Official Handbook 1969/70. International Amateur Athletic Federation. by The Marshal

PUBL ICATI ONS OF THE I.A.A.F. I.A.A.F . HantWJook 1%9/7 0 (Englis h Edition ). Price 9s. (10s. po8t free) LA.A.F. Handbook 1969/7 0 (FreniCh Edition ). Price 9s. !poSt flree)

I.A.A.F . World, Europe an and Olymp ic Record Book with supple ment Price 75. ({s. 6d. po'St free) Supple ment Cif supplie d sepa-rately). ls. 6d. ,post free. I.A.A.F. Scorin g Tuble for Ments Track and F'ield Events CFull Edition). Price 10s. (lIs. I.A.A.F. Scorin g Table for Wome n's Track and Field Events. Price 3s. 6d. (4s. post free) NOTE. -DISCO UNTS ON ABOVE PUBLIC ATION S:-

Orders for 6 copies and ove1r of anyon e pub1ic ation-2 t% discoun t. . Orders for 10 copies and over of anyon e public ation-1 0% discoun t. Orders for 100 copies and over of anyon e pubtic ation-1 5% discou nt . . Orders for 200 copies and over of anyon e publica ti:on-2 5% discount. Metric Conversion Tablet publish ed by ''World Sports." Price lIs. 6d. per cdpy Design s for 40Om. Track and Field Terrain (9 Design s) comple te set-Â£1 0 10s. (includ ing pOstage) Copies of these publica tions can be obtaine d from the INTER NATIO NAL AMAT EUR ATHL ETIC FEDER ATION , 162, UPPER RICHM OND ROAD , PUTN EY, LOND ON, S.W.I5 . This Handb ook is copyrig ht and. no part may be reprod uced withou t the permis sion of the Counc il of the Interna tional Amate ur Athleti c Federa tion.

INT ER NA TIO NA L AM AT EU R FE DE RA TIO N

AT HL ET IC

OF FIC IAL HA ND BO OK 1969/70

2 CONTENTS Rules DIVISION

Page

Foreword The F ederatioll History .. , . Officers, Council, ... ... Panel of International Walkmg Judges Veterans ... List of Members .,. II Constitution of LA.A.F. Eligibility and Amateur Status

DIVISION

III International Competitions General... .., '1' Section I Officials . .. ... II Competition Rules (Genera) " III Running.. Events . .. ... IV Jumping; Events . . V Throwing Events VI Walking Events VII Combined Events . :: VIII Specifications for OffiCial . Implements and Apparatus

5 8

14 15

1-14 51-55

DIVISION

63 63 74

101 111-126 141-149 161-168 171-175 181-185 191-192 195

122 128 131

201-216

133

115

Statistics List of Events for which World Records are recognised .. , ... ... World Track and Field Records ... European Track and Field Records .. , Olympic ., . World ChampiOnships ...

381

156 158 164

172 173

at end of book INDEX ...

FOREWORD Once again it is my pleasant task to present to you the official Handbook of. the International Amateur Athletic Federation for 1969/70. This is the first re-issue of our Handbook since 1967, and the two intervening years are once again a history of steady progress. We have now 134 affiHa1ted members. A number of major athletic events have taken place during the period in different parts of the world, and it has been very gratifying to notice the steady increase in the number of entries in competitions and the rising standard of performances. The outstanding event was of course our World Championships in the Olympic Games in Mexico City, and all members are fully aware of their great success. We owe a debt of gratitude to our Mexican Member for the outstanding papt >that it played in tlheir organisation and which were the culmination of many months of ded'icated preparation. Our Recodification Committee has earned our sincere thanks for the splendid work which it did, and as a result many amendmen ts were passed at the Congress which have modernised and strengthened our rules. Once again we held a successful Congress at the time of the Games and many and varied problems had to be dealt with. There was, I regret to say, a considerable increase in the number of points brought up with a political background. Apart from the purely athletic side, the great social contribution that our movement is making to the world is that the cream of the athletic youth meets together on equal terms in mutual confidence and respect; with no-one excluded on the grounds of race or religion, and with no regard to the political system in any country. If we once were to give way over this basic principle, it would be a tragic setback to the development of understanding' and confidence between the peoples of the world. I would like to pay a high tribute to the devoted service of our Honorary Secretary, Mr. D. T. P. Pain, and our Honorary Assistant Secretary, Mr. F. W. Holder,

and to Miss Fox and her assistant as well. and untiring efforts of these officers make It ,Possrble to Folrun the office most efficiently and wIth. the lowing the note that I put in the last continued expansion of our sport CouncIl decIded that we should increase our establishment and has appointed a full-time Executive Director,. Mr. J. B. He has himself a distinguished athletiC and IS devoted to our ,sport. I have no doubt he wl'll be a great asset to our team. . lost an outstandmg During the past year we leader by the death of Mr. Nalh Moran of Turkey.. and also Mr. D. G. Caswall, a devoted Honorary A.ssIstant Secretary of our Federation. They gave outstandmg service to our movement, and we send our sincere sympathy to their families. EXETER,

I, \ 1 1!

-I ':1

'. i

President

February 1969

162/4 Upper London, S.W.15.

HISTORY

On 17th July, 1912, representatives from the athletic associations of Australasia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Russia and United States of America met in Stockholm to discuss the possibility of forming an International Amateur Athletic Federation, the need for which had become apparent owing to the development in international contests and the Olympic Games. A universal code of rules and regulations and a common amateur definition acceptable throughout the world had become essential. It was also desired to establish an authentic register of World and Olympic records. Under the patronage of H.R.H. The Crown Prince of Sweden a provisional committee was formed comprising Messrs. J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden) as President Kristian Hellstrom (Sweden) as Honorary Secretary, Carl Diem (Germany), P. L. Fisher (Gt. Britain), Pierre Roy (France), S. Stankovits (Hungary), and James E. Sullivan (United States of America), and following their deliberations the inaugural meeting of the LA.A.F. took place in the Preussiches Abgeordnetenhaus, Berlin, 20th23rd August, 1913, when the following countries were represented: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and United States of America. The first officers and members of the Council to be elected were: President, Mr. J. Sigfrid Edstrom; Hon. Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. Kristian Hellstrom; Members of Council, Messrs. C. Diem (Germany), P.' L. Fisher (United Kingdom), F. Reichel (France), S. Stankovits (Hungary), J. E. Sullivan (U.S.A.). Since those early days much has been accomplished. The steady growth of the Federation in the two decades

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6 7

prior to 1939 accelerated during the post-war years and at the Twenty-sixth Congress in Mexico in 1968 the countries in affiliation with the Federation numbered 137. In many of the countries recently affiliated the sport is still in its early stages of development and every effort is being made by the Federation to promote its growth. A notable development in international athletics has been the growth of continental and regional games in recent years, and these are of considerable value in the development of athletics in those countries where the sport is still young. The I.A.A.F. has been able to give considerable assistance to the organisers of these games. Without question, the control exercised by the Federation during its fifty-six years of existence has been of much benefit to the sport and there is ample evidence of even greater advance in the future. With ever-increasing activity throughout the world the need for decentralisation has become evident. A move towards this was made when the European Committee was formed, with a primary function of organising and carrying through the European Championships. While the concernJof the European Committee is the organising of championships confined to track and field athletics, in other cOlltinents a full programme of regional games is carried out and here the Federation is able to give considerable assistance and technical advice through its designated representatives. The growth of women's athletics during the post-war years has been most marked and a great deal of study in those countries where it is practised has been devoted to the physiological aspect of the sport as it concerns women athletes. In 1962 as the result of recommendations from a committee to study cross-country running from an international point of view the competition rules of the to include regulations to govern I.A.A.F. were this important side of athletics.

The .1964 Olympic G.ames in Tokyo evidenced the great nnprovement which had taken place in the standard of performance "in all athletic events even by comparison. with the standards of 1960. The Olympic Games,. whiqh are, of course, recognised as the World ChampIOnshIps of the LA.A.F., provide a useful and a .fair medium for assessing the general advance This lends great interest to the In resu.lts In MeXICO In 1968, where, in spite of the forebodmgs of many objectors to the choice of venue performances were outstanding, no fewer than 25 World _ and 73 Olympic records being bettered or equalled. The .welcome increase in participation by athletes of Afncan I.A.A.F. Members first notable in Tokyo continued, and the performances of many of these athletes a high both of preparedness for and skIll and courage in the testing condItIons of the World Championships. in the sport throughout the The increasing World has had a bIg nnpact on the administrative side of international athletics, and the LA.A.F. aims conto establish closer links with national governing To meet the .desirable object of increasing the liaIson between athletIc leaders in all parts of the World that they may take a greater share in the policy and making of the LA.A.F., the Council recommended and unanimously accepted an enlargement of the Council from 12 to 15 members, six of whom will be of Continental Area Groups. elected In a live and expanding organisation considerations of finan?e invariably bear heavily on the executive. The InternatIOnal OlYmpic Committee decided to hand over a proportion of the revenue which it received from the live tele.vision rights at the OlYmpic Games to the International Federations which designate them as their WorId Part of funds derived by the LA.A.F. from this source are beIng applied towards the costs of the lA.A.F. Coaching Scheme.

9 8 INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION

FOUNDED in 1912 Postal Address:

162, Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, S.WJ5, England. Telegraphic Address: " Marathon," London, S.W.15. Telephone Number: 01Â·789 3853.

President: THE MOST HON. THE MARQUESS OF EXETER, K.C.M.G.

Honorary life Vice-Presidents: 'Bo EKELUND E. J. H. HOLT, C.M.G., C.B.E. Honorary Secretary-Treasurer: D. T. P. PAIN, M.B.E.

Honordry Assistant Secretary: F. W. HOLDER Executive Director: I. B.

HOLT

Bureau Secretary: MISS M. P. Fox

I ,1

I 1

COUNCIL

The Most Hon. the Ma.rquess of Exeter, K.C.M.G., President, I.A.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road, London, S.W.15. D. T. P. Pain, Honorary Secretary-Treasurer, 162 Upper Richmond Road, London, S.W.l5. *H. M. Agabani, Sudan Amateur AtWetic Association, P.O. Box 1525, Khartoum, Republic of Sudan. E. Bosak, Na Mydlacce 9 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czechoslovakia. . *J. C. da Costa, Rua Miguel Couto 51 2c-OO Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ' M. Danz, Ochsena:lle 1/2, Kassel, West Germany. d'AtWetisme, 10 rue R. DU'bief, Federation du Faubourg Poissonniere, Paris We, France. *D. J. Ferds, Amateur Athletic Union of the U.S.A., A.A.U. House, 231 West 58th Street, New York, N.Y. 10019, U.S.A. *A. J. Hodsdon, Amateur Athletic Union of Australia 41 Carlingford Road, Epping, N.S.W. 2121, Aus: tralia. L. Khomenkov, Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. J. Lindahl, Forsvarets Fabriksslyrelse, Tullgatan 8 Eskilstuna, Sweden. ' *M. Oda, 26-12 Kamiyama-cho, Shibuya-ku Tokyo, Japan. *A. Paulen, Surinamestraat 33, The Hague, The Netherlands. J. Sir, Kekgolyo u.4. Budapest XII, Hungary. A. Takac, Atletski 5avez Jugoslavije, 5tr. Bana 73a, Belgrade, Yugoslavia. *Area Group Representative.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE A. Paulen, President, Surinamestraat 33, The Hague, The Netherlands. . L Khomenkov Vice-President, Light Athletic :r.edera. tion of the U.S.S.R., Skatertnyi pereulok 4, oscow 69, U.S.s.R. 1 A Takac, Hon. Secretary, Federation Yougos adve . d'Athletisme, Str. Bana 73a, Box 475, Belgra e, Yugoslavia. . y,," 12 E. Bosak, Czechoslovak SectIOn, Na Poncl , Praha 1, Czechoslovakia. E. Clemme, 18, avenue du Karreveld, Brussels, Belgium. M. Danz, Ochsenallee 1/2, Kassel, West Germany. A. A. Gold, 49 Friem Mount Drive, Whetstone, London, N.20, England. . H. Krzeminski, Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletykl, Warszawa 1, ul. Foksall9, Poland. J. Lehtinen, Sandelsinkatu 6, Helsinki, Finland. J Lindahl Sventka Fri-IdrottsfOrbundet, Humlegards. gatan 17, Stockhplm 0, Sweden. . A. M0st, Hans Overlands Vei 49 B. HOVlk, Baerum, Norway. E. Rose, Rolighedsvej 22, Copenhagen V. Denmark. J. Sir, Kekgolyo u.4. Budapest XII, Hungary. P Stassano Federazione Italiana di Leggera, . Palazzo'delle Federazioni, Viale Tlzlano 70, Rome, Italy. ,. . 10 rue P. Tonelli, Federation du Faubourg poissonmere, Pans 10e, France.. . ux Hon. Assistant-Secretary (non-votmg), 10 e du FauP. Dasna , , hI" Federation Fran<;aise d f\t etlsme, ru bourg poissonniere, Pans We, France. 0

I \

TECHNICAL COMMIITEE

P. Sober, Chairman, 1350 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019, U.s.A. D. T. P. Pain, Honorary Secretary, LA.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road, London, S.!W.15. H. M. Abmhams, 64 Aibingdon Road, London, W.8, England. E. Clemme, 18 Avenue du Karreve1d, Brussels, Belgium. J. W. Davies, 3449 Vendome Avenue, Montreal 28, Quebec, Canada. P. Dasriaux, Federation Fran<;aise d'AthIetisme 10, rue du Faubourg Poi'ssonniere, Paris lOe, France. W. Gerutto, ul. Walecznych 36 a m 4, Warsaw, Poland. L. Jall, 8 Munich 19, Schluderstr. 32, Germany. A. Jorbeck, Erik Sandbergsgatan 17, Solna, Sweden. V. Kanturek, Czechoslovak A'thletic Section, Na Potici 12, Praha 1, Czechoslovakia. J. Lehtinen, SandeIsinkatu 6, Helsinki, Finland. O. Massimi, Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera, Viale Tiziano 70, Rome, Italy. C. Moreno, Federacion ,Mexicana de Atletismo, Apartado Postal No. 44041, Av. Juarez, No. 157, Desp. 502, Mexico 12, D. F. Mexico. M. Oda, 26-12 Kamiyama-Cho, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. A. Paulen, Surinamestraat 33, The Hague, The Netherlands. E. Rose, Rolighedesvej 22, Copenhagen V, Denmark. P. Stepanenko, Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertnyi perelllok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R.

12 WOMEN'S COMMITI'EE

Miss M. Hartman, M.'RE., Chairman, 41 Hayward Court, Levehurst Way, London, J. H. 'Moerman, Hon. Secretary, BnuKstra3Jt 53 bv, Amsterdam-O, Netherlands. Miss J. Bellew, 1224 Whitaker Way, Mento Park. California, U.S.A. H. Bi'rkemeyer, Berlin-Hohenschonhausen, weber Str. 11, German Democratic Repubhc. N. Carlius, 51. Pedersgatan 11, Halsinborg, Sweden. E. Dudzinski, UI Bzeznicza 14m. 59, Poland. Mrs. L. Leveleki,Magyar Athletikal Szovetsek VI. Budapest V., Hungary. Mrs. D. 1. Magee, 26, French Street, Marouba, N.S.W. r' Australia P. SehmoIl, Federation d'Athletisme, 10 rue du Faubour o Poissonniere.Paris lOe, France. P. Stassano, ltaHwIl'a di Atletica Leggera. Viale Tiziano 70, Rome, Italy. Mrs. D. Zatopkova. U. pujkovny 8, Prague 1, Czechoslovakia .I

CROSS COUNTRY COMMIITEE E. Hermes, Chairman, 68 Avenue d'Auderghen, Brussels. Belgium. D. T. P. Pain, Honorary Secretary LA.A.F.â&#x20AC;˘ 162 Upper Richmond Road, London, S.W.I5, England. L. J. Cohen, 34 Lower Kenwood Avenue, Enfield, Middlesex, England. G. Diamanlfi. Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera, Viale Tiziano 70, Rome, Italy. C. Eins, lm Bogen 12, Potsdam, Gennan Democratic VI'''' Republic. L. Fiser, Czechoslovak Athletic Section, Na Ponel 12 Praha 1, Czechoslovakia. Federation d' Athletisme, 10 rue H. du Faubourg Poissonniere, Paris lOe, France.

13 A. Scandurra. A.A.D. of D.S.A., A.A.U. House 231 * West 58th Street. New York 10019, U.s.A. ' E. 18 Avenue du Karreveld, Brussels 8, BelgIUm. *G. L. N. Dunn, Woodlin, 5 Granta Terrace Stapleford. Cambridgeshire, England. ' Federation Royale Marocaine d' *D. El, Athletl'sme, 4 rue Charles Tissot. Rabat, Morocco. tV. Ma!topol, Federatia Romina de Atlelism. Str. VasIle, Conta No. 16, Bucharest. Rumania. of Oross-Country Union. :Nommees of Raj'Jean Cross-Country Commi'ttee.

WALKING COMMITTEE G. Oberweger, Chairman, Viale Pinturicchio 34 Rome. Italy. . , D. T: P. 'Pain, Hon. Secretary lA.A.F., 162 Upper Road, London, S.W.15 England. B. Fehervan, Bokanvi Dezsolltca 3, Budapest VI. Hungary. P. Lassen. Dansk Gangforbund, Vester Voldgade 11 1552 Kobenhavn V, Denmark. ' A. Viganello, Lugano, SWitzerland. S. Nlshida, 877 Shimoda-Cho, Kohokll-ku, Yokohama. Japan. F. Pryor, 84 Ardrossan Gardens, Worcester Park. Surrey. England. V. Sharp, A.A.U. of Australia, 41 Carlingford Road, Eppmg. N.S.W. 2121, Australia. . H. StahI clo D.L.V., Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 137 35 Kassel, West Germany. ' U. Rajske zahrady 6, Praha 3, CzeChoH. slovakia. F. Szyszka, Polski ZWiazek Lekkiej Atletyki. Warsaw 1, uI. Foksal19, Poland. . . J. B. Tigerman, 6823 North Hamilton Chicaao III 60645, D.S.A. ' 0 , . â&#x20AC;˘

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14 PANEL OF INTERNATIONAL WALKING JUDGES Australia G. Rosenov Poland J. A. Larkin H. Waterling F. Szyszka R. Markowski J. S. MacDougaU M. Weber P.S. McCavanagh Great Britain & Sweden V. B. Sharp Northern Ireland G. Andersson W. F. Amer R. Carlson Bulgaria H. S. Bassett H. Ekenmyr V. Vladimirov F. Eriksson W. Batson B. G. Yanev W. Bell G. Grandin A. Kallenheim N. W. Easlea Canada B. Ohren J. Hackwood H. Cieman A. H. Harley N. Sagrelius A. Keay W. J. Harris A. Thureson Czechoslovakia C. Widen S. Pryor F. Horsky E. Staker V. Klempir Switzerland j H. H. Whitlock B. Klir V. Daguet F. Mikes W. Furcer Hungary A. Libotte H. Sulak P. Bacsalmasi F. Schwab J. Svoboda B. Fehervari Z. Trefny S. Lazlo F. Voboril US.S.R. L. Majzik A. Fruktov .I F. Simek Denmark A. Issurin L. Vaczi P. Lassen N. Kalinin A. Mikhailov Italy Finland F. Rennel M. W. Hyytiainen A. Bollini P. Stepenenko A. Callegari France M. Tomalin G. Oberweger H. Clermont F. Porta F. lenevein U.S.A. M. Royer W. H. Chisholm Japan P. J achelski K. Narita Germany H. H. Laskau N. Tsuda R. Kruger H. Rappaport A. A. Schnabel W. H. Ross Netherlands H. Stahl J. B. Tigerman A. F. C. Toscani German Democratic Republic Norway W. Horlemann P. Baarnaas i

VETERANS OF THE I.A.A.F. H.M. The King of Sweden. The Most Hon. The Marquess of Exeter, K.C.M.G. (Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Harold M. Abrahams, CB.E. (Gt. Britain & Northern Ireland). Hanji Aoki (Japan). Kinichi Asano (Japan). Robert Atlasz (Israel). Harold I. Austad (New Zealand). Avery Brundage (U.S.A.). - Emile Clemme (Belgium). Ernest H. L. Clynes, a.B.E. (Gt. Britain & Northern Ireland). J6ao C da Costa (Brazil). Max Danz (Germany). Jack W. Davies (Canada). Roger Dubief (France). Bo Ekelund (Sweden). Dan J. Ferris (D.S.A.). Giovanni Guabello (Italy). Edouard Hermes (Belgium). Arthur J. Hodsdon, M.B.E. (Australia). Ernest J. H. Hol't, CM.G., CB.E. (Gt. Britain & Northern Ireland). Axel Jorbeck (Sweden). Nicolai Kalinin (U.S.S.R.). Hiromu Kasuga (Japan). U. Kekkonen (Finland). Leonid Khomenkov (U.S.S.R.). Karel Knenicky (Czechoslovakia). Stan G. Leeder, M.B.E. (New Zealand). Armando Li'botte (Switzerland). J acob Lindahl (Sweden). Bo Lindman (Sweden). Dino Nai (Italy). George Oberweger (Italy).

Donald T. P. Pain, M.B.E. (Gt. Britain & Northern Ireland). J al Pardivala (India). Adrian Paulen (Netherlands). Laud Pihkala (Finland). Mme. Z. Romanova (D.S.S.R.). Jean R. Seurin (France). J oseph Sir (Hungary). Pineus Sober (D.S.A.). Kee Chung Sohn (Korea). Peter Stepanenko (D.S.S.R.). Artur Takac (Yugoslavia). Olav Tendeland (Norway). Pierre Tonelli (France). T. Tulikoura (Finland). Hugh Weir, C.B.E.{(Australia). Harold H. Whi'tlock, M.RE. (Ot. Britain and Northern Ireland).

Ij I 1

Deceased Sir Harry J. Barc1ay (Gt. Britain & Northern Ireland). William M. Barnard (Gt. Britain & Northern Ireland). Harold Berliner (U.s.A.). Friedrieh Burger (Germany). J. E. Chryssafis (Greece). Jack C. G. Crump (Gt. Britain and Northern Ireland). Charles J. Dieges (D.S.A.). Carl Diem (Germany). J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden). Leopold Englund (Sweden). Tage Erieson (Sweden). C. Forys (Poland). J. Genet (France). Frands Guilleux (France). Kristian Helstrom (Sweden). Murray Hulbert (D.S.A.). Evan A. Hunter (South Africa). G. Jurgenson (France).

Hilding Kjellman (Sweden). Gustavus T. Kirby (D.S.A.). S. Kishi (Japan). Joe B. MacCabe (D.S.A.). E. S. Marks (Australia). Paul Mericamp (France). J. G. Merrick (Canada). Justus W. Meyerhof (Germany). Lauri Miettinen (Finland). F. A. Moran (Eire). Naili Moran (Turkey) Mogens Oppegaard (Norway). - Franz Reichel (France). Karl Ritter von Halt (Germany). Oscar Rosenvinge-Kolderup (Norway). F. W. Rubien J ohannes Runge (Germany). G. V. A. Schofield (Gt. Britain & Northern Ireland). G. D. Sondi (India). Szilard Stankovits (Hungary). Robert M. Thompson (D.S.A.). Hermann Wraschtil (Austria). Bruno Zauli (Italy).

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UST OF MEMBERS

BAHAMAS (C) Bahamas Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 5517, Nassau, Bahamas. Founded 1952.

The letters in parenthesis denote the grouping of the member country. (Rule 4) AFGHANISTAN National Olympic Federation, Kabul, Afghanistan. Cables: Olympic, Kabul. ALBANIA Federation Albanaise d'Athletisme, Rruga Kongresi Permetit 41, Tirane, Albania. Cables: Albsport, Tirane.

(B)

Founded 1930

(D)

Founded 1930.

ALGERIA (C) Federation Algerienne d'Athletisme, 6, rue Alfred Letellier, Alger, Algeria. Founded 1963. ANTIGUA (D) Antigua Amateur Athletic and Cycling Association P.O. Box 349, St. John's, Antigua. Founded 1960.

BARBADOS (D) Amateur Athletic Association of Barbados, P.O. Box 36, Bridgetown, Barbados, N.W.I. Cables: Mission Barbados. Founded 1947. BELGIUM (A) . Ligue Royale BeIge d'Athletisme, 61-63 rue du Marche-aux-Herbes, Bruxellesl,BelglUm. Cables: Belgathletic-Bruxelles Founded 1889. BERMUDA (D) Amateur Athletic Union of Bermuda, P.O. Box 1026, Hamilton, Bermuda. Founded 1946. BRAZIL (A) Confedera9ao Brasileira de Desportos, Rua da Alfandega 70, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cables: Desportos, Rio de Janeiro. Founded 1914.

ARGENTINE . (A) Confederacion Argentina de Atletismo, Calle Peru 1360, Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina. Founded 1954.

BRITISH HONDURAS (D) British Honduras Amateur Athletic Association, Post Office Box 146, Belize, British Honduras, C.A. Cables: "Three A", Belize, British Honduras. Founded 1956.

AUSTRALIA (AA) The Amateur Athletic Union of Australia, 41, Carlingford Road, Epping, N.S.W. 2121, Australia. Cables: Amathunion, Sydney. Founded 1897.

BRUNEI (D) Brunei Amateur Athletic Association, clo Brunei Shell Petroleum Co. Ltd., Seria, State of Brunei. Cables: BAAA, clo Brunshell, Seria. Founded 1953.

AUSTRIA (B) Osterreichischer Leichtathletik.-Verband, Vienna 1040, Prinz Eugenstrasse 12, Austria. Cables: OLV Wien. Founded 1902.

BULGARIA (A) Bulgarian Athletic Federation, 18, Tolboukhiue Bd, Sofia, Bulgaria. Cables: Besefese Sofia. Fouuded 1949.

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20 BURMA Burma Track and Field Federation, Aungsan Memorial Stadium, Rangoon, Burma.

COLOMBIA (B) Asociacion Colombiana de Atletismo Amateur, Calle II No. 9-26 Of. Bogota D.E. Colombia. Cables: Ascodatle, Bogota. Founded 1937.

CAMBODIA (D) Federation Cambodgienne d'Athletisme Amateur, No. 1 Vithei Oknha Keth, Phnom-Penh, Cambodia. Cables: Fedathletism Khmer. P. Penh. Founded 1936.

CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE) Federation Congolaise d' RP. 2158, Brazzaville, Republique du Congo.

CAMEROONS (D) Federation Camerounaise d'Athletisme, RP. 353, Yaounde, Republique Federale du Cameroun. Founded 1959.

CONGO (KINSHASA) (D) Federation Nationale Congolaise d'Athletisme, Fenaca, RP. 664, Matete, Kinshasa, Republique du Congo. Founded 1949. Reformed 1963.

CANADA (AA) Canadian Track and Field Association, 370, Putney Avenue, St. Lambert, P. of Quebec, Canada. Founded 1889.

COSTA RICA (D) Federacion Nacional de Atletismo de Costa Rica, Direccion General de Deportes, San Jose, Costa Rica, C.A. Cables: Dgdeportes, San Jose. Founded 1960.

CENTRAL REPUBLIC (D) Federation Centrafricaine d'Athletisme, B.P. 573, Bangui, R.C.A. Cables: Fedath, Bangui. Founded 1962. CEYLON (B) Ceylon Amateur Athletic Association, (Capt. E. E. P. Joseph, Hon. Secretary), 1st Bn., The Ceylon Sinh Regiment, Katukurunda, Kalutara South, Ceylon. Founded 1922 Federacion Atletica de Chile, Casilla No. 820, Calle San Francisco No. 259. Santiago de Chile. ' Cables: Fedachi. Founded 1917.

(D) Founded 1962.

CUBA (B) Union Atletica de Amateur de Cuba, Hotel Habana Libre, Calle L. entre 23 y 25, Vedado, Habana, Cuba. Cables: Olimpicuba, Habana. Founded 1922. CZECHOSLOVAKIA (AA) Czechoslovak Athletic Section, Na Pofici 12, Prague 1, Czechoslovakia. Cables: Sportsvaz, Praha. Founded 1897. DAHOMEY (D) Federation d'Athletisme du Dahomey, RP. 65, Porto-Novo, Dahomey. Cables: Dirsports Porto-Novo. Founded 1960.

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22 DENMARK (A) Dansk AtWetik Forbund, Vester Voldgade Nr. 11, 1552 Copenhagen, V., Denmark. Founded 1907. Cables: DafatWetik. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (D) Federacion Dominicana de Atletismo Aficionado, Calle 26 Casa 25, Ensanche Luperon, Santo Domingo, Founded 1953. Republica Dominicana. (D) ECUADOR Asociacion Ecuatoriana de Atletismo, Casilla 3409, Guayaquil Ecuador. Cables: Fedenador. Founded 1925. EIRE (A) Bord Luthchleas Na h'Eireann, Moran's Hotel, Talbot Street, Dublin 1, Eire. Cables: Athletics, Dublin. Founded 1937.

I 1

ETHIOPIA (C) National Ethiopian Athletics Federation, P.O. Box 1080,j>atriots Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5. Cables: NEAF, A9dis Ababa. Founded 1961. FIJI (D) Fiji Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 2024, Government Buildings, Founded 1949. Suva, Fiji. FINLAND (AA) Suomen Urheiluliitto ry, Box 25202, Helsinki, Finland. Founded 1906. Cables: Urheiluliitto, Helsinki. (AA) FRANCE Federation Fran9aise d'Athletisme, 10, rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, Paris X, France. Cables: Fedathleti. Founded 1920.

23 Federation Gabonaise d'AthIetisme Amateur, RP. 1186, Libreville, Founded 1961 Republique, Gabonaise. . Gambia Amateur Athletic Association, c/o P.O. Box 323. Bathurst, Gambia, W. Africa. Cables: Athletics, Gambia. Founded 1960 Gaza Sports Federation (Track and Field) Gaza (Via Egypt). Cables: Ri'ayah-Qowa-Gaza. Founded 1964 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (AA) Deutscher Verband flir Leichtathletik der DDR, 1005 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118. Cables: Leichtathletik Berlin. Founded 1950. GERMANY (AA) Deutscher Leichtathletik Verband, 35, Kassel, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 137, West Germany. Founded 1898. Cables: Leichtathletik Kassel. Reformed 1949 GHANA (C) Ghana Amateur AtWetic Association, Sports Council of Ghana, P.O. Box 1272, Accra, Ghana, W. Africa. Founded 1944. Cables: Ghansport. GIBRALTAR (D) Gibraltar Amateur Athletic Association, 4, Lynchs Lane, Gibraltar. Founded 1954. GREAT BRITAIN & NORTHERN IRELAND (AA) British Amateur Athletic Board, 26, Park Crescent, London, WIN 4BQ. Founded 1880. Cables: Athlete London.

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10--=

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24 GREECE (A) Association Hellenique d'AtW6tisme Amateur (SEGAS), 25, Panepistimiou Street, Athens, Greece. Cables: Segas, Athens. Founded 1897. GUATEMALA Federacion Nacional de Atletismo, Palacio de Los Deportes, Guatemala City, Guatemala, C.A. Cables: Cdag, Guatemala.

(D)

Founded 1945.

GUINEA (D) Federation Guineenne d'AtWetisme Amateur, Ministere de ]'Education Nationale de la Jeunesse et de la Culture, (Direction Service des Sports), RP. 262, Conakry, Republique de Guinee. Cables: J.R.D.A. Conakry B.P. 262. Founded 1960. GUYANA (C) Amateur AtWetic Association of Guyana, 117 Third Alberttown, Georgetown, Guyana. Founded 1948. HONDURAS Comite Olimpico Hondureno, Tegucigalpa, D.C., Honduras C.A.

(D) Founded 1968.

HONG KONG (D) Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Association, a.p.o. Box 280, Hong Kong. Founded 1951. HUNGARY Magyar Athletikai Szovetseg, Budapest, XIV. Istvanmezei-ut 5, Hungary. Cables: Masz-Budapest.

(AA)

Founded 1897.

25 ICELAND (B) FIjalsiprottasamband Islands, P.O. Box 1099, Iprottamidstodinni Laugardal Reykjavik:, Iceland. ' Cables: Idr.ottasamband. Founded 1912. INDIA CA) Amateur Athletic Federation of India 99 Panchkuin Road, , Founded 1946. New Delhi 1, India. INDONESIA (C) Persatuan Atletik Seluruh Indonesia (PAS!) ' Djalan Tosari No. 9, Djakarta, Indonesia. Cables: PASI,Â· Kesehatantiga Djakarta. Founded 1950 IRAN (B) Iranian Amateur Track and Field Federation P.O. Box 11-1642. Teheran, Iran. ' Founded 1936. Cables: Sportsiran. ISRAEL Sports Federation ofIsrael, (S.F.!.), P.O. Box 4575, Tel Aviv, Israel. Cables: Sportisfed, Israel.

(B)

Founded 1931.

ITALY (AA) Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera , viale Tiziano 70, 00100 Rome, Italy. Cables: Fidalroma. Founded 1906. IVORY COAST (C) Federation Ivoirienne d'AthIetisme Boulevard Lagunaire, B.P. 2844, Abidjan, Founded 1960. Cote d'!voire.

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26 JAMAICA (A) Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 272, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W. Indies. Cables: Jamathletic, Jamaica. Founded 1932. JAPAN (AA) Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei, 25, Kannami-Cho, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Cables: Zennihon, Tokyo. Founded 1925. JORDAN (D) The Jordanian Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 413, Amman, Jordan. Founded 1961. KENYA i (C) Kenya Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 6722, Nairobi, Kenya. Founded 1951. KOREA (C) Korean Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 106, K.W.M., Seoul, Korea. Founded 1945. Cables: KOA4A, Seoul. KUWAIT CD) Kuwait Athletic Federation, P.G. Box 5499, Fahad As Salem Street, Ahmad Al-mehri Building, 3rd Floor Flat No. 11, Kuwait, Arabian Gulf. Founded 1957. Cables: Athletic, Kuwait. (D) LAOS Federation d'Atbletisme du Laos, clo Direction Generale de la Jeunesse et des Sports, RP. 268 Vientiane, Laos. Cables: Fal Dirsports, Vientiane. Founded 1958. LEBANON (C) Federation Libanaise d'Athletisme, P.O. Box 5601, Beyrouth, Liban. Founded 1945. Cables: Katorikan-BEYRUT.

27 LIBERIA (C) Liberia Track and Field Federation clo National Sports and Athletic Co'mmission P.G. Box 502, Monrovia, Liberia, W. Mrica. ' Founded 1955. LIBYA (C) Libyan Amateur Athletic Federation P.G. Box ?79, Tripoli, Libya. ' Cables: Llbyolympic Athletic. Founded 1962. (D) Llechtenstem Tum-und-Leichtathletik-Verband ' FL-9496 Balzers Nr. 104, Liechtenstein. Cables: Turnverband Vaduz. Founded 1936. L (B) Federation Luxembourgeoise d'AthIetisme Case Postale 1?5, Luxembourg. ' Cables: Athletic, Luxembourg. Founded 1928. MADAGASCAR (C) Federation Malagasy d'Athletisme RP. 717, Tananarive, Madagascar.' Founded 1962. MALAWI (D) Athletic Association of Malawi, clo Mmlstry of Local Govt., Dept. of Sport ' P.O. Box 452. Blantyre, Malawi. Cables: Sport, Malawi. Founded 1967. MALAYSIA (B) Amateur Athletic Union, Wlsma Putra, Kementerian Luar Negeri Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ' Founded 1906. Reformed 1963. MALI CC) Federation Malienne d'AthIetisme RP. No. 595, Bamako, du Mali Cables: FedathIetisme Bamako, Mali. . Founded 1960.

29 28 (D)

MALTA .. Malta Amateur Athletic ASSOCIatIOn, 7 Ignatius Junction, Sliema, Malta, G.C. d d 1928 Cables: Athlete. Foun e . .. MAURITIUS Mauritius Sports ASSOCiatIOn, 22 Lislet Geoffroy Street, Louis, Mauritius. Cables: M.S.A. Mauritius.

(D)

Founded 1952.

(A) MEXICO . Federacion de Atletismo, Plaza de la Repl1blica No. 43 Desp. 106, Mexico 1, D.F. Mexico. F d d 1933. Cables: Depormex. oun e (D)

MONGOLIA . The Athletic of the Mongohan People's Republic, . Mongolian Athletic Federation, 55 Baga Toirog, Ulan Bator; Founded 1961. Mongolian People's Republic. (C) MOROCCO . d'A hl't' Federation Royale Marocame t e Isme, 4 rue Charles Tissot, Rabat, Morocco. F d d 1957 Cables: Federmat, Rabat. oun e . (D)

NAURU .. Nauru Amateur Athletic Association, Office, N auru, Founded 1967. Box 33, Central PaCIfic.

NETHERLANDS (A) Koninklijke Nederlandsche Athletiek-Unie, Nachtegaalstraat 67, Utrecht, Netherlands. Founded 1901. NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (D) Nederlands Antilliaanse Athletiek Unie, clo H. Prince. P.O. Box 304, Willemstad, Curacao, N.A. Founded 1934. Cables: N.A.A.U. Reformed 1962. NEW HEBRIDES (D) New Hebrides Amateur Athletic Association, clo Post Office, Port Vila, New Hebrides, Pacific Islands. Founded 1965. NEW (AA) New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association (INC.) P.O. Box 741, Wellington, New Zealand. Cables: Amathletic, Wellington. Founded 1887. NICARAGUA (D) Federacion Nicaraguense de Atletismo, clo Dr. Marvin Caldera, Apartado 3261, Managua, Nicaragua. Cables: Marvin-Calsa-Managua. Founded 1940. NIGER (D) Federation Nigerienne d'Athletisme, RP. 215, Niamey, Niger. Founded 1961. NIGERIA (A) Amateur Athletic Association of Nigeria, P.O. Box 211, Lagos, Nigeria, W.A. Cables: Athletics, Lagos. Founded 1944. NORTH KOREA. (C) Amateur Athletic Association of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Moonsin-Dong 2, Dongdaiwon District, Pyongyang, Korea. Cables: DPRKAthletic.

30 NORWAY Norges Fri-idrettsforbund, Youngstorget 1, Oslo 1, Norway. Cables: Fri-Idrett.

31 (AA)

Founded 1896.

PORTUGAL

Portuguesa de Atletismo, Prac;a da Alegria 6-3 0 EO Lisbon, 2, Portugal.

PAKISTAN (A) Pakistan Amateur Athletic Federation, 99A Pringle Road, Lahore, West Pakistan. Cables: Athletics, Lahore. Founded 1947.

PUERTO RIC-o Puerto Rico Athletic Federation, a.p.o. Box 800, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00936.

PANAMA Federacion Panameiia de Atletismo, Apartado 3503, Panama 1, Republic of Panama. Cables: Fepat.

QATAR Qatar Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 80, Qatar. Cables: Sports Committee, Qatar.

(B)

Founded 1945.

PAPUA & NEW GUINEA (D) Papua New Guinea Amateur Athletic Union, P.O. Box 93, Rabaul-Papua New Guinea. Founded 1961. PERU ..l Federacion Peruana de Atletismo, Casilla No. 2732, Lima, Peru. Cables: Atleperu.

(B)

Founded 1927.

PHILIPPINES tB) Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation, Rizal Memorial Field, Vito Cruz Street, P.O. Box 2272, Manila, Philippines. Cables: Paafmanila. Founded 1961. POLAND Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, Warszawa, ul. Foksall9. Cables: Pezla Warszawa.

(AA)

Founded 1919.

RHODESIA Rhodesia Amateur Athletic Union, P.O. Box 8316, Causeway, Rhodesia.

(B) Founded 1921. (B) Founded 1947. (D) Founded 1963. (C)

Founded 1901.

RUMANIA (A) Federatia Romina de Atletism, Str. Vasile Conta nr. 16, Bucharest, Roumania. Cables: Sportrom. Founded 1912. EL SALVADOR (D) National Athletic Federation of El Salvador, clo National Olympic Committee of El Salvador, Apartado Postal No. 759, San Salvador, El Salvador, C.A. Founded 1943. SAUDI ARABIA (D) Saudi Arabia Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 956, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Founded 1963. SENEGAL (D) Federation Senegalaise d'Athletisme, B.P. 1737, Dakar, Republic of Senegal. Founded 1960.

32 SIERRA LEONE (D) Sierra Leone Amateur AtWetic Association, clo National Sports Council of Sierra Leone P.O. Box 1181, Freetown, Sierra Leone. ' Cables: Athletics, Freetown. Founded 1951. SINGAPORE (D) Singapore Amateur AtWetic Association, Newton, P.O. Box 33, Singapore 11. Founded 1934. SOUTH AFRICA (AA) South African Amateur AtWetic Union P.O. Box 1261, Pretoria, South Africa. ' Cables: Atleet. Founded 1895. SPAIN (A) Real Federacion Espaiiola de Atletismo , calle Miguel Angel 16, Madrid (10), Spain. Cables: Fedatleti, Madrid. Founded 1918. SUDAN (C) Sudan Amateur AtWetics Association, P.O. Box 1773, Khartoum, Republic ofthe Sudan. Cables: Gowa, Khartoum. Founded 1959. SURINAM Surinaamse AtWetiek Bond, Secretariat P.O. Box 487, Paramaribo, Surlname.

(D)

Founded 1955.

SWEDEN (AA) Svenska Fri-IdrottsfOrbundet, Humlegardsgatan 17, Stockholm 0, Sweden. Cables: Friidrott, Stockholm. Founded 1895. SWITZERLAND (A) Federation Suisse d'AtWetisme Amateur Hirschengraben 8 CH-301t, Berne, Cables: AtWetisme, Berne. Founded 1905.

SYRIA Syrian Athletic Federation, Box 421, Damascus, Syria.

(D)

Founded 1949.

TAIWAN (C) Taiwan National Track & Field Association, P.O. Box 4130, Taipei, Taiwan. Cables: Trackfield. Founded 1914. TANZANIA (C) Tanzania Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 2172, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, E. Africa. Cables: UtamaOuni. Founded 1954. TCHAD (D) Federation Tchadienne d'Athletisme, RP. 496 Fort Lamy, Republique du Tchad. Cables: Jeunesse et Sports (Lamy) Founded 1963. THAILAND (C) Amateur Athletic Association of Thailand, The National Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand. Founded 1948. TOGO Federation Togolaise d'Athletisme, Institut Dag Hammarskjoe1d, 30 rue Alsace Lorraine, Lome, Togo.

(D)

Founded 1963.

TONGA (D) Tonga Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 83, Nuku'Alofa, Tonga. Cables: Athletic Association, Tonga. Founded 1962.

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TRINIDAD & TOBAGO (C) Amateur Athletic Association of Trinidad & Tobago, Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad, W. Indies. Cables: Athletics, San Fernando, Trinidad. Founded 1945. TUNISIA Federation Tunisienne d'Athletisme, 53 Rue de Marseille, Tunis, Tunisia. Cables: Athletisme, Tunis. TURKEY RT.G.Md. Atletizrn Federasyonu, Ankara, Turkey. Cables: Atletizm Spor Ankara.

UGANDA (q Uganda Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 2163, Kampala, Uganda. Cables: UAAA Lunono Stadium Kampala. Founded 1925. UNION OF SO)''IET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (AA) Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertnyi pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. Cables: Sojuzsport, Moscow. Founded 1924. UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC (A) United Arab Republic Amateur Athletic Federation, 13, Kasr El Nil Street, Cairo, U.A.R. Cables: Olympiad, Cairo. Founded 1910. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (AA) Amateur Athletic Union of the United States of America, A.A.U. House, 231 West 58th Street, New York 10019, D.S.A. Cables: Amathletic, New York. Founded 1888.

UPPER VOLTA Federation Voltaique d'Athletisme, RP. 772, Ouagadougou, . Republic of Upper Volta.

(D) Founded 1961.

URUGUAY (B) Confederacion Atletica del Uruguay, Canelones 982, Montevideo, Uruguay. Cables: Atletica. Founded 1918. VENEZUELA (A) Federacion Venezolana de Atletismo, Velodromo Teo Capriles, La Vega, Caracas, Venezuela. . Cables: Colimpico. Founded 1948. VIET-NAM (D) Vietnam Amateur Athletic Federation, No. 3 Duong Hong-Bang, Box 45, Saigon, Cholon, Vietnam. Cables: FAVN, Saigon. Founded 1951. VIRGIN ISLANDS (D) Virgin Islands Track and Field Federation, P.O. Box 1703, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. Cables: Vitrack, St. Thomas. Founded 1963. WESTERN SAMOA (D) Western Samoa Amateur Sports Federation, P.O. Box 286, Apia, Western Samoa. Founded 1962. YUGOSLAVIA (AA) Federation Yougoslave d'Athletisme, Belgrade, Str. Bana 73a, Yugoslavia. Cables: ASAY, Belgrade. Founded 1921. UMillA

Zambia Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 987, Kabwe, Zambia. Founded 1949. Reformed 1964.

DIVISION 11 CONSTITUTION of the INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION

The Constitutional Rules which appear below incorp orate numerous amendments recommended by the Recodification Committee and approved by Congress 1968. These involved some changes in the arrangement of _the Rules, and the new Rule numbers are listed below. Rule 1.

DEFINITIONS

THE INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION

OBJECTS

MEMBERSHIP

5. 6. 7.

OFFICERS COUNCIL

COMMITTEES

LANGUAGES

CONGRESSES

10.

ALTERAnONS TO RULES

1l.

SUSPENSIONS AND REINSTATEMENTS

12.

COMPETITIONS UNDER LA.A.F. RULES AND QUALIFICATIONS OF COMPETITORS

13.

AREA AND GROUP CHAMPIONSillPS

14.

EXPENSES

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RULE 1

RULE 3

Definitions

Objects The objects of the Federation shall be: l.-T0 establish friendly and loyal co-operation between all Members for the benefit of amateur athletics throughout the world. 2.-To strive to ensure that no racial, religious, political or other kind ofÂˇ discrimination be allowed in athletics and to take all necessary measures to stop such discrimination. 3.-T0 strive to secure that there shall be no hindrance to the participation bf any country or individual in international athletic competitions on racial, religious or political grounds. 4.-To compile rules and regulations governing international competitions for men and women in amateur athletics. 5.-To ensure that all contests between Members including Area and Group Championships or Games shall be held under the laws and the rules of the LA.A.F. 6.-To affiliate national governing bodies. 7.-To decide any dispute that may arise between Members if called upon to do so. 8.-To co-operate with the Organising Committees of the Olympic Games in carrying through the organisation of the athletic competitions and as delegated by the LO.C. to supervise and control all the technical arrangements. 9.-To frame regulations for the establishment. of World and Olympic records and such other amateur atWetic records as Congress agrees may be recognised.

the masculine gender shall mclude the femImne and the singular shall include the plural. Athletics: T!ack and field athletics, road runnmg,. walking and cross country mnmng. I.A.A.F: Amateur Athletic FederatIOn. Member: Any National Governing Body affiliated to the I.A.A.F. I.O.e.: International Olympic Committee. Area and Group (a) Olympic Games. Championships (b) World Championships. or Games: (c) Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games. i (d) Any other Championships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined Group.

RULE 2 The International Amateur Athletic Federation The . shall comprise duly elected national goyermng bodIes for amateur athletics which agree to abIde by the rules and regulations of the I.A.A.F. RULES 1-2

RULE 3

40 RULE 4 Membership 1.----:National Governing Body for amateur athletIcs m any country or territory shall be eligible for membership. O.nly one Member for each country or territory may be shall be recognised by the affilIated, and such lA.A.F.. as natIOnal governing body for all In such country or territory. The JUrISdIctIOn of Members shall be limited to the political boundaries of the country or territory they represent. 2.-Application for membership together with' a copy of the Constitution and rules of the national be submitted to the Council, which governing body shall. have power .to elect to membership provisionally, pendmg confirmatIon at the next Congress meeting. 3.-Membership shall be divided into five groups and any new Member admitted to the lA.A.F. shall be as the Congress may decide. The placed. in such rollowmg groupmg was agreed at the Mexico Congress In 1968 and shall remain as such until altered by a subsequent Congress:GROUP "AA" (8 Votes) Australia Italy Canada Japan Czechoslovakia New Zealand Finland Norway France Poland German Democratic South Africa Republic Sweden Germany U.S.A. Gt. Britain & U.S.S.R. Northern Ireland Yugoslavia Hungary RULE 4

Argentine Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Denmark Eire Greece India Jamaica Mexico

Afghanistan Austria Ceylon Chile Colombia Cuba Iceland Iran Israel

Algeria Bahamas Burma Ethiopia Ghana Guyana Indonesia Ivory Coast Kenya Korea Lebanon Liberia Libya

GROUP "A" (6 Votes) Netherlands Nigeria Pakistan Rumania Spain Switzerland Turkey U.A.R. Venezuela GROUP "B" (4 Votes) Luxemburg Malaysia Panama Peru Philippines Portugal Puerto Rico Uruguay GROUP "C" (2 Votes) Madagascar Mali Morocco North Korea Rhodesia Sudan Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Uganda

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GROUP Albania Antigua Barbados Bermuda British Honduras Brunei Cambodia Cameroons Central African Republic Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Kinshasa) Costa Rica Dahomey Dominican Republic Ecuador Fiji Gabon Gambia Gaza Gilbraltar i Guatemala Guinea Honduras Hong Kong Jordan Kuwait Laos

"D" (1 Vote) Liechtenstein Malawi Malta Mauritius Mongolia Nauru Netherlands Antilles New Hebrides Nicaragua Niger Papua & New Guinea Qatar El Salvador Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Singapore Surinam Syria Tchad Togo Tonga Upper Volta Viet-Nam Virgin Islands Western Samoa Zambia

4.-The annual fees from each Member affiliated to the LA.A.F. shall be paid in advance on 1st January in accordance with the following groups:Each Member in Group"AA" shall pay ... £100 "A" " " ... £60 " "" 'loB" ... £30 " " " t,.,C" " " £10 '" " " " " " "'D" £5 " " " " "

Any member whose subscription is unpaid on the 31 st DECEMBER shall be liable to be struck off the list of Members or suspended at the discretion of the Council. No representative can be authorised to take part in any meeting of the Congress or Committees if the subscription of- the Member he represents is more than twelve months in arrears. Members shall not be permitted to organise or to take part in Area and Group Championships if their subscriptions are in arrears. 5.-For the purpose of electing the Council, or any area Committee, in accordance with Rule 6 (1) Members are divided into the following Continental Areas or Regions:

AFRICA Algeria Cameroons Central African Republic Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali

Mauritius Morocco Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Senegal Sierre Leone South Africa Sudan Tanzania Tchad Togo Tunisia Uganda U.A.R. Upper Volta Zambia

44 ASIA Afghanistan Kuwait Brunei Laos Burma Lebanon Cambodia Malaysia Ceylon Mongolia Gaza North Korea Hong Kong Pakistan India Philippines Indonesia Qatar Iran Saudi Arabia Israel Singapore Japan Syria Jordan Taiwan Korea Thailand Viet-Nam ,AUSTRALASIA Australia New Zealand Fiji Papua & New Guinea Nauru Tonga New Hebrides Western Samoa EUROPE Albania Iceland Austria Italy Belgium Liechtenstein Bulgaria Luxemburg Czechoslovakia Malta Denmark Netherlands Eire Norway Finland Poland France Portugal German Democratic Rumania Republic Spain Germany Sweden Gibraltar Switzerland Great Britain & Turkey Northern Ireland U.S.S.R. Greece Yugoslavia Hungary

NORTH AMERICA Antigua Guatemala Bahamas Honduras Barbados Jamaica Bermuda Mexico Nicaragua British Honduras Canada Panama Costa Rica Puerto Rico Cuba Trinidad & Tobago Dominican U.S.A. Republic Virgin Islands El Salvador SOUTH AMERICA Argentine Netherlands Antilles Brazil Peru Chile Surinam Colombia Uruguay Ecuador Venezuela Guyana RULE 5 Officers

I.-The President and the Honorary Secretary shall be elected by the Congress, each for a term of four years. These Officers shall be ex officio members of all committees. 2.-In the administration of the affairs of the Federation, the Council may delegate to the President and Honorary Secretary power to act in a case of urgency in any financial matters, provided that the Council isÂˇ advised at the earliest opportunity of any action so taken. The President and Honorary Secretary shall be entitled to indemnify themselves out of the funds of the Federation in respect of any loss so incurred. 3.-The Council may appoint such additional Honorary Officers as it may deem necessary for the purpose of carrying out the administration. RULE 5

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47 RULE 6 Council

I.-The Council shall consist of fifteen members as under:(a) The President of the I.A.A.F. (b) The Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. (c) Seven members elected as individuals from different Member countries other than that of the President and Honorary Secretary. (d) One representative from each of the following six Area Groups: AFRICA ASIA AUSTRALASIA

EUROPE NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA

(The grouping of Members for this purpose is shown in Rule 4.) Apart from the President and Honorary Secretary, not more than one member of the Council may come from anyone country. 2.-All elections for the Council shall take place at Congress by means' of secret ballots. The elections shall be held in the following order: (i) President. (ii) Honorary Secretary. (iii) Six Area Group Representatives. A separate ballot shall be held for each Area Group, and only the Members included in the Group under Rule 4 shall be eligible to vote. (iv) Seven individuals. 3.-All nominations for the Council shall be received by the Honorary Secretary of the LA.A.F. not later than three calendar months prior to the date of the Congress at which elections will take place. RULE 6

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4.-The term of office of the Council shall be four years with the powers and duties as set out hereafter. 5.-The Officers and members ofthe Council shall serve until their successors are elected and take office. 6.-If during the first two years of the term of office a vacancy arises in the Council, a substitute shall be elected at the next Congress for the residuary period. 7.-In the absence of the President, the Honorary Secretary shall preside. 8.-The President, Honorary Secretary and each member of the Council shall have a vote. The President, in the case of a tie in the voting, shall have a second or casting vote. 9.-The Council shall meet at least once a year. Its powers and duties shall include the following:(a) To administer the affairs of the I.A.A.F. (b) To submit to each biennial Congress a report, together with audited statements of accounts and balance sheets for the preceding period and a budget for the succeeding two years. (c) To examine any proposals from Members or Committees which are to be discussed at Congress and to submit such reports thereon as they think fit. To submit to Congress any other proposals they may deem desirable. (d) To make decisions in urgent matters relating to allÂˇ rules. Any such decisions must be reported to the next Congress. (e) To summon a Special Congress to deal with any special case of great importance requiring an urgent decision. (f) To decide any dispute that may arise between Members which may be referred to it by any of such Members.

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(g) To grant provisional affiliation to new Members. (h) To exercise the powers of Suspension and Re-

instatement as set out in Rule 11.

(i) To notify Members of the imposition of any

penalties by either Congress or Council.

(j) To maintain a register of World, Olympic and

such other amateur records as Congress may decide to recognise. (k) To control and supervise the athletic technical organisation at the Olympic Games. (l) To appoint such additional Honorary Officers as it may deem necessary for the purpose of administering the affairs of the LA.A.F. (m) To appoint representatives of the LA.A.F. to the Federation Internationale de Medecine Sportive Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne and other bodies of a similar nature. RULE 7 Congresses I.-The Congress of the I.A.A.F. shall consist of the President, two Vice-Presidents elected for the Meeting only, the HonorarY Secretary and any other Honorary Officers, members of the Council and not more than three delegates from each Member. 2.-A I\:1ember shall represented only by its delegates. Notlce of the appomtment of delegates certified in by the Member they represent, must be lodged WIth the Honorary Secretary prior to the commencement of the Congress Meeting. A delegate shall be a citizen of the he represents and shall not have competed as a professIOnal; nor shall he have acted as a professional coach, unless his coaching activities have ceased for at least one year and he is presently engaged in an administrative capacity for his national governing body for athletics. A. shall represent only one Member. RULE 7

3.-Members included in Group "AA" shall be entitled to eight votes each; those in Group "A" to six votes each; those in Group "B'.' to four votes each; those in Group "C" to two votes each, and those in Group "D" to one vote each. Only delegates of Members shall have power to .vote and votes shall be recorded by one delegate only from each Member (See Rule 4 (3) for Groups of Membership). 4.-Members shall be entitled to register votes as soon as their affiliation has been ratified by Congress. 5.-The Congreยงs shall be convened biennially and the venue shall be fixed at the preceding meeting. 6.-A Special Congress may be called by the Counci I and shall be called if not less than one-third of the Members give notice in writing to the Honorary Secretary stating they desire such a meeting and the reasons relating thereto. Upon receipt of any such notice, the Honorary Secretary shall summon a meeting of the Congress within three months. 7.-The President shall preside at all Congress meetings. In his absence the meeting shall appoint one of the elected Vice-Presidents. 8.-The Congress only shall have power to approve or alter any constitutional rule. All additions, amendments or alterations to the Constitution Rules must obtain two-thirds of the voting power of those present and such two-thirds must also represent at least one third of the total voting power of the LA.A.F. 9.-The Congress shall elect by secret ballot, for a period of four years unless otherwise decided by Congress, the following Committees: Technical Committee Women's Committee, Walking Committee, Cross Country and Road Running Committee. Other Committees may be appointed by Congress as necessary.

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Number of members of such committees and the functions, powers and duties of these bodies shall be laid down in accordance with Rule 8. Scrutineers for ballots shall be appointed from the delegates to Congress. All nominations for these committees shall be sent to the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. not later than three calendar months prior to the date of Congress at which such will be made (See Rule 8). lO.-Contmental, Area or Group Committees may be formed for each of the six Groups listed under Rule 4 (para. 5). Such Committees shall be elected by Regional Congresses and the result of all elections notified to the Honorary Secretary. Each' of such Committees shall draw up its own rules relating to its constitution and .(which shall in all cases be limited to operation wIthm Its own area ,and in no sense conflict with any I.A.A.F. rule). These rules must be submitted to the to .the next Congress Council for approval for amendment or ratIficatIon. RegIOnal Committees shall render reports of their activities to Congress every two years. ll.-In recognition of valued services given to the I.:\.A.F..Congress sh,H be entitled to elect an Honorary PresI.dent not more than three Honorary Life VIce-PresIdents, wIthout voting power. RULE 8 Committees (a) Technical Committee.-The Technical Committee

to whom all questions concerning competition rules shali be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 15 individuals from various countries. It shall meet when by Honorary Secretary and shall report Its recommendatIOns to Congress. (b) Women's Committee.-The Women's Committee to whom all questions concerning women's athletics shad RULE 8

be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals from various countries. It shall meet when summoned by the Honorary Secretary and shall report its recommendations to Congress. (c) Walking Committee.-The Walking Committee, to whom all questi@ns concerning Walking shall be referred, shall consist of a Chairman and 10 individuals from various countries. It shall meet when summoned by the Honorary Secretary and shall report its recommendations to Congress. (d) Cross Country and Road Running Committee.The Cross Country and Road Running Committee, to whom all questions concerning cross country, .road running and Marathon shall be referred, shall conSIst of a Chairman and six individuals from various countries together with three 'nominees of the International Cross Country Union and one nominee of the Balkan Cross Country Committee. It shall meet when sum.moned by the Honorary Secretary and shall report Its recommendations to Congress. (e) Medical Committee.-The. Medical Committee. to whom all questions of a medIcal nature concernmg athletics shall be referred shall consist of a Chairman and 6 individuals from various countries. It shall meet when summoned by the Honorary Secretary and shall report its recommendations to Congress. RULE 9 Languages

At all Congress Meetings each Member may speak in his own language, translations being made only into French and English as required. The Constitution and the Rules and Regulations, Minutes, Reports and othe.r communications shall be in such languages as the Councll shall decide. In all cases of any difference in the interpretation of the text the English version shall be accepted. RULE 9

52 RULE 11

RULE 10

Suspensions and

Alterations to Rules

I.-The Council shall have the power to suspend any Member or athlete from international competition until the next meeting of the Congress, and the Congress shall likewise have the power to suspend any Member or athlete from international competition for so long as shall be stated in its decision. Before exercising its powers under this rule the Council or Congress must notify the Member or athlete (through the Member) of any alleged infringement of the Rules and afford an opportunity to the Member or athlete of being heard. 2.-0n the application of any Member, the Council may reinstate any athlete who by reason of any infringement of the I.A.A.F. Rules has been declared ineligible to take part in competition under LA.A.F. Rules. Any application for reinstatement must be forwarded to the Honorary Secretary of the LA.A.F. by the Secretary of the Member responsible for the athlete concerned. Such application shall give in detail the circumstances leading to the ineligibility and the reasons advanced for reinstatement.

I.-Constitutional Rules. Proposals for alterations or additions to the constitutional rules of the LA.A.F. may be made only by a Member or by the Council and must reach the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. at least six calendar months prior to the Congress at which they are to be considered. The proposals shall be sent to Members at least four calendar months before such Congress. No proposals shall be considered by Congress without the notice specified herein. 2.-Technical Rules. Proposals to amend the technical rules, rules for Women's competitions and rules for ':Valking, Cross-CountI)Y and Road Running competitIOns must be sent to' the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. so as to reach him at least six months prior to the Congress at which they are to be considered. He shall submit them to the appropriate committee defined in Rule 8, for advice and recommendations. to t1:}e technical rules will normally be by tongress every four years, at the time of the OlympIc Games, and will not become effective until after the Games. A report containing the recommendations of the Technical Committee will be circulated to all Members at least three months before the Congress held at the time of the Olympic Games.

International Meetings and Competitors Competing Abroad

4.-When alterations to technical rules are adopted by Congress or decided upon by Council as an urgent matter under Rule 6, paragraph 9 (d), a fixed date for the operation of the said amendments should be stated, such date to allow adequate time for all member countries to put them into operation simultaneously.

I.-At the following International Meetings, the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. must apply: (a) Olympic Games and World Championships. (b) Other Area and Group Championships. (c) Matches between two or more Members.

RULE 10

RULE 12

RULES 11-12

54 , 2.-At Meetings in the categories (a) and (b) above Members shall be represented only by native born, naturalised or registered citizens or by athletes otherwise acquiring citizenship by the procedure legally recognised in that country except as provided in paragraph 8 of this Rule in regard to citizens of colonies or dominions.. 3.-AlI International Meetings or any meetings in which any foreign athlete takes part must be sanctioned by the LA.A.F. or by a Member.

4.-ln sanctioning any International Meeting, Members should draw the attention of the promoter to the importance of his observing all the I.A.A.F. Rules and should not normally give permission to any promoter who has previously failed to observe the rules. 5.-Members in authorising International Meetings under their jurisdiction shall insist that all prizes are of lasting value, are intended for the athlete himself and shall not exceed the value of V.S. $100 (or its equivalent in other currencies). 6.-(a) No athlete or club may take part in an athletic meeting in a foreign coUntry without the written approval of his governing body and no Member shall allow any foreign athlete to enter any competition without such permit certifying that he is an amateur and permitted to compete in the country concerned. (b) Any athlete competing in any foreign country (other than in international meetings as above defined) shall, in respect to that competition, be subject to the athletic laws of that country.

7.-All negotiations for the participation of an athlete in another country shall be carried on through the Members concerned and in no circumstances shall any invitation be extended directly or indirectly to an athlete by any individual, club, college, university or other organisation.

55 The only exception to the foregoing shall be where a Member shall authorise one of its member clubs to communicate with the club of another country concerning the participation of one or more of its athletes, and authorisation shall be granted on the express condItion that the MembeT concerned is kept informed as to the context of the communications. 8.-Where the athlete of any member country receives a scholarship from an institution in another country, then as a condition to and before the athlete's governing body to. in shall grant the permission to ltule 12 para. 6 the President of the mstItutIOn grantmg the scholarship shall nrst submit to the Member in whose country the educational institution is located, full and detailed information of the nature and extent of the scholarship aid furnished to the athlete, for transmission to the Member of the athlete's home country. 9.-ln Area or Group Games, Members. be represented only by citizens by.birth or na!uralIsatIOn or registration of the country whIch the affilIated Member represents or by athletes otherwise acquiring citizenship by the procedure legally recognised in that country, they shall except in the case of citizens of a colony, country If such colony be eligible to represent the is not represented by membershIp of the LA.A.F. Having once represented any Member in an International Meeting, no contestant may thereafter represent any other Member except in the following CIrcumstances: (a) The incorporation of one country in another. (b) The creation of a new country ratified by tr:eaty. (c) The election to membership of the LA.A.F. ?f the national governing body of a colony not preVIOusly directly represented by a Member. (d) A change of citizenship of a woman by marriage.

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56 (e) A change of citizenship by becoming a naturalised

or registered citizen of another country or otherwise citizenship by procedure legally recogmsed ID that country, subject to having been a resident in that for at least three years from the date on WhiCh he last represented his former country. (A citizen of a dominion or colony who moves to the mother country, or a citizen of a mother country who moves to a dominion or colony, may qualify to represent his new country years' without acquiring citIZenshIp by naturalIsation or registration or other means if there is no legal provision for acquiring citizenship in such circumstances.) RULE 13 World, Area and Group Championships

LA.A.F. alone shall have the right to organise or sanctIOn World, Area or Group Championships for Athletics. 2.-The Olympic Games shall be regarded as World Championships. .i 3.-Sanction of the LA.A.F. is required for all Area or 9rouI? Championships and for any other athletic meetings ID WhICh teams fr0Il?- five more countries participate provIded by the rules. The applicatIOn for sanction must be made to the LA.A.F. accompanied by a fee of ÂŁ25 sterling (or its equivalent in other currencies) by the sponsoring Member for such sanction except for the Olympic Games and European Championships. All application forms must be completed in detail and lodged at the headquarters of the I.A.A.F. by registered post not later than TWELVE MONTHS prior to the date of the Games?r Group Championships in question. Orgamsmg Committees must ensure that countries to RULE 13

whom invitations are sent are in membership of the I.A.A.F. and countries desirous of participating must apply to the LA.A.F. for which must have been granted prior to their entry being accepted. Such applications must be received by the LA.A.F. Office at least three mqnths before the date of the opening of the promotion concerned. sh.all not sanction any Area or Group The ChampIOnshIps without first having obtained an unqualified undertaking that the necessary permission for where the games are visiting athlct.es to enter the to be held wIll be forthcommg sufficiently far ahead to eI!able them to travel and compete at the games. 4.-The LA.A.F. shall designate a representative to attend each or Group championships at the expense of the orgamsers to ensure that the rules and regulations of the. I.A.A.F. are with. The travelling expenses of representative shall be paid to him by the Orgamsers not later than fourteen days prior to his departure to the venue. The choice of airline shall be left to the discretion of the representative and in cases involving flights over one thousand five hundred miles class return air travel shall be provided. AccommodatIOn expenses shall also be paid by the Organisers not later final day of the championships or the athletic s.ectIOn of the games. Such representative shall render hIS report to the LA.A.F. within thirty days thereafter. (See also Rule 141 (4) re women competitors.) RULE 14 Expenses

I.-The following rules shall apply to the expenses allowed to any athlete competing in an international in Rule 12, or taking part' in an meetil!g as athletIc meetmg ID a foreign country. These shall be to the daily allowance and to the actual outlay for travelhng, meals and lodging. RULE 14

2.-The daily allowance for the out-of-pocket expenses to athletes during their stay in a foreign country must not exceed V.S. $2, or the equivalent in other currencies, and must be paid through the team manager. 3.-(a) National governing bodies must strictly control all financial transactions. (b) Payments must be made through the National governing bodies of the countries concerned and save in the exceptional circumstances set out below, no payments whatsoever may be made to the athlete himself nor to any person on his behalf. (c) The athlete's own National governing body may authorise the national governing body under whose jurisdiction he is for the time being competing, to refund expenses for travelling, to the athlete actual meals and lodging, and at the conclusion of the competition such national body shall forward to the LA.A.F. and to the athlete's national body a detailed statement of all such payments. (d) Where any advance payment is necessary to enable an athlete to obtain refreshment en route, or expend money on travelling or Jaccommodation which cannot be provided by supplying tickets or vouchers, this must be advanced to the athlete by his own governing body, who will obtain reimbursement from the governing body where the competition takes place. 4.-No monetary payment or other consideration of any nature may be made directly or indirectly for any person other than the athlete, whether friend, relative or otherwise in connection with or resulting from the entry, appearance or participation of the athlete in any event except that the expenses of the athlete's bona fide team manager or coach who will accompany the athlete to any competition may be paid. Such expenses, however, must be paid directly to such team manager or coach and may in no event be paid to the athlete, and shall not exceed the amounts allowable to the athlete hereunder and such

59 team manager or coach shall furnish to the athlete's national governing body the same detailed statement of all such payments made otherwise than through the athlete's national governing body as is required herein in respect of the athlete. 5.-The period of time in anyone calendar year for which an athlete may receive expense money is limited to 28 days exclusive of the time taken in travelling. Accumulation of these days from one calendar year to the next is not allowed. Competition in Area or Group Championships or where the athlete is representing his country in_genuine international matches against other countries is -excluded from this rule. Only the Council of the I.A.A.F. is empowered to grant extensions in exceptional circumstances. NOTEs.--(i) A match is one where with the authority of the governing bodies concerned the competition is announced as between teams representing two or more countries. Each team should be selected by the governing body concerned. A "touring" team consisting of a small number of athletes is not recognised as an international team for the purpose of this definition.

(ii) Assistance provided for an athlete's dependants in accordance with the I.O.c. Rule in respect of athletes' participation in the Olympic Games does not constitute a violation of the I.A.A.F. Rule. (iii) The provisions of Rule 14 do not apply to an athlete resident in a foreign country but only to one visiting a foreign country to take part in one or more competitions.

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60 RULES RELATING TO ELIGmILITY OF ATHLETES TO COMPETE UNDER INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION RULES RULE 51 An amateur is one who competes for the love of sport and as a means of recreation, without any motive of securing any material gain from such competition. RULE 52 Competition under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules is restricted to amateur athletes who are eligible to compete unc\er the rules as laid down by the International Amateur Athletic Federation. RULE 53 The following persons are ineligible to take part in competitions under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules. reaching the age of 16, Any person who, (i) has competed in; any sport for any pecuniary reward; . (ii) has taken part in any track or field event in which any of the competitors were, to his knowledge, ineligible to compete under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules; (iii) has ever received any pecuniary consideration for teaching, training or coaching in any sport; NOTE.-Physical education teachers whose work is solely educational and who are not paid directly or indirectly for the coaching of athletes for competitions are eligible to compete as amateurs.

RULES 51-53

(iv) has at any time been financially interested in any track or field event in which he was entered; (v) writes, lectures or broadcasts for payment upon any track or field event or competition without the prior permission of his national governing body. This permission must be given only in the case of a person who is genuinely making his main career in one or other of these activities; (vi) sells or pawns any of his prizes; (vii) receives, directly or indirectly, any compensation for using or recommending the use of any merchandise whatsoever; "merchandise" shall include anthing sold or any service supplied to the public; (viii) allows his name or his picture, whether static or moving, to be used directly or indirectly to advertise any merchandise; NOTE.-When and where it is proved that the name or the picture of the athlete was used for the purpose of this paragraph without his knowledge the indemnity to be collected from the person or persons responsible for the injury, privately agreed or stipulated by the Courts, will revert to the Federation to which the athlete belongs. (ix) while training or competing, displays on his person any advertising material other than the accepted name of his club or organisation, or takes on to any arena or course any form of advertising material. This rule shall apply to the competitors' numbers, clothing and travelling bags but does not apply to articles not clearly visible; (x) while a member of any club or other body under the jurisdiction of a national body affiliated to the International Amateur Athletic Federation competes in any foreign country at any meeting

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62 not recognised by the governing body of such country; (xi) takes part in any track or field event which is not sanctioned, recognised or certified by the Member in the country in which the event is held. (xii) accepts directly or indirectly any money or other consideration for expenses or loss of earnings, other than what is permitted under Rule 14. RULE 54 Any person who is, and for so long as he remains, ineligible to compete in competitions under the jurisdiction of his national governing body, is ineligible to compete under the rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. RULE 55 In any competition under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules the eligibility of any athlete competing shall be guaranteed by the governing body of the country to which athlete belongs.

DIVISION III ATHLETIC RULES for MEN'S AND WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS NOTE.-Material alterations to competition rules approved by Congress in 1968 are indicated by vertical lines in the page margins. Minor verbal amendments are not so noted. RULE 101

An international competitions shall be held under the

rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation and this shall be stated in all announcements, advertisements, programmes and printed matter. The rules as laid down shall be applicable to men's and women's competitions. NOTE.-It is recommended that National Associations should adopt the rules of the I.A.A.ÂŁ. for the conduct of their own athletic meetings. SECTION I Officials of the Meeting RULE III

The list laid down in this rule comprises those officials considered to be necessary for principal international meetings. The organisers are at liberty to vary this where local circumstances require. MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS

One Manager One Secretary One Technical Manager JURY OF APPEAL

RULES 54-55

RULES 101, 111

64 COMPETITION OFFICIALS

One Referee for Track Events One (or more) Referees for Field Events One Referee for Walking Events Four (or more) Judges for Track Events Four (or more) Judges for Field Events Four (or more) Judges for Walking Events Four (or more) Umpires for Track Events Three (or more) Timekeepers pne (or more) Starters One (or more) Recall Starters One or more Starter's Assistants or Marksmen. One (or more) Lap Scorers One Recorder One Marshal j

ADDITIONAL OFFICIALS

One (or more) Announcers One Official Surveyor One (or more) Doctors Stewards for Competitors, Officials and Press.

If deemed necessary, assistants may be appointed. Care should however be taken to keep the arena as free from officials as possible. Where women's events are held there shall be appointed as many women officials as may be appropriate, lncluding a woman doctor when possible. For the duties of officials see the following rules.

RULE 112 The Manager The Manager shall have charge of the Meeting and be responsible for the proper carrying out of the gramme. He shall see that all officials have reported for duty and when necessary shall appoint substitutes, and in co-operation with the appointed Marshal, arrange that only authorised persons are allowed in the centre of the arena. RULE 113 The Secretary -'The Secretary shall be responsible for the calling of the meetings of the executive and other committees, and shall prepare all miputes relating thereto. He shall be in charge of all administrative arrangements, and shall receive and conduct all principal correspondence relating to the Meeting. RULE 114 The Technical Manager The Technical Manager shall act directly under the Manager of the Meeting and be responsible for seeing that the track, runways, circles, arcs, sectors and pits for field events are properly laid out, also that all equipment is according to specification and readily available for approval by the appointed Referee, and that scoring, result and time recording cards are prepared. (Also see Rule 116, para. 2, and Rule 126.) RULE 115 Jury of Appeal A Jury of Appeal shall be appointed, to whom all protests under Rule 147 shall be referred. Their decision shall be final. Decisions involving points which are apparently not covered by the Rules shall be reported subsequently by the President of the Jury to the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. RULES 112-115

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66 RULE 116 Referees

I.-Separate Referees may be appointed as required, for track, field and walking events. 2.-It shall be the responsibility of a Referee to that the rules are observed (also see Rule 114) an? decide any technical points which arise during the Meetmg, for which provision has not apparently been made. m these rules. The Referee shall have jurisdiction to decIde Judges the any placings in a race, only when disputed place or places are unable to arnve at a decIsIOn. (Also see Rule 117, para. 2, and Rule 146, para. 1.) 3.-Referees shall allocate Judges to events , if this has not been previously arranged, specIfymg the duty each should carry, out (e.g. circle, take-off board etc.); announce to the 'Judges and ensure the comoetitors are informed of the number of to allowed under the rules even if this has been prmted In the programme; supervise the measurements ?f performances; check the final results and deal With any disputed points. (Also see Rule 117, para. 1.) 4.-The appropriate; Referee shall have the power to he exclude any competitor for improper conduc.t shall decide on the grouÂĽd, any protest or objection as to the conduct of a competitor. (Also see Rule 118, Rule 122 and Rule 147.) 5.-If in the opinion of the Referee circumstances arise at any meeting so that justice demands that any event should be contested again, he shall have power .to agaIn, declare the event void and such event shall be either on the same day or on some future occaSIOn, as he shall in his absolute discretion decide. (Also see Rule 142, para. 6.) 6.-The Referee shall have power to the of the competition in any field event, If In hiS OpInIOn the conditions justify a change. Such a change shall be made only after a round is completed.

or.

RULE 116

7.-Upon completion of each event the result card shall be immediately filled in, signed by the Referee and handed to the Recorder. (Also see Rule 123.) RULE 117 Judges General I.-Subject to the rules laid down by the National Association and except in the case of the Olympic Games and European Championships, the organisers of the meeting shall appoint the Judges for the various events. The Referee shall allocate the duties among the Judges. (Also see Rule 116, para. 3.)

Racing Events 2.-The Judges, who must all operate from the same side of the track and preferably from the inside, shall decide the order in which the competitors finish, and in any case where they cannot arrive at a decision shall refer the matter to the Referee, who shall decide. (Also see Rule 116, para. 2.) NOTE.-The Judges should be placed at least five metres (or 16 ft. 6 in.) from and in line with the finish and, in order that they may have a good view ofthe finish line, an elevated stand should be provided. A photo-finish apparatus should be available for use whenever possible as an aid to the Referee and Judges. (See Note to Rule 162 para 11) Field Events 3.-The Judges shall judge, measure and record each valid trial of the competitors in all events in which the result is determined by height or distance. In the high jump and pole vault, precise measuremc;:nts should be made when the bar is raised, particularly if records are being attempted. At least two Judges should keep a record of all trials, checking their recordings at the end of each round.

RULE 117

68 Walking Events 4.-The Judges at the finish shall be responsible only for deciding the order in which the competitors finish. (Also see Rule 191.) RULE 118 Umpires (Track Events) I.-Umpires are assistants to the Referee, without power to give any decisions. 2.-It shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such , point as the Referee may determine to watch the competition closely and, in tcase of a foul or violation of the rules by a competitor or other person, to make an immediate report of the incident to the Referee. 3.-Umpires should also be appointed to undertake the duties of supervision in relay races at the take-over points. i

shall !let independently from one enter. theIr tImes, WIthout discussing times and WIthout showmg their watches to each other on the form specially made for this purpose a'nd, after the form, hand it to the Chief Timekeeper, who IS entitled to control the reported times on the watches. . (c) The

Timekeeper shall enter the reported on a blank schedule and shall fix the official time results m accordance with the provisions of this rule and provide for publication. _. (d) In the e-yent ?f two .of three official watches agree-

mg and the thIrd the time shown by the two shall. be the OffiCI3;1 time. If all three watches disagree, the tIme shown by the watch recording the middle time shall be the official time.

. (e). If .the. hand of the watch stops between the two hnes mdIcatmg the time, the longer time shall be accepted. If a 1j100th second timer is used the time shall be read from it to the nearest 0·1 second, i.e. 9·94 is read as 9·9 but 9·95 is read as 10·0.

RULE 119

(Also see Rule 195, para. 6 (b), for Pentathlon and Decathlon events.)

Timekeepers

2.-If for any reason only two watches record the time of an event, and they fail to agree, the longer time of the two shall be accepted as the official time.

1.-(a) There should be three official Timekeepers (one of whom should be the Chief Timekeeper) and one or two alternate Timekeepers who should time the winner of every event. The times recorded by the alternate Timekeepers' watches shall not be considered unless one or more of the official Timekeepers' watches fails properly to record the time, in which case the alternate Timekeepers shall be called upon, in such order as has been previously decided, so that, in all races, three watches should have recorded the official winning time.

RULES 118-119

(b) The

.3.-The time shall be taken from the flash of the pIstol t? the I?oment at which any part of the body of the competitor (l.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, 11 neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the perpendicular plane of the nearer edge of the finish line. 4.-.For .races up to and including one mile or its metnc eqUivalent, including relay races, the timing shall be to one-tenth second. For longer races the timing shall

be to one-fifth second, but shall be recorded by conversion into tenths of a second (i.e. two-tenths, fourtenths, six-tenths, eight-tenths). 5.-An electrical timekeeping device, approved by the National Association of the country where the competition is held, may be used. . An adjustment of ·05 of a second shall be made III the timing apparatus so that the watch starts ·05 second after the firing of the gun. As most electric apparatus times to 1/100 second following conversion table shall be used for returmng times required to the nearest one-tenth second: Electric To be timing returned as ' Sec. Sec. Sec. ·95 - ·04 ·0 ·05 - ·14 ·1 ·15 - ·24 ·2 ·25 - ·34 ·3 ·35 - ·44 ·4 ·45 - ·54 ·5 ·55 - ·64 ·6 ·65 - ·74 i ·7 ·75 - ·84 ·8 ·85 - ·94 ·9

and in line with the finish on the opposite side of the track to the judges, and in order that they may have a good view of the finish line an elevated stand should be provided wherever practicable. (2) It is desirable wherever possible also to record times for the second'and subsequent places, and also to record lap times in races of 800 metres and over, and, in addition, times at every 1,000 metres in races of 3,000 metres and over. (3) For World Records refer to Rule 148. RULE 120 The Starter and Recall Starters I.-The Starter shall have entire control of the competitors on their marks, and shall be the sole judge of any fact connected with the start of the race, except as provided in (3) below. 2.-In races where the competitors are not placed behind the same starting line (e.g., 200-400 metres or 220-440 yards races on circular tracks), the Starter should use a microphone connected with amplifiers such a opposite the starting line in each lane. device is not used the Starter shall so place hImself that the distance between him and each of the competitors is approximately the same. Where, however, the Starter cannot place himself in such a position, the pistol should be placed there and discharged by electric contact. (Also see Rule 162 for regulations relating to the start.) 3.-The Starter or any Recall Starter shall recall the competitors by the firing of a gun in any race if in his opinion the start was not a fair one.

Where timing is required to one-fifth second the following coversion table shall be used: Electric To be timing returned as Sec. Sec. Sec. ·85 - ·04 ·0 ·05 - ·24 ·2 ·25 - ·44 ·4 ·45 - ·64 ·6 ·65 - ·84 ·8 NOTE.-(1) It is recommended that the Timekeepers should be placed at least five metres (or 16ft. 6in.) from

. RULE 121 Starter's Assistants (or Marksmen) I.-The Starter's Assistants shall check that the competitors are competing in the correct heat or race and· that their numbers are worn properly, one on the breast

RULES 120-121 ./.

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and one on the back. They shall assist the Starter in any draw for stations. Stations in events at all distances shall be numbered from left to right, facing the direction of running. 2.-They must place each competitor in his correct lane or station, assembling the competitors on the starting line or, in races up to and including 1,500 metres (or 1 mile), on an assembly line 3 metres (or 10 feet) behind the starting line (in the case of races started in echelon, similarly behind each starting line), and when so placed they shall signal to the Starter that all is ready. When a fresh start is ordered the Starter's Assistants shall assemble the competitors again. 3.-The Starter's Assistants shall be responsible for the readiness of batons for the first runners in a relay I race. 4.-When the Starter has ordered the competitors to their marks, the Starter's Assistants must see that no competitor places either fingers, hands or feet on the starting line or in front of it. If any difficulty arises they must signal immediately to the Starter. (Also see Rule 162.)

RULE 122 Lap Scorers I.-A Lap Scorer shall keep a record of the laps covered by each competitor in races from 1,500 metres to 3 miles. For races exceeding 3 miles a number of lap scorers under the direction of the Referee shall be appointed and provided with lap scoring cards on which they shall record the times over each lap (as announced to them by the Chief Timekeeper) of the competitors for whom they are responsible. No Lap Scorer should record for more than four competitors. 2.-A special Lap Scorer shall be apppointed to notify to each competitor the number of laps which he still has to complete. He shall notify the final lap by the ringing of a bell or otherwise. RULE 122

- -

RULE 123 The Recorder The Recorder shall collect the result of each event together with ,the times or heights or distances, which shall be furnIshed to him by the Referee and Chief Timekeeper. He shall as soon as possible communicate the information to the Announcer and, after recording the placings, times, heights or distances, he shall hand the official result together with all cards to the Manager of the meeting. (Also see Rule 116, para. 7; and Rule 125.)

RULE 124 The Marshal The Marshal shall have full charge of the arena and shall not . allow any persons other than the officials , and competItors assembled to compete, to enter and remain therein. He shall control his assistants and assign to them their duties. He shall arrange for an enclosure to be provided for officials when not on duty. RULE 125 The Announcer

The Announcer shall give out to the public the names and numbers of the competitors taking part in each event, and all relevant information such as the composition of the heats, lanes or stations drawn, and mtermediate times. The result (placings, times, heights and distances) of each event should be announced at the earliest possible moment after receipt of the information from the Recorder. (Also see Rule 123.) RULES 123-125

_.-_._----_._--

74 RULE 126

3.-Except in the case ofArea Games or Championships (see (4) below), all women's entries must be accompanied by a certificate as to sex, issued by a qualified medical doctor recognised by the National Association, in the following form:

The Official Surveyor The Official Surveyor shall, immediately prior to the Meeting, survey the track and runways, and all the distances which are to be contested, also the cIrcles, arcs, sectors and other measurements relating to the field events. He shall furnish to the Technical Manager and the Referee, before the Meeting, certificates as to correctness. (Also see Rule 145, para. 4.)

Medical Certificate for Female Participants in Athletics (Rule 141 of the Regulations of the International Amateur Athletic Federation: "All women's entries must be accompanied by a certificate as to sex, issued by a qualified medical doctor, recognised by the National Association.")

SfCTION II

I HEREBY CERTIFY that . of . is qualified in accordance with the above-mentioned rule of the I.A.A.F. to compete in women's events. Signature of Medical Practitioner.. . Address .

RULES FOR COMPETITION

RULE 141 . Entries

..'

I.-Competitions under Rules are restricted to amateurs in accordance wIth the LA.A. F. Rules relating to the eligibility of athletes to compete. (Refer to Rules 51-55.) 2.-No competitor shall be allowed to cOI?pete outside his own country unless his amateur status IS in writing by the recognised governing ASSOCIation of his country, and he has permIssIOn such body to compete. In all international competItIOns such guarantee of the amateur status .of an shall be accepted as conclusive, for the tIme ,?em.g, of the lete's eligibility to compete; any ObjectIOn as to hIS status shall be referred to the I.A.A.F. (Refer to Rule 10.)

Date Signature of National Governing Body

. ..

Address Date

. .

4.-In the case of all Area Games or Championships (as defined in Rule 11) women's entries shall not be accompanied by a medical certificate, but the Organising Committee shall appoint a panel of three medical doctors and all participants in women's events shall appear before 11 the panel, who will be required to certify that they are qualified to compete in such events.

RULES 126, 141 -'

76 RULE 142

3.-ln all events competitors must wear clothing which is clean and so designed! and worn as not to be objectionable. The clothing must be m ade of a material which is non-transparent even if wet.

or 4 millimetres 0Âˇ16 in.) in diameter. A shoe strap over the instep is permitted. Competitors may not use any appliance either inside or outside the shoe which will have the effect of increasing the thickness of the sole above the permitted maximum of 13 millimetres (0'50 in.) or which can give the wearer any advantage which he would not obtain from the type of shoe described in the previous paragraph. 5.-Every competitor must be provided with two numbers to be worn visibly on the breast and back. The _numbers must correspond with the number in the programme. If track suits are worn in the competition numbers must be worn on the track suit in a similar manner. In the pole vault and high jump the competitors may wear the number on the back or front only. No competitor shall be allowed to take part in any competition without the appropriate number or numbers.

4.-Competitors may compete in bare feet or with footwear on one or both feet. The purpose of shoes for ,:;ompetition is to give protection and stability to the feet and a firm grip of the gtound; such shoes, however, must not be constructed so as to give the competitor any additional assistance. Competitors are not permitted to wear shoes which incorporate any spring or device of any kind or of which the sole, including grooves or ridges, has a total thickness exceeding 13 millimetres (0'5 in.). The thickness of the heel must not exceed that of the sole by more than 6 millimetres (0'25 in.) except in walking events, where shoes may be worn of which the thickness of the heel exceeds that of the sole by not more than 13 millimetres (0,5 in.). The sole and the heel may have grooves, ridges and/or spikes. The number of spikes is limited to a maximum of six in the sole proper and two in the heel. The part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel must not exceed 25 millimetres (1 in.) in length

6.-Any competitor jostling, running across or obstructing another competitor so as to impede his progress, shall be liable to disqualification. If in any race a competitor is disqualified for any of these reasons, the Referee shall have power to order the race to be re-run excluding the disqualified competitor or, in the case of a heat, to permit any competitors affected by the act resulting in disqualification (other than the disqualified competitor) to compete in a subsequent round of the race. If for any reason a competitor is hampered in a trial in a field event, the Referee shall have power to award him a substitute trial. (Also see Rule 116, para. 5.) . 7.-ln all races run in lanes each competitor should keep in his allotted lane from start to finish. This shallll also apply to any portion of a race run in lanes. (Also see Rule 166.) . 8.-lf the Referee is satisfied, on the report of a Judge or Umpire or otherwise, that a competitor has deliberately run outside his lane, he shall disqualify him; but if

The Competition I.-No performance accomplished by an athlete will be valid unless it has been accomplished during an official competition using only equipment authorised by the rules of the I.A.A.F. 2.-ln matches arranged between members of the LA.A.F. the number of trials in the jumping and throwing events may be reduced as desired; any such arrangement should be made previous to the meeting. (Also see Rule 171, para. 11, and Rule 181, para. 2.)

RULE 142

the Referee considers that such action was unintentional, he may at his discretion disqualify, if he is of the opinion that a material advantage was gained thereby. (See table below for theoretical advantages obtained by running from 1 to 10 strides from 5 cms to 30 cms inside the inner border of a lane round the curves.) Track 400 metres Stride 2.30 m. Number of Strides 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Advantage Gained by Encroaching t Centimetres on Inside of Lane t=5cm cm 0·4 0·7 1·4 1·8 2·2 2·5 2·9 3·3 3·6

t=lOcm t=15 cm t=30cm cm 0·7 1·4 2·2 2·9 3·6 4·4 5·1 5·8 6·5 7·2

cm 1·1 2·2 3·3 4·4 5·4 6·5 7·6 8·7 9·8 10·9

cm 2·2 4·4 6·6 8·8 10·9 13·1 15·3 17·5 19·7 21·9

This table shows, mathematically, the theoretical advantage gained by taking from 1 to)O strides inside the inner border of a lane. The distances are shown in centimetres. e.g. four strides 15 ems inside gives an advantage of 4·4cms.

9.-A competitor after voluntarily leaving the track or course shall not be allowed to continue in the race. lO.-Except with the prior approval of the Referee, no official or any other person within the arena shall indicate (luy intermediate times to competitors. 1l.-Except as provided in Rules 165 and 191 (Marathon races and long distance walking races), during the progress of an event no competitor shall receive any assistance whatsoever from any person.

12.-.Subjec.t to the provisions of paragraph 13, if a competItor mIsses his turn in a field event he shall not be permitted to take the trial so missed. ' 13.-If a competitor is entered in both a track event and field event, or in more than one field event taking place simultaneously, the judges may allow the competitor to take his trials in an order different from that decided up,?n prior to the start of the competition, but the competItor cannot demand to take all his trials in succession or to take any trials of the rounds in which he has failed to appear. _ 14.-A competitor in a field event who unreasonably -delays making a trial renders himself liable to have that trial disallowed, and recorded as a fault, and for a second at any time during the competition, to disqualificatIOn. It is a m':ltter for the Referee to decide, having regard to all the cIrcumstances, what is an unreasonable delay. !he times, which must not be regarded as ImperatIve, should not normally be exceeded: (a) In the case of the High Jump, Long Jump, Triple Jump, Shot, Discus, Hammer and Javelin, 2 minutes; and (b) In the case of the Pole Vault, 3 minutes. The competitor must be notified by the offiCial responsible when the period allowed for his trial has commenced. 15.-In order to obtain a better grip competitors in and throwing events are permitted to use the pole an adhesIve substance such as resin or a similar substance on their hands only. 16.-The Referee shall have the power to change the pla;ce of the competition in any field event, 'if in his opmion the conditions justify it. Such a change shall be made only after a round has been completed. 17.-Except in case of relay races run in lanes (see Rule 166), competItors may not make check-marks or

place objects on or the running track for their assistance. I8.-In international matches where the result of a match is to be determined by the scoring of points, the method of scoring will, unless otherwise agreed by all the competing countries before the meeting, be as follows: (a) Where there are two teams with two competitors in each event: 5, 3, 2, l' (b) Where there are three teams with two competitors in each event, or two teams with three competitors in each event, or six teams with one competitor in each event: 7, 5,4, 3, 2, 1. (c) In relay races with two teams: 5, 2. In relay races with three teams: 7,4, 2. In relay races with six teams: 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. NOTE.-The scoring system set out above is based on the number of athletes (or teams in relay races) entitled to compete in each event, and will not be changed if the number actually competing in any event is smaller. i,ULE 143

Rounds, Heats and Qualifying Competitions

Track Events I.-Preliminary rounds (heats) shall be held in track events in which the number of competitors is too large to allow the competition to be conducted satisfactorily in a single round (final). 2.-The heats and qualifying conditions shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the Meeting, except in the Olympic Games when the Council of the I.A.A.F. will act, and in the European Championships when the European Committee will act. The representatives of each nation shall be placed as far as possible in different heats, which shall be so arranged that not less than six competitors shall qualify for the final. RULE 143

NOTE.-It is recommended, when heats are being arranged, that the latest standard performances by the competitors be taken into consideration and the heats so arranged that normally the best performers should reach the final. 3.-In any where there are more competitors than can be placed in the first row, the draw for stations shall be by nations, when one competitor from each nation shall be placed in the order of the draw. Additional starters from any nation shall then be placed behind, in the same order. 4.-A competitor shall not be allowed to compete in a -heat other than the one in which his name appears, except in circumstances which in the opinion of the Referee justify an alteration. 5.-In all preliminary rounds, at least the first and second in each heat shall qualify for the next round. 6.-The following minimum times must be allowed when practicable, between the last heat of any round and the first heat of a subsequent round or final: Up to and including 220 yards 45 minutes Over 220 yards and up to and Including 1,000 metres 90 minutes Over 1,000 metres .. , 3 hours Field Events 7.-In any field event, a qualifying competition may be held. if necessary, to decide who shall compete in the competition proper. The qualifying conditions shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the Meeting except in the Olympic Games when the Council of the LA.A.F. will act, and in the European Championships when the European Committee will act. The competitors shall compete in the order drawn by lot and where possible their names shall be placed in the programme in the order drawn. At the end of the qualifying competition, the order for competing in the competition proper shall be determined by a fresh drawing by lot.

--------------

RULE 144 Doping

I.-Doping is the employment of drugs with the intention of increasing athletic efficiency by their stimulating action upon muscles or nerves, or by paralysing the sense of fatigue. Their use is strongly deprecated not only on moral grounds but because of their danger to health. 2.-Any competitor who uses drugs as defined above shall be suspended from active participation in amateur athletics for such period as the Council of the LA.A.F. shall prescribe, and any person aiding or abetting in the' use of drugs shall be permanently excluded from any ground where the rules! of the I.A.A.F. are in force. 3.-All selected athletes must present themselves immediately after an event to an anti-doping test if such test is ordered by the organisers of the meeting or by the responsible authority approved by the national governing body or by the LA.A.F. Any athlete found.o have contravened para. 2 or refusing to submit to the test shall be disqualified from the competition and reported to his national gOVfÂˇrning body and to the I.A.A.F. RULE 145 Measurements and Weights

I.-All measurements must be made with a certified steel tape or bar graduated in centimetres and/or quarter-inches, and all implements must be weighed on a governmentally approved balance. 2.-ln measuring the distances of throwing, putting and jumping events, that part of the steel tape recording the distance achieved must be held by an official at the take-off point, the circle or scratch line. Distances, if RULES 144-145

measured in metres, shall always be recorded to the nearest centimetre below the distance covered, i.e., fractions less than one centimetre must be ignored, except that in the case of the discus, hammer and javelin throws , distances shaH be recorded in even 2 centimetre . units (e.g. 62Âˇ44, 62Âˇ46, etc.) to the nearest untt below. Distances, if measured in feet, shall be recorded to the nearest quarter-inch below the distance covered, except that in the case of the discus, hammer and javelin throws, distances shall be recorded in units of 1 inch, to the nearest inch below. In jumping for height, all measurements shall be made -:perpendicularly from the ground with a certified steel tape or bar to the lowest part of the upper side of the bar.

NOTE.-For measurements for World Records for all field events, see Rule 148 (4) (d). 3.-A scientific measuring apparatus, such as a datum line measurer, the accuracy of which is approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the country where the events are held, may be used. 4.-ln events over roads the course shall be measured one metre from the verge of the road and in the direction of the race. A certificate of correctness shall be furnished by the official surveyor-see Rule 126. It is recommended that a wheel of exact circumference which will record on a counter the number of revolutions be used. The speed of operation of the wheel should not exceed 3 miles or 5,000 metres per hour and the counter must be checked against a stretch of road-not running track-not less than one kilometre in length accurately measured by surveyor's chain or steel tape. See also Rules 126, 165 and 191.

NOTE.-Instructions setting out the recommended method of measuring road courses may be obtained on application to the office of the I.A.A.F.

RULE 146

Example-

Ties

High Jump

Ties shall be decided as follows:

5'10"

Track Events I.-In the event of a tie in any heat which affects the qualification of competitors to compete in the next round or final, where practicable, the tying competitors shall both qualify, failing which they shall compete again. In case of a tie for first place in any final, the Referee is empowered to decide whether it is practicable to arrange for. the so tying to compete again. If he decIdes It IS not, the r\f:sult shall stand. Ties in other placings shall remain.

Field Events .J

2.-In jumping or vaulting for height: (a) The competitor with the lowest number of jumps

at the height at which the tie occurs shall be awarded the higher place. (b) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the

lowest total of failures throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place. (c) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the lowest total number of jumps (whether successful or not) throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place. RULE 146

I. 78

I. 82

6'0"

Metres

1. 85

I. 88

6'1"

A xO. 0 BOO 0 COO x D 0 - = Did not jump. 0

I. 90

1.92

1. 94

6'3"

6'4"

6'5"

Total failures

Total Jumps

xO xxO x xO xxO 0 xxO xxO xxO xxO xO Cleared. x = Failed.

xxx xxx xxx xxx

4 4 5

8 9

6'2"

Pos.

3 4 1

A, B, C and D all cleared 1·92 metres (6 ft. 4 in.) and failed at I ·94 metres (6 ft. 5 in.). The rule regarding ties comes into operation, and as "D" cleared 1·92 metres (6 ft. 4 in.) at his second attempt, the others taking three, he is declared the winner. The other three will tie and the Judges add up the total number of failures, up to and including the height last cleared, i.e., 1·92 metres (6 ft. 4 in.). "C" has more failures than "A" or "B", and is therefore awarded fourth place. "A" and "B" still tie and the Judges add up the total number of jumps up to and including the height last cleared, i.e., 1·92 metres (6 ft. 4 in.). "A" being awarded second place. (d) If the tie still remains:

(i) If it concerns the first place, the competitors tying shall have one more jump at the height at which they failed, and if no decision is reached, the bar shall be lowered or raised to the heights which shall be announced; they shall then attempt one jump at each height 11 until the tie is decided. Competitors so tying must jump on each occasion when deciding the tie.

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- -

----

(ii) If it concerns any other place, the competitors shall be awarded the same place in the competition. 3.-In those field events where the result is determined by distance, the second best performance of the competitors tying shall decide the tie. If the tie still remains, the third best, and so on. (Also see Rule 148, para. 6.) It is recommended that in international matches, where two or more competitors tie, the rules for deciding ties should not apply, the points for the places concerned being shared. RULE 147 Protests I.-Protests concerning the status of an athlete to participate in a Meeting must be made, prior to the commencement of such Meeting, to the Jury of Appeal, or, if no Jury has been appointed, to the Referee. If the matter cannot be settled satisfactorily prior to the meeting, the athlete shall be allowed to compete "under protest" and the matter be referred to the Council of the LA.A.F. 2.-Protests relating fo matters which develop during the carrying through of the programme should be made at once, and not later than within thirty minutes after the result has been officially announced, or within fifteen minutes of the occurrence in a preliminary round. 3.-Any such protests must be made in writing by a responsible official to the Referee (who in case of necessity shall refer to the Jury of Appeal) accompanied by the deposit of one pound sterling or its equivalent before action is taken. The deposit will be forfeited if the protest is considered to be frivolous. (Also see Rule 115.) RULE 148 World Records I.-When a World Record is to be claimed, the LA.A.F. member in the country where the record perRULES 147-148

87 formance was made shall proceed without delay to collect all the information required to establish the record. 2.-The official application form of the LA.A.F. shall be filled in and forwarded to the LA.A.F. office within six months. If the application concerns a foreign athlete a duplicate of the form shall be sent to the National Association of the athlete in question. 3.-A World Record shall be accepted if the application form is submitted by the member where the record was made and is certified by the Referee, Judges and Recorder of the Meeting as to: place; date; time of day; state of weather; condition of track or field; force and direction of wind; level or gradient of ground; correctness as to the distance covered by the competitor in a race; correctness of announced time, distance or height, weight, measurement and material of implement and that the athletic rules of the lA.A.F. have been strictly followed. 4.-The following conditions shall apply to all World Records: (a) The record has been approved by the National Association of the country where the record was made. (b) The record must be made out of doors, and must not have been made on a wooden surface. Running and walking records may be made only on a track which is not banked and will be recognised only if the track has a raised border as specified in Rule 161 (1) or in the case of a grass track only if it is marked and flagged in accordance with Rule 161 (1).

official Timekeepers, as provided in Rule 119 (accepted by the National Association as such), whose watches must have been exhibited to the Chief Timekeeper for confirmation of the time recorded. Times recorded by approved electrical timing devices (see Rule 119) may also be accepted. (d) Records in field events must be measured by three Field Judges with a certified steel tape, graduated in centimetres, or by a scientific apparatus approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the country where the games are held. Measurements for W orid Records for field events must be made dnd submitted in metres to the nearest centimetre below, except that in the case of the discus, javelin and hammer throws the distances shall be recorded in even 2 centimetre units to the nearest unit below (e.g. 62Âˇ44, 62,46, etc.)

For the information 01 member countries these records will shown in feet and inches, the conversion being made to the nearest quarter inch. (e) The record must be made in a bona fide scratch competition which has been duly fixed and advertised before the day and is included' in the printed programme of the meeting together with the names of the entrants for the event, and has been sanctioned, recognized or certified by the I.A.A.F. Member for the country in which the event is held. A race must be stated over one distance only. It is, therefore, not considered a bona fide scratch competition if any of the athletes compete at a shorter distance than others in the same race.

In deciding whether the competition was a bOlla fide one the International Amateur Athletic Federation will consider whether the claimant was unfairly assisted towards the time accomplished by pacing from another competitor designed to assist him to achieve a record. It is permissible for the same atWete to accomplish in the same race any number of records but it is not permissible for an athlete to be credited with a record at a shorter distance if he did not finish the race over the full distance for which the race had been fixed. In field events a handicap may be combined with the Scratch competition. ' (f) The OrganIsers of the competition shall refrain from stating or including in any advertisement, programme or written matter of any kind, any suggestion that any event will be an attempt upon a record. (g) For the 200 metres and 220 yards (including hurdles) there shall be two separate classes of records; those made on a straight course, and those on a course with bends. Records over these distances in races not started on a perimeter shall be classified as made on a straight course. Records made on tracks of more than 440 yards perimeter shall be classified as straight course records unless at least 100 metres -110 yards-is run round bends. F or any record at any distance over 220 yards to be recognised the track on which it was made must not exceed 440 yards in perimeter and the race must have started on some part of the perimeter. The limitation as regards perimeter does not apply to steeplechase events where the water jump is placed outside a normal 400 metres or 440 yards track.

90 On any track with more than 8 lanes, records made in any lane beyond the eighth shall in the 200 metres or 220 yards be classified as "Straight course" records, and at distances over 220 yards shall not be accepted. For walking records the track must be an oval from 350 metres (minimum) to 500 metres (maximum) with two curves and two straights from 60 metres (minimum) to 120 metres (maximum). For all records up to 220 yards and for the long jump and triple jump, information as to wind conditions must be available. If the component of the wind measured in the direction of the racing behind the competitor exceeds 2 metres (6 ft. 6 in.) per second the record will not be accepted.i The periods for which the wind component shall be measured are as follows; from the report of the pistol: Seconds 100 yds. or 100 m.... 10 11 100 m. hurdles.; 13 110 m. or 120 yds. hurdles 15 }straight and hurdles

In 200 metres or 220 yards (including hurdles) run on a curve, the component shall be measured for a period of 10 seconds, commencing as the runners enter the straight. In the Long Jump and Triple Jump it shall be measured for a period of 5 seconds from the time a competitor passes a mark placed alongside the runway, in the case of the Long Jump 40 metres and in the case of the Triple Jump 35 metres, from the take-off board; or if the competitor runs less than 40 or 35 metres, as the case may be, from the time he commences his run.

In each case the average wind speed during the prescribed period will be calculated. (h) The record must be better than or equal the result in the latest Wodd Record list, in the event in question. If a record at a longer distance is better than the. existing record for a shorter distance, a claim may be submitted for records at both distances. (i) In a race run in lanes, no record will be accepted where the runner has run on or inside the inner curved border of his lane. (j) In the case of women's records all applications must be accompanied by a medical certificate as to sex, drawn up by a qualified medical doctor recognised by the National Association of the athlete claiming the record. (k) A relay record may be made only by a team whose members are citizens of a single member country. Citizenship may be obtained in any of the ways referred to in paragraph 2 of Rule 12. A colony which is not in separate membership of the lA.A.F. shall be deemed for the purpose of this rule to be part of its mother country. 5.-Records for the Pentathlon and Decathlon will be accepted only if the performance in each event, of which the Pentathlon and Decathlon consists, is certified in accordance with the preceding paragraphs of this rule, except that records for Pentathlon and Decathlon may be recognized, even though the force of the wind exceeded 2 metres per second in any of the events. 6.-Records made in heats or qualifying competitions, in deciding ties, and in individual events in Pentathlon and Decathlon competitions will be accepted. 7.-The President and Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. together are authorised to recognise World Records. If they are in any doubt whether or not the record should be accepted, the application shall be referred to the Council for decision.

-------- --

SECTION III

The I.A.A.F. will inform the member applying for a World Record of the acceptance of the record or will state the reason why the record was not accepted.

RUNNING EVENTS

RULE 161

8.-The LA.A.F. office shall keep lists of the World and Olympic Records. These lists shall be revised once a year and a copy forwarded to each member of the LA.A.F. 9.-Members of the lA.A.F. shall keep a list of the National Records in their own countries. Copies of these lists shall be forwarded to the LA.A.F. office in January each year. NOTE.-(I) The official World Record plaques, as designed by the I.A.A.F. for presentation to World Record holders, will be supplied by the I.A.A.F. provided National Associatipns remit the cost. (2) Refer to Rule 381 as to the events for which World Records are approved. (3) It is recommended that National Associations should adopt similar rules to the above for the recognition of their own records.

RULE 149 Official Implements I.-In all international competitions the implements used must comply with the specifications for official implements adopted by the LA.A.F. set out in Rules 201-216. 2.-All such implements shall be provided by the organisers of the meeting. No competitor is allowed to use any other implements, with the exception of vaulting poles and starting blocks, in which case they may use their own, provided these comply with the conditions laid down in the rules. (Also see Rules 173 and 215: Rule 181, para. 9.) -

RULE 149

Track and Lanes (See diagram) I.-The running track should be not less than 7·32 metres (24 ft.) in width and if possible be bordered on the inside with cement, wood or other suitable material, 5 centimetres (2 in.) in height, and not more than 5 (2 in.) in width. Where it is not possible for the inner edge of the running track to have a raised border, the inner edge shall be marked with lines of chalk 5 centimetres (2 in.) in width. Where it is a grass track it shall also be flagged at intervals of 5 metres (or 5 yards). Flags must be so placed on the chalk line as to prevent any competitor running on the chalk line and they shall be placed at an angle of 60 degrees with the ground away from the track. Flags approximately 25 centimetres (10 in.) by 20 centimetres (8 in.) in size mounted on a staff 45 centimetres (18 in.) long are the most suitable for the purpose. A

WOOD OR_ ( .) CONCRETE 2,f

-r . lr - i--:-----f------------------.

. '

5o """, ('2:')

2'00"'1'" (I·)

-1-.

GI\OUNP

-t---L LEVEL

MEASUll.elllENT LINe: INNER L"'NE

1.12.. (.. FT)

I·'''.. (.. FT)

r :

TAPE 0/\ CHALK

MEASUI\EMENT LINE ALl. OTHEP.

l. ... NES.

RULES 161

------- ---------

94 See Rule 148(4) (b) for requirements for recognition of

W orId Records.

2.-The measurement shall be taken 30 centimetres (1 ft.) outward from the inner border of the track or where no border exists 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the line marking the inside of the track-but see (l) above. 3.-(q) In all races up to and including 440 yards, each competItor shall have a separate lane, with a minimum width of 1Âˇ22 metres-4 feet-and a maximum width of' 1Âˇ25 metres-4 feet 11 inches-to be marked by lines of chalk or similar substance, 5 centimetres-2 inchesin width. The inner lane shaH be measured as stated in paragraph 2 above, but the remaining lanes shall be measured 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the outer edges of the chalk lines.

NOTE.-The chalk line on the right hand only of each lane shall be included in the measurement of the width of each lane. (See diagram.) (b) In 4 X 400 metres, or 4 X 440 yards relay races, lap as well as tlle part of the second lap as far as the the eXIt from the first 6end of the second lap will be run entirely in lanes. In. 4 200 metres or 4 X 220 yards races, the first tW? stages as well as the part of the thIrd stage up to the eXIt from the first bend of the third stage will be run entirely in lanes. The competitors are free to take over any position on the track at the entrance to the followin<T straight which shaIl be marked with a flag set on a p;st at least 1Âˇ50 metres (5 ft.) high on each side of the track and a line 5 centimetres (2 in.) wide across the track. The distance from start t? finish shall be measured in such a way that the competmg teams shall each run the same distance of 4 x 400 metres (4 x 440 yards) or 4 x 200 metres (4 x 220 yards). (See also Rule 166, para. 4, and Rule 142, para. 7.)

95 In the 4 x 400 metres or 4 X 440 yards relay, where only two teams are competing, it is recommended that only the first bend of the first lap should be run in lanes. (For recommended method of setting out the starts see diagram.) (c) In all Arep. Championships, European Championships and Olympic Games, the 800 metres (880 yards) event shall be run with the first bend in lanes, the maximum number of available lanes being used. The starts shall be so staggered that the distance from start to finish shall be the same for each competitor. (For recommended method of setting out the starts see diagram.) NOTE.-In intern4fional matches the use of lanes will be by agreement between the competing countries. 4.-The direction of running shall be left-hand inside. 5.-In international meetings the track should allow for at least six lanes. 6.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of tracks shall not exceed 1 : 100 and in the running direction 1 : 1,000. NOTE.-It is recommended that where possible the length of the track should be not less than 400 metres or 440 yards and the width should allow for eight lanes, particularly in major events, such as the Olympic Games and Area Championships.

97 SETTING OUT STARTS FOR 800 METRES (880 YARDS) WHERE FIRST CURVE IS RUN IN LANES.

>0_ A

FINISH UNE

STARlS IN RESPEcnVE LANES C POINT AT WHICH TANGENT FROM Y MEETS 30 CENllMETRE UNE IN INSIDE LANE

B: 11: POINTS OF DENOUEMENT FROM LANES

As the runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes on entering the back straight the starting positions must care for two.ifactors. Firstly the normal echelon allowance which would be applicable were the race to be of 200 metres starting at the same point on the track; and secondly an adjustment to the starting point in each lane to compensate for the runners in the outside lane having farther to go to reach the inside position on the track at the end of the back straight than those in the inside lanes. The following method of arriving at the starting position in each lane is recommended. 1. Mark BI in the inside lane at the point of entry into the back straight 30 centimetres (12 in,) from the inside kerb.

2. Fix point Y, which is the point in the outer lane in prolongation of the line A BI 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the inner line of the lane.

3. Fix point C, which is the point on the path of the runner, namely 30 centimetres (12 in.) from the inside kerb at which the back straight ends and the next curve commences.

4. With radius C BI describe an arc across the track BI X. This line must be flagged at each end to indicate to the runners that they may leave their lanes at this stage. . For la.nes 2 to 6 this point can be determined by the mtersectlOn of BI X and the path of the runner which is 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the line marking the inside of his 5. The correct adjustment to the starting positions can now be determined. The normal starting position in each lane for a 200 metre race must be advanced by the distance the points of denouement from the lanes, viz.: B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 are in advance of the line BI Y. An indication of the distance by which the normal starting position in each lane must be advanced can be seen from the following calculations, where each lane is the standard width of 1·22 metres and the straight is 80 metres long:

Lane 1 + zero. " 2 + 1 cm. " 3 + 3·5 cm. " 4 + 8·4 cm. " 5 + 14·5 cm. " 6 + 23·5 cm. " 7 + 33·5 cm. " 8 + 44·5 cm.

SETTING OUT STARTS AND CHANGE OVER AREAs FOR 4 X 400 METRES (4 X 440 YARDS) RELAY WHERE ONE LAP PLUS ONE CoMPLETE CuRVE IS RUN IN LANES.

3.-The take-over zones for the second and last takeovers will be the normal 10 metre lines either side of the start/finish line A.A. . RULE 162

The Start and Finish C

30CMS

A â&#x20AC;˘ -

LINE STARTS IN FIRST RELAY

- MIDDLE OF FIRST TAKEOVER ZONE IN EACH LANE

/JI. IS IDENTICAL WITH SÂˇ

I.-Since the runner in each team has to cover the full lap in lanes and the second rut:mer has to keep in his lane until entry to the back straIght, the method described to set out starts for 800 metres should be followed to determine the first take-over zones, which will be within two lines set out 10 metres either side of At A2 AS etc. 2.-Echelon starting positions for the first runner in each team must be set out as follows: Inside lane SI identical with AI. S2 =A2 plus normal stagger Lane 2 for 400 metres. =AS plus normal stagger Lane 3 for 400 metres. =A4 plus normal stagger Lane 4 for 400 metres. and so on.

.-The and finish of a race shall be denoted by a. line marked m 5 centimetres (2 in.) in width at nght angles to the Inner edge of the track. The distance _of the race shall be measured from the edge of the startline further from the finish, to the edge of the finish line nearer to the start. Two white posts shall denote the extremities of the finish line and shall be placed at least 30 centimetres (1 ft.) from the edge of the track. (For apparatus see Rule 216.) In all races not run in lanes the starting line shall be curved so that wherever it occurs on the track all the runners start the same distance from the finish.

RULE 162

100

2.-All races shall be started by the actual. report of. a pistol or any similar apparatus fired upwa.rds lI!-to the au;, but not before all the competitors are qulte stdl on theu' marks. 3.-At all international meetings, the words of the Starter in his own tongue shall in races up to and including 880 yards be "On your marks", "Set", and when all Competitors are "Set", the pistol shall be fired. In races over 880 yards, the words shall be "On your marks" and when all competitors are steady, the pistol shall be fired. 4.-If for any reason the Starter has to speak to any competitor after the competitors are on their marks, he shall order all competitors to stand up and the Starter's assistants shall place them on the assembly line again. 5.-0n the command "Set" all competitors shall at once and without assume their full and final set position. Failure to comply with this command after a reasonable time shall constitute a false start. 6.-If a competitor leaves his mark with hand or foot after the words "On your marks" or "Set" as the case may be, and before tpe pistol is fired, it shall be considered a false start. 7.-Any competitor making a false start must be warned. If a competitor is responsible for two false starts or three in the case of the Pentathlon or Decathlon, he shall be. disqualified. 8.-The Starter or any Recall Starter who is of the opinion that the start was not a fair one, shall recall the competitors with a shot. NOTE.-In practice, when one or more competitors makes a false start, others are inclined to follow and, strictly speaking, any competitor who does so follow has also m,!de a false start. The Starter should warn only such competltor or competitors who in his opinion were responsible for the false start. This may result in more than one competitor being warned. If the unfair start is not due to any competitor, no warning shall be given.

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9.-Starting blocks may be used. If starting blocks are used, both feet must be in contact with the track while in the "set" position. Competitors may use their own starting blocks. I.O.-Unless. in the opinion of the Referee it is undeSIrable because of the direction and the velocity of the wind, worsted shall be stretched across the track between the finish posts 1Âˇ22 metres (4 ft.) above the ground and fastened to the posts for the purpose of assisting the and Judges in placing the competitors. It shall be ImmedIately above the edge of the finish line which is to the start. I.-The competitors shall be placed in the order in whIch any part of their bodies (i.e. "torso" as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reach the nearer edge of the finish line as defined above.

NOTE.-A photo-jinish camera should be used wherever 11 possible; when it is used, it must be referred to before a final decision is arrived at. 12.-In any race decided on the basis of the distance covered in a fixed period of time the Starter shall fire the pistol exactly one minute before the end of the race. to competitors and judges that the race is neanng Its end. At exactly the appropriate time after shall signal the end of the race by the .start,. the agam firing the PIstOl. All the Timekeepers will immediately stop their watches. The Starter shall be by the Timekeeper. At the moment the pIstol IS fired to SIgnal the expiration of the time the Judges appointed for that purpose shall mark the exact spot where each competitor touched the track for the last time before or simultaneously with the firing of the pistol. The distance achieved shall be measured to the nearest metre or yard behind the rear edge of the last footprint of the competitor. One Judge at least must be

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102 assigned to each competitor before the start of the race for the purpose of marking the distance achieved. (Also refer to Rules 120, 121 and 215.)

Hurdle Races

I.-The following are the standard distances: MEN WOMEN In yards 120, 220, 440 In metres 110, 200, 400 In metres 100, 200 2.-MEN. There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out in accordance with the following table: *Height of Hurdle j

Metres 110 200 400

Distance from scratch line to first hurdle

Minimum Maximum Cm. Cm. Metres 106·4 107·0 13·72 75·9 76·5 18·29 91·1 91·7 45

Distance between hurdles

Metres 9·14 18·29 35

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

Metres 14·02 17·10 40

Ft. In. Yards Yards Yards Yards Ft. In. 10 15 3 6·126 15 3 5·89 120 2 6·118 20 20 20 2 5·882 220 2 11·867 3 0·102 49·25 38·25 46·5 440 *Refer to Rule 213 for construction and standard heights of hurdles.

RULE 163

Distance of race

*Height of Hurdle

Minimum Maximum Metres Cm. Cm. 100 83'7 84'3 200 75·9 76·5

RULE 163

Distance of race

WOMEN. There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out as follows: Distance from saatch line to first hurdle

Distance between hurdles

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

Metres Metres Metres 13 8·5 10·5, 16 19 13

NOTE.-The tolerance allowance above and below the standard heights is to allow for variation in the manufacture of the hurdles. 3.-All races shall be run in lanes and each competitor shall keep to his own lane throughout. 4.-A competitor who trails his foot or leg alongside any hurdle or jumps any hurdle not in his own lane or deliberately knocks down any hurdle by hand shall be disqualified. 5.-Except as provided in paragraph 4 of this rule the knocking - down of hurdles shall not disqualify nor prevent a record being made. 6.-In establishing a World Record a complete set of hurdles of the international type must have been used. (Refer to Rule 213.) RULE 164 Steeplechase I.-The standard distances shall be: In metres-3,OOO (l mile 1,520 yards 2 ft. 8' in.). In miles-2 miles (3,218'65 metres). *Refer to Rule 213 for construction and standard heights of hurdles. RULE 164

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105

2.-There shall be 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps included in the 3,000 metres event, and 32 hurdle jumps and 8 water jumps in the 2 miles event. 3.-The water jump shall be the fourth jump in each lap. If necessary the finish line shall be moved to another part of the track. NOTE.-Owing to the water jump having to be constructed on the arena inside or outside the track, thereby lessening or lengthening the normal distance of. tke laps, it is not possible to lay down any rule specijymg the exact length of the laps nor to state precisely the position of the water jump. It should be borne in ';lind .that there must be enough distance from the startmg lme to the first hurdle to prevent the competitors from overcrowding and there should be approximately 68 metres or 76 ya:ds from the last hurdle to the finish line. EXAMPLE: The following measurements are given as a guide and any adjustments necessary should be made by lengthening or shortening the distance at the starting point of the race. It is assumed that a lap of 400 metres or 440 yards has been shortened by 10 metres or 10 yards by construfling the water jump inside the track. Distance from starting point to commencement of 1st laP. to be run without jumps Distance from commencement of 1st lap to 1st hurdle From 1st to 2nd hurdle From 2nd to 3rd hurdle .. . From 3rd hurdle to water jump .. . From water jump to 4th hurdle .. . From 4th hurdle to finishing line.. .

Lap of 390 metres 270 metres 10 m. 78 m. 78 m. 78 m. 78 m. 68 m.

7 laps of 390 m. =2730 m. 3000m.

5.-The hurdles shall be not less than 91·1 centimetres (2 ft. 11 ·867 in.) nor more than 91·7 centimetres (3 ft. 0·102 in.) high and shall beat least 3·96 metres (13 ft.) in width. The section of the top bar of the hurdles, and the hurdle at the water jump, shall be 127 millimetres (5 in.) square.. The weight of each hurdle shall be between 80 kilogrammes (l7(}l lb.) and 100 kilogrammes (220! lb.) Each hurdle shall have on either side a base between 120 centimetres (3 f1. 11·244 in.) and 140 centimetres (4 ft. 7·118 in.). (See Diagram).

MURDL.E

Lap of 430 yards 80 yds.

10 yds. 86 yds. 86 yds. 86 yds. 86 yds. 76 yds. 8Iaps'--of 430 yds. = 3440 yds.. 3520 yds. =(2 miles)

4.-The distance from the starting point to the commencement of the first lap shall not include any jumps, the hurdles being removed until the competitors have entered the first lap.

The hurdle shall be placed on the track so that 30 centimetres (1 f1.) of the top bar, measured from the inside edge of the track, will be inside the field. 6.-The .water jump, including the hurdle, shall be 3·66 metres (12 ft.) in length and width. The water shall be 70 centimetres (2 f1. 3i; in.) in depth immediately in front of the hurdle and slope to the level of the ground at the further end. The hurdle at the water jump shall be firmly fixed in front of the water and be of the same . height as the others in the competition. The bottom of the water jump shall be covered on the further end with a mat made from soft material which shall be 366 centimetres broad, at least 250 centimetres long and at least 30 millimetres thick.

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107 91Âˇ191Âˇ7CM

FIXED HURDLE

LEVEL _______ MATTING ;<

Ui !

I 70CM

---".:.-:.-.16cM

CONCRETE

OUTLET TO DRAIN

50CM

WATER JUMP

7.-Each competitor must go over or through the water, and anyone who steps to the one side or the other of the jump or trails his foot or leg alongside any hurdle. shall be disqualified. He may jump or vault over each hurdle, or place a foot on each hurdle and on the hurdle at the water jump. RULE 165 Marathon Race (42,195 metres-26 miles 385 yards) I.-The Marathon race shall be run on made-up roads; 11 when traffic or similar circumstances make it unsuitable, RULE 165

the course, duly marked, may be on a bicycle path or footpath alongside the road, but not on soft ground such as grass verges or the like. The start and finish may be within an athletic arena. NOTE.-See. Rule 145 (4) re measurement of course. 2.-Each competitor must send with his entry a medical certificate from a qualified doctor certifying his fitness to take part in a race of this kind, and shall be required to take a physical examination before the race by a qualified doctor who shall be appointed by the organisers. If the doctor considers it dangerous or inadvisable, the competitor shall not be allowed to start or to continue with the race. 3.-A competitor must retire at once from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff, officially appointed. 4.-The distance in kilometres and miles on the route shall be displayed to all competitors. 5.-Refreshments shall be provided by the organisers of the race at approximately 11 kilometres or 7 miles and thereafter at approximately every 5 kilometres or 3 miles. In addition, the organisers shall provide sponging points where water only shall be supplied, midway between two refreshment stations. No refreshment may be carried or taken by a competitor other than that provided or approved by the organisers. A competitor may submit to them the type of refreshment desired, and this, if approved, must then be handed in to the organisers at a time and place specified by them. It shall be available at the stations nominated by the competitor. The refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or so that they may be put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the refreshment points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification. (Also see Rule 142 para 11.)

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RULE 166 Relay Races I.-Chalk lines shall be drawn across the track to mark the distances of the stages and to denote the scratch line. 2.-Chalk lines also shall be drawn 10 metres (11 yards) before and after the scratch line to denote the take-over zone within which lines the baton must be passed. These lines are to be included in the zonal measurements. In races up to 4 x 220 yards (4 x 200 metres) members of a team other than the first runner may commence running not more (11 yards) outside the take-over zone. A .dlStmct!ve shall be made in each lane to denote thIS extended lllTIlt. In all relay races baton must be passed within the take-over zone. When a relay race is being run in lanes, a competitor may make a check-mark on the track within his own lane, e.g. by scratching with his shoe, but may not place marking objects on. or the track: Where track is of a matenal WhICh will not penmt scratchmg with a shoe, some adhesive paper or powder may be used, at the discretion of the judge. 3.-The baton must be carried in the hand throughout the race. If dropped, it must be recovered by the athlete who dropped it. 4.) The position of the teams at the start of the race stciil be drawn and shall be retained at each take over zone, except waiting can move to the ins}de position on the track as mcommg team-mates amve, provided this can be done without fouling. 5.-In events where the first part of the race is run in lanes competitors, after completing this part, are free to take up any position on the track. 6.-Competitors after handing over the baton should remain in their lanes or zones until the course is clear, to avoid obstruction to other competitors. Should any RULE 166

109

competitor wilfully impede a member of team by running out of position or .lane finish .of the stage he is liable to cause the dIsqualificatIOn of hIS own team. 7.-Assistance by pushing-off or by any other method will cause disqualification. S.-Once a team has competed in the preliminary rounds of an event the composition of the team must not be altered for any subsequent round or final, except in the case of injury or illness certified by the official medical officer appointed for the Meeting to be such.as to make it unwise for the competitor to run, when WIth the approval of the Referee it may be permitted. It is permissible for tbe order of running to be changed as between heats and succeeding rounds or final. No competitor may run two sections for a team. (Also see Rule 142.) RULE 167 Team Races I.-In team races the maximum number of starters whose comprising a team and the number of positions are to count shall be stated m the programme. 2.-If necessary, preliminary rounds may be held. 3.-Stations shall be drawn and the members of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the race. 4.-The composition of a team must not be changed after a heat has been run except in the case of injury or illness certified by the official medical officer appointed for the Meeting to be such as to make it unwise for the competitor to run, when with the approval ?f !he Referee it may be permitted. Only competItors finishIng the full distance are eligible to compete in the final. (See also Rule 166, para. 8.) 5.-The method of scoring shall be optional and may be anyone of the following: RULE 167

110

111

(a) By scoring the least number of points, according

to the positions in which the scoring members of a team finish. The finishing positions of the nonscoring members of a team shall be scored in computing the scores of other teams, but when a team fails to finish the requisite number to score, it shall be eliminated; or (b) By scoring the least number of points according, to the scoring positions in which the scoring members of a team finish. The positions of the non-scoring members of a team, whether it finishes all its members or not, shall be scored in computing the scores of other teams; or (c) By scoring the least number of points according to the in which the scoring members of a team finish. The finishing positions of the nonscoring members of a team, and the members of a team which fails to finish the requisite number to score, shall be eliminated; or (d) By scoring the lowest aggregate of the times recorded by the scoring members. J

6.-If two or more competitors tie for any place the points for the places .cqncerned shall be aggregated and divided equally among the competitors so tying. 7.-In case of a tie on points, the team whose last scoring member finished nearest to first place shall be the winning team. RULE 168 Cross-Country Races

General Rules. Owing to the extremely varying circumstances in which cross-country running is practised throughout the world, especially in regard to different seasons, climatic conditions and distances, it is impossible to lay down any RULE 168

rigid legislation for the world standardisation of this sport. The following rules, however, are intended as a guide and incentive to assist new countries to develop crosscountry running both as a sport in itself and as a training and field events. Except where stated adjunct to the rules should also apply to women's events. I.-Season. The cross-country season should normally extend throughout the winter months after the close of the track and field season. 2.-The Course. For championship and international events: (a) The race shall be run over a course confined, as far as possible, to open country, fields, heathland, commons and grassland. A limited amount of ploughed _land may be included. If the course passes through woodland without any clearly defined path or track it must be clearly marked for the runners. The traversing of road of any description should be limited to the minimum. (b) The course for championship events must be clearly marked, preferably with red flags on the left and white flags on the right, all of which must be visible from a distance of 125 metres (140 yards). In all other respects the appropriate rules governing track competitions shall obtain. (c) When laying out the course very high obstacles' should be avoided, so should deep ditches, dangerous ascents or descents, thick undergrowth and, in general, any obstacle which would constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition. It is preferable that artificial obstacles should not be used, but if the scope of the promotion renders them unavoidable they should be made to simulate natural obstacles met with in open country. In cases where there is a large number of com-

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113

112

petitors, narrow gaps or hindrances which would deny to the competitors an unhampered run must be avoided for the first 1,500 metres (1,640 yards). (cl) The course must be measured and the distance declared prior to the closing of entries. (e) The for a course and its marking by flags, detaIls of WhICh should appear in the programme, rests with the promoting body, who should appoint clerks of the course, umpires and pointsmen. at intricate parts of the course to direct competItors and see that they keep to the proper course. If, as the result of a number of competitors failing to follgw the course or for other reason, tu the oplnton of the Referee CIrcumstances arise so that justice demands that the race be contested again, he shall have power to declare the race void and order such race to be held again on some future occasion. NOTE-For events other than international competi'- tions the foregoing regulations governing the course may be modified according to local circumstances. 3.-Age It is recommended that competitors should be placed in age categories: (i) Senior-over 18 years of age on day of race. (ii) lunior-over 18 and under 21 years of age on day of race. (iii) Youths-over 16 and under 18 years of age on day of race. (NoTE.-In arranging details for a race it should be defined whether the age limits ruling are those on the day of the race or at the opening of the cross-country season). 4.-Distances. (a) The distance for seniors should not be less than

8 kilometres (approx. 5 miles), for juniors, not more than 10 kilometres (approx. 6 miles) and youths 5 kilometres (approx. 3 miles). (b) For National Championships it is recommended that the distances for seniors should be not less than 14i kilometres (9 miles), for juniors not more than 10 kilometres (approx. 6 miles) and for youths 5 kilometres (approx. 3 miles). (c) In international races the senior race should not be less than 12 kilometres (approx. 7i miles) and the junior race 8 kilometres (approx. 5 miles). (d) For women's events the distance shall be between 2,000 and 5,000 metres and should normally be 1,500 metres or one mile for juniors. 5.-Teams and Reserves. (a) For other than national championships and international competitions in general each team should be allowed to enter and run twice the number entitled to score, and, in addition, may enter reserves equal to the number to score. For example: In a race in which six a side have been nominated to score, each team may be allowed to enter and run twelve competitors with six nominated reserves. (b) For national championships it is recommended that in the senior race teams be entitled to enter fifteen, nine to run, six to score for points, and for the junior and youths' races twelve to enter, six to run, four to score for points. (c) For international senior races the governing body of member countries must enter a team of not less than six nor more than nine competitors' and five reserves. Not more than nine nor less than six runners shall be allowed to start in the race. For international junior races the governing body of member countries shall enter a team of

114

not less than three, nor more than five competitors and two reserves. Not more than five nor less than three runners from each country will be allowed to start in the race. (d) Except in international races it is recommended that entries from individuals should be accepted and members of depleted teams who on the day are unable to field the necessary scoring number may, if desired, be allowed to compete as individuals. (See para. 8 (b).) 6.-The Start. The race shall be started by the firing of a pistol. . In races which include a large number of competItors it is recommended that a five-minute warning before the start of the races should also be given by the firing of a maroon. 7.-No competitor in cross-country events is allowed to receive assistance or refreshment from any person during the progress of the race. 8.-Scoring j (a) At the conclusion of a race the shall the respectiveÂˇ places of the sconng competitors of each competing team, add these together and the team having the lowest aggregate shall be declared the winners. (b) In assessing the aggregate the positions of any individual runners may be ehmmated and subsequent finishing positions adjusted accordingly, but with large fields this is not recommended' (c) In the event of a tie it shall be resolved in favour of the team whose last scoring member finishes nearer the first place. 9.-0fficials. The following officials are considered to be necessary for principal international events but

115

organisers are at liberty to vary these where local circumstances require. Referee . Judge Judge's stewards . Timekeeper Timekeeper's recorder Starter Funnel controller Chief Funnel Judge Funnel Judge and recorder Funnel stewards Disc distributors Chief result recorder Result recorders Disc area stewards Press stewards Chief competitors' steward Competitors' stewards Chief clerk of course Prize stewards . SECTION IV JUMPING EVENTS RUNNING HIGH JUMP: RUNNING LONG JUMP';

TIDPLEJUMP;POLEVAuLT RULE 171 General Rules

General I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (Also see Rule 143, para. 7.) 2:-.In all events the length of the runway is The IDlmmum length provided for the runway In each case shall be as follows: RULE 171

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116

117 15 metres or 50 feet Running High Jump Running Long Jump } Triple Jump 40 metres or 130 feet Pole Vault NOTE: Where conditions permit the runways should not be shorter than the following: .. , 18 metres (57 ft. Running High Jump 3 in.) Running Long Jump } 45 metres (147 ft. '" 6 in.) Triple Jump Pole Vault ... 3.-In all jumping events competit.or shall be credited with the best of all his Jumps subject to conditions relating to ties. (Also see Rule .. 4.-The employment of weights or gnps of any kind IS forbidden. . 5 -The take-off ground about the Jump must be level. If portable mats are used, all references in the Rules to the level of the track or the take-off ground must be construed as referring to the level of the top surface of the mat. . !in' f 6.-The maximufn allowance for lateralmc atlOn 0 the runways for jumping events shall not exceed 1 : 100 and in the running direction 1 : 1,000. 7.-In the high jump a competitor may pla;ce (supplied by the Organising Committee) to assIst m his run-up and take-off and a handkerchIef or purposes. similar object on the cross bar for In the pole vault, long jump and tnple Jump, I}0 marks shall be placed on the runway, but 3; may place marks (supplied by the Orgamsmg alongside the runway. No marks shall be placed ID any pIt or landing area. .. . 8.-Before the commencement of competitions m jumping for height, the announce .to the and the different competitors the commenc.mg heights to which the bar WIll be raIsed at the end of each round.

?-A competitor may commence jumping at any heIght the minimum. height and may jump at his own . at any subsequent height. Three consecutIve fa;I1ures, regardless of the height at which any of such failur:es occur, disqualify from further jumping. NOTE.-The effect of this rule is that a competitor may forgo his second or third jumps or vaults at a particular height (after failing first or second time) and still jump at a subsequent height.

1D.-Even after all the other competitors have failed a competitor is entitled to continue jumping until he forfeited his right to compete further. ll.-Any measurement of a new height should be made before competitors attempt such height. In all cases of records the Judges must check the measurements after the height has been cleared.

NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before commencing the competition, that the underside and front of the cross-bar are distinguishable and that the bar is always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front. (Also see Rule 143.) Jumping for distance

12.-.Where there are more than eight competitors, each competItor shall be allowed three trials and the eight comthe best jumps shall be allowed three addltIoI}al tnals..In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competItor so tymg shall be allowed the three additional trials. 'Yhere there are eight competitors or fewer, each competItor shall be allowed six trials. (Also refer to Rule 142 para. 2.)

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119 118

RULE 172 Running High Jump i.-The competitor must take-off from one foot. 2 -Knocking the bar off the supports, or touching theÂˇground beyond the plane of the uprights with any part of the body without clearing the bar shall count as a failure. 3.-The uprights or posts shall not moved during the take-off the competition unless the Referee or landing ground has become unsUitable. In such a case the change shall be made only after a round has been completed. (For apparatus refer to Rule 201.)

RULE 173 Pole Vault I.-Any competitor may have the uprights -moved in either direction but they may not be moved more than 60 centimetres (2 ft.) from the prolongation of. the inside edge of the top of the stopboard. If the upnghts are moved the Judges should make a re-measurement to ensure that there is no variation in the height. (Also refer to Rule 145.) 2.-The take-off for the pole vault shall be a wooden or metal box which shall be sunk level with the ground. 3.-A competitor fails if he: (a) knocks the bar off the supports; or Cb) leaves the ground for the purpose of making a vault and fails to clear the bar; or RULES 172-173

the upper one or moves the upper hand hIgher on the pole; or (d) before off with any part of his or With the pole, the ground, including landmg area, beyond the vertical plane of the upper part of the stopboard. in an attempt the competitor's pole is broken It shall not be counted as a failure. . 5.-.No one shall be allowed to touch the pole unless it IS falhng away from the bar or uprights; if it is so touched the vault shall be recorded as a failure. may use their _own poles. No combe allowed to use any of the private poles petItor except With the consent of the owner. (For apparatus see Rules 201 and 202.)

RULE 174 Running Long Jump take-off shall be marked by a board sunk and the surface of the landing level With the to the landing area shall area, the edge of which be called the take-off hne. If a competitor takes off board, it shall not for that reason be before reaching as a faIlure. Immediately beyond the take-off IUl:e there be placed a board of plasticine or other sUItable matenal for recording the athlete's footprint when he has foot-faulted. . If it. is not possible to install the above apparatus the followmg method should be adopted: immediately in front of .the take-off line and across all the length of it ove.ra of 10 centimetres (4 in.) the ground shall be With soft earth or sand, placed level (horizontal) 11 With the take-off board. RULE 174

120

2.-If any competitor touches the ground beyond the take-off line, or take-off line extended, with any part of the body, whether running up without jumping or in the act of jumping, it shall be counted as a failure. 3.-All jumps should be measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by any part of the body or limbs to the take-off line and at right angles to such line. If in the course of landing the competitor touches the ground outside the landing area nearer to the takeoff than the nearest break in the landing area made by the jump, such jump shall not be measured but shall count as a failure. 4.-In order to ensure the correct measuring of any jump it is essential that the surface of the sand in the landing area should be accurately controlled so as to be level with the top of the take-off board. An approved is described in Rule 175. apparatus for this 5.-The landing area shall have a minimum width of 2 metres 75 centimetres (9 ft.). 6.-The distance between the take-off and the end of the landing area shall be at least 10 metres (32 ft.11 10 ins.) 7.-The take-off board shall be not less than 1 metre (3 ft. 3 in.) from the edge of the landing area. (Also see Rule 171.) (For apparatus refer to Rule 203.) RULE 175 Triple Jump

I.-The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level with the runway and the surface of the landing area, and placed at least 11 metres (36 ft.) from the landing area, the edge of which nearer to the landing area shall be called the take-off line. (For apparatus see Rule 203.) If a competitor takes off before reaching the board, it shall not for that reason be counted as a failure. RULE 175

121

2.-The hop shall be made so that the competitor shall first land upon the same foot with which he shall have off, in the step he shall land on the other foot, jump is performed. from WhICh consequently 3.-If competitor while jumping touches the WIth the "sleeping" leg it shaH be considered as a failure. 4.-In alI other respects the rules for the Running Long Jump shall apply. (Also see Rule 174.) CONTROL OF SAND lEVEL IN lONe AND TRIPLE JUMP METAL FACE

LANDING AREA

TOP OF SIDE WAll

SCRAPER BOARD

TAKE OFF BOARD

122

123

SECTION V

THROWING EVENTS HAMMER, SHOT, DISCUS AND JAVELIN

RULE 181 General Rules

I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (Also see Rule 143, para. 7.) 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the btrst performances shall. be all?wed three additional trials. In the event of a ne for eighth three . place, any competitor so tying shall t:>e allowed additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. (Also see Rule 142, para. 2.) 3.-In all throwing events from a circle a c0D?-!?etitor must commence theA'throw from a stationary posinon. 4.-In all throwing .events from a circle a competitor is allowed to touch the inside of the iron band or stop board. It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competitor after he has stepped into the circle and a throw, touches with any part of commenced to his body the top of the stop-board or circle or ground outside, or improperly releases the. shot, or hammer in making any attempt. ProVided that if m the course of a trial the foregoing rules, and additionally hammer, h3:ve Rule 185 (4) in the case of tb:owing not been infringed, a competitor may mterrupt a !flal once started, lay his implement down, to stationary position again and begin a fresh there shall not be more than one such mterruptlOn m each trial. (Also see Rule 209.) lHTT.R 181

. 5.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the unplement has touched the ground, and he shall then from a standing position, leave the circle from the rea; half, which shall be indicated by a chalk line drawn through the centre and extended outside the circle not less than 75 centimetres (30 in.) on each side. ' A competitor in the javelin throw shall not leave the delivery area until the javelin has touched the ground, he shall then, a standing position, leave the dehvery area from behmd the arc and the lines drawn from the extremes of the arc at right angles to the parallel lines which define the runway. a foul throw or improperly - In !hrowin¥ the releasmg the lIDplement ill making an attempt shall be recorded as a throw, but shall not count. 6.-In the case of the hammer and discus for a valid must fall so that the point of impact IS wIthm the mner edges of lines marking a sector of 45° set out on the ground so that the radii lines cross /1 at the centre of the circle. In putting the shot, for a valid put the shot must fall s.o that point of impact is within the inner edges of hnes markmg a sector of approximately 65° set out on the ground so that the radii lines touch with their inner edges the extremities of the stop board and cross at the centre of the circle. (Refer to Rule 210.) The ends of the lines marking all sectors should be marked with sector flags. (Also refer to Rule 211.) 7.-The measurement of each throw shall be made from the nearest mark made by the fall of the discus, shot, or head of the hammer or javelin to the inside of the circumference of the circle, or the arc in the case of javelin, along a line from the mark made by the unplement to the centre of the circle or the centre of the radius of the arc. 8.-A flag or disc shall be provided to mark the eXIstmg WorId Record and when appropriate

124

125

the existing national record in each throwing event. In the javelin, discus and hammer competitions a distinctive flag shall be provided also to mark the throws of each competitor. 9.-0nly throwing implements provided by the organ· isers of the Meeting may be used. No competitor shall be permitted to take any imple· ment into the arena. IO.-No device of any kind-e.g. the taping of two or more fingers together-which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. The use of tape to cover injuries on the hand or wrist will be allowed only upon production of a medical certificate. ll.-In all throwing events implements must be carried back to the starting line or circle and never thrown back. 12.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runways for throwing events shall be 1 : 100 and in the running direction 1 : 1,000, and that of the throwing field 1 : 1,000. (Also refer to Rule 142.) l3.-In throwing javelin, no mark shall be placed on the runway but competitors may place markssupplied by the Committee-at the side of the runway.

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Javelin Throwing

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RULE 182

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I.-The length of the runway shall be not more than 36·5 metres (120 f1.) but not less than 30 metres (98 ft. 6 in.) and shall be marked by two parallel lines 5 centimetres (2 in.) in width and 4 metres (13 ft. 1·5 in.) apart. The throw shall be made from behind an arc of a circle drawn with a radius of 8 metres (26 ft. 3 in.); such arc shall consist of a strip made of wood or metal 7 centi· metres (2,75 in.) in width, painted white and sunk flush RULE 182

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126 with the ground. Lines shall be drawn from the extremities of the arc at right angles to the parallel lines marking the runway. These lines shall be 1·50 metres (5 ft.) in length and 7 centimetres (2,75 in.) in width. NOTE: It is recommended that the runway should be not less than 33·5 metres (110 ft.)

2.-The javelin must be held at the grip. 3.-No throw shall be valid in which the tip of the metal head does not strike the ground before any other part of the javelin, or when the competitor touches, with any part of his body or limbs, the strip or the lines drawn from the extremities thereof at right angles to the parallel lines or the ground beyond those lines or the strip. The competitor may cross either of the parallel lines. At no time after preparing to throw, until the javelin has been discharged into the air, may the competitor turn completely around, so that his back is towards the throwing arc. The javelin shall be thrown over the shoulder or upper part of the throwing arm and must not be slung nor hurled. j NOTE.-Non-orthodox styles are not permitted. 4.-All throws to be valid must fall within the inner edge of lines marking the sector set out on the ground by extending for a distance of 90 metres (295 ft. 3 in.), the lines from the centre (A) of the circle, of which the arc is a part, through the points (B) and (C) at which the arc joins the lines marking the runway. The ends of the radii lines should be marked with sector flags. (See diagram on page 125.)

5.-If the javelin breaks while in the air, it shall not count as a trial provided the throw was made in accordance with the rules. (For implement refer to Rule 204.)

127 RULE 183 Throwing the Discus I.-The discus shall be thrown from a circle 2'50 metres (8 ft. 2·5 in.) in diameter. (For implement and apparatus refer to Rule 205 and Rule 208.) RULE 184 Putting the Shot I.-The put shall be made from a circle 2·135 metres (7 ft.) in diameter. At the middle of the circumference in the front half of the circle a stop board shall be placed .:firmly fastened to the ground. 2.-The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only. At the time the competitor takes a stance in the ring to commence a put the shot shall touch or be in close proximity to the chin and the hand shall not be dropped below this position during the action of putting. The shot must not be brought behind the line of the shoulders. 3.-AIl measurements shall be made immediately after each throw. (For implement and apparatus refer to Rule 206 and Rules 209, 210, 211 and 212.) RULE 185 Throwing the Hammer 1.-,All throws shall be made from a circle 2·135 metres (7 ft.) in diameter. 2.-When throwing the hammer, ordinary gloves for the protection of the hands are permitted. 3.-The competitor in his starting position prior to the preliminary swings or turns is allowed to put the head of the hammer on the ground outside the circle. . 4.-1t shall not be considered a foul throw if the head of the hammer touches the ground when the competitor makes the preliminary swings or turns; but if, after RULES 183-185

128

129

having so touched the ground, he stops throwing so as to begin the throw again, this shall count as a trial throw. (For implement and apparatus refer to Rules 207, 208, 209, 211 and 212.) 5.-If the hammer breaks during a throw or while in the air, it shall not count as a throw provided it was . made in accordance with the rules. If the competItor thereby loses his equilibrium and commits a foul, it shall not count against him. SECTION VI RULE 191

Walking I

1.- Definition. Walking is progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained. 2.-Judging. Judges of walking must be careful to observe that the advancing foot of the walker makes contact with the ground before the rear foot leaves the ground, and in particular that, during the period of each step in which a foot is on the ground, the leg shall be straightened (Le., not bent at the knee) at least for one moment. 3.-Judging and Disqualifications. The appointed Judges of walking shall elect a Chief Judge. All the Judges shall act in an individual capacity. When, in the opinion of (a) two of the Judges, one being the Chief Judge or (b) three Judges other than Chief Judge. . a competitor's mode of progressIon fails to comply WIth the definition during any part of the competition, he shall be disqualified and informed of his disqualification by the Chief Judge. In a competition either directly

RULE 191

controlled by the LA.A.F. or taking place under permit, in no circumstances shall two Judges of the same nationality have the power to disqualify. 4.-Effect may be given to any such disqualification immediately after the conclusion of the competition, if circumstances render impracticable an earlier notice to the competitor of his disqualification. 5.-A competitor may be cautioned when by his mode of progression he is in danger of ceasing to comply with the definition of contact; but he is not entitled to a second caution. The decision to caution a competitor J)hall be made under the same procedure as for disqualification set out in paragraph 3. 6.-In track races a competitor who is disqualified must immediately leave the track, and in road races the disqualified competitor must, immediately after his disdisqualification, remove the distinguishing number or numbers which he is wearing. NOTE.-It is recommended that a system of signalling "caution" by white flag and "disqualification" by red flag be used as far as possible during a walking race for the information of the officials, competitors and spectators. 7.-In all international races of more than 20 kilometres 11 (or 12 miles), refreshments shall be provided by the organisers, and refreshment stations shall be arranged at 10 kilometres or 6 miles, and thereafter at every 5 kilometres or 3 miles. No refreshment may be carried or taken by any competitor other than that provided or agreed by the organisers. A competitor may submit to them the type of refreshment desired and this, if approved, must then be handed in to the Organisers at a time and place specified by them. It shall be available at the stations nominated by the competitor. The refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or so that they may be put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the refresh-

----------

130

131

ment points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification. The Organisers may, at their discretion and to prevent general distress to competitors, supply additional sponging points after 20 kilometres or 12 miles where water only shall be supplied. 8.-Each competitor must send with his entry for a race of 50 kilometres or 30 miles or over a medical certificate from a qualified doctor certifying his fitness to take part in the race. Each competitor shall be required to take a physical examination before the race by a qualified doctor who shall be appointed by the Organisers. If the doctor considers it dangerous or inadvisable the competitor shall not be allowed to start or continue in the race. 9.-In the Games and in all major events the 50 kilometres walk shall be so arranged as to ensure that the first walker home finishes approximately at sunset in order that he may enjoy the best climatic conditions. 10.-For European Championships and Olympic Games the circuit for the 20 kilometre event should be a maximum of 3,OOO.metres with a minimum of approximately 1,500 metres. 11.-The organisers of events held on roads must take care to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of the Olympic Games and European Championships the organisers must give an assurance that the roads to be used for the competitions will be closed in both directions; i.e. not open to motorised traffic. RULE 192 Intemational Walking Competition for the

"Lugano" Trophy This competition will be conducted by a Sub-Committee appointed by the Walking Commission of the I.A.A.F. in accordance with Rules approved by Congress. RULE 192

SECTION VII COMBINED GOMPETITlONS

RULE 195 Pentathlon and Decathlon

MEN I.-The Pentathlon consists of five events which shall in the following order: long jump; throwing the JavelIn; 200 metres; throwing the discus; and 1,500 - metres. 2.-The Decathlon consists of ten events which shaH b: held on two consecutive days in the following order: FIrst day -100 metres; running long jump, putting the shot; running high jump and 400 metres. Second day-l 10 metres hurdles; throwing the discus; pole vault; throwing the javelin; and 1,500 metres. WOMEN Pentathlon for women consists of five events whIch shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order: metres hurdles; putting the shot; high First day Jump. Second day-long jump; 200 metres. GENERAL 4.-The order of competing shall be drawn before '-. each separate event. 5.-In the 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres, 100 hurdles and 110 metres hurdles events the competitors shall be drawn by lot in groups by the referee so that preferably three or more competitors, and never less RULE 195

132 133

than two, are in each group. In the 200 metres in the pentathlon one group should consist of those tors occupying the leading positions at the end of four events. In the 1,500 metres each group should consist of five or more competitors, one group consisting of the leading competitors at the end of the 9th event. The referee shall have power to rearrange any group if in his opinion it is desirable. 6.-The I.A.A.F. rules for each event constituting the competition will apply with the following exceptions: (a) In the long jump and each of the throwing events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials only. (b) Each competitor's time shall be timed by 3 time-I keepers independently. If for any reason only two register times, ,and these two disagree, the longer. time of the two shall be adopted as officiaL I Alternatively times may be recorded by an approved electrical device (see Rule 119). (c) In the running trials and the hurdles a competitor shall be disqualified in any event in which he has made three false starts. .J

7.-The scores separately and combined should be announced to the competitors after the completion of each event. 8.-The winner shall be the competitor who has obtained the highest number of points in the five or ten events, as the case may be, awarded on the basis of the lA.A.F. Scoring Table. 9.-In the event of a tie, the winner shall be the competitor who has received the higher points in a majority of events. If this does not resolve the tie, the winner shall be the competitor who has the highest number of points in anyone of the events. This cedure shall apply to ties for any place in the tition.

lO.-Any athlete failing to start or make a trial in one of the five events of the Pentathlon or in one of the ten of the Decathlon shall not be allowed to take part m the following event but shall be considered to have a.bandoned the competition. He shall not therefore figure In the final classification. SECTION VIII SPECIFICATIONS FOR OFFICIAL IMPLEMENTS AND ApPARATUS

All l1'!easurel.nents of technical equipment are extl?rms, tIle equivalent shown in feel and l!ressed m mches etc.: bemg approXimate and for inforrnation

RULE 201 Jumping and Vaulting Standards I.-General (a) Uprights. AJ?y style or kind of uprights or posts may be used, provIded they are rigid. (b) The shall be of wood, metal other sUItable tnangular or circular in section. So as to aVOId dangerously sharp edges, a triangular bar may 1;>e so formed that the edges are slightly rounded and It may be to satisfy the requirement as to measurement if It passes with only a small through a .triangular cut-out of the specified dImenSIOns. SIde the triangular bar shall .n;teasure 30 miIIImetres (Ik In.) and the diameter of the CIrcular .at least 25 millimetres (I in.) but not more than 30 millImetres (1 i in.). ' The ends of the circular bar shall be constructed in a way that a fiat surface of 30 x 150 millimetres (1 x 6 in.) is obtained for the purpose of placmg the bar on the supports on the uprights. RULE 201

134

135

(Optionally the cross-bar may be split in the middle and joined with a metal clip about 300 mm. (1 ft.) long).

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2.-High Jump (a) Uprights. The uprights should be sufficiently tall

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so as to exceed the maximum height to which the crossbar can be raised by at least 10 centimetres (4 in.). The distance between the uprights shaH be not less than 3·66 metres (12 ft.) or more than 4·02 metres (13 ft. 2t in.).

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(b) Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be between 3·64 metres (11 ft. lIt in.) and 4 metres (13 et. It in.). The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2 kilogrammes (4 lb. 6t oz.).

III III

bar shall be flat and rectangular, 40 millimetres (It in.) wide and 60 millimetres (21 in.) long. They shall each face the opposite upright and the ends of the cross-bar shall rest on them in such a manner that if it is touched by a competitor it will easily fall to the ground, either forwards or backwards.

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(d) There shall be a space of at least 10 millimetres (t in.) between the ends of the cross-bar and the uprights. 0.

(e) The landing area should measure not less than 5 metres (16 ft. 4 in.) long by 4 metres (13 ft. 1tin.) wide.

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3.-Pole Vault . (a) Uprights. Except Where extension arms are used the 11 dIstance between the uprights shall be not less than 3.66 (12 ft.) or more than 4·32 metres (14 ft. 2 in.) wIde.

136

137

(b) Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be between 3·86 metres (12 ft. 8 in.) and 4·52 metres (14 ft. 10 in.) in length. The maximum weight for the cross-bar shall be 2·26 kg. (SIb.).

to the stopboard at an angle of approximately . If the. box is 'of wood the bottom shall be Imed w.Ith 2·5 mIllnnetres (0'1 in.) sheet iron or metal in.) from the for a dIstance of 800 millimetres (2 ft. front of the box. The below gives measurements of a box constructed WIth an angle of 105° between the base and the stopboard.

(c) Supports for cross-bar. Pegs shall be used to support the cross-bar and shall be without notches or indentations of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than 13 millimetres (t in.) diameter. They must not extend more than 75 millimetres (3 in.) from the uprights, and the cross-bar shall rest on them so that if it is touched by a competitor or his pole it will fall easily to the ground in the direction of the landing area. NOTE.-To lessen the chance of injury ofa competitor by his falling on the feet, of the uprights, as an alternative to the above, the pegs supporting the cross-bar may be placde upon extension arms permanently attached to the uprights, thus allowing the uprights to be placed wider apart, without increasing the length ofthe cross-bar. (See diagram) (d) The landing area should measure not less than 5 x 5 metres (16 ft. 1 in.).

(e) Box. This shall be constructed either of wood or metal and shall be 1 metre (3 ft. 31 in.) in length, measured along the inside of the bottom of the box [existing boxes with a measurement of 1 metre (3 ft. 3!- in.) at ground level will continue to be acceptable], 600 millimetres (1 ft. 11! in.) in width at the front end and tapering to 150 millimetres (6 in.) in width at the bottom of the stopboard. The length of the box at ground level and the depth of the stopboard will depend upon the angle formed between the base and stopboard which shall be 105°. The base of the box shall slope from 11 ground level at the front end to a vertical distance below ground level 0[200 millimetres (7! in.) at the point where it meets the stopboard. The box should be constructed in such a manner that the sides slope outwards and

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138

139

RULE 202 Vaulting Pole

The pole may be of any or combination ?f materials and of any length or dIameter, but the baSIC surface of the metal, where metal is used, must be smooth. The pole may have a binding. only of. not more than two layers of adhesive tape of umform This restriction does not however apply to bmdmg the bottom end of the pole with protective layers of tape, for a distance of about 30 centimetres (l. to reduce the risk of damaging the pole when stnkmg the back of the box. !

shaped scraper for the purpose of removing the footprints of the competitors. (Also see Rule 174, para. I.) RUN UP -

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RULE 203

Take-off Board LONG JUMP AND TRIPLE JUMP

I.-Construction. The take-off board shall be made of wood and shall measure 1·22 metres (4 ft.) long, 200 millimetres (8 ill.) wide and 100 millimetres (4 in.) deep. On the side nearer to the landing area should be fixed a horizontal shelf 1·22 metres (4 ft.) long; 100 millImetres (4 in.) wide; the top of which, should be 38 millimetres (l !in.) below the surface ot the take-?ff board. This shelf should have a ledge, of the followmg approximate measurements, along the .edge next to landing area, 38 millimetres 0'5 in.) hIgh and .2? mIllImetres (l in.) wide, thus forming a recess 38 (1,5 in.) deep, 1·22 metres (4 ft.) long, and 100 mIlhmetres (4 in.) wide, immediately the on which to place a board 25 (1 m.) .thIck as required; with a layer of pla.stIcme .or other sUltable material 13 millimetres (0,5 m.) thIck placed level (horizontal) with the take-off board. The layer of I?lasticine can be smoothed off by means of a roller or sUltably

RULES 202-203

2.-The take-off board shall be painted white. NOTE.-It will be found very helpful to have a spare plasticine board available, so that l-vhile the footprint is being eliminated the competitors are not delayed. RULE 204 Javelin

I.-Construction. The javelin shall consist of three parts: a metal head, a shaft, and a cord grip. The shaft may be constructed of either wood or metal and it shall haye fixed to it a metal head terminating in a sharp pomt. 2.-It shall conform to the following specifications. Weight inclusive of cord grip Men Women !vlinimum 800 grammes 600 grammes (lIb. 12·218 oz.) (lIb. 5·163 oz.)

RULE 204

141

140

Men Overall length Minimum Maximum

260 centimetres (8 ft. 6! in.) 270 centimetres (8 ft. 10! in.)

Women 220 centimetres (7 ft. 2t in.) 230 centimetres (7 ft. 6t in.)

Length of metal head 25 centimetres Minimum .,. 25 centimetres (91 in.) (91 in.) 33 centimetres 33 centimetres Maximum (13 in.) (13 in.) Weight of metal head Minimum ... 80 grammes 80 grammes (2,822 oz.) (2,822 oz.) Distance from tip ofl1(letal head to centre of Minimum .,. 90 centimetres .,. 80 centimetres (2 ft. lIt in.) (2 ft. 7t in.) 110 centimetres 95 centimetres Maximum (3 ft. 7! in.) (3ft. It in.) Diameter of shaft at thickest point 20 millimetres Minimum 25 millimetres (! in.) (lm.) 25 millimetres 30 millimetres Maximum (1 in.) (l! in.) Width of cord grip Minimum ... 15 centimetres 14 centimetres (6 in.) (5t in.) 16 centimetres 15 centimetres Maximum (61; in.) (6 in.) 3.-The cord shall be about the centre of gravity of any kind on without thongs, notches or the shaft and shall not exceed the cIrcumference of the shaft by'more than 25 millimetres (1 in.). The binding shall be of uniform thickness. 4.-The cross-section shall be regularly circular shall be throughout and the under the grip. From the gnp the Javelm shall taper

to the tip of the metal head and the rear tip. The hne from the end of the grip to the tip of the metal head may be straight or slightly curved but the curve be .gradual and there must be no abrupt alteration III d!ameter of the section throughout the length of the Javehn. . 5.-The javelin shall have no mobile parts or other apparatus during the throw could change its centre of gravIty or throwing characteristics. .6.-The tapering of the shaft from the maximum diameter to the tip of metal head or. to the rear tip shall be such that the dIameter at the mIdpoint between . the end of the cord grip and either tip shall not exceed 90 per cent of.the,maximum diameter of the shaft and t!Jat at the pomt of 15 centimetres (6 in.) from either hp 80 per cent of the maximum diameter. (See diagram.) LIÂˇ 900 -IIOOm"

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min250 max 330.

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. NOTE.-. [n reducing the large scale drawing to dimensIOns suztable for inclusion in the handbook it has been made to appear that the point at which the tapered shaft must not exceed 80 per cent of the lnaximum diameter coincides with the commencement of the metal head.

143 142

. d' t r is the maximum permitted eife the metal head and there is This is not so as t,hlS (150 mm.) from t le pol1'l 0 路 to the actual length of the head. no re Iat IOn

RULE 205 Discus

.' The body of the discus. shall be l.-ConstlUctlO11.. suitable material wIth metal and shall have, in the exact made of wood. or the metal rim, a means of plates set flush.mtofthe centre of the cIrcle securing the correct weIght. f h 11 .ng specifications: 2.-It shall conform to t e 10 OWl Men Weight Minimum

2 kilogrammes (4 lb. 6路547 oz.)

Outer diameter of 路' m ml1hmetres .. , 219. 5' M lmmu (8 8 m.)

Maximum

221 millimetres (81 in.)

Diameter of metal plate.s . Minimum .,. 50.mllhmetres (2 m.)

Maximum

57 millimetres (2i in.)

Thickness at centre ., Minimum .,. (14 m.) Maximum 46 millimetres (li in.) RULE 205

Women

Men Women Thickness of the rim at a distance of 6 millimetres (i in.) from the edge Minimum 12 millimetres 12 millimetres Ct in.) (t in.) The edge of the metal rim shall be rounded in a true circle. 3.-Each side of the discus shall be identical and shall be made without indentations, projecting or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a circle a distance of 25 millimetres (1 in.) from the centre of the discus. The thickness at 25 millimetres (1 in.) from the centre of the discus shaH be exactly the same as at the centre. max. 5/

1 kilogramme (2 lb. 3路274 oz.) 180 millimetres

(n in.)

182 millimetres (7i in.) All measurements

50 millimetres (2 in.) 57 millimetres (2! in.) 37 millimetres (It in.). 39 millImetres (l %in.)

in millimetres

Discus

RULE 206 Shot I.-Construction. The shot shall be of solid iron, brass or any metal not softer than brass, or a shell of such metal filled with lead or other material. It must be spherical in shape and the surface must be smooth. RULE 206

144

145

2.-It shall conform to the following specifications:

Weight Minimum Diameter Minimum Maximum

Men

Women

7路257 kilogrammes (161b.)

4 kilogrammes (8 lb. 13 oz.)

110 millimetres (4! in.) 130 millimetres (5! in.)

95 millimetres (31 in.) 110 millimetres (4! in.)

RULE 207 Hammer

Construction I.-Head. The head shall be of solid iron or other metal not softer than brass, or a shell of such metal, filled with lead or other solid material. It must be completely spherical in shape. If a filling is used this must be inserted in such a manner that it is immovable and that the centre of gravity shall be not more than 6 millimetres (0'25 in.) from the centre of the sphere. 2.-Handle. The handle shall be of single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not less than 3 millimetres (0'118 in.) or No. 11 Standard Wire Gauge (0'116 in.) in diameter, and shall be such that it cannot stretch appreciably while the hammer is being thrown. The handle may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. For example of approved hammer handle see diagram 3.-Grip. The grip may be either of single or double loop construction, but must be rigid and without hingeing joints of any kind, and so made that it cannot RULE 207

stretch appreciably while being thrown. It must be attached to the handle in such a manner that it cannot be turned within the loop of the handle to increase the overall length of the hammer..

4.-Connection. The handle shall be connected to the head by means of a swivel which may be either plain or ball bearing. The grip shall be connected to the handle by means of a loop. A swivel may not be used. 5.-The hammer shall conform to the following specifications:

Weight of hammer complete as thrown Minimum 7路257 kilogrammes (16 lb.) Length of hammer complete as thrown measured from the inside of the grip MaXImum

117路5 centimetres (3 ft. 1O! in.) 121路5 centimetres (3 ft. 111 in.)

Diameter of head Maxunum

102 millimetres (4 in.) 120 millimetres (41 in.)

Centre of Gravity of Head Not more than 6 millimetres (0'25 in.) from the centre of the sphere. e.g.-It must be possible to balance the head less ha.ndle and. on a horizontal sharp-edged ckcular orifice 12 millImetres (0'5 in.) in diameter. (See diagram.)

147

146 SUGGESTED CONSTRUCTION OF ApPARATUS FOR TESTING CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF HAMMER

/KNIFE

...---",'

EDGE

RIM

2.-The cage should be C-shaped in plan, the diameter being 7 metres (22 ft. lIt in.) with the opening 11 through which the throw is made 6 metres (19 ft. St in.) be less than 3·35 metres wide. The height should (11 ft.) but preferably should be at least 4 metres (13 ft. II in.). 3.-Cages made to the following specifications are in use and have been found satisfactory.

Framework.-A wire cable, or a of metal struts, is suspended at a height of not less than 3·35 metres (11 ft.) and preferably 4 metres (13 ft. It in.) above the ,g,round in the shape of a letter C. The radius of the C 11 is 3·5 metres (11 ft. 6 in.) with the open end 6 metres (19 ft. 8t in.) wide. The cable, or series of struts, is supported in a horizontal plane by eight metal supports made in the shape of gallows, so that the C shape is formed by seven straight panels, each 2·74 metres (9 ft.) wide. Netting.-A net 19·2 metres (63 ft.) long and 0·3 metres (1 ft.) wider than the height of the struts, made of cord 12·5 millimetres (0'5 in.) in circumference with 50 millimetres (2 in.) meshes, is suspended from the wire cable or series of metal struts. The lower edge of the net resting on the ground turns inwards towards the centre of the C, and to it are attached at regular intervals sandbags each weighing approximately 13·5 kilogrammes (30 lb.). EXAMPLE OF ApPROVED HAMMER HANDLE

RULE 208

Hammer or Discus Throwing Cage I.-All hammer and discus throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators, officials, and competitors. RULE 208

Erection.-The eight metal supports are set into the ground either with spikes or permanent sockets. The sockets should be sunk to a depth of approximately 30 centimetres (1 ft.) and provided with covers for use when the supports are removed. The supports and suspended net are kept in position by wire ropes attached to ground spikes.

149

148 SUGGESTED CONST RUCTI ON FOR HAMM ER OR DISCU S CAGE

p)O

---e r,

.".. __ .-'. .__- ---- ---- 4.

ALTERNATIVE HAMMER OR DISCU SS CAGE WITH MOVABLE FLAPS

150

RULE 209 Circles I.-Construction. Circles shall be made of band iron or steel, the top of which shall be flush wtih the ground outside. The earth or clay in the circles shall be packed hard, firm and level and 2 centimetres (0'75 in.) (tolerance 6 millimetres (0,25 in.) plus or minus) lower than the outside of the circle. The interior of the circles for shot putting, discus throwing and hammer throwing may be constructed of concrete or a similar material.

151

thickness and 76 millimetres (3 in.) in height sunk flush with the ground outside. 3.-The circle shall be painted white. RULE 210 Stop Board (Putting the Shot) I.-Construction. The board shall be made of wood in the shape of an arc so that the inner edge coincides with the inner edge of the circle, also so made that it can be firmly fixed to the ground. 2.-Measurements. The board shall measure 1路22 metres (4 ft.) long on the inside, 114 millimetres (4,5 - in.) wide and 100 millimetres (4 in.) high in relation to the level of the inside of the circle and 80 millimetres (31 in.) in relation to the level of the ground outside the circle. ..

3.-Finish.

The board shall be painted white.

2.-Measurements. Discus throwing

The circle shall measure: 2路50 metres (8 ft. 2路5 in.) inside diameter. Hammer throwing or 2路135 metres (7 ft.) inside diashot putting meter. The metal circle shall be 6 millimetres (0'25 in.) in

RULE 209

2 135,...

RULE 210

152

153

RULE 211 Sectors for Throws from Circles and Arcs The sector within which all throws must fall, shall be clearly marked on the ground with lines 5 centimetres (2 in.) wide, the inner edges of which shall fonn the sector lines, the radii lines crossing at the centre of the circles. The outer ends of the radii lines should be marked with sector flags. RULE 212 Sector Flag The sector flag should be entirely

I.-Construction. of metal. 2.-Measurements. ! The flag should be rectangular in shape, measuring about 20 x 40 centimetres (8 x 16 in.) with the standard 8 millimetres (-h in.) in diameter and not less than 60 centimetres (or 2 ft.) in length, above the ground. j

RULE 213

Hurdles I.-Construction. The hurdles shall be made of metal with the top bar of wood and shall consist of two bases and two uprights supporting a rectangular frame reinforced by one or more cross-bars, the uprights to be fixed at the extreme end of each base. The hurdle shall be of such a design that a force of at least 3·6 kilogrammes (8 lb.) applied to the centre of the top edge of the crossbar is required to overturn it. The hurdle may be adjustable in height for each event. The counterweights must be adjustable so that at each height a force of at least 3·6 kilogrammes (8 lb.) and not more than 4 kilogrammes (8 lb. 13 oz.) is required to overturn it. 2.-Measurements. The standard heights of the hurdles shall be: RULES 211-2-3

Women 100 metres 84·0 centimetres (2 ft. 9 in.). 200 metres 76'2 centimetres (2 ft. 6 in.). Men 1·067 metres (3 ft. 6 in.). 110 metres 120 yards 200 metres 220 yards 76·2 centimetres (2 ft. 6 in.). 91·4 centimetres (3 ft. 0 in.). 400 metres 440 yards The extreme width shall be 1·20 metres (3 ft. 11 in.). The extre1!1e length of the base shall be 70 centimetres (2 ft. 3·5 ill.). The total weight of the hurdles shall be not less than 10 kilogrammes (22 lb. 0·75 oz.). . NOTE.-In each case there shall be a tolerance allowance of 3 .millimetres (0'125 in.) above and below the standard heIghts, to allow for variatioll in the manufacture. (Also see Rule 163.). 3.-.The width ?f the top bar shall be 70 millimetres thickness of this bar should be between (2'75 ill.); 10 and 2) .1l;ul1imetres. The bar should be firmly fixed at the extremItIes. .

01 P.-ECTION OF FWNNINO

ADJuSTAaLE 'NErCI·iT

fnl

in) .

EXAMPLE OF APPROVED HURDLE

154 155

4.-Finish. The top bar should be striped in black and white in such a manner that the white stripes appear at the end of each hurdle and that they shall be at least 225 millimetres (9 in.) in width. The hurdle shall be so placed on the track that the feet of the hurdles shall be on the side of the approach by the competitor. 5.-Testing. To check the resisting force of hurdles a simple spring-balance should be used by the application of a pulling force to the centre of the cross-bar. Alternatively use a cord with a hook, applied to the centre of the cross-bar, take the cord along over a pulley fixed conveniently and load the other end of the cord with weights. " RULE 214 Relay Baton Construction.-The baton shall be a smooth hollow tube circular in section made of wood or metal or of any other rigid material in one piece the length of which shall be not more than 30 centimetres (1 ft.) and not less than 28 centimetres (11 jn.). The circumference shall be 120 millimetres (4'75 in.) and it shall not weigh less than 50 grammes (11 oz.). RULE 215 Starting Blocks I.-The purpose of starting blocks is to expedite the carrying through of programmes and to protect the tracks. 2.-They must be constructed entirely of rigid materials. 3.-They may be adjustable, but must be made without springs or other devices whereby the athlete can obtain any artificial assistance.

be .s9 made as to be easily and qUIckly placed mto posltlOn and removed without any . damage to the track. S.-They. may be used only in races not exceeding 880 yards and In relay races only by those competing over the first stage provided that stage does not exceed 880 yards. A similar restriction applies to the making of starting holes. RULE 216 Finish Posts The finish posts shall be of rigid construction of about 1}7 metres (4 ft. 6 in.) in height, 8 centimetres (3 in.) in WIdth and 2 centimetres (0,75 in.) in thickness.

-o -:z :z cL

C 0

r-I'

RULES 214-5 RULE 216

157

156

DIVISION IV

Jumping Triple jump Pole vault

High jump Long jump

RULE 381 EVENTS FOR WHICH WORLD RECORDS ARE RECOGNISED MEN

Shot put J,avelin throwing

Throwing Discus throwing Hammer throwing Decathlon

Running 100 220 440 880 1

100 metres 2,000 metres 3,000 " 200" 5,000 , , 6,. 400" 10,. 800" 10,000 " 15 , , 1,000" 20,000 " 1,500 , , 25,000 " 30,000 " 1 hour

WOMEN Running

2 miles 3,.

yard's " " " mile

100 yards 220 " 440 " 880 1 mile

Hurdles 100 me'tres (10 hurdles) 200 metres (10 hurdles)

Steeplechase 3,000 metres Hurdles 120 yards 110 metres 220" 200" 440" 400" .i

Relays

4 x 110 yards 4 x 220 " 4 x 440 " 4 x 880

Relays 4 x 110 yards 4 x 100 metres 4 x 200 " 4 x 220" 4x440" 4x 400 " 4 x 880 , , 4 x 800 , , 4 x 1 mile 4 x 1,500 , , 20 miles 30 " RULE 381

Walking 20,000 metres 30,000 " 50,000 "

60 metres 100 , , 200 " 400 " 800 " 1500 "

High jump

2 hours

4 x 100 metres 4 x 200 4 x 400 4 x 800 Jumping Long jump Throwing Javelin throwing Discus throwing Shot put Pentathlon

..-

V1 00

OFFICIAL LIST OF WORLD TRACK AND FIELD RECORDS

(Recognised by the I.A.A.F. as at the 31st December, 1968)

= Time, Height or Distance

Event

Place

Date

Country

Holder

MEN RUNrtlNG 100 yds

, 9· 1 s

100 metres . 200 metres . (straight) 200 metres (bend) . 220 yards (straight) 220 yards (bend) 400 metres . 440 yards . 800 metres .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. U.S.A R. Hayes. · .. H. W. Jerome Canada J. Hines C. Greene J. Hines T. Smith

9'9 s 19'5 s

D.S.A.

19·5 s. . . . . . . . . .. T. Smith

7. 5.66

San Jose, Cal. .. U.S.A.

20·0 s 43·8 s , 44·8 s 1 m. 44·3 s

. . . .

T. Smith L Evans T. Smith P. Snell R. Doubell J. Ryun J. May F. J. Kemper J. Ryun J. Ryun M. Jazy

Time, Height or Distance

········ ········ ········ . . . . . . . ····

Holder

7 m. 39·6 s. 8 m. 19·8 s

K. Keino. .. .. .. .. R. Clarke "

12 m. 50·4 s . 13 m. 16·6 s .. 26 m. 47 s . 27 m. 39·4 s . 46m.44·Os . 58 m. 06·2 s. . . 20,664 m . (12 ml. 1,478 yd.) 15 miles . 1 hr. 12 m. 48·2 s. 25,000 metres .. 1 hr. 15 m. 22·6 s. 30,000 metres .. 1 hr. 32 m. 25·4 s. 8 m. 24·2 s.

Australia U.S.A G.D.R Germany D.S.A

. . . . .

Fni'nce' : : : : : :

Date

. .

27. 8.65 27. 6.67

R. Clarke R. Clarke R. Clarke R. Hill G. Roelants G. Roelants

. . . . . G.B.&N.I:·: : . Belgium . .

5.7.66 5.7.66 14. 7.65 14. 7.65 9.11.68 28.10.66 28.10.66

R. Hill R. Hill J. Hogan

. .

G.B. & N.!. ..

21. 7.65 21. 7.65 12.11.66

R. Clarke

J. Kuha

Sacramento, Cal. Mexico City ... San Jose, Cal.. .. Christchurch Mexico City ... Indiana Erfurt . Hannover . Los Angeles, Ca!' Bakersfield, Ca!. St. Maur les Fosses

.......

Country

Kenya Australia

11. 6.66 18.10.68 20. 5.67 3. 2.62 15.10.68 10. 6.66 20. 7.65 21. ,9.66 8.7.67 23. 6.67 12.10.66

Finland

D.S.A. N. Zealand Mexico U.S.A. G.D.R. Germany U.S.A. Fr::nce

_ _.

•

Place

HaIsingborg ... Sweden ArosvaIlen, " Vlisteras Stockholm' Oslo. ': ..... : : :: . : : : : :: England Leuven . . . . . . .. Belgium Bolton, Lancs.

Waiion-oi;.

England

17. 7.68

" Thames Stockholm . . . .. Sweden

20.10.68

Mexico City '"

17. 6.67

Provo, Utah. . .. U.S.A.

13. 5.67

Fresno, Cal. ...

RELAYS

4 X 100 metres.. 38·2 s 4 x 110 yards

U.S.A.

Mexico City. . .. Mexico

3 miles . 5,000 metres . 6 miles . 10,000 metres . 10 miles . 20,000 metres Running 1 hour

3,000 metres Steeplechase

13. 5.67 15. 6.67 14.10.68 7. 5.66

U .S.A. Canada

16.10.68

··,,.-c" .... ...,.,....,...,._ . ._ . ...

3,000 metres 2 miles. . .

. . . ..

St. Louis, Mo.. , Edmonton, Alberta Houston, Texas Provo, Utah Mexico City ... , San Jose, CaI.. ..

1,500 metres . 3 m. 33·1 s. 1 mile . 3 m. 51-1 s. 2,000 metres .,. 4m.56·2s.

Event

21. 6.63 15. 7.66

19'8 s. . . . . . . . . .. T. Smith

1 m. 44.9 s. . 2 m. 16·2 s.

880 yards 1000 metres

·.···· U.S.A " ,..... " ., "

. ..

.. 38·6 s

4 x 200 metres .. 1 m. 22·1 s. 4 x 220 yards ... 1 m. 22·1 s. 4 x 400 metres .. 2 m. 56·1 s.

.. U.S.A. National Team ..... U.S.A (C. Greene, M. Pender, R. Smith, J. Hines) . Dniv. of California, ., ..... (E. McCulloch, F. Kuller, O. J. Simpson, L. Miller) San Jose State Col., D.S.A. (K. Shackelford, B. Talmadge, L. Evans, T. Smith) San Jose State College ..... (K. Shackelford, B. Talmadge, L. Evans, T. Smith) D.S.A. National Team ..... (V. Matthews, R. Freeman, L. James, L. Evans)

Mexico

13. 5.67 20.10.68

Mexico City ... Mexico

Time, Height or Distance

Event

Holder

.. .

3 m. 2·8 s. ... ... Trinidad & Tobago National Team . (L. Yearwood, K. Bernard, E. Roberts, W. Mottley) 4 x 800 metres . 7 m. 08·6 s. .... . German National Team. .. (M. Kinder, W. Adams, Relay D. Bogatzki, F. J. Kemper) 7 m. 14·6 s. ..... German National Team .... 4 x 880 yards (B. Tiimmler, \H. Norpoth, Relay W. Adams, F. J. Kemper) Equipe de France . . . . . . . .. 14 m. 49 s. 4 x 1500 metres (G. Vervoort, C. Nicolas, M. Jazy, J. Wadoux) 4 x 1 mile ... .. 16 m. 9 secs. ' " . University of Oregon . . .. (A. San Romani, V. Reeve, K. Forman, D. Burleson)

4x440 yards

Country

Date

Trinidad .....

13. 8.66

Kingston

13. 8.66

Wiesbaden . . . .. Germany

13. 6.68

Fulda

Germany

....

Place

Jamaica

........

France

25. 6.65

St. Maul' des Fosses

U.S.A

12. 5.62

Fresno, Cal. ... US.A.

Germany U.S.A

ZUrich Berne . Minneapolis . ZUrich Berne . Minneapolis Baton Rouge, La

" " ZUrich Berne . I' . MeXICO Mexico City Bloemfontein .. S. Africa

France

HURDLES 120 yards

13·2 s

110 metres

13.2 s

200 metres (straight) 220 yards . .. 200 metres (bend) 400 metres " 440 yards. . . . ..

21·9 s 21·9 s 22'5 s 48·1 s 49·3s

. M. Lauer L. Calhoun E. McCullouch . M. Lauer L. Calhoun E. McCullouch . D. Styron

. . . . . . .

U.'S.A.:::::::

7. 7.59 21. 8.60 16. 7.67 7.7.59 21. 8.60 16. 7.67 2. 4.60

. D. Styron . M. Lauer G. Davis . D. Hemery . G. Potgieter

. . . US.A . . G.B. &N.I. .. . S. Africa ....

2.4.60 7. 7.59 20. 8.60 14.10.68 16. 4.60

U.S.A

Switzerland

US.A. Switzerland

U.S.A. US.A.

_-------. - - - -

=,'=-=0=---="=r=======r=====r====r======= Time, Height or Distance

Event

Holder

Country

Date

Place

WALKING 20,000 metres .. 1 h. 27 m. 5 s..... 30,000 metres .. 2 h. 17 m. 16'8 s. 20 miles . 2 h. 31 m. 33 s . 30 miles . 4 h. 02 m. 33 s . 50,000 metres . 4 h. 10 m. 51'8 s.. 2 hours . 26,429 metres ... (16 mls. 743 yds.)

V. Golubnichiy A. Egorov A. Vedjakov C. Hohne C. Hohne A. Egorov

. U.S.S.R•.... . . . E. Germany: : . . U.S.S.R. . . ::

23. 15. 23. 16. 16. 15.

9.58 7.59 8.58 5.65 5.65 7.59

Simferopol • . . .. U.S.S.R. Leningrad ..... " Moscow....... " Potsdam . . . . . .. E. Germany Len'{ngrad: : : : :: U.S.S.R.

JUMPING High Jump

. V. Brumel

U.S.S.R. .

21. 7.63

Moscow. . . . . .. U.S.S.R.

Long Jump

. 2·28m (7 ft. 5i- in.) . 8·90m (29 ft. 2t in.) Triple Jump '" 17·39 m (57 ft. Ot in.) Pole Vault .... 5'38 m (17 ft. 7i- in.)

. B. Beamon

US.A

18.10.68

Mexico City ... Mexico

V. Saneyev

U.S.S.R

. P. Wilson . . . . . . . . . . • • . . .. U.S.A

17.10.68

23. 6.67

Bakersfield, Cal.

22. 4.67

U.S.A.

THROWING Shot

. 21·78 m .. (71 ft 5t in.) 66.54 m . (218 ft. 3i- in.) . 91·98 m . (301 ft. 9!- in.) 73·76m.....••.. (242 ft. 0 in.)

Discus Javelin Hammer

J. R. Matson

U.S.A

25. 5.68

Coil. Station, U.S.A. Texas Modesto, Cal. ..

J. Lusis ...............•. U.S.S.R.

23. 6.68

Saarijiirvi . . . . .. Finland

G. Zsivotsky .. . . . . . . . . . .. Hungary

14. 9.68

Budapest. . . . . .. Hungary

13/14 567 ..

Heidelberg ..... 1 Germany

L. J. Silvester

DECATHLON Decathlon

8,319,Points (1962 tables)

K. Bendlin

Germany

....

Time, Height or Distance

Event

Place

Date

Country

Holder

WOMEN RUNNING . B. Cuthbert I. Bochkareva 10·3 s . M. Mathews W. Tyus 11·0 s. . .. W. Tyus 22'5 s , . I. Szewinska 22·9 s . M. Burvill 51·9 s . Shin Geum Dan 52·4 s . J. Amoore·Pollock 2 m. 00·5 s. . . V. Nikolic 2 m. 2 s. . . D. Willis

. ,. . . . . . . . . .

7·2s

60 metres 100 yards . . . . .. 100 metres 200 metres. . . .. 220 yards ., . . .. 400 metres. . . .. 440 yards. .. 800 metres. . . .. 880 yards

. Australia . U.S.S.R. Australia . Jamaica . Mexico

Sydney Moscow Sydney Kingston Mexico City

Poiand': : : : : : Australia . Korea . Australia . Yugoslavia ., Australia .....

27. 2.60 28. 8.60 20. 3.58 17. 7.65 15.10.68 17.10.68 22. 2.64 23.10.62 27. 2.65 20. 7.68 3. 3.62

.'.' ::: Pyongyang . Perth .. Crystal Palace .. Perth , .

N. Korea Australia England Australia

U.s.S.R......

24.10.65

Tbilisi

U.S.S.R.

U.S.A

19.10.68

Mexico City ... Mexico

G.B. &N.I...

14. 9.68

Portsmouth .... England

U.S.S.R.•...

2.10.67

Leninakan ..... U.S.S.R.

Australia U.S.S.R. Australia U.S.A

. . . .

HURDLES I. Press

10.3 s

80 metres

RELAYS 4 X 100 metres .. 42·8 s

4 X 110 yards... 45·0 s

4 X 200 metres ., 1 m. 34·4 s. . .... 4 X 220 yards

...

.. 1 m. 36 s. .

U.S.A. National Team ..... (B. Ferrell, M. Bailes, M. Netter, W. Tyus) G.B. & N.I . (A. Neil, J. Simpson, M. Tranter, L. Board) U.S.S.R. National Team ... (N. Pechenkina, T. Borchikova, L. Tkachenko, L. Samotesova) G.D.R. Team . (H. Sadau, G. Birkemeyer, B. Mayer, C. Stubnick)

G.D.R

26. 7.58

Leipzig. . . . . . .. G.D.R

-_ - . - - - - - - - - - - - - , . -_ _. ...

....

Holder

Country

Date

. G. Britain National Team .. G.B. &N.I... (R. O. Stirling, P. B. Lowe, P. J. Piercy) 3 x 880 yards ... 6 m. 25'2 s. . .... G. Britain National Team .. .. " (R. O. Stirling, P. B. Lowe, P. J. Piercy) 3 x 800 metres .. 6 m. 20 s. .

Place

28. 8.67

London ........ England

30. 7.67

Budapest. . : .... Hungary

16. 7.61 14.10.68

Sofia . . . . . . . . .. Bulgaria Mexico City ... Mexico

JUMPING High Jump Long Jump

1'91 m. (6' J.!''') .. I. Balas 6·82 m. (22' 41"). V. Viscopoleanu

. Rumania ..... .

THROWING Shot. Discus Javelin Pentathlon

. . . .

19-61 m. m. (205' (64' 4"). 2-'.") 62'54 4" 62·40 m. (204' 8i") 5,246 points . . . ..

M G ummeI L. .Westermann E. Gorchakova I. Press

G.D.R " ... Germany . U.S.S.R .

. . .

20.10.68 Mexico City ... Mexico 24. 7.68 Werdohl . . . . . .. Germany 16.10.64 Tokyo Japan 16/17.10.64

NOTE.-DIstances, which are offiCially recorded metres and cenl'lO1e tres, h ave b een converted, for the IOforOlation . to the nearest quarterininch. of members, into feet and inches,

0"1

OFFICIAL LIST OF EUROPEAN TRACK AND FIELD RECORDS

(Recognised by the I.A.A.F. as at 31st December, 1968) Time, Height or Distance

Event

Place

Date

Country

Holder

MEN

...

RUNNING 100 yards 100 metres

9·4 s 10·OL

200 metres (straight)

20·4 s

200 metres (bend)

20·4 s

220 yards (straight) 220 yards (bend) 400 metres

. A. Hary . A. Hary R. Bambuck . M. Germar A. Seye

44·9 s.

440 yards 800 metres 880 yards 100 metres

45·9 s....... 1 m. 44·9 so' I m. 47·2 s 2 m. 16'2 s

.. .. .

1,500 metres ...... I mile ....

3 m. 36·3 s 3 m. 53,6 s

.. .

Event

. .. ..

5.59 6.60 6.68 7.57 9.60

.. ..

21. 6.64 3. 6.67 30. 7.67 16.10.68

M. Germar

Germany

2.10.57

P. Radford

G.B. & N.!. ..

28. 5.60

C. Kaufmann M. Jellinghaus R. Brightwell F. J. Kemper C. Carter J. May F. J. Kemper M. Jazy M. Jazy

Time, Height or Distance M. Jazy

3,000 metres 2 miles 3 miles 5,000 metres........ 6 miles 10,000 metres .... 10 miles I hour running....

7 m. 45·2 s . 8 m. 22·6 s . 13 nl. 3·4 s .. 13 m. 24'8 s. 27 m. 22·2 s . 28 m. 10·6 s. .. 46 m. 44 s 20,664 01. .. .. (12 mls., 1,478 yds.) 20,000 metres .... 58 m. 06·2 s. .. ..... 15 miles I hr. 1201.48·2 s. 25,000 metres 1 hI'. 15 m. 22·6 s. 30,000 metres 1 hr. 32 m. 25'4 s.

H. Norpoth M. Jazy L. Mecser H. Norpoth T. Johnston G. Roelants

3,000 metres Steeplechase

6.9.60 .. " . 17.10.68 G.B. & N.!. . .14. 7.62 7. 8.66 .. Germany 3.6'68 G.B. &N.I .. G.D.R . 20.7.65 .. 21. 9.66 Germany France . 25. 6.66 9. 6.65

Germany

. . .. .. . . .. ·

Holder

2,000 metres ........ 4 m. 56·2 s...

8 m. 24·2 s......

30. 21. 20. 31. 16.

. Italy . Poland France .. Germany

. S. Ottolina J. Werner R. Bambuck J. Eigenherr

.. 20·8 s. .. 20.5 s

.. Germany .. .. o'. . Germany · .. France

Country

.. Germany .. Switzerland .. D.S.A. Germany

Saarbrucken Warsaw Paris Mexico City

.. . .. France Mexico

Cologne

Germany

Wolverhampton

Date

England . Italy Mexico England . Germany .. England . G.D.R. .. Germany .. France .

Rome Mexico City London Hanover London Erfurt Hanover Sochaux Rennes

Place

12.10.66

Germany .. France Hungary ........ Germany G.B. &N.I..... Belgium G.B. & N.!. .... Belgium ...

6.6.67 23. 6.65 15. 7.67 7· 9.66 12. 7.68 21. 8.65 9.11.68 28.10.66

R. Hill .. R. Hill

G.B.' & N.I

J. Hogan

. G.B. & N.!. .. G.B. &N.I. .

28.10.66 21. 7.65 21. 7.65 12.11.66

J. Kuha........

Finland ..

17. 7.68

Leuven Bolton Bolton Walton-onThames Stockholm ..

France

20.10.68

Mexico City

Mexico

R. Hill

G. Roelants.

France

Leverkusen Zurich Sacramento Cologne Cologne

G. Roelants

. . .. .

St Maul' des Fosses Munster Melun London Cologne London Oslo Leicester Leuven

.. France .. Germany .. France England . Germany England .. Norway England .. Belgium . .. Enaland

Sweden

RELAYS 4 x lOO metres.... 38·4 s......... 4 x 110 yards

40·0 s

4 x 200 metres:... 1 m. 23·6 s

French National Team (G. Fenouil, J. Delecour, C. Piquemal, R. Bambuck) .. G.B. & N.I. (P. F. Radford, R. Jones, D. H. Jones, T. B. Jones) . S. V. Bayer 04 Leverkusen (Germany) (W. Fischer, J. Eigenherr, S. Konig, G. Hennige)

G.B. & N.!. ..

3.8.63

London

England

Germany ........

24. 7.68

Werdohl

Germany

Time, Height or Distance

Event

4 x 400 metres.... 3 m. 0·5 s. .

4 x 440 yards .... 3 111. 6· Ss.

800 metres.... 7 m. 8·6 s

4 x 880 yards

7 m. 14·6s

4 x 1500 metres

14 m. 49s. ..

4 x I mile

16 m. 24·8 s

Place

Holder

Counb'y

Date

German National Team (H. Muller, G. Hennige. M. Kinder, M. Jellinghaus) Polish National Team... (S. Gredzinski, J. Balachowski, J. Werner. A. Badenski) G.B. & N.I.1lII"ational Team (M. Winbolt-Lewis, P. Warden, J. Adey, T. J. Graham) National Team, Germany . (M. Kinder, W. Adams. D. Bogatzki. F. J. Kemper) . . German National Team (B. Tiimmler. W. Adams. H. Norpoth. F. J. Kemper) . .. French National Team (G. Vervoort, C. Nicolas, M. Jazy, J. Wadoux)

Germany ......

20.10.68

Poland

20.10.68

G.B.&N.I. ....

13. 8.66

Kingston ........ .... Jamaica

Germany

13. 8.66

Wiesbaden .. ...... Germany

13. 6.68

Fulda

25.6.65

St. Maul' des Fosses

France

17. 7.61

Santry, Dublin

Eire

7.7.59 7.7.59

Zurich Zurich

Switzerland

English Northern Counties Team (S. Taylor. J. Anderson. A. Simpson, B. Hall)

France

G.B. & N.I.

Mexico City

.... Mexico

HURDLES 120 yards 1I0 metres

. M. Lauer . M. Lauer

13'2 s 13·2 s

200 metres (stright) 220 yards (straight) 200 metres (bend) 400 metres 440yards

::::::::\

--_ _--_._-

.._

Time Height or Distance

Event

. .

Holder

.. 22·6 s

Country

M. Lauer

Germany

1. 7.59

Cologne

Germany

Zurich

Switzerland

15.10.68 15.10.61

Mexico City Rome

Mexico Italy

23. 15. 23. 16.

Simferopol Leningrad Moscow Potsdam

23·1 s

M. Lauer

2.10.57

. 22·5 s.

M. Lauer

7.7.59

. 48'1 s . 50·1 s .

D. Hemery S. Morale

G.B. &N.I. Italy

Place

Date

. .

WALKING 20.000 metres 30,000 metres 20 miles 30 miles 50,000 metres 2 hours

I h. 27 m. 5 s . 2 h. 17m. 16·8 s .. 2h. 31 m. 33 s . 4 h. 02 rn. 33 s. .. .. 4 h. 10 rn. 51·8 s . . 26,429 metres . (16 mls. 743 yds.)

. . . .

V. Golubnichiy A. Egorov A. Vedjakov C. Hohne . C. Hohne A. Egorov ..

. U.S.S.R . .. . . G.IfR..... :..... :.. :

9.58 7.59 8.58 5.65

16. 5.65

U.S.S.R. G.IfR.

U.S:S.R. :.:::.::

15. 7.59

Leningrad

U.S.S.R.

21. 7.63

Moscow............ U.S.S.R.

10.6.62

Erevan

17.10.68

Mexico City

U.S:S.R.

JUMPING High Jump Long Jump Triple Jump Pole Vault

2·28rn (7 ft. 5i in.) 8·31 rn (27 ft. 31 in.) : . 17·39 m (57 ft. ot in.) .. 5·4Orn (17 ft. 8t in.)

. V. BrumeJ... . I. Ter-Ovaneseyan

.. V. Saneev . C. Schiprowski

Germany

W. Nordwig............................ G.D.R

. .

16.10.68

. Mexico

.....

0-.

Event

Time Height or Distance

Place

Date

Country

Holder

THROWING Shot .. Discus Javelin Hammer

20·18 m (66 ft. in.) 65·22m (213 ft. l1i in.) . 91·98 m (30 I ft. 91 in.) . 73·76m (242 ft. 0 in.)

20. 7.68

Brescia ...

Italy

12.10.65

Sokolovo

23. 6.68

Saarijarvi

Czechoslovakia Finland

Hungary

14. 9.68

Budapest

Hungary

Gerlnany

13/14567 .

Heidelberg .......

Germany

.. H. Birlenbach

Germany

. L. Danek

Czechoslovakia

.. J. Lusis . G. Zsivotzky DECATHLON

Decathlon

8319 points

' K . Bendl III

Event

Time, Height or Distance

Holder

_---------_._-_..-

Country

Place

Date

WOMEN RUNNING 60 metres 100 yards.

7·2 s 10·610

100 metres

11·1 s

200 metres 220 yards ..

22·5 s 23·6 s

400 metres 440 yards ..... 800 metres 880 yards. 1,500 metres I mile

52·0 s. 53·7 s 2 min. 00'5 s.. 2rn.03·Os. 4m.15·6s 4 m. 37·0 s ..

. I. Bochkareva . H. J. young D. Hyman M. Rand D. Arden .. I. Szewinska .. I. Szewinska .. .. M. Itkina D. Arden !. K irszenstein C. Besson . M. Itkina V. Nikolic V. Nikolic . M. Gommers A. R. Smith

.. G.B. & N.I. . .. . .. Poland' ....

. ..

n,'

.. U.S:S.R. G.B. & N.!. .... . Poland .. France :::::::::::. . U.S.S.R. . Yugoslavia .... :::: G.B. & N.!. ....

28· 8.60 22. 7.58 4.7.64

" 9.7.65

Moscow Cardiff London

" .. ........ Prague

18.10.68 22. 7.56 4.7.64 6.7.65 18.10,68 12.9.59 20.7.68 5. 7.67 24.10.67 3. 6.67

Mexico City ....... Kiev ................... London ................ S'antry, Dublin ... Mexico City Krasnodar Crystal Palace .... Stockholm ... Sittard Chiswick ............

vakia Mexico U.S.s..R. England Eire Mexico U.S.S.R. England Sweden Netherlands Great Britain

19.10.68

Mexico City

Mexico

20.10.68

Mexico City

RELAYS 4 x 100 m. .......

43·4 s.

43·4 s

Dutch National Team ........ Holland ........ (W. van der Berg, M. Sterk, C. Bakkes, G. Hennipman) .. Russian National Team U.S.S.R. ........ (L. Sarcova, G. Bukharina. V. Popkova, L. Samotesoya)

U.S.S.R. Wales England

......,J

Time,' Height or Distance

Event

Holder

. G.B. & N.I. .... . G.B. and N.I. (A. Neil, J. Simpson, M. Tranter, L. Board) U.S.S.R . 4 x 200 metres I m. 34·4 s · V.S.S.R. National Team (N. Pechenkina, L. Tkachenko, T. Borchikova, L. Samotesova) G.D.R .. 4 X 220 yards. ... 1 m. 36 s. ." .... " ,..

4 x 110 yds

Place

Date

Country

45·0 s

. England

14.9.68

Portsmouth

2.10.67

Leninakan ........ V.S.S.R.

26.7.58

Leipzig

G.D.R.

28.8.67

London

England

30.7.67

Budapest

Hungary

24.10.65

Tbilisi

V.S.S.R.

16. 7.61 14.10.68

Sofia Mexico City

Bulgaria Mexico

B. Mayer, C. Stubnick) .

3 x 800 metres.... 6 m 20 s. 3 x 880 yds......... 6 m. 25'2s

Great Britain National Team G.B. & NJ..... (R. O. Stirling, P. B. Lowe, P. J. Piercy) Great Britain National Team G.B. & N.I. .... (R. O. Stirling, P. B. Lowe, P. J. Piercy) HURDLES

80 metres

10'3 s

.. I. Press

V.S.S.R

JUMPING 1·91 (6 ft. 3 in.) . 6·82m. (22 ft. 4i in.)

High Jump Long Jump

I. Balas V. Viscopoleanu

. Rumania ..

------,....

....

='::::i===r======r======;:====;:=====

-_.._.__._,.,=" Event

Time, Height or Distance

Holder

Country

Place

Date

THROWING Sbot ...... Discus Javelin

19·61 m .... ", ... (64 ft. 4 in.) 62·54 in......... (205 ft. 2 in.) 62·40 (204 ft. 8i in.)

M. Gummel

G.D.R

20.10.68

Mexico City.

Mexico

L. Westermann

Germany' ........

24. 7.68

Werdohl

Germany

E. Gorchakova

V.S.S.R.........

16.10.64

Tokyo

Japan

16/1710 . .64 Tokyo

.. Japan

PENTATHLON Pentathlon

5,246 points

I. Press

V.S.S.R

......,J

......

OFFIC IAL LIST OF OLYM PIC GAME S RECO RDS Time, Height or Distance

Event

Country

Holder

Date

Place

1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1956 1964 1968 1968

Mexico City Mexico

MEN 9·9 s 19.8 s 43·8 s I 111.44'3 s 3 m. 34·9 s 13 m. 39·6 s 28 m. 24'4 s 13·3 s 48·1 s

lOO metres . 200 metres . . . . . . . . 400 metres . 800 metres 1500 metres . 5,000 metres . 10,000 metres . 110 m. Hurdles . 400 m. Hurdles . 3,000 m. 8 111. 30·8 s. . Steeplec hase 4 x 100 m. Relay ... 38·2 s

. . . . .

. . .

. . . .

2·24 m. (7' 4") 8'90 m. (29' 2*") 17'39 m. (57' Ot") 5·40 m. (17' 8t")

Shot Discus Hamme r Javelin Decathlo n

·.··· . ·. . . .

20·68 m. (66' 8-!") 64·78 m. (212' 6") 73-36 m. (240' 8") 90·10 m. (295' 7") 8,193 points

U.S.A

. . . :.... . . ······ ,. .

. ....

Kenya D.S.s.R U.S.A

G::8.

. . G. Roelants . D.S.A. (C. Greene, M. Pender, R. Smith, J. Hines) . . U.S.A. (V. Matthew s, R. Freeman , L. James, L. Evans) . ····· . R. Fosbury R. Beamon . . V. Saneyev . B. Seagren . C. Schiprow ski . W. Nordwig . R. Matson . . . . A. Oerter . . G. Zsivotzk y . . J. Lusis . . W. Toomey

4 x 400 m. Relay.. . 2 m. 56·1 s Migh Jump Long Jump Triple Jump Pole Vault

J. Hines T. Smith L. Evans R. UQubell K. l<'eino V.Kuc W. Mills W. Davenpo rt D. Hemery

. .

N.I.

" Tokyo " Japan Mexico City Mexico

Belgium ....

1964

Tokyo .... Japan

U.S.A

1968

Mexico City Mexico

U.'S.S.R. U.S.A Germany G.D.R. US.A. D.S.S.R . D.S.A

.,. .

1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1968

EVent Best performa nces in 20,000 metres Road Walk 50,000 metres Road Walk. . . . .. Maratho n

Time Height or Distance

Holder

Country

Date

Place

events where World Records are not recognized

I h. 29 m. 34 s 4 h. 11 m. 12'4 s 2 h. 12m. 11'2 s

K. Matthew s

. G.B. & N.I.

1964

Tokyo

A. Pamich B. Abebe

. Italy ........ . Ethiopia ....

1964 1964

Tokyo.

1968 1968 1964 1968 1968 1968

Mexico City

WOM EN

100 metres 200 metres 400 metres

11·0 s. " . . . . . . . . . . . .. W. Tyus , '" .. 22'5 s. " , I. Szewins ka . . . .. 52·0 s " B. Cuthber t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. C. Besson 800 metres 2 m. 00'9 s. M. Manning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 80 m. Hurdles , 10·3 s. . . . . . .. M. Caird " . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 X 100 m. Relay. .. 42·8 s. •. . . . . . . . . . . . .. D.S.A. I (B. Ferrell, M. Bailes, M. Netter, W. Tyus) , . .. High Jump 1.90 m. (6' 2-3:") . I. Balas . Long Jump . 6·82 m. (22' 4t V. Viscopo leanu . Shot . 19·61 m. (64' 4") . M. GU01me ll . Discus . 58·28m. (191' 2H ) • • • • • L. Manoliu . Javelin .. , . 62·40 m. (204' 8t,,) . E. Gorchak ova . Pentathl on . 5,246 points . I. Press . H

)

••••••

U.S.A Poland Australi a France D.S.A Australi a

. . . . . .

D.S.A

1968

:: . .

1964 1968 1968 1968 1964 1964

Rumani a Rumani a D.S.S.R

. Japan

. "

.......

Mexico

Tokyo Japan Mexico City Mexico

... .. . " Tokyo .... Japan Mexico City Mexico . " " . TOkyo .. Japan ...... .. "

." .

NOTE: -Distan ces, which are officially recorded in metres and centimet res, have been converte d, for the informat ion ofme11lbers, into feet and inches, to the nearest quarter inch.

----------

-----------

174

175

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS Held in conjunction with the Olympic Games, Mexico City, 1968

MEN 100 METRES 1. J. Hlincs, U.S.A., 9'9 s. 2. L. MHler, Jamaica 10'0 s. 3. C. Oreene, U.s.A. 10'0 s. 200 M'ETRES 1. T. Smith, U.s.A., 19'8 s.

2. P. Nonnan, AustNJiia, 20'0 s. 3. J. Carl'OS, U.s.•L\., 20'0 s.

400 METRES 1. L. E¥ans, U.S.A., 43-8 s. 2. L. James, U.S.A., 43'9 s. 3. R. Freeman, U.S.A., 44'4 s. 800 MErRES 1. R. DolibdJ, AustraJ:i.a, 1 I;Il. 44'3 s. 2. W.Kiipnigut, Kenya, 1 mt44'5 s. 3. T. Farrell, U.s.A., Im. 45'4 s. METRES 1. K. Keino, KenY'll, 3 m. 34'9 s. 2. J. Ryan, U.S.A., 3 m. 37'8 s. 3. B. Tummler, Germany, 3 m. 39·0 s. 5,000 METRES 1. M. Gammoudi, Tunisia.,.. 14 m. 05 s. 2. K. K.e'ino, Keny>a, 14 m. 05'2 s. 3. N. Temu, Kenya, 14 m. 06'4 s.

20 KILOMETRE WALK. 1. V. Golubnicbiy, U.S.S.R., 1 b. 33 m. 58'4 s. 2. J. Pedraza, Mexico, 1 b. 34 m. 005. 3. N. Smaga, U.s.S.R., 1 b. 34 m. 03'4 s. 50 KILOMETRE WALK 1. C. Hohne, G.D.R., 4 h. 20 m. 13'6 s. 2. A. Kiss, Hungary, 4 h. 30 m. 17'0 s. 3. L. Young, U.S.A., 4 h. 31 m. 55'4 s. 4 x 100 METRES RELAY 1. U.S.A. (C. Greene, M. Pender, R. Smith, J. Hines), 38'2 s. 2. Cuba (H. Ramirez, J. Morales, P. Montcs, E. FigueroIa), 38'3 s. 3. F1I'aOCe (G. FenouiI, J. Delecour, C. Piquemal, R. Bambuck), 38'4 s.

4 x 400 METRES RELAY 1. U.S.A. (V. Matthews, R. Freeman, L. lames, L. EvaDiS), 2 m. 56'1 s. 2. Kenya (D. Rudisba, M. Nyamau, N. Bon, C. Asa1:i), 2 m. 59'6 s. 3. Germany (H. MulIer, M. KiDder. G, Hennige, M. Jell.inghaus), 3

m. 00'5 s.

MARATHON

10,800 METRES 1. N. Temu, Kenya, 29 m. 27'4 s. 2. M. Wolde, Ethiopia, 29 m. 28 s. 3. M. Gammoudi, Tunisia, 29 m. 34'2 s.

1. M. Wolde, Ethiopia, 2 h. 20 m. 26'4 s. 2. K. K1imihara, Japan, 2 h. 23 m. 31 s. 3. M. Ryan, N. Zealand, 2 h. 23 m. 45 s.

110 METRES HlJllDLES 1. W. Davenport, U.S.A., 13'3 s. 2. E. U.S.A., 13'4 s. 3. E. Ottoz, Italy, 13'4 s.

mGH JUMP 1. R. Fosbury, U.S.A., 2'24 m. (7 ft. 4* in.) 2. E. Ca:ruthers, U.S.A., 2'22 m. (7 ft. 31- in.) 3. V. Gavrilov, U.S.S.R., 2'20 m. (7 ft. 2t in,)

400 METRES HURDLES 1. D. Hemery, G.B. & N.I., 48'1 s. 2. G. Hennige, Germany, 49'0 s. 3. J.Sherwood, G.B. & N.I., 49'0 s. 3,000 METRES STEEPLCHASE 1. A. Biwott, Kenya, 8 m. 511 s. 2. B. K-ogo, Kenya, 8 m. 51'6 s. 3. G. Young, U.S.A., 8 m. 51'8 s.

LONG JUMP 1. R. Beamon, U.iS.A., 8'90 m. (];9 .ft. 21' in.) 2. K. Beer, G.D.R., 8'19 ID. (26 ft. lOt .in.) 3. RBoston, U.S.A.,S·16 m. (26 ft. 9* in.)

TRIPLE lUMP HAMMER 1. V. Saneev, U.S.S.R., 17'39 m. 1. G. Zsivotzky, Hungary, 73'36 m. (57 ft. ot Iin.) · 2. N. P ru d enC1Q, Brazil, 17'27 m. 2 R v>: US S (24() ft. 8t in.) . . AHm, " .R., 73'28 m. ,. (56 ft. 8 in.) , (240 ft. Sin.) 3. G. G entile, Fmly, 17'22 m. 3 - L. Lovasz, Hungary, 69'78 m. (56 ft. 6 in.) (228 ft. 11t in.) POLE VAULT 1. B. Sea1lI'en, U.S.A., 5'40 m. JAVELIN . . (17 ft. St in.) 2. C. Scblprowski, Germany, 5'40 m. 1. J. Lusis, U.S.S.R., 90'10 m.) 2 J m (295 'ft. 7t in.) · G (17 ft. 8t in.) 3. W. N o rd'\Y.lg, . . ......nnunen, Finland, 8S'58 m. .D.'R., 5'40 m. (290 tt. 7t .in.) (17 ft. St in.) 3 . G. Kulcsar, Hungary, 87'06 m. SHOT (285 ft. 7t in.) 1. R. Mll'oon, U.B.A., 20'54 m. (67 ft. 4tin.) DECATHLON G. WOO'ds, U.S.A., 20'12 m. 1. W. Toomey, V.S.A., (10'4 s., 7'87 ft. ot in.) . (66 3 . E . Gushchin, U.S.S.R., 20'09 m. m., 13'75 m.,l·95 m., 45''6 s., 14'9 s., 43-68 m., 4'20 m., 62'80 m., (65 ft. 11 'in.) 4 m. 57',1 s.), 8,193 points 2. H. Walde, Germany (10-9 -s 7'64 DISCUS m., 15'13 m., 2'01 m., 49=0 s., 1. A. Oerter U.S.A., 64'78 m. 14'8 s., 43'54 m., 4'30 m., 71.62 2. L. 'M'.'d GDR m., 4 s.), 8,111 points. la e, . . . , 63 08 ft.m.6t in.) 3 . K. Benc:Uin, Germany (l0'7 s. 'I L D (206 ft. Ut in.) 7-56 m., 14'74 m., 1'80 m., 48'3 s.' _. . anek, Czechoslovaklia, 62'92 m. 15'0 s., 4Q'76 m., 4'60 m., 75'42 (206 ft. 5* in.) m., 5 rn, 09·8 s.), 8,064 points.

176

177 WOM EN

100 METRE S 1 W. Tyus, U.S.A., 11'0 s. 2. B. FerreU, U.S.A., 11·1 s. 3. 1. Szewiinska, Pol!and, H'l s.

200 METRE S 1. 1. Szewins ka, Poloand, 22'5 s. 2. R. BoY'le, AustItali:a, 12·7 s. 3. J. Lwny, AusuraliiJa, 22'8 s.

400 METRE S 1. C. Besson, fuance 52'0 s. 2. L. Board, G.B. & N.L, 52'1 s. 3. N. Pechenld na, U.S.S.R ., 52'2 s.

800 METRE S 1. M. MannJing, U.S.A., 2 m. 00'9 s. 2. I. Siloai, Rurriam a, 2 m. 02·5 s. 3. M. Qomme rs, Holland , 2 m. 02·6 s. 80 METRE S HURDL ES 1. M. Caird, AusLralia, 10'3 s. 2. P. K:ilborn, Australi a, lq'4 s. 3. C. Q1i, Taiiwan, 10·4 s. 4 x 100 METRE S RELAY 1. U.S.A. CB. Fenrell, M. Bailes, M. Ne\lter, W. Tyus), 42'8 s. 2. Cuba (M. Ekjarde , F. Romay, V. Quesada , M. Cobian) , 43'3 s. 3. U.S.S.R . (L. Zbarkov a, G. BukhariDa, V. Poploova, L. Samotesoya). 43,4 s. i mGH roMP 1 M RezkoV'a, Czechos1oVlliklia, ., 1·82 m. (5 ft. ut in.) 2. A. Olroroko va, U.S.S.R ., 1'80 (5 ft. 11 m.) 3. V. KQZY'l", U.S.S.R ., 1-80 m. (5 ft. 11 in.)

1. 2

. 3.

LONG JUMP V. Viscopo leanu, Rumani a, 6'82 m. (22 ft. 4-!- in,) S. Sherwoo d, G.B. & N.l., 6'68 m. (21 ft. 11 in.) T. TalysheV'a, U.S.S.R ., 6'66 J.D:' (21 ft. 10" m,) SHOT M. Gummel G.D.R., 19'61 m. , (64 ft. 4 in.) M. Lange, G.D.R., 18'78 m. (61 ft. 7± in.) N. ChiZloova, U.iS.S.R ., 18'19 m. (59 ft. in.)

DISCUS L. Manoliu , Rumanli:a, 58'28 m. (191 ft. 2iin.) L.Weste rmann, German y, 57'76 m. (189 H. 6 in.) J. Kleiber, Hungary , 54'90 m .. (180 ft. H In.)

JAVELI N 1. A. Nemeth, Hungary , 60'36 m. (198 ft. ot in.) 2. M. Penes, Rumani a, 59'92 m .. (196 ft. 8 m.) 3. E. J'anko, AustIiia, 58'04 m. (190 ft. 5 ill.) PENTA THLON 1. 1. Becker, German y (10'9 S" 11-48 m., 1'71 m., 6'43 m., 23'5 m.), 5,098 points. 2. L. Prokop, Ausllriia (11'2 s. 14·61 m., 1'68 m., 5'97 m., 25·1 s.), 4,968 pOints. 3. A. Tofu, Hungary (10'9 s., 12'69 m., 1'59 m., 6'12 m., 23·8 s.), 4,959 points.

(NOTE. -Distanc es, which are officially recorded in metres a.nd have been converte d, for the informa tion of members , mto feet and mches, to the nearest quarter inch.

INDE X Rule ,, .

Adver tisingrecord attemp t rules use of name Age-cr oss-eo untry Alterat ions to rules Amate ur status Annou ncer .,. Appara tus .,. Area Champ ionship s Assist ancecross-e ountry in event ... marath on shoes walk Award s-valu e Bell ... Broadc asting- radio & T.V.

148 101 53 168 10 ...51-55 125 201-216 .. .12-13

168 142 165 142 191 12

Discu sgeneral cage circle constru ction flags sectors ties trials Disqua lificati onconduc t ... delays doping ' '" interference out of lane relay starting '" Dopin g-drug s Draw

122 53

Champ ionshi psArea 13 World 13 Check- marks 142:171 Clothin g 142 Compe tition, The ... 142 Compe tition Rules 101-195 Congress ... . .. 7 Consti tution of the LA.A.F . ... 1-14 Conve rsion-w eights & measur es 102 Counci l ... 6 Cross-e ountry 168 Decath lon ... WorId records ... Directi on of runnin g

Rule

No.

195 148 161

Electrical timing Eligib ility- countr y interna tional Entries Expenses Finals Finish general judges posts Flags cross-e ountry sector throwin g events ... tracks walkin g Footwe ar Gloves

No.

181 :183 208 183:209 ... 205 212:181 211 :181 146 142:143:181 116

142 144 142 142 142 :166 162 144 143 119

12 52 141 53

143

162

117

162:216 168 212:181 181 :212 161 191 142 185

-----

179

178 Rule No.

Rule No. Hamm ergeneral ... cage circle construction flags sectors ties trial/order Handicaps ... Heats High jump genera l' ... apparatus ties Hurdl esgeneral ... construction wind

181:18 5 ...

171 :172 201 146 163 213 148

I.A.A.F. constitution Implem entscomply I.A.A.F. .. specifications Improper conduct . Inclin ationfield track Interference Intermediate times ... International meetings Invitations Javeli ngeneral construction sector/flags ties trials/order Judge scross-country field racing walking ...

208

185:20 9 .. , 207 181 :212 181 :211 ... 146 181 :142:143 .. , 148 .. , 143

... 1-14 ... 149 201-21 6 j'"

116

171 :181 161 :148 142 142 12 12

181-18 2 ... 204 211 :212:181 ... 146 181 :142:143 .. , 168 117 :142 ... 117 117 :191

Jump sgeneral specifications trials/order Juniors--cross-country Juryduties Lanes Langu agemeetings ... start Lap scorers Lap times Level sjumps records throwing ... tracks Long jump general ... specifications ties trials/order wind

Rule No. Offici alscross-country duties Olymp icschampionships â&#x20AC;˘... One-hour race

171-175 201-203 171 :142 ... 168 115 :147 142:161 9 162 122 142

-171 148 181 161 171-174 ... 203 ... 146 171 :142:143 148

112 Manager 165 Marath on 124 Marshal 145 :102:165 Measurements Medic al165 marath on 166 relay 191 walking 141 :148 women 4 Membership of LA.A.F.

Nominations for LA.A.F. 6 Committees Numbers--eompetitors 121 :142 Objects of the I.A.A.F. Officers of the LA.A.F.

Resin

168" '" 111-126 Scholarships '"

13 162

Pentat hlon195 general ... 143 heats 148 world records 13 Permits for Area Game s... 117 :162 Photo- finish- judges 168 Pointsmen--eross-country Pole vaultgeneral ... 171 :173 grip

numbers '" specifications ties Private implements Prizes Protests

... 142 ... 142 201 :202 ... 146 173:14 9 ... 12 :53 147

Qualifications for representing country 12 Qualifying compe titions general ... 143 Recall Starters Recontest Recorders Recor dsWorld Referees Refres hment scross-country marath on walking Relay sbatons general lanes Re-run

Rule No.

161 :162 116 :142 123 148 116 168 165 191 214

166

152 :161 116:14 2

142 12

Scorin gcross-country 168 decathlon 195 142 international matches pentathlon 195 Secre.tary ... 113 Seeding 143 168 Seniors--eross-country Shot184 :181 general '" ... 209 circles ... 206 construction 181 :211:212 sectors/flags 210 stop board 146 ties 142:143:181 trials/order ... 142 Simultaneous events 201 :216 Specifications ... 165 Sponging points '" 161 :162:168 Start 120:162:168 Starter 121 :162 Starter's Assistants 162 :215 Starting blocks '" 164 Steeplechase '" 111 Stewards 4 Subscription fees 126:145 Surveyor 11 Suspensions

Tapes -steel 145:148 Team scross-country 168 track 167 track 167 8 Technical Committee 114 Technical Manag er' Throwing general 142:143 :181 :185 specifications 204:21 2 ties '" 146 trials 142:143:181

180 Rule

Rule

No.

WalkingTiesgeneral rules 168 cross-country judges ." .. , 195 decathlon 'Lugano' TroI?hy 195 pentathlon safety precautIOns 167 teams shoes 146 track/field .. . ... Walking Committee 143 Time-interval-heat & final Watches Timekeepers195 Water jump decathlon 119 Weights duties 162 Wind-record one/two hours races 195 pentathlon Wooden surfaces 148 W orId records records .. , 119 :162 Torso Worsted ... 161 Tracks 14 WomenTravel expenses Committee Triple jumpcompetition rules 175:171 general ... cross-country ... 203 take-off board discus ties ... :171 146 hurdles ... ... 142:143 trials javelin ... ... 148 wind officials 162 Two-hours race nationality medical certificate 118 :168 Umpires pentathlon shot 4 Voting powers

.,. 191 117 :191 192 191

142

(Mexico City)

119

Instructional film

164 145 148 148 148:381 162

(8 and 16mm reels and 8 and 16mm loops)

101 168

...

I.A.A.F. Olympic Games

205 163 204 111

... 12 141 :148 ," 195 .,.

206

These may be obtained from the I. A. A. F's. official photographer: MR. TONI NETT,

7 STUTIGART-MOENCHFELD, WELSWEG 1, W. GERMANY for educational and instructional (coaching) purposes. The price of the full length film is 1,000 D.M. (16mm) and 711 D.M. (8mm) and the single reels are from 110 D.M. to 160 (16mm) and 83 D.M. to 123 D.M. (8mm)

. 5 THE HILLINGDON PRES .

PRINTED iN ENGLAND !!Y. ., or,' . 'DDLESEX P!{ESS L.D.', U.,BRd---'JE, :.11