a ll. Eac h year"se nter ing cla ss co n s ist s o f a b o ut 160 students, a nd th e e ntir e stud e nt b o d y is approx imate ly 460. Thi s s ize fos te rs close person a l co nt ac t b etwee n fac ult y a nd students and a we lco m e air of c oll eg iality among a ll m e mb e rs of th e la w sc h oo l community . Th e stud e nt-fa c ul ty rati o is approx imate ly 20 to 1.

Th e law stud e nt s co m e fro m a w id e range o f u nd e rg radu a t e in stituti ons, a cademic majo rs a nd b ac kgr o und s . A s iza bl e numbe r of stud e nt s h ave b ee n in vo lve d in other e ndeavo rs b e tw ee n gr aduat in g from college an cl e nt e rin g law school. Th ey brin g to the st u de nt b o d y, the clas sroom , a nd ultimate ly th e pr o fess ion , p e rs p ec t ives clifferent fro m th o se of re c e nt col le g e g racluates . In rece nt yea rs, 50 p e rce nt o f th e

The Law Scho o l

e nt e rin g stucle nt s h ave b ee n wo m e n a ncl a b o ut 20 p e rce nt a re mem b e rs of minori ty g ro up s . Thi s clive rs ity e nh a n ces th e e nv iro n me nt in w hi ch the lea rnin g ex p e rie n ce takes pla ce

Th e first-yea r class is c.livicle c.l into tw o sec tio n s of a b o ut 80 stud e nt s eac h , ancl th e stud e nt s ha ve th e ir first-yea r s ub sta ntive classes w ith th e sam e sec tio n. Th e Lawye ring Sk ills co ur se is ta u g h t in s mall sec tio n s o f 16 stucle nt s. Class s izes in t h e seco ncl ancl third yea r va ry acco rcling Lo co ur se se lec tio n. Man y upp e r-leve l classes a re q uite s mall.

Library

Th e W illia m Tay lor Mu se Law Libra ry, n a m e cl in m e m o ry of a fo rme r d ea n o f th e Law Sch oo l, is h o u se d in th e Law Sch o ol builcling . In 199 1 th e libra ry w a s g re atly ex p a ncle c.l throu g h th e co n stru c tio n o f a n ew w in g a ncl exte n s ive re n ova tio n , res ulting in a sp ac io u s libra ry fac ility . It co nt a in s a m a in read ing roo m a n d fo ur leve ls of s h e lf sp a ce .

Stud e n ts a re ass ignee.I incliv ic.lua l ca rre ls , fo r th e thr ee yea rs t h ey a re in res ide n ce T h ese ca rre ls a re b e in g vvire c.lso th a t th e librar y dat a ba ses and Law Sch oo l co mput e r n e tw ork c an b e a ccesse d fro m th e c arr e ls . Th e libr a ry c ollec tio n pr ov id es bro a cl cove r-

The Law School

age of An glo-Am e rica n law a nd int e rn atio n al law, inductin g publi s h e d o pini o n s o f a ll sta te a nd fe ctera l app e llate co urt s , a nd th e re p o rts o n British and Can adian co urt s and inte rn a tio nal tribun a ls It co nt a in s th e fe dera l a nct sta te co n s titutio n s an ct s ta tut es , a nd co mp ara bl e m a te ria l fro m G rea t Brita in a nd Can a d a . Th e re a lso is an exce lle nt co llec tio n o f lega l p e riod ica ls , trea tises, loose- lea f se rvices , ctigests , a nd e n cyclo p e di as and ot he r resea rch aid s . Th e bri e fs and reco rd s o f cases ctec id e d b y th e Virg inia Supr e m e Cour t also a re ava ilab le , as are a uctio a nd vid eo casse ttes o n a w id e ra n ge o f lega l s ubjec ts . Briefs and reco rd s o f cases d ec id e ct b y th e U nite d States Supr eme Co urt a nd leg islative m ate rials rega rdi ng rece nt fe d e ral sta tut es a re co n ta in e d o n mi crofich e .

T h e lib r a ry co nt a ins two com put e rass iste ct lega l resea rch syste m s , LEXIS and WESTLAW. Firs t-yea r stud e nt s a re tra in e d in th e u se o f th ese syste m s as p a rt o f th ei r lega l w riting co ur se. In addi tio n , th e lib ra 1y p rovid es access to a w id e ra n ge o f law- re la te d d a ta bases in cl udin g NEXI S, DIALOG , and VU-T EXT.

Career Services

T h e Career Ser vices O ffice of th e Law Sch oo l ass is ts all s tud e nt s see kin g pe rm an e nt , summ e r , o r part -time e mpl oy m e nt. Staffe ct by a full-tim e dir ec to r , th e o ffice pro v id es a w id e ra n ge o f se rvices, inductin g g e n e r al e mpl oy m e nt inform a tio n a nd caree r co un se ling It also sch e dul es o n -ca mpu s inte rviews for rec ruit e rs fro m priva te firms; fe d e ra l, s ta te , a nd loca l g o ve rnm e nt s; judi cial cle rk s hip s; corp o rat e le g a l d e p a rtm e nt s; acco untin g firm s ; a nd th e milita1y. Sin ce n o t a ll e mpl oye rs are a bl e to in te rview stud e nt s on ca mpu s, th e Ca ree r Services Office aid s stud e nt s in a ppl yin g fo r th ese po sitio n s b y fo1wa rdin g th e ir res um es to th e e mpl oye rs

Private pr ac tice attr ac ts a ppro x im a te ly 60 p e rce nt of th e stud e nt s in e a ch g ra duat -

in g class T h ose n o t e nt e ring pr ivate practice a re em pl oye e.I in ju dicial clerkships, co rp o ra te lega l d e p artm ents, federal, state a nd loca l gove rnm e nt s ( incl uclin~ prosec ut o rial p os itio n s), lega l servicesprog ra m s , anct th e m ilita 1y.

Programs

Clinical Programs

Th e Law Sch oo l pro v id es a comprehensive, int eg ra te d cl inica l ed u cation program , com binin g s imul at io n , clinical placements, a nd Law Sch oo l ope ra te d ( "in -h ouse") live clie nt re pr ese nt a tio n cl inics.

Simulation Based Courses

All s tud e nt s are re quir ed to take the uniqu e , two-yea r Lawye rin g Skills. The Lawye ring Skills req uirement is unique in seve ra l re spec ts . T rad itio n a lly law schools re quir e a first-yea r co ur se o n legal research , w riting , a nd an alysis. The tractitional course·s focus is o n th e s kills of writing, research, a nd app e lla te a d vocacy . Wh ile these are imp o rta nt s kills , th ey b y n o means represent the o nl y, o r eve n th e m ost often used, lawye rin g skills By ex p anding to a twoyea r Lawye ring Skills co ur se , Law School is a bl e to teac h a w icte r ra n ge of lawyering sk ills in cl udin g int e rview in g , counseling , n ego tia tio n , pr e tria l m o tio n pra ctice, pretrial di scove 1y (e g ., d e p os ition skills),trial p rac tice, a nd a pp e lla te pr ac tice As importa ntl y, th e n ew co ur se a llows us to train the s tud e nt s m o r e a d e qu a te ly in res earch and w riting s kills, s in ce eac h o f th e additional sk ill a reas h as a w riting com p on ent.

In additi o n to Lawye ring sk ills, the Law Sch oo l o ffe rs a ric h va riety of u p per-level e lec tive s imul at io n -b ase d co urses including ad van ce d co ur ses in int e rview ing and counse ling n eoo tiat ion and trial [) ractice. Other ' b ' s p ec ialize d simul atio n-b ase d clinical courses includ e Alte rnat e Di s put e Reso lution, Labor Arbitrati o n , and Co ntra ct D ra fting . Letter g rad es ar e aw ard e d for work in the simulation-b ase ct clini ca l co ur ses .

In-hous e Clin ics

The Law Sch oo l hou ses th ree la w Clin ics inwhich stud e nt s, und e r th e s up e rvision of Law Schoo l fac ul ty re p resen t rea l clie n ts . The Clinics h a ve th e ir own fac ilities within the Law Schoo l th at incl u d e vid eo tap e capability,stud e nt ca JTe ls, an inte 1v iew ro o m , and a class/ conf e re nc e room.

The Menta l Disa bilities Law Clinic focuses o n re pr ese ntation of youth s with mental disab ilities . A maj o rity o f cases involve rep rese nting childr e n and p a re nts seeking app ro pri a te sp ec ia l e du ca tio n a nd community- b ase d se 1v ice s a s ma n d a te d b y both fede ra l a nd s ta te la w. Stud e nt s also represent yo uth w ith m e nt a l di s ab ilities in criminal mat te rs as we ll as c ivil m a tte rs s u c h asactmg as gu a rdi a n -ad -litem for fo s te r ca re revie,, matte rs . In th e Work e rs Prot ec tio n and '\clvocacy Clin ic s tud e nt s re pr ese nt work<:rsan d form e r w o rk e rs in g rie va nce hearings an d p rocee ding s to d e te rmin e entitlement to di sa b ility a nd o th e r b e n e fits . Issue~ incl ude rig ht s und e r s ta te e mp loyee grievance p roce dur e s , e lig ibi lity for b e n ef its based o n im p a ire d a bility to wo rk , a nd entitlement to o th e r b e n e fits and se rvices . In the Yo u th Ad vocacy Clinic, s tud e nts

The Law School

handl e va riou s typ es o f cases, a ll re pr e se nting th e inte re s ts of yo u ng p e op le . In th e m ajority of ca ses, stud e nts re pr e sent juven ile s c h arged w ith c rime s o r se rve as ou a rdo ia n- a d -lite m in th e disp o sition o f criminal matt e rs . Stude nts a lso re p rese nt youth in sc hool ex pu ls io n cases .

Th e in-h o u se Clinics e nrich th e ac ad e mic life of th e ir p a rticip a nts b y a llow ing th e m to re pres e nt clie nts fro m initia l clie nt inte 1vie w throu gh reso lutio n of th e clie nt 's p ro ble m , wh e the r th a t b e dr a fting a d oc um e nt , settling a disput e o r litigating a law s uit. As pa 11 o f th e Law Scho o l's integ ra te d sk ills progra m , th e Clinics build up o n and re inforc e wo rk d o n e in th e s im ula tio n -b ase d co ur se as w e ll as traditio na l co ur sewo rk. In a dditio n to ad va n ce d skills trainin g, the clinical se tting pro vides stud e nts w ith a n o pp o rtuni ty to a ppl y these s kills in rea l life s ituatio ns Th e Clinics a lso a llow th e stud e nt to q ues tio n so m e of the ass ump tio ns a nd cl ficie ncies in th e p ractice o f law ge n e rally , as we ll as in th e sp ec ific co ntex t o f th e Clinic 's w ork. Fina lly, th e Clinics foc us on iss ues o f prof ess io na lism a nd p ro fess io na l res p o n sib ility in pr e p a ring stud e nt s to become me mb e rs of th e ba r

Stu den ts may e nro ll in the in- ho u se Clinics for fou r, five, o r s ix cred it h o urs. Cre d it h o urs ea rn ed in these Clinics are not incl u ded w ithin the n ine-ho u r limitatio n o n no n -classroo m wo rk. Letter grades a re awa rde d for wo rk in th e in- ho use Clinics. P re fe re nce is g iven to stu den ts w ho a re e lig ibl e fo r th e ir thir d-yea r p ract ice ce rtificate.

Clinical Plac e ment Program

Th e Clinica l Placemen t P rogram p laces se lected students with judges and pub lic se rvice atto rneys in bo th th e c ivil a nd c rimina l a reas. Th ird-yea r pract ice ce rtification is req uire d for a ll cr imina l pl ace me nt s and se lec ted c ivil a nd judi c ia l p lace m e nt s Stud e nts wo rk in p lace m e nt s und e r th e s up e rv isio n o f ex p e rie n ce d a tto rn eys a nd th e Direc to r of th e Clin ic al P lace m e nt Pr og ra m

Successful comp le tion of a n y of these placements requires meeting the requirements of th e placement , including four hour s of fie lc.lwork for eac h hour of c re c.liL ; active participation in a week ly two-hour seminar, c.laily journal entries reflecting on the Clin ica l experience, anc.lbi-weekly meetings between the stuc.lent anc.l C lini ca l professor. Stuc.lents can participate in a ll of these programs anc.l can e nr o ll in any for four, five , or s ix credits. Grades in the Clinical Externship Program are aware.lee.I on a Pass / Fa il basis , anc.l the credit hours earnec.l a re includec.l in the 9 hours of nonlaw sc h oo l work which ca n be cou nt e c.l towarc.l meeting the 86 hours requirec.l for grac.luation. (See page 28.)

The programs are more completely c.lescr ib ec.lin the Directory of Clinical Programs wh ich can be obtainec.l from the Director , Clinical Placement Program.

Moot Court

The Law Schoo l provic.les an extens ive moot co urt program through w hi c h students develop their research , brief-writing , anc.lappellate advocacy skills. Stuc.lents participate in the volunLary Carrico Competition anc.1Barnell Competition, through which teams of three stuc.lems each are selcctec.l Lo represent the schoo l in the Na tional !\loot Court Competition and other inLerschool competitions. Stuc.lents also may participate in various specialized competitions such as labor , palenL , and international law. The moot court program is administerec.l by the Moot Court Board which is comprised of second-and third-year students selectec.l on the basis of their performance in the various competitions .

Client Counseling and Negotiation

In addition to possessing advocacy skills, an attorney ought to be able to counsel clients s u ccessfu lly and Lonegotiate on their b e half. The Law Schoo l's c urriculum o ffe r s cou r ses d es ig n ed to develop both of th ese skills . To comp lemenL these courses, th e

C lient Counse lin g Boa re.Iac.lministcrs\'Oluntary intramural and inlerschool dient counse ling and negotiation competitions through which t h e st ud ents are able to pra ctice these essen tia l sk ills . Among these is the Law Schoo l's own inv itational, inter school competition , the Robert R. Merhige , Jr. ational Environmenta l egotiation Competition.

Cooperative Program With MCV/VCU

Department

of Health Adminis

tration

A cooperative program offered by the Law School and the Depa rtmenl or I leaIth Administration at Mec.lical Co llege of Virgin ia, Virgin ia Commonwea lth University (MCV/ VCU) enab les law students to take se lectec.l graduate courses offered by the Department of Health Administration. Byso doing , law stuc.lents can enhance their knowledge of the health care industr y. A list of approved courses is maintain ed h, the Dean's Office and shoulc.l be consulted before registering at J\lCV VCl 1 These courses are gradec.l al MCV/ VCU, hut credit for them is acceptec.l at the Law School on a pass / fail basis The hours are subject to the general rule permining law students to count towarc.l grac.luation up to 9 semester hours of work taken outside the L1,, SchcxJI classroom.

Dual Degree - Law / Health Admi11istratio11: The c.lelivery or health care services poses some of the most critical social. econom ic, and moral issues of our time. Lawyers rep rese ntin g inc.lividuals or health care provic.lers confront a m y riad of regulatory systems and issues fairly unique to this area; health care policy makers and administrators are likewise concerned \Yith the effective operation of ent ities within these_ regulatory confines anc.l with the utility ot these systems.

The c.lual degree program leads to the_ aware.I of the Juris Doctor and Master of Hea lth Ac.lministra tion degrees. The program in tegrates these two profession al cur· ricu la. Participants are thus provid ed "'' th

rhe neces sa1y ex p e rtise e ith e r to re pr esen t clients e ffective ly w ithin th e h ea lth ca re industry o r to fun c tio n as poli cy m a k e rs or administrators w ho app rec iate fully th e legal en\' iro nment w ithin w hi ch their programs ope rate App lica nt s for this program are requ ire d to meet the adm iss ion standards of bot h the Law School and th e Departme nt o f Health Administration. For informatio n regarding admission to the Depa rtment of ITea lth Ad mini st rat ion , contact:

,\ !.fl.A Prog ram Director Department q/ Il ea lth Adm inistrati on \ 'i1p,i11 ia Commo 11wea /1h Uni uersit v JJO'C amp11s, PO. Box203 Richmo nd , VA 23298

\X'hen this fou r-yea r program is successfully co mp le te d , th e Maste r of Hea lth Ac.1ministration is awa re.l e e.Ib y Virg inia ComrnomYealth Uni vers ity anc.l th e JD. b y the University of Ric hmonc.l.

Coope rative Program With the MCV/ VCU Scho ol of Social Work

The co ope rativ e prog ram offe re c.lb y th e Law Schoo l anc.l th e Schoo l of Soc ial Work ofVirginia Co mmon wea lth Unive rs ity (VCU) is design e c.1to pr e par e stu c.lents for professiona l prac tice in area s that ca n b e n e fit from the know le dg e anc.1ski lls drawn from both fields. Rece nt leg is lation , expanding pub lic concern s anc.l co ntinual a lte rations and extensions of th e concept of th e public welfare, have o-iven soc ial work e rs ' e fforts b m social plann in g anc.l program s for social change a new importance anc.l priorit y Knowle dge of th e law gives fo cus to th e ir effo1ts.At the sa m e tim e , la wyers see king better w ays to c.le al w ith human aspects o f legal dis putes anc.lminimiz e social cos ts are turning to the soc ia l wo rker for o-uic.la n ce and ass istance. Th ese conc.litions h: ve mac.le interd isc iplina1y cooperation b etwee n lawyers an c.lsoc ial wo rk e rs norm a l proc e c.lure 10 ma ny instanc es, a nc.lthe two prof ess ion s are giving in c reasec.l attention to th e interests the y shar e

The Law School

T h e coope rative program a llows law stud e nt s to reg ister for courses offcrec.l b y th e Sch oo l of Soc ial Work atVCU w hic h are a ppro vec.lb y the Law Scho o l facu lty . A list o f these co ur ses is maintained by the Dean ·s Office and s h ou lc.l be consu ltee.I before re g ister ing at VCU.These co ur ses are gra c.l e c.l atVCU , but c reelit for th e m is accep tec.latthe Law Schoo l on a pa ss/ fail ba sis . The hour s are s ubj ec t to th e ge n era l ru le perm itting law st uc.le nt s to co unt towa rc.lgrac.luation up to 9 se m ester h o ur s of wo rk tak e n o ut s ic.le th e Law School classroom.

Dual Degree-Law/Social Work: The dual c.legree program is c.les igne c.lto pro vid e its g ra c.luates w ith two degrees - Juri s Doctor anc.1Master o f Socia l Work-attesting to competency in b o th law and soc ia l work Thi s co mp e ten cy is applicab le to a reas of pra ctice c.lrawingup o n knowl e c.lge anc.lski lls from eac h of th ese fie lds It is expecte c.lth a t this program w ill bring tog e th er persons se n sitive to both the legal a nc.l human e le m e nts in social a nc.l per so n a l c.lysfunctions. Also , thi s program w ill brin g toget h e r two fie lds that ca ll for ce rtain similar as we ll as c.liff e re nt kine.ls o f know le dg e anc.l skills dir ec te d towarc.l reso lving hum a n problems . This e ffort to integrat e e c.luca tion in law a nd socia l work w ill draw on the co ntributions eac b ca n m ake to a profe ssional base for pra ctice in both fie ld s

The Law School

A student who is accepted int o the dual degree program w ill be p e rmitt e d to co unt one semeste r 's work in th e Law Schoo l toward m ee ting th e grad u a tion re quir ements in th e Sch oo l of Soc ia l Work a t VCU, and o n e semes te r 's work in th e VCU Schoo l of Socia l Work w ill be co unted towa rd me e ting th e grad u ation requirements of th e Law Schoo l. This wi ll e nabl e parti c ip a nt s in the du a l d eg ree program to co mpl e te th e re quir e m e nt s for th e JD. a nd th e M.S.W. in four yea rs. Appl ica nt s fo r thi s program a re re quir e d to m eet adm iss io n sta nd ards of both th e Law Schoo l and the VCU Sch oo l of Socia l Work. Fo r in formation on admission to th e Sch oo l of Soc ial Work, co nt act:

Director of Admissions

Schoo l of Socia l Worle

Virginia Coniinonwea lth University Ri chmond, VA 23284

Cooperative Program With the VCU Department of Urban Studies and Planning

A coope ra tive pro g ram o ffe red by the Law Schoo l a nd the Department of Urban Studi es and Planning at Virg ini a Commonwea lth Univ e rs ity (VCU) offers law students th e opportunity to tak e selected graduate cou rses offered b y th e Department of Urb an Stud ies and P lann ing in order to enhance th e ir und ers tanding of t h at discipline and its intera ct ion with th e law . A list of approved courses is mainta in ed by the Dean 's Office and shou ld be consu ltee.Ibefo re registering at VCU. These courses a re graded at VCU, but credit for them is accepted at th e Law School on a pass / fail bas is. The hour s are subject to the general rule permitting law students to co unt toward g raduation up to 9 semester hours of work taken outside th e Law School classroom.

Dual

Degree -Law

/U rban Studies and Planning: The prof essions of plannin g and law add ress the concerns of soc ial and econom ic e quity through the in stitu tio n s which h e lp shape the direct ion of urban change. Whi le lawyers often are concerned

w ith the imp act of legis la tion and judicial d ec is ions on groups a nd indi vidu als, plann e rs co n ce ntrat e on soc ial, econ omic, and politi ca l imp acts on la nd u se with the aidof lega l s trat eg ies to guid e co mmu nity growth a nd d eve lo pm e nt.

The Master of Urban a nd Regional Plannin g and Juri s D oc to r dual degr ee program int egra tes th ese two pr ofess ional curricula to pro vid e th e n ecessa ry expertis e to apply lega l an d p lanning ana lysis to th e resolution o f urb an a nd regional policy issues and problems. Some areas of coop eration includ e the d eve lopment and enfor cementof land use a nd growt h managem ent controls, env ironme nt a l protection strategies, housing and comm uni ty developmen t. and numerous health and we lfare progr ams. The dual d eg ree is a fo ur -yea r progr am of study des igne d to e quip gra duat es for a varietyof professional positions inclu ding staff or leg is lative comm ittees , governm ent agenc ies and comm issions , private consulting. neighborhood advocacy , dir ectorships of planning a nd re lated agencies , and executive or lega l a ids to e lec ted officials. Applicants for this program are requir ed to meet th e admission sta ndards of both the L111" School and the D epa rtment of Urban Studies a nd Planning at VCU. Fo r informationon admission to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning , con tac t:

Chair, Department q/ Urban Studies and Planning

Vi1~(?iniaCommonwealth Unil'e1:,i/J' 8 12 West Fra 11hlin St reef Ri chmond, VA 23284

When the four-year program is successfully comp lete d , the Master of Urban Studies and Regiona l Planning degr ee is a11·arded by Virginia Commonwealth University.and the JD. by the Un ivers ity of Richmond.

Cooperative Program With the UR School of Business

A coope rative program with The Richar: 1 S. Reyno lds Graduate School of The E Claiborne Robins Sch ool of Business en-

The Law School

ables stude nts to enroll in selected courses offered in that school, on a space avai lable basis. Admiss ion Lo th ese courses requires the app rova l of the graduate program director. Students are th e reb y able to broaden their bac kgrounds in areas of business and finance. A list of approved courses is maintained by tbe Dean's Office and shou ld be consulted before registration. Cred it for these co urses will be included in the maximum nu mbe r of semester hours which may be taken e ac h semester without payment of additiona l tuition.

These co urses are graded at the business school, but credit for them is accepted at the Law Schoo l on a pass / fail basis. The hours are subject to the general rule permitting law studen ts to co unt toward graduati o n up to 9 se mes ter hours of work taken outside the Law School classroom

Dual Deg ree-Law/Business Adminis-

tra tio n: The Un ivers ity offers a dual degree program designed to provide its graduates With two degrees - JD. and M.B.A. This program reflects the interrelationships between law and business management. Its gradua te s are provided cornplementa1y facility in both of these fields . They will be better able to function as managers because of their familiarity w ith the lega l framework

within which business must operate Alternatively, as attorneys, they can better serve th e needs of bu s iness clients because of their appreciation of the business milieu.

Students accepted into this program will be permitted to cou nL12 semester hours of work in the Law School toward satisfaction of the degree requirem ents of the M.B.A. program , and 12 semester hours of work in the M.B.A. program to wa rd satisfaction of the degree requirernenLs ofrhe Law School. Accordingly , successfu l participants will be ab le to comp lete the req uirements for both degrees in four years. Applicants for this program must meet th e admission standards of the Law School and the Graduate Business School. For information on the M.B.A. program , co nta ct:

Directo,~MB.A. Program

1he Richard S Reynolds Grad11ateSchool

77.? e E. ClaiborneRobinsSchool qfBusiness

Uniuersityqf Richmond, VA 23173

Individual Dual Degree Programs

In ac.lc.litionto the dual d eg ree programs d esc ribed here , inc.livic.luall y ta ilore d programs can be created to m ee t sp ec ial nee ds and interests of particular students Fo r example, in the past programs hav e been approved in biology and in histo1y. Interes te d students shou ld contact the Law School Dean 's Office .

Advising for Dual Degree Programs

Upon admission to dual d eg ree programs , eve1y student will be assignee.I an advisor in both sc hools to help plan co urse s of study that will include all re quir e m e nts , plus e lective courses that w ill b es t serve individual student inter e sts

Graduate Courses

Law students ar e permitted to reg iste r for se lec ted courses offe red by the Un iversity of Richmond Graduate Schoo l that are identifie d on the Law School's list of co urses

appro ve d for tran sfer c re dit to th e Law Sch oo l. In a clclitio n , to th e lis t o f co ur ses m a intain e d in th e D e an 's Office, s tud e nt s ma y see k app rov a l from th e Ass o c iat e D e an for Aca cle rnic Affairs for th e tran s fe r o f c re dit for g ra duat e c our se wo rk co mpl e te d , w hil e e nroll e e.Iin Law Scho o l, that is s h o wn to pro v id e c omp a r a b le opp o rtuniti es to e nhan ce th e law sc h o ol edu ca tion a l p rog ram o f th e s p ec ific s tud e nt. Appro va l mu s t b e sou g ht prior to e nro llm e nt in the parti c ular co ur se . The se h o ur s ar e likew ise s ubj ec t to th e limit a tion o f 9 se m es te r h o ur s o f wo rk ta k e n o ut s id e th e Law Sch oo l cla ss ro o m.

Th ese cour ses a re gr a d e d at th e G ra dua te Sch oo l but cre dit fo r th e m is acce pt e d a t th e Law Sch oo l o n a pa ss/ fail b as is . Any w ork und e rtak e n b y law stud e nt s in th e G raduat e Sc h oo l is s u b jec t to th e ge n e ra l rul e p e rmittin g law s tud e nt s to co unt tow ard g raduati o n up to 9 se m es te r h o ur s of w ork ta ke n o ut s ide o f th e Law Sch oo l class roo m

Summer Session

Th e s umm e r sess ion co n s ists o f a n e ig htweek te rm a nd a thr ee-wee k s ho rt te rm o n c ampu s at th e U nive rsity o f Richm o nd , a five- wee k te rm a t Emm a nu e l Co llege, Cambrid ge Uni ve rs ity, Eng land , a nd a five-wee k pro g ram in Cara cas, Ve n ez u e la. Th e c our se of in s tr u c tion in th e s u mm e r sess ion s abroad is o ffe re d jointl y b y th e U ni ve rs ity o f Ric h -

m o ncl la w fac u lty a s we ll as Cambridge Uni ve rs ity a nd Ve ne zu e la n law faculty.

Atte nd a n ce a t tw o e ig ht-week summer sess ion s, durin g w hic h at least 10 semester h o ur s a re co mpl e te d s u ccessfully , countsas o n e full res id e n ce se m es te r and enables a s tu d e nt to co mpl e te th e d egree requirem e nt s a t th e e ncl o f th e fall te rm of the third yea r. Atte nd a n ce a t th e thr ee-week term a lo n e res u lts in th e acc ru a l of hour s only, a nd n o t of res id e n ce c re dit. Attend ance at th e thr ee-wee k te rm a nd th e Cambridge p rog ram is the eq uiva le nt of one eightwee k sess io n.

Inf or m a tio n re la tin g to th ese courses. tuiti o n , a nd o th e r de tails may be obtained up o n re qu es t fro m:

D ean 's Qffice

Tbe T C. William s Sch ool q/Lau· Un iuers i(J l qfRi chm o nd , VA 2317 .:;

Special Program

Robert R. Merhige, Jr. Center for Environmental Studies

Thi s Ce nt e r , es tab lish e d in 1985, honors o n e of th e Law Sc hoo l's p rom inent alumrn, U nit e d Sta tes Di s tri c t Jud ge Robert R Me rhig e, Jr. Th e Ce nt e r sp o n so rs research._ lec tur es, a nd di sc us s io n s rega rding maJ01 e n vironm e nt a l law iss u es

ADMISSION

Pre -Law Education

While n o p a rtic ular s ubj ec ts a re pr erequisite for a c.lmiss io n to th e U ni ve rs ity o f Richmon c.l Law Sc h oo l, pro sp ec tive students are urge c.lto pu rs u e a c our se o f s tuc.ly covering va rio u s pha ses of h u m a n ex p e rience. The law s tuc.le nl mu s t b e abl e to clraw from a broa c.l b ase o f k n ow le c.lge. Th e folkl\\ ing a re r eco mm e nc.le d as c.les ira bl e pre-law co n ce ntr a tio n s : En g lish , histo r y, political sc ie n ce, phi losoph y, soc io lo gy , psychology, eco n o m ics, a cc ountin g, anc.1 mathemat ics .

Admission Process

The Law Sch oo l ge n e ra lly a cce pt s app l ications only for full -tim e s tud y . H oweve r , on a ,·e1y se lec tive bas is, stuc.le nt s m ay b e allowed to s tud y p a rt -tim e . Whil e th e maj o rity ofcn ter in g stud e nt s b e gin t h e ir s tuc.lies in the fall, a sm a ll numb e r o f first -ye ar stud e nt s matriculate in th e pr ece din g s um me r te rm.

Based up o n p as t ex p e rie n ce, th e Law School ex pec ts to co n s id e r num e ro u s a pplicants for eve r y p os itio n a vail a bl e in th e entering cla ss . A s ub stantial maj o rity o f these app lica nt s w ill cl e arl y d e m o n strat e the ab ility to co mpl e te o ur Law Sch oo l program a nd wo u ld qualify for admi ss io n by any abso lut e sta ndard. H oweve r , b ecause of th e re lat ive ly fe w p o sitio n s ava ilable, the se lec t io n p rocess in vo lves a c omparison of qua lifica tio n s . Admi ss io n is b ase d on the Law Sch oo l Admi ss io n Co mmitt ee's e,·aluation o fth e indi vidua l 's re lat ive promise of s uccess in th e s tud y o f law at thi s school, an d its a ssess m e nt of th e a pp lic ant' s fitness to b eco m e a m e mb e r o f th e lega l profession

The two m os t imp o rtant co n s ic.l e ra tio n s in making thi s evaluation ar e unc.le rgrac.luate acac.lemi c w o rk anc.l th e Law Schoo l Admission T es t sco re ( LSAT) . Th e co mmit -

tee a lso co n s ic.l e rs a n a ppli ca nt' s Jea c.l e r s hip p ote nti a l, ex trac urric ula r a ctivities, reco mm e ndati o n s, e mpl oy m e nt ex p e rie n ce, maturit y , moti va tio n anc.lchara cte r. T h e pol ic y gove rnin g a c.lmiss io n to th e Law Scho o l pr ov ides eq u a l e c.luca tio n a l op p o rtunit y to qualifi e d a ppli c ant s w ith o ut rega rd to race, co lo r , re lig io n , n a tio n a l or ig in , sex , hanc.licap, o r ag e

Application

App lica nt s fo r ac.lmiss io n as Juri s Doc tor (J.D. ) ca ndidat es mu st co mpl e te th e applic ati o n form and mu st b e at leas t 18 ye ar s of age b y th e d a te o f m at ric ula tio n . In ac.lditio n , th ey mu st h ave a n o fficia l tra n sc ript se nt dir ec tly fro m th e reg ist rar o f a n a ppro ve c.1 co llege o r un ive rsity s h ow ing g raduation th e re fro m , un less a ppl ying fo r ac.lmiss ion und e r th e combin e c.l b ac h e lo r's a nd law c.leg ree p rog ra m .

Ap pli cati o n m ate ria ls ca n b e o btain e d o n re qu est fro m th e Ac.lmissio n s O ffice. Th ese m a te ria ls cont a in an ex pl a n atio n of th e a c.lmiss io n p rocess and in st ru ctio n s for co mpl e tio n o f th e a ppli ca tio n m a te ria ls T he a c.lc.lress is :

7he Admi ssio ns Q/Jlce

7he T C Willia ms School q/ Law Uni uers it)Iq/ Ri ch mond, \IA 23 1 73 (804)289-8 189

Summer Entry Program

Unc.le r t his pro gram , law sc h oo l is b eg un i n th e s umm e r pr eced in g th e u s u a l fall e ntr y No rm a lly sc h e dul e d co u rsewo rk in th e fol low ing se m es te rs plus an o th e r e ightweek s umm e r sess io n allows th e co mpl etio n o f c.leg ree req uir e m e nt s in D ece mb e r o f th e thirc.l yea r. Th e bar exam inati o n m ay th e n b e tak e n th e fo llow ing Fe bru a ry . Appl ica nt s w ho w is h to b e co n s id e re d for thi s pr og ra m shou ld stat e their int e res t o n th e a dmi ss io n app lica t io n.

Combined Degrees

A s tuc.le nt w h o is in th e juni o r yea r o f co lle g e m ay a ppl y for a c.lmiss io n to th e Uni ve rsity of Ric hm o nd Law Schoo l 's co mhin e d d eg ree p rog r a m. Stuc.le nt s in thi s p rog ra m m ay co mbin e the ir co llege work a nd t he ir wo rk in law sc h oo l t o rece ive a b ac h e lo r 's c.legree a nd a law c.leg ree in a tota I of s ix yea rs . Th ose a c.lm itte c.lin to t hi s prog ra m m a tricul ate in th e Law Sch oo l at the b eg inn in g of the ir se ni o r year of co llege. Dur in g th a t yea r th ey ta k e firs t -yea r law schoo l co ur ses in lie u of u n cle rg rac.luate co ur ses If a ll o th e r re quir e m e nt s fo r th e ir u nc.le rg rac.lu a t e c.leg ree a re me t , th ey w ill rece ive th e ir b ac h e lor's c.leg ree fro m th ei r und e rg radu a te in s tituti o n a t th e e ncl of th e first ye ar o f law sc h oo l. O n th e s u ccess ful com pl e tio n o f th e re m a inin g two yea rs o f law sc h oo l, t h ey w ill r ece ive th e Juri s D octo r d eg ree fro m th e Uni ve rs ity o f Ric hm o nc.l.

Thi s pro g ra m is d es ig n e d fo r exce pti o n a l stud e nt s o nl y Appli ca nt s for th e co mbin e c.l c.le gr ee progr a m shoulc.l h ave a n exce lle nt und e rg ra duat e g rad e p o int ave rage a nd ac hi eve a ve 1y high sc or e o n th e Law Sch oo l Admi ss ion T es t. Stud e nt s int e res te d in g a ining a dmi ss ion t o th e co mbin e c.l d eg ree progr a m s hould initiall y co nt act th e cle an o f th e ir coll e g e to a sce rt a in w h e th e r it o ffe rs s u c h a program . P e rmi ss io n t o appl y for th e c ombin e d d eg ree pro g ra m sh o uld b e secur e d fro m th e und e rgraduat e cle an and s ubmitt e d w ith th e appli ca ti o n t o th e Law Sch o ol.

Law Honors Program

Stud e nt s admitt e d t o th e a rt s and sc ie n ces und e rg radu a t e pro g ra m of th e U niv e rs ity of Ric hmond and who ha ve an S.A.T. s cor e of 1300 or a bo ve w ith pla ce m e nt in th e top 10% of th e ir high s chool graduating cla ss ar e c on s ic.l e recl for a dmi ss ion simultan e ou s ly to th e Law School. Th ey b e gin law s c hool studi es upon compl e tion of th e ir und e rgrac.lua te w ork. Th e ir admis s ion to th e

Law Sch oo l is co nclition e c.lo n th e completio n of th e ir und e rg radu a te wor k with a cumul a ti ve g ra d e p o int ave rage of at least 3 .2 a nd th e ir m ee tin g th e chara cter stancla rc.l s a ppli cab le to a ll a p p licant s to the Law Sc h oo l.

Admission by Perform anc e Program

T hi s program is c.les ignec.l for selected Law Sch oo l app licants who c.lon o t meet the Law Schoo l's stanc.larcls fo r regul ar admissio n. St u c.le nt s a clrnittec.l into th e program ta k e two Law Sch oo l cou rses du ring the s umm e r sess io n. Pa rtic ip a n ts' p e rformance in th ese co ur ses is eva lu ate d according to th e sa m e g ra din g stan d a rds as ar e applied to first-yea r law st ud e nt s . Th ose p e rforming at th e pr esc ribe d leve l w ill h e admi tted into th e firs t-yea r class Fo r furt her in formation rega rdin g thi s pro g ram , co n tact:

171e A d m issions Q/f ice

171eT C. Wi llia m s Sc h oo l qf Lall' Un iversi ty qf Ri chm ond , VA 23173 (8 0 4)289-8 18 9

Advanced Standing

Th e Law Scho o l ge n e ra lly adm its with a d va n ce d s ta ndin g a few tra n sfer students fro m o th e r law sc h oo ls . Su ch stud e nts must h ave co mpl e te d th e firs t yea r o f law school w ith a s tro n g reco rd at a sc h ool on the appr ove d lis t o f th e Am e ric an Bar Associatio n. No ad v an ce d standin g c redit will be g i ve n for w ork compl e t e c.l in anot her law sc hool unl ess it was c ompl ete d with at least th e grad e of C, or its e qui va lent , and is co mpatibl e w ith th e c urri culu m of this Law Sc hool.

ACADEMIC REGUIATIONS

Grading System and Reports

The follow ing grades wit h grade point values are in e ffec t in the Uni ve rs ity :

t Not used in The T.C. W illi ams Schoo l of Law.

Othe r gra d es which may b e given a re : P which shows cre dit h as b ee n ea rn e d in a pass/ fail co ur se. Sa nd U indi ca te sa tisfact01y or unsa tisfacto 1y p e rforman ce in a pass, no-c redit course W indi ca tes that the student withdrew fro m a co ur se w ith ou t academ ic pena lty. Marks indi ca tin g fa ilure , and co unted as s u ch in the g rad e point average, are F, M(w ithclrew from a co ur se with a fa iling ave rage) a nd V (fa ilur e because o f excess ive abse nc es) The X in clicates th at t h e g rade h as not b ee n received from the inst ru cto r

7, sho ws that the co ur se was aud ited. A student auditing a co ur se is expected to meet a ll re quirements for the co u rse , except the final ex aminat ion or papers No grade or hour cre dit is earned for audited cours e s.

lane.I Ygrac.lesmean that coursework has not bee n comp leted by the encl of the te rm. The I g racle provisionally co unt s as a failing grade. It is g iven w h en the reasons for the incomp le te involve student c ulp abi lity , but the instructor and Associate D e an cleterminc t h a t an F is not warrantecl. The work isto he rnacle up b y the student's graduation elate o r at such earl ier time as specifi e d by the instru ctor ancl Associate D e an. If th e \York is not macle up cluring this grac e period, th e: / wi ll be converted to an F Th e l'grac.le, wh ic h cloes not co unt as a fai ling grade, is give n w h e n th e instructor and Associate Dea n determine that th e reasons for the incomplete do n o t wa rrant an /

grade. In any cas e, it is th e studen t 's responsibility to comp le te th e co ur sewo rk for a course in wh ich an I or Yhas been ass ig n ed .

P e rforman ce in the Clinica l Placement Program is evaluated o n a pass / fail basis. P e rformanc e in th e In -ho u se Clinics (Me ntal Disabilities Law Clinic , Workers Prot ec tion and Advocacy Clinic, a nd the Yo uth Advocacy Clinic) is eva lu a tecl usin g th e le tte rgra cle sca le above

Grades for co ur ses ta ken under the var ious coo p e rati ve programs are reco rd e d by the Law School as a pass if, basecl o n the above g radi n g scale , a gra d e of C (2 .0) o r better is earned ; otherwise they w ill be reco rd ed as a failure.

The g rade point average is determined by clivid ing the tota l number of grade points ea rn ed by the total numb e r of acade mi c h o ur s a ttempted in TC. Williams' co ur ses that ha ve g rad es to wh ic h g rade point valu es a re assignee!. Each of these tota ls is accum ula ted term by term.

If a failed co u rse is repeatecl , the g rade e arned in the repeat and the failure are both included in the grade point average. When the final grade fora cours e in which an / was given is recorded , the occurrence will be shown on the permanent record , and the grade point average ,vi ii b e re computed to remove the effect of th e I ancl to include the final grade Fo r purposes of comput in g grade point averages , the credit hours earned for work recorded on a pass / fail basis are not includ e d in the hours atte mpt e d , if a pass is received . The c re:dit hour s for an y su c h work re c ordecl as a failur e a re included in th e hour s attempt e d. Con sequentl y the credit hour s for work re corcle d a s a pa ss hav e no effect on the grad e point a verage , but a failu re in such wo rk would adversel y affect the g rad e point average.

Note: A cum ulat ive grade point average of at least 2 .00 is required for graduation

Academic Regulations

Students admitted w ith advanced sta ndin g must co n s ult the Associate Dean to determine the manner by w hi ch th e ir c umulat ive g rad e point av e rage w ill be ca lc ul ated for class stand in g purposes.

Studen ts may review their stat u s and progress w it h the Assoc iate Dean or in the O ffice o f the Un ivers ity Registrar. Grae.le reports are sent to the stuc.lent after the close of each term.

Registration and Attendance

Stuc.lents sha ll register accorc.ling to the instructions whic h a re provic.le d for each 1 te rm. A st uc.lent wi ll not be permittec.l to 1 a ttenc.l class until hi s o r h er name h as been en te r e c.lon the official roster of that class b y < the Un ivers ity Registrar and arrangements sat isfacto ty to the Uni ve r sity h ave b een made for that term 's fees.

A stuc.lent may reg ister late , a c.lc.lco ur ses, or opt for auc.lit s ta tu s in a co ur se through th e tenth class clay of the se m es te r pr ov id ec.l

1 that the s p ec ified approvals are obtainec.l anc.l fe es, if a n y , are paic.l.

A s tud e nt ma y w ithdra w fro m cou rses i w ithout aca demi c reco rc.l throu g h th e fiftee nth class clay of th e se m es te r. Withdrawals after thi s time w ill b e s ho w n on th e academic re co rd , a nc.l the s tuc.le nt mu st pr ese nt an adequate reaso n , rece ive th e approval of th e Associate Dean, and follo w any s p ec ifie d administrative proc e dur es incluc.ling the payment of fee s, if any.

Second-or third-y ea r s tudent s may not reg is te r for more than 18 se me ster hour s in ] any se me ster w ithout special p e rmission of th e Associate Dean.

First-year students who are e nroll e d for , full-time study are not p e rmitt e d to hav e 5 outside employment.

t Regular cla ss attendance is ex p ec ted anc.l c required . Enforcement of thi s polic y is the r responsibility of each faculty m e mber. Sanes tion s may b e impos e d , including impo s ition

L of a failing grade, in a case where vio lation is not e d.

Scholarship

At the en c.Iof t h e second sem este r (one yea r) of law stuc.ly:

A st ud ent who fai ls to attain a c um ulatil'e grac.le point ave rage of at least 1.50 shallbe requ irec.lto w ithc.lraw from th e Law School.

A st uc.lent whose cumu lative g rade poim average is at least 1.50 but less than 1.70 shal l be requirec.l to withc.lraw fro m the L;m Sch ool for on e year.

At th e e nc.Iof the fou rth anc.leach subseq u e nt semester of law stuc.ly:

A st uc.lent who fails to attain a curnulatil'e grac.le point average of at least 1.85 shall be required to w ithc.lraw from the Law School.

Conditions

Any s tuc.lent who has failed to attain the req ui s ite c umul at ive grade point a, erage wi ll b e r eq uir ed to w ithdra w imm ed iately from the Law Schoo l , eve n th o u gh he or she has e nr o lled in th e n ext se m ester 's co urses ( incluc.ling summ e r sessio n co ur ses).

Gra d es ea rn e c.l in co ur ses taken during s umm e r sess io n co ur ses are n ot included in ca lc ulatin g the necessary grac.le po int average for th e year o r semes te r im m ed iately pr eced in g the s umm e r sess ion.

The p o int at w hi ch a part -tim e stu d ent must attain the req ui s ite grade p o int aver age shall b e the tim e at w hi ch he or s h e h as completed the s ub s ta ntial e qui va lent of the seco nd se m es te r o f s tud y a nc.lth e substantial e quival e nt o f th e fourth and su ccee ding se me s ter s of s tudy. Such stuc.lents will be notifi e d in advance b y th e Associate Deanof th e tim es at w hich th e s tat ed c u m ulatiw grad e point averages mu s t be m et.

A s tudent w ho h as b ee n re quir ed to withdraw und e r th e 1.50 or 1.85 criteri a stated abov e will not b e rea dmitt e d to th e Law School with advanced standing. In the rare eve nt of rea dmi ss ion , it is as an ente ring first-ye ar s tud e nt with no crec.lit for prior work. Nevertheless, th e prior wor k " ill continue to be shown on th e p er manent

acad em ic recor d , but th e g rad e p o int a ve r'tue will incl u de o nl y th e co ur sew or k at;~~11pte c.la fte r rea dmi ss io n.

Note: A fai le d firs t-yea r co ur se mu st b e retaken in the se m es t e r in w hi c h th e cou rse is next o ffe red.

Examinations

r nless anno u nced o t herwise b y th e instructor, the lengt h o f a n exa min atio n w ill he one ho ur fo r eac h semeste r h o ur of c red it carried by the co ur se A stu d e n t who finds that he o r s h e w ill be u n avoidab ly pre1entec.l from tak in g an exam in at io n a t th e time sc h e c.lul e c.l m ay rece ive p e rmi ss io n t o take the e xam inat io n a t a late r date , if s u c h fact is co mm u n icate d Lo the D ea n o r Associate De an b efore t h e lim e a t w hi c h th e examin atio n is sc h e c.lule c.l. U nl ess exc u se d by the De an o r Assoc ia te D ea n , a s tud e nt who fails to take a n exa minati o n in a co ur se for wh ic h h e or s h e h as reg is te re d w ill receive a grade o f Fin th a t co u rse .

Hono r System

All stude nt s, up o n m a tri c ul a tion , b ecome me m b e rs o f th e Stud e nt B a r Association an d agree to a bid e b y and s u p p o 11th e Law Schoo l Honor Sys te m. Th e Hon o r System is a dmini s te r e d b y th e s tud e nt s through a G rieva n ce Co mmitt ee a nd a n ll onor Co ur t in acco rdan ce w ith pro cedures se t fo rth in th e H o nor Co urt Con s titution. T he Ca n o n s of Stud e nt E thi cs pro v id e that lying , c h ea tin g, o r s te alin g und e r an y circums ta n ce re lating to o n e's s ta tu s a s a la w stud ent a re o ffe n ses aga in s t th e H o n o r System. An inc.liv ic.lual's s ta tu s as a m e mb e r of the Stud e nt Bar A ss o c iati o n is c onditio ned upo n hi s or h e r adh e re n ce to th e Honor Syste m. Th e r es ulting a tm os ph e r e o f pe rsona l int eg rit y and tru s t is hi g hl y a pp ropriate to a sc hool pr e p a ring inc.liv ic.lua ls for the hon ora bl e prof ess io n of la w .

Standards of Conduct

The Uni ve rs ity of Ric hmond con s id e rs cultivatio n o f s elf-di sc ipline and re soluti o n of issue s thr o ugh pro cesses of r e a s on to b e

Academic Regulations

o f primar y imp o rta n ce in th e e du c ati o nal p rocess a nd esse nti a l to th e d eve lop m e n t o f res p o n s ib le c itize n s . All me mb e rs of th e U ni ve rs ity co mmunit y a re ex p ec te d to co nd u ct th e lll se lves , bot h w ithin the Un ive rs ity a nd elsew h ere, in s u ch a man n e r as to be a credi t to t h emse lves an d to t h e U n ive rs ity o f Ric h mon d. Moreove r , th ey h ave a respo n s ibi lit y for compl y in g \Yith loca l, state , a nd fede ra l laws, and wi th a ll puhl is h ec.lUn ivers ity po lic ies and reg ulat ions . In a co rnlllun ity o f lea rni ng , indi vid u a l or gro up co nd u ct t h at is u n lawfu l, th at d is rupt s or int e rfe res with the educat iona l processes , th a t c a u ses d es tru ct ion of p ro pe n y , o r o th e r w ise in fr inges u pon t h e r ights of ot h e rs or o f th e Un ive rs ity itse lf, ca nn ot be to lerate d. Th e T rus tees of th e Un ive rs ity o f Ric hm on d h ave a uth o r ize d a P o licy Stat e m e nt on Standa rd s of Co ndu ct , Pe n a lties , a nd Di sc iplinar y Pr oce dur es to g u id e th e co ndu c t o f s tud e nt s a nd th ei r g u es ts. Thi s s tateme nt se ts fo rth th ose sta nd a rd s o f co ndu c t \Vhi c h th e U ni ve rs ity o f Ric hm o nd de e m s esse ntial fo r fulfillin g its e du c ati o n a l mi ss io n. An y p e rso n w h o v io la tes th e s ta nd a rd s of co ndu c t a n c.l reg ul a tio n s o f th e U ni ve rs ity o f Ric hm o nd s h a ll b e s ubj ect to c.lisc iplin a ry a c tio n and , if n ee d b e , le g a l ac tio n. Di sc iplin a ry ac tio n m ay ra n ge fro m re prirnanc.1/ di sc iplinai y wa rn in g up to a nc.l includin g di s mi ssa l o r ex pul s io n fro m th e U ni ve rs ity . P e n a lties w ill b e impo se c.laft e r prop e r d ete rmin at io n h as b ee n m a c.le in a cco rd a n ce w ith esta bli s h e d di sc iplin a ry pro ce dur es of th e U ni ve r s ity, w ith fair proce dur es o b se r ve d a nd w ith app ro priat e a pp ea l p roce dur es ava ila bl e , as o utlin e d in th e P o licy Sta te m e nt a nd a n y a ppro ve d rev is io n s th e reo f.

A co p y of thi s P o licy Sta te m e nt a nd / o r a n y o ffic ia lly a ppro ve d rev is io n s th e reo f ar e re adil y a v ailabl e to e ach stud e nt w h o matri c ulat es . A ll m e mb e rs o f th e U ni ve rs ity co mmuni ty s h o uld famili a rize th e m se lves with thi s Poli cy Stat e m e nt a nd rev is io n s , a nd w ith an y o th e r offi c ial publi c ati o n s , handb oo k s , or ann o un ce m e nt s iss u e d fro m

I ',,

Academic Regulations

tim e to time by the Un ive rsity of Richmond or by individual co lleges and schoo ls of the Un ive rsity.

Right to Privacy

The Uni ve rsity of Ric hmond has an affirmative obligation to provide order and discipline and th e re by promote an e nvironment co nsistent with th e e duc a tio nal process. In fulfilling that obligation, th e Univ e rsity subsc rib es to the prin c ipl e of providing eve ry m e mber o f the Univers ity co mmunity with the ma x imum pra ct ica bl e d eg ree of priva cy . Any exa mination of po ssess ion s on campus or entry o f c ampu s living quarters, offices , or lo c k e rs shall be in accordance with th e law and University poli cy . Simi la rly , in rega rd to st ud e nt acade mi c and personnel reco rd s , the Un ive rs ity obse r ves th e pro ce dur es and re quir e m e nt s of Th e Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-380) as amen d e d Thi s ac t gene rally prohibits th e unauth o rize d rel ease of confidentia l informati o n a bout indi v idual s tud e nts ; ho weve r , dir ectory information ma y usually be re leased. Further information co n cern ing thi s ac t is available from the Office of the U ni ve rsity Registrar.

Academic Requirements

The Juris Doctor d eg ree requires the successf ul comp le tion of al least 86 semester h ours of accep tab le work and a c umul ative grade point average of al least 2.00

In ac.lc.lition , st ud ents must complete al least six full residence se mesters o ver at least 90 ca lenda r weeks. A full residence semester is defined as a 15-week period in wh ich a student is enro llee.I for al least 10 semes ter hours and passes a t leas t 9 of those hour s. This residence req uir e m e nt is based on American Bar Association accreditation stanc.larc.ls.

Students int e nding Lo attend s umm e r sess io ns in order to comp lete th e ir d egree requirements al the e ncl of the fa ll term of

their third yea r , shou ld cons ult th e Associat e D ea n to d e termin e if th ey w ill have the n ecessary credit h o ur s and resi de nce sem es ter s by that tim e

All academic req uirem e nt s for the Juri s D oc tor d eg ree mu st b e complet ed within five ca le ndar years.

Curriculum Requiremen ts

The 86 se m es te r hour s n ec essa1y for g radu a tio n must includ e th e successfu l com pl e tion of th e fo llow ing cou rses and re quir eme nt s .

Required

Courses

36 semester bou rs:

Civil Proced ur e

Constitutiona l Law

Co ntra c ts

Crimin a l Law

Environm e nt a l Law

Lawyering Skills I , II , III, and IV

Professional Respo n s ibility

Property

Torts

Note: The req uir ed co ur se Pro fessional Responsibility and th e e lect ive co urse faic.lence must be sa tisfacto rily compl eted by th e enc.I of the second yea r if the student w ishes to qualify un c.lerthe Thi re.I-year Practice Rule. Stud e nt s ma y obtain a Th ird-year Practice cert ificate after the y have comp leted fo u r semesters and cours es in Procedure , Evidence , and Professional Responsibilit y This certif icate allows a student to appear in some cou rts under th e superl'is ion of a licensee.I attorney.

Writing Requirement

During the third year of law school. the student must complete sat isfactoril y a substa n tia l paper wh ic h requires in-depth r:· searc h and rigorous ana lys is of a specific area of law , a nd ev idences a sophi sticated knowlec.lae of the law including larger is,-, •• t· sues of impa ct of th e law on va riou s pa rtso society , and future directions the b \, · rna\' take. This req uir eme nt m ay be fulfilled by

an inde pen d e nt resea r c h pap e r m eet ing rhese go als , a p ape r preparec.l for a se min ar course c.l e signatec.l as a ppro vec.l for thi s requireme nt , or b y publication o f an a rticle in the journal o f an Amer ican Bar Assoc iationacc re c.litec.llaw sc h oo l. The Law Schoo l's schec.lule of classes , wh ic h is publishec.l each year, will note t h e seminar courses through which this requirement can be satisficc.l

Elective Coursework

Sufficie nt e lect ive cou rses must be taken to bring t h e total crec.litearnec.l to at le ast 86 semester hours.

A stu d e nt is permittec.l to count a maximum of 9 se mester h ours of spec ific nonlaw scho ol classroom c re c.lit towarc.l the elective hou rs. Incluc.lec.lin this 9- h ou r limit are clinical e xte rn sh ip programs , moot co ur t , client co unseling a nc.lnegotiation compet itions, law re view , anc.l a ll work ta k en in the various coo p e rati ve programs. Also n o te, each o f these programs or compe titions have cre c.lithour limit at ion s .

Graduat ion Policies

Graduatio n with Honors

At th e e nd o f law sc hool stuc.ly, stuc.le nt s who attain in th e rang e of the following cumulative g rad e point averages are e lig ibl e to gra c.luate w ith th e d es ignat ed honor s : 3.75an c.1above , sum.ma cum !aude-, 3.50 to 3.74,m agna cum Laude-,3.25 to 3.49, cum laude.

Filing of

Application

To g rac.lu ate , a st ud e nt mu st file a c.leg r ee applica tion and comply w ith th e graduation attenda nce policy . Degr ee applications must be filed in th e Office of the Unive rsity Registrar by th e first Friday in October for an ant icipat e d completion b y the co min g mid-yea r , spring , or summ er grac.luation.

Attenda nce at Commencement

Dip lomas are aware.led in p erso n exce pt by the dec is ion of th e University not to clo so. An individual w ho ex pect s to rece ive a

Academic Regulations

c.liploma in the spring commence m ent ma y request absentia status by exp la inin g in wr iting th e ve1y unusual circumsta n ce w hich prevents partic ipation in the ce remony This req u est must be rece ived by the Un ive rsity Registrar no later than e ight wo rking clays before the ceremony. The Registrar wi ll notify the inc.livic.lualof the status grante e.I by the Uni ve rsity. Un less approvec.l as absentia , an indi vidu a l w h o does not participate in the ce remo n y wi ll not receive the c.liploma. Also ot h e r sanctions may be invo k e d , incluc.ling the w ithh o ldin g o f the degree itself or its ce rtification The dipl oma may be receivec.l a nd a n y sa n ctio n s remo ved provic.led the canclic.lat e refiles the c.legree application for a sub seq u e nt gra duation anc.l follows approp ria te g rac.lu at io n policy.

Summer a nd mic.1-yeardegrees a re co nfe rred as of the elate specifiec.lin the Uni ve rsity ca le ndar. Summ e r diplomas are mailed to tho se qualifiec.l; mic.1-yearc.liplomas are given in th e sp rin g com m ence m e nt ce r e m o n y.

Encumbrances

The degree w ill n ot be co nf e rr ec.lunl ess th e stuc.le nt 's obligations to the Uni ve rs ity ar e sa tisfacto rily resolvec.l. These ob ligatio n s includ e finan cia l anc.l ad mini strati ve matters s uch as , but not limited to, d e linqu e nt payments, p ar kin g fines , o r ove rdu e libra1y book s

FINANCIAL AFFAIRS

Fees for the 1994-95 academic year

General Fee 9-19 semester hour s inclu s iveFirst and continuing T.C. Williams enro llment (summers excepted):

Prior to May 1993

May 1993 through April 1994

May 1994 through April 1995

Housing (in Law residence hall)

Sing le

Basic Telephone Service (pe r student)

Single ro om

Double room

Triple room

Quad room

Un iversity Forest Apartments

*Plus monthl y toll charges

Meal Plans Meals are served Monday tbrougb Friday , tbree meals a day; Saturday and Sunday, bruncb and dinner.

19 -Meal Plan All 19 meals a week

14 -Meal Plan Any 14 meals a week

10 -Meal Plan Any 10 meals a week

5 -Meal Plan Any 5 m ea ls a wee k All m ea l p lans are based, budgeted , a nd served wit hin the time frame of the undergraduate calendar schedule.

over 19 or less than 9 in a

Per se m este r hour

Camp u s ve hicl e permit

Academic Regalia (at third year)

Registration, change : per drop /a dd form

Registration, late (payable before matriculation), pe r term

Gene ral Fee Payment, late -fee wi ll be assessed up to

Optional Fees

Cable Te lev is ion

Cable ..

Singl e stud ent s no t li v in g on campu s may pay thi s fee, for whic h th ey will rece ive medical

Stude nt Health Center privileges. Stude m s not under a meal plan w ith th e University dining hall \\·ill be charged for meals wh il e in the Student H ealth Center. The services of the Univ e rsity physician are a, ailable only in the Student Health Center.

Information about a stude nt accident and sickness insurance p ol icy is avai lab le from th e Controller, ZOZ

Maryland Hall , (804)289-8 150.

Regardless of the Univ ers ity sc hool in which a course is tak en, the student pays the tuition and fees of the sc hool to w hich he or sh e ha s been admitted and wh ich is conside red the sc h ool of record. An)' special fee assoc iated wit h a particular cou rse, such as a laborator y fee , is c h a rged based on registration in th e co ur se

The Unive rs ity reserves th e rig ht to increase the fees liste d herein and the charges for room and hoarcl if conditions s h o uld make such changes n ecessa ry o r advisable. The chan ges will be announced as far in adva n ce as feasibl e.

Fees and charges will increase for the 1995-96 school year and will be announced as soon as possible.

Financial Affairs

Paym e nts

Fees a re p aya bl e a t th e Offi ce of Stud e nt Accounts , o n e- h a lf o n th e first Mo ne.lay in August and o n e- h a lf o n th e firs t Mo ne.lay in Decem b e r. Stud e nt s e nt e rin g fo r th e seco n d semester pay o n e- h a lf o f t h e reg ul a r c h a rges.

'\fo d iploma is g ra n te e.Ior c re d it g ive n for the sess io n 's wo rk u ntil a ll ch a rges have been sa tis factor ily sett le d.

Students who fa il to co mpl e te reg istration for the fa l1 se m es te r b y th e close of business o n t h e d ay b e for e th e firs t d ay o f fallclasses w ill b e c h a rge d a lat e reg is trati o n fee of up to $50 . Stud e nt s w h o fail to m ak e satisfacto ry a rra n ge m e nt s for th e ir fa ll semester fee s by t h e close o f bu s in ess o n th e first day o f fall classes w ill b e c h a rged a late payment fe e of up to $50 . A la te reg istrat ion feeof$50 wi ll b e c h a rge d curr e n tly e nr o lle e.I students ,v l10 fa il t o co mpl e te regis tra tio n for the sp ring se m es te r b y th e close of business o n the reg istra tion d ay sp ec ifie d for stud e nts co ntinuin g in th e s prin g A $50 late fee also is pa ya b le b y n ew a nd rea dmitted stud e nts w h o fail to co mpl e te reg istration for th e sp rin g se m es t e r b y th e close o f business on the first d ay o f s prin g classes. Students who fa il to m ake sat isfac tory a rrangeme nts for th e ir s prin g se m es te r fees b y the close of b u si n ess o n th e firs t d ay of spring classes w ill b e c h a rge d a la te payment fee of up t o $ 50

Defe rre d Payments

The Universi ty d oes n o t o ffe r a d efe rre d payme nt p la n , a nd a ll acco un ts m u st b e paid in fu ll eac h se m es t e r as indi cate d earlier in this sect io n.

Howev e r, in recog ni t io n of th e s ub sta ntial inte re st in defe rr e d p ay m en ts , th e U ni1·ersityhas a rra n ge d t o m ake ava ila bl e th e sen·ices of Kn ig h t Co llege Reso ur ce Gro up , Tuition Ma na ge m e nt Syst e m s , and Academic Man age m e nt Syste m s . T h ese thr ee firms re p rese nt o n e o f seve ra l so und a lte rnatives fo r fina n c in g a stud e nt 's e du ca tio n.

In fo rmat io n is ma iled Lostu de nt s from th ese co mp a ni es in April.

Ma n y stud e nt s m ay p refe r to arran ge fina n c ing throu g h t he ir loca l b a nk s o r o th e r so ur ces; but if th e re is in te res t in Knig ht Co llege Reso ur ce Gro u p , T uit io n Ma n agem e nt System s , or Academ ic Manage m e nt Services , furth e r information is ava ila bl e up o n req u est from th e Unive rs ity's O ffice of Stu de n t Acco u nts.

Stud en ts are urged to comp lete ,v h a teve r a rra n geme n ts th ey c h oose ea rly , so th a t t h e ir acco unt s w ith th e Uni vers ity m ay b e se tt le d in a time ly mann e r

Advance Payments

Two hundr e d fifty do lla rs ($250) of th e Ge n e ral Fee m u st b e pa id in advance by a ll new st ud e nt s. T his advance pay m ent mu st be m ade up o n acceptance of admiss io n a nd w ill b e c red ited on th e first se m es te r acco unt o f th e snic.lent , b ut is not re fund a b le if th e stud e nt fails to mat ric ula te .

Refund Policy

Stud e nt s are matriculated by semeste r. If a st ud e nt w ithdra ws fro m classes or is dropped from the Uni ve rs ity for wha teve r ca u se , a ref und of fees for a fall or sp ring sem ester shall be made in accordance w ith th e Un ivers ity's ref und policy, based on th e followino b sched ule Thi s sc h ed ule is prorated fo r summer terms. Refunds are made first to any financial program th e s tud ent may be receiving, th e n to any Unive rsity unsettled account, and then to the st ud ent.

Continuing and Readmitted Students

Wit hdr awa l before classes begin ........................

W it hdra wa l during first week o f classes

Wit hdr awa l during second week of classes

Wit hdr awa l durin g third week of classes . .

Withdrawa l durin g fourth week of classes .. .

W ith dra wa l durin g fifth week of classes

Withdrawal durin g sixt h wee k o f classes .........

Withdrawal after sixt h week o f classes

Entering and Transfer Students

As required by Public Law (668 22)

Withdrawal b efo re classes begin .

Withdrawal dur ing firs t wee k of cl asses ..............

Withdrawal durin g second week of classes .

Withdrawa l during third wee k of cla sses .....

Withdrawa l durin g fourth week of cla sses

Withdrawal during fifth wee k of cla sses

Withdrawal during s ix th week of cla sses .

l during seve nth week of classes .. ... ... .

Withdrawal during e ighth week of classes

Withdra wa l during ninth wee k of cla sses ........... . .

Withdrawal during te nth week of clas ses .....

Withdrawal after te nth wee k of cla sses ....... ...

Appeals Process

Fee and Room Refund

The University of Richmond has an appeals pro cess for s tud e nt s and paren ts who believ e individual c irc umstan ces wa rrant exce ptions from publish e d poli cy All appe als must be in writ ing and dir ec te d to Marvin E. Mille r , Assistant Contro lle r , Box R, University of Richmond , VA 23173.

Financial Affairs

Room and Board

Rooms in the Law residence hall are available to sing le students u pon application to the Director of Admissions of the Law School, accompanied by check payab le to University of Richmond in the amount of $250 Ret urning students must reserve a room o n or before the preceding May 1; new stude nts must app ly for a room upon acceptanc e by the schoo l. Availability of rooms is limited. Preference is given to entering students no t from the area

TI1ede posit will be refunded if written notice re le asing the room is received by July 1. If a student occupies the room , the $250 roo m deposit will be credited to his or her account.

The roo m s are furnished. Each student provides his or her own pillow bed linens towels, a nd blank e ts. ' '

The cha rge for room covers medical care by the Unive rsity Student Health Center, but does not cover the cost of medicines , expenses at a hospital , or the services of any additiona l physician or nurse.

Lawstud e nts living on or off the campus are no t re quired to board on campus.

However, severa l board plans are availab le to law students living on or off cam p u s. If a student elects to partic ipate in a m ea l plan, he or she may change from one p lan to another or drop out of the mea l p la n s altogether during the class add period and receive a pro rata refund for board . After th e class add period , no refund for board will be made to a student continuing in classes.

Books

The books , supplies , and necessary study aids for the first year, if purchased new , w ill cost about $400. Second-hand books are available at lower cost. All books may be secured at reasonable prices through the University Bookstore

1994 Summer Session

Ge neral Fee .......... ... .... $3,485

Pait-time student s matriculating for less than 5 se mester hours per term:

Tuition fe e , per sem e ste r hour ... . $695

I, '1 ':i,' 1;,;

FINANCIAL AID

Student aid at the University of Richmond is awarded without regard to race , color, religion, national origin, sex, handicap, or age. Several forms of financial aid are available to law students. The Law School merit scholarship program is administered through the Law School; needbased grants and loans are administered by the University's Financial Aid Office Scholarships and grants are awarded to incoming students. Students receiving them for the first year may receive them again for the second and third year. It is unlikely that other students will receive them for the second or third year.

Law School Scholarship Awards

The Law School awards a limited number of scho larship grants on the basis of character, leadership , scho las tic attainment , and capacity for law study. App lication forms may be obtained from:

Director of Admissions

The TC. Williams School of Law University of Richmond , VA 23173

Endowed Law Scholarships

The E. Ballard Baker Scholarship

Established by alumni and friends in memory of Judge E. Ballard Baker, an alumnus of Richmond College and the Law School who was a widely respected jurist a nd the first Chief Judge of th e Court of Appeals of Virginia.

The Mary Russell and James H. Barnett, Jr. Memorial Scholarship

Alumni and friends of Mary Russell and James H. Barnett, Jr. have funded this scholarship in their memory. Mr. Barnett was a distinguished teacher and scholar who served the Law School for n ea rly half a century.

The W. Richard Broaddus, Jr. Scholarship

Estab lished as a result of a generous bequest by W. Richard Broaddu s, Jr.,a member of the Class of 1921.

The Thomas P. Bryan, Jr. Memo rial Scholarship

Established by the Windsor Foundation in memory of Thomas P. Bryan, one of its trustees, and a member of th e Class of 1947.

The Cantor and Cantor Schola rship

Endowed by the Richmond firm of Cantor and Cantor.

The Fred A. Crowder Memoria l Scholarship

Established by Mrs. Fred A. Crow der and daughters. Mr. Crowder was a m ember of the Class of 1949 .

The John N. Dalton Memorial Scholarship

Estab lished by the University's Board of Trustees in memo1y of their form er colleague, John N. Dalton , who served as the Governor of Virgin ia.

The Carle E. Davis Scholarship

Estab lished by his friends in ho nor of Carle E. Davis, a lon g-time memb er of the Law School faculty, Secreta1y of the University Board of Trustees, alumnus, and prominent attorney

The M. Ray Doubles Scholarshi p

Established in honor of M. Ray Do ubles, former d ean and faculty member of The T.C. Williams School ofLaw, who faithfully served the Law School as an able ad ministrato r and prominent scholar, and spent many years as a re specte d juri st.

The Thomas A. Edmonds Schol arship

Established by members of the Alumni Association and others in honor of Thomas A. Edmonds, a former Dean of th e Law School.

TheWillia m Meade Fletcher Memorial Scholars hip

Establish e d by James W. Fle tch e r in memory of his fa th e r , William Meade Fletche r, a uthor of th e highly res p ec ted treatise o n co rporat e law , Cyclop e dia of the l.,;1\Y of Priva t e Corporations.

The Barry N. Frank Scholarship

Established b y Mrs. Hon ey H. Frank in honor of her so n Barry , a m e mb e r of the Class of 1977.

The Warren B. "Chip" French ill Schola rsh ip

Established b y th e Stud e nt Bar Association in me mory of Warren B . "Chip" French III , a me mbe r o f th e Class of 1981.

The Charles T. Gray Scholarship

Establish e d b y th e Hon. F re d e rick T. Gray in me mor y o f hi s broth e r.

The Edwa rd W. Hudgins Memorial Schola rs hip

Establishe d in 1976 b y Edward M. I Iudgins in memo ry of his fathe r, an a lumnu s of th e L:m· Schoo l and a tru s tee of th e U ni ve rsity of Richmond , who was Chief Ju stice of th e Supreme Cou rt of Virginia , 1947-58.

The Nina R. Kestin Scholarship

Establishe d by h e r family , co lleag u es , and friends in memory of Nin a R. '•Ricki " Kestin, a respected m e mb e r of the Law School fac ulty , 1976-89.

The Harry L. Lantz Scholarship

Establis h ed by IIarr y L. Lantz , a member of the Cla ss of 1943.

The Law School Class of 1958

Scho larshi p

Establ ish e d b y m e mbers of th e Class of 1958.

lif e Insu rance Company of Virginia

Scho lars hip

Establ is hed in 1972 , this scho larship is pro\'ide d thro u ah the b enevo le n ce of the Life Ins urance Company of Virginia.

The McGuire, Woods, Battle & Boothe Scholarship

An an nu a l scho lars hip award is mad e possibl e throu g h an endowmen t given by th e Richmond law firm of McGuire, Woods, Battle & Boothe.

The William T. Muse Memorial Scholarship

Esta blish ed in m emo ry of W illiam T. Mu se , a distinguished member of th e law faculty a nd clean fo r 24 years.

The Elis Olsson Memorial Foundation Scholarship

Established to assist worthy stud e nt s to obta in th e ir lega l ed ucation

The Thomas P. Parsley Memorial Scholarship

Estab lished by his w ife in memory of Thomas P. Parsley , a me mb er of th e Class of 1929.

The Theodora A. Randolph Scholarship

Established b y Mrs. Randolph to ass ist worthy students in th e p ur suit of the ir legal e du cat ion.

Financial Aid

The James D. Rowe Memorial Scholarship

Established by his frie nds in m e mo1y of Jam es D. Rowe , a m e mb e r of th e Class of 1955.

The Charles E. Schelin Scholarship

Estab lished by Mrs. Charles E . Schelin in m e m01y of h e r husband , a memb er of the Class of 1972.

The Sheppard Endowment

Scholarship

Established by an anonymous alumnus and the Lawr e nc e B. Sheppard Foundation.

TheJ. Westwood Smithers Scholarship

Established by hi s fami ly and frie nd s in m e mo1y of J. Westwood Smithers, a lo ngtime member of the Law School facu lty

The Harold F. Snead Memorial Scholarship

Establi s h e d in memo1y of Harold F . Snead, th e former Chi ef Ju st ice o f th e Supreme Court o f Virginia a nd a member of th e Class of 1929

The Sturgill & Sturgill Scholarship

Endo wed by t h e firm of Stur gi ll & Sturg ill, No rton , Virgin ia , to assis t stud en ts from so uth west Virgin ia.

Jean Morris Tarpley Scholarship

Estab lis h ed by th e Class o f 1957 as a twenty-fifth reunion gift in honor of Jean Morris Tarp ley , the Law School 's Director of Admissions.

The Elizabeth N. Tompkins Memorial Scholarship

Establ is h ed by Westhampto n Co llege alumn ae in memo1yofElizabethN. Tompkins to be awarded to an enter ing law stud ent who is a g radua te of Westhampton Co llege

The Virginia District Court Judges' Scholarship

Esta blis h ed by the Law Schoo l's a lu mni w ho are Virgin ia District Court judg es .

The Williams Law Scholarshi p s

Awarded to e nt e rin g o r retu rning stud e nt s of unu s u a l a bility.

The Willard I. Walker Schola rship

Esta bli sh e d by stud e nt s, alu mni, and frie nd s in m e m01y ofJ ud ge Willard I. Walker a promin e nt m e mb er of the Richmoncl bench, and an in stru c to r of trial advocacyat th e Law Sch oo l.

Young Lawyers Section of the Richmond Bar Association Schol arship

Esta blis h ed by the Young Lawyers Section of th e Ric hm ond Bar Association to aid stud e nt s from Richmond and th e surrounding co unti es.

Annually Funded Schola rships

Scholarship awa rd s a re made from funds an nu a lly provided by the following law firms, corporations, group s, and individuals.

Bagwe ll, Bagwe ll & Bagwe ll, Ha lifax, Va

Edwa rd D. Ba rn es, Chesterfield , Va.

Barnes & Barnes, Ch atham , NJ

Bremner, Bab e r & J anus, Richmond , Va.

Brown in g , Morefie ld , Lamie & Sharp, Leba n on, Va

Campbe ll, Campbe ll, Herbert & Harris, Ashl and , Va.

Christ ian, Barton , Epps, Brent & Chappell, Richm ond, Va.

Cowan & Owen , Richmond , Va.

Davis , Davis & Davis , Rocky Mo unt , Va

Floranc e, Gordon & Brown , Richmond, Va.

Gentry , Locke, Rakes & Moor e , Roanoke , Va.

G illesp ie , Ha rt , Altizer & White se ll, Tazewe ll, Va.

Me lin eze V. Godbee Memor ial Sch ola rs hip

Gr iffin, Pappas & Scarbo ro u gh , Portsmouth , Va.

Financial Aid

Hazel & Thomas , Alexandria , Va.

Hirschle r , Fle ische r , Weinberg, Cox & Allen, Rich m o nd , Va .

Hunton & Williams, Ric hmond , Va.

Kaufman & Cano les , No rfolk , Va.

William E. Kirk land , Ric hm o nd , Va.

Law Scho ol Assoc iati o n , Ric hm ond , Va.

Maloney, Yea tts & Barr, Richm o nd , Va.

David J Mays Memorial Scho larship , funde d by Mays & Valentine, Richmo nd , Va.

Mccaul, Martin , Eva n s & Cook, Richmon d , Va.

Mezzullo & Mccand lis h , Ric hm on d , Va.

!Vloody, Strop le & Kloeppel , Ltd. , Po1tsmoutb , Va.

Morchow er, Luxton & Wha ley , Richmon d , Va.

Morris & Morr is , Richmond, Va.

Outten, Barrett, Burr & Sharrett , Empo ria , Va.

Parker, Po lla rd & Brown, Richm o nd , Va.

Parvin, Wi lso n , Barnett & Hopper, Richmon d , Va.

Press , Jo nes , Waechter & Stoneburner Richmon d , Va. '

Pretlow, Easo n & Pr e tlow , Su ffo l k, Va .

Taylor, Haze n & Kauffman Richmo nd , Va. '

Tuck & Con n e lly Professional Associates , Inc., Ric hmond , Va .

Virginia Circuit Court Judges

Williams, Mull e n , Christian & Dobbins, Richmond, Va.

Ebb H. William s III , Martinsvi lle , Va.

Need-Based Financial Aid

App lica nts for n ee d-based fin a n c ial aid must co mp le te both the Free Applicat ion for Federa l Student Aid (FAFSA) and th e University o f Richmond's Financia l Aid Supp lemental Ap plication Prospectiv e s tudents

(includ ing transfers) s h o uld mail the FAFSA by m id-F e bru a r y to e n s ur e r ece ipt a t th e app lica tion pr ocesso r no late r than th e February 25 d ea dlin e d a te .

Specific information reoardino proorams b b b , e lig ibility, and app lica tion procedures can be obta in e d from:

Fin ancial Aid Office

Br un et Memorial Hall

University qfRichmond , VA 23173

(804)289 -84 3 8

Grants

T h e U ni versity of Richmond awa rd s g r ants , within ava ilab le resources, to law st ud ents who can demonstrate substa ntial need. In add ition , the Virgin ia Tuition Gra nt (TAG) program provides aid to Virginia residents atte ndin g private sc hool s in V irg inia.

Loans

Loan progr ams are ava ilabl e through a variety o f so ur ces to h e lp s tud ents finance their la w schoo l ed u cat ion. Private so ur ces include the Law Access Loans a nd Law Stude nt Loans Loan programs from fede r a l so ur ces includ e th e Perkins Loan and th e Stafford Loan. Applications fo r th ese loans typ icall y require the comp let io n of th e FAFSA plus separate lo an app lica tio n s.

Veterans Benefits

Students e lig ibl e to r eceive e du cat io n a l benefits und e r Veterans Readjustment Acts , or o th e r laws fo r veterans, act ive se rv ice p ersons, c hildr e n , wives or w id ows of d eceased or di sa bl ed veterans, must s ubmit appl ica tions to the Veterans Admin is tration (VA) prior to reg istr a tion. Ce rtifica tes of e ligibility rece ived from th e VA must b e pr ese nt e d to th e Veterans Administration Coordinator in the Registrar's Office .

STIJDENT ACTIVITIES

The Law Review

Th e Univers ity of Ri chm ond Law R ev iew is a lega l p e rio di ca l publi s h e d four tim es a yea r b y a stud e nt s ta ff und e r ge n e ra l s up e rv isio n o f a bo ard a nd a fac ul ty a d v iso r. W ith so m e e mpha s is o n Virg ini a law, th e Law Review pr ese nt s th e r es ul ts o f sc ie nt ific s tud y a nd sc h o la rly in ves tigat io n of p ract ica l lega l pr o bl e m s of c urr e nt int e res t to th e pro fess io n. Articles a re w ritte n b y law professo rs, jud ges , and p rac tic ing lawye rs . No tes a nd co rru11ent s o n rece nt d ec isions a nd s ta tut es a re pr epa re d b y stud e nt s Me mb e rs hip o n th e Law R eview is o n e o f th e hi g h es t h o nor s a ttain ab le b y a s tud e nt. Thi s wo rk a ffo rd s s tud e n ts va lu ab le tr a inin g in rese ar c h , a n a lys is, a nd se lf-ex pr ess io n. In th e o pinion o f man y, thi s ex p e rie n ce p rov id es so m e o f t h e b es t tra inin g th e sc h oo l b as to o ffe r.

McNeill Law Society

Th e McNe il! Law Soc iety is n a m e d in m e m o r y o f W a lte r Sco tt McNe il!, be love d prof esso r in th e sc h oo l fro m 190 5 to 1930

Me mb e rs hip is limit e d to stud e nt s w h o r a n k in th e to p te n p e rce nt o f th e ir class

Student Bar Association

Th e Stud e n t Ba r Associat io n is th e Law

Sch oo l's stud e nt gove rnm e nt. Thi s o rga nization pr o m o tes a nd fos te r s m a n y ext rac u rricul a r ac tiv ities . Th e Stud e nt Ba r Assoc iatio n co n sists o f a pr es id e nt , v i ce p res id e n t , sec re ta ry, a nd treas ur e r w h o a r e e lecte d b y th e ent ire stud e n t b o d y . Th e Stud e nt Co unc il, th e d ec is io n -m a kin g b o d y o f th e Stud e nt

Ba r Assoc ia tio n , is co mp ose d o f th ese o ffice rs a nd two c irc uit re pr ese nt at ives fro m eac h cla ss in th e Law Sc h oo l. Th e Stud e nt

Ba r Assoc ia tio n is d es ig n e d to ass is t law stud e nt s in a va rie ty o f ways It s p o n s or s va rio u s ac tiv ities a nd proj ects, includin g first-yea r ori e nt a tio n , a s p ea k e r's pro g ra m , and o th e r s ocial eve nt s through o ut th e yea r.

Other Student Organiz atio ns

Th e re a re num e rou s othe r stud ent organi za tio n s . Th e Moo t Co urt Board a nd Client Co un se ling a nd Nego tia tion Bo ard administe r th e co mp e titio n s d esc ribed on page 18

Two pr o fess io n a l lega l frate rn ities, Phi Alph a De lta a nd Phi De lta Phi , sponsor a va riety o f pr og ra m s on s u b jects of professio n a l in te res t. Th e lega l fraterni ties ow 1s io n a lly h os t ce rta in soc ia l event s. In aclclit io n , a t t h e Law Sch oo l th e re is a chapter of Th e Blac k Law Stud e n t Associa tion (BALSA); a Wo m e n 's Law Stu d e nt s Assoc iation; a Multi -Ethni c Law Stu d e n ts Associat ion (MLSA); c h a pt e rs o f t h e Na tional Lawyers G uild a nd th e Fe d e ra list Societ y; a Health Care Law Fo rum; En v iro n me n tal Law Socie ty , th e Virg inia T ria l Lawyers Association, Chr istia n Lega l Soc iety , a n d a Publi c Interest Law Assoc ia tio n (P ILA).

Awards

The Charles T. Norman Medal is given a nnu a lly to th e b es t a ll-aro un d law graduate as d ete rm ine d b y th e law facu lty.

The J. Westwood Smither s Medal was es tab lishe d in h onor o f Professor Emeritus J. Wes twoo d Smit h e rs w h o retired in 1979 a fte r mor e th a n 40 years of servi ce to the U ni ve rsity of Ric hm o nd Law School. The Smit h e rs Med a l h o n o rs th e m emb er of the g ra du a tin g cl ass w h o h as th e h igh est cumula tive g ra d e p o int ave rage

The William S. Cudlipp,Jr . Medal , establish e d in h o n o r of P ro fessor Emerit us Willia m S. Cucllipp,Jr. , is awa rd e d to th e student w h o h as th e hi g h es t c umul a tive grade ~oil1;. ave rage a t th e e ncl o f th e second ye,u 0 law sc h oo l.

The Michie Company Prize , a co py of the Co d e o f Virg ini a , is pr ese nt e d ann ually to th e seco nd -ye ar stud e nt w h o h as attained

the highes t sc h o las ti c ave r age durin g th e first yea r o f law sc h oo l.

The Lawye rs Co-Operative Publishing Compa ny , l3an c ro ft-Whitn ey Co mpan y awards c re dit vo u c h e rs a nd ce rtifica tes o f such a\\'a rds to th e s tud e nt s ea rnin g th e highest g rac.les in s p ec ifie c.l law sc h oo l courses.

The West Publishing Company a\va rcls selected \ o lu m es to th e s tud e nt s in eac h class \Yhom the fac ul ty d ee m to h ave m a d e the most s ign ifica nt co ntributi o n to lega l scho larsh ip.

The Uni ted States Law Week Award is made ann ua lly to th e s lue.le nt w h o mak es the most sc ho last ic prog ress c.luring t h e fin a l year in law sc h oo l.

The Inter national Academy of Trial Lawyers Student Advocacy Award is a\Yarded a nnua lly to th e se ni o r law s tuc.len t \\ ho has c.lis ti n g ui s h ecl him se lf o r h e rse lf in the field o f t ria l a d vocacy

The Willia m T. Muse Torts Award w as establish e d by th e Slue.le nt Bar Assoc iati o n in honoro fW illiam T. Mu se , form e r clea n o f the La\\' Sch oo l. Thi s awa re.Iis g ive n to th e first-year s tuc.lenl rece iv in g th e hi g h es t g ra c.le in torts

Student Activities / Awards

The Virginia Trial Lawyers Association Advocacy Award is a cas h pri ze whi c h is g ive n to a s tud e nt w h o h a s di s tin g uished him se lf or her se lf in co ur ses ha v in g a s ignifica nt litiga tion ori e ntati o n .

The Edward D. Barnes Criminal Law Award is a cas h p rize awa re.lee! to th e seco n d-yea r st u de n t earning t h e hi g h es t g rac.lc in each section of t h e first-yea r Crimin a l Law co ur se.

The Edward S. Hirschler Real Property Award is a c a s h pr ize aw are.le e.I to th e seco nc.1-yea r s lue.le nt e arnin g th e highest g ra c.le in eac h sec tio n of th e first-ye ar pr o pe rt y co ur se . Thi s a wa re.I is pr ese nt e d b y Sa nd ra D . Co le m an an c.lT h o m as R. Kle in , m em b e rs o f th e Class of 1978, in h o nor o f J\Ir. Hir sc hl er, a prom inen t rea l pro p e rty a tt o rn ey .

The Kestin Memorial Prize is occas io na 11 y awa re.le e! b y th e fac ult y at co mm e n cem e nt to a gradu a te w h o h as m ac.le an ex tr ao rc.linary co ntributi o n Lo th e sc hool. Th e pri ze is nam e c.lin m e m o ry o f Pr o fe s s or N ina R. ( "Ric ki ") Kes lin , w h o was a tax pr o fesso r a t t h e sc h oo l from 1976 until h e r untim e ly d ea th in 1989.

CURRICULUM

First-Year Courses

Th e fo llow in g co ur ses to ta ling 30 semes te r h o ur s ar e pr esc rib e d :

Civil Procedure. (515) Int ro du ct io n , w ith e mph as is o n federa l law, to rul es gove rnin g ju r is di ct io n , ve nu e, s er vice o f p rocess, pl ea din gs, jo in de r , d iscovery, s umm ary a djudi cat io n , tria l , ju dg m e n ts, dir ec t a nd co llate ral a ttac k o n jud g m en ts, a pp e llate p rocedure , a nd ch o ice o f law in civil litiga tio n. 4 sem. hrs.

Constitutional Law. (503) Int ro du ct io n to co n st it utio n a l p rob le m s, incl u d in g pr o bl e m s r e lat in g to th e de finin g a nd ra is ing o f co n s tituti o n a l qu est io n s; t h e fe d e ral sys te m; a nd a n in trod u ctio n t o judi c ia l p ro tectio n o f indi vidual libe rties . Emph as is o n p a rts o f t h e Co n s titu tio n m os t fre qu e ntl y invo lve d in litiga tio n . 4sem . h rs.

Contracts. (513) Bas ic e leme nt s of co n tract law

Str ess on th e ag ree m e nt p rocess, i.e ., o ffe r and acce ptan ce, co n sid e rati o n , a nd s ub stitut es fo r co ns idera tio n. Avoid a n ce o f co ntr ac tual ob liga tions, co nditio n s, p e rform a n ce a nd br eac h o f co ntr ac ts a re exa min e d as a re di sc h a rge o f co ntr actua l du ties a nd re me d ies . Third -p a rty b e n e ficia ries, ass ig nm e nt s, a nd ille g al co ntr acts m ay b e exa min ed . Th e Uni fo rm Co mmer c ia l Co d e a nd t h e Resta teme nt e mph as ize d through o ut. 4 sem . h rs

Criminal Law. (506) So ur ces o f crimin a l law; co n st itu t io nal limita tio n s o n p owe r to crea te a nd d e fine c rim es; e le m e nt s o f crim es; co ndu ct, m en tal sta te , c au sat ion ; s p ec ific o ffe n ses, in cludin g h o mi c id es, sex offe n ses, la rce n y, a n d oth e r pr o p e rty o ffe n ses ; d efe n ses of mi s ta k es, infan cy, compul s io n , int oxicat io n , in s anit y; a tt e mpt; s oli c it a ti o n ; co n s pir acy ; accessorys hip. 3 sem. hrs .

Environmental Law. (520) Usin g e n v iro nm e nt a l la w as th e ve hicle , a n intr o du c t io n to th e d yn am ics o f r eg ul a to ry and s tatut o ry law . Con s id e rs th e w a ys in w hi c h vari o u s le ga l in stituti o n s- leg islatur es , a dministrati ve agenci es , and t h e co urt s - res p o n d to en v ironm e nt a l issu es 3 sem. hrs.

Lawyering Skills 1-11.(517-518) Inn ov ati ve pro g ram introducing first- a nd sec ond -ye ar law stud e nt s to e ss ent ial la wye ring ski lls including leg a l anal ys is , w riting, resea rc h , intervie w in g, co un se ling , n e gotiat ion , draft ing, and tria l and app e lla te a d v oca cy 2- 2 se m. hrs

Property. (516) Introducti o n to prop e rty laws, w ith empha s is on th e con ce pt s of title and po ssess io n of p e rsona l a nd r e al prop e rty ; finde rs and bai lm e nt s; right s and re m edie s of th e po ssess or ; donativ e tran sact ion s ; rights of th e bona fid e purc h a se r ; h ist o ric al

bac kgro und o f r ea l p rop e rty law; es tates in land; co n curr e n t ow n e rs hip ; co nveya n cing an d future inte res ts afte r th e Sta tu te of Uses; Statute of Frauds · co nt rac ts, d ee d s a nd m o rtgages in th e sale of land'. reco rd at io n a nd title exa min a tion; cove nants, ease'. m e nt s, a n d lice n ses in th e u se of la nd. 4 sem. hrs

Torts . (514) Lia b ility for pe rso n a l in juries and injuries to p ro p e r ty . In cl u des a n a lys is of variou s intentional to rt th eo ries, th e co n ce p ts o f neg ligen ce and strict liab ility, a nd th e pri v ileges a n d defen ses which may ap pl y to ac tio n s bro ug h t in tor t. May include treatment of o n e o r m ore s p ec ia l o r emerg ing areas such as prod u c ts lia bili ty , m is rep rese n ta tion, privacy, defamatio n , mi s u se o f lega l procedu res, o r interference with a d va nt ageo u s re la tio n s h ip s 4 sem. hrs.

Required Upper-Level Cours es

Th e follo win g upp e r-lev e l cours es totaling 6 se m es te r h o ur s a re pr esc ribed:

Lawyering Skills ID-IV. (598-599 ) Continuation of th e inn ova tive prog ra m beg un in th e first year, introd u c ing stu de n ts t o esse n tia l lawyeri n g skills including lega l a na lys is, w riting , researc h , in terviewing, counse lin g, n ego tia tio n , dr a fting , a n d trial and appellate a d vocacy . Lawyer ing Sk ills III-IV m u st be taken during th e second yea r. 2-2 sem. hrs.

Professional Responsibility. (605 ) Ethical stand ar d s of th e lega l pro fess io n, includi ng judicial ethics a nd un a uth o rize d pr act ice. 2 sem. hrs

In addition to th ese co ur ses , students must su cce s sfully compl e te a writing requir e m e nt as s ta te d on p ag e 28. The courses through whi ch thi s re quir emen t can be s ati sfie d ar e includ e d in th e follow ing list The notation Meets third-ye ar wri ting requirement a pp e ars afte r th e d escription of som e of th ese cour s e s . Oth er co urseswill occasionally b e structured in a format so as to meet the requirem e nt. Th e list of courses offe re d, publi s h e d e ach y e ar by the Law School indicates all th e cour ses offered that , y e ar through which this re qui rement can b e satisfied

Second-or Third-Year Elective eourses

Administrative Law. (607) Surv ey of the nature, purpo se and function s of fe d e ral and state admini5t1~t ive a g enci es . Co ve rage includ es an analy sis of proce-

<luresand prac tice s before s u ch agencies, enforcementof agency decision s, judicial review and co ntrol of agency use of governmenta l power. 3 sem. hrs. Admiralty. (6 08) Law of m a ritim e com me rce, o f ships, seame n, a n d cargo. An intr od u ct ion to th e special federa l syste m of adm ira lty practi ce, fo llowe d by examinatio n of the laws governing marin e transportation, oc ea n pollution , a nd industri a l acc ident s to crewmembe rs and h a rb o r workers. 3 sem. hrs.

Advanced Constitutional Law. (609) Individual rights, particu larly iss u es in th e First , Thirt ee nth , and Fifteenth Ame ndments n o t cove re d in the ba s ic co urse. Topics include reapportionment , re lig io n , obsce nity , government inves tigat ion, the rig ht to know , co mmercialspeech, libel , and inadeq uaci es in th e Supr e me Cour t to pro tec t righ ts. 3 sem. hrs.

Advanced Family Law Seminar. (703) Thro u g h th e medium of hypot h e tica l clients, select e d fam ily law issues, from co urtship through d ivo rce, w ill b e analyzed in de ta il. Role p layi ng a nd g u est lecturers w ill be utilized. Sub miss ion of a s ub stantial resea rc h paper and oral pre se ntation a re required. 2 sem. hrs. Meets third-yea r wri ting requirement

Advance d Real Estate Transactions. ( 611) Surv eys modern rea l estate transact io ns, s u c h as co nd o miniums, coope ratives, sa les and leasebacks, lease hold mortgages, FHA and VA financing , tax co n se quences, title insurance, co ns tru ction loan agree m e nt s, and shopping ce nter leases. 3 sem. hrs.

Advanced Torts. (659) Cove rs o n e o r m ore spec ia lized topics that ca nnot be cove re d in th e ba s ic To rts course. The topics includ e injuri es to trad e re lations, like toitious inter fe re n ce w ith cont ra ctu a l rig ht s, misappropriation of trad e sec re ts, a nd unf a ir co mpetition or dignitary interests s u c h as d efa m at io n , privacy , or publicity rights. 2 sem. br s.

Advanced Trial Practice . (632) Re fines a nd builds on the skills cove red in Trial Practi ce o r Lawye ring Skills by us ing mor e co mplex c ivil and c riminal problems, a nd files d eve loped by th e Na tiona l In st itute for Trial Advocacy for training th e more ex p e rienced trial advocate. Sp ec ial e mpha s is o n th e d eve lopment of a case th eo ry and th e ch oosing of an appropriate case theme for th e mor e co mpl ex case. Covers use of demonstrat ive ev id e n ce , including photographs, chart s, w hite boards ov e rh ea d s v ideos and computer sim ulati o ns Prer;quisit e: La~yer in~ Skills Ill (59 8) 2 sem. brs.

Agency and Partnership . (612) Age ncy re lat io nships; cont ractua l liab ility of principal s ( di s clo se d and undisclosed), age nts and third partie s; a uthority and rattfrcation; termination of agency; tort liab ility in master-serva nc rela tio n s hi ps· partnershi J) · c rea tion ri h ' ' g_ts and d uties of partn e rs, di sso lut io n o f partn e rships· ficl · d • , uc 1a1y utres of agen ts 2 sem. brs.

Alternate Dispute Resolution. (610) Deve lopment of s kills in certa in disp ute reso lution tec hniques , inclu di ng negotiation, arbitration , mediation , and minitria ls Enrollment limite d. 2-3 sem. brs.

AmericanJudicialBiography. (638) Exam ines th e lives of prominent jurists to see how th e ir personal expe rie n ces inform ed th e ir careers as jurists and their judi c ia l philosophies. Among the indiv idua ls studied a re Holmes, Black , Frankfurter , Brand e is, Traynor , and Lea rned H a nd. 2 sem. brs . Meets third-year writing requirement .

American Legal History (620) Topic s ce ntr a l to the deve lopme nt of American law , from the seve nteenth thr o ug h the tw e n tieth ce ntury , inclu d ing recept ion of Eng lis h law, evolut ion o f the lega l profession a nd lega l e du cat io n , sch oo ls of histo rical sch o la rs hi p , a nd or igins of se lected lega l doct rines. 2 sem. brs.

Antitrust . (613) Control o f privat e eco n om ic power in th e Unite d States, focu sing on the law rega rding m o nopo lies, mer gers, and restrictive business pr actices as regulated b y the Sher man and Clayton acts. Some atte ntion to ot he r fe deral antitrust legis lation s uc h as th e Fed e ra l Trad e Comm ission Act an d state a ntitru st e nforc e m en t. 3 sem. brs.

Bankruptcy. (704) Liquidation and reo rgan iza tion pro cee dings und er th e federal Bankrupt cy Code. 3 sem. brs.

Bioethics . (717) Sem inar with p rimar y focus on bio et hica l legal iss ues that co nfront soc ie ty to da y Among top ics to be cons id e red : distin ction s, if an y, between ethica l and lega l iss ues; philo sop hical mode ls fo r a nal yz ing bi oe thical iss u es , in c luding d eo ntological mode ls ( rules a nd rig hts), te leog ica l mod e ls ( utilitarian , economic), and mode ls of care; info rmed co n se nt a nd autonomy ve rsu s utility deba te; ge n e tic e ng inee ring; s ho rtag es o f o rgan su pply; termina tion of life support; qu a lity of life iss ues; b eg inning ca re and infants ; cost iss ues , includin g how mu c h to trea t , and the cost of tec hn ology ve rsu s other soc ie ta l va lues . 2 sem. brs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

Business Planning. (668) Transacti o n al co ur se analyz ing co rporate , tax , sec urities , finan ce, a ntitru st , and acco unting aspects o f s ig nifica nt co rporate eve nts. Tran sac tion s in wh ic h th ese issues are exam ined includ e co rporat e organizat io ns, fin a nc ings. distributio ns and rec apitulation s, liquid atio ns, acquis itio n s an d me rge rs Enrol /m e n I li111itecl.Prereq11isile:Corporation s (602) 3 se m. hrs.

Children and the Law. (616) Dev e lo pm en ts in ha ndling juven ile pro ble ms. Emphas is o n pr oced urai ramifica tio ns of rece nt co urt a n d leg is lative a tte mpt s to refo rm the juve nile ju stice sys te m, and e me rging iss u es in lega l e nforce me nt o f c hildr e n 's rig ht s.

3 sem. brs.

· I 1.', 'ii ,1

Curriculum/Second -or Third -Year Elective Courses

Civil Placement Program . (750) Pla ce m e n ts mad e in a vari e ty of leg al o ffices d e aling with ci vil matt e rs such as le ga l a id organi zat ion s and e nvironm e nt a l foundation s . Two hour cla ss room compon e nt requ ired. Graded pa ss- fail. See Director qf Clini cal Placem e nt Program for mor e details. 4-6 se m. hr s Commercial Paper and Payment Systems. (618) °Lawrelating to ,ie go tia bl e ins trum e nt s, bank d e p o sits and co llec tio n s, and e lec tro ni c m o n ey tran s fe rs, w ith empha s is on Articles 3 , 4, a nd 4A of th e Unifo rm Comm e rcial Co d e , th e Exp e dit e d Fund s Ava ila bility Act , and Reg ulati o n CC. 2-3 se m h rs

Comparative Public Law of the U.S. and U.K. (694) ( Offe re d o nly in th e Ca mbridg e Uni ve rs ity Program. ) Exa min es a nd co mpar es und e rly ing principle s of co ns t itut io na l and admini str a tive law in th e U.S. and th e U .K. 2 se m. hrs

Comparative Law. (714) O ve rvie w of pro ce dur a l and s ub stanti ve prin c iples o f c i v il , Is lami c a nd soc ia list le gal traditi o n s . Atte nti o n to histori cal und e rpinnin gs o f traditi o n s a nd to law makin g a nd judi cia l ins titutio n s w ithin lega l sys te ms as we ll a s to th e prin c ipl es of law 2 se m. hr s.

Conflict of Laws. (621) Law re latin g to ac ts a nd tran s a ctio ns in w hi c h a n y o p e ra tive fac t occ ur s o uts ide the stat e w he re lega l pro cee din gs a re ins titut e d , or w hi c h invo lve o th e r s ig nifica nt ex tr as tate e le me nt s. Th e th eo re tica l b ases o f co nflic t o f laws, includin g th e probl e m s of re n uoi a nd o f qualifi cation s . 3 se m. hrs .

Comparative Constitutional Law. (727) Co n s ide rs variou s co n s tituti o na l m o d e ls. Stud e nt s in tea ms w ill draft co mpl e te co n s tituti o n s a nd se ts o f co mm e nt a ry. 2 se m. brs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

Construction Law. (617) Iss ues p ec ulia r to co nstru c tio n p rojec ts fro m th e p e rs p ec tive of th e va rio us p a rti cip a nt s , includin g deve lo p e r , co ntr actor , a rc hitec t , a nd le nd e r a nd o n di s put e avo ida n ce a nd resolutio n tec hni q u es. In cl udes nego tia tio n a nd dr a fting of co n s tru c tio n - re late d co ntra c ts . 2 se m. b rs

Consumer Protection. (622) Sur vey of pri vat e a nd publi c law prot ec tio n affo rd e d con s um e rs, b eg innin g with an an a lys is o f th e co mmon la w tort o f de ce pti o n and ex te ndin g thr o ug h mos t ar eas of publi c reg ulatio n , includin g th ose p o lice d b y th e Fe d e ra l T racie Co mmi ss io n. Emph as is o n a ppli cati o n o f fe d e ra l sta tutes s u c h as th e Co ns um e r Cre dit Pr o tec tio n Ac t a nd th e Mag nu so n-Moss Wa rra nt y Ac t. Ex clud es produ c t lia bilit y co nce pt s. 3 se m. hrs

Contract Drafting Seminar. (721) Co ur se e ngages s tudent s in tran sac tio n a nal ys is, including id e ntif ying client (and third p a rty) o bjec tives, parti es' ar e a s o f agreement or di sag ree m e nt , and pro viding conting e ncy planning in th e eve nt of dispute s regarding th e parties ' r ight s and duti es . Stud e nt s structur e agr eements , plan for po ss ible di s put es, predict how parti es

b e ha ve , a nd see k a ppropri a te cla rity of language Enr o llme nt limite d. 2 se m. brs

Contract Theory. (711) Anal ys is of lead ing traditio nal a nd mod e m th e ori es o f co ntractu al relations hip s Ex plo rat ion of e ffec t of th ese th eories on major co ntr ac t rul es s u c h as tho se rega rdin g cont ract formatio n , co ns tru c tio n of co ntr ac t te rm s, and remedies.2 se m hr s Meets third-ye ar wri t i 11g requirement .

Corporate Finance. (689) Adva nced corp oratecourse des ig n e d to d eve lo p awa re n ess of th e ra nge of legal iss ues in vo lve d in publi c a nd pri vate funding of ac tiv ities o f a co rp o ra tio n. Pre req u isite: Corporation s (60 2) 3 se m brs.

Corporate Reorganization. (705) Study of corpora te me rge rs, a cqui s itio n s, a nd recapitali zation of inso lve nt co rporation s, includin g issu es related to taxa tio n , sec urities reg ulatio n , acco un ting, and creditor's rig ht s Pre req ui s ite: Co rp o ra tio ns (602) 2-3 sem. hrs.

Corporate Taxation (623) In come taxation of corp ora tio ns a nd th e ir s h a re h o lde rs u nd e r the Internal Reve nu e Co d e. T op ics inclu de class ification of the b u s iness e nti ty, fo rm a tio n o f a co rpo ratio n and transfe r of p ro p e rty to a n ex is tin g co r po ration, distribut io n s , re d e mpti o n s , stoc k di vide nd s , a nd liqu idations Pr e re q11is it e: F e d e r a l In co m e Ta x ati on. (601) 3 sem. h rs.

Corporations. (602) Or ga ni zat io n and p romotionof co rp o ra tio ns, di s tributi o n o f p ower b e tween manage rs a nd s har e ho lde rs, fidu c ia ry o bligation s of manage rs to co rp ora tio n and s h a re h o lde rs , and of s hareholde rs a m o ng th e m se lves; co ntr o l o f insid e r trading and pr o fit ta kin g , me rge rs , mea ns of prot ect ing shareho lde r rig ht s thr o ug h d e riva tive s uits and app raisal re m e d ies , ca pit a l s tru ctur e , d iv idend s and other corpora te d is tributi o n s; s p ec ia l p ro blem s o f close corpo· rat io ns. 4 sem brs

Creditor's Rights. (624) Pr ob lems and remedies in d e bt o r-c re dit o r re la tio ns hip , w ith e m p hasis on reme di es a vail a bl e und e r sta te law. Top ics include enfo rce me nt o f jud g m e nt s, ga rnis hm e nt , attachment, exe mpti o n s, fra udul e nt co n veya n ces , com positions. a nd ass ig nm e nt s fo rth e b e n e fit o f c red itors 3sem./m

Crintlnal Placement Program. (75 1) Placements m a d e in va rie ty o f leg al o ffices dea ling wit h criminal ma tte rs s u c h as t h e Co mm o n wea lth Au orn ey and the Publi c D efe nd e r. T wo- ho ur classroom component req uir e d. G ra d e d pa ss- fail. See Director ofCli uical Place m en t P rogra m fo r m o re de tai ls. 4-6 sem.Im CrintlnalProcedure. (603) Imp o rtan t p roblemsand f 1 , · crimmal c a ses 111 a re a of clue pr ocess o dW 111 pro sec ution s, including th e to pics o f arrest , searchancl se izu re, e le ctronic eav es dropp ing, rig ht to counsel. p o lice inte rrogat ion s and conf ess io ns, and fair tnal free pr ess 3 sem. hrs.

Criminal Pro cess. (625) Fe d e ral and Virginia pr ocedures at var io u s st a ges o f a c rimin a l pro sec uti o n , includingba il, p re limin a ry h ea ring s, indi c tment s , cliscove,y, spee dy tri a l, doubl e je opard y, pl e a bar g aining, jury selec tio n , ve nu e, a nd juri s di c tio n. 2 se m. hrs Disabilities Law Seminar. (706) Law a nd p o licy issuesrelate d to ass urin g rig ht s o f p eo pl e w ith di sa bilities, including fe d e ra l a nd s ta te c o n s titutional a nd statutory pro tec tio n s . To pi cs includ e th e Am e rica n s with Disabilities Act , D eve lo pm e nt a l Di sa biliti es Ac t , The Educatio n fo r All H a ndi ca pp e d o f Childr e n Ac t , Section 504 o f th e Re h a bilit a tio n Ac t o f 1973, Ea rly Intervention P rog ram for Infant s and T o ddl e rs, h o u sing, commun ity serv ices , e ntitl e m e nt s, vo ting , fa mil y right,and em ploy m e nt. Enr o llm e nt limit ed. 2 se m . hrs. Meets thir d -y ear writing requirement.

Education Law. (627) Lega l iss ue s s urr o undin g e ducation in grades K thr o u g h 12 , includin g co mpul so ry schooling, use of tax c re dit s a nd o th e r m ea n s o f financinged u ca t io n , re lig io n in th e sc h oo ls, t ex tb oo k review, free do m o f ex pr ess io n is s u es, clue pr ocess and discipl ine, a nd co mp e te n cy ro le in e du ca tio n 2 sem. hrs.

Elder Law. ( 619) Lega l iss u es in adv is in g e ld e rly clients, incl ud ing po we rs o f a tto rn ey, livin g w ills, advance me di ca l d irec tives , int e r v ivos tru sts, U ni fo rm Custodial Tr us t Act , Soc ia l Sec urit y, Me di ca re a n d other hea lth- re late d m a tte rs, Suppl eme nt a l Sec urit y Income, Medi ca id, pl a nnin g to a vo id loss o f a sse ts in the event of lo ng- te rm illn ess, a nd p ro bl e m s o f lega l incompetency. 2 sem. hrs.

Employee Be nefits and Deferred Compensation. (630) Introduct io n to fe d e ra l tax a nd labor laws relating to the des ig n , o p e ra tio n , te rmin a tio n , a nd distribution of be n e fits from q u a lified a n d n o n -q u a lified employee we lfare a nd be n e fit p la n s, s u c h as profit-sharing, mo n ey pur c h ase, d e fin ed b e n e fit, e mployee stock bon u s a nd stoc k ow n e rs hip p lan s; a n d federal tax laws re la tin g to s toc k o p t ion a n d d e fe rr ed compensatio n p la n s. 2 sem. hrs.

Employm en t Discrimination Law . (628) An a lys is of theories unde rly in g e mp loy m e n t di sc rimin a tio n law. Examinat ion o f t h e va rio u s s ta tut es pro hi b it in g discriminatio n in em pl oy m e n t , in cl u d in g Titl e VJ! o f t'.1e Civil Right s Act o f 1964, Age D isc rimin a tio n in Employmen t Act, Am e rica n s w ith Di sab ilities Act CivilRights Act of 1866 , a nd t h e judi c ia l int e rpr e ta tio~ of those stat ut es 3 sem. hrs.

The Employme nt Relation. (629) A n a lys is o f stat uto,y and co mmo n law reg ul a tio n o f th e e mpl oy m e nt relationship · I 1· . , me u c m g e m p loye r test m g and m fo rm at,on gathe ring , wage a nd h o ur reg ul a tio n OS I-IA workers · ' ' com p e nsat io n , w ro n g ful di sc h a rge a nd o th e r common law ac tio n s c h a lle n g ing clisc har ae un e mployment c · "' ' o mp e n sa t, o n , a nd ER.ISA Co n s id e ra tio n of whatrol J I et 1e aw s h o ul d pl ay in vari o u s aspec ts of th e employment re lat io n ship 3 sem b rs

Energy Law. (666) ( Offered irregu larly .) Compariso n o f co mm o n law a nd statut o ry sc h e m es fo r develo pin g foss il and n o n -fo ss il e n e rgy alt e rnati ves; mine ral d eeds, ro y a lty tran sfe rs , oil a nd gas leases, dr illing and mining right s and privil eges, reactor lic en s ing and lia bilit y; imp a ct o f e n v ironm e nt a l, safety , a nd e con o mi c reg ul a tio n o n d eve lo pm e nt. 2 sem . h rs

Entertainment Law. (700) Iss u es of la w a nd policy aff ec tin g th e e nt e rta inment indu s try. 2 sem brs.

EnvironmentaL Law: Coastal Zone Management Seminar. (673) Exa min es th e co nflic ts in reso ur ce all oca tio n w ithin th e coas tal zo n e. Enrollm e nt limited. 2 sem brs

Environmental Law: Control ofWater Resources. (601) Thi s class a ddr esses th e Fe d e ral W a te r P o llution Co ntr o l Ac t ( FW P CA) -it s s tru c ture , reg ulation s, am e ndm e nt s, a nd eco n o mi c impli c ation s . 2 se m. hrs.

Environmental Law: Environmental Dispute Resolution . (724) Foc u s on th e inc re a s in g int e res t in th e u se o f a lte rn a tive di sput e reso lution (ADR) techni q u es, s u c h as m e di a tio n a nd n eg oti a tio n , to res o lve e n v iro nm e nt a l di sp u tes Co mbin a tio n o fl ec tur es , s imula tio n exe rc ises, a n d d isc u ss io n s to lea rn a b o ut , a nd appl y, e n v ironm e nt a l ADR tec hni q u es, including princ ipl e d n ego tiati o n , n ego tiat ed rul e makin g, a nd e nviro nm e n ta l m e di a tio n . Simul a tio n s a ppl y re leva nt sta te a n d fede ra l laws app lica bl e to so lid a nd h aza rdou s was te prob le m s, s u c h a s recycl in g, h aza rd o u s was te di s p osa l, a nd sitin g o f solid w a s te la ndfill s a nd incine ra tors (a nd th e NIMBY p rob le m). Rev iew o f variou s p e rspec tives o n di sp ut e reso lu t io n , a nd o n go ing d eb ate ove r u sin g ADR in e n v iro nm e ntal d is put es No pri o r b ac k g round in e n v ironm e nt a l law and p o licy is re quir ed. Pre requ isi te: En v iro nm e ntal Law ( 520) . 2 sem. hrs. Enr o llm e n t limi te d .

Environmental Law: Implementing Public Policy . (715) Stud e nt s famili a rize th e m se lves w ith a maj o r fede ra l e n vi ro nm e nt a l s ta tut e a t va rio u s stages: p e rce ived pu b lic n eed, ea rly leg is la tive proposa ls, dr a fting, e n ac tm e nt , reg ul a tio n , impl e m e nt a tio n , judi c ia l in te rpr e ta tio n , a n d rea uth o rizat io n. 3 se m. h rs

Environmental Law: Environmental Jurisprudence. (697) Co n te mp ora ry env iro n me n ta l proble m s a nd lega l, p o lit ica l, leg is lative , a nd a dmi n ist ra tive res p o n ses to th e m , inclu d ing t h e lawye r 's rol e a s p o licy m a ke r as o p pose d to advoca te o r co un se lo r. Th eo1y a n d u nde rly in g po licy of th e syste m s fo r e n v iro nm e nt a l ris k assess m en t an d ba la n ci n g a re co n s id e red Enr o llm e nt limi te d. 2 sem. hrs. Meets third-year writing requirement .

Environmental Law: Litigation and Practice . ( 671) Iss u es trea te d inclu de co un se lin g of cli e n ts in p e rmittin g a nd reg ul ato ry re quir e m e nt s, pr e p a rati o n for fo rm a l a n d in fo rm a l age n cy pr ocee din gs, a dmini st rat ive h ea rin g pr act ice a n d b uildin g a reco rd , a p pea ls o f age n cy d ec is io n s, p ro bl e m s of co mpli a n ce a nd e n -

forcement by administrat ive a nd judicia l a c tion. 2 sem. hrs.

Environmental Law: Solid Waste and Toxic Material. (699) Focu s primari ly o n two fe d e ral sta tutes-th e Reso ur ce Co nse ,vation and Recove 1y Act (RCRA) and th e Co mpr e h e n s ive En vironm e nt a l Res ponse , Compe n sation and Liability Act (CERCLA) , a s we ll as lead ing judicial in te rpr e tations of th e ac ts. In add itio n , comp le m e nt a 1y s tat e law exami n e d. 2 sem. hrs.

Estate and Gift Taxation. (633) Taxes imp osed o n testamentary a nd inte r vivos tran s fe rs , intri cacies of the gros s es ta te , th e m a rita l dedu ction , problem s of jo int owners hip , grantor trusts und e r s ubp art E of th e Int e rn a l Reve nu e Code, prob le ms in va lu at io n. 2 sem. h rs

Estate Planning. (634) Ana lys is of assets fo r di s pos ition in es tat e p la nnin g , es tate plan by ope ration o f law , revocab le int e r v ivos trust s as a n instrum e nt in th e es tate p lan, irrevocab le inte r vivos trusts as a n inst rument in th e esta te plan , non-tru st g ifts, dispo s ition of life ins ur a n ce , e mpl oyee a nd soc ia l sec uri ty benefits, the will as a n ins trum e nt in th e estate plan , marital deduction , u se of powers o f appointment , c h ar itabl e di s po s itions, m e thod s of minimi z ing in co m e and es tate taxes w hile acco mpli s hin g d es ired res ults for o bjects o f bounty , preparation of ins trum e nts involved in es tat e pl a nnin g. Prerequisi te: Estat e a nd Gift Taxation (633) 2 se m. hrs.

Evi dence. (604) Rules o f adm iss ibil ity of ev id e n ce, including co n cep ts o f re leva n cy , h ea rsay , direct examinat ion, cross-exa min atio n , imp eac hm e nt , and privileges 4 sem. hrs

Family Law. (707) Lega l probl ems invol ved in th e formation a nd dissolution of marriage, a nd we lfare of c hildr en , including nonmarital a nd premarital ag reement s, illeg itima cy a nd paternity , marriag e, divorce and annulm e nt , marit a l s upp o rt and prop e rty rig ht s, abortion, co ntra ce pti o n a nd a rtific ial conception, intrafamil y to 1ts and domest ic v io le n ce, adoption, s pousa l a nd c hild s upport , c hild c u s tody, di vis io ns o f marital pr ope rt y, a nd se paration agr ee m e nt s. 3 sem. hrs.

Federal Income Taxation. (601) Bas ic provi s io n s of the Int e rn a l Reve nu e Code , including probl e m s co nce rnin g d e te rmin at io n o f gross inco me , the a llowa n ce o f dedu c tio n s and cred its , methods of accounting , deferra l a nd the time va lu e of m o ney , debt-financed property tra n sact io n s , and co n cepts of cap ita l ga in s a nd lo sses. 4 se m. hrs.

FederalJurisdiction . (636) Juri sd iction of th e fede ra l courts ove r cases a nd co ntro ve rs ies w ithin limitations of th e "fed e ra l qu est io n "; d ive rs ity of c itize n s hip , a mount , a nd remova l sta tut es; fe d e ra l judicial co ntro l ove r state a dmini s trativ e a nd judicial pro ceed ings,

includ ing dir ec t federa l rev iew, injun ctions and abs te ntion , 1983 action, and h abeas corpu s; and choice o f law in fe d era l courts. 3 sem. hrs.

Fiduciary Administration. (663) (Q[fered i rregu. /arty .) Cove rs probate a dmini strati on and the drafting and a dmini s tration of tru sts. 2 sem.. hrs

First Amendment Law. (676) (Offered irregu la rly.) Focuses on th e sco pe of freedo ms of sp eech, press, re ligion, and asse mbl y and th e prote ction they offer from gove rnm ent int erfe re n ce. Views of these liberties co nt empora n eo u s with ratification of the First Amendment a re exa min ed, as are the ories contributing to s ub seq u e nt d eve lopme nt of related Constitutiona l doctrine. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Government Contracts. (639) Su,ve y of governm e nt pro c ur e m e nt law, w ith e mph as is on unique feat ur es of gove rnment co ntr acts, rules and practices relative to co ntra cts between government and private pa1ties, methods ava ilab le to obtain legal relief in co ntr ac t award disputes, lega l probl e ms that most freq u e ntl y a rise during performance of government cont rac ts. 2 sem. hrs.

Health Care Law. (680) Se lected iss ues in the health ca re delive,y syste m , includin g h ea lth care planning, cert ificate of need procedures , Me dica re-Medicaid re imbur seme nt , a nd malpractice. 2 se m hrs.

Human Rights Seminar. (667) A gen e ra l introductio n to int e rn a tional hum a n rig hts. Issues covered includ e n at ur e of co n ce pt of hum a n rights, originand deve lopment of the Int e rn at io n a l Bill of Rights, thematic procedures available for prote ction of human rig hts in the Unit ed ations , sta ndard s and methods for international fact findin g on hum an rig hts, cultural re lat ivity in human rights law, implem e ntation of the Internationa l Cove n a n ts o n Social, Economic and Cultural Rig ht s in th e United Stat es, the Inte r-American Human Rights Process , and the ability of the Lnited States to imp act human rights in third world countries. 2 sem. hrs. Meets third-yearwritiug req ui re me11 t.

Insurance Law. (640) Mea ning o f insur a nce and its histo rica l deve lo pm e nt ; fra mework of ins urance in· du s try w ithin th e scope of gove rnm e nt regulation; ins ur a n ce co ntra ct int e rpretation; warranti es , repre· se ntati o n s, co n cea lment a nd exceptio ns as applied to se lec tio n and co ntrol of ins ur ab le risks ; waiver, estop· pel , a nd refo rmation ; ind emnity and subr ogation; se lec ted prob le m s w ith in s urabl e interest in property, liab ility, a nd life insuran ce. 3 sem. hrs.

Intellectual Property . (641) Introdu ction to the law gove rning th e sec uring a nd ex pl o itation o f p rope11Y a nd o th e r right s in idea s, as th ey m ay be protected by p a te nt s, copy rig hts, trad e m a rks, and th e com mon law. 2 sem. hrs.

Internation al Business Transactions. (642) Problems in internat ional trade and inve s tm e nt ; reg ulation of internationa l trad e by n a tional governments and international age n c ies. Emphasis on lawy e r's role in counselingfirms engage d in international act ivit ies 3 sem hrs.

Internation al Law. (643) Basic prin c ipl es, includin g sources of inte rnati o nal law, sett le m ent o f international disp utes, res p o n s ibilities a nd immuniti es of sovereignstates, human rig ht s, and the mac hin e 1y of international law and ju stice. 3 sem. hrs.

Internation al Taxation. ( 685) (Qffered irregularly.)

United States tax law re la tin g to foreign income a nd foreigntaxpaye rs, including tax aspects of U.S. co rporations and indiv idu a ls doing business abroad, taxation of nonr es ide nt a lie n s a nd foreign co rp o rations, foreigntax credits, and U.S. tax tr eat ies Emphasis on interpretation a nd a ppli cat io n o f U.S. in come tax rul es with tax p lanni ng o f transnational transactions a lso considered. 2 sem. hrs.

Interviewin g and Counseling. (670) In -dept h a n a lysis of pre-trial lawyer ing sk ills using interd isc iplinary materials. Explores interpersonal r e lation s hip s, focusing on role of attorney in relation to clien t , the lega l system(including other attorneys), and soc iety. Classroom discuss ion , and development of ow n sk ills through wee kly a udi o-a nd v ideotaped s imul at ion s Enrollmentlimited. 2 sem. hrs.

IslamicJ uris prudence. (653) Focus o n b as ic e lements of Islam ic jurisprudence as art ic ul a ted by b as ic Islamic texts In p rese nting and discussing these elements, atte ntion draw n to the rich diversity of interpretations of th ese e lements a nd th e ir coro llar ies that have bee n ge n e rat ed throughout the ages Som e interpretations as embod ie d in pr ese nt -clay leg al systems w ill be c ritica lly eva luat e d in lig ht o f ce rtain concepts w ith w hi c h s tudents are familiar. 2 sem. hrs. Meets thi rd -year writing requirement.

Judicial Placement Program. (752) Placeme nt s made in a var ie ty of jud ges' o ffices, including state and federal co urt s . T wo- hour cla ss ro o m co mponent required. G raded pass-fail. See Director of Clinical PlacementProgram/or more details. 4-6 sem. brs.

Jurisprude nce . (590) Int e n s ive st ud y of se lec ted schools of lega l phi losop h y, includin g atte ntion to analyticaljur isprudence and p os itive law, theories of JUStice,an d soc iolog ica l juri s prud e n ce. 2 sem. hrs.

labo r Arbitration. (709) Examination o f e nfor cement of co llect ive ba rgain ing ag reeme nt s through grievance and arb itrat ion process, includin g arbitration proce dures, arb itrat ion d ec is ions a nd judicia l enforcement o f arbitration agreements. Concentration on developm ent of a rbitration sk ills. Participation in mock arb itratio n s as both advoc at es and arbitrators , tnduding p reparing for h ea ring s, pr ese ntin g cases, Wnting post- hearing bri efs, a nd w ritin g a rbitration

awards. Enrollment limited Prerequisit e : Labor Law (644) or Public Sector Labo r Law (698) 2 sem. hrs. Labor Law. (644) Analys is of or igin a nd scope of Nat ional Labor Relations Act, and ro le of the Nationa l Labor Re lations Board a nd the courts in inte rpreting th e sta tut e. Foc u s o n right of emp loyees to organ ize uni o n s, c hoic e of bargaining repre se nt a tive , strikes and picketing, and nego tiation and e nfor ce ment of co llect ive bargainin g agreement. 3 sem. hrs.

Land Use Planning. (645) Governm e nt con trol of u se o f land and eminent domain. Zoning, s ubdivision co ntrol , and urban redeve lopment and planning. 3 sem. brs.

Latin American Legal Systems. (720) (Offe red only in Caracas.) In -de pth co nsid e ratio n of principles co mmon to many Latin and South Am e rican lega l sys te ms. Law- makin g processes and institutions and judicial inst itutio ns a re co ns ide re d as are pr incip les of public a nd private law. 2 sem. hrs.

Law and Medicine. (646) (Offered irregularly.) Topics include tort lia bility of th e phy s ician ; problems of abortion , artificial inse mination , vo lunt a ry ster ilization , and e uth a nas ia. 2 sem. hrs.

Law Politics and Selected Topics in Constitutional Law. (604) Exa minati o n o f se lected topics in co nstit uti o nal law, using a se min a r format. Precis e to p ics cove red vary fro m year to yea r. 2 se m. hrs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

LawandPsychlatry. (647) Semin a r exa minin g leg a l iss u es interfaci ng menta l h ea lth and psychiatry. Topics includ e c rite ria for c iv il co mmitm e nt , testa menta1y capac ity, co mp e te n cy to stand trial and the insanity defense, confidentia lity, sex ual psychopath laws, rig ht to treatm en t a nd right to re fuse treatmen t , traumatic n e uro sis, and prediction o f d a ngero u s n ess. Enro llme nt limited. 2 sem. hrs. Meets third -year writing requirement.

Law of the European Community. (693) Surveys institution s of th e EC, and exam ines s ub stantiv e princip les of EC law a nd their integr at io n into th e legal syste m s of m e mb e r co untri es. 2 sem brs.

Legal Accounting. (649) Accounting tec hniqu es, including a nal ys is o f the inco m e sta te men t , ba lance s h eet, cas h flow a nd related financi a l repo rts, includin g th e pr e pa ration of n otes to finan c ial st at e m e nts; a lso tax accounting, re port s to stoc kh o lde rs, and repor ts to ma nag e me nt. 2 sem. hrs.

Legal Drafting Seminar. (650) Analysis a nd methodo logy o f so und lega l drafting techniques. Emphasis m ay va ry from semes te r to se m este r. Ass ig nm e nt s includ e d raftin g of co ntr ac ts , separation ag ree ment s, articles of inco rp o ration , leases, wi lls a nd tru sts, and some litigati o n d oc um e nt s Enrollment limi ted. 2sem. brs.

Legal History. (592) Deve lopment of le ga l ins titutions u s ing histo rical per s pective to h e lp und e rs tand re ason s for appa r ent a nomali es in our lega l sys te m , s u c h as distinction s betw ee n law a nd equit y, c rim e a nd tort, a nd to aid d ec is io n s of law refo rm. 2sem. brs.

Legal History Seminar. (712) Va rio u s to pi cs of modern law are explored in hi sto rica l per s p ec tive in orde r to und e rstand natur e of th e d eve lopm e n t o f law in ge n e ral and o f some sp eci fic area in particular. 2 se m. brs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

Legislation. (728) Ove1v iew of sta tutory interpretation and crea tio n of publi c policy through leg is la tion. Top ics includ e proc e dur es of sta tut e c reation , rol e of interest groups, var ious co mp et ing model s or th eo ries of the leg is la tive pro cess. In addition, co n s ide ra tio n of doctrin es and th eo ries of int e rpr e ting sta tut es, includin g ru les, pr es umpt io n s, and ca n o n s of interpretation. 2 sem. brs.

Liberty, Morality, and the Constitution. (688) Exa min es co n cepts of libe rty and morality fro m hi sto r ical and philosophi ca l perspe ct ives, a nd in co nt ext of th e Su preme Court 's se x di sc rimination , pri vacy , a nd econom ic liberty cases 2 sem brs.

Local Government Law. (652) Lega l impli ca tio n s of the formation and co nduct of var io us unit s of loca l governme nt , a ddr ess ing s ubje c ts s u c h as annexation a nd incorporat io n , muni c ip a l powe rs, governmental immunit y, Section 1983, and taxation and finance. 2-3 sem. brs.

Mental Disabilities Clinic. (755) Stud e nt s, und e r s uper v is ion of full-tim e me mb e r of th e faculty , rep rese nt yo uth s w ith m e n ta l disab ilities. Majority of cases invo lve re pr ese nting c hildr e n and parent s see king a ppropriat e s p ec ial e du ca tion and co mmuni ty b ase d se 1v ices as mand a ted by both fede ra l and state law. Student s a lso re pr ese nt yo uth wi th me ntal d isab ilities in crimin a l matter s as we ll a s c iv il matter s s u c h as act ing as g uardian -a d - lite m for foster care rev iew matt e rs. 4-6 sem. brs.

Military Law. (683) Military cr imin a l a nd administrative law with emp h as is o n th e Unifo rm Co d e of Military Ju st ice a nd spec ia l procedures o f co urt s mania!. 2 sem. brs.

Negotiation. (672) In -de pth ana lys is of th eor ies and tactic s of nego tiatio n s . Fosters stu de nt 's n egotia tin g sk ills throu g h classroom di sc u ss io n s and s imulati o ns . 2 sem. brs.

Partnership Taxation. (635) Na tur e and formation of a part ne rs hip ; taxat io n of pa rtn e rship inco me ; tran sactio n s between re la ted p a rties; te rmin at io n of partnership; sa le of partnersh ip in terest; di st ributi o n by partn e rs hip ; s p ec ial ba s is adj u s tm e nt; di s tribution to retirin g o r d ecease d partner s . Also includ es treatm e nt of p ass- throu gh e ntities . Prerequisit e: Federa l Income Taxation (601). 3 sem . brs.

Political and Civil Rights . ( 686) Examin es personal, non -co n stitut io n a l federa l rig hts, includin g those rela te d to vo tin g, ho u s ing , and handi capp ed persons Also co n siders litigation pro cess for redr essing civil rig hts vio lat io ns b y dam age awa rd or court order, and sys te m s for publi c re im bu rse ment. 2 sem . brs.

Principles of Chinese Law. (61 4) Co urse offers ba s ic expos itio n of prin c ipl es of th e Chinese legal sys te m , b ot h s u bsta nti ve a nd pro cedural. Particular e mpha s is o n th ose prin c ip les a ffect ing bu siness transac tio ns in Chin a. 2 sem brs.

Prisoner Litigation. (684) Cons ide rs prisone r challe nges in s tat e and fede ra l co ur ts to conviction, se nte nces , and te rm s of co nfin e ment. 2 sem. hrs.

Products Liability Law. (654) Law o f defective products und e r th eor ies of neg lige n ce , strict liability , mis rep resen tat io n a nd b reac h of warranty under Article 2 o f th e Unifo rm Com m e rc ial Co de. Covers defective man ufa ctur e, d es ig n and mark e ting, limitations o n produ ct d e fect ive ness, ca u sation issues, affirmat ive defenses, damages, and tran sactions in c ha in of product d is tributi o n. 3 sem. brs

Public Sector Labor Law. (698) Examination of s tatutor y a nd co n stituti o n a l employment rights of public e mpl oyees in federa l, s ta te , and loca l governme nt. Co n ce ntr at io n on lega l fram ework for union o rga niza tio n a nd co llect ive bargaining right s of public e mpl oyees. Com parati ve a n a lys is of various approaches to gove rnm e nt e mplo yee right s, including a n a lys is o f re leva nt pub lic policy issu es 3 sem. hrs.

Regulation of Financial Instituti ons . (6 78) (Off ered irregularly.) Sta te a n d fe d era l reg ulation of co mmer c ial b a nk s, sav ings and loan associations (stoc k and mutual ), credi t uni o ns , a nd o th e r financial inst itution s. Stud y of reg ulat ing agenci es, including th e Fe d e ral Rese rve, Co nt ro lle r of th e Currency, Federa l D epos it In s uran ce Co rp ora tion , Federal Savings a nd Loa n In s uran ce Corpo ration, sta te banking co mmi ss io n s , a nd h ow they regu late formation, opera tion (se rvices a nd invest m ents), reorgan ization, a nd d isso lu tion o f fina n c ial inst itutio ns. 2 sem. hrs.

Remedies. (656) Co urt-di spe n sed legal a nd equitab le re lief awarded to protect and comp e nsate for in vas ion s, or thr ea tened in vas ion s, o f variety o f assets s u c h as rea l p rope rty , tangib le personal property, co ntr act rig hts and o th e r intangib le proper ty, and to protect a nd co mp e n sate fo r personal h ar ms 3 sem brs.

Research. (655) Ind epe nd e nt research on ap pro,·ecl se lec te d top ics. Topi c must b e approved in writing p rior to reg istr a tio n by th e Associate Dean and by the inst ructor und e r w hose s up e 1vision th e research 15 co nduct e d . l -3 sem. brs. Meets third-y e ar writing requirement.

sales and Leases. (675) Sales and leases of p e rso n a l propeity under Articles 2 and 2A of the Uniform Commercial Code, including co ntra ct formation and terms, wa rrant ies, a nd re m e die s . Students who hav e taken Sales, Leases a nd Sec ur e d Transactions (722) may not e nro ll in this co ur se. 3 sem. hrs. sales, Leases and Secured Transactions (722) Commercial transact io n s in vo lv ing personal properly under A1ticles 2, 2A, and 9 of the Uniform Commerc ial Code, with focus o n wa rra nties, remed ies, and financingtransactions. Stude nt s w h o have taken Sales a nd Leases (67 5) may n ot e nr o ll in this cou r se. 4 sem. hrs.

Scientific Evidence. (657) Technical and lega l aspects of scientific aids in the trial of c iv il a nd criminal cases. Scientific expe rts participate as guest lect ur e rs. 2 sem. hrs.

Securities Regu lation. (658) Leg is lation an d reg ulation affecting issuance and trading of corpora te sec urities, espec ially Secu rities Act of 1933, Sec uriti es Exchange Act of 1934 , and ot h er federal legis lation. 3 sem. hrs.

Selected Proble ms in Private International Law. (681) Examine s va rious approaches to the resolution of disputes whi c h arise out of international com me rcial transaction s 2 sem hrs.

Selected Issues in Public International Law. (719) (O.iJeredon ly in Camb ,-idge.) Consideration of va rious discrete issues o f public international law , including statehoo d , bounda ries, the law of war, juris di ct io n and state responsibi lity, a nd their relation to municipal law. 2 sem . hrs.

Selected Topics . (699) The Law Sch oo l ge n era lly offersat least one course that may be offered o nly o n e time. These courses are in a n area of spec ia l interest to a faculty member. Often this co ur se is in conju n ction with the Allen Cha ir w hi c h provides for bringing four or five distingu is hed vis itor s to th e ca mpu s for a week at a time to co-teac h th e course. Details are provided in registration materia ls. Depending on particular o ffering, this course may meet the thi rd -yea r writing requireme nt. 2-3 sem. h,-s.

Sport and Law. (690) Surve y of law re lat ing to professional, college, and amateur s p o rts. Includ es professiona l player contrac ts a nd their e nforceab ility through arbitration a nd litigatio n , role o f player age nt s Ill professio nal sports, a ppli cat ion of antitrust laws to professiona l leagues and player rest raint s , player discipline me chan isms, role of pla ye r associations as labor orga nizations in co llec tive bargaining , a nd federal mcome taxat io n of spo rts act ivities. Also cove red ts regulatio n of a mate ur ath letics, including Tit le IX, role of NCM, as well as tort and criminal law iss u es 2 sem. hrs.

Slate and Local Tax. (661) (Offered irregularly.) Ma1or tssues aris ing und e r principal forms of s tat e and

loc a l taxation: corporate fran c hise and income taxation, sa les, us e , gross rece ipt s, property, persona l inco m e, and death taxe s . Fe d e ral co nst itutiona l limitations on state taxation and congressiona l leg is latio n affec ting state taxation on interstate comme rce. 3 sem. hrs.

Taxation of Exempt Organizations. (61 5 ) (Offe red irregularly.) Examines histori ca l deve lopm en t , na ture , formation, classification, operation, and gove rnance of nonpr ofit organ izat ion s under both state and federal law. Particular e mpha s is given to state co rporate law and federal tax exe mption issues includin g s tatu s of th e Model Nonpro fit Corporation Act; responsibilities and liabilities o f directors, officers, and vo lunte e rs; finan cia l management; difference between fe d era l income tax trea tme nt of var ious charitie s and privat e and private foundat ions; pub lic policy iss ues involving co mm e rc ial, lobbying and o th er political activities; and co nst itutional issues involving nonprofit orga ni za tions. 2 sem. hrs.

Tax Policy Seminar. (674) Examination of economic, political, a nd social goals of we ll-des igned tax system. Analysis of se lected topics in design of an income tax and cons idera tio n of alternative tax syst e m s, including consumpt i o n -base d tax . 2 sem. hrs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

Tax Procedure Seminar (702) (Offe red irregularly.) Explores role of the Int erna l Revenue Service (IRS) in civil tax collection process. Subjects to be cove red includ e appl ica tion of s uch administrative law principles as delegation, discretion , rule-making , inspections, confidentiality / di sclos ur e , clue process , a nd judicial review. Ro le of tax practitioner and his or her re lat io n s hip to taxpayer a nd the IRS w ill also be exp lored. 2 sem. hrs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

Theory of the Modern Corporation_ ( 605) Focuses o n lega l and economic issues co nfronted by the corporation in mod e rn society. Topics exam ined vary from year to year, but may inducl e an exa mination of theoretical rationale of th e corporate mod e l; a re-evaluatio n of conceptual foundation of the co 1poration as model for bu s iness organization; analys is of cutTent c01porate gove rnan ce issues , inducling duties a nd responsibilities of o ffice rs and directors, role of institutio nal investors, and exec utive compensation; s hare h o lder proposals; examination of consequences of th e divorce of corporate co ntrol from ow n ers hip ; responsibilities of corporation to its shareho lde rs, lab o r, cons umers , gene ral public, and government; ro le of the co rporate lawye r , w ith focus on e thi ca l iss u es; and respecti ve roles of state and fed era l law. Prerequisite: Corporation s (602) 2 sem. hrs Meets th-ird -year writing requirement.

Virginia Procedure. (664) All aspects of Virginia c ivil procedure and practice, includ ing out-of-court set tlem e nts , arbitration, co urt sys te m , jurisdiction ,

,: ','I Curriculum/Second -or

proc ess, appearances, ve nu e, p a rties, pl ead in g, discovery, juri es, m o tio n s a nd inc id e nt s of tria l , ve rdi cts, judgm ents, motion s after judgm e nt , a ppeal s, enforcement o f judgm e nt s, e tc. Bu ilds on first-year civil procedure course by g ivin g s p ec ific Virg inia so luti ons to general probl e m s of proc e dur e; can in turn b e use d as foundation for third -yea r co ur ses in trial ta c tics and clinical co ur s es in vo lv in g liti gat ion in co urt. 3 sem. hrs.

White Collar Crime Seminar. (687) Examination of s ubstanti ve fe d era l cr imin a l s ta tut es invo lv ing fra ud ( mail , wire, bank, or tax), ra cke tee ring, o b s tru ct io n of ju s tice, m o n ey la und e rin g, or e nvironment a l crime. Other topics like co n s pir acy, cor p o rat e crimin a l liab ility and Federal Se nt e n c ing G uid e lines are di sc u ssed. Also considers s ub stanti ve and pro ce dural issues r e lated to th e g rand jw y. 2 sem hrs.

Wills and Trusts I. (606) Int es tat e s u ccess ion ; protec tion o f d ece d e nt 's family; co mmunit y prop erty; co mpon e nt s, exec utio n , revoca tio n , repub lica tio n and rev iva l of w ills; wi ll con tracts; w ill s ub s titut es; n at ur e, u se, c rea tio n , e lemen ts, a liena bili ty, and term in ation o f priv a te tru sts; in t rod u ct ion to c h a ritab le resu lting, and co n str u ct ive trusts 4 sem. hrs.

Wills and Trusts II. (637) Probate a nd contest of w ills; granting a dmini st rat io n in intes tate es tates; a nc illary administration; probate avo idan ce; qu a lification, se le c tio n , appointment a nd re m ova l o f exec utors, admini s trat o rs and trustees; rig ht s, duti es a nd liabiliti es o f fidu c iaries; rig ht s o f beneficiaries; asse ts of esta tes; man age m e nt of es ta tes; claims aga inst

es tates; inte rpr e tation a nd co ns tru ct ion of dispositive provisions in w ills and tru sts; p owe rs of ap pomtment· di s tribution o f d ece dents ' es ta tes; terminati on of trusts'. a nd Th e Rule Aga inst Pe rp e tuiti es. Pre- or corequisite.'. W ills a nd Tru s ts I (606) 4 sem. hrs.

Womanist Theory and the Institu tion of Law. (701) Expl o res und e rpinnin gs of traditional legal a n a lys is b y co n s tru c tin g a lte rn a tive appr oaches for fram ing a nd exa minin g lega l problem s. Language, principle s , a nd techniques o f trad itional legal analysis exam in ed to see if th ey are uni versal , objective, and ne utr a l. Co n sid ers w h e th e r traditional legal analysis takes int o acco unt rea l lives of vast array of women, including th ose w ith di sab ilities, women of color, les bi a n s, th e poor, a nd the illite ra te. Enrollment limit e d. 3 sem. hrs. Meets third-y ear wr iting requirement.

Workers Protection and Advocacy Clini c. (726) Stud e nt s, und e r s up e r vis io n of full-t ime member of th e fac ul ty, rep resen t worke rs and former workers in g rieva n ce hearings a nd pro cee din gs to determine e ntitl e m e nt t o disabilit y and other bene fits. 4-6 sem. hrs.

Youth Advocacy Clinic. (753) Students, under s u pe rvis io n of staff a ttorney, h andle vario us types of cases , a ll represe ntin g in teres ts of youn g peop le In maj o ri ty o f cases, stud en ts repr ese nt juvenil es charged w ith cr imes or se rve as g u ard ia n-ad- litem in dispositio n o f crimin a l matt e rs. Stud e nt s a lso repr esent youth in sc h oo l ex pu lsion cases. 4-6 sem. hrs.

UNIVERSITY OF

Index to Buildings

University of Richmond Virginia 23173

Return Postage Guaranteed

RICHMOND

UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND FOUNDED 1830

The TC. Williams School of Law

Second Class Postag e Paid at Univt ·sity of Richm o1.d, V

URC 1994 96 Law

University of Richmond Bulletin

VolumeXCVI

Non-Discrimination Poli cy

Disclaimer

ACADEMIC CALENDARS

Academic Calendar, 1994-95

Spring Semester 1995

Academic Calendars

Academic Calendar, 1995-96

FallSemes

Spring Semester 1996

DIRECTORY

Board of Trustees

Trustees Emeriti t

Adminis tration

TheUniversity

Directory/ Administration

University Deans

Law School

Faculty

Directory /Faculty

Directory /Faculty

Faculty Emeriti

Law Librarians

TIIE T.C. WILUAMS SCHOOL OF IAW

Histo ry

Accreditation

Location

Purpose of the University

Method of Instruction

Library

The Law School

Career Services

Programs

Clinical Programs

Simulation Based Courses

The Law School

Clinical Plac e ment Program

Moot Court

Client Counseling and Negotiation

Cooperative Program With MCV/VCU

of Health Adminis

The Law School

The Law School

Degree -Law

Cooperative Program With the UR School of Business

Individual Dual Degree Programs

Advising for Dual Degree Programs

Graduate Courses

Special Program

ADMISSION

Pre -Law Education

Admission Process

Application

Summer Entry Program

Combined Degrees

Law Honors Program

Admission by Perform anc e Program

Advanced Standing

ACADEMIC REGUIATIONS

Grading System and Reports

Academic Regulations

Registration and Attendance

Scholarship

Conditions

Examinations

Standards of Conduct

Academic Regulations

Academic Regulations

Right to Privacy

Academic Requirements

Curriculum Requiremen ts

Courses

Writing Requirement

Elective Coursework

Graduat ion Policies

Application

Academic Regulations

FINANCIAL AFFAIRS