Lecture: Bata City vs Thames Gateway Projects - Bata World

Conference held in the AA London (architecture association, school of architecture) on 21th of January 2011 under the topic “Bata vs Thames Gateway Projects” - an attempt to establish a comparison between a not that well known, urban experiment that took place mainly in the first half of the 20th century, with the contemporary urban discussion around London future gorwth, ongoing mainly in the 21st century.

The Bauhaus Kolleg XII this year dedicated to the research on the topic “Urban Footprints: the Bata satellite cities” developed this presentation as an attempt to try to give the audience a brief insight on the complexity of the “Bata World”.

Hoppefully, in the end, all presents will be in the possession of the basic information to reflect on this topic and discuss how the experiments (success and failures) of the past might help us find better solutions for the future.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

Bata Shoe Company was born in 1894 in Czech Republic by the hand of 3 brothers Antonín, Anna and Tomas.

They originated from Zlín, located in the centre of Czech Republic, a region known for it’s cobbling. The Bata family itself had a long tradition in the art and by establishing a well-organized shoe company, the brothers believed be able to compete with the other craftsmen in that area mainly owning small scale family businesses.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded:1894 / nationalized: 1945

1

1

the birth of an empire

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3

4

1

2

3

4

1894-1929

1

Baťa’s City, Country founded closed

1

Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, later Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic 1894 - 1945

1

Tomáš Baťa (April 3, 1876 Zlín – July 12, 1932 Otrokovice, Czechoslovakia) Head of the Company: 1897 - 1932

So they went to their father (second time married) and reclaim their mother’s inheritance as well as the fathers in advanced. This episode represents quite well one of the main characteristics of Bata – pro-activity.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

04 Torso of a block of houses between the Peace Square and Tomás Bata Avenue, Zlín, 1934, with inscriptions: “WE´RE BUILDING GREATER ZLÍN” | WE´RE TEARING DOWN THE LAST CENTURY | WE´RE CARRYING OUT THE ZOONING PLAN

After 50 years, Bata was the main shoe manufacturer in the world, represented in almost every continent...

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

Baťov (Velký Dvůr), Sezimovo Ústí, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1939 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: late 1990s Baťov (Zruč nad Sázavou), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945 Třebíč (Borovina), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1933 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: 2000 Baťov (today Bahňák, part of Otrokovice), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Napajedla, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1935 / nationalized: 1945 Nové Zámky, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Batizovce (today Svit), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1934 / nationalized: 1945

Chełmek, Poland founded: 1931

Liptovský sv. Mikuláš, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945

Ottmuth, Germany (today Otmęt, Poland) founded: 1931

Baťovany (today Partizánske), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945

Batadorp, Best, Netherlands founded: 1933

Bošany, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Martfü, Hungary founded: 1941 Borovo (today Borovo Naselje, part of Vukovar), Jugoslavia, today Croatia founded: 1931

Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded:1894 / nationalized: 1945 Maryport, Cumbria, United Kingdom founded: 19??

East Tilbury, Essex, United Kingdom founded: 1933 Möhlin, Switzerland founded: 1929-32

Konagar, Beirut, Syria, (today Lebanon) founded: 1933-34

Bataville, Hellocourt , Moussey, France founded: 1932 Bataville, Vernon, France founded: 1932 Neuvic, Dordogne, France founded: 1939

Batawa, Ontario, Canada founded: 1939 Belcamp, Maryland, USA founded: 1936-38

Baghdad, Iraq founded: 1934 El Mansheyra, Alexandria, Egypt founded: 1927-30 Batapur, Pakistan founded: 1942 Lahore, India, (today Pkistan) founded: 1939

Casablanca, Morocco founded: 1939 Konnagar, Hooghly, West Bengal, India founded: 1931 >> removed to Batanagar in 1936

Port-au-Prince, Haiti founded: 1940

Bataganj, Digha near Patna, Bihar, India founded: 1931

??, Guatemala founded: 1940

Batanagar, West Bengal, India founded: 1934 Bangalore, Karnataka, India founded: 1931 ??, Philippines founded: 1940 Klang, Malaysia founded: 1935 Batavia - Kalibata on Java Island (today Subdistrict of South Jakarta), Indonesia founded: 1938

Dakar, Senegal founded: 1940

Hai Phong, Vietnam founded: 1940 Limuru, Nairobi, Kenya founded: 1939 Chosica, Peru founded: 19??

Singapore founded: 1937

Kinshasa – Gombe, Congo founded: 1940

Lima, Peru founded: 1939 Quillacollo, Bolivia founded: 1940

Peñaflor

Gwelo (later Modrat, today Gweru) Zimbabwe (today Rhodesia) founded: 1937

Pinetown, South Africa founded: 19??

Batatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941

(Santiago de Chile), Chile founded: 1939

Mariapolis, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941 Bataguassu, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942 Batayporã, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942

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2

the bloom

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4

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2

3

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1930-1945

~55

Baťa’s Cities, Country founded closed

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Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, later Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic 1894 - 1945

1945 - London, UK 1964 - Toronto, Canada 2002 - Lausanne, Switzerland

1

Tomáš Baťa (April 3, 1876 Zlín – July 12, 1932 Otrokovice, Czechoslovakia) Head of the Company: 1897 - 1932

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Tomáš Jan Baťa (September 17, 1914 Praha – September 1, 2008 Toronto, Canada) Head of the Company: 1946 - 1984

Jan Antonín Baťa (March 7, 1898 Uherské Hradiště – August 23, 1965 Brasil) Head of the Company: 1932 - 1945

...and one of the first actors of what we call today Globalization, exporting the Bata way of life to everywhere it went. Production, planning, commnication, social rules.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

birth/death NEW FACTORY

Třebíč Czech Repbulic

NEW BUSINESS

Batadorp Netherlands

1933

NEW INNOVATION CENTER

Tomáš Baťa

NEW FACILITY

Batawa Canada

1933 East Tilbury England

NEW INTERNAL PUBLICATION NEW STORE

1939

Jan Antonín Baťa INNOVATION CENTER

NEW MEGA-STORE

1933

Tomáš Jan Baťa Jr. MUSEUM

Bataganj India Bošany Slovakia Baťov Czech Republic 1931

Konnagar India

Borovo Croatia

Zlín Czech Republic 1894

Lima Peru

Klang Malaysia

Ottmuth Germany

1931

Limuru Kenya

Napajedla Czech Republic

Peenya India

Nové Zámky Czech Republic

1931

1935

Möhlin Switzerland

Cassablanca Morocco

Martfü Hungary

1939 Anaurilândia Brazil

Neuvic France

Lusaka (Longolongo Road) Republic of Zambia

Peñaflor Chile

Beirut Lebanon

1929

1941

Lahore India

Chelmek Poland

NEW HEADQUARTERS

Mariapolis Brazil

Baťov Czech Republic

1963

1939

Třebíč Czech Republic

Gwelo Zimbabwe

Batatuba Brazil

Mornington Australia

Lusaka (Mukwa Road) Republic of Zambia

Maraka Pakistan

Batashatak India

1933

1937

1941

1961

1967

1984

1992

the disconnection 1939-1945 the bloom 1929-1939

the birth of an empire 1870-1929

1932 Bataville, Vernon France

the expansion 1964-1990

the resurrection 1945-1964

1932

1938

1942

1952

1958

1962

Bataville, Hellocourt France 1930

Batavia Indonesia

Bataguassu Brazil

Faridabad India

Sandak Mexico

Dhamrai Bangladesh

1934

Baťov Czech Republic

Batapur Pakistan

Mokamehghat Hathidah India

Baghdad Iraq

Baťovany Slovakia

El Mansheya Egypt

Tongi Bangladesh

1960

Liptovsky sv. Mikulas Svit Slovakia Slovakia

1934

the adaption 1990-2015

Batanagar India

1942

1940’s

Batapur Pakistan

Maryport England

1940

Chosica Peru 1960’s Kerkrade Netherlands Nederweert Netherlands

Gombe Democratic Republic of the Congo Dakar Senegal Haiphong Vietnam Port au Prince Haiti 1936 Belcamp U.S.A

1923

Quillacollo Bolivia

1889 Tomáš Baťa's half-brother Jan Antonín Baťa is born on March 7

1942 Bataguassu Brazil

1924

1939 Shortly before the invasion, Tomáš Baťa Jr goes into exile, settling in Canada. In the summer, Jan A. Baťa emigrates to the United States.

1903 The brothers Tomáš and Antonín Baťa, co-owners of the family firm, take part in a meeting at which the Zlín organizationof the Social Democrat trade unions is founded.

1942 Batayporã Brazil

1923 On September 1923,Tomáš Baťa becomes mayor of Zlín, holding office until 1932.

Thomas J. Bata, the founders son, together with over 100 families from Czechoslovakia moved to Canada The Canadian and Brazilian branches of the family becomes more distant from one another during the war.

1945 Communist government expropriates Jan Bata's property in Czechoslovakia

1947 Under the influence of Communist agitation against capitalism and the Baťa system, a politically-influenced trial is held in Prague in spring 1947 in which Jan A. Baťa, now a Brazilian citizen, is sentenced in absentia to prison and to the confiscation of his property.

Jan A. Baťa remains in Brazil until his death in 1965, becoming involved in agrarian colonization and the establishment of towns (Batatuba, Batayporã and others). In a series of family court disputes (1947-62), Jan A. Baťa’s claims do not prevail, thereby consolidating Tomáš Baťa Jr’s position as head of the Baťa organization in the West.

1989 Tomáš Baťa Jr visits Zlín on 16 December, during the Velvet Revolution led by Václav Havel, which brings about the end of the Communist regime.

It is the first time Baťa has returned to his native country since going into exile fifty years before 1965 Jan Antonín Baťa dies on August 23

Thomas J. Baťa invests in the state owned Svit which goes bankrupt in 2000 due to incompetence in the free market

2007 Thomas J. Bata received the FIRST Award for Responsible Capitalism, the life time Achievement Meda Tomáš Baťa Jr manages to get the unjust verdict concerning Jan A. Baťa political sentencing in 1947 invalidated in 2007

Until the break of II world War the company was based in Zlín, which became the testing ground for Bata´s vision,

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

07 ZlĂ­n - Plan View, 1918

private archive of Jitka Ressova

especially after Tomas Bata was elected Mayor of the city from 1923 to 1932.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

08 ZlĂ­n - Plan View, 1931

private archive of Jitka Ressova

The population of the town grows drastically due to Bata factory allowing the Bata image to gain consistency.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

09 ZlĂ­n - Plan View, 1944

private archive of Jitka Ressova

In 1931, in order to survive the Great Depression, the company establishes factories abroad, together with housing estates for employees in the style of ZlĂ­n architecture creating a coherent image recognisable as Bata.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

10 ZlĂ­n - Plan View, 2001

private archive of Jitka Ressova

After the II World War, all the business enterprises of the Bata Company in Czechoslovakia are nationalized. This means the end of Bata Company in ZlĂ­n. Bata development Limited is established, with head offices in London. The subsidiary companies in each country start gaining growing independence and Bata image begins to lose its strength.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

Baťov (Velký Dvůr), Sezimovo Ústí, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1939 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: late 1990s Baťov (Zruč nad Sázavou), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945 Třebíč (Borovina), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1933 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: 2000 Baťov (today Bahňák, part of Otrokovice), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Napajedla, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1935 / nationalized: 1945 Nové Zámky, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Batizovce (today Svit), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1934 / nationalized: 1945

Chełmek, Poland founded: 1931

Liptovský sv. Mikuláš, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945

Ottmuth, Germany (today Otmęt, Poland) founded: 1931

Baťovany (today Partizánske), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945

Batadorp, Best, Netherlands founded: 1933

Bošany, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Martfü, Hungary founded: 1941 Borovo (today Borovo Naselje, part of Vukovar), Jugoslavia, today Croatia founded: 1931

Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded:1894 / nationalized: 1945 Maryport, Cumbria, United Kingdom founded: 19??

East Tilbury, Essex, United Kingdom founded: 1933 Möhlin, Switzerland founded: 1929-32 Batawa, Ontario, Canada founded: 1939 Belcamp, Maryland, USA founded: 1936-38

Konagar, Beirut, Syria, (today Lebanon) founded: 1933-34

Bataville, Hellocourt , Moussey, France founded: 1932 Bataville, Vernon, France founded: 1932 Neuvic, Dordogne, France founded: 1939

Baghdad, Iraq founded: 1934 El Mansheyra, Alexandria, Egypt founded: 1927-30 Batapur, Pakistan founded: 1942 Lahore, India, (today Pkistan) founded: 1939

Casablanca, Morocco founded: 1939

Sandak, Coyoacán, Mexico founded: 1958

Dhamrai & Tongi, Bangladesh founded: 1962 Konnagar, Hooghly, West Bengal, India founded: 1931 >> removed to Batanagar in 1936

Port-au-Prince, Haiti founded: 1940

Bataganj, Digha near Patna, Bihar, India founded: 1931

??, Guatemala founded: 1940

Dakar, Senegal founded: 1940

Batanagar, West Bengal, India founded: 1934 Bangalore, Karnataka, India founded: 1931 ??, Philippines founded: 1940 Klang, Malaysia founded: 1935 Batavia - Kalibata on Java Island (today Subdistrict of South Jakarta), Indonesia founded: 1938

Faridabad, India founded: 1952 Hai Phong, Vietnam founded: 1940 Limuru, Nairobi, Kenya founded: 1939

Chosica, Peru founded: 19??

Singapore founded: 1937

Kinshasa – Gombe, Congo founded: 1940

Lima, Peru founded: 1939

Lusaka, Zambia founded: 1963

Quillacollo, Bolivia founded: 1940

Gwelo (later Modrat, today Gweru) Zimbabwe (today Rhodesia) founded: 1937

Maipú, (Santiago de Chile), Chile founded: 1960s Peñaflor

Pinetown, South Africa founded: 19??

Batatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941

(Santiago de Chile), Chile founded: 1939

Mariapolis, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941 Bataguassu, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942

Mornington, Victoria, Australia founded: 1961

Batayporã, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942 Anaurilândia, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1963

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3

disconnec/resurrect

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3

4

1

2

3

4

1946-1964

~7

new/Europe

0

Baťa’s Cities, Country founded closed

2

London, UK 1945 - 1963

1945 - London, UK 1964 - Toronto, Canada 2002 - Lausanne, Switzerland

3

Tomáš Jan Baťa (September 17, 1914 Praha – September 1, 2008 Toronto, Canada) Head of the Company: 1946 - 1984

Tomáš Jan Baťa (September 17, 1914 Praha – September 1, 2008 Toronto, Canada) Head of the Company: 1946 - 1984

So what does Bata World mean?

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

THERE ARE 86,400 SECONDS IN A DAY message on the wall of the first factory in Zlín, 1905

BATA SYSTEM

Tomas Bata was a man ahead of its time, focused on the future, passionate about the potentialities of industry, of the modern world. His company represents his vision of this new world and he wanted his workers to be a part of it.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

12 ZlĂ­n - aerial view

private archive of Pavel Novak

Obviously these conceptions brought and still do as much appraisal as criticism.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

13 ZlĂ­n - aerial view with indication of main buildings

Conversion of abandoned industrial premisses in the town of ZlĂ­n - International Workshop 20-28th October 2001, private archive of Pavel Novak

The Bata System aimed mainly at the optimization and rationalization of production processes as a means of ensuring profit. It was a centralized vertical system of control aimed at the entire production since the processing of raw materials to selling the finished product

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

14 A view of Batanagar workshops

The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, ZlĂ­n archive

covering not only the production of shoes, but also social welfare, architecture, urban planning, communication and social behaviour.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

15 A view of Batanagar assmebly lines Batanagar Photo Book, ZlĂ­n archive

The optimization was ensured thru the application of many fordistic concepts and advanced European and American production processes as the assembly line and the constant development of state of the art machinery mixed with the Czech culture of entrepreneurism.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

16 A view of Batanagar assmebly lines Batanagar Photo Book, ZlĂ­n archive

The optimization was ensured thru the application of many fordistic concepts and advanced European and American production processes as the assembly line and the constant development of state of the art machinery mixed with the Czech culture of entrepreneurism.

Bata meant not the production of shoes but a way of life.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

system AT PEAK

hosiery facoty

boiler house descentralization loss

textile factory

profit

leather factory

shared profits electrical sub-station

shoe-lace fctory chemical factory

ZLÍN

BATA Headquarters BATA exports/outputs BATA branding BATA imports/inputs BATA social system SOURCES Jenkins, Eric J., 1999: “Utopia Inc., Czech culture and bata shoe company architecture and garden cities” | Cohen, Jean-Louis: “Zlín. An industrial republic” | Nerdinger, Winfried: “Zlin: MODERN SOCIAL Lacquered - ARCHITECTURE AND LIFE IN THE SAME STEP” | Kligan, Katrin; Gust, Kerstin: “A utopia of modernity: Zlin – revisiting Bata’s functional city” | Smith, Joanna: “East Tilbury, Essex - Historic Area Appraisal” | Smith, Joanna: “Work collectivelly and live individually: The Bata housing estate at East Tilbury”

However the conditions offered to Bata workers had always the same goal – to ensure the maximum production with less loss - all aspects of the Bata life had to be profitable, that way the system was sustainable by itself.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

18 The Bata System

East Tilbury Handbook - Britsh Bata Shoe Company Limited - East Tilbury, Eassex, 1933

The entire company was divided into subsidiary companies located in each country and each of those into several independent units – production facilities, leisure, sport, education, commercial, administrative, housing, planning, communication, etc.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

19 Employees of two standard Batanagar Workshops producing shoes

The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, ZlĂ­n archive

Each of his main units where again subdivided into small ones – in case of production: independent workshops; in case of communal facilities – the cinema, the shops, the school.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

20 The First Conference of Bata Shop Managers from all over India which was held in Luknow on March 7th and 8th, 1934

The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, ZlĂ­n archive

A central management department determined the economic goals for each independent unit who had to be profitable with the risk of being closed. The departments had to be profitable with the risk of cutting in workers salaries.

Each department had its own research and development teams to ensure state of the art machinery, production techniques, technology and design.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

21 Workers Acces Control - Tomas Bata messages are everywhere

Cestovni Zprávny Tilbury Hellocourt 1936, Volcík Josef, Zlín archive

Bata workers were chosen early, recruited from surrounding, mainly rural areas, trained in Bata schools,

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

22 East Tilbury - Bata swiming pool | Community House | Young men of the Hostel East Tilbury Handbook - Britsh Bata Shoe Company Limited - East Tilbury, Eassex, 1933

enjoying breaks in Bata facilities, eventually getting married with Bata women, spending vacations paid by and in Bata chosen destinations‌

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

23 Pictures from the procession at the Bata Annual Athletic Sports | At the sports ground. Usually 300 athletes compete in about 20 athletic events The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, ZlĂ­n archive

The workers were motivated thru several processes specially aimed at “healthy competition” like autonomous workshops and by the offering of a complete “life style” package,

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

24 Batanagar News: Prize of five thousand Rupees for the winner of the Contest for “Invention and Replacement od the RUbber Shoe Sole” The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, Zlín archive

which ensured an idea of being a part of the future.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

25 Working at Bata

The Decade First of Batanagar, Jan Baros, 1945, ZlĂ­n archive

The production system included research and development teams for developing machinery, productions techniques, and new materials and designs that where then tested in the production facilities. Bata tend to control the entire production having all the main production facilities in the same place, even when, the products had to be imported (like rubber) most likely, Bata own the rubber plantation.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

system AT PEAK

autonomous workshops: independent production units 150 workers=2000 pairs of shoes/day determined time/cost production plan equal training equal motivation share profits and losses cooperative organization

hosiery facoty

boiler house

research & developement new materials

descentralization

production methods, technologic development for plastics products

loss

research & developement

profit

new materials

textile factory

leather factory

production methods technologic developments

plastics department

specialization on small nº of shoe models

research & developement new machinery

shared profits

rationalization

electrical sub-station

shoe-lace fctory

footwear department

mass production business philosophy:

standardization

each working unit had a production plan that yield and thus determined the specific profit.

engineer department

chemical factory

each unit had: all the operation costs to support itself responsible for the fulfillment of goals

design department developement

sales department

creative products functionality economy simplicity driven aethetic

research market behaviour clients needs competitors operations and results

ZLÍN

BATA Headquarters BATA exports/outputs BATA branding BATA imports/inputs BATA social system SOURCES Jenkins, Eric J., 1999: “Utopia Inc., Czech culture and bata shoe company architecture and garden cities” | Cohen, Jean-Louis: “Zlín. An industrial republic” | Nerdinger, Winfried: “Zlin: MODERN SOCIAL Lacquered - ARCHITECTURE AND LIFE IN THE SAME STEP” | Kligan, Katrin; Gust, Kerstin: “A utopia of modernity: Zlin – revisiting Bata’s functional city” | Smith, Joanna: “East Tilbury, Essex - Historic Area Appraisal” | Smith, Joanna: “Work collectivelly and live individually: The Bata housing estate at East Tilbury”

The factories had to have excellent access conditions – truck, train, boat, airplane – rarely the 4 means of transport where present at the same place, but 3 of them was likely to happen to allow quick respond to different transportation needs: import/ export goods, export of final product for distribution to Bata Stores, transportation of people.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

N Batadrop , Best, Netherlands

Borovina,Trebic, Czecch Republic Maryport, England Batawa,Ontario, Canada

East Tilbury, England

Batacity, Zlin, Czech Republic Bat’ov,Sezimovo Usti, Czech Republic

?

Belcamp,Maryland, USA

W

Bat’ov,Zruc nad Sazavou, Czech republic

Bat’ov,Otrokovice, Czech Republic

Borovo,Croatia

Bosany,Slovekia

?

Beirut,Lebanon Chosica, Lemu, Peru

Bataypora , Brazil

Anaurilandia,Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

? ?

Bataguassu,Brazil

Svit,Slovekia

?

??

Baghdad,Iraq

EI Mansheya,Alexandria, Egypt

Batapur,Lahor.

Pakistan

?

Dhaka,Bangladesh

Lemoru,Kenya

Maipo,Chile Batanagar,Kolkata, India

Gwelo, Zimbabwe Mariapolis ,Brazil

Batatuba,Sao Paulo, Brazil

S

?

Pinetown,Southafrica

?

Batavia, Indonesia

E

Bata way to spread is vision was thru communication means. His use of media is remarkable.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

system AT PEAK

autonomous workshops: independent production units 150 workers=2000 pairs of shoes/day determined time/cost production plan equal training equal motivation share profits and losses cooperative organization

hosiery facoty

boiler house

research & developement new materials

descentralization

production methods, technologic development for plastics products

loss

research & developement

profit

new materials

textile factory

leather factory

production methods technologic developments

plastics department

specialization on small nº research & developement

of shoe models

new machinery

shared profits

rationalization

electrical sub-station

shoe-lace fctory

mass production

footwear department

business philosophy:

standardization

each working unit had a production plan that yield and thus determined the specific profit.

engineer department

chemical factory

each unit had: all the operation costs to support itself responsible for the fulfillment of goals

design department developement

sales department

creative products functionality economy simplicity driven aethetic

research market behaviour clients needs competitors operations and results

propaganda department

film studio

ZLÍN social programm office

BATA Headquarters BATA exports/outputs BATA branding BATA imports/inputs BATA social system SOURCES Jenkins, Eric J., 1999: “Utopia Inc., Czech culture and bata shoe company architecture and garden cities” | Cohen, Jean-Louis: “Zlín. An industrial republic” | Nerdinger, Winfried: “Zlin: MODERN SOCIAL Lacquered - ARCHITECTURE AND LIFE IN THE SAME STEP” | Kligan, Katrin; Gust, Kerstin: “A utopia of modernity: Zlin – revisiting Bata’s functional city” | Smith, Joanna: “East Tilbury, Essex - Historic Area Appraisal” | Smith, Joanna: “Work collectivelly and live individually: The Bata housing estate at East Tilbury”

Internally, the famous messages in the walls of production facilities reminded workers to not waist any time, the music coming out of the speakers didn’t let anyone forget it was time to work,

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

PEOPLE THINK, MACHINES TOIL

Wall of the rubber unit, 1908

LET US NOT BE AFFRAID OF THE FUTURE HALF OF THE PEOPLE IN THE WORLD ARE WALKING BAREFOOT AND BARELY 5% OF MAKIND IS WELL SHOED A WISE MAN DOES AT THE BEGINNING WHAT A FOOL MUST DO AT THE END

A IS FOR AMBITION BY WHICH WE ARE FIRED B IS FOR BATA FOR WHICH WE ARE INSPIRED

BATA abc printed by Bata Records

the Bata newspaper talk about Batas achievements, goals for the future, happenings in he city;

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

30 Bata Record - House of Journal of Bata Shoe Co. Ltd, East Tilbury, Essex, Friday, June 1934 East Tilbury Newspaper, ZlĂ­n archive

the radio advertisements arouse the need for shopping and distributed vouchers for Bata housewife’s. The Bata TV entertained families during dinner and night;

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

31 Workers from Bata hosiery plant in front of a radio speaker during a break from 9 to 9:10, from the Zlín friday newspaper, 11th October, 1940 A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis

the cinema and theatre exalted the Bata way of Life – a 24h Bata that would brainwash the most resilient brain.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

32 Cinema advertisement Bata Reminiscence Centre

To the world Bata represented the opportunity to enjoy accessible luxury. By starting to use leather only in the soles of the shoes and canvas for the rest, Bata was able to reduce prices drastically, allowing them to be affordable for the working class at rise around on the outskirts of mid 20th century.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

33 Bata advertisement: Bata - Elegance, Quality, Economy | Bata- Beautiful Premieres http://www.internationalposter.com/search-results.aspx?keywords=bata

Bata message was refine but accessible, beautiful but affordable and, above all, it surrounded the client with everything he might need, even if he didn’t.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

34 Bata advertisement: Bata - Swiss production | Bata- Visit our pedicure salon http://www.internationalposter.com/search-results.aspx?keywords=bata

What we see today as a 20 year old novelty, as the concept stores were existing 90 years ago in Bata Stores – several floors, carefully decorated, exhibiting shoes and other, leather and rubber accessories as well as foot care services.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

35 Plans for the Olympic department store, Prague, 1926, by Jaromír Krecar | Bata department store, Wescelas Square, Prague, 1927-30, by F.L.Gahura A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis

The building and planning department were established in Zlín in the early 1920s as another step on the path for vertical control. It ensured the continuous research for the suitable physical way to represent Bata guidelines – optimization, rationalization, quality, and profit.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

system AT PEAK

autonomous workshops: independent production units 150 workers=2000 pairs of shoes/day determined time/cost production plan Bata departement stores

equal training equal motivation

service centers including

share profits and losses

selling area and complete footcare treatment like

cooperative organization

pedicure and massage. central location, mainly

hosiery facoty

in central Europe.

boiler house

research & developement new materials

descentralization

production methods, technologic development for plastics products

loss

research & developement

profit

new materials

textile factory

leather factory

production methods technologic developments

plastics department

specialization on small nº research & developement

of shoe models

new machinery

shared profits

rationalization

electrical sub-station

shoe-lace fctory

mass production

footwear department

business philosophy:

standardization

cental service department

engineer department

chemical factory

each working unit had a production plan that yield and thus determined the

logistics department

specific profit. each unit had: all the operation costs to support itself responsible for the fulfillment of goals

design department developement functionality economy

research

simplicity

market behaviour

driven aethetic

research & development BATA headquarters were located in Zlín the model

sales department

creative products

research & development construction economy

city which served as living

blue-prints

test facility to all other satelite cities.

clients needs

The city was composed of 250

competitors operations

independent units including manufacturing facilities,

and results

losscalculating system material specification

engineering department

housing, leisure, edicational, sport health, religious and commercial facilities, social services, communication, branding that

propaganda department

film studio

machinery

construction department

had to be independently profitable.

ZLÍN social programm office

architecture department

design standartization geometric grid straight lines large openings uniformity relation landscape

planning department

design garden city like low density houses heavy landscape settings manufacture separated from residential city core street pattern=avoid monotony

education strong emphasis placed: work ‘serving the community’ Bata pedagogical principles education of the ‘new man’

BATA sataleites city_export z

recruitement process: local workforce tested for their mental and physical abilities selected through rigorous training in BATA facilities

BATA sataleites city_export material specification formwork manufacturingmachinery materials (if necessary) building town plans training of local workforce

BATA sataleites city_export local architectural adaptations

BATA Headquarters BATA exports/outputs BATA branding BATA imports/inputs BATA social system SOURCES Jenkins, Eric J., 1999: “Utopia Inc., Czech culture and bata shoe company architecture and garden cities” | Cohen, Jean-Louis: “Zlín. An industrial republic” | Nerdinger, Winfried: “Zlin: MODERN SOCIAL Lacquered - ARCHITECTURE AND LIFE IN THE SAME STEP” | Kligan, Katrin; Gust, Kerstin: “A utopia of modernity: Zlin – revisiting Bata’s functional city” | Smith, Joanna: “East Tilbury, Essex - Historic Area Appraisal” | Smith, Joanna: “Work collectivelly and live individually: The Bata housing estate at East Tilbury”

It started developing buildings according to the company’s necessities in Zlín but soon went on to planning the growth of the city

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

37 The Bata Administrative Building - Building nº21, Zlín, by V.Karfík, 1936-39

A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis

as well as developing entirely new construction systems that would characterize Bata Image.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

38 The Bata Skeleton - 6,15x6,15m concrete grid structure infilled with red brick and large glazing developed by F.L.Gahura and Arnost Sehnal Bauhaus Kolleg XII

The famous 6.15x6.15m grid of reinforced concrete or steel infill with glazing or brick was used for production and most communal buildings.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

ZLĂ?N

Building Typologies

Load Bearing Walls

Housing Units

Reinforce Skeleton

School

Admin.Building

Factory

Church

Community House

Cinema

Sport

Family House

Semi-Detached Houses

Collective Houses

Dept. Stores

The company never tried to follow the mainstream styles but rather to find its own

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

39 ZlĂ­n: aerial view Bauhaus Kolleg XII

a mix of concepts of the garden city,

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

40 ZlĂ­n: aerial view - Labour Square Bauhaus Kolleg XII

industrial city and modern movement

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

41 ZlĂ­n: aerial view - Labour Square Bauhaus Kolleg XII

that was to be flexible enough to allow adaptation

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

41 ZlĂ­n: aerial view Bauhaus Kolleg XII

to different parts of the world without losing its identity.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

42 ZlĂ­n: aerial view Bauhaus Kolleg XII

Soon the company was exporting its urban and social model to places

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

43 R.H.Pozemní, draft plan for an industrial city of 3000 people, tropical variant

A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis

as distant as the UK, India, Brazil, or Canada

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

44 Batov, Otrokovice, general development plan, by F.L.Gahura, 1930, plan view

A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis

becoming an pioneer in globalization.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

45 Mohlín, zoning plan of a factory and housing estate, by Antonín Vítek, 1937, plan view

A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis

In each new settlement a massive group composed of people, materials, machines and plans

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

46 Batovany, land-use plan, by J.Vozenílek, 1946

A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín - Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan, in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis

would be dislocated to ensure the compliance with the headquarters.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

47 Batanagar, plan view ZlĂ­n Digital Archive

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

BUILDINGS ARE BUT HEAPS OF BRICKS AND MORTAR, MACHINES ARE BUT PILES OF STEEL, ONLY MAN CAN GIVE THEM LIFE top of electrical plant powering some 20,000 machines

EAST TILBURY

In 1931 Bata company advertised for a 600 acre site by the Thames.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

48 East Tilbury, plan view ZlĂ­n Digital Archive

Eventually a site was chosen following the common BATA rules: good geology for easy construction, high unemployment in the area, a mile and a half frontage to the Thames, adjoined railway line, road access to east Tilbury docks. Despite the existing railway line connecting London and Southend since 1850 and the proximity to Tilbury, the area remained a modest settlement, which was considered a plus by the company, believed to prevent Trade Unionism.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

EAST TILBURY

General Zoning bata site, east tilbury production plants residential areas community spaces (bata) community spaces (council) non-bata residences

production units

residential

community blocks

The layout followed the same rules determined in ZlĂ­n by Frantisek Gahura in the mid 1920s always supervised by the headquarters planning and building department. However East Tilbury planning department developed most of the plans.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

EAST TILBURY

Production units periodic development 1933-68

factory building 1933-39 factory building 1948-51 factory building 1951-61 factory building 1966-68 community areas residential units

One of the main concepts was the work in progress – plans were never closed,

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

EAST TILBURY

Production units periodic development 1933-68

building nยบ12 single storey factory

factory building

gatehouse

factory building 1933-39 factory building 1948-51

factory building

factory building 1951-61 factory building 1966-68 community areas residential units boiler house

Trafalgar House

they were supposed to be revised along time allowing adaptations and even alteration according to the cities development.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

EAST TILBURY

Residential Area periodic development 1933-63

flat roof houses 1933-35

flat roof houses 1936-38

flat roof houses 1939-41

flat roof houses 1946-47

pitched houses 1953-55

pitched houses 1955-59

pitched houses 1961-63

production units

community buindings

The first proposal was a gigantic industrial centre unit comprising: • 40# factories; • Houses for workers; • Railway station + siding from the railway line to the works; • Riverside jetty; • Shops; • Aerodrome; • Swimming Baths; • Teathre; • Dance Halls; • Cinema

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

EAST TILBURY

Residential Area periodic development 1933-63

Housing-Thomas Bata Avenue

Housing-Queen Elizabeth Road

Housing-King George Avenue

Managers Houses flat roof houses 1933-35

flat roof houses 1936-38 Housing-Princess Margaret Avenue flat roof houses 1939-41

flat roof houses 1946-47

pitched houses 1953-55 Housing-Bata Avenue pitched houses 1955-59

pitched houses 1961-63

production units

community buindings

The plan was revised in 1935 and 1945 adapting itself to a more modest scale as well as the British taste and social reality.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

54 East Tilbury, aerial view 1934 - phase construction one Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive

The production plant was the first to be constructed as well as basic shelter for workers. After that came the workers houses

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

55 East Tilbury, aerial view 1938 - phase construction two Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive

and then the communal facilities. That doesn’t mean that one would only start building after the previous was completed, but rather that the priorities were PRODUCE, HOUSE, LESURE.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

56 East Tilbury, aerial view 1952 - phase construction three Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive

The best way to create a sustainable closed economic system is to serve basic human needs at once.

This way human feel comfortable and tend to remain faithful to the place. Bata Settlements tend to be located in slightly rural areas, with good access conditions and develop a sense of community.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

57 East Tilbury, aerial view 1960 Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive

By supplying the local recruited workers all their needs it created fidelity. By controlling all the production facilities, it created profit.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

A Bata City contained, production plant with all factories needed to produce a shoe, outside factories to supply raw materials;

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

houses for workers,

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

Bata shops selling shoes, grocery store selling products from Bata farm for workers to buy from, cinema and theatre for workers to enjoy their evenings and weekends; sport facilities for workers to spend their weekends and to participate in events, schools for children to study and be formed as Bata Young men and women – meaning that the money it was pay to the workers always returned to the company and that they barely had the necessity to leave the premises of the factory, being 24h on call.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

ONE SHOULD NEVER STOP THINKING About the program of the community house, East TIlbury, 1929

according to his orders, on the ground floor next to the restaurant there will be no cafe or wine bar, just a big hall with a table tennis, a bowling alley and a chess room

Bata World Today

Today Bata company still maintains its presence in the shoe market having to divide its previous leadership with many other competitors.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

Baťov (Velký Dvůr), Sezimovo Ústí, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1939 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: late 1990s Baťov (Zruč nad Sázavou), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945 Třebíč (Borovina), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1933 / nationalized: 1945 / closed: 2000 Baťov (today Bahňák, part of Otrokovice), Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Napajedla, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded: 1935 / nationalized: 1945 Nové Zámky, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Batizovce (today Svit), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1934 / nationalized: 1945

Chełmek, Poland founded: 1931

Liptovský sv. Mikuláš, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945

Ottmuth, Germany (today Otmęt, Poland) founded: 1931

Baťovany (today Partizánske), Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1938 / nationalized: 1945

Batadorp, Best, Netherlands founded: 1933

Bošany, Czechoslovakia, today Slovakia founded: 1931 / nationalized: 1945 Martfü, Hungary founded: 1941 Borovo (today Borovo Naselje, part of Vukovar), Jugoslavia, today Croatia founded: 1931

Zlín, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, today Czech Republic founded:1894 / nationalized: 1945 Maryport, Cumbria, United Kingdom founded: 19??

East Tilbury, Essex, United Kingdom founded: 1933 Möhlin, Switzerland founded: 1929-32

Konagar, Beirut, Syria, (today Lebanon) founded: 1933-34

Bataville, Hellocourt , Moussey, France founded: 1932 Bataville, Vernon, France founded: 1932 Neuvic, Dordogne, France founded: 1939

Batawa, Ontario, Canada founded: 1939 Belcamp, Maryland, USA founded: 1936-38

Baghdad, Iraq founded: 1934 El Mansheyra, Alexandria, Egypt founded: 1927-30 Batapur, Pakistan founded: 1942 Lahore, India, (today Pkistan) founded: 1939

Casablanca, Morocco founded: 1939

Sandak, Coyoacán, Mexico founded: 1958

Dhamrai & Tongi, Bangladesh founded: 1962 Konnagar, Hooghly, West Bengal, India founded: 1931 >> removed to Batanagar in 1936

Port-au-Prince, Haiti founded: 1940

Bataganj, Digha near Patna, Bihar, India founded: 1931

??, Guatemala founded: 1940

Dakar, Senegal founded: 1940

Batanagar, West Bengal, India founded: 1934 Bangalore, Karnataka, India founded: 1931 ??, Philippines founded: 1940 Klang, Malaysia founded: 1935 Batavia - Kalibata on Java Island (today Subdistrict of South Jakarta), Indonesia founded: 1938

Faridabad, India founded: 1952 Hai Phong, Vietnam founded: 1940 Limuru, Nairobi, Kenya founded: 1939

Chosica, Peru founded: 19??

Singapore founded: 1937

Kinshasa – Gombe, Congo founded: 1940

Lima, Peru founded: 1939

Lusaka, Zambia founded: 1963

Quillacollo, Bolivia founded: 1940

Gwelo (later Modrat, today Gweru) Zimbabwe (today Rhodesia) founded: 1937

Maipú, (Santiago de Chile), Chile founded: 1960s Peñaflor

Pinetown, South Africa founded: 19??

Batatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941

(Santiago de Chile), Chile founded: 1939

Mariapolis, Sao Paulo, Brazil founded: 1941 Bataguassu, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942

Mornington, Victoria, Australia founded: 1961

Batayporã, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1942 Anaurilândia, Mato Grosso du Sul, Brazil founded: 1963

1

4

the new expansion

~30

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1965-2010

in Asia: Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanca, Malaysia, Indonesia /

0

in China

Baťa’s Cities, Country founded closed

3

Toronto, Canada

1964 - 2002

1945 - London, UK 1964 - Toronto, Canada 2002 - Lausanne, Switzerland

4

Lausanne, Switzerland

2002 - today

4

Thomas George Baťa (* 1948) Head of the Company: 1984 - today

Tomáš Jan Baťa (September 17, 1914 Praha – September 1, 2008 Toronto, Canada) Head of the Company: 1946 - 1984

The production system is much closer to other companies in the market faithful to post-fordistic models, keeping the administration, research and development departments in the main economic centres and relying on production plants (rapidly decreasing) and subcontractors to produce the goods, located mainly in Asia and South America.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

system TODAY Bata Mega Store:

Bata Super Store:

Bata City Store:

area: 1500sqm

area: 300-500sqm

area: 110-150sqm

locatIion: inside city centers

locatIion: inside historic centers,

locatIion: inside historic centers,

and/or malls

malls and attractive streets of

malls and attractive streets of

Franchising

cities and municipalities with over

cities and municipalities with over

program:

100.00 town residents

100.00 town residents

- selling area (50%)

priority to capital cities

priority to capital cities

- stock room, office for

Franchising

Franchising

program:

program:

district mangers, meeting room for store managers

- selling area (90%)

(50%)

- stocking area (10%) Concept:

Shoe Innovation Center - Italy: Bata Premium Collection creates new collections for Bata house brands uses innovative technologies for P.Collection development of shoe prototypes functional product development center research on market trends in fashion industry strict attention to product standards strategic focal point for european and worlwide manufacturing process Bata factories: 33 production facilities over 22 countries production of: leather footware plastic canvas

Shoe Innovation Center - Netherlands: Industrial Footwear research center on industrial footwear development of prototypes production of industrial footwear research on new materials ans technology

Toronto

research on market developments and changes on working conditions

business philosophy: specialized in North American market supervision of SIC - Power Athletics (PAL)

Shoe Innovation Center - North America: Power Athletics Limited (PAL) development of athletic footwear development of prototypes analyse sales and latest reports research on competitors definition of target consumer definition of branding strategies selection of sourcing materials technical and managing support of sourcing chinese manufacturing facilities

Business Unit: specialized in emerging markets supervision of SIC China and Bata International Procurement Center

singapore

Shoe Innovation Center - Indonesia: Affordable high-value footwear for Tropical Climates

Lausanne

research on: technology production methods product design

Headquarters:

materials

General management of Bata Corporate

trend lifestyles

supervision of SIC Netherlands and

development of economicly oriented product

SIC Italy

creative services for manufacturing footwear

supervision of Bata International

creative services for marketing footwear

Bata outsourcing production: located specially in Asia, China directly supervised by BATA BU and SIC

Procurement Center

Bata branding: advertisements campaigns POP materials packaging product manuals Shoe Innovation Center - China:

lifestyle manuals

Sourcing from the Factory of the World

sales catalogues

control of various manufacturing sources in

shoe care projects

China

trends

development and creation of footwear for

preservation

“Factory of the World” Chima

others

BSO quality control and quality assurance standards and procedures services in all areas to the BSO companies buying or sourcing from China

Mexico?

Business Unit: specialized in South American market supervision of SIC Chile

Shoe Innovation Center - Chile: Volume, Technology, Trends and Shoeline concepts SIC for Latin America market center of ideas and product development

BATA World

creation of new collections for Bata brands focus on volume, technology, trends, and shoeline concepts worldwide graphic and product design

BATA exports/outputs

worldwide marketing strategies development

BATA branding BATA imports/inputs

SOURCES Jenkins, Eric J., 1999: “Utopia Inc., Czech culture and bata shoe company architecture and garden cities” | Cohen, Jean-Louis: “Zlín. An industrial republic” | www.bata.com

- stocking area(30%)

- family store

- boutique store

- assited and self-service

- full service

- visual merchandising focused on

- accurate visual merchandising

the customer

shoe innovation center Europe (SICE)

- selling area (70%) principles:

Despite that it is Bata cities were able original urban layout development after the

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

interesting to realize how to remain faithful to its on one hand continuing their company left,

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

Specializing in areas related to Bata times like Zlín – today a sustainable and stable city,

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

specialized in teaching mechanical engineering and rubber industry.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

Another characteristic is the development of a sense of community so enhanced by Tomas Bata. In East Tilbury, even after the closing of the company, former workers chose to remain in the area, founded the Bata Reminiscence Centre to perpetuate Bata memory.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

Despite the fact that the settlement still remains relatively isolated from the surrounding area it managed to survive due to former workers effort to remain in the place and preserve its community sense.

The former production plant is a new modest industrial park,

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

some few informal commercial activities are spread around the former communal area.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

Residents are very keen in maintaining their houses impeccable.

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

After being classified as conservation area, East Tilbury has not been frozen in time, its in decay still able to testify the order of past, but for how long. The question that remains is: can it be more than a urban relic?

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

I AM NO FRIEND OF WAITING Morning of July 12th 1932, seven minutes before his plane crashed

THANK YOU

IMAGE INDEX 1.BATA vs Thames Gateway – Bauhaus Kolleg XII 2.BATA logo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII 3.Bata World - The birth of an empire: 1894-1929 - Bauhaus Kolleg XII 4.Torso of a block of houses between the peace square and Tomas Bata Av. With the inscriptions “We´re Building Greater Zlín”, We´re Tearing Down the Last Century”, and We´re Carrying Out the Zoning Plan”, Zlín 1934 (76) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis.

5.Bata World - The bloom: 1930-1945 - Bauhaus Kolleg XII 6.Bata World – Bata Timeline - Bauhaus Kolleg XII 7.Map of Zlín 1918 – Private Archive of Jitka Ressova 8.Map of Zlín 1931 – Private Archive of Jitka Ressova 9.Map of Zlín 1944 – Private Archive of Jitka Ressova 10.Map of Zlín 2001 – Private Archive of Jitka Ressova 11.Bata World – Disconnect/Ressurect: 1946-1964 - Bauhaus Kolleg XII 12.Zlín: aerial view (1285) – Private Archive of Pavel Novak (head architect of the city of Zlín): Conversion of abandoned industrial premises in the town of Zlín – urban structure, International Workshop 20th – 28th October 2001, Brno University-Faculty of Architecture, Technische Universitat Wien-Institut fur Kunstgeschichte Denkmaplflege und Industriearcheologie; 13.Zlín: aerial view with notes (1214) – Private Archive of Pavel Novak (head architect of the city of Zlín): Conversion of abandoned industrial premises in the town of Zlín – urban structure, International Workshop 20th – 28th October 2001, Brno University-Faculty of Architecture, Technische Universitat Wien-Institut fur Kunstgeschichte Denkmaplflege und Industriearcheologie; 14.View of Batanagar assembly line (107) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward

by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 15.A view of Batanagar workshops (7198) -The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 16.Batanagar, assembly line (7684) – Photo Book Batanagar, Zlín Archive; 17.The Bata System: Management - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 18.The Bata System (8686) – East Tilbury Handbook – British Bata Shoe Company Limited – East Tilbury, Essex, Chairman: Brigadier – General E.L.Spears, M.P., Managing Director: Mr. Victor E. Schmidt, 1933; 19.Employees of two standard batanagar Workshops producing shoes (7203) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 20.The first conference of Bata shop managers from all over India which was held in Luknow on March 7th and 8th, 1934 (7146) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 21.Access Control (8716) – Cestovní Zprávny Tilbury Hellocourt 1936, Volcík Josef; 22.Daily life in East Tilbury - Bata swiming pool | Community House | Young men of the Hostel - East Tilbury Handbook – British Bata Shoe Company Limited – East Tilbury, Essex, Chairman: Brigadier – General E.L.Spears, M.P., Managing Director: Mr. Victor E. Schmidt, 1933; 23.Pictures from the procession at the Bata Annual Athletic Sports | At the sports ground.

Usually three hundred athletes compete in about twenty athletic events (7230) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 24.Batanagar News: Five Thousands Rupees prize to the winner of the contest for “Invention and Replacement of the rubber shoe sole” (7255) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 25.Working at Bata (7263) - The Decade first of Batanagar, Jan Baros, forward by M.L.Khaitan, 1945, published by The Club for the graduates of Bata School, Batanagar – Zlín Archive; 26.The Bata System: Production - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 27.Bata World – Bata Cities - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 28.The Bata System: Communication - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 29.Bata Messages…

30.East Tilbury Newspaper (9296) – Zlín Archive; 31.Workers from the Bata hosiery plant in front of a radio speaker during a break from 9 to

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

32.Cinema Advertising (dscn2452) – Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive; 33.Bata Advertisement: Bata-Elegance, Quality, Economy | Bata-Beautiful Premieres - http:// www.internationalposter.com; 34.Bata Advertisement: Bata-Swiss Production | Bata-visit our pedicure shop - http://www. internationalposter.com; 35.Plans for the Olymic department store, Pague, 1926, by Jaromír Krecar (78) | Bata department store, Wesceslas square, Prague, 1927-30, by F.L.Gahura (60) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 36.The Bata System: Planning - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 37.The Bata administrative building - Building nº21, Zlín, by V.Karfík, 1936-39 (64) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 38.The Bata System: Building Typologies- Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 39.Zlín aerial view – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 40.Zlín aerial view – Labour Square - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 41.Zlín aerial view – Labour Square - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 42.Zlín aerial view – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 43.Zlín aerial view – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 44.R.H.Pozemní, draft plan for an industrial city of 3000 people, tropical variant (118) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 45.Batov, Otrokovice, general development plan, by F.L.Gahura, 1930, plan view (120) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 46.Mohlin, zoning plan of a factory and housing estate, by Antonín Vítek, 1937, plan view (127) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 47.Batovany, lan-use plan, by J.Vozenílek, 1946 (125) - A Utopia of Modernity: Zlín-Revisiting Bata´s Functional City, Katrin Klingan in cooperation with Kerstin Gust, Jovis; 48.Batanagar, plan view (BATA XV 1114a) – Zlín digital archive; 49.East Tilbury, plan view (BATA XV 1108) - Zlín digital archive; 50.Bata World: Site Comparison - East Tilbury - general zooning - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 51.Bata World: Site Comparison - East Tilbury – production timeline - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 52.Bata World: Site Comparison - East Tilbury – production timeline with buildings - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 53.Bata World: Site Comparison - East Tilbury – Housing timeline - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 54.Bata World: Site Comparison - East Tilbury – Housing timeline with buildings - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 55.East Tilbury – aerial view 1934 - phase construction one – Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive; 56.East Tilbury – aerial view 1938 - phase construction two – Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive; 57.East Tilbury – aerial view 1952 - phase construction three – Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive; 58.East Tilbury – aerial view 1960 – Bata Reminiscence Centre Archive; 59.East Tilbury – production plant – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 60.East Tilbury – production plant – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 61.East Tilbury – Housing Bata Avenue – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 62.East Tilbury – Housing North of Coronation Avenue – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 63.East Tilbury – communal buildings – Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 64.Bata World – The New Expansion 1965-2010 - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 65.Bata System – Production System Today - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 66.Zlín photo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 67.Zlín photo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 68.Zlín photo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 69.Zlín photo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 70.Zlín photo - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 71.Bata Reminiscence Centre - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 72.Thames Industrial Park - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 73.East Tilbury informal commercial activity - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 74.East Tilbury houses conservation - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; 75.East Tilbury – Bata Logo on Water Tank - Bauhaus Kolleg XII; architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

BATA CITY vs THAMES GATEWAY PROJECTS january 21st 2011

architectural association AA school of architecture BAUAHUS KOLLEG XII urban footprints around the globe: BATA cities

work developed by Susana Soares Saraiva and Nadia Frolova for Bauhaus Kolleg XII