Prototyping (without AR) Formfinding Development 50%
Physic Simulation
Structural Optimisation
Spatial Experience Buildability
SITE
A community center in Bali under construction in Badung Regency.
Facing north towards the direction of the volcano, with a road running through the middle. @Jalan Raya, Sibang Kaja, Abiansemal, Badung Regency, Bali 80352, Indonesia.
HARMONY WITH NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
HARMONY WITH SPIRITUAL
HARMONY WITH PEOPLE?
Tri
Hita Karana is deeply ingrained in Balinese architecture and decorations. It translates to "the three causes of well-being" and emphasizes harmony among people, harmony with nature or environment, and harmony with the spiritual.
Harmonizing Bali’s Heritage Spiritual, Cultural, Communal Pillars into Tomorrow’s Banjar
The new version of Banjar represents a synthesis of cultural, spiritual, and communal functions into a single, multifunctional space.
HARMONY WITH PEOPLE?
BALI BANJAR
HARMONY WITH SPIRITUAL
BALI KUL-KUL
HARMONY WITH COMMUNITY
BALI BALE
HARMONY WITH NATURE
BALI WANTILAN
SYMBOLIC + TECTONIC VERNACULAR
FROM SYMBOL TO FORM
FUNCTIONALITY WITH CULTURAL REVERENCE
The structure adopts the linear aesthetic form of the Jukung Polangan
The layout draws inspiration from the intricate placements and patterns of Canang sari, integrating natural and spiritual elements into everyday living spaces.
ECOLOGICAL + REGIONAL
NATURE ADAPTABILITY COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
CRITICAL REGIONALISM FROM AN ENVIRONMENTAL/BIOLOGICAL LENS
FOR BALI IS A HIGHLY BIOACTIVE AND FOREVER CHANGING LANDSCAPE
BALI BANJAR
BALI KUL-KUL
(BELL TOWER)
BALI WANTILAN (PERFORMANCE SPACE)
1D BAMBOO
SITE ANALYSIS, JOINERY STUDIES,
Fish Mouth Notch Offcuts
Agenda
• Neutral Embodied by Elora Hardy and Ibuku's work, the neutral category merges conventional, novel and innovative construction to create sustainable, culturally immersive spaces
• Chaotic This category, illustrated by projects utilizing Fologram and holographic instructions, explores experimental architecture using high-tech technologies and low-tech materials and accessibility.
• Conventional Aman Resort represents the conventional category, focusing on hospitality and authentic engagement with the destination's heritage, a practice in the hospitality industry.
THE ARC IBUKU/ATELIER ONE
BAMBOO PAVILION CORNELL RUBI LAB/HOLOLENS
AMANDARI, UBUD PETER MULLER
The Arc is a series of interdependent bamboo arches, stitched together by anticlastic grid shells – this complex construction system generates strength from curvature running in two different directions, while creating an organic shape.
Inspired by the ribcages of mammals, the outer layers of muscle and skin help to hold the rib bones
Construction of arches
Construction of gridshell
Cross-arches - bolt and wire joinery
• Crossing Arches Bundles Joinery
• Arches Meet Bundles Joinery
• Foundation Joinery
Bamboo as Building Material
Structural Detail
Structural Detail Bolted Hinge Joint
Structural Detail Fish Mouth Fixed Joint
Hole Joint Fixed Joint
Element Cross Section Bamboo Pole/Bundle Column/Beam
Element Cross Section LIDI Bundle Edge Detail/Substructure
Element Cross Section Splits Bundle Gridshell
Bamboo as Building Material
Column Base Motar
Rup-rup Large Curvatures Bending
Hand Sketch (2.3d) Void Deck, Internal Atrium
Hand Sketch (2.3d) Massing, Demolition Strategy
Rhino Test (2.3d) Modeling of Cluster Triple Height Spaces
PHYSICAL MODEL (1D)
PHYSICAL MODEL (1D)
PHYSICAL MODEL (1D)
MODEL: EDGE CONDITION OF THE GRID SHELL
2D PHYSICAL FORM-FINDING
Crescent-Shaped Arch in Bamboo Stick Sketch Model
SHARMA SPRINGS
Six lvl, supported by central tower
Tallest bamboo structure in bali
Tunnel entrance
LUMI SHALA
Five interleaved saddles tied together with an anticlastic gridshell of bamboo splits
Structural engineer: atelier one
THE ARC
Interdependent bamboo arches, stitched together by anticlastic grid shells
Structural engineer: atelier one
HEART OF SCHOOL
The roof is shaped in the form of three nautili spiraling into one another
Supported by three giant bamboo towers
ALCHEMY TILEM DOME
Frame five ribbons of anticlastic gridshell roofs
Natural mud floor is a mix of limestone/soils/clay
Structure engineer: ketut yasa
SANGKEP
Arches constructed using several segments of short bamboo to reach curvatures
THREE-PART MAKEUPS
• High point of the entry at the head section and the abdominal section
• Wingtips flare up in the shape of six symmetrical arches on the sides
IBUKU. The Arc at Green School. Earth Day, 2021. Sibang, Bali, ID.
The first parameter redefines the rotation for individual mini-bundles to improve construction accuracy.
03
Lastly, I created a central line through points A, A', D, and D', which can be shifted vertically to refine the joint through a series of parameters.
02
The second parameter adjusts the angle between two mini-bundles to ensure precise alignment.
04
Utilizing augmented reality, I considered the challenges of manual joint alignment and redesigned the parametric model accordingly.
The Gothic nave is characteristic of this repetition
Repitition of vaults allows them to buttress one another to create more complex structural forms
Horizontal Tessellation
The nave is formed by thehorizontal tessellation of asingle fan vault base unitcomposed of four columnsand evenly radiatingribs, transmitting affectsof ribbing, fanning and repetition
Prototyping (with AR)
Simulate the positioning of the 1:20 vault module as a physical mock-up model.
For specific curvature that needs prefabrication, approximate the curve in AR.
02
Document the points of connection on the model base (in construction this could be coordinates + QR codes
04
The top shape is used to tie the two opposite arches together.
Final Assemblage of a single vault module
Design Concept
01 UBUD
Orientation towards the volcano.Anchorig entrance and main flow of crowd.
02 "Kul-kul"
Diverge the visitor after briefly holding them in the temple of gathering, while doubling as a gathering and passign through space.
03 "Bale"
For larger events/general use cases, the width is stretched to accomodate larger crowds and big craft making sessions.
03 "Watilan"
For specific use cases, a higher ceiling but more enclosed space is formed for performance of smaller capacity.
Repitition of vaults allows them to buttress one another to create more complex structural forms
Horizontal Tessellation
The nave is formed by thehorizontal tessellation of asingle fan vault base unitcomposed of four columnsand evenly radiatingribs, transmitting affectsof ribbing, fanning and repetition
PHYSICAL MODEL (2D)
01 Jukung Polangan
The structure adopts the linear aesthetic form of the Jukung Polangan. The layout draws inspiration from the intricate placements and patterns of Canang sari, integrating natural and spiritual elements into everyday living spaces.
PHYSICAL MODEL (2D)
MODEL (2D)
01 Massing and Spatial Definition:
This stage lays the foundational geometry, delineating clear zones that reflect the traditional functions of meeting, performance, and communal interaction within a singular architectural form.
PHYSICAL MODEL (2D)
1:20 STICK MODEL PROTOTYPING
01 Spatial Refinement:
In the second iteration of the prototype, attention shifts to refining individual spaces, focusing on heights, perimeters, and apertures to enhance user interaction with structural elements. This phase delves deeper into the relationship between the inhabitants and the built environment, emphasizing ergonomic scale and the integration of columns to support both the structure and the spatial experience.
PHYSICAL MODEL (2D)
3D DYNAMIC SIMULATION
PHYSIC/MECHANICAL
Conceptual Framework
• Form-finding through Force
• Increased canopy area (pink) to decrease direct solar heat gain hours
• Physics-Based Iterations
• Volumetric massing propped up by accurate vertical elements and boundry conditions.
Kangaroo
Control crvs, gravity force and boundry conditions
Canopy height and roof apature optimisation
Rib and surfaces forming a shell
1. Segmentation of Shells
3. Addition Of Canopy Onto The Main Frame
2. Boundry Condition Adjustment
4. Incorporating Roof Apatures
• Structural Materials:
• Bamboo (for structural scaffolding and primary structure): 6324.7 kg (as specified in Karamba analysis)
• Binding materials (ropes, nails): 200 kg
• Roof Materials:
• Bamboo for roof structure: 2500 kg
• Roof covering materials (thatch, tiles, etc.): 1500 kg
2. Eastern wind requires mid-section gridshell and column cluster to use thicker cross section poles and arch bracings
4. Material Utilisation, Optimisation and Calculation
5. Load Set up: Clear Structural Logic, Expanding on the previous Kangaroo silulation
3. Northern wind load requires substructures for canopy ruled surfaces.
6. Test windloads and Grid Shell Performance
Formal Language
1. Western wind requires the Bali Watilan facade to be strengthen with internal bracings.
STRUCTURALIZED: LOADS AND FORCES
Spatial Experience Buildability
Kangaroo3d
Kangaroo3d
Conceptual Framework 03
Spatial Experience Buildability
MAKING
Weave
Bamboo Splits/Bundle
Shawdow Study and Light Analysis
LIGHT ANALYSIS
BALI KUL-KUL
LIGHT ANALYSIS
BALI WANTILAN
LIGHT ANALYSIS
BALI BALE
Shawdow Study and Light Analysis
SHADOW STUDY
BALI KUL-KUL
SHADOW STUDY
BALI WANTILAN
SHADOW STUDY
BALI BALE
Conceptual Framework
PHYSICAL SIMULATION MODEL (3D)
VIA KANGAROO3D & KARAMBA3D
PHYSICAL SIMULATION MODEL (3D)
VIA KANGAROO3D & KARAMBA3D
PHYSICAL SIMULATION MODEL (3D)
FINAL BAMBOO SIMULATION
PHYSICAL SIMULATION MODEL (3D)
Kangaroo3D
PHYSICAL SIMULATION MODEL (3D)
Karamba software calculates the total weight, cross-sectional area, and volume of bamboo used, streamlining material planning. By converting these metrics into the number of bamboo sticks needed, it facilitates seamless collaboration with factories, ensuring efficient preparation and delivery of construction materials.
Karamba3D
Gridshell Displacement
Structural Displacement
PHYSICAL SIMULATION MODEL (3D)
FINAL BAMBOO SIMULATION
01 This integration bridges the gap between a designer’s vision and practical implementation, ensuring the architectural design is not only aesthetically pleasing but also structurally viable and efficiently executable.
PHYSICAL SIMULATION MODEL (3D)
FROM 1D TO 3D
01 The result is a high-fidelity, implementable design that aligns with both creative aspirations and construction realities.
PHYSICAL SIMULATION MODEL (3D)
FROM 1D TO 3D
The integration of Karamba and Kangaroo software provides a dual advantage: a realistic preview of the construction sequence and precise digital control that bridges the gap between a designer’s vision and practical feasibility. This synergy ensures that the final architectural design is not only aesthetically pleasing but also structurally sound and implementable, achieving a high level of proficiency in both design intent and construction reality.
This dual approach facilitates meticulous planning and accurate forecasting of material requirements, streamlining the construction process. By accurately estimating the amount of bamboo needed, it minimizes waste and enhances efficiency. The digital simulation with Kangaroo further refines the structure’s integrity by testing under virtual loads, ensuring the design withstands real-world conditions.
Moreover, these advanced tools empower architects to experiment with innovative forms and complex geometries safely within a digital space. This leads to more creative and daring architectural solutions that are both beautiful and practical. By merging detailed material management with robust form-finding algorithms, the project advances towards a seamless integration of form, function, and sustainability.
L O TECH-HI
4D IMMERSIVE INSTRUCTIONS
AR 1:20 Model & Consturction Sequence Video ( YouTube)
AR Interaction
• Fologram
• Hololens
• Rhino Visualisation Model
• Sequencing Diagrams
• Project Management:
• Integration of augmented reality --AR, in architectural modeling
• Stage planning --bringing clarity to each construction phase
• Construction:
• Embeds best practices
• Enhancing accuracy and efficiency
4. Canopy Construction
5. Special Features and Roof Apertures
6. Grid Shell Formation
1. Sequence Preview
2. Foundations and Materials
3. Primary Structure and Roof Perimeter
Head Thorax
Abdominal
Spatial Configuration
1:20 BALI BENJAR: BALE + KUL-KUL + WANTILAN
01 The progression from 1D to 4D modeling encapsulates a journey from simplistic stick modeling to intricate spatial configurations that embody all desired design criteria and experiential qualities. This natural evolution leverages initial lowdimensional prototypes to refine and pinpoint elements in space, ensuring that each component is optimally placed for functionality and aesthetic appeal.
Spatial Configuration
1:20 BALI BENJAR: BALE +
KUL-KUL
+ WANTILAN
01 By the final 3D model, every aspect from structural integrity to user interaction is thoughtfully integrated, reflecting a comprehensive and deliberate architectural vision.
02 A clear and compelling presentation that engages your audience with both the theoretical and practical aspects of integrating advanced technologies like AR in traditionally low-tech environments.
Tech-tonic: Rammed Earth Column Base Prefabrication
The design draws inspiration from the natural form and function of bamboo shoots. This project explores the underappreciated but structurally crucial bamboo root systems as a metaphor for foundational strength. The design incorporates rammed
Tech-tonic: Rammed Earth Column Base Prefabrication
PHYSICAL MODEL (4D)
1:20 PHYSICAL MODEL
PHYSICAL MODEL (4D)
1:20 BALI BENJAR: BALE + KUL-KUL + WANTILAN
concept where
traditional Balinese structures—Bale, Wantilan, and Kul-Kul—combine to form a new type of Benjar.
PHYSICAL MODEL (4D)
1:20 BALI BENJAR: BALE + KUL-KUL + WANTILAN
01 In the innovative architectural concept where three traditional Balinese structures—Bale,
and
to form a new type of
02 This design evolution from low to high dimensionality not only aligns with construction phases but also mirrors a sound architectural framework, ensuring each segmented design phase contributes to a cohesive, wellstructured final result.
Wantilan,
Kul-Kul—combine
Benjar.
PHYSICAL MODEL (4D)
1:20 BALI BENJAR: BALE
01 Pavilions and Bale:
The Bale (open pavilions) in Balinese compounds are used for social gatherings and community discussions, representing the social harmony aspect of Tri Hita Karana. Their open design invites airflow and interaction, embodying openness and community engagement.
PHYSICAL MODEL (4D)
1:20 BALI BENJAR: KUL-KUL
The Kul-Kul is not typically a space for accommodating people but rather a specific type of bell tower used in Balinese temples and villages to call the community for meetings or alert them about important events. However, the area around a Kul-Kul can gather small groups, typically the elders or community leaders, during announcements or ceremonial preparations.
PHYSICAL MODEL (4D)
01 Bali Wantilan - A pavilion used for art performances and community gatherings, typically found within the temple complex or in the village center.
02 Integration of Multiple Structures: Combining Different Functions: By incorporating elements from Bali Wantilan (performance space), Bali Bale (multi-purpose pavilion), and Bali Kul-Kul (bell tower) into the design, each space will interact. Ensuring there is a harmonious flow between the spaces, both physically and functionally.
PHYSICAL MODEL (4D)
PHYSICAL MODEL (4D)
The architectural design process has evolved from a one-dimensional understanding through to a three-dimensional execution, incorporating the traditional crafts, systematized practices, and established processes. Initially, the progression from conceptual 1D sketches to detailed 2D plans lays the groundwork for understanding the structural and aesthetic intent. Subsequently, these plans are transformed into comprehensive 3D models through advanced computer software, optimizing the structural elements to fit theoretical models and real-world applicability. However, transitioning from a 3D model to actual construction, particularly in rural contexts, presents significant challenges.
Contemporary construction techniques often struggle with instantiation due to limitations in local resources and the technical expertise required to interpret complex designs. This gap between digital perfection and practical execution leads to significant hurdles in the construction process, where traditional methods might fall short in accurately realizing sophisticated architectural designs.
AR plays a pivotal role in bridging this gap between digital models and physical construction. By overlaying 3D digital information directly onto a physical site, AR allows workers to visualize structural placements and adjustments in real time, effectively jumping from 3D designs to ‘4D’ implementation. Enabling on-site improvisation of structures without the constant need to refer back to detailed plans, thus trading off precision for buildability and speed. AR simplifies and ensures that the designs are adaptable and aligned with local capabilities, transforming theoretical models into tangible realities.
