Issuu

no. ..9-

Volume 9, number 2

by Nancy Kempner Davis

-------------------------------------· . ---------

The National Libertarian Party is a new politicaJ party in an old tradition. Libertarians, sometimes called AnarchoCapitalists or Objectivists, believe that unobstructed free market capitalism will solve America' s ills. The party was fonned in J97 I and presently numbers approximately five thousand members. This year. for the fli'St time, they are running a Libertarian candidate for President. His name is Rogtt MacBride, and he expects to win at least a million votes. The s ize of Mr. MacBride's party does not worry him because anarchy is the purest form of Libertarianism, and Libertarians are not apt to join anything. Many libertarians do not consider Roger MacBride a Libertarian at all . They point out t hat he wants a salaried state job wh~n some Libertarians feel that all civil service should be voluntary. Libertarians disagree with each other as much as they disagree with the American government. They view America as both an Imperialist and a Welfare state. Most would be hard put to say which is worse. At the core of Libertarian philosophy is the concept that every individual has an absolute moral right to his own body . ..Self Ownership" means that no man or group may trespass upon another ' s personal freedom . To make this work, man's right to the ownership and disposition of any goods he earns, fmds, or creates must be inviolable . TbeoreticaJJy all property is private and may be exchanged at will . Fragmentation begins with the questions of implication and implementation. At the University of Chicago, weUknown Libertarian economists such as Milton Friedman and the late Henry Simon created an economic ideology of Libertarianism. Some ideas of ..The Chicago School" evoke controvttsy even within the party. They advocateamong other things-voluntary education, wh ich would involve closing the public school system because education is a personal, familial responsibility; dismantling the court system ahd s ubstitution of private arbitration com,__ ,_ panies; and legalization of the so-called " victimless" crimes. lbe Chicago School supports the Throw Welfare out with its siblings foUowing arguments in conjunction with Social Security, Public Housing, and most Libertarians: Redevelop1111!nt The protective government is 1be Abolish all Governnumt Regulatory intrusive government. Welfare, as it Agencies works today. discourages individual The consumer alone must protect effort. Friedman does say that if the himself, because the Government has no poor must have help, cut out the business intervening in his choice of program and just give them the money what to buy or how to live. Libertarians directly. He postulates a negative reason that a company which poUutes in income tax where everyone who earned great quantity will eventually drive its below a certain s um would receive a flat workers away . It will prefer to clean up s ubsidy. Republicans froth at the mouth rather than close down. when they hear this. . This policy includes severe limitation Public housing and Redevelopment or dissolutio n o f the Federal Reserve are a mess. Remember the Model C ities Board, which places artificial restricProgram fiasco in the 60's? Let tions o n the flo w of money, and thus someone tum a buc k reno vating the obstructs the free market. inner city. Personal economic incentive Libertarians object to more than the is the only thing that will keep it goals of the Regulatory Agencies. They n::novated. see them as hotbeds of bure&Jcratic Social Security forces people to take waste. Milton Friedman has said that out Government retirement insurance. In bureaucracy self-perpetuates endless} y, essence, the Govecnment forces its and that it is a parasite o n the American taxpayers to loan it money ar a public. non-competitively low interest rate. Jf

I'm runningTofPresident of the United States. People say only two things are

inevitabl~.

Death and taxes.

They're wrong. ___________________ ..______............_______,._______,._____________

•

people wish to plan ahead, private companies have shown they can give a better deal. Protect business from government intervention: No more Minimum Wage. Tarrif and Trade Quotas, Price Supports, or Licensing When will people learn that businesses will only hire whom they need? The whole economy is hurt when Businesses can't afford to increase production by hiring more people. Abolition of tarrifs means trade with anyone of any ideology who wants American products. Conservatives rage and Big Business is even less happy. Trade quotas functio n like polite Government contracts to protect Washington 's favorites. There go Fann Subsidies and Russian wheat deals. Now anyone who plans to earn a living must produce in free market competition . 1be idea is that the small fanne!" or individualist gets an economic c hance. The question of Licensing is not

November 11, 1975

popular. If you need a heart surgeon, his only medical qualification will be his reputation. Friedman argues that this is already ~ case since patients shop arm~nd for medical care anyway. Once more the Government interferes by limiting competition. Strict Non-lnterventkmists internationally An America which does not .. advise" other nations won't need to spend billions a year .on defense. Simplify our defense to a modem equivalent of the militia system; just enough nuclear warheads to discourage others from aggression. There are three questions which most Libertarians agree that the Chicag~ School has not solved. If the court system should be abolished, civil cases might well be tried, as many are now, in private arbitration companies whose decisions both parties agree to respect. What happens to criminal cases? A pub lic court, whether or not it used a privately owned, profit-making jail, is necessary, because any smart murderer would slcip town while his lawyers decide what private arbitration company to favor. Close the public schools, sell their buildings, and the universal right to social and economic mobility has been severely limited. In today's increasingly lee~ and special~ society, most management and professionals hold university diplomas. If your father did not make enough to send you through six years of elementary school, the chances are great that you will not make much more than he. Abolish victimless crime in the name of oersonal freedom and individual responsibility, and a shady area of indirect or inadvertant victimization appears. If man has the right to suicide and self-mutiliation, what happens when the breadwinner of a family chops off his hand so that he cannot work? May his family sue h im for breach of contract? Roger Mac~ride says he would avoid these problems by approaching them , ~ he would any other question of policy, with three points in mind. How can these changes be made with minimum political and economic disruption? Is this practicable in America today? Do these matters come under Presidential jurisdiction? Indeed, it is the very practicality of his ideology which rubs other Libertarians the wrong way. 1be AnarchoCapitalists who insist government should be run on a pt.aely voluntary basis feel that If Mr. MacBride retains a police fon:e, he ·interferes with their lives. The object of all this dissent is a s tocky, 46-year-old man with a round red face , round glasses, and an upturned nose-. Owner/Producer of the Little House on the Prairie tele;,ision series, he spends up to 75% of his time campaigning. This is not his first shot at public office, so he knows the political ropes weU enough to realize that the only way be can familiarize himself with the American public is through grass roots, day by day. door to door stumping, and massive mail solicitation. Roger MacBride attended Princeton and Harvard Law School. He published both dissertations and won a Fulbright (continued on page 5)

• The New Journal/November I I, 1975

page 2

lheNewJournal -------------cor.nnaent--------------------~ Volume nine, number two Mary Caroline Panzer Editor-in-Chief

Jonathan M. Winer Managing Editor Robert Leichty Executive Editor Marla Schay Desi~:ner

Ross Andelrnan Pamela Steele Photography Editors

Corby Seth Kummer Dennis Shasha Associate Editors

Elizabeth Perle Production editor

Staff: Susan Halpern, Jacob Epstein, Julia Preston, Bruce Murray, Ritchie, Rebecca McCormick, W. Wilder Knight, Aaron Betsky, Barbara Cohen, Sarai Ribicoff, Joshua Winer.

Contributing Editors: Ron Roel, Stuart Rohrer, Steven R. Weisman, Daniel Yergin, Dayid Sleeper

The New Journal is published by the New Journal at Yale, Inc., typesetting by the Yale Graduate Professional, printed at Chronicle Printing Co., North Haven, Cf. Distributed free to the Yale Community. for all others, subscription rate $10 per year. Copyright@by the New Journal at Yale, Inc., a non profit organization. Letters and unsolicited manuscripts welcome. 3432 Yale Station, New Haven Cf 06520. Phone: 436-0015 or 432-0305.

''Buddy, can you spare a dime?"

"Hey ... Everybody gather 'round. I wanna tell ya somethin'! No, not just you two. C'mon, everybody. Yeah ... That' s right. " I j ust wanna know if any of you nice folks could help Brother John out with some spare change." That's Brother John. He has been around for such a long time that giving him money has become a Yale tradition. Everyone has Brother John stories to tell. l've heard rumors that Brother John uses the money he makes to go to Florida every winter, that he's the leader of the bicycle theft ring of New Haven, and that he's offered to make change for a $ 10 bill in order to get a quarter. l saw Brother John and he asked for some change. I showed him that 1 had only a nickel. Brother John explained that he doesn't take nickels on principle-"lf you only have a nickel you better keep it yourself. I'm not that desperate." Then he asked if I had any spare bills. Before I knew what happened I had put a dollar in his hand. We sat down to do the interview right there in front cf Pierson by the light of the streetlamp. Q. What's you real name and where do you live? A . "My name is Kenneth Jones . I've Jived in a room at I 142 Chapel St. for 6 months.,. Brother John moves frequently because of " landlord hassles." He was born and raised in New Haven and says that he has never been out of the c ity in his life. He is 3 1 years old. Q. How long have you been asking students for money? A . "Oh ... many a year." Later on. he said he thought he'd been panhandl ing for five years. He's probably worked longer, though. One professor said she came to Yale 7 years ago and Brother John was going strong then . Q. Where do you panhandle? A. "Oh ... I go everywhere. Broadway is a good spot. But those colored guys who sell that Black Muslim paper and ask for donations take business away from me. " In the mornings Brother John sits near Berkeley College and CCL to catch students as they are walking to their classes. Later. he goes to the Chapel Square Mall area.

contents---------------------I The New Political Party's Candidate Nancy Kempner Davis Meet Roger Macbride, the conservative who wants to break all the rules 2 comment: dimes, socialists, photographers, audiences, music, nickles 3 Portfolio: Writers from Yale Poetry by Susan Harris, prose by Claire Pettengill

We the editors believe that much quality writing by Yale authors never appears in a Yale collection. The introduction of another /uerary publicaJion should help bring this matuial 10 light. Hence, Portfolho. We are accepting submissions for an expanded Thanksgiving 1ssue at 665 Berkley college. Leigh Haffre) Daniel Kinney 8 Any Woman Can Have an Abortion . But do we need to feel like bad girls if we do?

Rosemary Bray

With this issue The New Journal returns 10 i1s orginalformm ru a biweekl) maga:me. You will hear from us often and "e want to hear from you. Frequem appearance lends itself to a forum for discussion and commem. Send your literate. opinionated, uppity essa.•;s to Tile New Journal. 3432 Yale Station, New Ha\·en CT. Deadli~ for the next issue is November 20, 1975.

talking with them." Even if Brother John goes to New York for the rest of his life, he says he wants to return to be buried in the Grove Street cemetary. "I'll want Yalies to come to my grave and drop spare change on it." Rochelle Sharpe

Just what this country needsmore answers ''What this country needs is a good socialist youth movement" proclaimed posters announcing a conference to be held at Harvard University's Science Center sponsored by the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee. We were ready to learn about this country's socialist youth movement, but we found no one answering the description. Jumble and confusion dommated the scene of regtstration in the lobby. To register, one wrote one's name, address and degree of interest in socialism on a Evenings he sits in front of Pierson file card. We seemed to be the only College, because ''that's where the ones registering, although lots of people prettiest girls walk." stood nearby. Q. Who do you panhandle from? Once we had sorted out the fringe A. "Oh, everybody." He asks New elements in the lobby - the women Haven residents as well as Yalies but he peddling feminist newspapers, the "Free ..gets most money from Yalies." He the Prisoners of the Shah" table, and said that he asks boys more often than the people campaigning for Fred girls because he's afraid he might scare Harris--we found three main socialist the girls. "The old freshmen. you movements represented. know, the ones that come back every One, the Democratic Socialist Organyear give me more money than the new izing Committee (DSOC). sponsored the freshmen. The new freshmen don •t conference. This national organization know me yet." works "for full equality for all Q. How much money do you make Americans, a goal which can only be and what do you do with it? realized if the social structure and the A. Brother John chuckled. " I guess 1 economy are democratized along with make about $10 every couple of the political system." DSOC deals with hours. " Once he mentioned that he the existing American political system made $30 a day. Later on, though, he to change it, especially by campaigning showed me his wallet. He had collected in e lections for socialists or candidates $ 18 in 4 hours that evening. He said sympathetic to socialism. Members of DSOC who spoke at the conference that weeknights like this are usually included the organization 's chairman slow· On weekends he sees more Michael Harrington (author of The Yalies. He spends his money on food Other America and The Accidental and liquor. Century), and Dorris Bunte , MassachuQ. Where do you eat? setts' state representative from Boston . A. " I only eat one meal a day-at The DSOC invited the New American midnight." Each night, during the week Movement to represent itself at the Brother John has a salad and a slice of conference. Its newspaper explains, pizza at Mama's Pizza. He drinks about .. NAM exists to help organize a $25 worth of beer and liquor each day. a movemt!nt for democratic socialism in He celebrates the weekends by eating the United States. At this point in sausage and pepper subs at Broadway -history, the socialist movement is not Pizza and drinking at Rudy's. He said best served by individual acts of that sometimes he doesn't have enough revolutionary violence, but by the money to eat so he goes to bed on an quieter heroism of local organizing.· • empty stomach-only full of liquor that Members spoke from the NAM viewis. point at the workshops, and kept a Q. Do you have any other sources of registration table at the lobby. income? Last, but loudest, were members of A. "I get $25 a week from welfare the Sparticist Youth League, who for my rent. From unemployment, I get describes themselves as "the youth $98 every 2 weeks." Brother John has section of the Sparticist League, a held many odd jobs ever since he quit revolutionary organization which interschool in the tenth grade. Last year he venes in social struggles armed with a worked in a pillow factory for 9 workmg class program, based on the months. "I quit because the boss got on politics of Marx, Lenin, and Trotsky.·· my nerves " Brother John says that They seemed to have come as selfhe'd rather work than panhandle. He is appointed opposition to the other ashamed to ask people for money but soctaliM groups. It was not clear if they many jobs just · 'don"t pay enough had been invited to distribute their money " This September he got a job literature at the conference, but during as a utility man at Southern Connecticut the cour":>e of the workshops it became State College but it only lasted one da)' obvious that they practiced strategies of ··My finger got infected the first day infiltration and takeover of discussion and I forgnt to call in about it , .. he groups. explained . Brother John i~ now looking The clearest explanation we heard of for a job and as soon as he find' one t~e relations among the: three organizahe'Jl st0p panhandling. t10ns came trum a member of NAM, If Brother John can't find a JOb who said, "No lefust group likes to soon. he says he may move to Ne~ think there is another group farther to York. "But without me who would the left. But, if you thmk in terms of a make kids happy? I love all Yalies. I balance between immediate social issues thinlc thPv ~re all nice oeoole and I like (cominued on page 6)

•

The New Journal/November II, 1975

page 3

portfolio Pastoral As indistinguishable as the sky from the lake when the rain turns the ·landscape monotone am I from you and the fog from our private dreams emptying into the cool mirror of yesterday.

Learn the answers to .~ respect for self and others read "Book One"

Here, a pine branch breaks this dull abstraction •

and you reclaim your voice as your own and 1 mine, and we sit listening to the cacoons nestled in the knodes of the trees spinning their grey threads into tbe bright wings of a butterfly again.

Susan Harris

He would expect her to make love. It wasn't fair, the darkness like quicksand and she giving herself up to it without a struggle. With the trucks droning sleep songs as they moved inside outside her brain like bees. And the bed kissing her cheeks breasts stomach knees feet gently. He was coming now, the room widening to receive him breathless from the night.air. Quiet rustlings and clump clump shoes off then rockings as he knelt near her and moved back and forth and up and down to wake her. Then it was useless; her eyes blinked open and her mouth smiled at his shape in the dim greyness above her. And she pressed her face to the tau~ wa.-m stomach longing to sink through the soft. skin to nothing. Then arms around her shoulders, pressing her to his chest, his body hard and alive, hers amoeba-like, balanced between acquiescence to him or sleep. And he above waiting for her to feel him feel her body waken her mind to warm up speed up slowly then faster and faster. Until exhausted he too could -sleep. It wasn't fair. Her mind following his cobweb fingers down her back. Detaching her though~ from her body until dread and love moved her to hug him close and whisper her reluctance and

•J

exhaustion. Then he moved away not insisting, his ass and back greeting her with a hardness that knotted her stomach. And her eyes wide open now staring miserably. Thoughts marching in iron patterns. She moving, so she wouldn't touch him, because she felt no understanding or compassion in his posture, just fatalism, ·like a stone, he moving restlessly as he spoke of'her waning passion. It wasn't him he thought but her own confusion and childishness. His words burned her as she lay with gleaming eyes and fear and anger rising thick in her throat. Her hands then reaching out caressing his back, her mouth soft on his neck and shoulders. Pressing herself against him, trying to melt his rigidity, trying to hide. But he knew. And he tensed with surprise, her soothing words unavailing. Sitting up abruptly as if attacked, reaching to tum on the lamp near his head, he stared at her hard and pale in the sudden light. His face clean and hard against the twisting within, as she spoke, calmly. the words. The glare burned· her. She was sorry then and stunned, but she had wanted this to see the knowledge of her ·guilt and shame intensified in his eyes. Claire Pettengill

Nice, 76 Degrees, Clear Is what it will read in the Times tomorrow. This, the underside of the palm leaf where a shadow circumscribes the crowd along the road with certainty . It is all very important what we do here. It is all very clear. It is printed all over our shirts and our smiles, our sunglasses behind which the eye masquerades in optimal view of the distant world. There is no danger of engagement. The light reveals only itself, on the thousands of exposures today, as always, when the film is washed the plant in the garden will have already borne its fruit and the gargoyles will have a new family to entertain . It is just common knowledge. The terrazzo man pissing eternally into the pool where we watch ourselves laugh.

Susan Harris

So says Sam Aaron of New York'S Sherry-l.ehrMIYI, Inc.and otherS agree with him. Craig Oaibome long time food and beverage editor of the New York Times drinks La Vleflle Ferme as his daily wine. Terry Roberds on his WQXR wine Show singled It out as the best red wine 1o buy for everyday

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Hubbard

use.

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New Journal/November II , 1975

Death and Taxes (continu~d from

page

Scholarship His first job was with White & Chase, a large, co~ative New Y ark law ftnn. In 1960, Mr. MacBride moved to Halifax, Vermont , where he was elected to the State Legislature. During this period he ran in the Republican Gubnatorial Primary, but received only a quarter ot the vote. In 1972, a four-year resident of Charlottesville, Virginia, he was chosen Presidential Elector. At the convention he cast his ballot for John Hospers and Tonie Narhan, Libertarian candidates for President. This so infuriated the other Virginians that some of them will not speak to him today.

•

Anarchists and libertarians are optimists in the sense that they count on personal generosity to pad the free market system . Institutionalized charity in the fonn of Welfare, tax deductions, and government subsidies discourage individuals from public spirited donations . ..The nineteenth century was America's greatest time of charity, because the wealthy wanted to help. They weren't forced by their government, •• says Mr. MacBride. Some extreme Libertarians would like to see the government's costs paid only by donation. They point out that it would . quickly eliminate officious bureaucracy. .. We don't need a Post Office! The printe companies which delivered 2nd class· maiJ do it much quicker and more efficiently. So take it out of the Government's hands. We don' t need public highways! The way things are now, people who never drive pay taxes for whose who do. If you want to use a road, pay for it on the spot. And you can bet the roads will be kept up. Competition will see to that." 1be present staff of the National Libertarian headquarters in Washington numbers three. His own staff is not much larger. Roger MacBride compares himself to the fable of the tortoise and the hare. He says that he can't afford to run big, so he campaigns quietly over an extended period. There are representatives of the Libertarian party in about 45 states. He feels his campaign has already been injured by Capitol Hill... You know that ruling they made after Watergate about matching campaign donations? W eU, it only applies to the two major parties. That means we have to earn twice as much money as the Big Guns to have the same to spend . Roger M acBride's philosophical stance falls within the mainstream of the Chicago School though he is vehemently opposed to a negative income tax . ··That is still playing with people's lives. Taking money from the rich to specifically give to the poor is playing Robin Hood." Libertarians consider Robin Hood to be the greatest economic villain to hit the books since the Roman bread and circuses alternative to government. He favors instead a simple graduate income tax with absolutely no loopholes. "Sure this means that Howard Hug hes will pay 200 million dollars a year instead of two million, but even his net loss won't be that great. Without loopholes. there will no longer be an incentive for bad business. Hughes can stop pouring money down dty oil wells." Before Mr. MacBride can reduce taxes substantially he wants to pay the entire National Debt and gently remove most Federal bureaucracy . " But by the end of a four year term , we could have taxes. pretty damn low. One big factor, besides all that money we won' t have to

page5

pour into Farm Aid and Defense and Welfare, will be the elimination of the Federal Reserve Board. •• .. This country doesn't need a state bank. 1llat was Alexander Hamilton's idea. He realized that he wasn't going to get economic support for his new government unless he controlled the cash flow. Jackson saw what a mess that had made, and he abolished the State Bank when he got into office. Paid the national debt too. His term was economically a lot more sound than ours is. •• He fervently favors the legalization of marijuana, even though he believes that a University of California at Berkeley professor has conclusively demonstrate that the drug causes irrepairable br:ain damage. People's lives are their own, and the Government, once again, has no right to tell them what to do. Nor sliOuJd the Govenment try to warn people about marijuana's dangers. The F.D .A . is a regulatory agency whose function can be taken over by the press. If a newspaper wants to sell copies, it is in their interest to inform. ''Tile press has been a big help. Free advertising. They like independent thinkers. We make good copy." Nicolas von Hoffman, the Washington Post's resident maverick, calls Libertarians ' 'the only people worth voting for." Dan Rather has also given Mr. MacBride good coverage; much better, surprisingly. than Mr. MacBride has received at the hands of the old line conservatives. William Buckley's NatiotUJI Review consistantly ignores the Ubertarian party movement. Mr. MacBride contends it is because Buckley recognises that the Libertarian Party has aU the answer-s. ''1be Republican party is dead. It's a huge decaying elephant. By 1980, it will no longer be a political force . That•s when Libertarianism saeps in. This country was made for a two party system. We will be the second party. Wallace isn't a threat because he doesn't have an original platform. We' ve got the ideas. Every forty years or so, a new political philosophy or independent thinker comes on the scene. Jackson, Roosevelt, we're the next! " Nancy Kempner Davis is a sophomore in Trumbull College.

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L--- - - - - - -- - - --

be used and the lecture on birth control. This last is the most entertaining feature of the session, thanks to ..The Birth Control Cranky, '' a gadget similar to a player piano roll with pictures. The cranky and its accompanying narration by a staff member begins: ..There are all kinds of ways to show aff~on; some peoole hold hands, some people kiss, and some people make love. If you decide to make love, then you need to understand more about getting pregnant. " The cranky goes on to dispel myths about pregnancy and examines various methods of birth control. After the session, blood is taken and other laboratory tests are run. The . woman then gets a chance to speak with a counselor who answers any questions she might have. She then makes an appointment for the next day. When she arrives on the following day. the same woman who coonseled her is there to meet her. The staff member stays with her throughout the procedure and in the recovery room until she's ready to go home. Two weeks after the abortion , the woman comes in again for a follow-up examination. At that time, the patient is provided with a pr-eliminary supply of whatever birth control method she has decided to use. In the case of IUD's, they are inserted at this time. One of the women interviewed for this article said that the issue of abortion in New Haven was diiectJy related to the issue of health care in New Haven. Indeed, the issue of health care is being focussed on almost everywhere in the country. With this attention comes an increased willingness on the part of the Any Woman Can consumer to question existing programs (continued from page 8) and create new ones when the o ld ones hear an explanation of the abortion are found deficient. Despite varying proCedure. Then she must wait again for ideologies, women in New Haven are a physical and a session with a being given a choice, and that is a counselor. If she has decided to have hopeful sign. the abol.tion, she is asked to return in Rosemary Bray is a senior the afternoon for a ''birth control in Pierson College. lecture. " At this group session, women are helped to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods of birth control . After several hours, the abortion is performed. Aftt:-wards the patient waits in a "recovery room" for 30 minutes and then goes home. The clinic staff prefers that someone comes to meet the woman, husband, lover, parents or a friend. Women's Health Services is markedly different. 1be staff takes particular care to make women feel at ease, since many are young and apprehensive. There are plenty of magazines to read, and a pot of hot water surrounded by instant coffee, tea, cups, and cookies. One of the reasons for its relaxed atmosphere is that W .H.S . handles only 24 abortions per week, as opposed to at least double that number at Sterling. First, the woman is examined by a physician's associate. As soon as there are three or four women ready, they are gathered for a group information se:.sion that includes an explanation of the procedure. display of the instruments to

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page 6

(continued from page . al 2) and the u 1timate go of a fully state, DSOC 1socialized · ard · is on one end eanmg most tow munediate issues, and the Sparticists are on the other directing all their energy toward revolution, and NAM is in the middle., Naturally, each group believes they have achieved the correct balance of action on immediate issues and the final goal. Michael Harrington , the main speaker at the conference, discussed the role of the sudent in every movement for socialism. "The saddest thing is when students try to pretend they are workers, " he said. " Workers often see through those colonists, who come in from the institutes of higher education." He approached the subject of politics as a call to action ... If we have another fours years of the kind of misery that this administration has inflicted on the black people, the poor people, the chicano people-1 don't know where they're going to go.' The t976 election will make an enormous difference." To Harrington and to the DSOC (but not in the opinion of the Spartacists) the political system even as it now exists could g_enerate an improved political situation. " But, " said Harrington, "suppose that in 1976 a liberal candidate fbr President wins. Suppose a left-wing candidate wins. That's only the beginning. Capitalism will not go away because there is a left-wing president. Ford is the most doctrinaire, sectarian idealogue of the twentieth century , and WiUiam Simon the most evil man in the American government." These remarks brought delighted ~aughter and applause ; this was what everyone had come to hear. Much less notice was accorded the sobering notion that, given the present government and the divisions in the socialist movement, as Harrington said, "None of us in this room will ever know if Socialism as conceived of.. . will ever exist. That kind of change doesn't come in a moment." Sandy Akerman '79 C .B . Francis '79 . A p~ax v1ew of the west Wilham Henry Jackson and An'Sel Adams both.photographed the ~and~cape o~ the Amen~ west; Adams IS still alive and working, but Jackson made

The New Journal/November 11 , 1975

his photographs about a century ago. Their images came out of the same landscape, but are wt.dely separa•-_.. ~ 1·n time and function. Jackson took his photographs on assignment for the U.S. Geological Survey and for western railroad companies, so the owners of these western territories could see what they had. The beephotographic process had only recently n developed, so Jackson created some of the earliest images of the American West. Still, this exhibition being held in an art gallery and not a historical society, even though Jackson's primary intention was to make visuar records. Jackson often included Indians, travelers, houses, and locomotives in the landscape to relate the massive mountains and vast expanses of "Big Sky Country" to human scale. Tiny white lettering in the comer of each print identifies the scene, and often the prints were molinted beneath the elaborate calligraphic heading of the U.S. Geological Survey. Adams was a pioneer photographer of a different sort than Jackson. An early advocate of the use of photography as a medium for artistic expression, his landscapes are abstract textural fonns , rendered in silver tones. Jackson was obviously impressed by the grdlldeur of the Western landscape, and beautifully recorded it. Adams, by contrast, seemed to want to translate these natural fonns into universal symbols. Adams' images ~ave a somber, timeless quality: the sky IS often a peculiar dark tone impossible to associate with a particular time of day, and the landscape is utterly motionless and uninhabited. Only one ohotograph at Archetype contains an animate form-a miniscule horse grazing in the distance. The photographs often depict enormous geological forms with no reference to human scale. They look strangely impersonal and unreal, despite the inherent literalness of the photographic medium. Though the two men had different goals, they shared certain similarities in approach. For instance, both photographers used cameras that make very large negatives, measuring up to 16 by 20 or 20 by 24 inches, so that their photoJUSI)hs sturutingly reveal intricate

detaJ·1 on the gigantic · · aorms '" they portray. Both Jackson and Adams · 1y ad vocated the preservation of active the wilderness they depicted: Jackson helped convince Congress to create the first National Park at Yellowstone in 1872, and Adams is a longtime member of the Sierra Club. Though an outspoken conservationist, Adams never shows the effect of man on the environment. The inspiring natural wonders he photographs have probably not changed since Jackson's era. What really has changed is our attitude toward photography . Photography need no longer be used as documentation , but as a means of creating visual symbols and images. The Yale Art Gallery directors recognized the beauty of William Henry Jackson's documents and displayed them as works of art, adding a new dimension to the way we view them. President Ford recently replaced an oil painting in the White House with an Ansel Adams photograph. Helen Glazer ----------------

ing the event. And as with most human behaviour, a lot of what goes on at the movies in the audience is, well, screwy. Underlining everything is the notion that, in a movie audience, you are in a gropp but you are alone. If your attention is on tbe screen, a reaction from the audience beyond yourself is always unexpected, an extra dimension of the experience. The communication in a theater is directly between the screen and the individual viewer-any other communication is not overtly conscious , initially. (This assumes attention to the screen; dating couples function differently, and in some theaters you can't see the screen from the back row anyway.) The fact of the group reaction external to your own explains some obvious results: comedies are better in a crowded theater, sad or melodramatic movies are best in solitude, scary movies best in an alert crowd, etc. Laughter is contagious, so you laugh harder and more often with people laughing around you, while it only takes one schmuck giggling at the wrong time to destroy the lump in your throat. Sprocket holes: Audiences Specifically, everyone loves to cheer · You're engrossed in the climactic collectively in Casablanca, at the moments of a thriller, having escaped successfully enough to blot out most of beginning of a beautiful friendship. On the real world, when the jerk three seats the other hand, a projectionist friend of down from you, who's with a group of mine once refused to continue a six, each of whom has enjoyed the party screening of A Streetcar Named Desire bec~':lse a bunc.h .creeps were laughing before more than the movie they 're at dens1vely at VIvien Leigh's breaknow , and who have been joking and down as Blanche. giggling at all the worst times to be Public audiences rarely complain, no annoying but you've sublimated them matter what goes wrong. An extreme for the most part till now, when this example is the following episode. The jerk says, "Oh I've seen this! She stabs him and then falls off the commercial projectionist union has a lot roof with the kid hanging on the fire of old men in it. They tend to fall asleep. So I'm ·sitting in a moderately escape!" Ten minutes later that is of course what happens on the screen, but crowded theater, and the light on the it's no surprise to you. And the final screen begins to dim, flickering dimgrief is the admonition on the poster ming. I am aware that the arc rods in 1 "Please do not reveal the ending." the projector need adjusting, and soon, Sigh. or the screen will go black . It does . Until 1950 or so, nobody saw Nobody moves in the audience. Nobody n;tovies alone. But even though televimoves in the projection booth. For five sron bas changed our viewing habits, minutes. the crowd listens to the movie, rums are still generally considered a in pitch darkness. The one hears the reel group experience, a social phenomenon. end, the film run out of the projector. We still " go to the movies." As with stop. Now the theater is dark and silent. most such experiences, there is a unique For a good ten minutes, nobody did interaction and behavior accomoanynothing, except murmur quietly and shuffle their feet. My fascination with this phenomenon wearing off, I got up and fouDd the manager, who didn't seem t<?O surprised that the house was dark. But can you imagine that happening with a college audience? College audiences never hesistate to communicate information to the projectionist, sometimes before the movie starts. College crowds can also make a bad movie a lot more fun, with a few choice comments at appropriate times often improving the script. Try out a boring porno movie with a horny college audience. It can be an education on several levels. · Scary movies with a college bunch on the same wavelength can be great. At a crowded screening of Night of the Living Dead, a guy was sitting next to an attractive girl he didn't know. In a tense moment of the film, the girl suddenly grabbed the guy's ann. gripping it tightly for quite a while. After the film was over, I asked him if he liked it. "Are you kidding? I've got her phone number. and I'm staying for the next show.'' A group of people were sitting m two rows, and m another particularly tense scene, a guy reached over the back of the chair in front of him slowly touching the occupant's shoulde; The poor girl jumped about four feet in all directions, as did the people around her.

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The New Journal/November II, 1975

The last piece, Robert Moore's _was an exercise in agility. ~tght mustqans played some thirty t~struments in~luding drums, a syntheSizer, automobtle gears, and different sized drinking glasses half filled with wa~er. The two percussionists only had thetr socks on as they dashed from bongos to tubular bells to military snares to te~p!~ blocks . Marty Brody played the vtohncello and the rims of the drinking glasses with his bow. Keith ~rion conducted without explicitly settmg the rhythm. Instead he· held one finger up, then two fingers ten seconds later, then three and so on each new fi_~ger signalling a new seq~ence. As he dtd, Robert Morris detached and reattached electrical cables on his synthesizer. Brody did vibrato on glass nms and the shoeless percussionists ran from the snare drum to the tubular balls. The musicians were serious and precise as they produced what some in the · au~ience thought ·were amusing random nOises. ·~hatasms~'

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Dennis Shasha

In the family way

the finest Jamaican smoke. This may be part of the reason for .the delay in their acceptance by the recording industry, for marijuana is part of their religion, and their songs are very religious. The other part of their religion consists in worship of the emperor Haile Selassie as the living god on earth, Lion of Judah, King of Kings, etc. Or more simply, Rasta. The fact that he had been deposed didn't impress Bob Marley very much, and I suppose that news of his death will not matter much to the Rastafarians, as they call themselves. They take the role of prophets quite seriously, and it is impossible to understand what they are trying to do with music without some notion of where this all comes from. Specifically, it comes from Trenchtown, a massive ~hetto in Jamaica that makes slums in ihe states look like Scarsdale. Despite increasing commercial success ("I Shot the Sheriff" was Eric Clapton's cover of a Bob Marley tune} they have not forgotten their roots. They have a message, and the sincerity and depth of their feeling just shines through the whole album. The music itself is deceptively simple. Subtle cross-rhythms between the percussion and the bass set up an irresistable beat which manages to hold perfectly the line between taste and energy. American musicians, particularly bass ~layers, can learn alot from . listening to reggae. They use space as an intrinsic part of their music, in fact, what they don't play is often more important than what they do. Discretion, Jamaican smoke taste, timing, and a unique style put Bob Marley and the Wailcrs virtually Bob Marley and the Wailers several define reggae music, and this album is notches above what passes for music in the most successful attempt to date at this country. Maybe coming up in an environment ~apturing that sound on record . Reggae IS fmally catching on in thi~ countr). lt like Trenchtown gives .them the maturity inruences everyone from Paul Simon to and sense of timing that never once fails the Rolling S•ones, hut only .-.:~entl} · on this album. Certainly it has given them a purpo:.e and a direction; Marley have the authentic Jama:can groups t~emselvcs received :my reai recognimeans to be taken seriously when he uon. . sings, ·'Let righteousness cover the earth Reggae music is a bizarre combination of Jamaican and African rhythms like water cover the sea with_ rock'n_'roll from the late-night lightning, thunder, brimstone and Flonda stations, liberally lubricated with ftre"'

I've only scratched the swface; if movies are adventure, so are the audiences. Almost anything can happen. On New Year's Eve several years ago, I was at a friend's house in Dobbs Ferry, New York, and to kill time until Guy Lombardo croaked in from Times Square, we decided to go the the local movie house. Now Dobbs Ferry has the distinction of having been single<! out by Time magazine as one of the Ten Ugliest Towns in the United States. Its movie theater is appropriately dingy, and some of its inhabitants are correspondingly chaJ"J1ling. So Jaime 8nd I are watching the double bill , Fritz the Cat and Fanny Hill, and about halfway through Ms.Hill's soft-core moans and groans,(mind you it's only about 10:30), • some not-so-young weirdo in the middle of the theater stands up and starts to strip, shouting, " Happy goddamn New Year! Happy goddarnn New Year!" When he's naked, he puts back on his hat and coat and starts running around the theater, still yelling, " Happy goddamn New Year! Happy goddamn New Year! '' opening and closing his coat as he runs. The audience, as bored with the movie as he was, is on the floor laughing hysterically. The manager :Uust have had some compassion even if he . didn't have a sense ofhumor, for he kicked the guy out, but dido 't have him arrested. After all, he was just part of the show. Doug McKinney

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If this is to be music after the Rasta revolution, then all hail Rasta, King of K:ings, Lion of Judah, and, uh, pass the ptpe. Greg Ritchie

Jazz composition

What do you call two people involved in a relatively stable relationship which involves love, sex, and shared living space? A few nights ago during dinner, my housemates and I looked at the range of titles. For two people "living together," "friend" was too broad, and "boyfriend" or "girlfriend" too juvenile. "Paramour" and "consort" were archaic' and suitmate," "cobabitor" and "roommate" too general. "Lover" left out the social side of the relationship, and couldn't be said to

About 200 people sat down in Sprague Hall October 24 to hear "Yale your parents. We decided that a new Composers Under the Influence of word was needed to describe people Jazz,·' and several other influences as within nonmarriages. well. One of us said that his mother "Chord," written and conductect. by referred to his sister's boyfriend as her David Mott, began the concert. The "son in common law." A major loud, hyper first minutes found the hom breakthrough! From there we leaped players with their heads up and trumpets effortlessly to the acronym SICL, or high-a soprano sax player waddled coll09uially, "sickle." The versatility rhythmically into the audience. John Levy of th!$ acronym soon became apparent. stood up with his trumpet and played Your parent could call your lover a · some spine-tingling sequences. Mott "sickle" or a " dickle. " At the same meanwhile kept time by moving his time, your lover's mother would be hands as if He were flipping a water your "mickle," and your lover's father balloon from one hand to the other. your "fickle," or even better, " pickle" . It was a strange scene. Balding Mott, (papa in common Ia~). tn mod grey suit, checkered green shirt ~he whole scheme seemed flawless and bushy rust-colored beard, was up until we reali~~ .~at Y?:n- si~ter would front conducting instrumentalists who be your lover s Sickle whtch unfortuseemed to be doing nothing in common. nately conflicted with the son-incommon ~radually, a background moan with law "sickle." w_e quickly re~edied the slight variations in pitch dominated, ~.ro~lem .~Y makmg the latter mt~ producing sounds closely resembling smckle (n~t to be confused wtth city intersection noises. The musicians Colu~bus Smckle). looked glum, almost bowing their heads '!'hts name-syst~m could ~xtended as they played. to mclude all farmly (you;:..lover's "Cadenza " by Yehudi Wy e _ & nephew , cousin, e~.)""and friends , n r ~or (''f . kl '') A d f clarinet and piano - was a zippy piece nc es :, . n course, your lover that a non -pianist just might reproduce w?uld be a hckle -but could you say while doodling on a piano in a large thts to grandmother and ·'grickle'?" deserted mansion ... so random that it _Now yo_u may feel perfectly content was scary. The audience waited a few wtthou~ this new system, muddling seconds after each section of the piece along like the w~an I overheard in before clapping. Nothing in the final CCL the other ~tght: "Oh John? ~e's bars suggested an ending. ?~r-.uh-boyfn_end, ~ ~ean, they re After intermission came Robert ~lor. ~avmg a Relatt~nshtp -urn-they're ns· ·Not Lilacs .. This \\as more rcarly hvtng together... "!'~e old f~ terms normal jazz and the audience could nod may .wor~ for de~cnbmg the sunplest of in rhythm. Roben D'Angelo gave a relatt?nshtps: but .how ~oul~ yo~ ever virtuoso ninety second performance on descnbe a rruckle s ex-tickle s ruckle? drums which earned him loud and Nancy Silver well-deserved applause.

Any Woman Can Have an Abortion But do we need to feel like bad girls if we do? c

of the staff and the long wait before the abortion was performed. So, out of the Women's Center came Co~necticut is threatening women's the Women's Abortion Referral Service. rights to abortion . Governor Ella By this time,abortions were legal in Grasso, a Roman Catholic is a dedicated New York City. Even with the added member of the ..pro-life" ranks. The expense of transportation, an abortion in . Connecticut General Assembly is in the New York cost less than one in New proces$ of restricting the access of some Haven. W . A .R .S. operations were women to abortion with the requirement necessarily clandestine; it was still of the consent of the father. 'The illegal in Connecticut to refer a woman Connecticut Welfare Department has for an abortion for reasons other than been notified that they are no longer those specified in the state codes. One allowed to cover the cost of an abortion woman involved with the project during as part of their services, a directive that period said, .. We had to be really which p laces the added burden of careful; we used first names only, and medical oills on women who are least took any records that we had home with able to pay. us." Abortions have always been legal, but -----, until 1972 when the U .S . Supreme court 1 ruled abortion laws unconstitutional thev were performed only under certain conditions. A woman had to prove that her physical or emotional well-being would be endangered by the birth of a child. Only Yale-New Haven Hospital performed abortions in New Haven. Examinations by two psychiatrists and "\ two gynecologists were required to ; prove a pregnancy dangerous. The patJent paid for these examinations ;[ herself. If their recommendations did not .. . ', pass a committee at Yale-New Haven her investment was lost. The abortion itself, incurred an additional cost of I /.• J' $230 or tnore, if she bad reached .the L___________~________ . :_ -______ _ _ second twelve weeks of pregnancy . In 1969, a group ot professionals Meanwhile, women were taking the from the Departments of Obstetrics and issue to the courts. Kathy Emmett, a Gynecology, Psychiatry, and Social Yale Law School graduate, challenged Work at Yale-New Haven met to the Connecticut abortion laws by filing :>rganize a service that would provide a class action suit. lllousands of women support tor women through the crisis of became plaintiffs in Women vs. Conpregnancy. This group undec the necticut, and Ms. Emmett argued the direction of Dr. Nathan Kase, Chairman · case before the Connecticut Supreme :>f the Department of Obstetrics and Court. About the same time, the United Gynecology was named Family AdvisStates Supreme Court ruled that abortion ory Counseling and Treatment Service. laws were unconstir..1tional . The program opened officially in 1970. The Supreme Court' s decision in 1972 Though hospital sources were extremely eliminated the necessity for psychiareluctant to admit it, one of the reasons tric/ gynecologjcal consultation, and for F .A.C.T.S . was formed was to increase the decision committee at Y-NHH. Dr. the availability of abortions for women Kase chose shortly afterwards to form a by helping them to comply with the ' ' community board of directors'' to talce state codes concerning their emotional responsibility for the F .A .C.T .S . clinic, stability. now that they could publicly aclcnowlF . A .C.T.S . wished to keep a low edge the existence of such a clinic. profile to remain an effective advocate W . A .R.S . discovered the existlence of for their patients. In some cases, the board by accident and invited • the financial strain placed on the woman themselves to the next meeting. It was was almost unbeanlble. F.A.C.T .S . tried suggested that members of W . A.R :~ · be to arrange alternative methods of allowed to sit on the board. In addJbon, payment. In other cases, young women Dr. Virginia Stuermer, a colleague of would find themselves pressured into Dr. Kase at Y-NHH was nominated to having an abortion when they were the board of directors. According to a strongly in favor of keeping the child. former W.A.R .S . member, ..Tile sugHere, F .A .C . T.S. tried to act in their gestion was sort of balked at, but they behalf to eUminate the tension between finally agreed . In return, we made a the women and therr tanuttes. Utten vague sort of promise to refer a certain they helped plan for the SUJ??Ort" of the number of patients to the F. A.C .T .S. child. F .A .C .T .S . attempted to provide clinic . We never did, though ." marital and sexual counseling as weU. Some of the W .A .R.S . women were Yale and New Haven women indeskeptical about the motives of Dr.Kase pendant of Yale-New Haven Hospital for providing this service, believing he (Y-NHH) began working with this was simply out for the money the problem at the same time. 1be New serv1ce brought to the Department of Haven W omen's Center was one of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 'They poinseveral feminist organizations in the city ted out that all abortions were done at Y-NHH by faculty of the Yale Medical that began defending the right of School for very high prices. Other women to control their own bodies. members of the board frrmly believed Women at the center felt F .A.C .T.S .' impact was negligible, if not negative. that his actions reflected his real concern over the issue of abortion in 1be service cost far more than many women could afford. And many patients New Haven. These conflicting views resulted in complained bitterly about the callous friction betwcenn the W .A .R.S . group attitude of the doctors, the insensitivity

by Rosemary Bray

I·

c:~e

and the other members of the board. The fonner were women with a feminist perspective, wary of the male dominated medical profession which they felt excercised undue control over the lives and bodies of women. The latter group of men and women found feminism a new and unsettling pbenomenon;they did not believe all women had the authority to determine the care and treatment of their own bodies .. The tensions that were generated within the group focussed finally on the issue of the clinic' s affiliation: should the clinic operale under the auspices of Y-NHH or not? The women were adamant; it should bt: an independent clinic outside the hobpital , but with backup by the hospi~ in case of emergency. Dr. Kase and otbers argued the implausibility of the plan and pointed out the dangers of complications. Dr. Kase resigned frrst, followed by others. One of the members, in looking back, speculated as to the cause of the resignations: ' 'It had to do with power. The W.A.R.S . proposal was a challenge to Yale-New Haven as one of the most prestigious member'S of the American medical community. 1be idea of women getting together and establishing a clinic without the sanction of the male medical profession was an egohlow. " After the resJgnattons, the remaJrung members of the group began plans for an outpatient abortion clinic. One of the first actions acided representatives from Fiar Haven Clinic, Hill Health Center and Family Planning to the board of directors. The group hired Harriet Bogard, a lawyer and founder of Dixwell Legal Rights to help with the fund-raising campaigns. Dr. Virginia Stuermer, 8l' original board member and the only gynecologist left in the organization was appointed medical director. Tbey sought additional medical personnel. During this period members of the board approached doctors in the community and received intially positive responses. When contacted again, these same doctors expressed reluctance and finally refused outright. Women in the project at that time said that the doctor's refusal was linked to the response of Y -NHH to their affiliation with the splinter group. No doctor can practice without hospital _affiliation and this privilege can be rescmded by_the hospital for reasons of •unprotesstanal conduct.' Finally, almost 2 years after the board split, Women's Health Services opened on the second floor of the renovated Firehouse 19 on Edwards Street off State. 1be aim of W .H.S . is to provide diagnosis of pregnancy,

counseling and abortion during the first I I weeks. A group affiliated with W.H.S., Women's Health Education, offers a series of courses on ··women and our Bodies", that deal with menstruation, sexuality and women and health care, among other topics. Both Women' s Health Services and F. A .C .T.S .(which has since been renamed the Sterling Clinic) use the vacuum aspiration method of abortion, considered the safest and most simple procedure available. After a local anesthetic has been injected into the cervix , the os, or opening of the cervix is gently stretched with a series of dilators until it can accomodate the insertion of a blun~-tipped tube about the size of a fountain pen. This tube is a vacuum cunette, and is attached to a suction machine, or aspirator. The aspirator works like a vacuum cleaner, emptying the contents of the uterus. The proced~ its:elf takes anywhere from 3 minutes tO a maximum of ·J0 minutes. Afterwards, an ordinary cunette may be used to scrape the walls of ~ uterus and check for any tissue that the aspirator may have missed . The cost of this procedure is $165 at Sterling Clinic. The fee includes lab work, a complete physical, contraception information counseling and the abortion itself. At Women's Health Services, the cost is $125 and includes lab work, physical, counseling, birth control information and supplies, the abortion, a RboGam injection if the mother is RH positive, and a follow- up exam two weeks after the procedure is performed. Payment for the procedure at Sterling and W.H.S . is covered by Medicaid, CMS , and specified bealtb insurance plans. In addition, the Connecticut Feminist-Federal Credit Union offers loans to women who need abortions and plan to have them at W . H.::> . The Sterling clinic, located on Congress A venue across from the hospital, is painted in hospital colors . The patient is admitted to the building by a buzzer and her name checked off a list. She is asked for a urine sample, then led to a waiting room where she is handed some forms to complete. One is a medical history, the other is a questionnaire, designed to act as a guide for social workers. She answers questions such as ••What method of birth control were you using when you became pregnant?, " .. Have you ever made a suicide attempt?," .. How sure are you that you want an abortion?" She waits there until her name is called, when she joins a group of women to

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