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GOLLEGE DIRECTORY.
LITERARY SOCIETIES.
Presldent . . . J. W. SHEPARD. Prestdent . H. LEE MoDAIN. Tice-President s. T. MATTHEWS. Vlce-President . . ... . .R. N. POLLARD. Secretary .. .
J. A. PERDUE. Recording Sec'y C. COTTINGHAM. Treasurer...
P. CLARKE.
Y. M. C. A.
Presldent
W. SHEPARD.
T. MATTHEWS.
VoL. XXVI. APRIL, 1900.
Shadow-Land.
BY A . D. J.
Sleep, little heart, sle ep on; Nothing shall do thee harm.
Sleep as the twilight falls, ~lose in your father's arm.
Drifting away to shadow-land, Into the realms of r est;
Slipping away to shadow-land, Over the clouds' bright crest.
Sleep, my tired one, sl eep. Wearied of work and play, Dear little eyelids fall, Now at the close of day.
Drifting away to shadow-land Over the moon's bright tips; Slipping away to shadow-land, With a smile upon your lips.
No. 7.
The Institution of Slavery Has Been Deleterious to Progress.
UANY and :µiighty revolutions in thought and conditions • have taken place in the world's usages and the world's customs. The time was when international usage and inter-
294 RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
national law sanctioned the enslaving of prisoners of war; and, but a short period ago, the laws of the most civilized nations of the world sanctioned the enslaving, not only of their enemies when captured in war, but their own citizens, of equal color and equal conditions. Slave traffic was an institution in all the Grecian states, and was inherited by them from ages of barbaric law. The institution descended to the Romans. It descended as an institution to medireval Europe, and later to all modern nations. But that which maintained its institutional prerogatives among modern and Christian nations was the historical fact that the great theocracy of the Jews, the government supposed to have been given God's chosen people by the great Jehovah himself, upheld it as of Divine origin. The Hebrews were authorized by their law to possess slaves, not only of other races, but of their own nation.
We are aware that prejudice must be against us in the discussion .of this question . First, because here was the centre of American slavery; here was the last stand made against its abolition. Prejudice, too, against a new order of things, \ no matter what the reform, always exists, and does not usually die for more than a generation after the change of conditions. And it would be a mistake to suppose that prejudices of that · sort manifest themselves only where dogmatic interests are at stake. Purely secular reforms, tenets, and even useful inventions have been violently opposed by mobs of antinovelty bigots. The inventor of the printing press had to conceal his plan like a crime, and, on being forced into an appeal to the public, was repeatedly accused of being in league with the powers of darkness.
The essential facts about the arrangement of the solar system were suspected long before the birth of Copernicus, or even before the beginning of our chronological era, since Pythagoras appears to have whispered them to the attendants of his esoteric seance s. The rabble fairly bowled with wrath
THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY.
295 at the idea of such contradictions of acceptable hearsay being demonstrated by arithmetical proofs, and Galileo had to hide out for weeks after his trial, and shaved off his whiskers before he ventured to visit a summer resort in the foot-hills of the Alps. The rustics would not have left him off, if the Inquisition would.
Kepler was snubbed and boycotted; Copernicns had to write Latin to mitigate the heinousness of his offence, and poor Cresar Vanani had to flee from town to town, genera lly with an excited mob at his heels. And even Lady Harburton, the treasurer of the National Dress Reform Association, a short time ago had to invoke the protection of an English court against the conduct of the loafers at an English restaurant. So prejudice against a change of conditions is ltS rife to-day as it was on the day that a Jewish mob cried, "Crucify Him! Crucify Him!" and that prejudice is as imreasoning as superstition.
The subject of this paper nor for humorous illustration fare of our whole South-land. is not of trivial importance, simply. It concerns the welFirst : Have the conditions of either or both, the slave and the slave-holder, individually, or the classes of each, been bettered by the institution of slavery having existed 1 Superficial philosophers may attempt to show, perhaps, individual instances of outrageous conduct on the part of freed men, and the hardships which have prevailed upon some of the former slave holders, by what they please to call the robbery of their private property; that both the white and the black races were in better condition under slavery. But our discussion deals with it in its broader sense. It deals with it in its relation to the great and irrevocable laws of progress. Our discussion has to deal with the chattel slavery which was held as an institution in the United States before the year 1863, and the results of the great Civil War which destroyed that institution. The immediate effect upon indi-
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
viduals and small communities must be viewed and weighed in connection with the philosophy of the whole, and in this connection, let me add, I expect to furnish a preponderance bf the evidence, as the lawyers say, that both races would have · been better off to-day if they had never been in the condition of slavery. Let us note, briefly, the real philosophy of the great American conflict.
The Civil War, as we well know, was not wholly the result of the moral force. There was a constitutional force clashing between the two civilizations-the Puritan and the Cavalier, the North and the South. The moral force was the struggle against slavery, against the spirit and civilization of the age.
A philosophsr, looking upon these causes, might ha 1 ve early foreseen the struggle. Antagonism was written in the very constitutions of the Puritan and the Oavalier . The P,uritan rises from the common people, and believes in popular liberty; the Cavalier descends from the king and his court, and is by nature a royalist. Athens and Rome witnessed the conflict of t~e se forces; the Reformation was the ,culmination of their strife in medireval Europe; and the evolution of England is but a repetition of their struggle. The stern determination, the rigid simplicity, and the iron-clad ,conscience of the New England Puritan furnished a strange ·contrast to the chivalry, the high-mindedness, and the adventurous spirit of the Southern Cavalier. Their environments still further enhanced these differences. The rugged rock-bound wilds of Plymouth and the bleak wintry blasts of misfortune, . that chilled the pilgrim s ' blood, fostered only the austere virtues of the practical life of the Puritan.
Seven year s of struggle finally knit the forces of Puritan and Cavalier in a constitution composed of a series of compromise s ; but perfect · union time alone could establish. Hopes of a peaceful union could never be ente1-tained while slavery was the moral problem confronting the Puritan. Slavery wa s profitable only in the South, and thither it gravi-
297
tated, and became the living, ineradicable i ssue between the two civilizations.
The conflict between slave labor and free labor then began. Such contests are settled by higher laws than human statutes-yes, the eternal law of progress demanded the freedom of the individual, and slavery's cause was a hopeless struggle against fate Bnt our Government had protected slavery. It had committed the political crime which had to be expiated iIJ.the crucible of distre ss-'the "bloody sweat" of conflict. To defend slavery, the South echoed the cry of States' rights, and bent all her energie s to develop her labor system and extend her bounds. Cotton ruled an empire in her mid st, and the free labor of the North was held in con. tempt. Discouragement seized the poorer classes of the whites; inventien was para lyzed and progress , blighted. Southern civilization, under slavery, had reached its zenith.
Counter to this line of development was that of the North. Ingenuity and invention, with the kindly aid of protection, developed her manufacture s ; free labor and pro sperity drew , the tide of immigration; and vigorous social, intellectual, and physical life soon gained for her the ascendance in public · affairs.
The contrast in development was fatal. The abolition agitation in the North assumed threatening proportions ; the mote of slavery being removed from her own eye, that, and the unexampled incre ase of prosperity of the North over the South, only made the beam in the eye of the South loom blacker. Puritanism, as it had many a time before in the world's history, became intolerable. We all know the history of the bloody conflict which followed this lack of reasoning by both the North and the South. If you will, without prejudice, look at conditions as they now appe a r, a generation after they occurred, you will recognize in the foregoin g the true philosophy of the great American conflict. It was the natural,
RICHMOND COLLEGE M1'1SSENGER.
logical result of evolution-of the administration of the cosmic law of God.
The final result of the war was e:Xactly what the philosopher should have proved to himself. No matter how humane the slave -owner might be to his chattels, no matter what right he claimed from historic precedent, no actual moral right accrued to civilized man to maintain in chattel slavery a human being. No matter what outrages are committed by individuals of the freed men, no matter what hardships befell his owner, the rights promulgated by our Declaration of Independence, " that all men are born free and equal, and pos sess equal and i'nalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," is the foundation-stone of the existence of society in a government of the free. And if slavery is ·wrong now, it was wrong from its inception. If it was a wrong, it has been the contrary than beneficial to either one or the other of the races inhabiting America, if not to both, equally before and since its aboHtion. It might be said that the diffusion of the black race through the United States by the , system of slavery adopted by our fore-fathers has been the only means of promulgat~ng the principles of civilization among that race. It might be maintai?~d that the institution of slave tra:fficing and slave stealing along the African coast was beneficial to the introduction of Christian methods and civilizing influence s to the colored inha bi tan ts of the dark continent. It will hardly be maintained that an institution which to eradicate required four years of bloody warfare and the sacrifice of a million of lives-the flower of the republic-was a benefit to the white race of America. I will ask our philosopher if it was necessary that we should have ' gone through the refining ,crucible of a four years' rebellion 'to become a great and glorious country i
I admit that the war was the only method of abolishing slavery, but it cannot be possible that any sane man would
'l'HE INSTI'l'UTION OF SLAVERY. 299 admit that the necessity for war was the real benefit to both the participants and the cause of it.
Slavery has always had a degrading influence .• Those who have been kept in slavery, from time immemorial, seldom have risen to a point above it in mental arid moral things. Slaves among the Greeks and Romans and among the Hebrews, centuries before the time of Christ, were seldom, if ever, heard of in historical incident. Conditions of slavery drive from men their ambition, keep from them any hope of reward, and transmit their being into that of a machine, instead of a human organism. The slave nations of the world prove it. From the ruins of Nineveh, the tombs and temples of old Thebes, from the , boasted glory of Athens and the so-called justice of the Romans, we derive but one thought, one truth to light the steps of human kind in the search for more truth, beneficial to the race; and that is that ancient nations all fell from the same cause-injustice to their fellowmen.
To go back to our own great con.flict for civil and industrial liberty, the principle of justice was fought for by our brothers in the North, against us in the South, who could not see the light of history. Our maintenance of slavery was not only a degradation of those we held ' in subjection, but a .degradation of ourselves. We believed we were right, but the eternal law of God, when rightly read and interpreted, proved ·that we were wrong. The black race is not only suffering for it yet, but we are suffering-not only financially, but morally, intellectually, s09ially, and politically. The condition to -day of both the whites and the blacks is advanced a thousand-fold over what it was a generation ago, but yet the average intelligence of the South, when .figured per capita, is far inferior to that of the regions of America that never held slaves. The average intelligence of the colored race of the South, :figured per capita, is far inferior to that of the coast countries of Africa, where the white man has colonized with-
300 RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
out enslaving. There is no system by which you can sum it up, that either the white man or the black man of America was ever benefited by the institution of slavel'y, is benefited now by the fact that it ever existed, or that either ever will be benefited by that institution having existed. Our land has been impoverished by slave labor, our morality lowered by association, our institutions degraded by the one degrading principle of injustice and" inhumanity to man." It is said in our philosophy that action and reaction are always equal and opposite in direction.· To-day we are suffering from the reaction, the direct effect of that act committed by our ancestors. Our country, like a chain which is no stronger than its weakest link, is no stronger than its weakest element. In this country of the free, our people are the country. If it is a fact that all men are equal in this land of the free, and the colored race has been bettered by reason of having lived in servitude, then we must have been lowered to some level to which the black man has been raised.
This is not a cry of despair from a calamity-shrieker. It is the legitimate pointing out of existing conditions and philosophizing from actual events. The colored race is not intractable and its civilization is not an impossibility. A generation of culture has had markeci:'effects upon the black man's improvement and shows promise of bis final preparation for full and honored citizenship. As I have said before, prejudices must be controlled, and perhaps centuries must elapse before that time fully arrives. But it will arrive, for God has so willed.
The condition of both races in the South gives no cause for discouragement. For our Government, which was triumphant in our great struggle of a generation ago, profiting by the mistakes of the reconstruction period, has developed the fullest capacity for controlling conditions and promulgating the world movements of civilization. Even while the lurid crater of war was belching forth its seas of blood and covering with
TO MARY. 301 awful desolation huge areas richer than Herculanium's fairest suburbs, the Government rose sublime above every obstacle, and the whole world applauded then, as it applauds now, the defence made from the impregnable rock of repl-iblican liberty. Pessimists have predicted inevitable ruin ; critics have seen in om midst the embryo of military despotism; anarchists have cried,'' Down with the Government," but our nation rests now upon the broad and enduring basis of perfect individual ~iberty, equality, and fraternity. The "stars and stripes" have been borne as the standard of American victories, for American principles, and these have al ways been in the cause of humanity and against the principles of slavery chattel, industrial, moral, and intellectual. Where crimes have been committed in the name of justice, as ours was in the maintenance of slavery~ they must be expiated upon the altar of the world's regeneration. And that is what we are doing to-day. The colored race of America has been the victim of our crime; we, the victims of our own folly. Neither one nor the other ,has been benefited by its former conditions and relations, but both are suffering now, and must necessarily suffer for some generations to come, from the maintenance of that wrongful insti ,tntion.
J. D. G.
To Mary.
BY LEWIS L. JENNIN,GS.
In a church one day I wandered At the twilight hour dim, When the house was bid in shadows, Dark, mysterious, and grim.
Weary, sad,and broken-hearted, All alone in thought I lay, Just before the altar railing In the evening of the day.
802
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
In the window just above me, Faintly in the tender glow, Shone the form of Christ, the Saviour, Clad in garments white as snow.
As the dying light so softly Lit the beauty of f!is face, It a halo formed about Him, Symbol of His gentle grace.
There I lay, all wrapped in musings And the thoughts of , higher things, Which your mem'ry, 0 my sister, Ever to my fancy brings .
Once again I heard your voice, Echoing from the distant years, And my soul gave vent its sadness In the rushing of my tears.
As I wept alone in sorrow, From the organ loft above Faint I heard soft music stealing, Music breathing gentle lo_ve.
Sweetly solemn, swelling grandly, Plaintive rose the sweet refrain, And my soul throbbed in its longing Just to see you once again.
'Twas the organi .st at practice, And the music, so divine, Seemed to bear my grieving spirit Somewhere,sister, close to thine.
For I heard the sound of singing, As of angels close at hand, And methinks I heard your voice Mingling with that happy band.
A FINGER OF FATE.
And a vision dawned before me
Of an angel choir in white, Swift descending from great heaven
In the starry skies of night.
0, I longed to clasp you, kiss you , And my breast was torn with sighs, For I felt your presence,sister, Though unseen to mortal eyes I
0, if I had had the power
Just to catch one glimpse of you, Ere you and your sister angels
Vanished in the ether blue I
0, if I could just have clasped you
To my weary, aching breast, And have heard once more your voiceAh I how sweet had been the rest I
Then the music died so softly
And your presence passed away; But my heart was strangely lightened As I rose from where I lay.
And I passed from out the church-yard, But a power all divine Seemed to brighten all my sorrow, Angel sister, Mary mine I
A Finger of Fate.
BY JOSIAH MOSES.
~OW ARD that I am! Why do I hesitate~ Why do I tremble 1 Have I not already lived longer than society would let me had I killed her more humanely i But when one breaks his dear mother's heart, society says it cannot punish him. 0 society, how I pity you and your puny laws I
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER .
But what am I waiting for, knowing that I have nothing to lose? Has not ;my father commanded me never to come home? Home! I lost thee, divine object, when dear n1other died. Fear not, cruel father; I shall never enter home again. And my step-mother-as if life ' were not bitter and cruel enough without her-did she not thi·eaten to imprison me? She, inhuman wretch! Did she not refuse ~e admittance to the chamber in which my mother reared me? And yet my father says she is too ldnd ! And still I hesitate. Is it not a thousand times worse than death to see Irene turn her head when she passes me on the street with that scoundrel she calls husband? And she it was that drove me to the bottle and the table, and she it was-Heaven forgive her for it-that first called me drunkard! gambler! Wretched coward, you have no home, no name, no money, no friends, no God, no · aspirations; you are guilty of the blackest ' crime; yoq are entangled in a net from which there is no outlet, and yet you are afraid to leave the world. Ha! ha! The world! Fool that I am, not to see that I am already cast out of the world, for what is the world bu't so many homes, and if I have no home I have no ·world; anq ·with my reco .rd how can I dare to ' . enter another world? No, I'll waver no longer; some one is laughing. Farewell !
"Oh, Herbert; a man is drowning! Run quick! "
"Ah! now I'll be sweet }I11:rgaret's hero," thought H13rbert, and in a twinkling his hat and coat were off, and, plunging in, he soon reached, with a few long strokes, the drowning man, just as he was appearing from the water, and, catching him · by the back of the neck, he pushed him to the shore.
"Uharlie Carrington!" Herbert ejaculated, as soon as he had gotten a good look at the would-be s,uicide.
" Charles Carrington, did you say ! " cried Margaret, more in surprise than in question.
" Yes," replied Herbert; "he is a friend of mine. Do you know him?"
A FINGER OF FATE.
305 I
"No; but it seems to me I've heard his name somewhere."
'' Quite likely; he comes of a good family. But I must fetch a cab and hurry him to a hospital, for he has more water in him than is necessary for his health."
'' Surely it can't be him/' said Margaret to herself, as soon as Herbert was off. ,., It's quite a coincidence of names, though. I wonder was it accidental or premeditated."
A few minutes later Herbert came with a cab, and, 1eaving Margaret with some of the ladies that had gathered round, he rode off to the Emergency Hospital, not many blocks distant.
"I suppose I have won enough of the poor devil's money to do him a good turn," he .chuckled to himself while gazing upon the unconscious form in the cab.
"Struck the white flag, eh i Well, it does take a lot of muscle-grease to calm the waters sometimes; but my rule is 'never give up the ship.' "
Three days later his closest friend .would have failed to recog nize the wretched hypochondriac, Charles Carrington, in the bright, buoyant, honest young man who was telling Farmer Hooker that he was willing to learn to do anything. Indeed, th e change that had suddenly come over him was nothing less th an miraculous. The pendulum, which for so long a time had been entangled in the meshes of gloom, despair, hatred, infidelity, and hopelessness, suddenly broke through the filthy net, and, with a powerful sweep, became entangled in the opposite net of joy, hope, faith, and love Charles had now determined to live, to find and worship God, and become a true man, and, happily, he was not uusuccessful in his first venture in that direction. Mr. Hooker was pleased with his manner, appearance, and frankness, ar\d readily agreed to give him a ~rial. But what a trial! I really don't believe any other young man would have endured it for a single day. Work that was who11y unnecessary, or so degrading that it would make the meanest negro grumble, was given to him. But l et it not be inferred from this that Mr. Hooker was a cruel
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
and hard-hearted man. On the contrary, he was the most sympathetic and philanthropic man in his county. It was his rule-and perhaps it was a good one-to test the loyalty of his servant or employee before gi-ving him permanent employment, and the more responsible the position to be taken the severer the test. Now, Mr. Hooker, being very favorably impressed .with Charles at first sight, conceived the notion of giving him a very important position; hence the . severity of the test.
"Well, I can't say that I am getting more than I bargained for," said Charles to Mmself one morning, after he had been ordered by Mr. Hooker to hitch up and drive to the station for his daughter and friend, who were coming in on the 11:30 train; "but it does seem that the old gentleman is trying to humiliate and degrade me in every way possible. He surely must have perceived that I am not accustomed to such laborthat I have experienced better days, and yet he treats me with utter indifference. 'After t,he rain,' they say,' the sun shines.' Perhaps it' s true, but unle ss he makes haste to show himself I shall be persuaded that the rain has extinguished his light." With this little complaint Charles drove off. At 11:30 sharp the train rolled in.
, " There's our carriage," pointed Margaret, alighting from the coach.
"If it isn't Charles Carrington," exclaimed Herbert, on approaching it, "I'll swallow my tongue! What briny wave of fortune has stranded you upon this ·desert shore?" asked Herbert, with a smile to Margaret.
"I am afraid, sir," replied Charle s, "that yon are laboring undel' a wrong impression; the name you pronounced is not mine."
"Oho! that's very intere sting indeed. Now, if/ you will but write the old man that you have re-chri s tened yourself', I am sure he will send you a ' 0.' What's in a name anyhow i Garlic by any other name would smell as bad."
A FINGER OF FATE.
307
"Yes, that's true," retorted Charles. "Simply because society names the most conscience-less 'rake' that wears fashionable clothes 'gentleman,' doesn't necessarily make him one."
"Why, Herbert, I thought yon said he was your friend," hastily inter rnpted Margaret, for she saw that if she did not intervene these two would soon come to blows.
"No; the hostler is correct," Herbert answered, viciously ; "I mistook him for a gentleman. Drive on ."
" But he is certainly the one you rescued from drowning," said Margaret, determined to inform Charles who his rescuer was.
"What I Did you save me, Herbert Gresham?" cried Charles, rising up in his seat with astonishment.
" No; I was laboring u oder a wrong impression."
"Here, Herbert; you know I wasn't aware of this fact . . Take my hand, I beg you, for I cannot bear to harbor hatred against a man that has saved my life. I shall forget the past, and henceforth be indebted to you to the extent of my life. Since that foolish episode I have become a new man, with the determination to live life on a di:fferent pl an, and for that reason I have re-christened myself'.--to use your phraseCharles Newman. My gratitude will know no bounds, if, in addition to what yon have already done, you will call me by that name."
When they reached the house Herbert whispered to Charles, in passing, "You can show your grntitude by keeping ' mum ' about my past career." Herbert noticed that Margaret had suddenly become grave and silent. Indeed, she was visibly startled when Charles said he would forget the past. Now, although she was engaged to him, Herbert knew he had no secure hold on her, and, with such an acquaintance as Charles Carrington under the same roof, he did not feel particularly comfortable; hence his attempt to seal the latter's lips. Foolish man I He evidently forgot there were other than
308 RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
human powers that are engaged in working ou t our destinies.
Margaret immediately retired ·to her room, declaring that she was fatigued; but the truth of it was she wanted solitude, to think out her troubled thoughts. While she was sitting at the window, absorbed in thought and gazing into space, she was suddenly awakened by a letter fluttering down from above and falling into the back garden. Impelled by instinct, she hurriedly ran down, picked the , letter up, concealed it under her bodice, and hastened back to her room .
" Wal, I declare dis is curus," exclaimed old Martha, meeting Margaret at the head of the steps. "Mr . Herbe , rt is jest burnt some letters in de grate, an' when I opened de 'door he looked so skeered he dunno what to do, an' here you runnin' up and down white as a sheet."
"Oh, you have the headache, Martha; go to bed." With this kind injunction Margaret sent Martha off, and returned to her own room. •
"Merci es! It is the last letter I wrote to Charles , and I bet he has never laid-eyes on it. How could he, when it has been in that thief's pocket all this time? Oh, how fortunate it was that it didn't get burnt and should ,, flutter by my window! Kind Fate, or whatever power it is that is intervening on my behalf, do not cease, I pray you, until you have rid me of this terrible impending danger. Oh', I always thought h~e was a snake in the grass; there always was something about him that repelled me and , made me dread him. Like a cracked pitcher, his outward appearance and manner is all right, but his heart does not give that sound and sincere ring when you thump it. Oh, what must I do? I can't show this letter to mother or tell her about it. No; that would do me more harm than him. Oh, I am so wretched ! Propriety! I don't care if it isn't exactly proper, I'll see Charles and tell him about it. Perhaps he can suggest some plan."
That same afternoon, while cutting down trees in the forest,
A FINGER OF FATE.
309 Charles was very much surprised to see Margaret, alone, approaching him.
"I hope you will pardon me, Mr. Newman, for intruding," she said, when she had drawn near. "It's a personal matter, I know, but, inasmuch as I am intimately acquainted with one of the party, and have heard your resolve to leave your former world, I have come to ask if you would not prefer to leave it with the good wishes of your former friends, and to right some wrong impressions, if possible? To whom am I referring? Well, more particularly to Miss Alice Boyce. She came up while Mr. Gresham was looking for a cab, and, being told your name, she wept as if her heart would break. In answer to my question, she told me that she had firs't corresponded with you through a paper-The Social, I believe she called it-and then she said you began to write to her, and she answered every letter. The correspondence continued smoothly until last March, when she did not receive an answer • to her letter. She waited some time and wrote another, but still no answer came; so she concluded that you were just making a fool of her."
"It's false!" shouted Charles, with clinched fists. "She has misstated the facts. She it was that first stopped writing. I answered all her letters, and, when she stopped writing, I wrote three-one after the other-asking her what was the matter. It must have been a pang of remorse, whep she saw me the first time and unconscious, and remembered how she had played with my pure love as with a toy, that made - her weep."
"I am sure you do my friend a gross injustice," replied Margaret. " She is not that ldnd of a girl. There surely must have been some misunderstanding, or possibly the letters were intercepted by a third party. Are you sure you mailed those letters you spoke ofl "
Suddenly a dark cloud came over his countenance, and he slowly answered: "No; I was rooming with Herbert at that
310 RICHMOND
COLLEGE MESSENGER.
time, and, as I was sick, he mailed them for me. Oh, theNo; he saved my life. I must forget the past."
"Did you not lose this letter i" asked Margaret, with a slight smile, as she handed him the one she had picked up from the back garden.
While .he was reading it one could almost hear his heartthrobs beat, a~d when he finished his whole frame fairly shook with rage. For several minutes he paced hurriedly to and fro, with head downcast, and then, approaching Margaret, he calmly said: "I beg pardon, miss. I could not restrain myself. I have never read this letter before. May I ask how you came across it ? "
" Would it not be better for me to take her an apology, and explain matters i" asked Margaret, cleverly avoiding an answer to his question.
"I have done no wrong, Miss Hooker, and therefore have no apology to make. Fate has seen fit to separate us, and we must abide by her rulings."
" Perhaps," answered Margaret, "that was one of Fate's caprices to separate you, only to make you more joyous and more grateful , when she finally j~ihs you ; or, to speak in Christian terms, 'God moves in mysterious ways His wonders to perform.' Will you believe me, Charlie, when I tell you that I am Alice Boyce. Yes, you are startled; you will not believe it. . Here are all the letters and little tokens you sent me. Do you recognize them 1 The letter , I first gave you I picked up in the back garden. ·Herbert threw the letters , which he intercepted into the fire, but, fortunately, this one was carried up by the draft and fluttered past my window. Ob, Charlie I I am engaged to him ; but I will die b~fore I marry him. Help me to get rid of him, and I shall be grateful to you all my life. Oh, he is so horrid ! I shudder when I approach hi~."
All this time Charles stood transfixed and mute. His voice and the power over his limbs had suddenly left him, and there
THE MINSTREL'S HARP.
311
he stood, like so-qie heathen idol with a fair worshipper before him. But, if his voice failed him, his eyes remained true, and they pictured more eloquently and graphically what was taking place within him than the richest vocabulary could possibly have done. Thus he stood for what seemed to both of them a very long time, and only when Margaret turned to go did he regain bis voice.
"He has saved my life, Alice, and I would gladly give it in defending him; but, had he saved me ten times over, be should not on that account be free to make your life miserable. He shall have the alternative of either leaving quietly, with the promise never to return again, or of risking a duel with me. Be assured that he will not make you his wife against your wishes while I am alive."
Sure enough, next morning Herbert was gone, and no one knew where.
Margaret's joy was boundless, nor (lould she conceal it. Her parents were shocked to find her so delighted at the sudden disappearance of her betrothed. But storyettes are like mathematical problems-you often foresee the results.
Three month~ afterwards invitations were issued to the marriage of Mr. Charles Newman and Miss Margaret Houker, and not only did all the families of the county attend, but many of the most prominent ones of the neighboring counties were also present. Thus at last did the beautiful , rainbow appear in the sky of Charles' world, and at the · end of it he found the still more beautiful Margaret.
The Minstrel's Harp.
BY W. MOSBY SEAY.
'Twas in the leafless winter, on a cold and star-lit night, That I beard the wandering minstrel, with hair so soft and white. His form was lithe and manly, and on his classic brow Was set the stamp of genius-a gift the gods bestow.
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
He touched his harp in accents sweet, and on the silver strings He spoke in mellow harmonies of Sprites with golden wings; I seemed to see them dancing with light and nimble feet, Tripping and -whirling and skipping, o'er the fields of snow ' and sleet. ,
I saw the moon's pale glimmer steal ,through the crystals clear, Flashing the hues of the rainbow o'er the snow-fields far and near,
And the Elfins danced and gamboled in the rays of the soft moonlight, Till the day-god scattered the shadows of the calm and beautiful night.
He struck new cho1'ds of music, , and in my soul did throng The sweetest and tend'rest fancies, as I heard the Dryad's song,A song so sweet and plaintive, I seem to hear it 'still, Floating in the evening zephyrs, o'er woodland; · vale, and hill. Far away o'er the distant mountain, where the Fawns and ' Satyrs play,
And the Sylphs and ,Fairies ramble throughout the livelong day. My hear.twas filled with rapture.'....I ,stood delighted, mute, As I heard the charming sweetness of the wood-god's piping flute.
I love this soft sweet music. 0 minstrel, play once more; For I see the form of a maiden, whom now I must adore. My heart i1;1fill ed with longing, my mind can find no rest, Till thou dost quell the raging of this storm within my breast. The minstrel looked with pity, as thus to him I spake, And soon the forest echoes the silver chords did wake; I heard the Rhine's low murmur, as the gentle echoes rang, I h ear d the Siren singing, as thus her song she sang.
She sang of love and beauty, of caves and bowers bright, Ease for the heart's fierce longing, of stars and soft moonlight; While on the boatman glided, o'er the smooth and glittering wave, Thinking ·naught of woeful death in a cold and watery grave.
THE MINSTREL'S HARP. ' 313
Below is the seething whirlpool, near where the Siren sung; The boatman recked not of dang_er, for that voice, so rich and young ,
Thrilled his very being, as ori the swift waves roll, , While down in its dark, deep waters the Sprites his deathknell toll.
One glimpse at the Siren's tresses, 01{e glaµce of her gleaming eye,
· Has told the ill-fated boatman that now he soon must die. The boat glides swiftly onward, in the air a loud wail rings, As the waters close .o'er the boatman and the Siren exulting sings.
Stop I minstrel; cease thy playing, unless thou ten to me A rare and radiant maiden returns my love so free That air could be no freer, nor crystal flood more , pure, Than the love of this fair creature whom now I must adore.
Tune thy harp, 0 minstrel, to the music of her voice; Let angels sing their preans and in the skies rejoice, But I have heard no music, by man or angel made, So sweet as the tender acc01~ts of my fair Adelaide.
Sing of her golden tresses, of her eyes so soft nnd blue, Sing of her sp ·otless purity, her heart so fond and true. Let thy harp be thus attuned, and thus thy measures be, And on thy head acrown shall shine of immortality.
[We are of tµe opinion that the author of this poem ~aught his inspiration at the entertainment given by Edward Baxter Perry, at the Woman's College. The soul-inspiring strains of music, blended in sweetest harmony with the rhythmic throbs of ,his heart, which glowed with the flames of love for a certain fair maiden just across the hall-and, behold I a poet is born . . Ho~ much of our gren,tness we owe to woman I-Ens.]
RIOHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER
A Wild Ride.
BY LEWIS L. JENNINGS.
ALF frozen, L crawled down from the carriage and '). stepped out ~pon the platform. By the dim light of an oil lamp, swinging from an arm over the station door, I saw that it was half-past 4. The "Union Express" was not dne until a quarter after 5, and three-quarters of an hour was a long time to wait for a train on such a night as this, with the mercury below the freezing point and a cold northwester blowing. After paying the driver his fare, he drove off into the night, and I was left alone in front of the little station.
I tried the door to the wait~ng-room, but it was locked; so I commenced walking up and down the track to keep myself warm. The night was intensely cold, and in fifteen minutes I could barely walk. I tried the door again, but could not open it, and had about given it up as a bad job, when it occurred to me to t-ry the window. To my delight, . it was not fastened, and I crawled into tlfeP waiting-room, where I found there was still a little fire in the stove. Bentville was not a night station, so there was no operator or ticket . agent on hand. But the "Union :F;xpress," the through ·train for Chicago, stopped there every morning for water, and it was not often that pas sengers did not take the "Express," in prefer ~ ence to waiting for the 9 o'clock local. , I ,was compelled to do it, for that hateful little telegram the evening before ordered me to report at headquarters at 10 sharp the following morning.
I stirred up the fire, and then stretched myself out on the bench close by. It still lacked twenty-five minutes of train time. I made up my mind to keep awake, but the fire was warm, and the train would rouse me anyway when it first came in; so in five minutes I was sound asleep.
· Suddenly I was awakened by four,Iong whistles, and I sprang
A
WILD RIDE .
315
to my feet. I knew what that meant. The train had not roused me when she first pulled in, and the four whistles were to call in her flagman. A thought of a scene with the boss, and a possible discharge, fl.ashed across my confused brain as I leaped towards the door. In my haste I forgot that it was locked, and, while I was fumbling with the knob, I heard the "Express" moving. Then I made a rush for the window, and scrambled out just as the last car was going by.
Luckily, I had no baggage, and I sprang on the steps of the rear coach. It was a vestibuled car, and imagine my horror when I found the doo1~slocked. I would have jumped, but the "Union" was a flyer, and, before I could gather my \ ' scattered wits, she was going ,down the long grade at the rate of forty miles an hour.
The cold wind whistled and shrieked in my ears as th~ "Express" flew onward, and my hands seemed to be fre'ezing solid to the brass rods, which I clutched with the force of grim despair.
It was a ninety-mile run to Chicago, and the "Union" did not make a stop on the way. With a shudder, I glanced down at the rails flying , so swiftly out from under the train. I could see myself lying crushed and , mangled beside them, for I realized that, unless I could stop the special, I would never be able to hang on until she reached the Union Station. My hands were numb with cold, and I attempted to draw myself up close to the side of the car and warm them in my coat; but just then the train jumped around a curve, and I was nearly thrown from the car steps, for I was on the outer or upper side of the bend. My heart almost stopped beating as I caught myself, and after that I hardly · dared to let go the railing with either hand. I shrieked for help, but the roar ·of the train drowned my voice, and then for several moments I hung on in an agonized silence, the sharp and steady whir of the wheels being broken ?nly by the monotonous "click, click, click," of the rail joints.
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
' Then a certain calmness stole over me, and I commenced to view the situation mor e quietly. Away in front-a mile it seemed to me-I could see the engineer leaning from the cab-window, his long hair flowin~ iri the wind and his loose sleeve fluttering in the breeze.
I shouted to him, and waved my hat with one hand, in a ".ain attempt to attract his attention. He did no,t see me, and my voice seemed to mock me, for I imagined I could hear its echo away back in the distance where the cruel rails seemed to merge into one.
With a roar we flashed by a station, and I saw that i,t was ' Red Hill, only six miles from BentviHe. By a great effort I managed to look at my watch. It was half-past 6, and then I knew that the "Limited" was an hour behind time. I had been , on the train only five minutes, yet an eternity had seemed to pass Just then we went around another curve, and I saw that the engine was No. 352. That m'eant Larman was at the throttle, and I knew him well enough to know that he was making up time, and that our speed was not less than sixty miles an hour. • f
My feet commenced to grow numb, and a feeling of utter despair took possession of me. I tried to reach one · of the windows and tap on it, but it was just out of reach, and I almost lost my balance in doing so. Closer I clung to the side of the car, but the piercing wind chilled me through and through, and the ·hum of the telegraph wires seemed to me .a funeral dirge. Then I tried to break in one of the small panes in the door, but the glass was heavy, and I could ' not, with my powerless · and frozen hands . , Station after station was passed, yet not a soul did I see. They were night stations, and the operators would not come on duty until 7 o'clock; and my only chance was that somewhere along the line one would see me and warn the station ahead to stop the train. My strength was fast failing, and through my tortured brain but one thought kept running:
A WILD RIDE . 317
"Until 7; until 7; if not then-ah-," and I shuddered to think of the fall.
As we passed a crossing a wagon was coming up ' the road, with an old man driving it. He jumped 'to the ground in amazement, as he saw me, and stood staring until out of sight. In_spite of my position, I could not help laughing.
"Good-bye, old fellow," I shouted; "if we don't meet again, so lo~g."
The special was blowing for Rock O1:eek. It was due there at 7 sharp. One wild prayer I sent up that Russell, the operator, would see me and flash the news to Winston in t ime to save my life. As we went up the long grade to the station I saw Rilssell going up the track to the office.
I commen~ed waving my cap and shouting fr~ntically. In my frenzy I was imploring him to save me. ·
As we flew by I threw my cap at him, and .it struck him squarely in the face. Then he saw me, and grasped my peril in a moment. Waving his hand to me, he started on , the run for his office, and a great sigh of relief went up from me.
But it was nine miles to Winston, and I was almost gone. O, God! The train was flying, yet it seemed to creep. . On across the plains it dashed, the cars swaying to and fro from the tremendous 1~oment11m. '.I'hen I heard two blasts , of the whistle and a short one, answered in the same way. With what little strength I had left I hugged the side of the car, for the " Wes tern Mail" was .approaching on the other track, and the suction of the air might draw me off . Then a crash ~s the roar of the two flying trains seemed to mingle, a blinding cloud of dust, and we had passed.
On and on we sped, while my brain was burning with a fire that seemed to burn my very soul. We passed the half-mile post from Winston; in · another minute my fate would be decided.
j ' I was fainting, and my brain was reeling. A groan . of ' '
318 RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
horror went up from me as I felt my hold loosening on the bar.
But that "grating sound! 0, thanks to God! It was the brakes being applied, and I was saved! Slowlr the train slackened her speed, and we swept into Winston. Yes; there was the danger signal flying, and the operator was on the platform waving to the engineer.
Then, as the engine passed the station, I felt myself falling. With one wild cry, my hands relaxed, and I fell. But I fell in the arms of the operator, and together we rolled on the gravel.
When I came to I was on the train, though this time wrapped snugly in a berth on the inside of the sleeper. My wild ride was over, and I dropped back on the pillows, with a shudder at the thought of my narrow escape. At one minute to 10 I reported at headquarters, with a minute to spare.
Lostf:X• ,,
On a recent Sabbath day, As I whiled the hours away, On the street-car line, I trow, From my coat lapel, somehow, It disappeared, and now I moan A butterfly pin lost and goneDecked with jewels not so rare, But for memory's sake I care; And the finder, if he bririg Back the preci ous, pretty thing, To the office of the News, What he asks I can't refuse, For she gave it, and to part From it thus would break my heart. LYNERADO.
* An advertisement for the Lynchburg News in the summer of 1899.
The Return.
I.
Nr!HERE are certain moments in every life when one falls into a reminiscent and retrospective mood. The dreamer, undertaking a balance-sheet of his existence, and reviewing what has been attempted, finds in the summary little of real merit accomplished :, for the bright .est dreams of an expectant youth lose lustre in the on-rush of years ( He who ponders over such things may conclude that he occupies a more circumscribed position in the world, a more restricted field, than he bad been wont to believe in his earlier years, and that he is only an atom in the whirl of humanity. If such moments of retrospection be rare and occasional, when they <lo present themselves a quick ad vantage should be taken of them.
Ansley had been in just such a mood for an half-hour or more, lying flat upon the mountain side, all oblivious of his surroundings. He had pulled his "straw "down over his eyes to protect him from the warm summer sun. He had been thinking over some recent happenings, and was now debating a question that was decided. He was uncertain as to whether it had been an error to leave home for college, in opposit\on to the wishes of his grandfather, who desired him to be . a farmer rather than a 'professional man. Two weeks had passed since he had left the lecture-rooms of the Universitytwo weeks of enforced idleness, for he had naught to do in his chosen career.
Delays are delightful when they serve to whet our appreciation of the objective, and ,are necessary to the realization of ideals. Ansley's life ideal was to be a successful physician, and how to put flesh and blood on this visionary was a hard, and as yet unsolved, problem. His path was not cleared for him by influence of wealth or of friends. The former
320 RICHMOND COLliEGE MESSENGER.
he lacked sadly ; the latter he had never taken th~ trouble · to acquire ) If at this ti~e he felt · the need of friends, he did not adm~t it even 1to himself. He sought no advice, and that would be all that friends would give llim, he thought; for all are quite ready to tender advice, but few followjt when received, unless it happens to fall in with what was determined beforehand, and then the adviser is marked as a wise man , ' and his praises are sounded. Ansley recalled his college life, and found little to regret. All tiiey would give him for his fees he had secured, and no time had been wasted. Few, if any, prizes had been his, y~t he was graduated well up in his class, and felt that an opportunity was all that he needed. During the next two weeks he was to be the resident physician at the ~,orest Inn, a summer hotel about twenty miles from his home. The regular attendant would bedetai~ed in the city for a fortnight. After this present engagement Ansley knew not what was to follow. On this day he had arrived at the Inn, after an early , morning drive from his mother' .s farm. A.rrang-· ing his few belongings, he had wa11:9eredup the glen to where he was now lying, endeavoring to think it out.
Stocky, close-knit, and rugged, he ·seemed a yery native, and part of the vast mountain. His face showed yet the cares and toils of th~ final examinations so lately completed; no tap ' was on the ,smoothly-chiseled features. His curving lips showed signs of a beard, though yet hardly discernible.
Ansley's patients, if any at all, must come from among the hundr~d and odd guests at the Irln. They were a healthy crowd of pleasure-seekers, and cared for no rest, nor healthgiving w~ters, but rather came to view the marvelous beauties of the far-famed Natural Bridge. They spent a large part of the day in searching out and admiring the wonders of the glen. Few penetrated so high a~ Ansle~ had come.
II .
. Yet this morning an adventurous spirit had left the beaten
32! paths that wind thr011gh the glen, and had wandered far up the mountain side, and at present was endeavoring to find a way back to the Inn. If, ·in emerging from the tangle of vines and ferns, she had chanced upon Pan, she would have been ' . less surprised than when she saw a man lying flat upon a shelflike rock, seemingly asleep. She paused a moment, and then, carefully avoiding any crackling bush, approached her discovery. Surely, she thought, this man will guide me out of my difficulties. At first she was at a loss what course to pursue-whether to call, or tQ go nearer and shake the sleeper. However, she leaned over and slowly lifted the hat from the face, and was not a little embarrassed to find her enquiring gaze met by a pair or' handsome eyes, boyish and frank. '
'' I beg your pardon," exclaimed the woman. "I hope I have not disturbed you."
The man gathered himself together, and, as his s·cattered senses returned from imaginary sick-beds in the slum settlements of a distant city, apologized for not seeing nor hearing her approach.
" You seemed asleep," she said ; "but I see you were onl_y day-dreaming. Were the dreams pleasant?" This last witl1 a quizzical smile.
"I ca~'t say they were pleasant, but then they were not entirely bad," he replied, taking a few mental notes on his fair inquisitor, making ont little save that she was quite a pretty woman. He was no judge of femininity, having known few women intimately, yet she rather pleased him. Beauty at times depends upon 1·eputation; at others the meeting of no objection by the eye will constitute it.
" Where did you come from, and how did you get way up here?" he asked.
"Easily answered," she laughed. "I climbed up here, and came from the In ,n, where I am stopping. And now, if yon please, I'd like you to help me down into the glen, so that J may return for lunch. These climbs give one such an appetite.!1
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
"You say you are J,taying at the Inn," said Ansley. "Then you will be a patient of mine-that is, if you are taken sick, for I am the physician in charge." He bowed, taking off his hat.
"My name is Ansley-Doctor 'Herbert Ansley. Very much at your service, my dear Miss--." Ile paused, trusting that she would fill out his sentence. Bluntness is never to be mistaken for familiarity. "What name did you say 1"
She laughed a rich, full-throated note. "I didn't say; but if you are further interested, Doctor, yon will find, , upon our return to the Inn, that I registered on the last line of yesterday's page."
"So kind of you," he said; "I'll look you up, yon may believe."
They began the ' descent from their high resting-place. Far below them ran the little creek that win9s its way the whole glen through, sparkling in the iight. The dark foliage tnrew deep shado~s upon the streatn, and the su,nlight only spotted the rippling surface. The roarin,g of the falls, a quarter of a mile away, seemed to furnish the ' bass to the melody-that , Nature played with all her wild abandon on this June day. The singing bird, the waving bough, the restless brook, all were in unison with the deep monotone of _ the cataract. ·
Carefully Ansley wound his way · through the tangled vine and fa]]en · shrn b, under arbor-vhre trees, primeval ·giants of the glen. Many times she slipped and slid, only to be caught and placed upon he1· feet again. She admired his athletic build, so easily surmounting the obstacles that barred their progress. When they had come to the creek they found that the path sought lay just across the water, There was no way of crossing save upon a few stones, and these quite slippery.
"I fear,i: said _Ansley, "I'll have to carry -you 9 ver this stream, for there is no other way unless we re-climb the ~ountain." He made the remark in about the same tone as if he had proposed to carry a sack of meal. He was extremely
THE RETURN. 323 matter-of-fact, and if there was anything romantic attached to this little encounter he had as yet failed to ~ee it. His companion blushed just a little, and thereby confirmed Ansley in his conclusion that she was handsome-that is, he thought she was, which is much to the same purpose.
"You don't mind, do you," he asked, as she hesitated, "Oh, no; it's great fun," she replied; '' such a lark, you know." ,
However, sJrn gave a quick glance up and down the glen before she intimated to him that he might proceed.
Stooping slightly, he gathered her up and started across, carefully picking his way. He went rather fast in the beginning, but as the novelty of the thing appealed to him he lagged.
"Won't you please hurry," she pleaded. "I am sure I must be quite a burden, and then some one might pass."
."No, you're not heavy. I was thinking how peculiar it was that you shou 1d be the first woman I've ever held in my arms, · and I don't even know your name, and have only seen you this once."
He failed to understand why she seemed to freeze up so thoroughly when he placed her upon the ground, and tlrn icy precision of the "Thank you" . she gave him sounded queerly.
III.
If Ansley had met this woman in some parlor, and had been with her for an half-hour, it is extremely doubtful that he would have remembered her face a week, or given her a second thought; but the unconventionality of the affair rather struck him, and after he had walked with her to the Inn he went over the chance meeting in detail. He walked ·over to the register, where he saw upon the indicated line, legibly written, in a stub-pen style, the name, "Eloise Armistead, Colorado," . and just above it," Mrs. John Armistead, Sr., Colorado." Mother and daughter, he coi;icluded. ; .
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
"Miss Armistead-Eloise Armistead," mused Ansley . "Not a half-bad name, Eloise; and she hails from Colorado . Well, I think I'll see some more of you, Miss E loise."
That night, after dinner, h~ approached her, seated on the broad portico of the Inn.
"Good evening, Miss Armistead," he said; "I hope yon are quite rested from this morning's climb."
She gave a slight start as he called her" Miss Armistead," for she saw the mistake he had fallen into by her registering as she had. ' She had purposely written it as Ansley read it, rather than writing" Mrs. John Armistead, Jr."
Ansley, noticing the momentary start, smiled. " You see," said he, "I've followed your direction, and have consulted the register." ,
She felt that she should correct the false impressio!} this young doctor had gotten, and tell him of the husband she left back in Colorado; but the innate spirit of coquetry, as some people term it-others call it deviltry-checked her.
"How nice of you to loolr ' me up," she said. "Won't you sit down." She indicated a seat by her side.
The Doctor took the chair. She was the only woman he knew, and she was as novel to the place as was he. He could but notice her marked beauty, so handsomely displayed in the light, airy evening dress she wore. His admiration was quite plain, but, as she was one of those women who not only expect homage of all men, , but usually get it, she was quite pleased at his frank, though mute, approval. What one says is not always conclusive proof of what one means, and a compliment is seldom literally true, but the quick bestowal of an admiring glance sometimes ~eans more than a surfeit of soft nothings. .
If Eloise tried to be particularly bright and interesting in her talk to-night, and thereby ensnare Ansley's budding interest, she was not to blame; it is in a woman's province so to do, and when the occasion demands few scorn the task.
THE RETURN. 325
They danced an9 chatted the evening away, and when the Doctor retired he felt that he bad never met quite so charming and altogether entertaining a person.
IV.
Two weeks is short, and yet much may happen in no longer tirne. In half this period a great work was once completed, and there were leisure moments. Under the influence of the southern sun and summer moon Ansley's interest in Eloise Armistead grew into more than an interest. They spent the greater part of their waking hours to g ether, driving over the mountains or making sketching tours, for Eloise was I quite 'facile with her pencil. All the mysteries of the glen had been explored. '
Eloise saw with alarm the chain she was so securely welding about her willing subject. This alarm was, however, tinged, and probably imbued, with a touch or more of conscious pride of conquest. She had not planned such an outcome, but had drifted along, not knowing where it must I end, and caring less. If she did flirt a little, and encourage Ansley's attentions, whose affair was it. It was a fair game, open and above-board, she argued with herself; and could , not two play at it? But all the while she knew the game was one for keeps with Ansley, and he played with a great deal of care. Any way, she k'new the end was near, for to-morrow morning's train would carry her to the West, and Ansley would go to the city.
This afternoon was to be their last · together, and they were going for one more stroll at 5 o'clock. In all their walks and ' talks and trips no word had escaped . Ansley intimating aught else save friendship : He had said or done nothing, she thonght, that she could reproach herself for when she met her husband. She did not love him of her marriage vows, yet he 'had her greatest respect. She was one of thdse creatures incapable of experiencing the highest happiness; she
326 RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
could not appreciate a great love, nor even a small one. Such people exist and roam 'at large, without any distinguishing mark. They should be tagged, Heartless, but not Harmless. Beware!
(TO :SE CONTINUED,)
Myrtabel.
BY W, RUSSELL OWEN.
I never saw my sister. I often hear my mother speak of her. Though I have never seen her, yet I feel she is my sister.
' Nor I knew h ~r, nor I saw her, Still I know her just as wellThis happy, gay, and loving Little Myrta;bel; . As now playing, arid now sleighing, On the fields and on the snowPure Myrtabel !
While the dew of morning's blushes On the flowers as kisses fell, She tore her and she bore her Off, my Myrtabel ! Yet I've missed her, this my sister, Though not once I saw at allOur Myrtab el.
And her natal song of harp sound s Turned its singing to a knell, For the gone, departed, dying Little Myrtabel I ' Still is s taying, as yet playing, Something of the life and form Of Myrtab el I
ANTI-SEMITISM AND IT l:5CAUSES
As the crimson to the traveler, Quite belated in the dell, Still lingers after sunset, . So di:d Myrtabel. And above her I will love her, While her spirit, s'till in heaven, As a dream to me is given.
0 Myrtabel I ,
Anti-Semitism and ·Its Causes~
BY JACOB BILLIKOPF.
~NTI-SEMITIC feeling still runs high. That it is especially strong in those parts of Europe and Africa wher e the Israelites are numerous is indubitabl e , and it may be s afely asserted that never, even in the quietest times, is this feeling wholly extinct. The popular outbreaks again st the J ews are so frequent and so violent in character that th ~ir horrors have baflled the power of brush and pencil.
Of bitterness and of persecution, of suffering beyond man's power to describe its depth, of all that is sad and ,sorrowful, the history of the Jewish nation bears tearful testimony. As he turns the pages of its history, the studef!-t encounters two marvellous facts. He wo'nders at the ferocity nec essary to enact such a horrible tragedy, and then he won<;l.ershow the Jewish race survived.
It would be a vain and painful task to recite the thousandth part -of what history tells us here. And , it is certain that ,history does not in this case, a~ in many others, fal sify the facts . These narratives were all written by the actors, who took a horrid pride in recounting their infamy.
We are all more or less acquainted with the history of the Jews in Spain, the birth-place of the Inquisition. In the very sa~e year when Columbus discovered Arneric ; , a queen, called "the gentle and virtuous Isabella," propo sed adecree
328
RICHMOND
COLLEGE MESSENGER.
for the expulsion of all the Jews from Spain. The Jews were at that time rich, because they were thrifty, temperate, and industrious. They were a numerous people, and better educated than their persecutors. Yet such a kind woman and Christian queen proposed to annihilate them by a stroke of her pen. The eminent Jew, Abarbanel, who was 'royal treasurer, pleaded earnestly, and used all the weight of his influence, his character, and his services against this suggested cruelty. He even condescended to bribe the king. But the mercenary monarch hesitated. At this .instant the queen urged the relentless enforcement of the decree. It was published that either all the Jews-men, women, and childrenshould leave Spain, or they should take up the Christian religion. Statistics show that from twenty thousand to eight hundred thousand persons were banished by this fatal edict; that two thou_sand people were burned in the province of Cadiz, and that from two hundred and eighty to four hundred in the city of Seville alone; that when \ the fierce monk, Torquemada, was appointed chief inquisitor, t~n thousand persons were burned at the stake and ninety-seven thousand underwent various other punishments. Think, if you can, of the thousands of human beings burnt against God's will ! Think of the painful su:1dering of old associations, of the last visit to the grave! Contemplate the sorrowful pilgrimage to the coasts, the transport to inhospitable shores-perhaps to a barbarous enemy, who seized helpless women and children, I and murdered them ! 0, it was a most horrible scene! Still the unheeded cry for mercy is heard coming down to us through the tranquil galleries of four centuries, and the prayer for pity is o~ly answered by the murderer's derision. Turn this blood-bespattered, tear-bedewed page over, and we come to the horrible crusade against the Jews in France, ( when every Jew in the provinces was burned on account of the results of the horrible plague which raged in France at that time and was ascribed to the Hebrews.
In Germany, too, their history for centuries is a hideous · chronicle of human cruelty and endurance. · Even ii:Engla'i1d their persecution, as sketched in Sir Walter Scott's" Ivanhoe," is nothing to the lurid picture -which he might have drawn . Under the cowardly, dissolute, unprincipled, and untrustworthy John, the Jews were forced , to suffer all kinds of persecutions.. which men had been sufficiently cruel tq invent.
Next we conie to the times of Edward III., 'when the wrongs and miserie 's of the Jews in England reached their climax; when that king, pressed by the ry.edifeval Haman~, signed a decree which ordered every , Jew in the kingdom, under penalty of being hanged, to leave England. Of the 15,000 , or 16,000 Jews that were banished from England, very many perished on their journey, ·either from sickness or from cruelty inflicted upon them. ,It was a very deplorable condition of affairs. , ·
And now, after all these centuries of persecutions which the Jews h~ve borne, one might think that the nations should . at last have become more humane to the Israelites. But we · shudder at the brutal . policy of Russia to-day, whose inhuman and almost incredible outrages upon the Jews have drawn · forth a world-wide sympathy and a protest almost unprecedented ' in.its swiftness.
Who does not recollect the terrible riot that occurred in 1882 against the Jews, when men were murdered, women .outraged, and children dashed to pieces and burned alive; whole streets of Hebrew dwellings were razed to the ground and desolated by fire; thousands of families reduced to beggary and banished from their homes; , wheri one hundred towns and villages felt the scourge of this persecution; when three hundred houses and shops were plundered in Warsaw alon·e, while a garrison of soldiers was kept in the barracks and made no motion 1 Is there any one who has not heard of the riot that ' occurred a few years ago in the city of Minsk, where many Jews were either killed or left penniless, and
330 RICHNIOXD COLLEGE MESSENGER.
where afterwards, instead of arresting the rioters, the Jews who defended their brethren were arrested for breaking the law in interfering in this affair? But these are merely small performances in comparison with the volume of restrictions placed upon the Jews by this anti-Semitic government.
Let us penetrate now into enlightened Germany, and see with how much vaunted pride she is endeavoring to discriminate against the Jews, socially and politically. In fact, there is no capital in Europe where this down-trodden race · is boycotted to such an extent by the highest classes of society as in Berlin, the Lutheran portion of the nobility manifesting against them more animosity than everi the Catholics.
But this is not only true of Germany. In Hungary also the aristocracy is opposed to the Jews, but not to such an extent. One can form a slight idea of how great the prejudice of the Hungarian nobility ,is against the Hebrews from the following incident : " Some time ago," quotes a correspondent in the New Y,ork Tribune, "the Prince of Wales, having accepted an ,i1;1vitation to stay at Kasthely with Connt Ja sselo Festelin, sent on in advance the list of the party whom he was bringipg with him, and which included the name of a well -known · Hebrew financial magnate, of whom the Prince was very fond. The Count at once wrote to the Prince to say that und ·er no circumstances would he consent to receive the Hebrew financier beneath his roof, and that sooner than do so 'he would prefer to forego the honor of a visit from the British heir-apparent."
While the hatred that exists towards the Jews in Germany and Hungary is mostly with the nobility, in Austria it is the contrary. Here one may daily witness demonstrations against the Jew by the lower classes-the nobility being more liberal. Thi s may be shown by the fact that such aristocrats as Prince Windischgratz, Count Badeni, and Count Taaffe have been driven out of office mainly because they have opposed antiJewish legislation, and now the destinies of Austria are
ANTI-SEMITI,SM AND ITS CAUSES. ;::31
confined to a narrow-minded man, of plebeian origin, who has succeeded in reaching the pinnacle of his career by exhibiting antipathy toward the Hebrew race, and also by obeying the orders ,of the father of Austrian anti-Semitism, Dr. Lenger, whose motto is:" Let us drive out all the Jews of Vien~a, and wrest from the ·Hebrew bankers and capitalists the money which they have acquired from us by improper means."
Now let us give our attention to Rournania, whose antiSemitism is almost co-extensive with that of her great rival, Russia. There is not a country at present, with the exception of the Czar's domain, that so maltreats the Jews. Here are some facts and statistics ~hich will demonstrate to the reader how the race is treated in Ronmania and Galicia. In the last-named country there are 772,000 Jews. Of these 70 per cent. live in towns and 30 per cent. in the villages. In the rural districts there ar~ a few hundred large landed proprietors, while the rest of the Jewish rural population is made up of small traders-owners of brandy booths. And is it a wonder that the majority of the people flock to such business as conducting brandy booths and other small shops? In agricultural schools Jewish pupils are not accepted, and there are no subventions for Jewish pupils whatever, and no opportunities for them to take situations when they have passed examinations. By a Christian artificer a Jewish pupil is not accepted. The trades of farrier, carriage painter, cooper, type-founder, glover, wood-carver, &c., are carried on by the Christians, and not a Jew is admitted to them, even though he has studied the trade in a foreign larid. He can only practice after obtaining a certificate showing that he has worked for three years in the workshop of a Galician master. What wonder, then, that there are 320,000 poverty -stricken Jews in Galicia! What wonder, then, that the anti-Semitic pressure on the Jew forces him to emigrate , from the country to the towns, where he hopes to obtain, by mental or manual labor, at least the barest means of existence. The result, then,
332 RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
is easily seen ; the situation becomes worse and worse, and the share of necessities of life becomes smaller' and smaller.
In France an.ti-Semitism has assumed another aspect, and the recent demonstrations in the Dreyfus case were purely anti-Semitic.
In general, summ.ing up the evidence concerning antiSemitism all over the world, we must come to the conclusion that the following motto, "to rob them, exile them, to torture them," have been and are the watch-words of the Israelite's foes.
And now, why has all this misery been, and is yet, inflicted upon the Jews~ First, because they are said to have crucified Jesus; bnt, as a matter of fact, the Jews did not crucify Christ-it was the Romans who scourged him and finally nailed him to the . cross. If it be even true that, as claimed by .some, a small priestly sect of the Jews solicited bis death, is it fair, then, to condemn an entire nation for the actions of a few, and to persecute innocent descendants after nineteen hundred years · have passed by i That would be a very dangerous precedent to establish ! According to that, we ought to persecute the Greeks for causing Socrates to 9rink the fatal cup; the Italians, because so many martyrs were thrown to the lions in the Rom~n Coliseum; the English, _ for the flames at Smithfield; the French, for the Eve of St. Bartholomew, and the dreadful and bloody Spaniards for the horrors of the Inquisition I The Jews are not the only people who have put to death some of their teachers; such conduct is as old as history. Take up that of the medireval ages, and see with how much vaunted pride certain nations put to death some of their teachers, especially those who, for the benefit of the world, made certain inventions and discoveries. In any case I would like to know what right have certain nations to act as executioners i " Vengeance is Mine; I will repay," said the Almighty.
Secondly. We are all aware of the fact that the Jews are
AN:TI-SEMITISM AND ITS CAUSES. 333 often . reproached with being merely :financiers, and not following industrial or pastoral pursuits. But why is this? Because they are in many countries ostracized from the society of the Christians. Even when they are not made the victims of actual barbarity, they are refused a voice in the administration of public affairs; denied the honor of military service. Excommunicated at the same time from legal protection and Christian charity, it influenced them to form their own little communitie~, to perfect their own system of private beneficence, to administer their own a~airs with scrupulous ' exactness, to practice the art of peace, and to keep their 'eyes constantly to the chance of gaining , an inch of ground from the common and universal enemy. Accordingly they have been red'uced to :finance.
But let me assert right here that, although masses of thoughtless people raise the c1;y of capitalistic Jew, Hebrew million- . aire, &c., Jews are not wealthy in _compariso~ to the Aryans. Let us take, for instance, our own country. Ever since we became a nation, and a long time before that ,glorious event, Jews have lived in oudand. ,They have witnessed the golden days of prosperity, have lived irnder the bright rays of enormous wealth amassed by the genius and enterprise of our people; yet there is not a single American Jew whose wealth can be compared with that of such modern Croosuses 1 and Orassuses as the Vanderbilts, the Astors, the Go~lds, the Rockefellers, , the Morgans, the Pullmans, and others. . I may also safely say that the Jews of New :York do not possess as much wealth as the fortunes of the Vanderbilts and the Rockefellers. This assertion is not only true as regard£ New York, but it is equally applicable to other parts of the United States.
In Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis, and other cities of the country, the commerce is not owned by1 the Jews, but the Aryans. Who controls the trusts, the railroads, and the ' "soulless corporations "-the very Sodom and Gomorah of our nati'on-if not the Christians ?
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER. /
Of course, there are some wealthy Jews in Europe, l;>utthey have done magnificent work with their money. Mark the striking characteristics of the representative Jewish millionaire of Europe, Baron Rothschild, and one of the r(3presentative Christian millionaires of America, like Gould, and yon will easily find out that, while one distributes a ye;i,rly charity of 100,000 francs among the poor, no matter to what nationality or creed they belong, the other lately caused the death of his own brother, who died in poverty, and whose family has ~ow to meet the fierce wolf at their door. This is not only the case with the Rothschild, , but with the remaining few millionaires also, for we are all more or less acquainted with the philanthropy of the grand benefactor of his race, Sir Moses Montefiore. He was so well known for 1 his benevolence that on the hundredth anniversary of his birth (1884) he received the hoipage of the whole civilized world; and it was ' he who first suggested the scheme of rescuing his persecuted brethren and forming them into well-managed colonies in ' various countries. Bis scheme was 'ably seconded by his successor in benevolence, the late Baron de Hirsch, whose charity was on a scale unprecedented in the annals of philanthropy, for he gave $15,000,000 for the relief of his outcast co-religionists, and even till her death the widow 9f the deceased Baron was distributing a great deal of charity all over the world. The mere enumeration of the Jewish philanthropists and . the grand tasks they have performed would require a volume in itself.
Again. The Jews are often blamed ' for their fondness for jewels. But for centuries they were compelled to carry their wealth in that portable and easily-secreted form, for the Jew was the ball that ·every Christian power could pitch ' and toss at the heart's will. Any bigoted priest, any stupid peasant, any impecunious robber baron and covetous and despotic king could stir up the Jewish nat1on. The order of an , imbecile prince or some mediaival Haman sufficed to drive
ANTI-SEMITISM AND ITS
CAUSES.
335 the Jews from their homes. Is it a wonder, then, that they sought to invest their money in property that could be easily transported in case of emergency, to which the Jews were often subjected?
But, leaving the ancient and medireval times, let us turn to the present. Can any one of my readers form an idea as to how many millions of dollars were taken away from the poor Jews when the terrible ukase issued by Alexander III. with his accession to the throne was published, tha~ in twentyfour hours all the Jews should be driven out from the large ' cities? 0, it was a terrible time for the old Jewish inhabitants of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kieff, Riga, &c. ! How many families were ruined, while their property was taken away by the Government! Those ~ho succeeded even in selling some of their goods to the Christians •during their stay of twentyfour hours received very meagre prices. 0, it is very sad to remember how the miserable ~nd wretched Jewish merchants, lawyers, doctors, and others, with their families, had to depend · afterwards upon the mercy of their brethren from the Lithuanian States! Is it a wonder, then, after al1 this misery, that wherever you travel now in Russia, particularly in those parts where the Jews are thickly settled, you will find that the Hebrew race has mostly invested its money in jewels 1 You will find very often in Russia that as soon as a couple gets married the bride's dowry is q?ickly converted into that easily portable shape. I repeat it again, that, in comparison with the Aryans, Jews are not wealthy. Wealth has not been counted a mark of distinction among this people. Science, scholarship-these are honored and revered. The teacher, the thinker-thes~ are Zion's aristocracy. If in some cases the Jews are more successful than their Aryan neigh hors, the main cause thereof is not a miracle~ nor a special interference of Providence, but their success is mainly due to the love of their families, their devotion to
336 RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
their elders, as 'well as to mercy and kindness, and their habits of temperance.
I cannot end without uttering the famous Divine command, "Let there be light! " For wherever light exists there it displaces the darkness of prejudice ; and where there is no prejudice there can be n.o hatred, but only mutual esteem and forbearance, and the love of God's swe,etest gift-peace.
Oh, BlissfulHour!
'Twas on a summer's 11ight, The moon was shining bright, The winds were sighing gently through the trees; And it did seem to me, All wrapped in reverie, A song of love was borne on every breeze. The heavens were all on fire; The evening stars formed a celestial choir.
We, 'neath the willow tree, Seated on an old settee; Heaven's canopy o'er us, all dotted with gold, Were fixed in steadfast gaze, While my so~l Wasall ablaze, With emotions which cannot ,vith words be told. Her charms did me o'erwhelm; I was, a storm-tossed ship-no captain at the helm.
Such music in her voice, That had I e'en the choice Of hearing Heaveu 's meloµious silver chime Break forth in song divine, Move in symplionious time; Nay I rather give me her voice, with melody so sweet, That it my soul may thrill, And with angelic echoes my heart forever fill.
CONSOLATION?
And from her eyes of blue, Vlith a bright sapphiric hne, There flashed a gleam touch e d with a ho]y fire. Her tresses of rippling gold, Not cast in earthly mould, Formed a crown most lovely to admire. She was in apparel so arrayed That she seemed like an angel to have been made.
How blissful was the hour I When und~r love's great power, We sat and wooed to our heart's content. My talk was not in vain, For readily did she deign Not to spurn my oft-rejected plea. Oh, blissful.houri oh, bour ,of peace! Happy memories o'er me to steal will never cease. ' 337
WHO WROTE IT?
Consolation?
Is there, mortal, is there, Can mortal tell me, is the .re Hope amid all desolationHope and joy and consolation? Is there, do you tell me, Can some one tell me, is there Any consolation?
Tell lJle, will you tell me, Will some one tell me, tell me, If, when aill my joy is sadness, If, when choked the founts of gladness; Tell me, do you tell me, Do some one tell me, tell me, Is there consolation ?
338
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
Show me, will you show me, Will some one show me, show m e, Where, when all life's vase is shattered, Where, when all the bits are scattered; Show me, do you show me, Do some ona show me, show me, Where there's consolation ?
Lead me, will you lead me, Will some one lead me, lead me, Thence, when dark begins to brighten, Thence, when hope begins to heighten; Lead me, do you lead me, , Do some ,one lead me, lead me, To this consolation.
Upward, can you tell me, If upward this elixir , Springs, this sweet forgetful Lethe ? If this soothing garland wreath he Twineth, then 'tis downward, Downward, listen, downward Grows this consolation.
Whether upward, downward, Springs this fount, grows this garland, Truth, coDsolation still is living, 'l'ruth, consolation still is giving Living water, hear me, Giving garlands, listen l This is consolation. ,
The New Moon to the Old Moon.
Lullaby-you, mother mine, ' Rock we ,in the wintry west; Round you close my arms entwine, Hold you to my bosom prest; One big star goes wand'ring by, W ond 'ring at our lullaby. '
THE LAST MESSAGE. Spin t~10nights a time ttlong, Rocking here within the west, Baby mine will croon a song, Holding me upon her breast, And a stat may wander by, Wond'ring at our lullaby.
Lullaby-you, mother mine, 339 Rock we in the wintry west, Sleep, while baby arms entwine, While your baby dreams of rest, While the star goes wand'ring by, Wond'ring at our lullaby.
L. R.H.
The Last Message.
BY SIDNEY T. MATTHEWS, JR:
Tell her about the heartache, Tell her the longings, too; Tell her the baffled purpose, When we scarce knew what to do; Then, leaving all our weaknesses With One divinely strong, . Forget we bore away the burden And carried away the song.
Tell her how I loved her, When we were young and gay; , Tell her that I still adore her, Though sh~ be far away; 'fell her not to forget me When I am old and gray, But always remember me, 'fill I shall pass away.
Tell her not to weep for me, Or sob with drooping head ; For I am nearing the golden streets, With a glad triumphant tread; Tell her that I see the angels, Standing 'round the great white throne, Singing the sweet melodious song, " Welcome, wanderer; welcome home ! ''
With this issue of TH~ MESSENGER it passes from GREETING! the hands of an able and experienced editor-inchief into those of an inexperienced noviee. The present incumbent is cognizant of the marked ability of his predec .essor, Mr. Gwaltney, and is deeply impressed with the perfectiqn with which he has perfo:rmed his duty as editor-inchief. He keenly feels the responsibility which comes with the assumption of the duties of the office, and hesitates before the task. But he promises to bring into assertion his best efforts to m'aintal.n the excellent literary standard of THE MESSENGER,and to place it among the foremost college magazines of the country.
He wishes to ·s,ay that, according to his opinion, a college magazine should represent studept thought, and ·should give expression to student productions; and ·he desires to give notice that his •supreme desire is to exist only as an instrument by and through which the magnanimous spirit, pure thoughts, and best productions of the student body may find expression. Therefore we solicit qpntributions , from all students of the institution, and promise that each article shall receive close and critical attention, a11dshall be published if of sufficient literary merit.
We wfah to extend a special invitation to our honored "co-eds -." to lend their support. We have looked during the entire session for an article from some ·one of them, and in vain. We need your .support and your smiles.
Let the students make use of the columns of THE MESSENGER by handing to the editor-in -chief well-prepared manuscripts on popular themes, and by this means qe a help to self and push forward the work of THE MESSENGE~- A noble thought buried deeply in the heart brings no real enjoyment
EDITORIAL. ,341 to its possessor, and adds no fuel to the flash-lights of literature. Many worthy ideas are lost because 'they are not sent adrift upon the world's tidal wave, and many minds are dwarfed for want of ,activity. ,
We ask that you ~ill uphold our hands and lend your s11-pport, that THE MESSENGERmay reflect credit upon the literary societies and the College whose interests it represents, and that the coming twelve mouths may be the crownit1g year of its History. ,
Thanking you for the honor conferred upon us, we respe~tfully make our bow and enter the sanctum.
In one of his interesting practical talks, a few UNIVERSl'fY mornings ago, P1:ofessor Mitchell urged upon TRAINING. the ministerial students the necessity of university training. , He · referred to the fact that our grandfathers in the ministry took ad vantage of the colleges organized in 1830 and 1832; our fathers grasped the opportunity presented to them in 1859 for more systematic theological training in the seminary, and "now," said he, "it is incumbent upon us to take advantage of the opportunities presented to us by the great universities of the land."
These words of our beloved Professor were most . appropriately chosen, and his suggestions were wisely made. · University-trained men are needed in our pulpits, and there is a continual demand for such men. But cannot this be as truly said of the other vocations of life ? Do we not need university-trained men at the bar, on the judge's bench, on the hustings, and in the political offices~ Are not the academies and colleges demanding university graduates to fill the professorships?
Culture holds a pre-eminen~ place among the essential conditions and elements of usefnlness-c~lture that is broad, deep, and diversified, storing the mind with the choice fruits
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER. ,
of study, compacting 'and disciplining its powers for strong and skillful ·action in the hour of need. It m~kes men mighty among men. Then should not culture, in its highest, noblest form, be the middle ana' end~ng of our lives, as it has already been the beginning 1 Should we not lay that broader and deeper foun<;lation for the future usefulness of life which the university so ably furnishes? It was a memorable saying of the great artist, Michael Angelo, when, with the burden of eighty years upon him, he was found alone in the solitary recesses of the Coliseum, musing on the monuments of ancient architecture, "I am still at my lessons." This simple phrase, "still at my lessons," reveals the w~ole secret of growth in all truly great ipinds, and _furnishes the key to the wonderful achievements of some. Earth spreads before the edu 'cated man an ample field for exertion. It invites to , worthy ends, J nspires with bright hopes, and awards with great honors the best-trained scholars of earth. , Let us, then 1 endeavor to keep up Richmond College's reputation for sending men to the universities, and year by year enlarge our number of representatives in the best universities of this country and Europe.
It is not the purpose of the editor to assume PLAGIARISM. the position of 1 calamity howler, but to speak, in a general way, of an evil which so many people tolerate. I speak of the evil of plagiarismthe assimilation of other people's ideas as our own, and the appropriation of their language ·as a vehicle in which to transport our borrowed ideas.
Perhaps thi s evil is more predominant among college students than any other class of people. A good many students (in most respects clever young men) indulge freely in this vice, and console themselves with the idea -that they have created some literary production:--an essay, debate, or
oration-when, in fact, they have simply ransacked countless volumes, and gathered a thought here, a phrase or quotation there, a~d fitted them together,' without giving any credit whatever to their author.
While it is true our ideas are not our own, and have to be gotten, more or less, from reading, conversation, and observation, yet we are not licensed to .take them wholesale from others-not onlv skeleton, but meat, and, in many cases, clothing. Too freq~ently, when we have some literary task to ' perform, do we let the pressure of class wor~ be a pretext for securing the easiest and quickest means to an end.-
Not only does this literary theft find place at the regular meetings of the literary societies, but there is a strong tendency to avail ourselves of it in our public literary exhibitions. Not unfrequently have we heard of a young man, represented as the " star'' of his society, appearing before an at1dience and trying to feed them upon "original" thoughts that were hatched in a more masterly mind than his own ; and yet he hopes to elicit the esteem and applause of an intelligent audience. One might as well try to make people believe the second-hand wares bought from a junk-shop are new as to hope to convince them that his second-hand ideas are original. The people are not the ones who snffer from the perpetration of such a fraud; but the one who practices such base deception is heaping shame upon his own head and bringing himself to grief.
It is hard for us to conceive of a college student endeavoring to forge such a cheat upon the people, and yet we frequently hear of them. It 'was only a few weeks ago that our mail-box was flooded with advertisements of Colchester, Roberts & Co., "writers of all kinds of literary productions, Tiffin, 0." These 'incubators of fraud and deception claim to be supplying college students in this and foreign lands with essays, debates, and orations for prize contests, and say that •a great number have won medals upon these selections. Such an institution is a stain upon America's soil, and ought to be wiped out of existence, and the student who would patronize suah a literary pest should be beneath the dignity of our recognition, unworthy of the rank of a student, or the name of a gentleman.
Th~ first inter-collegiate debate ever held in Virginia took place at Richmond College , Friday, March 2d. RandolphMacon and Richmond were the contesting colleges. The Ashland students, to the number 1of 150, came to Rtchmond on a special train, and, prior to the debate, marched up Grace street, singing " Richmond College Lies Mouldering in the Grave," and "Glory be to Randolph-Macon." With their faculty they .occupied seats in the left wing of the Assembly Hall. -An imn:iense crowd filled the hall. Many stood during the debate.
The address of welcome was made by President W. Harry Griffith. He ~endered tqe visitors a · most cordial welcome, and voiced the 'sentiment of the entire College when he expressed the wish that the debate of 1900 would establish a precedent. ·
Mr. J. Day Lee, of Richmond College, gave a reading, the subject of which was " Trick Against Trick," and he was followed by Mr. J. C. Copenhaver, of Randolph-Macon, who gave a dialectic declamation entitled "De Party."
After a selection by the orchestra, the debate was begun, the question being: "Resolved, That a Policy of Territorial Expansion on the Part of the United States Would Involve Imperialism." The affirmative was argued by Messrs. Earl Riley and John W. Shackford, while Messrs. Fred. W. Moore and J. Emerson Hicks defended the negative.
The first speaker was Mr. Riley, of Ohio. He claimed that this nation was about to adopt a policy, and that policy must necessarily result jn imperialism. In order to determine de-finitely regarding this new policy, the spirit and letter of the Constitution should be definitely ascertained. The spirit of the Constitution is democratic in every particular; that the
COLLEGIAN A.
fundamental principle of the Government was that go': ernment derived its right from the consent of the governed; that no provision was made for the policy of expansion that the United States are about to adopt. He admitted that the , country had expanded from time to time, but the territo 'ry annexed was contiguous, and with the prospect of entering Statehood later on . The decisions of the Supreme Court grant the power to acquire territory ~nly as it is derived from the power to admit new States. The territory annexed was not foreign, as in the case of the Philippines. Here the rights, races, ideas, and conditions are entirely at variance with our Government, and only a small portion of the nation are capable of self -government. .
Mr. F. W. Moore, of Norfolk, answered this argument by saying that the United States w ere, by the adoption of this policy of territorial expansion, emerging from their posi~ion of isolation and casting off their extreme conservatism. Advancement to the highest stage of ,national evolution 1 requires an exten sion of legislative powers into new territory. Such an expansion involves neither the centralization of power nor an abuse of the domestic functions of government. He pointed out the fact that, though the country has been constantly adding to her possessions, imperialism had never become the form of government, and that the rights of the governed h,ad never been abridged. Provisional government, which will be established in the foreign possessions, meant only the adoption of a form of government best suited to the needs of the people. The forcible suppre ssion of revolt does not involve centralization of power. Civil government cannot .be established until order is restored. He cited the terms offered to the inhabitants of N egros, and stated that, with two exceptions, they are almost identical with the laws of Massachusetts, South Carolina, and Mississippi. These two exceptions-the denial of suffrage for President and for representatives in the Federal Congress-do not involve imperial-
846
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
ism. The spread of Anglo -Saxon civilization, as evi!}ced in its system of polity, i s not a question of latitude and longi~d& , )
Mr. J .. W. Shackford, of Bedford, declared that the form of government must necessarily be imperialistic. The policy is opposed to the provisions of the Constitution, and centralization of power will result. Alaska, though comparatively a foreign territory, would, it was recognized, be settled by Americans-people familiar with republican institutions. There were two kinds of governments-one held together by common interests, the other by a centralization of power. Under the new conditions the latter form would necessarily be adopted.
Mr. J. Emerson Hicks, of Tennessee, followed Mr. Shackford. He stat~d that republicanism and imperialism cannot co-exist. The policy of the United States has always been expansion and increase of territory, and this has never involved centralization of power. Increase of wealth, brought about by expansion, has not involved imperialism. The United States have expanded from an area of 827,000 square miles to a country having an area of' 3,000,000 square miles. , Expansion, he claimed, removed the possibilities of danger arising from the centralization of capital. Expansion opened new fields and offered new opportunities for development. The greatest despotisms the world has ever known are those whose territory is contiguous. No one will dare deny that Great Britain has grown freer as she has grown territorially. This territory is scattered all over the globe. The acquisition of territory does not necessarily mean imperialism, neither is imperialism able to exist under our form of government.
Mr. Hicks was followed by Mr. Moore in rebuttal of Messrs. Riley's and Shackford's arguments. Mr. Shackford concluded the argument for the affirmative.
The committee of judges-Judge James Keith, President of
the Supreme Court of Appeals; Governor · J. Hoge Tyler, and Rev. Landon R. Mason, Rector Grace Protestant Episcopal Church-then retired. The judges, after a short conference, returned, and Judge Keith pronounced Richmond College victorious ; They were unanimous in making the award to the representatives of Richmond College , The announcement, which met with t~e approval of the large crowd that fairly jammed the Assembly Hall, brought forth applause which shook the building.
After the debate a reception w~s tendered the visiting debaters and their supporters. At 1 A.M. the visitors turned their faces homeward, with the resolution that the story of 1900 should not be repeated in 1901.
We have a library here to be proud of. It now contains · over 13,000 volumes, and our Li'brarian, Dr. 0. H. Ryland, is rapidly increasing that large number. The following books have been added since January 1, 1900: Richard Carvel, Janice Meredith, When Knighthood was in Flower, ~ome , Life in Colonial Days, Christ in Creation, Peloubet's Notes on Sunday-School Lessons 1900, Life of M. D. B;oge, Epochs of American History (three volumes), Dutch and Quaker Colonies in America (two volumes), }Jistory of Modern Europe, .Expansion of England, Statesman's Year-Book, Rise of' the Repq.blic of the United States, French War and the Revoluti9n, Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist, William Shakespeare-A Critical Study (two volumes), Romanism in Its , Home, Literary Movement in France in Ninetee~th Century, The Lif~ of the S:(>irit, History of English Critical Terms, Introduction to Study of English Fiction, A Century of Baptist Foreign 'Missions, Zoonomia-A Law of Organic Life, Minnesota Plant Life, Orations of Oic~ro, Exposition of the Thirty-Nine Articles, Etc., Report of Peabody Fund (Volume V.), and variQus Government publications.
A series of five lectures is being given by the faculty to
848 RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
, large and intelligent audiences. These are the regular pub1ic lectures, which are given by tht:1 faculty every spring. The list of the lecturers and their subjects is as follows: Tue §day, March 13th-" The Lion of the Tribe of Germans," Professor Mitchell; Tuesday, March 20th-" Some P~ases of Mathematical Thought," Professor Duke; Tuesday, March 27th" Ether, Ether-Waves, and Etheric (or Wireless) Telegraphy," Professor Winston; Tuesday, April 3d-'' The Relation of Philosophic Inquiry to Scientific," Professor Thomas; Tuesday, April l 'Oth-" The French People," Preside~t Boatwright.
We notice with regret that at two of the Saturday morning conferenc9s recently the faculty were ' conspicuous by their , absence. It seems tliat the f~culty, never over-punctual in their attendance on any chapel services, have decided to "cut" altogether these conferences established by themselves for the encouraging of mutual intercourse between faculty and students. Probably they wanted to give our" Jaspers" a chance, but we protest.
(
All drawings, literary matter, &c., for " The Spider,;- are in the hands of the editor-in-chief. The editors request that matter for publication be handed in by the 15th of this month. All matter may be accepted or rejected-simply as regards its appropri aten ess.
Mr. James, who has been sick for several months with a spell of tyyhoid fever, has been up to see us several times. We were very glad to see him, but very sorry ,to know that he will not return to C~llege th!s session. He expects to go home next week.
Mr. Allport, one of the promising applicants for thi '00 base-ball team, received a very painful injury several days ago by a pitched ball. We are glad to say, however, that, notwithstanding a very black eye, he is able to be out again.
At the regular business meeting of the Y. M. C. A. for the month o~ April the following officers were elected for the coming year: President, J. W. Sh'epard; Vice-President, J. W. Cammack; Secretary, Ray Staples; Tr"<asurer, J. W. Durham.
Our base-ball team was recently beaten by Randolph- · / Macon. The defeat is said to be dne to the fact that two of the best players on the team were ' doing too much Star(r) gazing.
R. S. Garnett, B. A. '98, has been suffering from paralysis for a long time, but has now ' somewhat recovered, and is attending the theological seminary at Rochester, N Y.
The " Spiders" have opened their season, and will soon leave on their first trip. Good luck to them!
The most te~pting thing to the student is " quilling" ; if you don't believe it, ask "Buxton."
Notwithstanding the cot>lness of the weather, spring fever , bas become almost an epidemic.
The ball season for the " Spiders " of 1900 BASE-BALL. opened on Saturday, March 24th, with a practice game with the Jimplecutes, a team of professional players, against which the "Spiders" made a good showing and scored 8 runs, the Jimplecutes scoring 21.
The seco~d game, · on the following Saturday, March 31st, with the McCabe School, was a complete walk-over, with a score of 16 to 2, despite the fact that Landrum, a League pitcher, twirled the ball for McCabe.
The first real game o~ the season ··was played with Randolph-Macon College, at Ashland, on Monday, April 2d. This was a well-contested game, and, notwithstanding the fact that Randolph-Macon had a fine team in the field, would have been won by Richmond had it not have been for some 1 bad base-running on the part of some of the "Spiders." Perhaps the day was too cold for this kind of insects. However, the team on the whole played a good game, and showed much improvement under Coach Wrigley's efficient training. There is every promise of a good team this year, and many victories should be won by the crimson and blue.
Manager McBain bas scheduled the following games : April 6th-Gallaudet, at Washington, D. 0.
" 7th-Episcopal High School, at Washington, D. 0.
" 14th-Hampden-Sidney, at Hampden-Sidney.
" 16th-Lehigh, at Richmond.
" 17th-Lehigh, at Richmond · .
" 20th-Washington and Lee, at Lexington.
" 21st-V. P. I., at Blacksburg.
" 24th-William and Mary, at Richmond.
" 28th-William and Mary, at Williamsburg. '
May 3d-V. P. I., at Richmond. '' 7th-Randolph-Macon, at Richmond.
There will probably be several other games scheduled in addition to these.
TENNIS, With the return of the pleasant spring weather the tennis courts are once more filled with the lovers of this game. A number of the veterans of the game are seen on the courts, as well as a number of novices, who are just learning to swing the racquet. There are good prospe cts that we shall have a' number of good men to compete for the prize on field-day. The Tennis Association has the names of thirty-five members on its roll.
There is great interest taken this year by BA8KET,BALL, some of the men in basket-ball, and every afternoon that the weather permits a number of them may be seen hard at practice. J. W. 0ammack has been elected captain of the first team and J. E. Oliver captain of the second team. Among the old men Shepard, Abbitt, and Rock are playing a good game as "pitch," and Hart and Williams make good " guards," while Rowe, a new man, is also playing an excellent game as II guard." Among the new men trying to make the teams are Simmons, Jones, Oliver, E. T. Smith, and L. W. Smith.
The new paper, published by the Athletic OLLAPODRIDA, Association, under the name of Olla Podrida, is a bright and interesting weekly, devoted to athletics. We wish the new publication much success, and hope that a greater number of the students will subscribe for it.
The new "Exchange" feels a frightful halting as he enters upon his work. He buckles ~n the corslet of the out-going editor, and is expected to finish his encounters. But excuse us! Some have said that The Chisel would thrust again with ) its boring blade, but a "Treatise on the Uses of Tools" strictly states that "a chisel is used for carving," and we are profoundly alive to the significance of the statement. We believe it has carved a figure · before our eyes-a figure of beauty and real art before our mind's eye. As Burke, "I am for conciliation." We bid them God-speed, and ask them to consult Delphi for Cicero's answer. "Follow nature "-continue to carve.
We print an unpublished poem by the ~uthor of " Ben Bolt," Thomas Dunn English. This appears in The Red and Bl1ee, of the University of Pennsylvania: THE BELL;-RINGER.
He rings the bell as there he stands, Adjusts the gloves upon his hands, Fingers the bow of his cravat, Sets firmly on the head his hat. The door still shut, around he stares, Provoked to backward say his •prayers. What can, he thinks, the folk be at? Shrugs shoulders, stamps upon the mat, And feels that, through the casement near, The curious neighbors at .him peer '; And then, impatient at delay, Descends the steps and stalks away, Angry at all around, the dunce, The man who rings the bell but once.
EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT
In kitchen, Biddy, at her toil, Watches the roast, Jest it should spoil; , Hearing the sound she knows full well, Which is the jangling of the bell. -·
The nurse-maid with the baby went, The door boy on an errand sent, The chamber-maid her half-day took, So none can answer but the cook; Slips on an apron clean and white, Smooths down in front and ties it tight, Removes her cap and smooths her hair, ' And slowly mounts the kitchen stair.
The key i•s turned, the bolt ill drawn, And Biddy finds ·the caller gone.
"Now that, ," she said, "was Jones's boy, Who loves the neighbors to annoy, Or maybe 'twas that silly dune~, The man who ~ings the bell but once."
If you would gain an honored name, Or riches seek instead of fame, Whatever may your purpose be, Heed well some s~und advice from me : When at the temple door yon stand, The bell-pull grasp with steady hand; Ring once, and see if this will bring The porter's answer to the ring.
If no response be made, why then The handle grasp and pull again. If no one answer from within, Pull hard once mor ·e, and raise a din.
Failing in that, keep on your work, ' And give the thing adother jerk; By frequent failures undeterred, Ring till the folk within are stirred; Ring till you win, nor be that dunce, The man who rings the bell but once.
RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.
The Gray Jacket, of Blacksburg, comes to us dressed in its jacket of purple and silver-an incongruity, bu_j not a fault. We quote from the local department:
" One of the most delightful lectures it has ever been our pleasure to hear was that of Prof. S. C. Mitchell, of Richmond Col1ege, in the Auditorium on January 19th. In the preceding lectures of the sessio~ Dr. Jones had spoken with great enthusiasm of the events of thirty-five or more ' years ago, Dr. Kent of the stirring scenes of ' One Hundred Years Ago,' and now Professor Mitchell carried us further back into hi~tory, more than twenty centuries ago, to 'A Christian Before Christ-S9crates.'
"It was the life ' and character of this great philosopher and man that so deeply interest~d every auditor who followed Professor Mitchell with undivided attention for more than an hour. v Especially beautiful and touching was the graphic account of the death of Socrates in the prison at Athens. The lecture was throughout a succession of beautiful thoughts, clothed in language of the purest diction and ,of the highest rhetorical excellence. ·Professor Mitchell js .a logical thinker and a master of expression-clear, forceful, and easy-and so striking is his personality and manner of delivery that he fills his audience with enthusiasm for learning and inspira- ' tion for higher and nobler work. In every sentence he utters he evinces the richness and beauty of his thought, his broad culture, and love for literature and life, his personal magnetism and greatness."
Whether we should attribute the following to the New England Oonservatory Magazine or to an exchange of that paper is a matter of doubt, but it is worth a copy: ,
Internal evidence would seem to prove that the following was taken from life :
"A young student in a certain theological seminary p,ersuaded a fellow-student to listen to him while he rehearsed I,
EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT.
855
a sermon. His subject was' Light.' With a violent gesture with the right arm, he said : 'Blot out the sun ! ' With a similarly frantic movement' of the left arm he roared: 'Blot out the moon!' Then, with a combined gesture, made up of both arms, he bellowed: 'Blot out the stars!' But it was enough. The auditor arose to leave, with a hoarse, cruel whisper : ' Turn off the gas.' "
And still there are some who say that schools of elocution have no mission !
We would suggest to the numerous exchanges that come to our notic'e the need of a predominance of matter of the pure literary caste-not that we pretend to claim ourselves immune to the application of the truth of " practicing what we expound," but simply because there is so much of the sameness of articles on this and that, which are but the aboveaverage class-room essay. Let us have more of genuine mat- · ter with the attempt at a literary creation.
Ouachita Ripples has the gist of brain fabric about it. '' The Knight of Liberty" is well written. It reviews briefly, but fairly exhaustively for a short article, the movements of the irresistible spirit of the French-American ally, Lafayette.
Wellesley Magazine, in its grad1iate number, truly sets a standard for the college publications of the American schools of to-day. Its poems and stories, as well as the editorials, &c., are well balanced.
The University of Virginia Magazine has two poems of interest, " Life and Death " and " The Rhyme of the Sister Ships." The dialect in "The Legend of Lover's Leap" is very well drawn.
Our Stock · represents the newest and best productions of Standard and Reputable Manufacturers only. Under no circumstances do we offer our patrons goods of doubtful quality.
Estimates on Class Pins, Cla~s Rings, etc., etc., are largely governed by quantity required. We only accept orders at a price consistent with best workmanship and high .quality.
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COLLEGE. JAMES E. OOODE PRINT/NO CO., (JOHN T. W£8T, Proprietor,) ) ~u bIisbets Teachers' Public School Registers of Va. and Virginia II-' School Journal; Warrock-Richardson Almanac. COLLEGE AND SCHOOL PRINTING A SPECIAL TY. ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY GIVEN.
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·RICHMONDCOLLEGE.
l'{ISTO~ICAI.l=====--
The College was founded in 1832. It was moved from the country to its pre&ent beautiful park in Richmond city in 1834. The value of grounds and buildings is $400,000. The vall!l.e of endowment is $260,000. The endowed Library contains 13,000 volumes, and is kept supplied with the newest standard books.
INST~UCTION
Fun Corps of Professors in Twelve Departments. Courses leading to degrees of B. A., B. S., M. A., and Bachelor of Law. Thorough instruction. High standards.
EXPENSES -======---
Tuition free to all st11dents for the ministry. Endowed Scholarships pay tuition for twenty-eight worthy stµdents. Donation Funds aid ministe;rial students from other States. The total Jiving expenses of a student who pays all fees are less than $225 for session of nine month&, Table board costs $7.50 to $10 a month.
ltAW=======---
A flourishing School of Law offers legal training at , small cost, under the most favorable surroundings. Junior and Senior Classes. Fees for entire session, $61 to $76.
SBSSION=====-
Dnring 1898-'99 there were two hundred and sixtytwo studPn~s. The good health of students was unbrokM by any case of serious sickness. Forty-one Degrees, one hundred and sixty-eight Diplomas, and three hundred and ninety-two Distinctions awarded June 15, 1899, indicate that the session's work was faithfully done.
SPRING TERM BEGINS FEBRUARY 6, 1900.
Students who enter after January 1st are charged for half session only. Postal-card request will bring catalogue, bulletin, and full information. Address,
PRESIDENT
F. w. BOATWRIGHT, RIOBHOND, VA,
\