Unique Times MAy 2024

Driving

Shri V.P. Nandakumar, MD & CEO, Manappuram Finance Ltd

A Rare Tango

a Green Dream: Ryoto Electrix CEO Sandeep Ralhan

Chief Mentor Mr. V.P. Nandakumar

Director & CEO Jebitha Ajit

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Editorial

“Even

if you are on the right track, you’ll get run over if you just sit there.”

– Will Rogers

In the ever-evolving landscape of business, innovation and sustainability have emerged as paramount pillars of success. Companies across industries are increasingly recognizing the importance of integrating eco-conscious practices into their operations to meet the demands of a changing world. At the forefront of this movement stands Ryoto Electrix, a trailblazer in the realm of green mobility and renewable energy solutions. In this edition, our cover story explores the extraordinary journey of Sandeep Ralhan, the CEO of Ryoto Electrix, whose visionary leadership has played a crucial role in guiding the company's direction and growth. Join us as we explore the innovative strategies, bold initiatives, and unwavering dedication driving Ryoto Electrix toward a cleaner, greener future.

In this month's edition, V P Nandakumar, the MD and CEO of Manappuram Finance Limited, offers insights on ‘A Rare Tango'.

Additionally, this issue includes our regular sections covering travel, automotive review, beauty advice, movie and book reviews, as well as inspiring business articles.

“Forget past mistakes. Forget failures. Forget everything except what you’re going to do now and do it.” - William Durant.

Wishing you a happy reading!

Cover Photograph

Sandeep Ralhan CEO, Ryoto Electrix

Macquarie Launches Vertelo to Accelerate EV Adoption in India

Macquarie, a leading financial services firm, has launched Vertelo, a new platform aimed at boosting the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in India. With the EV market valued at $2 billion and projected to reach $5 billion soon, Vertelo aims to accelerate this growth by offering a range of services including financing, leasing, charging infrastructure, and fleet maintenance. Abhishek Poddar, the Group Head of India at Macquarie, highlighted Vertelo’s goal of transitioning heavy transportation to electric power. The platform consists of two entities: one focusing on non-credit solutions like leases and services, and the other awaiting approval for credit solutions from the Reserve Bank of India.

Indigo’s Rahul Bhatia Teams up With Former Tech Mahindra CEO for AI Venture

“There’s no shortage of remarkable ideas, what’s missing is the will to execute them.”

Rahul Bhatia, the Group Managing Director of InterGlobe Enterprises, which oversees IndiGo, has forged a partnership with CP Gurnani, the former CEO of Tech Mahindra, to establish ‘AIonOS’, an artificial intelligence (AI) venture. This collaboration, unveiled on April 23, focuses on delivering AI services, data engineering solutions, and a data harmonization platform. Bhatia articulated their vision of integrating AI technology across diverse industries, signaling a strategic move into the burgeoning field of artificial intelligence. AIonOS, spearheaded by CP Gurnani as the Executive Vice-Chairman, is organized around four primary business lines, each led by a dedicated leader. The venture is primarily backed by InterGlobe Enterprises, with the Assago Group chaired by Gurnani also holding a significant stake. Gurnani underscored the financial robustness of the venture, ensuring ample funding and operational stability.

National Fertilizers Gets Navratna Status

OnApril 19, National Fertilizers Ltd made a significant announcement, revealing that it has achieved “Navratna” status, as granted by the Department of Public Enterprise. This designation is reserved for top-performing Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) and grants them enhanced autonomy and financial powers. The granting of this status underscores the company’s outstanding performance and its contribution to the national economy. Despite this notable achievement, National Fertilizers Ltd reported a substantial 73% drop in its consolidated net profit for the December quarter, amounting to Rs.150.9 crore. Additionally, the company witnessed a significant decline in revenue, which fell by 25.2% year-on-year to Rs.7,581 crore during the same period. These financial results indicate some challenges faced by the company amidst market conditions and operational factors.

Aegon Life Insurance Renames the Company to Bandhan Life

“Some people dream of success, while other people get up every morning and make it happen.”

Wayne Huizenga

Aegon Life Insurance has recently announced a significant rebranding, changing its name to Bandhan Life. Alongside this change, the company unveiled a new logo and tagline, ‘Bharat Ki Udaan, Bandhan Se’, reflecting its association with the Bandhan Group. This transformation aims to leverage the synergy between the insurer’s technological capabilities and Bandhan Group’s wide-ranging network to provide innovative insurance solutions to a larger audience. Satishwar B, the MD and CEO of Bandhan Life, expressed enthusiasm about this transition, highlighting the company’s commitment to enhancing value for all stakeholders by combining digital innovation with robust distribution channels. Looking ahead, Bandhan Life plans to expand its presence across various sectors and evolve into a leading multi-channel insurance provider, aligning with IRDAI’s vision of ‘Insurance for all by 2047’.

Dixon Tech Unit Inks Agreement with Longcheer Mobile for Smartphone Production

OnApril 19, Dixon Technologies disclosed to stock exchanges its subsidiary Padget Electronics’ collaboration with Longcheer Mobile India. The partnership entails the manufacturing and distribution of smartphones for renowned global brands. Atul B Lall, Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Dixon, expressed enthusiasm about how this alliance could bolster India’s manufacturing competitiveness in the global arena. Longcheer Mobile India is renowned for providing comprehensive smart product services to leading consumer electronics brands and tech enterprises worldwide. With a substantial share in original design manufacturing (ODM) globally, Longcheer boasts robust capabilities in various aspects of product development and manufacturing.

Blue Star MD: Commercial Refrigeration Market to Reach Rs.10,000 Crore in Four Years

“Always stay true to yourself and never let what somebody else says distract you from your goals.”

Michelle Obama

Blue Star’s Managing Director, B. Thiagarajan, anticipates a doubling of the Indian commercial refrigeration market to Rs.10,000 crore within four years, up from the current Rs. 4,500-5,000 crore range. He emphasized the importance of the integrated cold chain infrastructure development for stimulating commercial refrigeration consumption. With Blue Star holding a steady 35% market share, Thiagarajan expressed optimism about further improvements. Regarding expectations for the summer of 2024, Thiagarajan likened it to Diwali for the industry, noting that around 40% of annual profits typically come from this season. He expressed confidence in the industry’s preparation for the upcoming season, particularly with dealers stocking up well after a challenging previous summer.

Vatican Stands Firm on Social Issues Like Sex Change and Surrogacy

The Vatican, led by Pope Francis, has reaffirmed its strong opposition to various issues including sex changes, gender theory, surrogate parenthood, abortion, and euthanasia in a document named "Dignitas Infinita" (Infinite Dignity). Alongside these, it also highlights concerns regarding poverty, migration, and human trafficking, seeing them as threats to human dignity. Criticism towards Pope Francis comes from both conservative and liberal factions within the Catholic Church. While some conservatives accuse him of straying too far from traditional teachings, liberals argue that he hasn't pushed the Church enough towards evolution on these matters. In 2023, Pope Francis made statements allowing transgender individuals to be baptized in the Catholic Church under certain conditions and permitted priests to bless same-sex couples in specific circumstances, though maintaining the traditional view of marriage.

Dutch Crown Princess Amalia Lived in Spain After Threats

PrincessAmalia, the heir to the Dutch throne, reportedly spent over a year in Spain due to serious security threats against her. Dutch media sources, citing information from the public broadcaster NOS, revealed that she opted to study in Madrid for enhanced safety and greater freedom of movement. This decision came after threats emerged in autumn 2022, prompting her relocation from her student accommodation in Amsterdam back to her home. During this period of heightened security concerns, both Princess Amalia and Prime Minister Mark Rutte faced increased protective measures due to kidnapping threats originating from organized crime in the Netherlands. Queen Máxima expressed her daughter's inability to enjoy a typical student life during this time, emphasizing the limitations imposed on her activities, including her confinement to their residence.

Germany Passes Law Making It Easier to Legally Change Gender

Germany has taken a significant stride towards inclusivity and recognition of gender diversity with the passing of the 'Gender Identity Act'. This new legislation, which garnered widespread support from the ruling coalition and passed after fiery debates, marks a pivotal moment in the country's approach to gender rights. Under the provisions of the Gender Identity Act, individuals aged 18 and above can now undergo a simplified legal process to change their gender identity and first name. Gone are the stringent requirements of obtaining approval from multiple psychiatrists and facing a court decision. Instead, adults need only notify authorities three months prior to the change, with a straightforward selection from three existing gender options outlined in German legislation. Additionally, once a change is made, individuals are unable to reverse or make further alterations for a year, ensuring stability and commitment to their decision.

Roberto Cavalli: Italian Fashion Designer

Dies

Aged 83

Renowned Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli, famous for his vibrant animal prints on leather and textiles, has passed away at the age of 83. The announcement was made by his eponymous fashion house on Instagram, though no further details were provided. According to Italian news agency ANSA, he died at his home in Florence after battling a prolonged illness. Cavalli, who founded his company in the 1970s, leaves behind a legacy of iconic designs worn by luminaries such as Brigitte Bardot, Sophia Loren, Kim Kardashian, and Jennifer Lopez. Fausto Puglisi, the creative director of Roberto Cavalli, expressed his reverence for the late designer, calling him "a beacon of inspiration for others" and describing working with him as the pinnacle of his career. Born in Florence on November 15, 1940, Cavalli was renowned for his maximalist approach to fashion, incorporating not only animal prints but also hippie dresses, sand-blasted jeans, and denim patchwork into his collections.

Driving a Green Dream: Ryoto Electrix CEO Sandeep Ralhan

In the quest to drive innovation towards a sustainable future, the CEO of Ryoto Electrix is leaving no stone unturned. Nurturing a ‘green vision’, Sandeep Ralhan has been at the helm of this remarkable company, spearheading its journey from its inception to its current position as a leader in green mobility and renewable energy solutions.

In a tete-a-tete with Unique Times, Ralhan shares insights into the company's achievements, challenges, and future aspirations. Join us as we delve into the outstanding leadership combining vision and innovation and the impactful initiatives shaping Ryoto Electrix's journey toward a cleaner, greener tomorrow. Can you describe the journey of Ryoto Electrix and its evolution in the green mobility and renewable energy sectors?

Ryoto Electrix, a pioneering two-wheeler EV compa-

ny, began its journey with a mission to redefine transportation through eco-friendly solutions, initially focusing on electric vehicles (EVs) boasting superior performance and zero emissions. This vision quickly gained traction, propelling the company into the forefront of the green mobility sector.

As Ryoto Electrix expanded, it recognized the symbiotic relationship between transportation and energy consumption, leading to its diversification into renewable energy solutions. By integrating solar, wind, and other sustainable energy sources, the company aimed to create a comprehensive ecosystem that not only powered its EVs but also contributed to reducing carbon footprints on a larger scale.

Ryoto Electrix boasts a formidable leadership team poised to revolutionize the electric vehicle industry. Led by CFO CA Ravi Jain, a seasoned finance professional with a wealth of experience,

the company is anchored to his strategic financial acumen. Complementing Jain's expertise is CTO S Dhillon, whose extensive background with Maruti Suzuki & Honda ensures innovative technological advancements. Steering the company's sales and marketing division is Director and Co-founder Muktika Sharma. Her remarkable proficiency in cultivating and expanding dealer networks underscores Ryoto Electrix's commitment to robust market penetration and growth. Together, this dynamic trio embodies the firm’s vision and drive for sustainable mobility solutions.

As CEO, what is your greatest achievement with Ryoto Electrix?

As CEO of Ryoto Electrix, singling out one pinnacle achievement amidst our journey of innovation and expansion is a daunting task. Yet, if I were to pinpoint a standout accomplishment, it would be our seamless integration of cutting-edge

Electric vehicles are poised to play a pivotal role in India's ambitious goal of reducing carbon emissions over the next decade, particularly in the transportation sector. Given that transportation is a significant contributor to India's carbon footprint, transitioning to EVs offers a promising pathway to decarbonise this critical sector.

technology with an unwavering dedication to sustainability. Our ability to not only pioneer groundbreaking EVs but also to cultivate an entire ecosystem around green mobility and renewable energy stands as a testament to our commitment to transformative change.

From the inception of Ryoto Electrix, our goal has been to revolutionize the transportation industry. Witnessing this vision materialize into a tangible impact has been immensely rewarding. Furthermore, fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration within our organization has been instrumental in our success. By empowering our team to challenge norms and think creatively, we've consistently stayed ahead of the curve in an industry that's evolving at lightning speed.

Moreover, our emphasis on forging strategic partnerships and alliances has played a pivotal role in broadening our scope and influence. Through collaboration with like-minded entities, we've amplified our impact and hastened the global adoption of sustainable technologies. Ultimately, our greatest achievement lies in our contribution to shaping a more sustainable future. Every electric vehicle on the road and

every renewable energy solution deployed signifies progress toward mitigating climate change and safeguarding our planet for generations to come. As CEO, witnessing Ryoto Electrix lead this essential endeavour is profoundly fulfilling, as we continue to drive positive change and inspire others to join us on this journey. What propelled the shift from the banking profession to entrepreneurship, and how did you overcome the challenges?

Transitioning from the structured environment of the banking sector to entrepreneurship was fuelled by a deep-seated desire for autonomy, impact, and the chance to pursue my passion for innovation and sustainability. While my tenure in banking equipped me with valuable experience, I felt compelled to carve my own path and contribute meaningfully to a rapidly evolving landscape.

The journey from being a banking professional to a business leader was marked by numerous challenges. Adapting to the dynamic and unpredictable nature of entrepreneurship demanded a shift in mindset, embracing ambiguity, and being comfortable with risk and uncertainty. Addition-

ally, acquiring new skills beyond finance, such as product development and team management, required continuous learning, seeking mentorship, and surrounding myself with diverse talents.

Establishing credibility, building networks, and securing funding were formidable hurdles as well. It took perseverance, compelling storytelling, and demonstrating market potential to gain traction in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. However, through resilience, relentless focus on our vision, and a supportive team, we overcame these obstacles, learning from failures, and remaining agile to seize opportunities. Despite the challenges, the journey has been immensely rewarding. The chance to build something impactful, drive positive change, and stay true to our values has made every hurdle worthwhile. What challenges have you faced in introducing 'Made in India' electric vehicles and how have you addressed them?

Introducing 'Made in India' electric vehicles (EVs) has been a journey marked by unique challenges, but our approach has been one of determination, ingenuity, and a steadfast commitment to sustainable mobility. Initially, the

lack of adequate charging infrastructure posed a significant hurdle. To address this, we forged partnerships with government agencies and utility providers, accelerating the deployment of charging stations nationwide. Additionally, we invested in our network of fast-charging booths, ensuring convenient access for our customers and bolstering confidence in EV adoption.

Building consumer awareness and fostering widespread adoption of EVs proved another significant challenge. We tackled this through extensive marketing and awareness campaigns, emphasizing the myriad benefits of electric mobility, including cost savings, environmental sustainability, and superior performance. Incentives and subsidies were also offered to make EV purchases more accessible, catalysing interest among a broader audience and driving market growth.

Furthermore, ensuring a robust supply chain, navigating regulatory compliance, and staying abreast of technological advancements were paramount. By collaborating closely with local suppliers, engaging with regulatory authorities, and investing in R&D, we've established a resilient supply chain, maintained regulatory compliance, and remained at the forefront of EV innovation. Despite the challenges, we view each obstacle as an opportunity for growth and innovation, confident in our ability to drive the transition towards a sustainable future of mobility, both in India and beyond.

Sustainability is a core component of your business model. What specific practices does Ryoto Electrix implement to promote sustainable development?

Sustainability lies at the heart of Ryoto Electrix's business model, influencing every facet of our operations, products, and partnerships. Our primary focus revolves around electric mobility solutions, where we

Investing in a widespread charging infrastructure network is critical to alleviate range anxiety and facilitate the transition to electric vehicles. Government policies should prioritise the development of charging stations in urban areas, along highways, and in public spaces.

Muktika Sharma , Co-founder & Director

design and promote electric vehicles powered by clean energy sources, significantly reducing reliance on fossil fuels and combating air pollution. This commitment to ecofriendly transportation not only contributes to a healthier environment but also aligns with our mission to drive sustainable development.

In conjunction with our electric vehicle production, we integrate renewable energy solutions such as solar and wind power into our infrastructure. By harnessing clean energy to power our facilities, we not only reduce our carbon footprint but also demonstrate our dedication to renewable energy adoption. This dual approach of producing ecofriendly vehicles and powering our operations sustainably underscores our holistic commitment to environmental stewardship.

Furthermore, our sustainability efforts extend beyond our internal operations to encompass our supply chain, community engagement, and continuous innovation. We collaborate closely with suppliers to ensure adherence to environmental and social standards, engage with local communities to raise awareness about eco-friendly practices and invest in research and development to advance technology and drive further reductions in environmental impact. Through these comprehensive initiatives, Ryoto Electrix strives to be a leader in sustainable mobility, catalysing positive change and contributing to a greener, more sustainable future for generations to come. How do you envision the future of electric vehicles and renewable energy in India?

The future of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy in India holds tremendous promise, driven by a combination of technological advancements, favourable government policies, and growing environmental consciousness among consumers. I envision a landscape where EVs become increasingly prevalent on

Indian roads, propelled by advancements in technology that make them more affordable and convenient for the average consumer. With the government's ambitious incentives and policies aimed at promoting EV adoption, coupled with a burgeoning infrastructure for charging stations, EVs are poised to revolutionize the transportation sector and significantly reduce carbon emissions.

Renewable energy is set to play a central role in India's quest for energy sustainability and security. The country has made significant strides in harnessing solar and wind power, with ambitious targets for expanding renewable energy capacity in the coming years. As technology continues to improve and costs decline, renewable energy sources will become increasingly competitive with traditional fossil fuels, offering a cleaner, more sustainable alternative. This

transition to renewable energy not only reduces India's dependence on imported fossil fuels but also creates new opportunities for job creation and economic growth in the renewable energy sector.

However, challenges such as intermittency, grid integration, and storage capabilities must be addressed to fully unlock the potential of renewable energy in India. Collaborative efforts between government, industry, and academia will be essential in overcoming these hurdles and realising the full benefits of a clean energy future. With concerted action and continued innovation, India is well-positioned to lead the way toward a greener, more sustainable future powered by electric vehicles and renewable energy sources.

In terms of policy, what changes would you like to

S. Dhillon, CTO

Renewable

energy is set to play a central role in India's quest for energy sustainability and security. The country has made significant strides in harnessing solar and wind power, with ambitious targets for expanding renewable energy capacity in the coming years.

see to better support the growth of electric vehicles and renewable energy in India?

To better support the growth of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy in India, several key policy changes are necessary. First and foremost, robust financial incentives and subsidies should be implemented to stimulate demand for EVs. These incentives could include tax breaks, subsidies on EV purchases, and incentives for manufacturers to produce EVs locally. Similarly, subsidies and incentives for renewable energy projects, such as solar and wind power, would encourage greater adoption and investment in clean energy infrastructure, fostering a more sustainable energy ecosystem.

Investing in a widespread charging infrastructure network is critical to alleviate range anxiety and facilitate the transition to electric vehicles. Government policies should prioritise the development of charging stations in urban areas, along highways, and in public spaces. Incentives could be provided to businesses to install charging stations, and regulations could mandate new construction projects to include EV charging facilities, ensuring accessibility and convenience for EV owners. Additionally, increased fund-

ing for research and development (R&D) in EV technology and renewable energy solutions is vital for innovation and cost reduction. Government-supported R&D initiatives can accelerate the development of advanced battery technologies, improve charging efficiency, and drive down the cost of renewable energy generation, fostering technological advancements that propel India towards a more sustainable energy future. Through these policy changes, India can create an enabling environment for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles and renewable energy, driving economic growth, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancing energy security for the future. What role will electric vehicles play in India's goal of reducing carbon emissions in the next decade? Electric vehicles are poised to play a pivotal role in India's ambitious goal of reducing carbon emissions over the next decade, particularly in the transportation sector. Given that transportation is a significant contributor to India's carbon footprint, transitioning to EVs offers a promising pathway to decarbonise this critical sector. With zero tailpipe emissions, EVs represent a cleaner and greener alternative to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, ef-

fectively reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions associated with transportation activities.

Furthermore, the integration of renewable energy sources into India's energy mix presents a synergistic opportunity with the adoption of electric vehicles. India has been rapidly expanding its renewable energy capacity, particularly in solar and wind power. EVs can serve as a vital demand-side management tool, enabling the efficient utilisation of renewable energy by charging during periods of high generation. This integration not only maximises the utilisation of clean energy resources but also further reduces carbon emissions from the transportation sector, contributing significantly to India's carbon reduction goals.

Moreover, supportive government policies, technological advancements, and increasing consumer awareness are expected to accelerate the adoption of EVs in India. Initiatives such as subsidies, incentives, and regulatory mandates aimed at promoting electric mobility are already gaining traction, driving consumer interest and investment in the EV market. As EV technology continues to improve and costs decline, coupled with the expansion of charging infrastructure, the adoption rate of electric vehicles is anticipated to rise, leading to substantial emis-

sion reductions and positioning India as a leader in sustainable transportation solutions. Could you share details about any upcoming projects or initiatives that Ryoto Electrix is currently developing or planning to launch in the near future?

While I can't provide specific details about upcoming projects or initiatives at Ryoto Electrix at the moment, I can assure you that we're continuously exploring new avenues to enhance our offerings and serve our customers better. Our commitment to research and development drives us to seek advancements in electric mobility, renewable energy solutions, and sustainable technologies.

Staying at the forefront of industry trends and emerging technologies is a priority for us, and we're actively working on initiatives that align with our vision of creating a more sustainable future. Whether it's developing innovative electric vehicle technologies, expanding our renewable energy portfolio, or forging new partnerships and collaborations, we're dedicated to pushing the boundaries of innovation.

As soon as we have concrete details to share about upcoming projects or initiatives, we'll be sure to communicate them with our stakeholders.

How does Ryoto Electrix integrate emerging technologies like AI and IoT into its products to enhance performance and user experience?

At Ryoto Electrix, we are dedicated to integrating emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) into our products to elevate performance and user experience. Through AI-driven efficiency enhancements, our electric vehicles and energy systems optimise energy consumption, predict maintenance needs, and refine overall performance. By continuously analysing data from onboard sensors and systems, our products adapt to real-world conditions, ensuring greater efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness for users.

Our commitment to smart connectivity enables seamless interaction between our products and external devices, platforms, and infrastructure. Equipped with IoT sensors and connectivity features, our electric vehicles and energy solutions offer remote monitoring, diagnostics, and control capabilities. Users can access real-time data, monitor energy consumption, and manage charging or energy storage systems remotely, enhancing convenience, control, and peace of mind.

The integration of AI and IoT technologies enables us to personalise the user experience based on individual preferences, behaviours, and environmental conditions. Through intelligent data analysis and machine learning algorithms, our products deliver customised settings, recommendations, and features tailored to meet the unique needs of each user. From optimising driving modes for efficiency to providing predictive maintenance alerts, our solutions offer a personalised experience that enhances user satisfaction, engagement, and loyalty. With a focus on safety and security, AI-powered safety features and IoT-enabled security measures enhance the overall safety and protection of our products, ensuring a secure and reliable user experience. How has the support of your family contributed to your success as CEO of Ryoto Electrix?

The support of my family has been fundamental to my journey as CEO of Ryoto Electrix, contributing significantly to my success in various aspects. Their unwavering emotional support has provided me with the strength and confidence to navigate the complexities of leadership, offering encouragement and belief in my abilities during both challenging times and moments of triumph. Their understanding and

Supportive government policies, technological advancements, and increasing consumer awareness are expected to accelerate the adoption of EVs in India. Initiatives such as subsidies, incentives, and regulatory mandates aimed at promoting electric mobility are already gaining traction, driving consumer interest and investment in the EV market.

flexibility have also enabled me to maintain a healthy work-life balance, allowing me to fulfill my professional responsibilities while cherishing precious moments with loved ones, ensuring that I can approach my role with clarity, energy, and purpose.

Moreover, my family serves

as a constant source of inspiration and motivation, driving me to strive for excellence and lead by example. Their unwavering belief in me fuels my determination to propel Ryoto Electrix forward, instilling in me a deep sense of purpose and responsibility toward creating a posi-

tive impact in the world. Their wisdom, guidance, and shared celebrations serve as reminders of the significance of my work and reinforce my commitment to leading with integrity, vision, and dedication, underscoring the invaluable role of family support in my journey as CEO

Shri V.P.Nandakumar MD & CEO Manappuram Finance Ltd

A possible factor leading to the converging trend in both the variables is the major central banks’ policy stance that unequivocally says that a rate reduction is not on their tables yet

A Rare Tango

Since both the US greenback and gold are the rival asset classes or ‘frenemies’ in the safe haven space, it may be one of the reasons for a rare convergence in their price path.

Asset markets are in the cusp of a perfect storm.

The yield of 10-year US treasury notes is within striking distance of the 4.5% mark after breaking higher in the last trading days of March – just 50 bps or so away from the Federal fund rates of 5%, stock market indices vaulting to all-time heights since the pandemic despite a pull back after the latest flare-up in the geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, benchmark Brent crude raking up a gain of 18.94% so far in 2024, the yellow metal price beating its own records every trading day with the dollar index (DXY), the go-to-gauge that tracks the movement of US dollar against a basket of currencies, in toe, investors never had their varied trading strategies put to test like this

ever before.

The pattern lays threadbare the reality of co-integrated markets – a close correlation among different asset classes – and the dangers of a contagion or a crash in one pocket of the market having its ripple effect on other asset markets as we saw during the Asian Financial Crisis of the late 1990s.

It may be appropriate for us to leave the task of deciphering the current asset market pattern to the high priests of economic theory to interpret. Rather, we may focus on the immediate puzzle that has been baffling everyone alike – the converging trend in the US dollar index and the prices of yellow metal, which in theory are inversely related. As far as the theory goes, since yellow metal prices are denominated in dollar, an

uptick in the value of latter should have softened the prices of former on a pro rata basis. Curiously, that is not the case as of now.

As I noted above, let us leave the theoretical interpretation to the experts and look at the movement of these variables to get a clear idea of the situation on the ground. This is all the more important in the Indian context where dollar index and prices of yellow metal are inversely correlated or often move in the opposite directions.

Let the numbers speak first. The average price for 10 grams of 22 carat gold in India was Rs 65,330 in 2023. It jumped to Rs 68,475 in the first week of April, an increase of approximately 5%. Arguably, a plausible explanation may be the depreciation of the local unit against the

US currency but a look at the movements in the US $/ Re exchange rate shows the Indian currency was trading steady against the greenback at Rs 83 per US $ level. For instance, on March 29, Re closed at 83.3811 against a US $, while the value of $1 in local currency was Rs 83.3589 as on 3rd April, 2024.

In contrast, the DXY has been steadily gaining ground for the past few weeks with a reading of 104.77

during the morning trade on April 3, and a monthly gain of 1.35%. This converging trend in the pattern of dollar index and gold prices, therefore, needs to be explained. This is because it is for the first time in years that gold prices and the US dollar index are moving in lockstep.

A possible factor leading to the converging trend in both the variables is the major central banks’ policy stance that unequivocally

says that a rate reduction is not on their tables yet and they may keep policy rates unchanged for a few more quarters to come. (The Swiss central bank may be an outlier.)

The ‘higher for longer’ stance was necessitated by the recent spurt in the inflation print in many major economies including the US and India. This sends out a clear message to the markets that any bets against central banks’ stance could be at

their own risk and unless inflation returns to central banks’ tolerance limit, any hope of a rate cut is more like hoping against hope.

The buoyancy in the US job market along with the robust consumer spending data and the US Fed’s preferred measure to assess growing price pressures point to the Fed’s resolve to keep the interest rates higher for longer. Curiously, despite many predictions, data show that the world’s largest economy grew at a healthy pace of 2.5% in all of CY 2023, up from 1.9% in CY 2022. In the 2024 January-March quarter, the US economy was seen to have grown at a decent 2.1% annual rate.

These numbers lead to three key takeaways. First, the higher for longer lending rates are there to stay as price levels may remain elevated for a longer period than expected. This increases the appeal for safehaven assets such as gold and the US currency. Second, since both the US greenback and yellow metal are considered as the least risky asset classes, a flight to safety by investors after the recent flare-up in Middle East tensions is increasing their safe-haven appeal. Third, in normal conditions, higher for longer lending interest rates that lend support to US currency should have sent noninterest-bearing gold prices south. But like in 2011, 2024 is turning

out to be an outlier, with gold prices and dollar index seem to be making a perfect pair by moving in sync with each other and are in a tango.

To sum up, though economic theory does not supply any coherent explanation, the puzzle about the value of US dollar and the yellow metal prices moving in tandem may not be hard to crack. The current geo-political scenario and the global macro construct favour safe haven assets. Since both the US greenback and gold are the rival asset classes or frenemies in the safe haven space, it may be one of the reasons for a rare convergence in their price path. But how long this perfect tango will go on is hard to guess

IRajesh Nair Partner, Ernst & Young LLP

Gen AI, with its capacity to process vast data sets and learn from them, can produce textual content at an unprecedented scale and speed. Tools like GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) offer compelling examples, generating coherent, contextually appropriate text based on input parameters.

How Can You Collaborate Better with Gen AI to Hone Your Writing Skills…

n the digital age, characterized by rapid technological advancements, the emergence of General Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) has sparked debates across numerous disciplines. One area profoundly influenced by AI is the field of writing, where AI-generated content has become increasingly sophisticated. This development prompts a critical inquiry: Is the art of writing becoming obsolete with the advent of Gen AI?

The Augmentation of Writing by Gen AI

Gen AI, with its capacity to process vast data sets and learn from them, can produce textual content at an unprecedented scale and speed. Tools like GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) offer compelling examples, generating coherent, contextually appropriate text based on input parameters. Such technologies can draft anything from simple emails and blog posts to more complex narratives and reports, raising concerns about the necessity of human writers.

However, rather than rendering the art of writing obsolete, Gen AI is better viewed as a tool that augments the writing process. It can relieve writers from the tedium of repetitive tasks, such as data compilation, basic content generation, and even

proofreading. This enables writers to focus more on refining content quality, engaging in creative expression, and enhancing the depth of their work. In professional settings, such as journalism or academic writing, AI can provide initial drafts or data-driven insights, which writers can then expand upon with critical analysis, a nuanced understanding of context, or a personal touch.

The

Inimitable Aspects of

Human Writing

Central to the argument that writing is not becoming obsolete are the inherently human aspects of creativity, empathy, and contextual nuance. While AI can mimic certain styles and synthesize information, it lacks the ability to truly understand human emotions or the subtleties embedded in cultural and historical contexts. Human writers bring their experiences, emotions, and perspectives to their work, crafting pieces that resonate on a personal level with readers.

Literature, poetry, and other forms of artistic writing underscore the unique creative capacities of the human mind that AI cannot replicate. The value of these writings lies not just in their grammatical correctness or coherency but in their ability to convey deeper meanings, evoke emotions, and provoke

thought, reflecting the complexity of human experience.

Ethical Considerations

The use of AI in writing also brings up significant ethical considerations such as authenticity and intellectual property rights. There are concerns about misinformation, as AI can easily generate plausiblesounding but entirely fabricated content. Ensuring the credibility and ethical use of AI-generated content is thus a critical challenge that needs to be addressed as these technologies become more integrated into the writing landscape.

Future Prospects

Looking ahead, education and training in the art of writing may evolve to incorporate AI tools, teaching new generations of writers how to effectively collaborate with AI. This partnership could lead to new genres and forms of literature, expanding the horizons of what writing can achieve with AI as an assistant in the creative process.

While Gen AI significantly impacts the field of writing by automating certain tasks and providing tools for enhancing productivity and creative exploration, it does not render the art of writing obsolete. The core essence of writing — to convey human experiences, emotions, and thoughts — remains uniquely hu-

man. As AI continues to evolve, it is not a replacement for human writers but a collaborator that transforms the landscape in which writers operate, offering both challenges and opportunities for innovation and expression. The art of writing, far from becoming obsolete, is thus entering a new phase of evolution, marked by an intricate dance between human ingenuity and artificial intelligence.

In the burgeoning era of technological advancements, General Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) has woven itself into the very fabric of myriad professions, not least among them the realm of writing. For writers, both seasoned and novice, Gen AI offers unprecedented opportunities for collaboration, enabling them

to expand their skills, embrace new methodologies, and view their craft through a lens refracted by technology. This essay explores how a writer can collaborate with Gen AI to enhance their abilities, incorporating a pithy approach, navigating the vast panorama of AI capabilities, and sometimes taking umbrage at, yet learning from, the mechanical coldness AI might project.

Pithy Precision and Expansive Panorama

Gen AI's ability to process and generate vast amounts of data can be juxtaposed against the pithy precision that is often required in writing. Writers can collaborate with AI to achieve a balance between breadth and brevity; AI can quickly generate

a wide panorama of text on a given topic, which writers can then refine, ensuring the prose remains concise yet comprehensive. This process not only saves time but also enhances a writer’s ability to see how varied information pieces together in a broad context, subsequently refining their skill in distilling expansive content into pithy passages that capture the essence of the topic at hand.

Overcoming Umbrage: Emotional Depth and AI

One critical area where writers may initially take umbrage with Gen AI is its current inability to fully replicate the nuanced emotional depth that human writers bring to their narratives. However, even this challenge presents a collaborative oppor-

tunity. Writers can use AI-generated content as a starting block, infusing emotional intelligence, personal insights, and nuanced storytelling into the AI’s outputs. This partnership allows writers to focus more on enhancing the emotional layers of their work, pushing their creative boundaries and developing a deeper understanding of translating complex human emotions into text. Collaborative Learning and Skill Enhancement

Collaboration with Gen AI can significantly accelerate a writer’s learning curve. AI tools can provide feedback on grammar, style, and even content structure based on vast databases of literary resources. Engaging with these tools allows writers to receive immediate, objective, and precise critiques that they can use to refine their drafts faster than traditional feedback loops would allow.

Moreover, AI can be used to simulate different styles of writing, offering writers a method to study and emulate various narrative forms and techniques. This constant exposure to different styles, when combined with critical personal practice, can lead to a substantial enhancement in a writer’s versatility and craftsmanship.

Navigating the Ethical Panorama

As promising as AI collaboration is, it also opens up a panorama of ethical considerations. Writers must navigate these carefully, ensuring that their use of AI aligns with principles of intellectual honesty and copyright integrity. Understanding how to appropriately integrate AI into one's writing process without compromising on the originality that is core to the value of literary works is an essential skill that writers must

develop in this new digital age. In synthesizing the capabilities of Gen AI with the human touch of seasoned writers, the collaborative process has the potential to redefine the boundaries of what writing can achieve. By embracing this partnership, writers not only refine their existing skills but also acquire new ones, continuously evolving in their craft. Whether it is expanding one's expressive range, mastering the art of condensing complex ideas into pithy statements, or learning new dimensions of narrative structure, the alliance between a writer and Gen AI serves as a powerful catalyst for professional growth and creative excellence. This synergy does not diminish the writer’s role but rather empowers it, heralding a future where human creativity and artificial intelligence collaborate to explore uncharted literary territories

From Kochi to Frankfurt

The Borderless Autobiography

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Finishing Lines

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Autobiography of

Cartoonist

Yesudasan

Cartoonist Yesudasan

Finishing Lines

An Autobiography

Translated by A J Philip

Ambika Chandra Kumar Associate Editor, The Alcove Publishers

In the vast literary grounds of rich Kerala, a little boy by the name of C J Yesudasan takes birth as a curious spectator to the glorious years of Malayalam art and artists. In a few years, this seemingly ordinary child with an innate passion for drawing becomes one of the greatest artists to take center stage and uplift the Art of Cartooning to an unrivaled peak.

As we salute the progressive vibrations of his popular, political cartoons, we are bound to revisit his unique path: Yesudasan's inquisi-

tive childhood, his youth brushed in learnings, experimentations, and explorations and his rise to artistic excellence in the years to follow. For, the innumerable contributions of Shri Yesudasan to our society and cultural outlook, the role of his autobiography in our lives is equally influential. An opportunity to open the pages of a life, well lived indeed opens us a world full of possibilities for us.

The journey of the book was challenging because Yesudasan passed away without finishing the

last few lines of his life. Or perhaps, he wanted his closest friends and family to complete it for him.

An autobiography, as defined by the renowned Indian cartoonist, Shri Yesudasan, is an account of one’s life, a life designed by oneself. He was one of those very few fortunate people who could end up following the profession he was always passionate about. His parents wanted him to be a priest; he ended up being the ‘high priest’ of cartooning. Yesudasan, through his inspirational autobiography ‘Oru Vattom

Koodiyen Ormakal Meyunna’ is exploring his journey as a cartoonist, spanning six decades which started in the primary classes of his school, making frequent visits outside the class and drawing on the sand whenever the teacher was not there.

Yesudasan’s first cartoon appeared in 1955, in a magazine called ‘Asoka’ published from Kottayam. He entered the world of political cartoons in 1960, drawing for Janayugom. During the three years he worked there, he created the first pocket cartoon character in Malayalam - Kittumman. Later, Yesudasan joined Shanker’s Weekly in Delhi. From 1969, he was the editor of Balayugam, a children's magazine in Malayalam and joined the Malayala Manorama group in 1984 as a staff cartoonist, running cartoon columns in the paper and The Week magazine. He worked with the group until

his retirement in 2008. After leaving Manorama he continued contributing to Metro Vartha, Deshabhimani and Janayugam, till the date he left us.

Apart from holding the title of being the first staff cartoonist in Malayalam, Yesudasan was a pioneer in the field of satirical magazines too. He edited Asadhu, a satirical magazine on politics. His cartoons served as a commentary on contemporary political events and were noted to be bold and added a fearless criticism of the political developments of the day. His cartoon characters were well known for the close resemblance they had to the original persons. He not only observed and depicted the peculiarities in their physical features or manners, he also recorded the changes in their appearance like a change in their spectacles or the watch they wore. It was a known

fact that he was a regular visitor to the Assembly Hall to observe the mannerisms of his political cartoon characters.

Through Cut Cut , he carried out criticism of on-screen as well as off- screen happenings in the film industry without mincing words. Actor Mammootty, as narrated by himself, had approached Yesudasan once to write something about him in the magazine as any comment in Cut Cut, whether positive or negative, was considered to be a free pass to stardom for an upcoming actor. But sadly, both these magazines went out of circulation because of financial constraints.

Apart from drawing the political leaders, he had created many cartoon characters like Mrs. Nair in Vanitha, Ponnamma Superintendent, Ammini, Jubba Chettan, etc, all loved by his readers. Through

these cartoon characters, he was holding a mirror up to the society.

He was the founding chairman of Kerala Cartoon Academy and had also served as the president and chairman of the Kerala Lalithakala Akademi. He had also scripted the dialogues for the Malayalam political satire film Panchavadi Palam by director K. G. George. The film was an all-time hit.

Yesudasan had already authored seven books and a few were autobiographical in approach - ‘9 Purana Quila’ released by actor Mammootty in 2014 and 'Tazhekkirangunna Zha' in 2018 by Manju Warrier. But since both these books showcased his Delhi stint with Shanker’s Weekly and the articles written by him on different occasions, in 2019 a desire to write a full-fledged autobiography sprouted in his mind. He wanted to compile a story of his life including all the double cross, brick bats and petty jealousies that he had encountered along with the accolades and appreciation he received.

But the challenges were many. Due to failing health and advancing age, he was no longer in a position to write continuously. So, for the next one and a half years Yesudasan was continuously talking over the phone, baring his treasure chest of memories of nearly seven decades with his son Sanu Yesudasan

who carefully recorded every gem in it. As his memory was playing truant, the names and dates were mixed up very often. To complete some of the chapters, the help of his bosom friends Joshi George, Mathew Sankarathil, and Premjit Kayamkulam was sought.

Though the intention was to get the book published in 2021 itself, it never happened. Due to the delicate condition of his health, some of the chapters were delayed and had to remain incomplete when the Pandemic took him away from us in October 2021.

Finally, the dream came true on June 12, 2022, on his birthday, at a grand function at Le Meridian, Kochi. The Goa Governor, Dr P S Sreedharan Pillai launched the book by handing over the first copy to the well-known film personality Shri Renji Panicker in the presence of Ernakulam M P, Hibi Eden, Health Minister Smt. Veena George, former chief minister Umman Chandy, and all the leading personalities from print and digital media. The credit for this must go to Shri. Siddique Ahmad (PusthakakkadaEram Group) who was ready to publish the autobiography without looking at the monetary aspects of the book.

At the Sharjah International Book Festival in November 2022,

His cartoons served as a commentary on contemporary political events and were noted to be bold and added a fearless criticism of the political developments of the day. His cartoon characters were well known for the close resemblance they had to the original persons.

the second edition of the book was released by Dr M K Muneer along with actor Irshad. It was followed by another function in Delhi by Chaitram, a Malayali organization. Then in the same year at the book festival organized by the Kerala Legislative Assembly, Rajeev ONV (son of O N V Kurup) received a copy from Gandhimathi Balan. The first edition was done by publishers Pusthkakada & Lipi Publications while the second and third were by Lipi. The launching of the third edition was at the Malayali Markazhi Mahotsavam in Chennai in 2024. It was a two-day festival attended by personalities like A V Anoop and director Kamal when T P Sreenivasan handed over the book to Sudheer Karayat.

During the years 2022, '23 and '24, the book received widespread acclaim from people belonging to all walks of life. The great-grandson of Mahatma Gandhi – Tushar Gandhi, actors Mohan Lal, Joy Mathew, Suresh Gopi and Ashokan, K S Chitra, MP Abdul Samad Samadani, director Rajeev Kumar, S Krishna Kumar, K Jayakumar IAS, Dr M K Muneer[MLA], V Muraleedharan, Sashi Tharoor, and Anil Antony were some of the people who received the book with great élan.

While the paperback received great acclaim, Sanu Yesudas took

the initiative to launch the E-Book version of the autobiography. Associating with The Alcove Publishers based out of Gurgaon, the E-Book version of 'Oru Vattom Koodiyen Ormakal Meyunna' was released on February 18, 2024, in the presence of Fr Roby Kannanchira CMI and Sanu Yesudasan. Now, an English translation of the book is in the pipeline to be published by The Alcove Publishers. Shri A J Philip, the eminent journalist is translating the book to English and it is expected to be released this year.

Since Yesudasan’s storytelling and life experiences have already moved his readers to make memories for a lifetime, the English book titled – ‘Finishing Lines’ is expected to reach more readers and break the barriers of language. For his is the story of a man who built his own road and traveled fearlessly without inhibitions. It must have been Yesudasan's biggest strength as an artist, 'to make a distinct path for the self without looking outside for a road to travel. And that's another reason why Yesudasan's brilliant satires will move the readers of the coming generations as well. Celebrating his essence through his books is the most promising way to take his legacy forward.

Like the Malayalam book, the English translation will also carry forward the messages from Vice President Venkaih Naidu, Rajdeep Sardesai, Shoma Chaudhari and Shashi Tharoor.

"It's wonderful to learn that the English autobiography of leading cartoonist Yesudasan is being released. Cartoonists offer a true mirror to society and have been an integral part of India's media universe. It is the likes of Yesudasan who preserved this great Indian Tradition of cartooning that will inspire many."

Rajdeep Sardesai INDIA TODAY

“A cartoonist’s eye is like a thermometer: it tells us how well we are as a society. How open, free, self-aware. Yesudasan’s wonderful work was a crucial diagnostic and this book captures the shaping of his worldview.”

Shoma Chaudhury Founder and Director, Lucid Lines.

Former Director, Algebra, THINK, Mng editor Tehelka, Catch News

“Happy to launch the cover of late Cartoonist Yesudasan’s autobiography in English, ‘Finishing lines’ (translated by AJ Philip) on his Birthday, June 12th. His cartoons

visually recorded the times he lived in & brilliantly reflected his views on the political history of Kerala.”

Shashi Tharoor

The Malayalam version of the autobiography is slotted to take part in the Frankfurt Book Festival to be held from 16th – 20th October 2024 in Frankfurt, Germany. It is a major event for the publishing industry, where publishers, booksellers, authors, and agents come together to buy and sell rights to books and other media. This could act as a tremendous boost to the popularity of the book and a chance for us to introduce one of the greatest political cartoonists of India to the world.

In the modern digital age, trolls are taking the place of political cartoons. But the simplicity of Yesudasan’s characters who communicate directly with the readers will transcend the tests of time and live forever. His cartoon characters always remained sincere to the artform, focused to the core of the matter and earthy, a lesson he learned while at Shanker’s Weekly. As Renji Panicker rightly sums up in his message in the book, no other cartoonist was so much celebrated by the Malayali readers and the void he is leaving behind will remain so for many generations to come

Dr Arun Oommen

MBBS, MS (Gen Surg), MCh (Neurosurgery), MRCSEd,MBA

Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon

VPS Lakeshore Hospital

NH-47, Bypass, Maradu, Nettoor PO, Kochi 682040, India.

As laughter, humor, and play become integrated into our lives,our creativity will flourish and new opportunities for laughing with friends, coworkers, acquaintances,and loved ones will occur to us daily

Laughter Is a Powerful Medicine

Laughter is a strong medicine. Laughter triggers healthy, physical and emotional changes in the body. Laughter strengthens our immune system, boosts our mood, diminishes pain, and protects us from the damaging effects of stress. Nothing works faster or more dependably to bring our mind and body back into balance than a good laugh. Humor lightens our burdens, inspires hope, connects us to others, and keeps us grounded, focused, and alert. It also helps us to release anger and forgive sooner.

With so much power to heal and renew, the ability to laugh easily and frequently is a tremendous resource for surmounting problems, enhancing our relationships, and supporting both physical and emotional health. Children used to laugh hundreds of times a day, but as adults, life tends to be more serious and laughter more infrequent. But by seeking out more opportunities for humor and laughter, we can improve our emotional health, strengthen our relationships, find greater happiness and even add more healthy years to our life.

How Laughter Benefits Our body and Mind

Physical health benefits-

•Boosts Immunity

•Decreases stress Hormones

•Reduces bodily pain

•Reduces heart diseases and other life style diseases

•Relaxes our muscles

Mental Health benefits-

•Eases Anxiety and tensions

•Improves the happiness quotient

•Mood elevation

•Improves resilience and reduce stress

Social benefits-

•Improves personal and professional relationships

•Enhances team work

•Diffuses conflicts and improves group bonding

•Improves our attractiveness

A good, hearty laugh relieves physical tension and stress, leaving our muscles relaxed. Laughter makes us feel good. And this positive feeling remains with us even after the laughter subsides. Humor helps us keep a positive, optimistic outlook through difficult situations, disappointments, and loss. More

than just a respite from sadness and pain, laughter gives us the courage and strength to find new sources of meaning and hope. Even in the most difficult of times, a laugh or even simply a smile can go a long way toward making us feel better. And laughter really is contagious just hearing laughter primes our brain and readies us to smile.

Laughter boosts the immune system by decreasing stress hormones and increases immune cells and infection-fighting antibodies, thus improving our resistance to disease. Laughter triggers the release of endorphins (happiness hormones), the body’s natural feel-good chemicals. Endorphins promote an overall sense of well-being and can even temporarily relieve pain. Laughter protects the heart by improving the function of blood vessels and increases blood flow, which can help protect us against heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems. One study found that laughing for 10 to 15 minutes a day can burn approximately 40 calories—which could be enough to lose three or four kgs over the course of a year.

Nothing diffuses anger and conflict faster than a shared laugh. Looking at the funny side can put problems into perspective and enable us to move on from confrontations without holding onto bitterness or resentment. We can’t feel anxious, angry, or sad when we are laughing. A study in Norway found that people with a strong sense of humor outlived those who don’t laugh as much. The difference was particularly notable for those battling cancer. Laughter reduces stress and increases energy, enabling us to stay focused and accomplish more. Laughter shifts perspective by allowing us to see situations in a more realistic, less threatening light. A humorous perspective creates psychological distance, which can help us avoid feeling overwhelmed and diffuse conflict.

Laughter brings people together and strengthens relationships which can have a profound effect on all aspects of our mental and emotional health. Most laughter doesn’t come from hearing jokes, but rather simply from spending time with friends and family. And it’s this social aspect that plays such an important role in the health benefits of laughter. We can’t enjoy a laugh with other people unless we take the time to really engage with them. When we care about someone and really connect face to face, we are engaging in a process that rebalances the nervous system and puts the brakes on defensive stress responses like “fight or flight.” And if we share a laugh as well, we will both feel happier, more positive, and more relaxed even if we are unable to alter a stressful situation. Shared laughter is one

of the most effective tools for keeping relationships fresh and exciting. All emotional sharing builds strong and lasting relationship bonds, but sharing laughter also adds joy, vitality, and resilience. And humor is a powerful and effective way to heal resentments, disagreements, and hurts. Laughter unites people during difficult times. Humor and playful communication strengthen our relationships by triggering positive feelings and fostering emotional connection. When we laugh with one another, a positive bond is created. This bond acts as a strong buffer against stress, disagreements, and disappointment.

Laughter is an especially powerful tool for managing conflict and reducing tension when emotions are running high. Whether with romantic partners, friends and family, or

co-workers, we can learn to use humor to smooth over disagreements, lower everyone’s stress level, and communicate in a way that builds up our relationships rather than breaking them down.

Laughter is Innate and Inborn

Laughter is our birthright, a natural part of life that is innate and inborn. Infants begin smiling during the first weeks of life and laugh out loud within months of being born. Even if we did not grow up in a household where laughter was a common sound, we can learn to laugh at any stage of life.

Smiling is the beginning of laughter, and like laughter, it’s contagious. The simple act of considering the positive aspects of our lives will distance us from negative thoughts that block humor and laughter. More often, people are very happy to share something funny because it gives them an opportunity to laugh again and feed off the humor we find in it. Spend time with fun, playful people.

Simulated Laughter

It’s possible to laugh without experiencing a funny event, and simulated laughter can be just as beneficial as the real thing. It can even make exercise more fun and productive. A Georgia State University study found that incorporating bouts of simulated laughter into an exercise program helped improve older adults’ mental health as well as their aerobic endurance. Plus, hearing others laugh, even for no apparent reason, can often trigger genuine laughter.

To add simulated laughter into our own lives, search for laugh yoga

or laugh therapy groups. Or we can start simply by laughing at other people’s jokes, even if we don’t find them funny. Both persons will feel good, it will draw them closer together, and may even lead to some spontaneous laughter.

Developing a Sense of Humour

An essential ingredient for developing our sense of humor is to learn not to take ourselves too seriously and to laugh at our own mistakes and foibles. As much as we’d like to believe otherwise, we all do foolish things from time to time. Instead of feeling embarrassed or defensive, embrace our imperfections. While some events in life are clearly sad and not opportunities for laughter, most don’t carry an overwhelming sense of either sadness or delight. They fall into the gray zone of ordinary life—giving us the choice to laugh or not. So, choose to laugh whenever we can. Attempt to laugh at situations rather than bemoan them. When something negative happens, try to make it a humorous anecdote that will make others laugh.

Surround ourselves with reminders to lighten up. Keep a toy on our desk or in our car. Put up a funny poster in our office. Choose a computer screensaver that makes us laugh. Frame photos of our family or friends having fun.

Try to avoid negative people and don’t dwell on news stories, entertainment, or conversations that make us sad or unhappy. Many things in life are beyond our control particularly the behavior of other people. While we might view carrying the weight of the world on our

shoulders as admirable, in the long run, it's unrealistic and unhealthy. Stress can be a major impediment to humor and laughter, so it’s important to keep our stress levels in check.

Humor to Overcome Challenges and Enhance Our Life

The ability to laugh, play, and have fun not only makes life more enjoyable but also helps us solve problems, connect with others, and think more creatively. People who incorporate humor and play into their daily lives find that it renews them and all of their relationships.

Life brings challenges that can either get the best of us or become playthings for our imagination. When we “become the problem” and take ourselves too seriously, it can be hard to think outside the box and find new solutions. But when we play with the problem, we can often transform it into an opportunity for creative learning. Playing with problems seems to come naturally to children. When they are confused or afraid, they make their problems into a game, giving them a sense of control and an opportunity to experiment with new solutions. Interacting with others in playful ways helps us to retain this creative ability.

As laughter, humor, and play become integrated into our lives, our creativity will flourish and new opportunities for laughing with friends, coworkers, acquaintances, and loved ones will occur to us daily. Laughter takes us to a higher place where we can view the world from a more relaxed, positive, and joyful perspective

Adv Sherry Samuel Oommen: This article is authored by Adv Sherry Samuel Oommen. Adv Oommen, who specializes in constitution, tax and corporate laws has also cleared the final exams of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the Institute of Cost Accountants of India and the Institute of Company Secretaries of India. He has also completed his Masters Degree in Commerce, apart from obtaining a Post Graduate Diploma in Business and Corporate Laws from Symbiosis Pune. The views expressly are personal and should not be construed as a legal opinion.sherryoommen@nashcp.com.

A Brief Comparative Analysis Of The New And Old Evidence Act

Introduction

In a sweeping move to modernize India’s criminal justice system, 2023 saw the introduction of three new, comprehensive legal codes. Replacing the colonial-era framework that had been in place for over a century, these reforms mark a significant shift. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) replaces the Indian Penal Code (IPC), outlining criminal offenses and their punishments. The Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhitha (BNSS) succeeds the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). Along with these, The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA), which served the legal system for over 150 years, has been replaced by the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) in 2023.

The initial proposal, the Bharatiya Sakshya Bill, was introduced in August 2023 aiming to replace the aging Indian Evidence Act, 1872. After revisions, a second Bill, the Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Bill, was successfully passed by both houses of Parliament and received presidential assent by December 25, 2023, marking the official introduction of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam. The BSA and the new laws discussed above are to come into force with effect from 01 July 2024.

Need for the Change

Firstly, the Government acknowledged that the existing Indian Evidence Act (IEA) of 1872 had become outdated. Technological advancements and societal changes over the past decades necessitated a legal framework that could effectively handle new forms of evidence, particularly with the advent of the digital era and its related challenges.

Secondly, the government aimed to move away from the colonial legacy of these laws and establish a more contemporary, “Bharatiya” legal system. This desire for Indianness informed the broader legislative reforms, resulting in the introduction of new codes like Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam.

Thirdly, the BSA seeks to consolidate similar provisions and streamline them. For instance, instead of addressing confessions across various sections of the Indian Evidence Act, (Sections 24-30), these have now been consolidated into two or three provisions.

Finally, the BSA also seeks to eliminate redundant provisions within the IEA such as Section 113 which talks about ‘proof of cession of territory’ and Section 166 which deals with ‘power of jury or assessors

to put questions’, which have in effect become obsolete.

KEY CHANGES

Definition of “Evidence”

The BSA has expanded the definition of “evidence” under Section 2(e) to explicitly include electronically provided statements and documents, encompassing electronic or digital records. Furthermore, the BSA consolidates and updates the definition of key evidentiary terms such as ‘conclusive proof’, ‘may presume’, and ‘shall presume’, which were previously scattered across Section 4 of the Evidence Act.

“Confession”

The BSA introduces a significant reorganization of provisions related to confessions, aiming to streamline and clarify the rules governing them as follows:

i. Confessions previously covered under Section 24 of the Indian Evidence Act are now specifically mentioned under Section 22 of the BSA. Additionally, two provisions from the IEA, namely Section 28 and Section 29, which deal with confessions made under specific circumstances, have been added as a proviso to Section 22.

ii. The BSA merges the provisions of Sections 25, 26, and 27 of

the Evidence Act under a single provision, Section 23. This merger includes provisions such as confessions to a police officer not being admissible, confession not made in police custody needing specific conditions to be admissible, and how much information received from the accused may be proved.

iii. Another notable change is the modification of Section 24 of the Evidence Act, which previously rendered confessions made under inducement, threat, or promise irrelevant. The BSA introduces two provisos to this section. The first proviso allows a confession to be considered relevant if the inducement, threat,

coercion, or promise has been fully removed, as determined by the court. The second proviso states that a confession remains relevant even if made under certain conditions, such as the promise of secrecy, deception, intoxication, or lack of warning about the consequences.

iv. Finally, the BSA combines Sections 25 and 26 of the Evidence Act, which deal with confessions to police officers, into a single provision, adding a proviso. This new proviso allows information discovered as a result of a confession made to the police, whether it amounts to a confession or not, to be admissible in investigations and corroborates other

evidence to the information obtained in custody.

“Opinion of Experts”

The amendment to Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act introduces a specific provision regarding the admissibility of expert opinions on electronic evidence. Previously, Section 45 allowed for the opinion of an expert to be considered as relevant evidence. The modification now specifies that the opinion of the examiner of electronic evidence under Section 79A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 shall be a relevant factor for information stored digitally. The amended provision, now Section 39, emphasizes the significance of

The amendment to Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act introduces a specific provision regarding the admissibility of expert opinions on electronic evidence.

In the context of IEA, oral evidence consists of statements made by witnesses before courts regarding facts under investigation. The BSA, under Section 2(e)(1), now permits oral evidence to be presented electronically, enabling witnesses, accused individuals, and victims to testify through electronic methods.

expert opinions in understanding and interpreting digital information.

“Primary Evidence”

Section 62 of the Indian Evidence Act deals with "primary evidence". The new Act introduces significant changes to the definition and understanding of primary evidence, particularly with regard to digital and electronic records. Previously Section 62 had three explanations regarding primary evidence, but the BSA adds four more explanations to broaden the scope of primary evidence to include recognition of digital and electronic records. The corresponding provision of Section 57 under the BSA includes the following additional explanations:

i. Documents made using a uniform process such as printing, lithography, or photography are considered primary evidence of the contents of the rest. However, if these documents are copies of a common original, they are not considered primary evidence of the contents of the original.

ii. Each file of an electronic or digital record is considered primary evidence.

iii. An electronic or digital record produced from proper custody is considered primary evidence unless disputed.

iv. Each stored recording of video recording stored in electronic form or transmitted is considered primary evidence.

v. Each storage space in a computer resource, including temporary files, where an electronic record is stored in multiple storage spaces, is

considered primary evidence.

“Secondary Evidence”

Section 63 of the Evidence Act, which deals with “secondary evidence”, has been revised and expanded. The corresponding Section 58 includes additional categories such as oral admissions, written admissions, and evidence of a person examining a document when the original document is not available.

“Oral Evidence”

In the context of IEA, oral evidence consists of statements made by witnesses before courts regarding facts under investigation. The BSA, under Section 2(e)(1), now permits oral evidence to be presented electronically, enabling witnesses, accused individuals, and victims to testify through electronic methods.

Electronic Records as Evidence

The BSA expands the definition of electronic records to include information stored in semiconductor memory or smartphones, such as emails, location data and voicemails.

Section 65B of the Evidence Act has been revised to simplify its contents and clarify the admissibility of electronic or digital records. It states that such records shall have the same legal effect, validity, and enforceability as paper records, provided certain conditions are met i.e. the requirement that the electronic records must be certified by a person occupying a responsible official position in relation to the operation of the relevant device or the management of the relevant activities.

The BSA also amends the classification of documentary evidence

under the IEA. Previously, primary evidence referred to the original document, while secondary evidence encompassed documents that could prove the contents of the original document. The BSA retains these classifications and adds electronic records to the definition of documents. This addition recognizes the prevalence of electronic records in modern communication and commerce.

Furthermore, the BSA clarifies the treatment of electronic records as primary evidence. It states that electronic records produced from proper custody will be considered primary evidence unless disputed. Additionally, if electronic records are stored in multiple files, each file will be considered as primary evidence. Challenges to the admissibility of Electronic Evidence

Digital records are susceptible to tampering and alteration, presenting challenges to their reliability as evidence. With the accessibility of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, the manipulation of digital content has become increasingly feasible. The Supreme Court's recognition of this vulnerability in the 2014 case Anvar P.V v P.K Basheer underscores the potential for miscarriages of justice when trials rely solely on electronic evidence.

While the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) addresses the admissibility of electronic records and allows for consultation with an Examiner of Electronic Evidence, it lacks specific safeguards to prevent tampering during the search, seizure, or investigation process. The

Standing Committee on Home Affairs (2023) emphasized the importance of safeguarding the authenticity and integrity of electronic records and recommended secure handling and processing through a proper chain of custody.

In response to these concerns, the Karnataka High Court introduced guidelines in 2021 to ensure minimum safeguards during the search and seizure of electronic records. These guidelines include the presence of a qualified forensic examiner, restrictions on the use of seized electronic devices by investigating officers, and the use of Faraday bags to prevent data disruption.

Internationally, efforts are underway to establish uniform standards for the use of electronic evidence. The Draft Directive Proposal in the European Union aims to mandate the use of electronic evidence only when its authenticity can be sufficiently proven and secured against manipulation. Similarly, in the United States, proponents must provide evidence to authenticate electronic records, ensuring their reliability in legal proceedings.

However, ambiguity regarding the admissibility of electronic records persists under the BSA. While it includes electronic records in the definition of documents, it also retains provisions requiring certificate authentication for their admissibility. This dual approach may raise uncertainties regarding

the admissibility of electronic evidence, prompting recommendations for clarification and consistency in proving electronic records. Deletion of Certain Provisions

i. Section 57 – Deletion of Facts for Judicial Notice: Courts in India are no longer required to take judicial notice of certain facts, such as public acts passed by the UK parliament, the course of proceedings in the UK, the accession and signing manual of the UK sovereign, and all seals recognised by English courts.

ii. Section 78 – Deletion of Proof Requirements: The requirement for proof of certain documents, including orders and notifications of the crown representative, proclamations or orders by the UK Sovereign, and copies or extracts from the London Gazette or printed by the queen’s printer, has been removed.

iii. Sections 81 and 82 – Deletion of Presumptions: Certain presumptions regarding the genuineness of documents, such as those from the London Gazette or from British colonies or dependencies, are no longer valid. Section 82, which covered presumptions about the genuineness of documents admissible in England without proof or seal, has been deleted entirely.

Conclusion

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) represents a comprehensive overhaul of India’s legal framework regarding the law governing

evidence. One of its key features is the inclusion and recognition of electronic evidence, a significant departure from the outdated approach of the colonial-era laws it replaces. This modernization acknowledges the rapid technological advancements and the increasing prevalence of digital communication in contemporary society.

The BSA expands the definition of evidence to explicitly include electronically provided statements and documents, recognizing electronic or digital records as valid forms of evidence. This expansion is crucial in a digital age where much of our communication and transactions occur online.

Additionally, the BSA streamlines and clarifies the rules governing confessions. It reorganizes and consolidates provisions related to confessions, making the rules more coherent and easier to understand. The inclusion of provisos to Section 24, which previously rendered certain kinds of confessions irrelevant, introduces more nuanced considerations for the admissibility of confessions, particularly in cases where inducement, threat, or promise may have been involved.

Overall, the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam marks a significant step forward in India's legal system. It embraces technological advancements, addresses outdated provisions, and reflects a more contemporary and culturally sensitive approach to evidence law

Rajiv Ambat

Lifestyle Disorders Coach & Founder - SOLVEMyHealth & NuvoVivo

Rajiv Ambat is a well-known speaker and author of the best-selling book - 'The Midriff Crisis' and a lifestyle expert. Under the guidance of Mr Rajiv, his team at SOLVEMyHealth help their clients manage sleep disorders, apart from dealing with male sexual health conditions. At NuvoVivo, his team specialises in managing various lifestyle disorders of their clients through structured and scientific diet and exercise protocols customised for each individual.

10 Tips to Bring Down Blood Pressure

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, affects millions worldwide and is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. The World Health Organization (WHO) observes World Hypertension Day on May 17th, to create awareness about this dangerous lifestyle condition.

Hypertension is diagnosed through regular blood pressure screenings and can be treated with lifestyle changes, medication, and/or other medical interventions.

Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and is usually recorded as two numbers – Systolic pressure (the higher number) and diastolic pressure (the lower number). Systolic pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats, and diastolic pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. A normal blood pressure reading is

typically around 120/80 mmHg. A reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is considered hypertension.

Reasons for Hypertension

•Lifestyle factors & Obesity: A diet high in salt, unhealthy fats, and calories, lack of physical activity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can all contribute to an increase in blood pressure. A bad lifestyle can lead to arteries losing their stretchiness and elasticity.

•Genetics: A family history of hypertension can increase a person’s risk of developing high blood pressure.

•Age: Blood pressure tends to increase as a person gets older. As we all age, we lose a lot of muscles. This is called ”Age-related Sarcopenia’ and this leads to lower metabolism making people more susceptible to various metabolic disorders, including hypertension.

• Chronic kidney disease:

The kidney is one of the prime organs that control blood pressure. Damage to the kidney due to various kidney diseases (Nephropathy) can make the blood pressure go topsy-turvy! Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the most common kidney diseases that happen due to chronic and uncontrolled blood sugar levels. High blood pressure and associated complications are very common in such people.

Hormonal imbalances: Hormonal imbalances can cause hypertension in several ways. Some hormones like renin, angiotensin, etc can directly affect the constriction or dilation of blood vessels, which can raise or lower BP. Other hormones such as aldosterone can affect the body’s fluid balance, which can also affect blood pressure. High levels of stress hormones such as cortisol also can lead to an increase in blood pressure.

A

diet high in salt, unhealthy fats, and calories, lack of physical activity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can all contribute to an increase in blood pressure.

Medications: Medications like birth control pills, cold remedies, and some antidepressants, can cause an increase in blood pressure.

Two Types of Hypertensions

Primary Hypertension – is the most common type of hypertension and is caused by a variety of factors including genetics, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, and an unhealthy diet high in salt and low in potassium. It develops gradually over time and typically has no identifiable cause. Primary hypertension is mostly attributed to a bad lifestyle where the arteries lose their stretchiness and elasticity. This leads to high blood pressure.

Secondary Hypertension – is not very common and is mostly a result of certain medical conditions or due to some medications. Some examples of underlying medical conditions that can cause secondary hypertension include kidney disease, sleep apnea, and adrenal gland tumours. Diabetes-induced kidney damage (Diabetic Nephropathy) is the most common reason for this.

Medications that can cause secondary hypertension include birth control pills, decongestants, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Lifestyle Tips to Manage Hypertension

Lifestyle changes can be very effective in controlling hypertension and reducing the risk of related health problems. If done in the right manner, it can even help you reduce medications. It is important to note that, these tips are more relevant for primary hypertension that occurs due to a sedentary lifestyle.

In the case of secondary hypertension, such as due to chronic kidney disease, some of the tips mentioned below, such as increasing potassium & magnesium, etc may not be advisable. Always consult your doctor and a lifestyle expert before making major dietary modifications in case of secondary hypertension (and in chronic blood pressure variations).

While a healthy lifestyle change may help you reduce medications,

any such change should be assessed and advised only by your doctor. DO NOT self-medicate or change the medicine dosages by yourself.

Here are 10 tips to bring down blood pressure through lifestyle changes.

1. Reduce Sodium

Most of us know that one should reduce salt to manage blood pressure. The villain is the sodium in the table salt (Sodium Chloride). Sodium increases water retention and blood volume, which inturn increases cardiac output and hence the BP. It is noteworthy that, sodium comes from many other food sources, and not just table salt. Almost all packaged and canned food contains sodium compounds used as an additive to improve its shelf life. Ajinomoto, added to food to bring in the umami flavour, also contains sodium in the form of MSG (Mono sodium glutamate).

Most of us in our usual diet, consume nearly 3 gms of sodium every day. Reduce the sodium intake to below 2 grams per day and you

Lifestyle changes can be very effective in controlling hypertension and reducing the risk of related health problems. If done in the right manner, it can even help you reduce medications.

may notice nearly 3 – 5 mm Hg reduction in blood pressure readings.

2. Include Potassium

Potassium can help to counteract the effects of sodium and lower blood pressure. The more potassium you eat, the more sodium you lose through urine! The average potassium intake is 1.7 grams a day in a normal Indian diet, while the recommendation is 4.5 to 4.7 grams a day.

Increase your potassium intake to 3.5 – 4.5 grams per day and you may notice another 4 – 5 mm Hg reduction in blood pressure. Raisins, bananas, beans, lentils, avocados, etc are all rich in potassium.

3. Include Magnesium

Magnesium is a mineral that plays an important role in many functions, viz – blood pressure regulation, proper muscle and nerve function, and blood sugar control. Despite its importance, many people are deficient in magnesium.

A blood test is one of the ways to check for magnesium deficiency. A normal range for magnesium in the blood is generally considered to be 1.8 – 2.2 mg/dL. A level below 1.8 mg/dL is considered low and may indicate a deficiency.

It’s important to note that a serum Mg test may not always be accurate as the majority of magnesium in the body is stored in bones and tissues, and only a small fraction is found in the blood. Therefore, even if the blood test results are within the normal range, it does not necessarily mean that there isn’t a Mg deficiency.

The recommended daily intake of Mg may vary based on gender and age. For an adult male, the recommended daily intake is 400-420 mg/

day, while for adult women it is 310320 mg/day. Nuts, pumpkin seeds, almonds, and green leafy vegetables are all good sources of Mg. However, for those who are deficient, supplementation may be necessary. A variety of supplements are available in the market such as magnesium citrate, magnesium glycinate, magnesium threonate, magnesium malate and more!

4. Include Omega-3

Omega-3 fatty acids are anti-inflammatory and can help to reduce the cholesterol levels in the blood. It may also help to reduce blood pressure by 2 – 3 mm Hg if combined with a balanced diet.

Fatty fish is an excellent source of omega-3. Nuts and seeds, such as flaxseeds, almonds, etc are vegetarian sources of omega-3 fatty acids (ALA). Given a choice between the fish-based and plant-based omega 3, the fish-based omega 3 fatty acids are better as it is in the immediate bio-available and required form - i.e. EPA & DHA.

5. Lose Body Fat

Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing hypertension. Weight loss can help regulate blood pressure by decreasing the amount of work the heart has to do to pump blood throughout the body. The higher the body mass, there is more volume of tissues to which the heart has to pump blood. Our heart hence needs to be pumping at higher pressure.

Losing weight can reduce the pressure on the blood vessels and decrease the workload on the heart, ultimately leading to lower blood pressure. It is estimated that, for every kilogram of fat loss, the systolic

pressure falls by nearly 1 mm Hg.

6. Regular Exercise

Regular physical activity can help to lower blood pressure by 2-5 mm Hg. For a beginner, 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercises, 5 days a week is a good start. As you become regular with exercises, gradually increase the time to 60 mins, for 5 days a week. Exercises should however be performed based on the physical conditions and abilities of a person. Structured and controlled exercises are one of the best antiinflammatory activity.

Cardio exercises, while good for the heart, should be performed only upon the consultation of your physician or a competent lifestyle expert, in case of already existing heart conditions. Yoga is particularly helpful as it activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for slowing down the heart rate, increasing blood flow to the gut, and promoting relaxation and bringing down the BP.

7. Quit Smoking

Smoking can damage the blood vessels and increase the risk of hypertension and other health problems. The nicotine in the cigarette is a vaso-constrictor; it constricts the blood vessels, thereby increasing blood pressure. It also corrodes the internal walls of the blood vessels, making them more susceptible to plaque deposits and cholesterol blocks (Atherosclerosis).

8. Limiting Alcohol

Stopping alcohol entirely may bring down the blood pressure by 2-5 mm Hg. Alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure through several mechanisms. Firstly, alcohol is a vasodilator, meaning it relaxes

and widens blood vessels. While this initially leads to a temporary drop in blood pressure, the body responds by increasing heart rate to maintain blood flow and overall circulation. Over time, chronic alcohol consumption can contribute to sustained elevated heart rate and blood pressure.

Furthermore, alcohol can directly affect the sympathetic nervous system, which plays a role in regulating blood pressure. Excessive alcohol intake can lead to an overstimulation of this system, resulting in increased release of stress hormones such as adrenaline. This heightened sympathetic activity can cause blood vessels to constrict, raising blood pressure.

Additionally, prolonged and heavy drinking can lead to other factors that contribute to hypertension, such as weight gain, inflammation, and disruptions in sleep patterns.

9. Manage Stress

It is a well-known fact that stress can raise blood pressure. Meditation, yoga, or other relaxation techniques such as deep abdominal breathing can help in stressful situations and bring down BP. Deep Abdominal breathing, also known as diaphragmatic breathing, is when you engage the entire lung (lower lobes). Breathe in for 4 seconds, and breathe out for 5 seconds; you will notice an immediate drop in the heart rate and blood pressure.

10. Proper Sleep

Lack of sleep can lead to high BP through various physiological mechanisms. Insufficient sleep disrupts the natural balance of the cortisol hormone, leading to heightened sympathetic activity and, subsequently, elevated blood pressure. Additionally, sleep deprivation has been linked to inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can negatively impact

blood vessel function and contribute to hypertension.

DASH Diet to Reduce Blood Pressure

The DASH diet is a dietary pattern that stands for “Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension” It is a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and is low in saturated and total fat. The DASH diet also includes moderate amounts of lean meats, fish, poultry, and nuts, and is low in sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, red meats, and added fats. The diet is designed to lower blood pressure and improve heart health by emphasizing the consumption of nutrient-dense foods that are high in potassium, magnesium, calcium, and fibre, and low in sodium. The DASH diet has also shown to reduce the risk of stroke, and other health problems apart from heart diseases

Dolly Maria

Dolly Maria is founder of THE IGNIST, a training company born out of a noble cause and spirit. She holds a decade long experience being a passionate mentor and entrepreneur.

Recognizing where to set the boundary line is the first step to maintain a healthy relationship. Especially when it comes to your workplace.

“No” Is A Complete Sentence!

There is an unconsciously written screenplay, a written life plan, that every human being builds in his childhood. This life script is sometimes so detrimentally elongated or stretched even towards the end of one's life. This is regarding the socalled life positions or ok-positions that we credit to humans in the early stages of our lives. The standards you set determine the life you get! We start with may be even worshipping our immediate family members like our parents, elders, teachers, etc. They do tower tall over us physically and tell us what to do and what not to. These early years when your mind is infact a sponge that would be readily absorbing any information fed to you, makes a very convincing case with your brain that these people who tell you what is right to do, are infact the “OK” people, and that you are “Not Ok”. It’s the default position of every child. Transactional Analysis draws this conditions as Four Life Positions which are : I am Ok – You are Ok, I am Ok – You are not ok, I am ok – You are ok and I am not ok and You're not ok. Humans, knowingly or unknowingly create a picture in their heads of themselves, of others and of the world at very early stages of life. It depends upon what kind of situations you've been through in your childhood and how you have decoded it into your behavioral repertoire. Your brain records past ex-

periences like a tape recorder, and unfortunately, many of us prefer to keep the favorite life position that you picked up at your adolescence. When we grow up, we see life. We experience life and people. We get to really assess, analyze, understand and rightfully judge on the factful realities and truth. What you had chosen as your life position would definitely need to be put to reanalysis. The people that you worshipped and felt the need to respect, might not come true with your current matured analytical glasses on. The most important thing on this planet is to safeguard your emotional well-being. If at any point of time, you find that someone, something or a situation is gnawing you for a considerably longer time, stop and think. Do a complete postmortem on the situation you are in. Do a thorough case study on what and who you’ve set free on your personal emotional premises. The first step is to understand where the boundary should have been and figuring out whether someone/something has trespassed those limits. Most of the times, they would have already for a long long time and we wouldn’t even have been aware of it. Recognizing where to set the boundary line is the first step to maintain a healthy relationship. Especially when it comes to your workplace.

If you do not set boundaries, that can very well affect your self-respect. Unless you want to respect yourself,

If you do not draw rigid boundaries, you won't be able to say 'no' where you have to, others might get too involved into your privacy, they might not value your opinions and trample your feelings publicly.

you cannot make/force another person respect you. Respect is always earned, and never can be forced upon. Whatever comes out of sheer desperateness and fear can never be called respect. If you do not draw rigid boundaries, you won't be able to say 'no' where you have to, others might get too involved into your privacy, they might not value your opinions and trample your feelings publicly. We all have mix of boundaries set as per the character of situations and according to the intimacy/ relationship with the other person. However, it is imperative to know for sure who holds what. If not, then toxic people can spread toxicity into our lives and make it so poisonous to survive in. Unless you take immediate actions on this, it can get too late that you succumb or surrender to the inevitable failure.

Boundaries are set as per the gravity of the situation. Hard boundaries are non-negotiable and cannot be compromised on, used upon do or die situations. Soft boundaries are more flexible, you can rethink about a negotiation on conditions. In both

the cases, either party will have to go through the unavoidable consequences experienced by taking this choice.

Boundaries are limits where we identify with ourselves. We need to be so aware of what treatment we are receiving from others. It should never be through the glasses you had sent decades ago, but by the current maturity and realistic truth. If you were always manipulated and used, today also you might be easily complacent to the atrocities and do not take it as wrong done to you. However, the desired status or destination to reach the I am ok – You are ok position. Should be to understand people and situations as they really are, and confront them courageously. It might be difficult as you have been following a pattern comfortably for a long time, eventhough it was toxic. However,

you need to make that huge brave leap out of it – to save yourself from the impending doom. Sometimes, it doesn’t happen overnight. In this fast-paced world, you might want to have a quick resolution or a short cut. But some healings take time. It is indeed a positive thing to sink in to process a long standing trauma, to look at it eye to eye, accept the reality, figure out what’s best for you, identify what solutions would be productive, prepare yourself to confront the change, decide to make the change, communicate with the stake holders involved that you are to make this unavoidable change, request their support if they are ready to lend a hand, sharpen your skills, and start applying the change slowly into your life.

“A child who feels unloved will endure large amounts of abuse for a small amount of love”. Listen,

Boundaries are all about who we give power to. The crux here is to recognize that the key is with you. The power is yours. They might force, drag or manipulate us to go back to the previous destructive environment. They wouldn’t want you to realise that you have the power, you have the Light in you. You don’t need anyone’s validations, but your own conscience’s. You need to meet with your own mental peace. Make yourself your priority. It is not selfishness; you are only protecting yourself! Love yourself first. Visualize your new life and your future goals regularly and work towards it confidently. Each time you pass a test, you will be more strong to take the next. Commit to your own growth, development, progress, happiness and peace. Be kind, but with spine. Nothing else matters first than you!

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Rs. 23,430 (approximately)

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Glow and Grow with Rosemary

Rosemary, often celebrated for its fragrant culinary delights, is a powerful herb that does more than just flavor our dishes. Its leaves, rich in essential nutrients and antioxidants, are a treasure trove of beauty benefits for both skin and hair. This article will explore the numerous ways in which rosemary leaves can enhance your beauty regimen, transforming it with nature's touch.

Revitalizing Skin Care with Rosemary

Rosemary's potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties make it an excellent addition to your skin care routine. Here’s how rosemary leaves can rejuvenate and protect your skin:

1. Enhanced Circulation for a Radiant Glow: The application of rosemary extract can help stimulate blood circulation to the skin. This increased blood flow not only imparts

a natural glow but also aids in the delivery of nutrients, ensuring your skin stays healthy and vibrant.

2. Anti-Aging Benefits: Rich in antioxidants, rosemary leaves combat skin damage caused by sun exposure and free radicals. Regular use can reduce fine lines and wrinkles, promoting youthful, supple skin.

3. Blemish Control: Thanks to its antimicrobial properties, rosemary is effective in treating acne and other skin infections. It helps balance natural oils and reduces the occurrence of breakouts, leaving you with clear, refreshed skin.

4. Soothing Inflammation:

For those with sensitive or irritated skin, rosemary can be a gentle healer. It soothes redness and swelling, offering relief from conditions like eczema and psoriasis.

Luscious Locks with Rosemary

Not only does rosemary have

Dr. Elizabath Chacko, MD-Kalpana International

benefits for the skin, but it also works wonders for the hair. Incorporating rosemary into your hair care routine can yield the following benefits:

1. Promotes Hair Growth: Rosemary is known to stimulate hair follicles, encouraging growth. It can help to slow down premature hair loss and can even be used to treat alopecia.

2. Scalp Health: The antifungal properties of rosemary help keep scalp infections at bay, which can prevent dandruff and maintain scalp health. A healthy scalp is the foundation for healthy hair.

3. Natural Shine: Rosemary rinse can leave hair shiny and more manageable by smoothing the hair cuticles which reflect more light.

4. Strengthens Hair: The nutrients in rosemary strengthen hair from the root to the tip, preventing breakage and promoting fuller, thicker hair.

Incorporating Rosemary into Your Beauty Routine

Here are some simple ways to harness the beauty benefits of rosemary:

Rosemary Infused Oil: Steep fresh rosemary leaves in a carrier oil like coconut or olive oil for a few weeks. Use this infusion as a preshampoo hair treatment or a nightly skin moisturizer.

Rosemary Water Spray: Boil

rosemary leaves in water, strain, and pour the liquid into a spray bottle. Use it as a refreshing toner or a revitalizing hair spritz.

Direct Application: For targeted treatment, apply rosemary essential oil mixed with a carrier oil directly to blemishes or areas of inflammation.

Herbal Teas: Drinking rosemary tea can also impart beauty benefits from the inside out, offering a holistic approach to skincare and hair health.

By integrating rosemary into your beauty routines, you not only benefit from its potent natural properties but also embrace a greener lifestyle. Rediscover the timeless charm of rosemary, and let it transform your skin and hair into the best versions of themselves

The moniker "Mini Switzerland of India" was bestowed upon Khajjiar by Mr. Willy T. Blazer, Vice Counsellor and Head of Chancery of Switzerland, who found himself captivated by its breathtaking landscape.

Khajjiar: The Mini Switzerland Marvel

Nestled in the embrace of the Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh, Khajjiar emerges as a picturesque hill station, its natural allure and timeless charm beckoning travelers from far and wide. Here, amidst the pristine beauty of the landscape, lies a treasure trove of ancient temples, serene lakes, lush wildlife sanctuaries, and majestic cedar forests. Khajjiar is not just a destination; it's a journey through time, where traditional essence seamlessly intertwines with modern amenities, creating an experience unlike any other.

The moniker "Mini Switzerland of India" was bestowed upon Khajjiar by Mr. Willy T. Blazer, Vice Counsellor and Head of Chancery of Switzerland, who found himself captivated by its breathtaking landscape. In 1992, he placed a signboard depicting a yellow Swiss hiking footpath, indicating the distance from Bernes, the capital of Switzerland, to Khajjiar - 6194 km. Since then, the charm of Khajjiar has only amplified, drawing visitors to its enchanting vistas year after year. Since its christening as the "Mini Switzerland of India," Khajjiar has held steadfast to its reputation, cap-

tivating the hearts of travelers with its ethereal beauty and timeless allure. Mr. Blazer's gesture, simple yet profound, not only highlighted the striking resemblance between Khajjiar and the Swiss countryside but also immortalized the hill station's enchanting essence. Over the years, Khajjiar has evolved into a sanctuary for those seeking solace amidst nature's splendor, drawing visitors from all corners of the globe to bask in its serene landscapes and soak in the tranquility of its meadows and lakes. As the years pass, the charm of Khajjiar continues to endure, a testament to the enduring

magic of this hidden gem nestled in the heart of Himachal Pradesh.

Places to Visit

Khajjiar Lake

Khajjiar Lake, situated in the scenic Chambal district, rests at an impressive altitude of 1920 meters, offering a stunning view of the valley below. Dubbed the 'Mini Swiss,' Khajjiar is famed for its adventurous activities like paragliding and horse riding.

The crystal-clear waters of Khajjiar Lake sparkle under the vast blue sky, providing a serene backdrop for various activities. Whether you prefer a leisurely stroll along its shores or a visit to the Khajji Nag temple with its intricate wood carvings and gleaming dome, there's something for everyone. On a clear

day, lucky visitors may even catch a glimpse of the majestic Mount Kailash from the lake's shores, adding to the area's natural charm.

Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary

The Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as the Kalatop Khajjiar Sanctuary, is a breathtaking natural haven nestled in the picturesque hilly terrain of the Chamba district in Himachal Pradesh. Here, thick deodar foliage, teeming wildlife, snow-capped peaks, lush grasslands, and meandering streams converge to create a mesmerizing landscape.

The name "Kalatop," meaning 'black cap,' alludes to the dense canopy of black forest covering the highest hill within the sanctuary. Situated just a stone's throw away from the Chamba dam and Cham-

era reservoir on the Ravi River, this sanctuary boasts a rich diversity of flora and fauna. The sanctuary is crisscrossed by numerous small freshwater streams that ultimately flow into the Ravi River to the north, adding to its scenic charm.

Panch Pandav Tree

The Panch Pandav Tree, nestled in the serene landscapes of Khajjiar, Himachal Pradesh, holds a special significance steeped in mythology. Believed to symbolize the five Pandava brothers and their wife Draupadi from the epic Mahabharata, this majestic deodar tree draws throngs of devotees and tourists alike to pay homage to its sacred presence.

Standing tall with a common root, the Panch Pandav Tree's base is uniquely split into six distinct parts,

adding to its mystical allure. Visitors flock to this revered site to bask in its spiritual ambiance and offer their prayers to the revered figures it represents. Nearby, another remarkable deodar tree, known as the Mother of the Panch Pandav Tree, stands with its base split into fifteen parts, further enhancing the mystical aura of the surroundings.

Khajji Nag Temple

The Khajji Nag Temple, a timeless marvel dedicated to Khaji Nag, the revered Lord of Serpents, stands as a testament to Himachal Pradesh's rich cultural heritage and spiritual legacy. Dating back to the 12th century, this sacred sanctuary exudes an aura of historical significance and architectural grandeur that continues to captivate visitors

From intricately woven rugs to stylish hats, from delicate Buddha statues to elegant trinkets and jewelry, the shops here overflow with unique finds for every taste and preference.

from far and wide.

Perched on the serene banks of Khajjiar Lake, the Khajji Nag Temple showcases a remarkable fusion of Hindu and Mughal architectural styles, evident in its intricate wood carvings and ornate embellishments. Stepping inside, worshippers are greeted by the divine presence of idols depicting Shiva, Hidimba, and vivid depictions of the Pandava and Kaurava, each intricately woven into the fabric of myth and legend. Dainkund Peak

Dainkund Peak, a crown jewel of Dalhousie's natural splendor, beckons travelers with its verdant allure and panoramic vistas. Standing proudly at an elevation of 2745 meters, this lush green peak commands attention as the highest point in the region, offering visitors an unparalleled 360-degree view of the surrounding valley.

Dubbed the "Singing Hill" by locals, Dainkund Peak enchants with the melodious whistling sounds produced by the cool breeze as it caresses the hill's slopes. The journey to the peak is an adventure in itself, with the road winding through picturesque landscapes dotted with biking enthusiasts and offering opportunities for both biking and trekking enthusiasts to immerse themselves in the natural beauty of the region.

Tibetan Handicrafts Centre

Exploring the vibrant markets near Khajjiar is an essential part of any visit, offering an opportunity to bring back cherished mementos

and treasures for loved ones. Situated in the bustling Gandhi Chowk area, just 2 km from Dalhousie, the Tibetan handicrafts center beckons with its array of shops showcasing locally crafted delights.

From intricately woven rugs to stylish hats, from delicate Buddha statues to elegant trinkets and jewelry, the shops here overflow with unique finds for every taste and preference. Women can indulge in exquisite woolen garments, while art lovers can browse through a plethora of crafts pieces and knickknacks, each carrying the essence of the region's rich cultural heritage. Embracing Nature's Splendor and Spiritual Legacy

The allure of Khajjiar, aptly named the "Mini Switzerland of India," lies not just in its breathtaking landscapes but also in the warmth of its people, the richness of its heritage, and the serenity of its surroundings. Whether you're seeking adventure amidst nature's bounty or tranquility amidst ancient temples, Khajjiar offers a sanctuary for every traveler's soul.

As you bid farewell to this land of wonders, take with you not just souvenirs and trinkets but also the essence of Khajjiar - a reminder of the timeless beauty and enduring charm that awaits your return. Until we meet again amidst the lush greenery and snow-capped peaks, may the memories of Khajjiar continue to inspire and delight, weaving a thread of magic that connects us to the heart of the Himalayas

Vivek Venugopal is one of India’s top automotive writers with over a decade’s experience in road-testing and reviewing cars. He is currently the Editor of Quarter Mile magazine and a columnist in several leading magazines and newspapers. He is also a highly sought after consulting engineer and market analyst for many automobile manufacturers.

Mahindra 3XO

Do not let the new name confuse you, because this is still the same XUV300 underneath. But with such heavy updates to its styling, features and tech, Mahindra thought it warrants a new name and called it the 3XO. They have done it before with the Bolero and Nuvosport, which before they went under the scalpel, were called the TUV 300 and Quanto. But unlike those two, the updates in the XUV 3XO go beyond the usual. We drove one, in the outskirts near the old Mahindra plant, in Nashik.

The front end receives a comprehensive styling revision with sharp edges and straight lines making way for a modern, curvier design. The C-shaped DRLs are quite large and flank either side of the headlamps which now house a new projector unit that extends down

towards the bottom. The grille is a closed one in a glossy piano black finish with chrome trims to give it the Mahindra look. The bonnet has new contours to give it a bit more muscle, there are new 17-inch alloy wheels and the Citrine yellow colour does stand out. Does it look good? In my eyes and those of the social media, it doesn't. Last year, Tata did a similar styling update with their XUV 300 competitor, the Nexon, and that made an old car look modern. This one looks like a failed attempt. It just screams for attention. At least, the rear is slightly better executed with a new bumper and now full-width led strip replacing the old, separated tail lamps.

The interiors are better though. The dashboard and doors have a new leatherette material covering the top parts, which looks and feels premium. The infotainment is big-

The dashboard and doors have a new leatherette material covering the top parts, which looks and feels premium.

ger and similar to the one we saw in the XUV400 facelift. The cabin is a nice combination of black and white which makes it feel very airy. Since it is based on the bigger Ssangyong Tivoli, the XUV 3XO has a more spacious cabin than most of its rivals. The front seats are large, the wheelbase is generous for good legroom

and the rear seat is wide enough for three abreast seating. The boot is slightly bigger than before, at 295 litres. The XUV 3XO comes loaded with features like level 2 ADAS, radar-based cruise control, dual-zone AC, panoramic sunroof, Harmon Kardon audio, etc. Even the base model gets six airbags, rear discs,

ESP, etc making it a very good value. Powering the 3XO are two 1.2 litre 3 cylinder petrol engines in 110bhp and 131bhp state of tunes and a 117bhp 1.5 litre 4 cylinder diesel. The 131bhp petrol, we first saw in the XUV300 TurboSport is the one we tested and in terms of headline figures that’s the most amount

The 3XO also impresses with its road manners. The body control is good, the grip is commendable and although the steering isn’t bristling with feedback, it does feel direct. The ride is good, even with 17 inchers, and you can tackle most bad roads with its long-travel suspension.

of power in its segment. It gets direct injection, higher pressure injectors and a different turbo to give 21bhp and 30Nm over the lower spec variant. It also gets an overboost function which provides an extra 20Nm for a few seconds pushing the max torque to nearly 250Nm. The engine is very punchy and pushes the 3XO to triple-digit speeds in a claimed 10.9 seconds. Even at low speeds, you can tell the fuel maps prioritize throttle response over fuel efficiency. It is mated

to a six-speed torque converter automatic gearbox that delivers really smooth shifts.

The 3XO also impresses with its road manners. The body control is good, the grip is commendable and although the steering isn’t bristling with feedback, it does feel direct. The ride is good, even with 17 inchers, and you can tackle most bad roads with its long-travel suspension. The cabin is very well insulated from engine and wind noise, but we noticed a lot of road noise in

our test car.

The 3XO may not appeal to everyone with its styling, but you have to hand it over to Mahindra for making it good value. The base model starts at Rs.7.49 lakhs which can put some hatchbacks to shame. For that you get a turbo petrol engine with 110bhp, a full safety kit, the space, comfort, ride and handling of a crossover. It does get expensive as you go up the ladder, but it is reasonably well-loaded. May be they were right in renaming it, after all

Bade Miyan Chote Miyan

"Bade Miyan Chote Miyan" is an action-packed sci-fi thriller that keeps you on the edge of your seat. Directed by Ali Abbas Zafar, this Indian Hindi-language film stars Akshay Kumar and Tiger Shroff, who deliver powerful performances as former soldiers. They reunite to prevent a catastrophic attack planned by a vengeful mad scientist, brilliantly portrayed by Prithviraj Sukumaran. The movie is filled with thrilling action sequences and impressive special effects that enhance the storytelling. Supporting roles by Manushi Chhillar, Alaya F, Sonakshi Sinha, and Ronit Bose Roy add depth to the dynamic cast, making every scene compelling. The film’s pace is fast, keeping the excitement high from start to finish. Overall, "Bade Miyan Chote Miyan" is a mustwatch for its stellar cast and gripping plot.

Maidaan

"Maidaan" is a compelling biographical sports drama directed by Amit Ravindernath Sharma, featuring Ajay Devgn in a standout performance as Syed Abdul Rahim, the coach who transformed Indian football. The film spans a crucial decade from 1952 to 1962, capturing the highs and lows of Rahim's career and the Indian Football Team's rise as the "Brazil of Asia." The narrative skillfully depicts Rahim’s visionary leadership, which led to significant triumphs, including two gold medals at the Asian Games and a historic semi-final appearance in the 1956 Summer Olympics. With its solid direction, robust performances, and an inspirational story, "Maidaan" not only entertains but also pays a fitting tribute to a legendary figure in Indian sports history. This film is a must-watch for sports enthusiasts and cinephiles alike.

Amar Singh Chamkila

"Amar Singh Chamkila," directed by Imtiaz Ali, is a riveting biographical drama that explores the life and legacy of the iconic Punjabi musician Amar Singh Chamkila. Diljit Dosanjh delivers a powerful performance in the lead role, capturing Chamkila's charisma and complex persona with authenticity. Parineeti Chopra shines as his supportive yet strong-willed wife, Amarjot. The film brilliantly portrays Chamkila’s rise to fame, highlighting how his provocative lyrics both charmed and challenged the conservative societal norms of Punjab. As the story unfolds, it delves into the intense scrutiny and controversies that shadowed his career, leading up to his tragic and untimely death. "Amar Singh Chamkila" is a compelling watch that effectively combines drama, music, and a poignant narrative.

The Family Star

"The Family Star," directed by Parasuram, is a heartwarming Telugu romantic family drama that showcases the complexities of love and family dynamics. Starring Vijay Deverakonda and Mrunal Thakur, the film delivers strong performances, with Deverakonda excelling as Govardhan, a middle-class architect whose life takes a dramatic turn when he meets Indu, portrayed compellingly by Thakur. The plot cleverly navigates through their initial romance, subsequent misunderstandings, and eventual reconciliation, providing a satisfying emotional arc. The story is engaging, blending romance with realistic life challenges, making it relatable to a broad audience. Overall, "The Family Star" is a delightful watch that combines drama, love, and humor, culminating in a feelgood ending that leaves viewers both entertained and moved.

Funny Story

Author : Emily Henry

Price : `550 (Paperback)

"Funny Story" by Emily Henry is an irresistible romantic comedy that brilliantly captures the complexities of love and friendship. Set in a charming lakeside town in Michigan, this novel follows Daphne, a spirited children’s librarian, who finds herself unexpectedly living with Miles, the polar opposite of her ex-fiancé’s new love interest. Their mischievous plot to make their exes jealous through misleading photos is delightfully amusing. Emily Henry’s writing is sharp and witty, weaving a narrative that’s both heartfelt and hilariously engaging. As Daphne and Miles navigate their unintended chemistry, readers are treated to a story that is as much about finding oneself as it is about finding love. A truly enjoyable read that’s hard to put down!

All We Were Promised

Author : Ashton Lattimore

Price : `1,935 (Hardcover)

"All We Were Promised" by Ashton Lattimore is a compelling debut that delves deep into the heart of 19th-century Philadelphia, exploring themes of freedom, identity, and resilience. Through the eyes of Charlotte, a young woman navigating the complexities of her existence between worlds, Lattimore skillfully portrays the intricate dynamics of race and class within the Black community. The friendship between Charlotte and Nell, an ambitious abolitionist, adds a vibrant layer to the narrative, enriching the story with hope and courage. Despite its deliberate pacing, the novel's rich historical setting and profound character studies offer a thoughtful reflection on past and present societal issues. Lattimore's voice is promising, and her future works are eagerly anticipated.

Darling Girls

Author : Sally Hepworth

Price : `2,632 (Hardcover)

"Darling Girls" by Sally Hepworth is a gripping thriller that masterfully intertwines the complexities of foster care with a suspenseful mystery. Hepworth's talent shines through in her creation of a vivid, peaceful farm setting that hides dark secrets beneath its idyllic surface. The story follows Jessica, Norah, and Alicia, three foster sisters whose troubled pasts resurface with the discovery of a body on their farm, propelling them into a whirlwind of suspicion and revelation. Hepworth deftly handles the dual timelines, enhancing the tension and depth of the narrative. Miss Fairchild is a brilliantly crafted antagonist, whose cunning and malevolence make the plot’s twists even more compelling. A thought-provoking and thrilling read that keeps the pages turning.

How to End a Love Story

Author : Yulin Kuang

Price : `926 (Paperback)

"How to End a Love Story" by Yulin Kuang is a poignant and beautifully crafted novel that explores the enduring impact of first loves and unresolved pasts. Helen Zhang, a successful author, finds her world upended when Grant Shepherd, a figure from her teenage years, reenters her life during a screenwriting project. Kuang skillfully navigates the complexities of rekindled emotions and the haunting power of shared history. The narrative, rich with emotional depth and authentic characters, captivates the reader as it delves into what it truly means to move forward. Kuang's prose is evocative and resonant, making the journey of Helen and Grant's reconciliation both heart-wrenching and insightful. A memorable exploration of love, loss, and the paths not taken.