/ Assess the contribution of communication to the development goals / Conduct participatory impact evaluation / Dissemination of new knowledge
/ Stakeholder consultation / Beneficiary analysis / Communication assessment / Manage expectations of the programme /policy
Identification
Evaluation
/ Operational-communication analysis vis-a-vis the aims of the programme / Initial draft of communication strategy and action plan vis-a-vis the development goals / Sensitisation workshops and consultation / Identification of communication functions / capacity / Manage expectations
Communication interventions in different stages of the programme/ policy
Preparation
C4D in the programme/ policy cycle Implementation and supervision / Preparation and implementation of communication campaigns / Material production / Training (facilitators, journalists, etc) / Management Information System and other M&E* tools (at all levels) / Stakeholder networking / Communication for appraisal and learning
Appraisal
Negotiation / Articulate differences / Define conditions / Manage expectations
/ Identify and cost out line items based on action plan / Modify action plan / Assign budget to the communication intervention / Manage expectations
* M&E: monitoring and evaluation. Source: Mozammel and Schechter 2005 [adapted by the author].
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