Light Times Magazine

Issue 1 | 2015

Light Times News from the Optoelectronics Research Centre.

Research without boundaries.

New Photonics Institute opens in Singapore | page 4 Going over to the dark side improves our communications | page 8 Celebrating the International Year of Light | page 13

In this issue Welcome to Light Times, the magazine for the Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) at the University of Southampton. In this issue we kick off celebrations for the International Year of Light, which offers an unprecedented opportunity for outreach and education. We look at the new $80m Photonics Institute in Singapore, operated in close partnership with NTU. We also bring you up to date with our research highlights, events, student successes, outreach activities, awards and published research.

To keep abreast of our latest news please visit www.orc.southampton.ac.uk We welcome your feedback, so please get in touch and let us know what you would like to see in future editions of Light Times.

Deanna Standen | Editor, Light Times light@orc.southampton.ac.uk

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1. A platform of excellence in photonics research $80 million Institute of Photonics opens in Singapore Page 4 2. Students SET for Britain in Parliament ORC students attend this year’s celebration of frontier UK research Page 6 3. Going to the dark side University consortium developing a new state-of-the-art communication network Page 8

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4. Year of Light inspires tomorrow’s engineers Student delegation attends IYL opening ceremony in Paris Page 12 5. Lighting the way for electronic devices Chalcogenide glass manipulation is creating faster and smaller electronic devices Page 16

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A platform of excellence in photonics research New institute opens in Singapore

The next generation of ultra-fast Internet or ground-breaking electronic circuits, powered by light instead of electricity, could very well be built on research done in partnership between Southampton’s Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) and Nanyang Technological University (NTU).

Left to Right: Professor Nikolay Zheludev, Professor Sir David Payne and Professor Tjin Swee Chuan, co-directors of The Photonics Institute

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Left to Right: PMr. Teo Ser Luck, Minister of State, Singapore; Professor Bertil Andersson, President, Nanyanag Technological University, Singapore; Professor Don Nutbeam; Vice-Chancellor, University of Southampton and Sir John O’Reilly, Director General of Knowledge and Innovation, UK

In a move to establish Singapore as a powerhouse in photonics and optics research, NTU has launched The Photonics Institute in partnership with the ORC. The institute will focus on research involving light technology, including fibre optics, lasers, and optical technology for consumer products such as DVD/Blu-ray devices and remote-control devices. It includes five different research centres: – Centre for Optical Fibre Technology – Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies – LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays – Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering – OPTIMUS! Photonic Centre of Excellence Headed by three co-directors: NTU Professor Tjin Swee Chuan; Professor Nikolay Zheludev, deputy director of the ORC; and Professor Sir David Payne, Director of the ORC and Zepler Institute at the University of Southampton.

It will have a total of 120 scientists and staff at its five research centres, which will have a combined floor space of 4000 square meters.

David Payne explained: “Combined, NTU and the ORC have created the largest institute dedicated to the study and development of light technologies in the world. The Photonics Institute (TPI) will be a platform of

excellence in photonics research, extending the reach and impact of our science around the globe; research without boundaries, if you will. We have the critical mass to address the really big challenges such as energy, pollution, the internet and the environment.”

The $80 million Photonics Institute is funded and supported by industry partners and various national Singaporean agencies, including A*STAR, DSO National Laboratories, the Economic Development Board Singapore, the Ministry of Education and the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office.

NTU also unveiled Singapore’s first high-tech fibre optic research manufacturing facility, housed at one of the institute’s five research centres.

The Guest-of-Honour was Mr Teo Ser Luck, Minister of State, Ministry of Trade and Industry, who witnessed NTU and Southampton signing the research partnership agreement.

NTU President Prof Bertil Andersson said: “Photonics is an enabling technology with applications that span many industry sectors, from communications to manufacturing, and even space technology. This joint initiative is an important conduit for the transfer of scientific and technological knowledge, breakthroughs and industrial innovations between Singapore and the United Kingdom.”

Professor Nikolay Zheludev, Director for the Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, at the institute, said: “The Photonics Institute will be a cradle of knowledge and intellectual property, as well as a focal point for developing ground-breaking applications of light-enabled technologies.”

University of Southampton ViceChancellor, Professor Don Nutbeam said: “Our partnership with NTU is symbolic of Southampton’s strategy for internationalisation: working closely with world-class universities to achieve mutual benefits in research, education, and enterprise.”

“The University of Southampton has been at the forefront of research and development in photonics for several decades and continues to be a significant contributor to the growth of the photonics industry in the UK and internationally. This pioneering work on the optical fibres, fibre lasers and amplifiers that power the internet today has been driven by our world-leading researchers such as Professor Sir David Payne and Professor Nikolay Zheludev, both of whom have major roles in our dual-centre with NTU.”

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Student success Celebrating the achievements of ORC students

Students SET for Britain in Parliament Three researchers from the ORC will attend the 2015 SET for Britain event in Parliament this month. Fariza Suhailan, Zhixin Liu and Deepak Jain will present their research at the event, which aims raise the profile of early-stage researchers and foster greater dialogue between them and members of Parliament.

Fariza will present her work on fibre-based semiconductor resonators for nonlinear photonics. She said: “It is an interesting opportunity to share our research with the general public, especially people who are not familiar with photonics.”

Zhixin’s research looks at the new physical network infrastructure required to upgrade to the next level in high-capacity data transmission, keeping pace with increasing demand at a reasonable cost-per-bit.

All the researchers attending the event will compete for a prestigious medal and prize for the best poster.

Pioneering student wins at EPSRC competition One of three winners who were awarded cash prizes of £2,000 each, David won for his work carried out during his PhD studies, where he developed a technique for highly stable phase locking of semiconductor lasers to metrology-grade optical frequency combs and has demonstrated its application in arbitrary waveform generation.

He said: “My device can generate signals at a rate of 10 to 100 times faster than that achievable using those currently based on electronics. I am very happy to have won and would like to thank Professor David Richardson and Dr Radan Slavík, my supervisors, who have been tremendously supportive.”

David Wu, a fourth year PhD student from the ORC has won the Connected World category in the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council’s (EPSRC’s) prestigious national competition for pioneering in Information and Communication Technology, the UK ICT Pioneers competition.

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Professor Philip Nelson, Chief Executive of EPSRC said: “These pioneering ICT researchers demonstrate why the UK is an excellent place to do research. Progress within ICT research will drive forward innovative technologies for the benefit of us all.”

View David’s presentation on our YouTube channel.

PhD student wins best paper at international conference

PhD student Qiongyue Kang has won the best student paper award at the OSA topical meeting, Fiber-Based Technologies and Applications, at the International Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings (POEM) 2014, held in Wuhan, China.

Qiongyue’s presentation, ‘Minimizing Differential Modal Gain in Cladding Pumped MM-EDFAs for Mode Division Multiplexing in C and L Bands’, presentation proposes theoretical designs of the cladding pumped 4-mode-group and 6-mode-group EDFAs (Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifiers) for Mode Division Multiplexed transmission systems.

Space Division Multiplexing has attracted a great deal of attention as a potential solution to overcome the predicted capacity crunch.

The development of high performance in-line multimode amplifier is essential for Mode Division Multiplexing to be applied to long haul transmission systems.

Qiongyue said: “I am pleased not only to receive this award, but also to highlight my recent research and contribute to the scientific community.

“I am grateful to my supervisor Professor David Richardson and Dr Shaif-ul Alam and I would also like to thank my former cosupervisor Dr Francesco Poletti, and my colleagues Dr Eeleong Lim and Dr Yongmin Jung.”

ORC PhD student wins a quartet of grants

Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) PhD student, Deepak Jain, has been selected for four separate grant awards for his work in novel large mode area fibre designs.

Deepak, who works in the ORC’s silica fibre fabrication group, is working on novel, large mode area fibre designs, such as single-trench fibre and multi-trench fibres, to overcome the difficulties typically faced when applying photonic crystal fibres.

Trench fibres show significant improvement over current competitive designs and have been successfully fabricated at ORC. The fibre design can be fabricated with conventional MCVD process in conjunction with solution doping process, which dramatically reduces the fabrication cost making it ideal for mass production.

Deepak’s latest award is from SPIE; a travel scholarship grant worth $2000 to attend Photonic West 2015, where he has presented his latest paper. Deepak said: “I am thankful to my supervisor, Professor Jayanta Sahu for his guidance and constant encouragement. I’d like to thank my colleagues Dr Catherine Baskiotis, Dr Yongmin Jung, Dr Pranabesh Barua, Dr Timothy May-Smith, and Mr. Robert J. Standish for their valuable support throughout this research.”

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Going to the dark side A consortium including Southampton’s Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) has been awarded £2.5 million to develop a national ‘dark fibre’ infrastructure that will allow experimentation on future internet technologies.

Aurora borealis (Northern lights) Over Iceland from which the Aurora2 network takes its name.

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State-of-the-art communications The UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) has provided the funding for a new National Dark Fibre Infrastructure Service (NDFIS) which will enable the university’s researchers to access a dark fibre network, using dedicated optical fibre connections.

Following a competitive tendering process, the 5 year contract for NDFIS has been awarded to a consortium including University College London, as the prime contractor, and the Universities of Southampton, Cambridge and Bristol. The network will connect these universities to other research networks around the world, via telecommunication facilities in London.

Dark fibre is optical fibre that users can access at the optical data level, rather than the electrical data level used in conventional communications networks. Access at the optical level enables users to experiment with novel communication techniques, such as high order optical modulation or quantum communication.

Professor Periklis Petropoulos at the ORC said: “The internet is playing an

increasingly pervasive role in our lives and our expectations of what we can use it for are always growing. As we use it more often, on more devices, in more data intensive ways, we are putting strain on the internet’s existing capacity. This network will allow our researchers at the University of Southampton to experiment with new technologies that will shape a faster, future proof internet, capable of meeting our demands both now and in years to come.”

The fibre connections, comprising some 800km of single mode fibre, together with control and monitoring systems, will be provided to NDFIS by the Joint Academic Network, Janet. The new service builds on previous work carried out by the consortium using a fixed path dark fibre network, Janet Aurora.

Professor Periklis Petropoulos added: “We benefitted significantly from the availability of the earlier version of the Aurora dark fibre network, which has been a great facilitator for carrying out cutting-edge research and establishing collaborations. We look forward to making full use of the extended

capability offered by the National Dark Fibre Infrastructure Service and opening it up to a wide community of users.”

Researchers at Southampton will be able to access the new network, to be named Aurora2, both at the university and remotely using the Janet Lightpath service. As well as supporting research on the future core optical network, which underpins the internet, NDFIS will enable research with experimental metro networks and support wireless backhaul networks for future Wireless Systems, such as 5G. The network will also be open to the university’s industry partners to test new components, architectures and ways of communicating.

NDFIS Director, Professor Alwyn Seeds from UCL Electronic and Electrical Engineering said: “We are delighted that the EPSRC and Janet have enabled the creation of the new National Dark Fibre Infrastructure Service.

This will enable UK researchers to remain at the forefront of technology research for the future internet.”

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Catching the lightwave The ORC’s Optical Society Student Chapter, Lightwave, has been awarded an SPIE International Year of Light (IYL) Activity Grant to support its Lightwave programme in 2015. .The ORC’s Lightwave Outreach Education programme is run by PhD students with an interest in optics. Targeted at primary and secondary schools, the group aims to teach children about light, but more importantly to get them engaged and interested in the wide world of optics and science.

Popular events during 2014 included:

The Big Bang Fair

Sun Hill Junior School

Hundreds of people visited the Lightwave Roadshow stand at the Big Bang Fair, in Birmingham. They discovered the secrets of visible light by playing with prisms and filters, learnt how to split light using diffraction gratings and saw what happens when you mix colours. They also took part in hands-on experiments to find out how to use mirrors to bounce a beam of laser light through a maze.

The Lightwave Roadshow dazzled Year 5 pupils at Sun Hill Junior School, in Alresford.

More than 50 students took part in the classes where they learnt how to split light using diffraction gratings, played with mirrors and lenses to distort themselves and make funny faces, and marvelled at experiments demonstrating how the human eye works and how their brains could be fooled by optical illusions.

Families also got the chance to learn how to send secret messages using Morse code and how code is used to send videos and data.

Lightwave Officer Stephen Lynch said: “The event was lots of fun. It was great seeing the children’s faces light up when we showed them something cool using a laser or light.”

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Head of Year 5 Stevie Kingshott said: “The children really enjoyed it. We’d like to arrange for Lightwave to come back next year too if possible.”

To find out more about the Lightwave Roadshow visit www.lightwave.soton.ac.uk

Forthcoming outreach events and public engagement 14 Mar 2015 Science and Engineering Day Open day celebrating science and engineering with a special light theme this year at the University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, UK

International Women’s Day

Science and Engineering Day

Lightwave Director Matthew Posner took part in the University of Southampton’s day of learning about science and technology for International Women’s Day.

The Lightwave Roadshow team unveiled the science underpinning the technology of telecommunications at the University of Southampton’s Science and Engineering Day.

More than 70 girls from local secondary schools descended on the University to take part in a range of activities. Matthew ran a set of science classes called Communicating with Light that explored the science and technology of telecommunications and fibre optics.

Hundreds of visitors were spellbound by the range of activities on show including discovering how light is guided through lasers and how to send information using laser light.

Lightwave Director Matthew Posner said: “This was a great event to take part in. It was an opportunity for us to inspire more Workshop participants got the chance to send families and young people with the wonders information using laser light, transmit music of our research and we had high levels of from telephones through the air to a speaker, engagement from all our visitors.” and build their own glass fibres.

29 Apr 2015 Nature Webcast The future of metamaterials and metasurfaces 27 May 2015 Late night at the Science Museum Special evening of education and entertainment at the Science Museum in London, UK 19 Jun 2015 Science on Stage Residential teacher’s event hosted

by Queen Mary University, London, UK 22-26 Jul 2015 International Year of Light Garden Exhibit at RHS Flower Show, Tatton Park Find out more at: www.orc.soton.ac.uk/events.html

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Year of Light inspires tomorrow’s engineers

A student-led delegation from the Optoelectronics Research Centre and Thomas Hardye School in Dorchester received a special invitation to attend the opening ceremony of the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies (IYL 2015) in Paris.

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Held at the UNESCO HQ on Monday 19 and Tuesday 20 January, this highly prestigious event was organised under the International Year of Light (IYL) United Nations initiative. The IYL celebrates the value and importance of light and optical technologies in our lives, for our future and for the development of society.

Light plays a vital role in our daily lives - it has revolutionised medicine, opened up international communication via the Internet, and continues to be central to linking cultural, economic and political aspects of the global society.

of his outreach work and his ambassador role, said: “There has been a huge sense of excitement for all of us. It has been amazing to hear addresses from Nobel laureates and leaders in the field of photonics.

It’s been quite an experience to see how our work fits into the big humanitarian picture that the UN represents, extending from the lab into many aspects of society such as health, education and politics.”

Judith Wardlaw, Industry Partnership Manager from Thomas Hardye School, a UNESCO Associated School, said: “Our students, Katharine Bennett and Raphael Treccani-Chinelli, are both The delegation was formed of three PhD students passionate about physics and competed for the from the Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC); honour to act as ambassadors for the School. They Vinita Mittal, Nicholas Wong and Matt Posner, plus have really enjoyed meeting so many interesting staff from the Optoelectronics Research Centre people and developing their understanding of (ORC) and Physics and Astronomy, plus two 6th what makes up the world. We are very grateful to form students and accompanying teacher, Geoffrey the University of Southampton for inviting our Reader, from Thomas Hardye School. They attended representatives to attend and for facilitating this keynote speeches, gave demonstrations of their ‘trip of a lifetime’.” work and promoted the University’s excellence in The University and Thomas Hardye School research and education in the field of photonics (the are planning follow-up projects involving science of light). the distribution of photonics and optical Matt Posner, who recently won the ORC’s Director’s communications science kits to schools Award for outstanding contribution in recognition across the South.

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News in brief Latest developments - people places events

Southampton scientists grow a new challenger to graphene

A team of researchers from the ORC has announced a new way to fabricate a potential challenger to graphene.

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms in a honeycomb lattice, is increasingly being used in new electronic and mechanical applications, such as transistors, switches and light sources, thanks to the unprecedented properties it offers: very low electrical resistance, high thermal conductivity and mechanically stretchable yet harder than diamond.

Now, ORC researchers, led by Dr Kevin Huang, have developed molybdenum di-sulphide (MoS2), a similar material to graphene that shares many of its properties, including extraordinary electronic conduction and mechanical strength, but made from a metal (in this case molybdenum combined with sulphur).

This new class of thin metal/sulphide materials, known as transition metal di-chalcogenides (TMDCs), has become an exciting complimentary material to graphene. However, unlike graphene, TMDCs can also emit light allowing applications, such as photodetectors and light emitting devices, to be manufactured.

Deputy Director of ORC named 2015 IEEE Fellow Professor David Richardson, Deputy Director of Southampton’s Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC), has been named as a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

He has been recognised for his work in optical fibre technology, particularly in the field of high power lasers, optical communications and the development of microstructured fibres.

The IEEE Grade of Fellow is conferred by the IEEE Board of Directors upon a person with an outstanding record of accomplishments in any of the IEEE fields of interest. IEEE Fellow is the highest grade of membership and is recognised by the technical community as a prestigious honour and an important career achievement.

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ORC Director named in Debrett’s 500 most influential people Professor Sir David Payne, Director of the ORC has been listed in the Debrett’s top 500 most influential people in Britain.

Announced on Sunday 25th January 2015 in The Sunday Times, the Debrett’s 500 recognises the most influential and inspiring people living and working in Britain today. ‘It acknowledges power, talent, hard work, brilliance, originality, persistence, courage and, occasionally, luck: in short, achievement.’

ORC director recognised with RISE award Professor Sir David Payne has been nominated as a RISE Renowned Fellow by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).

RISE Renowned Fellows are a group of inspirational scientists and engineers chosen by an independent panel of Fellows of the Royal Society, the Royal Academy of Engineering, and the Academy of Medical Sciences.

Philip Greenish, Chief Executive of the Royal Academy of Engineering, commented: “The RISE awards are a unique opportunity to recognise established and future research leaders in engineering and physical sciences. “RISE is part of the Engineering for Growth campaign which aims to bring engineering to the heart of society; celebrating the contribution of inspiring researchers to growth and innovation is a great way to help create a connection between engineering and daily life.”

Could fibre lasers clean up space?

A new short film published by the Optoelectronic Research Centre considers a possible solution to the growing problem of space debris: fibre lasers - infinitely scalable, efficient and packagable, they are capable of being deployed in space. View the film and join the debate at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxXRbVTwYXs

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Lighting the way for electronic devices Researchers from the Optoelectronics Research Centre have demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create electronic devices that will be smaller, faster and consume less power.

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The research, published in the journal Nature Communications, has the potential to allow faster, more efficient electronic devices; further shrinking the size of our phones, tablets and computers and reducing their energy consumption by turning waste heat into power.

By doping a chalcogenide glass, in this case a material based on germanium and selenium, and forming a multilayer structure with electrical contacts, Dr Gholipour was able to show the same switching behaviour seen in silicon transistors, but in a device made entirely from glass.

Working in collaboration with the Advanced Technology Institute at the University of Surrey and the University of Cambridge, ORC scientists Dr Jin Yao and Dr Behrad Gholipour have made prototype devices that use light to bring together different computing functions into one component.

Dr Gholipour explains: “Non-equilibrium doping within chalcogenide glasses enables a unique information processing platform within one material system. This allows traditional electronic computing, along with memory functionality, which opens up the optical spectrum, from the visible far into the infrared, for next generation optoelectronic and fully optical computing applications.”

This work builds on contributions from Dr TaeHoon Lee at Cambridge who performed molecular-dynamics simulations on the materials to better understand their structure and Dr Mark Hughes at Surrey who has been studying the effect of dopants on glasses for a number of years and measured the electrical current generated by light in these devices.

Silicon is reaching its fundamental limits, soon we will be unable to reduce the silicon chip any smaller, or decrease the power consumption of these devices. Using a family of materials called chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs, Dr Yao and Dr Gholipour are looking beyond the silicon chip for the next generation of materials, which could replace traditional semiconductors and the conventional electronics that power today’s electronic devices.

This work builds on Dr Behrad’s PhD work for which he won the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councils (EPSRC) prestigious ICT Pioneer prize in the area of information in 2011.

Using similar materials, Dr Yao formed long strips of different types of chalcogenides, connecting each end together to form a chain of materials.

The key behind these advances is the doping of the chalcogenides. Chalcogenide glass, though semiconducting, is normally a material which is deficient in electrons leaving holes or vacancies where an electron should be. To compete with silicon, doping through ion implantation provided by Surrey’s Ion Beam Centre, has allowed the transformation of the material to one with an excess of electrons.

These two variations of the same material form the basis of all transistors. Equally as important, the ion implant process remains compatible with traditional semiconducting processes, where the process is an established technology.

While such material changes have been demonstrated before in chalcogenides, this work has significantly opened up the range of compositions that this effect can be achieved and reduced the amount of doping needed by over 100 times.

This work was funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).

Dr Yao says: “When one end of the structure is hotter than the other, as might occur near the battery of your phone or computer, a voltage is produced, through a process known as the thermoelectric effect. This work, for which a patent has been now been applied, has the potential to make our electronic devices vmore efficient.”

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Journal papers published from January 2014- December 2014 “The ORC has a spectacular history of innovation our researchers publish about 200 journal papers per year and enjoy tremendous academic success” Professor David Payne

R.M.Parker, D.J.Wales, J.C.Gates, J.G.Frey, P.G.R.Smith, M.C.Grossel Monolayer detection of ion binding at a crown ether-functionalised supramolecular surface via an integrated optical Bragg gratinga Analyst 2014 Advance Article

M.Gecevicius, R.Drevinskas, M.Beresna, P.G.Kazansky Single beam optical vortex tweezers with tunable orbital angular momentum Applied Physics Letters 2014 Vol.104(23) pp.231110

A.Masoudi, T.P.Newson Distributed optical fiber dynamic magnetic field sensor based on magnetostriction Applied Optics 2014 Vol.53(13) pp.2833-2838

S.A.Mousavi, E.Plum, J.H.Shi, N.I.Zheludev Coherent control of birefringence and optical activity Applied Physics Letters 2014 Vol.105 pp.011906

M.Feinäugle, P.Horak, C.L.Sones, T.Lippert, R.W.Eason Polymer-coated compliant receivers for intact laser-induced forward transfer of thin films: experimental results and modelling Applied Physics A 2014

M.A.Hughes, Y.Fedorenko, R.M.Gwilliam, K.P.Homewood, S.Hinder, B.Gholipour, D.W.Hewak, T-H.Lee, S.R.Elliott, R.J.Curry Ion-implantation-enhanced chalcogenide-glass resistive-switching devices Applied Physics Letters 2014 Vol.105(8) pp.083506

Q.Wang, J.Maddock, E.T.F.Rogers, T.Roy, C.Craig, K.F.MacDonald, D.W.Hewak, N.I.Zheludev 1.7 Gbit/in.2 gray-scale continuous-phaseC.L.Sones, I.N.Katis, B.Mills, M.Feinäugle, change femtosecond image storage Applied Physics Letters 2014 Vol.104 pp.121105 A.Mosayyebi, J.Butement, R.W.Eason Rapid and mask-less laser-processing technique Jin-Kyu So, K.F.MacDonald, N.I.Zheludev for the fabrication of microstructures in Fiber optic probe of free electron evanescent fields polydimethylsiloxane in the optical frequency range Applied Surface Science 2014 Vol.298 Applied Physics Letters 2014 Vol.104 pp.125 129 pp.201101 I.N.Katis, J.A.Holloway, J.Madsen, D.McBryde, P.Gow, S.A.Berry, S.N.Faust, S.D.Garbis, P.J.S.Smith, M.E.Barnes, A.Aghajani, D.Voegeli, D.L.Bader, R.W.Eason, V.Apostolopoulos C.L.Sones Multiple double-metal bias-free terahertz emitter Paper-based colorimetric Enzyme Linked Applied Physics Letters 2014 Vol.104 Immunosorbent Assay fabricated by Laser pp.201108 Induced Forward Transfer Biomicrofluidics 2014 X.Fang, M.L.Tseng, J.Y.Ou, K.F.MacDonald, D.P.Tsai, N.I.Zheludev M.Khenkin, A.Emelyanov, A.G.Kazanskii, Ultrafast all-optical switching via coherent P.A.Forsh, M.Beresna, M.Gecevičius, P.G.Kazansky modulation of metamaterial absorption Effect of hydrogen concentration on structure Applied Physics Letters 2014 Vol.104(14) pp.141102 and photoelectric properties of a-Si: H films

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modified by femtosecond laser pulses Canadian Journal of Physics 2014 Vol.92 (999) pp.1-5 M.W.Johannsen, S.R.Gerrard, T.Melvin, T.Brown Triplex-mediated analysis of cytosine methylation at CpA sites in DNA Chemical Communications 2014 Vol.50 pp.551-553 H.Chen, R.G.H.van Uden, C.M.Okonkwo, Y.Jung, N.V.Wheeler, E.N.Fokoua, N.Baddela, M.N.Petrovich, F.Poletti, D.J.Richardson, O.Raz, H.de Waardt, A.M.J.Koonen Mode division multiplexing over 19-cell hollowcore photonic bandgap fiber by employing an integrated mode multiplexer Electronic Letters 2014 Vol.50(17) pp.1227-1229 G.Y.Chen, T.P.Newson The detection bandwidth of fiber-optic current sensors based on the Faraday Effect Electronics Letters 2014 Vol.50(8) pp.626 627 D.Jain, C.Baskiotis, T.C.May-Smith, J.Kim, J.K.Sahu Large mode area multi-trench fiber with delocalization of higher order modes IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2014 (Special issue on high power fiber lasers) (Invited) D-X.Xu, J.H.Schmid, G.T.Reed, G.Z.Mashanovich, D.J.Thomson, M.Nedeljkovic, X.Chen, D.Van Thourhout, S.Keyvaninia, S.K.Selvaraja Silicon photonic integration platform - have we found the sweet spot?

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2014 Vol.20(4) pp.189-205

M.N.Zervas, C.A.Codemard High Power Fiber Lasers: A Review IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2014 Vol.20(5) pp.0904123-0904123 (Invited) A.M.Heidt, Z.Li, D.J.Richardson High power diode-seeded fiber amplifiers at 2 µm - from architectures to applications IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2014 Vol.20(5) pp.3100612 (Invited) J.R.Macdonald, S.J.Beecher, A.Lancaster, P.A.Berry, K.L.Schepler, A.K.Kar Ultrabroad Mid-Infrared Tunable Cr:ZnSe Channel Waveguide Laser IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2014 Vol.PP(99) J.I.Mackenzie, J.W.Szela, S.J.Beecher, T.L.Parsonage, R.W.Eason, D.P.Shepherd Crystal planar waveguides, a power scaling architecture for low-gain transitions IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2014 Vol.PP (99) (Invited) T.Huang, X.Shao, Z.Wu, T.Lee, T.Wu, Y.Sun, J.Zhang, H.Q.Lam, G.Brambilla, P.P.Shum Efficient third-harmonic generation from 2μm in asymmetric plasmonic slot waveguide IEEE Photonics Journal 2014 Vol.6(3) pp.4800607

Reconfigurable modal gain control of a few-mode EDFA supporting 6 spatial modes IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2014 Vol.26(11) pp.1100-1103 M.Nedeljkovic, S.Stankovic, C.J.Mitchell, A.Z.Khokhar, S.A.Reynolds, D.J.Thomson, F.Y.Gardes, C.G.Littlejohns, G.T.Reed, G.Z.Mashanovich Mid-infrared thermo-optic modulators in SoI IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2014 Vol.26(13) pp.1352-1355 N.Li, S.Yoo, X.Yu, D.Jain, J.K.Sahu Pump power depreciation by photodarkening in ytterbium-doped fibers and amplifiers IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2014 Vol.26(2) pp.115-118 Callum G.Littlejohns, YoufangHu, Frederic Y.Gardes, David J.Thomson, Scott A.Reynolds, Goran Z.Mashanovich, Graham T.Reed 50 Gb/s silicon photonics receiver with low insertion loss IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2014 Vol.26(7) pp.714-717 M.Belal, M.N.Petrovich, N.V.Wheeler, J.P.Wooler, A.Masoudi, F.Poletti First demonstration of a 2µm OTDR and its use in photonic bandgap CO2 sensing fiber IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2014 Vol.26(9) pp.889-892

S.-U.Alam, A.B.Grudinin Tunable picosecond frequency-shifted feedback fiber laser at 1550 nm IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2004 Vol.16(9) pp.2012-2014

A.A.Abduljabar, D.J.Rowe, A.Porch, D.A.Barrow Novel microwave microfluidic sensor using a microstrip split-ring resonator IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 2014 Vol.62(3) pp.679-688

Y.Jung, Q.Kang, J.K.Sahu, B.Corbett, J.O’Callaghan, F.Poletti, S.U.Alam, D.J.Richardson

D.J.Rowe, S.al-Malki, A.A.Abduljabar, A.Porch, D.A.Barrow, C.J.Allender Improved split-ring resonator for

microfluidic sensing IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 2014 Vol.62(3) pp.689-699 M.N.Zervas High power ytterbium-doped fiber lasers fundamentals and applications International Journal of Modern Physics B 2014 Vol.28(12) pp.1442009 1-35 A.Sposito, S.A.Gregory, P.A.J.de Groot, R.W.Eason Combinatorial pulsed laser deposition of doped YIG films on YAG Journal of Applied Physics 2014 Vol.115 pp.053102 G.Zisis, C.Y.J.Ying, E.Soergel, S.Mailis Ferroelectric domain building blocks for photonic and nonlinear optical microstructures in LiNbO3 Journal of Applied Physics 2014 Vol.115 pp.124102 B.Mills, D.J.Heath, M.Feinäugle, J.A.Grant-Jacob, R.W. Eason Laser ablation via programmable image projection for submicron dimension machining in diamond Journal of Laser Applications 2014 Vol.26 pp.041501 Pengfei Wang, T.Lee, M.Ding, Z.Lian, X.Feng, Y.Ma, L.Bo, Q.Wu, Y.Semenova, W.H.Loh, G.Farrell, G.Brambilla White light trapping using supercontinuum generation spectra in a lead-silicate fibre taper Journal of Lightwave Technology 2014 Vol.32(1) pp.40-45 R.Topley, G.Martinez-Jimenez, L.O’Faolain, N.Healy, S.Mailis, D.J.Thomson, F.Y.Gardes, A.C.Peacock, D.N.R.Payne, G.Z.Mashanovich, G.T.Reed Locally erasable couplers for optical device

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testing in silicon on insulator Journal of Lightwave Technology 2014 Vol.32(12) pp.2248-2253 V.A.J.M.Sleiffer, Y.Jung, N.K.Baddela, J.Surof, M.Kuschnerov, V.Veljanovski, J.R.Hayes, N.V.Wheeler, E.Numkam Fokoua, J.P.Wooler, D.R.Gray, N.H.L.Wong, F.R.Parmigiani, S.U.Alam, M.N.Petrovich, F.Poletti, D.J.Richardson, H.de Waardt High capacity mode-division multiplexed optical transmission in a novel 37-cell hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber Journal of Lightwave Technology 2014 Vol.32(4) pp.854-863 V.J.F.Rancaño, F.Parmigiani, P.Petropoulos, D.J.Richardson 100-GHz grid-aligned multi-channel polarization insensitive black-box wavelength converter Journal of Lightwave Technology 2014 Vol.PP(99) pp.1-9 A.Sposito, S.A.Gregory, R.W.Eason Selective growth of yttrium iron garnet and yttrium ferrite by combinatorial pulsed-laser ablation of common precursors Journal of Materials Science 2014 Vol.49 pp.5462 5467 A.Baili, R.Cherif, A.M.Heidt, M.Zghal Maximizing the bandwidth of coherent, midIR supercontinuum using highly nonlinear aperiodic nanofibers Journal of Modern Optics 2014 Vol.61 (8) pp.650 661 Q.Wang, S.Wei, G.Yuan, X-C.Yuan Water-immersion deep-subwavelength surface plasmon virtual probes Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials 2014 Vol.2(2) pp.1440010-1440015 R.W.Eason, T.C.May-Smith, K.A.Sloyan, R.Gazia, M.S.B.Darby, A.Sposito, T.L.Parsonage Multi-beam pulsed laser deposition for advanced thin film optical waveguides Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2014 Vol.47 pp.034007 (Special Edition on Pulsed Laser Deposition) (Invited)

2014 Vol.31(9) pp.2142-2149

Z.Lian, M.Segura, N.Podoliak, X.Feng, N.White, P.Horak Nanomechanical optical fiber with embedded electrodes actuated by Joule heating Materials 2014 Vol.7(8) pp.5591-5602 (Invited) N.Podoliak, Z.Lian, W.H.Loh, P.Horak Design of dual-core optical fibers with NEMS P.Chambers, E.A.Austin, M.J.Gunning, functionality J.P.Dakin Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(1) pp.1065-1076 Investigation of peak power enhancement R.Topley, L.O’Faolain, D.J.Thomson, available from a surface emitting GaAlAs nearF.Y.Gardes, G.Z.Mashanovich, G.T.Reed infrared LED by cooling and pulsing Planar surface implanted diffractive grating Measurement Science and Technology 2003 couplers in SOI Vol.14(11) pp.2006-2014 Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(1) pp.1077-1084 J.D.Shi, X.Feng, Z.Lian, N.White, W.H.Loh, F.Poletti, P.Horak Fabrication of multiple parallel suspended-core optical fibers by sheet-stacking Optical Fiber Technology 2014 Vol.20(4) pp.395 402

C.Li, K.P.M.Rishad, P.Horak, Y.Matsuura, D.Faccio Spectral broadening and temporal compression of ~100 fs pulses in air-filled hollow core capillary fibers Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(1) pp.1143-1151

M.Nedeljkovic, A.Z.Khokhar, Y.Hu, X.Chen, J.S.Penades, S.Stankovic, H.M.H.Chong, D.J.Thomson, F.Y.Gardes, G.T.Reed, G.Z.Mashanovich Silicon photonic devices and platforms for the mid-infrared Optical Materials Express 2014 Vol.3(9) pp.1205-1214

V.A.J.M.Sleiffer, P.Leoni, Y.Jung, J.Surof, M.Kuschnerov, V.Veljanovski, S.U.Alam, D.J.Richardson, L.Grüner-Nielsen, Y.Sun, B.Corbett, R.Winfield, S.Calabrò, H.de Waardt 20×960-Gb/s Space-division-multiplexed 32QAM transmission over 60 km few-mode fiber Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(1) pp.749-755

A.Boes, D.Yudistira, T.Crasto, H.Steigerwald, V.Sivan, T.Limboeck, J.Friend, S.Mailis, E.Soergel, A.Mitchell Ultraviolet laser induced domain inversion on chromium coated lithium niobate crystals Optical Materials Express 2014 Vol.4(2) pp.241-254 S.Jain, J.B.Duchez, Y.Mebrouk, M.M.A.N.Velazquez, F.Mady, B.Dussardier, M.Benabdesselam, J.K.Sahu Thermally-stimulated emission analysis of Bismuth-doped Silica fibers Optical Materials Express 2014 Vol.4(7) pp.1361-1366

J.A.Grant-Jacob, B.Mills, R.W.Eason Parametric study of the rapid fabrication of glass nanofoam via femtosecond laser irradiation Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2014 Vol.47 pp.055105

A.Aghajani, G.S.Murugan, N.P.Sessions, S.J.Pearce, V.Apostolopoulos, J.S.Wilkinson Spectroscopy of ytterbium-doped tantalum pentoxide rib waveguides on silicon Optical Materials Express 2014 Vol.4(8) pp.1505-1514

Y.Sun, X.Shao, T.Huang, Z.Wu, T.Lee, P.P.Shum, G.Brambilla Analysis of one-third harmonic generation in waveguides Journal of the Optical Society of America B

J.Zhang, K.F.MacDonald, N.I.Zheludev Near-infrared trapped mode magnetic resonance in an All-Dielectric Metamaterial Optics Express 2014 Vol.21(22) pp.2672126728

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R.Topley, L.O’Faolain, D.J.Thomson, F.Y.Gardes, G.Z.Mashanovich, G.T.Reed Planar surface implanted diffractive grating couplers in SOI Optics Express 2014 Vol.22 pp.1077-1084

G.M.Ponzo, M.N.Petrovich, X.Feng, P.Horak, F.Poletti, P.Petropoulos, D.J.Richardson Fast and broadband fiber dispersion measurement with dense wavelength sampling Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(1) pp.943-953 R.Ismaeel, T.Lee, B.Oduro, Y.Jung, G.Brambilla All-fiber fused directional coupler for highly efficient spatial mode conversion Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(10) pp.11610 P.S.Teh, S-U.Alam, D.P.Shepherd, D.J.Richardson G Generation of mode-locked optical pulses at 1035nm from a fibre Bragg grating stabilized semiconductor laser diode Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(11) pp.13366-13373 C.Guan, M.Ding, J.H.Shi, P.Hua, Pengfei Wang, L.Yuan, G.Brambilla Experimental observation and analysis of allfiber plasmonic double Airy beams Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(15) pp.18365-18371 I.F.Crowe, N.Clark, S.Hussein, B.Towlson, E.Whittaker, M.M.Milo ević, F.Y.Gardes, G.Z.Mashanovich, M.P.Halsall, A.Vijayaraghaven Determination of the quasi-TE mode (in-plane) graphene linear absorption coefficient via integration with silicon-on-insulator racetrack

cavity resonators Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(15) pp.18625-18632 J.H.Shi, X.Fang, E.T.F.Rogers, E.Plum, K.F.MacDonald, N.I.Zheludev Coherent control of Snell’s law at metasurfaces Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(17) 21051-21060 Q.Kang, E.L.Lim, F.Poletti, Y.Jung, C.Baskiotis, S-U.Alam, D.J.Richardson Minimizing differential modal gain in cladding-pumped EDFAs supporting four and six mode groups Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(18) pp.21499-21507 E.N.Fokoua, D.J.Richardson, F.Poletti Impact of structural distortions on the performance of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(3) pp.2735-2744 A.Bera, R.K.Barik, M.Sattorov, O.Kwon, S.H.Min, I.K.Baek, S.Kim, J.K.So, G.S.Park Surface-coupling of Cerenkov radiation from a modified metallic metamaterial slab via Brillouin-band folding Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(3) pp.3039-3044 S.Jain, V.J.F.Rancaño, T.C.May-Smith, P.Petropoulos, J.K.Sahu, D.J.Richardson Multi-element fiber for space-division multiplexing operations Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(4) pp.3787-3796

M.Nedeljkovic, A.C.Peacock, G.Z.Mashanovich Optical detection and modulation at 2µm-2.5µm in silicon Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(9) pp.10825 G.Y.Chen, C.A.Codemard, R.J.Lewis, L.Jankowski, J.S.Chan, P.M.Gorman, M.N.Zervas Enhanced responsivity with skew ray excitation of reflection- and transmission-type refractometric sensors Optics Letters 2014 Vol.39(13) pp.3822 3825 A.Choudhary, S.Dhingra, B.D Urso, T.L.Parsonage, K.A.Sloyan, R.W.Eason, D.P.Shepherd Q-switched operation of a pulsed-laser-deposited Yb:Y2O3 waveguide using graphene as a saturable absorber Optics Letters 2014 Vol.39(15) pp.4325-4328 Jianfa Zhang, K.F.MacDonald, N.I.Zheludev Giant optical forces in planar dielectric photonic metamaterials Optics Letters 2014 Vol.39(16) pp.4883-4886 D.Jain, Y.Jung, J-S.Kim, J.K.Sahu Robust single-mode all-solid multi-trench fiber with large effective mode area Optics Letters 2014 Vol.39(17) pp.5200-5203

G.Yuan, E.T.F.Rogers, T.Roy, Z.Shen, N.I.Zheludev Flat super-oscillatory lens for heat-assisted magnetic recording with sub-50nm resolution Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(6) pp.6428

Pengfei Wang, M.Ding, G.S.Murugan, L.Bo, C.Guan, Y.Semenova, Q.Wu, G.Farrell, G.Brambilla Packaged, high-Q, microsphere-resonator-based add drop filter Optics Letters 2014 Vol.39(17) pp.5208 5211

J.R.Macdonald, S.J.Beecher, A.Lancaster, P.A.Berry, K.L.Schepler, S.B.Mirov, A.K.Kar Compact Cr:ZnS channel waveguide laser operating at 2333nm Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(6) pp.7052-7057

N.V.Wheeler, A.M.Heidt, N.K.Baddela, E.N.Fokoua, J.R.Hayes, S.R.Sandoghchi, F.Poletti, M.N.Petrovich, D.J.Richardson Low-loss and low-bend-sensitivity-mid-infrared guidance in a hollow-core photonic-bandgap fiber Optics Letters 2014 Vol.39(2) pp.295-298

S.J.Yoon, J.I.Mackenzie Cryogenically cooled 946nm Nd:YAG laser Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(7) pp.8069-8075

S.Boscolo, C.Finot, H.Karakuzu, P.Petropoulos Pulse shaping in mode-locked fiber lasers by incavity spectral filter Optics Letters 2014 Vol.39(3) pp.438-441

S.Dasgupta, J.R.Hayes, D.J.Richardson Leakage channel fibers with microstructured cladding elements: A unique LMA platform Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(7) pp.8574-8584 Y.Jung, P.C.Shardlow, M.Belal, Z.Li, A.M.Heidt, J.M.O.Daniel, D.Jain, J.K.Sahu, W.A.Clarkson, B.Corbett, J.O’Callaghan, S.U.Alam, D.J.Richardson First demonstration of a 2μm few-mode TDFA for mode division multiplexing Optics Express 2014 Vol.22(9) pp.10544-10549 D.J.Thomson, L.Shen, J.J.Ackert, E.Huante-Ceron, A.P.Knights,

C.Guan, M.Ding, J.H.Shi, Pengfei Wang, P.Hua, L.Yuan, G.Brambilla Compact all-fiber plasmonic Airy-like beam generator Optics Letters 2014 Vol.39(5) pp.1113-1116 V.A.J.M.Sleiffer, Y.Jung, M.Kuschnerov, S.U.Alam, D.J.Richardson, L.GrünerNielsen, Y.Sun, H.de Waardt An optical chopper based re-circulating loop for few-mode fiber transmission Optics Letters 2014 Vol.39(5) pp.1181-1184

Z.Li, A.M.Heidt, P.S.Teh, M.Berendt, J.K.Sahu, R.Phelan, B.Kelly, S.U.Alam, D.J.Richardson High energy diode-seeded nanosecond 2 μm fiber MOPA systems incorporating active pulse shaping Optics Letters 2014 Vol.39(6) pp.1569 1572 X.Feng Broadband infrared supercontinuum generation in hexagonal-lattice tellurite photonic crystal fiber with dispersion optimized for pumping near 1560nm: comment Optics Letters 2014 Vol.39(8) pp.2240-2240 P.N.Anderson, P.Horak, J.G.Frey, W.S.Brocklesby High-energy laser-pulse self-compression in short gas-filled fibers Physical Review A 2014 Vol.89 pp.013819 V.Savinov, V.A.Fedotov, N.I.Zheludev Toroidal dipolar excitation and macroscopic electromagnetic properties of metamaterials Physical Review B 2014 Vol.89 pp.205112 J.Zhang, M.Gecevičius, M.Beresna, P.G.Kazansky Seemingly unlimited lifetime data storage in nanostructured glass Physical Review Letters 2014 Vol.112 pp.033901 S.J.Yoon, J.I.Mackenzie Implications of the temperature dependence of Nd:YAG spectroscopic values for low temperature laser operation at 946nm Proceedings of SPIE 9135, Laser Sources and Applications II 2014 Vol.9135 ISSN: 0277-786X R.P.Yan, S.J.Yoon, S.J.Beecher, J.I.Mackenzie Measurement of energy transfer upconversion in Nd:YAG via the z-scan technique Proceedings of SPIE 9135, Laser Sources and Applications II 2014 Vol.913525 R.Huang, K.Sun, K.S.Kiang, R.Chen, Y.Wang, B.Gholipour, D.W.Hewak, C.H.de Groot Contact resistance measurement of Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change material to TiN electrode by spacer etched nanowire Semiconductor Science and Technology 2014 Vol.29(9) pp.095003 A.V.Emelyanov, M.V.Khenkin, A.G.Kazanskii, P.A.Forsh, P.K.Kashkarov, M.Gecevičius, M.Beresna, P.G.Kazansky Femtosecond laser induced crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon for photovoltaic applications Thin Solid Films 2014 Vol.556 pp.410-413 Light Times | issue 1 2015

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“Our world-leading research teams are shaping the future, working with a wide range of industries to develop new technologies for communication, healthcare, transport, energy and the environment.�

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Photonics has helped to change the world in extraordinary ways; powering the internet, navigating airliners, correcting vision and protecting the environment.

The Optoelectronics Research Centre at the University of Southampton is one of the largest university-based research groups entirely devoted to optoelectronics in the world and has maintained a position at the Our world-leading research teams are shaping forefront of photonics research for over the future, working with a wide range of four decades. industries to develop new technologies for communications, healthcare, transport Its long and well-established track record in and energy. the fields of optical fibres, lasers, waveguides, devices and optoelectronic materials has We are looking for the photonics pioneers fostered innovation, enterprise, crossof the future to join our vibrant research boundary and multi-disciplinary activities. community. Our postgraduate students are an integral and vital part of the research Please visit our website for more news, staff at the ORC. Some of the world’s leading technological breakthroughs, research scientists are based at the ORC and as a PhD updates and people profiles student, or as a new MSc student, you’ll have www.orc.southampton.ac.uk the opportunity to work with them in our For further information and enquiries please state-of-the-art facilities and make some email light@orc.southampton.ac.uk history.

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