force employment and deployment, 26–30 force preparation and HIV/AIDS, 22–26 force sustainability, HIV status and human rights, 30–32 High Court challenge over HIV-positive people, 31 HIV/AIDS, stigma associated with, 32 HIV/AIDS affects recruitment process of, 2 HIV/AIDS and increased recruitment and training costs, 18, 26 HIV/AIDS erodes institutional capacity of military at various levels, 32 HIV/AIDS in the armed forces poses a significant security threat, 17 HIV/AIDS managed like any chronic disease, 18 HIV deaths are under-reported, 25 HIV-negative status as enlistment/ deployment criteria, 19, 23, 27 HIV-positive personnel, accommodation challenges for large number of, 30 HIV-positive soldiers on border patrols and high infection rates, 30–31 HIV prevalence for soldiers and civilian personnel of 23–25 per cent, 18 HIV prevalence peaks in 25–44 age group for both sexes, 22 HIV prevalence rate of military vs. national average, 28, 32 HIV pushes up health costs, diverts resources from line functions, 33 HIV status vs. CD4 count or viral load, 22 manpower shortages, acute, 27 Military Skills Development System, 18–19 organizational and operation capacity, HIV/AIDS impact on long-term, 18 personnel shortages in certain age and skill categories, 26 personnel underutilized due to HIV status, 30 Project Masibambisane, 24 Project PHIDISA, 24, 31 race and age profile of, 25–26 rape used as a weapon of war, 29 recruitment and HIV/AIDS, 18–22
INDEX 273 recruitment of poor and disadvantaged youth who have greatest risk of HIV, 19, 21–22, 32 recruits youth between 18 and 26 (high risk HIV age group), 19 risky behaviours during deployment, HIV-related, 27 sex charges against SANDF peacekeepers, 32 sexual abuse or harassment by their own comrades, 29 sexual partners, alternate, 27–28 sex workers, 27–28 women have higher infection rate in 20–29 age group, 25 southern Africa cost of recruitment and limited duration of active service, 3 epicentre of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, 6 HIV/AIDS-based mortality rates and demographic changes, 3 HIV/AIDS in, 73–74 HIV/AIDS research agenda to produce more comprehensive policy responses, 6 military life-cycle and HIV/AIDS impact on pool of economically active adults, 3 prisons, 6 Southern African Development Community (SADC), 1, 12, 73, 141, 199, 223 STIs. See sexually transmitted infections (STIs) sub-Saharan Africa condoms should be readily available to the entire population, 127 economic rights of children orphaned by the virus, 127 8 per cent of global population but two-thirds of global AIDS cases, 72–73 80 per cent of 2.8 million deaths (2006) from HIV/AIDS occurred in, 73 epicentre of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, 118 5 million children under age 18 were orphaned by HIV/AIDS (in 2003) and 80 per cent lived in, 119 gender-based violence and rape, 119 HIV/AIDS, most heavily affected region in the world, 10