IAAF HandBook 1975-1976 by The Marshal

I.A.A.F. PUBLICATIONS I.A.A.F. Handbook 1975/76 (English)

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I.A.A.F. Handbook 1975/76 (French)

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I.A.A.F. Bulletin (4 copies per year in English and French) Subscription £1.00 I.A.A.F. Directory-1975 Edition Price 50p I.A.A.F. Scoring Tables for Men's Track and Field Events. Price 50p I.A.A.F. Scoring Tables for Women's Track and Field Events. Price 30p lA.A.F. Progressive World Record Lists-1913-1974 Price 60p Guidance for Walking Judges Metric Conversion Tables Standard Edition Pocket Edition

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Designs for 400 m. Track and Field Terrain (4 designs) I Athletic arena lay-out;

3 Steeplechase courses;

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All prices include handling and surface mail postage costs Copies of the above publications can be obtained from the INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION 162 UPPER RICHMOND ROAD, PUTNEY, LONDON, SWIS 2SL

This Handbook is copyright and no part may be reproduced without the permission of the Council of the International Amateur Athletic Federation

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INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION FOUNDED in 1912 OFFICIAL HANDBOOK 1975/76

Address: Cables: Telephone:

162, Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW 15 2SL. "Marathon,"London,S.W.15. 01-789 3853

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President: THE MARQUESS OF EXETER. Honorary Life Vice-Presidents: . Bo EKELUND D. T. P. PAIN Honorary Secretary- Treasurer: F. W. HOLDER Executive Director: J. B.. HOLT --------------- - --------- ------

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FOREWORD

CONTENTS Rules

DIVISION I

Page

Foreword The Federation History Officers, Council, Committees Panel of International Walking Judges Veterans of the LA.A.F. List of Members

3 4 9

13 15 18

DIVISION II

Constitution Constitution of LA.A.F. Eligibility and Amateur Status

1-16 51-54

37 61

DIVISION III

International General Section I II III IV V VI " VII " VIII

Competitions Officials ... Competition Rules (General) ... Running Events Jumping Events Throwing Events Walking Events Pentathlon-Decathlon ... Specifications for Official Implements and Apparatus

101 111-126 141-149 161-168 171-175 181-185 191-192 195 201-216

63 63 74 94 liS

121 127 130

132

DIVISION IV World Championships

...

301-309

153

DIVISION V

Statistics List of Events for which World Records are recognised. World Record Application Forms World Track and Field Records Olympic Games Records ... World Championships Munich

381

157 158 162 168 170 172

INDEX

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It is my pleasant task once again to preface the official LA.A.F. Handbook for the coming two years1975/1976. Following the successful Congress held in Rome at the end of August 1974, certain additions and modifications were made to our Constitutional and Technical Rules, and all are incorporated in this new edition. Membership has continued to increase since the last handbook was published in 1973, and we now have 150 affiliated Members. It is also important to mention the establishment of two more Continental Associations, for Africa and Asia, both of which submitted their Constitutions to the Rome Congress. Since the Munich Olympic Games, LA.A.F. representatives have been appointed to supervise the athletic events at 18 major Championships or Games, which have taken place in all of the six LA.A.F. Area Groups. In addition, the LA.A.F. International Walking Competition for the "Lugano Trophy" was held at its birthplace, Lugano, in 1973, and two most successful International Cross Country Competitions have been staged in Belgium and Italy respectively, with over 20 Nations represented. One ofthe most significant developments in our activity, however, is the Technical Aid Programme, about which all Members have received a special Report. In the coming two years, it is hoped that many projects in this field of coaching can be realised. Among the problems which have faced us, there have been, not unexpectedly, some considerable political ones, for the more successful we are, the greater is the temptation for Governments to try and use our sport as a political weapon. This of course we have strongly resisted, for to give way would undermine the basis of our world-wide sport and the tremendous part that it is playing as a great social movement to bring all people together. Our sport too must always be governed by rules which the Members

have freely laid down and which are accepted and maintained by all. During the past period, we have lost two of our honoured Veterans, H. M. King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden and Ernest Clynes (G.B. & N.L), and it is with sincere regret that we record their passing. The work of the LA.A.F. continues to increase, and I should like to pay tribute to our administration, with Mr Frederick Holder as Honorary Secretary-Treasurer, our Director Mr John Holt, and Mrs Fernandez in the Bureau. They have given unstintingly of their time, whether in working hours or not, to ensure the smooth and successful running of the Bureau. We do indeed owe them a great debt of gratitude. As far as the future of Athletics in the World is concerned, it is indeed good, and I am sure that the dedicated enthusiasm of our Members will overcome the many challenging problems which undoubtedly will continue to face us on our way. EXETER, President. December, 1974 HISTORY Over 62 years ago, on July 17th, 1912, three days after the last athletics event of the Olympic Games had been decided, a Congress was held in Stockholm for the formation of an International Amateur Athletic Federation. The following 17 countries were represented at this historic meeting-Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States. Discussion was based on the best way to form an international governing body for Athletics,Âˇ the need for which had become apparent owing to the development of international contests and the Olympic Games. A universal code of rules and regulations and a common amateur definition acceptable throughout the world had become essential, as well as an authentic register of World and Olympic records.

Though this meeting in Stockholm was, strictly speaking, an exploratory one, records of the LA.A. F. regard it as the first Congress and subsequent Congresses up till the XXIXth in Rome in 1974 have been designated accordingly. One year later in Berlin, Congress accepted the first Constitution and 34 Nations figured in the first Membership list. Mr J. Sigfrid Edstr6m (Sweden) was elected President and Mr Kristian Hellstr6m Honorary Secretary-Treasurer. The first Technical Rules for international competition were presented in 1914 at the third Congress in Lyons, France, by the new Honorary Secretary, Hilding Kjellman (Sweden), and Members were urged to adopt similar rules for their domestic competitions. In the inaugural list of World Records published that year, there were 53 Men's Records for running and hurdling events (compare 28 events in 1975),30 Walking events (compare 6 in 1975) and 3 more Field Event Records than the present list includes, namely the Standing Long Jump, Standing High Jump and Throwing the 25 Kg Weight. As early as 1921, the LA.A.F. was in close contact with the LO.C., and the fourth Congress that year was held in Geneva immediately before the LO.C. Congress at the same venue. By 1924, a separate International Federation governing Women's Athletics had been founded, the F.S.F.L, and at the Paris Congress (1924) the LA.A.F. supported the F.S.F.L request for the inclusion of five Women's events in the Amsterdam Olympic Games-l0Gm, 800m, 4x lOOm, High Jump and Discus. In 1926, the K.N.A.U. (Netherlands) presented the first "slow-motion" apparatus for photo-finish judging, to eliminate the human factor from finish judging and timing. This was used in 1928 at the Amsterdam Games, and in 1930 electrically timed performances were accepted for World Record purposes. The award of the Veteran Pin was instituted in 1928,

with 12 initial recipients. At the Amsterdam Congress also, the first Doping Rule was approved and incorporated in the Handbook. Finally, the present definition for Walking-"Walking is progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained"was accepted by the 1928 Congress. In 1930, Mr Bo Ekelund (Sweden) became the third Honorary Secretary-Treasurer-a post he held until 1946. A prominent member of the Rules and Records Committee at that time was Mr Avery Brundage. This was the body then responsible for keeping World Records, and this task fell principally to Mr Szilard Stankovits (Hungary) who was also largely responsible for the decision to stage the first European Championships (1934, Turin). In 1946, the LA.A.F. Headquarters moved from Stockholm to London when Lord Burghley (now the Marquess of Exeter) took over from J. Sigfrid Edstrom as President. E. J. H. "Billy" Holt was Honorary Secretary-Treasurer until after the 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games, when Donald Pain took over this responsibility, a position he held for 17 years. The steady growth of the Federation in the years up to 1950 accelerated in the next two decades and by the endof1974, Member countries in affilation numbered 150. Continental and Regional Games and Championships, which help in assessing overall progress and provide an incentive to all countries within the group, continued to develop. From their foundation in 1934, the European Championships were under the control of the European Committee of the LA.A.F. At the 1968 Congress, however, the Constitution was amended to provide for the setting up of Continental Area Associations within the LA.A.F., and the European Athletic Association (E.A.A.) was formed soon afterwards, its Constitution being ratified at the 1970 LA.A.F. Congress. The E.A.A. Council took over the work of the European Committee, and the expanded European athletic programme now includes Indoor and Junior

Championships, the European Cup and European Combined Events Cup. The Statutes of the Oceania Regional Group were approved at the Munich Congress (1972) and those of the African Amateur Athletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.) and the Asian Amateur Athletic Association (A.A.A.A.) were approved by the 1974 Congress in Rome. The first Asian Championships were held in Manila in 1973. Another major change in the Constitution adopted in 1968 was to include in the Council a representative of each of the six Continental Areas, elected by the Members in those Area Groups, in order to ensure truly worldwide representation in the Council. Women's athletics continues to produce ever-improving performances in ever greater depth. The 3000m and 400m Hurdles join the ranks of World Record events, the latter to replace the 200m Hurdles which has not proved popular. The points table in use for the Women's Pentathlon and other events was reviewed in 1970, when new tables for the 400m and 1500m were provided, in addition to a re-evaluation of existing tables. A new edition of the 1962 Men's tables was also introduced in 1972, incorporating the intermediate tables to 1/100th of a second. The Amateur Status Rules have come under close scrutiny in recent years, and in May 1974 the Committee formed in Munich submitted its Report for study by Members. Possible changes will be considered at the 1976 Montreal Congress. The Coaching Aid Scheme has recently undergone considerable development, and a more ambitious programme will be undertaken in the near future now that greater funds are available. This, linked with the everincreasing athletic activity organised in all Continents by LA.A.F. Members, underlines the constant aim of the Federation-to establish closer links between itself and National governing bodies, and to increase the liaison between athletics leaders in all parts of the WorId for the benefit of the sport.

COUNCIL c

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The Marquess of Exeter, President, LA.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL.

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F. W. Holder, Honorary Secretary-Treasurer, 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL.

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*H. M. Agabani, P.O. Box 1525, Khartoum, Sudan.

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*J. C. da Costa, Av. N.S. Copacabana 380, Apt. 1102, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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M. Danz, Ochsenallee 1/2, 3500 Kassel, Germany.

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R. Dubief, Federation Fran9aise d'Athletisme, 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75 010 Paris, France.

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*D. J. Ferris, A.A.U. of the U.S.A., 30th Floor, 444 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022, U.S.A.

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*A. 1. Hodsdon, 33 Rosen Street, Epping, N.S.W. 2121, Australia. L. Khomenkov, The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. J. Lindahl, Rorstrandsgatan 13, 11340 Stockholm,

Sweden.

P. Nebio10, Corso Mediterraneo 140, 1 10129 Torino, Italy. *A. Paulen, 129 Akerstraat Noord, Treebeek, The Netherlands. *S. Umrao Singh, Revenue Minister Punjab, House No: 43, Sector 2, Chandigarh, India. J. Sir, Kekgo1yo u.4., Budapest XII, Hungary.

G. Wieczisk, Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtath1etik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. *Area Group Representative.

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

WOMEN'S COMMITTEE

P. Sober, Chairman, 2411 Webb Avenue, Apt. 5D, Bronx, New York, N.Y. 10468, U.S.A.

Miss M. Hartman, Chairman, 5 Greener Court, Lower Downs Road, London, S.W.19. J. Moerman, Honorary Secretary, Brinkstraat 53 bv., Amsterdam-O, Netherlands. Mrs. L Bechthold, 6000 Frankfurt/Main, Cretzschmarstrasse 15, Germany. N. Carlius, S1. Pedersgatan 11, Halsinborg, Sweden. E. Dudzinski, Ul Bzeznicza 14m. 59, Krakow, Poland. Mme. E. Gorchakova, The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertnyi pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. I. K. Hume, R.R.1., Melbourne, Quebec, Canada. Dr. Nell Jackson, 3546 West Hiawatha Drive, Okemos, Ml 48864, U.S.A. Mrs. L. Leveleki, 1027 Budapest 11, Varsanyi Udvar 2, Hungary. Mrs. D. L Magee, 26 French Street, Marouba, N.S.W. 2035, Australia. P. Schmoll, Federation Fran<;aise d'Athletisme, 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75 010 Paris, France.

F. W. Holder, Honorary Secretary, LA.A.F., 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL. H. M. Abrahams, 42 Orpington Road, London, N2l 3PG, England. P. Dasriaux, Federation Fran<;aise d'Athletisme, 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75 010 Paris, France. J. W. Davies, 3449 Vendome Avenue, Montreal 260, Quebec, Canada.

L. Jall, 8000 Munich 19, Schluderstr. 32, Germany. A.J6rbeck,ErikSandbergsgatan 17, 17134Solna,Sweden. O. Massimi, Regina Margherita 111, Rome, Italy. C. Moreno, Fausto Nieto 9, Mexico 17 D.F., Mexico.

M. Oda, 26-12 Kamiyama-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. J. Pardivala, 22 Tardeo Apartments, 245 Tardeo Road Bombay 7, India. ' A. Paulen, 129 Akerstraat Noord, Treebeek, The Netherlands. V. Rodichenko, The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertnypereulok,4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. E. Rose, Rolighedesvej 22, 1958 Copenhagen V, Den-

mark.

E. Schober, Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. I. Varis, Suomen Urheiluliitto ry, Box 25202 Helsinki 25, Finland.

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CROSS COUNTRY COMMITTEE E. Declerck, Chairman, Residentie Floralia, Kortrijksesteenweg 263, 9000 Gent, Belgium. F. W. Holder, Honorary Secretary, 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL. L. J. Cohen, 34 Lower Kenwood Avenue, Enfield, Middlesex, England. G. L. N. Dunn, "Woodlin", 5 Granta Terrace, Stapleford, Cambridge, England. M. Lahrizi, Federation Royale Marocaine d'Athletisme, Stade Municipal d'Athletisme de Rabat, Maroc, Morocco.

12 V. Maltopol, Federatia Romina de Atletism, Str. Vasile, Conta No: 16, Bucharest, Rumania. G. Mastropasqua, Corso Plebisciti, No. 3.20129 Milano, Italy. H. Meley, 34 Bd. Albert ler, Batiment C, 5400 Nancy, France. A. O. Melville, 8 Bum Street, Wellington, New Zealand. R. Puignau, Zabaleta, 54-7: San Sebastian, Spain. A. Scandurra, 22 Monett Place, Greenlawn, New York 11740, U.S.A. E. Spillane, 216 Sutton Park, Sutton, Co. Dublin, Eire.

WALKING COMMITTEE

P. Lassen, Chairman, Btilosvej 46, OK - 1870 Copenhagen V, Denmark. F. W. Holder, Honorary Secretary, 162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, London, SW15 2SL. F. Eriksson, Svenska Gangforhundet, Grevgatan 23, Stockholm, Sweden. B. Fehervari, Bokanyi Dezsoutca 3, Budapest VI, Hungary. G. Frister, Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR., 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. A. Fruktov, The Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R., Skatertny pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. A. Libotte, Viganello, Lugano, Switzerland. S. Nishida, 877 Shimoda-Cho, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama 222, Japan. G. Oberweger, Viale Pinturicchio 34, Rome, Italy. F. Pryor, 84 Ardrossan Gardens, Worcester Park, Surrey, England. H. Stahl, Ziegenhainer Strasse 12, 6 Frankfurt, Germany. J. Tigerman, 6823 North Hamilton Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60645, U .S.A.

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MEDICAL COMMITTEE

Or. M. Oanz, Chairman. Ochsenallee 1/23500, Kassel, Germany. Dr. R. Andrivet, I.N.S., 11 aye. du Tremblay, Paris 75012, France. Or. W. Ar.eno, Rua Crespo 438, Rio de Janeiro, ZC-I0, Brazil. Prof. A. H. Beckett, c/o Chelsea College of Science and Technology, Manresa Road, London, S.W.3. Dr. A. Bilik, c/o Warsaw 1, ul. Foksal 19, Poland. Or. D. F. Hanley, 58 Federal Street, Brunswick, Maine 04011, U.S.A. Or. M. Hoppner, 1055 Berlin, Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Or. K. G. Korsah, Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. Prof. Or. L. Prokop, 1090 Vienna, Kolingasse 6/34, Austria. Prof. Dr. J. M. Van Rossum, Kapittelweg 40, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Or. G. Worobiew, Skatertnyi pereulok 4, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R.

PANEL OF INTERNATIONAL WALKING JUDGES Australia D. M. Keane J. A. Larkin P. S. McCavanagh 1. S. MacDougall V. B. Sharp Bulgaria D. Marinov

V. Vladimirov B. G. Yanev Canada H. Cieman A. Keay N. Marrone Czechoslovakia F. Horsky

V. Klempir B. Klir F. Mikes H. Sulak J. Svoboda Z. Trefny F. Voboril

14 WALKING JUDGES (continued) B. Fehervari Denmark P. Lassen S. Lazlo Egypt L. Majzik W. S. A. Rahman F. Simek L. Vaczi Finland " H . W . H yy t tamen India F ranee . L. R. Khanna J. ChartIer Italy J. Dahm. A. BoIlini R. A. CaIlegari F . J enevem L. Favati Germany C. Gherzi H. Bemdt G. Oberweger R. Kruger Ja A. A. Schnabel K P:? 'ta N' T and H. Stahl G.D.R. . su a G. Frister Luxembourg tDhahlm G. Rosenov H. Waterling e er ands M. Weber A. F. C. Toscani New Zealand G.B. & N.I. W. F. Amer D. B. Chadderton H. S. Bassett C. E. J. Cook W. Batson L. F. W. Bell G. Harvle F. Clay Norway J. Hackwo?d P. Baamass W. J. A. Fuglum F. Jarvls H. Persson S. Pryor Panama . E. Staker . F. A. ROJas H. H. Whltlock Poland . W . Kirkor Hungary P. Bacsalmasl R. Markowski

15 VETERANS OF THE I.A.A.F. F. Szyszka Rumania I. Paraschivescu Sweden S. Biorklund J

A. KaIlenheim

B. Ohren

A. Thureson C. Widen Switzerland R. Crausaz V. Daguet A. Libotte L. Marquis V.S.S.R. A. Fruktov A. Issurin N. Kalinin A. Mikhailov F. Rennel P. Stepanenko M. Tomalin V.S.A. W. H. Chisholm H. H. Laskau B. Macdonald H. Rappaport M. B. Rosenstein W. H. Ross C. R. Silcock J. B. Tigerman

The Marquess of Exeter, (G.B. & N.I.). Harold M. Abrahams, (G.B. & N.!.). Hassan Agabani (Sudan). Hanji Aoki (Japan). Kinichi Asano (Japan). Robert Atlasz (Israel). Harold I. Austad (New Zealand). Karl Beuermann (Germany). Emanuel Bosak (Czechoslovakia). Avery Brundage (D.S.A.). Emile Clemme (Belgium). J oao C. da Costa (Brazil). Max Danz (Germany). Pierre Dasriaux (France). Jack W. Davies (Canada). Emile Declerck (Belgium). Roger Dubief (France). Bo Ekelund (Sweden). Daniel J. Ferris (D.S.A.). E. Figuerola (Cuba). Pedro Galvez (Peru). Arthur Gold (G.B. & N.I.). Giovanni Guabello (Italy). Miss Marea Hartman (G.B. & N.I.). Arthur J. Hodsdon (Australia). Frederick W. Holder (G.B. & RI.). Ludwig JaIl (Germany). Axel J6rbeck (Sweden), Nicolai Kalinin (U.S.S.R.). Vilem Kanturek (Czechoslovakia). Hiromu Kasuga (Japan). Dhro Kekkonen (Finland). Leonid Khomenkov (U.S.S.R.). Karel Knenicky (Czechoslovakia). Stan G. Leeder (New Zealand). Jukka Lehtinen (Finland). Armando Libotte (Switzerland). Jacob Lindahl (Sweden).

Elected

1950 1948 1972 1968 1958 1966 1964 1970 1970 1946 1952 1960 1962 1970 1964 1974 1968 1946 1952 1974 1970 1970 1962 1972 1966 1972 1972 1968 1956 1972 1966 1952 1964 1960 1962 1972 1968 1966

Elected

Elected Bo Lindman (Sweden). Mrs. Doris Magee (Australia). Joe Moerman (Netherlands). Cesar Moreno (Mexico). Dino Nai (Italy). Primo Nebiolo (Italy). George Oberweger (Italy). Abraham Ordia (Nigeria). Donald T. P. Pain (G.B. & N.!.). Ja! Pardivala (India). Adrian Paulen (Netherlands). Lauri Pihkala (Finland). Mme. Z. Romanova (D.S.S.R.). Emanuel Rose (Denmark). Erhard Schoeber (G.D.R.). Jean R. Seurin (France). Jozsef Sir (Hungary). Pincus Sober (D.S.A.). Kee Chung Sohn (Korea). Peter Stepanenko (D.S.S.R.). Artur Takac (Yugoslavia). Olav Tendeland (Norway). Todor Todorov (Bulgaria). Pierre Tonelli (France). T. Tulikoura (Finland). Hugh Weir (Australia). Harold H. Whitlock (G.B. & N.!.). Georg Wieczisk (G.D.R.). Deceased H.M. King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden. Sir Harry J. BarcIay (G.B. & N.!.). William M. Bamard (G.B. & N.!.). Harold Berliner (D.S.A.). Friedrich Burger (Gennany). J. E. Chryssafis (Greece). Emest H. L. Clynes (G.B. & N. !.). Jack C. G. Crump (G.B. & N.!.). Charles J. Dieges (D.S.A.). Carl Diem (Gennany).

1950Âˇ 1972 1974 1974 1952 1974 1960 1974 1956 1962 1950 1928 1960 1972 1970 1950 1962 1966 1968 1968 1962 1946 1974 1958 1966 1956 1966 1972

1934 1928 1928 1962 1930 1930 1964 1958 1932 1930

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J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden). Leopold Englund (Sweden). Tage Ericson (Sweden). John Falchenberg (Norway). C. Forys (Poland). J. Genet (France). Francis Guilleux (France). Kristian Hellstrom (Sweden). Edouard Hennes (Belgium). Ernest J. H. Holt (G.B. & N.!.). Murray Hulbert (D.S.A.). Evan A. Hunter (South Africa). G. Jurgenson (France). Gustavus T. Kirby (D.S.A.). S. Kishi (Japan). Hilding Kjellman (Sweden). Joe B. MacCabe (D.S.A.). E. S. Marks (Australia). Paul Mericamp (France). J. G. Merrick (Canada). Justus W. Meyerhof (Germany). Lauri Miettinen (Finland). F. A. Moran (Eire). Naili Moran (Turkey). Mogens Oppegaard (Norway). Franz Reichel (France). Karl Ritter von Halt (Gennany). Oscar Rosenvinge-Kolderup (Norway). F. W. Rubien (D.S.A.). Johannes Runge (Gennany). G. V. A. Schofield (G.B. & N.!.). G. D. Sondi (India). Szilard Stankovits (Hungary). Pasquale Stassano (Italy). Robert M. Thompson (D.S.A.). Hennann Wraschtil (Austria). Bruno Zauli (Italy).

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1928 1928 1952 1946 1964 1928 1964 1930 1948 1946 1932 1946 1948 1928 1932 1929 1928 1932 1932 1930 1930 1946 1948 1958 1950 1928 1960 1930 1932 1930 1930 1948 1928 1970 1928 1928 1954

19 I.A.A.F. CONTINENTAL ASSOCIATIONS

LIST OF MEMBERS

AFRICA African Amateur Athletic Confederation (A.A.A.C.). President: L. Diack, P.o. Box 88, Dakar, Senegal. Hon. Secretary: Papa Gallo Thiam, as above.

The letters in parenthesis denote the grouping of the Member country. (Rule 4), and the date the year of foundation.

ASIA Asian Amateur Athletic Association (A.A.A.A.). President: Gov. J. C. Sering, Rizal Memorial Field, Manila, Philippines. Hon. Secretary: M. Nicholas, Newtown, P.O. Box 33, Singapore 11.

AFGHANISTAN (C) (1930) National Olympic Federation, Kabul, Afghanistan. Cables: Olympic, Kabul. ALBANIA (D) (1930) Federation Albanaise d' Rruga, Abdi Toptani 3, Tirana, Albania. ALGERIA (C) (1963) Federation Algerienne d'Athletisme, 18 rue Abdeloziz Mouzaoui, RP. 573, Algiers, R.P. Algeria. Cables: F AA 573 R.P. Alger. ANTIGUA (D) (1960) Antigua Amateur Athletic & Cycling Association, P.O. Box 747, St. John's, Antigua.

EUROPE European Athletic Association (E.A.A.). President: A. Paulen, 129 Akerstraat Noord, Treebeek, The Netherlands. Hon. Secretary: P. Dasriaux, F.F.A., 10 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, Paris 75 010, France. NORTH AMERICA Representative on l.A.A.F. Council: D. J. Ferris, A.A. U. of the U.S.A., 30th Floor, 444, Madison Avenue, N.Y. 10022, U.S.A. OCEANIA Oceania Regional Group. Chairman: A. J. Hodsdon, 33 Rosen Street, Epping, N.S.W. 2121, Australia. Hon. Secretary: G. R Stringer, "Sunnybridge", Wellington Road, Mulgrave, Victoria 3170, Australia. SOUTH AMERICA Confederaci6n Sudamericana de Atletismo. President: Vice Amiral P. J. Galvez, Avenida Petit Thouars 1964, Lima, Peru. Council Representative: 1. C. da Costa, Av. N.S. Copacabana 380, Apt. 1102, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Details of the Members, Officers and Committees of these Associations are in the I.A.A.F. Directory.

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ARGENTINA (A) Confederaci6n Argentina de Atletismo, Casilla de Correo 13-Sucursal 2, Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina. AUSTRALIA (AA) The Amateur Athletic Union of Australia, 15 Heath Street, Sandringham, Victoria 3191, Australia.

(1954)

(1897)

(A) (1902) Osterreichischer Leichtathletik-Verband, 1040 Vienna, Prinz Eugenstrasse 12, Austria. Cables: OLV Wien. BAHAMAS (C) Bahamas Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 5517, Nassau, Bahamas.

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(1952)

20 BARBADOS (D) (1947) Association of Barbados, Amateur P.O. Box 46, Bndgetown, Barbados, W.!. Cables: Athletic Barbados. BELGIUM (A) Ligue Royale Belge d'Athletisme, Rue Montagne-aux-Herbes Potageres 65, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium. Cables: Belgathletic-Bruxelles.

(1889)

BELIZE (D) Belize Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 146, Belize City, Belize, C.A. Cables: "Three A" Belize.

(1956)

BERMUDA (D) Bermuda Track & Field Association, P.O. Box 397, Devonshire, Bermuda.

(1946)

BOL.IVIA (C) (1929) Federacion Atletica de Bolivia Casilla 3860, La Paz, Bolivia. ' Cables: Fedatletica La Paz. BOTSWANA (D) (1972) Botswana Amateur Athletic Association clo Ministry of Health, Labour & Affairs Private Bag 2, ' Gaborone, Botswana. BRAZIL

(A)

(1914)

Brasileira Desportos, Rua da Alfandega 70, RIO de Janeiro, Brazil. Cables: Desportos, Rio de Janeiro. ISLANDS (D) (1972) BntIsh VIrgm Islands Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 283, Road Town, Tortola British Virgin Islands. ' BRUNEI. (D) BruneI Amateur Athletic Association P.O. Box 1515, Bandar Seri,

(1953) Brunei.

BULGARIA (AA) (1924) Bulgarian Athletic Federation, 18, Tolboukhine Bd, Sofia, Bulgaria. Cables: Besefese, Sofia. BURMA (C) (1947) Burma Track and Field Federation, Aungsan Memorial Stadium, Rangoon; Burma. BURUNDI (D) (1960) Federation d'Athletisme du Burundi, B.P. 1810 cl Bujumbura, Republique du Burundi. Cables: cio Foreign Affairs. CAMEROONS (D) (1959) Federation Camerounaise d'Athletisme, RP. 353, Yaounde, Republique Unie du Cameroun. CANADA (AA) (1889) Canadian Track and Field Association, Administrative Centre for Sport, Place Vanier, Tower "A", 333 River Road, Vanier City, Ottawa, Ontario (KIL 8B9), Canada. Cables: Catfat (Ottawa). CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (D) (1962) Federation Centrafricaine d'Athletisme, RP. 573, Bangui, R.C.A. Cables: Fedath, BP 573 Bangui. CHILE (B) (1917) Federaci6n Atletica de Chile, Santo Toribio 660, Casilla 820, Santiago de Chile, Chile. Cables: Fedachi. '(1914) REPUBLIC OF CHINA (C) Republic of China Track & Field Association, 555 Chung-Hsiao E. Road, Section 4, Taipei, (105) Taiwan, Republic of China. Cables: "Trackfield" Taipei.

22 COLOMBIA (B) (1937) Federaci6n Colombiana de Atletismo Amateur, Calle 15 No: 13-82 Of. 401, Apartado Aereo No. 6024, Bogota, Colombia. Cables: Fedodatle, Bogota.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (D) (1953) Federaci6n Dominicana de Atletismo Aficionado, Calle 26 Casa 25, Ensanche Luper6n, Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana.

CONGO (D) Federation Congolaise d'Athletisme, RP. 2158, Brazzaville, Republique Populaire du Congo.

(1962)

ECUADOR (D) Asociaci6n Ecuatoriana de Atletismo, P.O. Box No: 204, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Cables: Fedenador.

(1925)

COOK ISLANDS (D) Cook Islands Sports Association, P.O. Box 440, Raratongo, Cook Islands.

(1962)

EGYPT (A) Egyptian Amateur Athletic Federation, 13, Kasr El Nil Street, Cairo, E.A.R. Cables: Olympiad-Cairo.

(1910)

EIRE (A) Bord Luthchleas Na h'Eireann, 69 Jones Road, Dublin 3, Eire. Cables: Athletics, Dublin.

(1937)

ETHIOPIA (B) National Ethiopian Athletics Federation, Haile Selassie I Stadium, P.O. Box 3241, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5. Cables: NESCO, Addis Ababa.

(1961)

FIJI (D) Fiji Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 1175, Suva, Fiji.

(1949)

FINLAND (AA) Suomen Urheiluliitto ry, Box 25202, Helsinki 25, Finland. Cables: Urheiluliitto, Helsinki.

(906)

FRANCE (AA) Federation Fran<;aise d'Athletisme, 10, rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, 75 010 Paris, France. Cables: Fedathleti.

(1920)

(1960) COSTA RICA (D) Asociaci6n Costarricense de Atletismo, Apartado 5009, San Jose, Costa Rica, C.A. CUBA (AA) (1922) Federaci6n Cubana de Atletismo, Hotel Habana Libre, CalleL. entre 23 y 25, Vedado, Habana, Cuba. Cables: Olimpicuba, Habana. CZECHOSLOVAKIA (AA) Ceskoslovensky atleticky svaz, Na PofiCl 12, 115 30 Praha, Czechoslovakia. Cables: Sportsvaz Atletic-Praha.

(1897)

DAHOMEY (D) (1960) Federation Dahomeenne d'Athletisme (F.D.A.), RP. 197, Porto-Novo, Dahomey. Cables: Dirsports Porto-Novo. DENMARK (A) Dansk Athletik Forbund, Idraettens Hus, Bmndby, Stadion 22, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark. Cables: Dafathletik.

(1907)

GABON (D) (1961) Federation Gabonaise d'Ath1etisme Amateur RP. 2266, Libreville, Gabon. ' THE GAMBIA (D) (1960) The Gambia Amateur Athletic Association cio P.o. Box 323, Bathurst, ' The Gambia, W. Africa. Cables: Athletics, The Gambia. GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (AA) (1950) Deutscher Verband fUr Leichtathletik der DDR 1055 Berlin, ' Storkower Strasse 118, G.D.R. Cables: Leichtathletik Berlin. GERMANY (AA) (1898 Reformed 1949) Deutscher Leichtathletik Verband, 61 Darmstadt, Rheinstrasse 20a, Germany. Cables: Leichtathletik Darmstadt. GHANA (B) (1944) Ghana Amateur Athletic Association, Sports Council of Ghana, P.O. Box 1272, Accra, Ghana, W. Africa. Cables: Ghansport. GIBRALTAR (D) (1954) Gibraltar Athletic Association, P.O. Box 284, GIbraltar. Cables: Athletics, Gibraltar. GREATBRITAIN&NORTHERNIRELAND British Amateur Athletic Board, 70 Brompton Road, London, SW3 1EE. Cables: Athlete, London.

(AA) (1880)

GREECE (A) . (1897) Association Hellenique d' Athletisme Amateur, (S.E.G.A.S.) 20 rue Amhikis, Athens (134), Greece. Cables: Segas, Athens.

GRENADA (D) (1924) Grenada Amateur Athletic and Cycling Association, clo St. George's Government School, Queen's Park, St. George's, Grenada. GUATEMALA (D) (1945) Federaci6n Nacional de Atletismo, Palacio de Los Deportes, Guatemala City, Guatamala, CA. Cables: Fedatletismo, Guatemala. GUINEA (D) (1959) Federation Guineenne d'Athletisme Amateur, Ministere Jeunesse et Sports, RP. 262, Conakry, Republique de Guinee. Cables: Conakry RP. 262. GUYANA (C) (1948) Amateur Athletic Association of Guyana, 117 Third Street, Alberttown, Georgetown, Guyana. HAITI (D) (1969) Commission Nationale d'Athletisme, P.O. Box 537, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. HONDURAS (D) (1951) Federaci6n Nacional Deportiva Extraescolar, Tegucigalpa, D.C, Honduras, CA. HONG KONG (D) (1951) Hong Kong Amateur Athletic Association, cio Diocesan Boys' School, Mongkok, Kowloon, Hong Kong. HUNGARY (AA) (1897) Magyar Atletikai Szovetseg, 1143 Budapest, D6zsa Gy u 1-3, Hungary. Cables: Masz-Budapest. ICELAND (B) (1947) Frjalsiprottasamband Islands, P.O. Box 1099, Iprottamidstodinni Laugardal, Reykjavik, Iceland. Cables: "Iceathletic".

INDIA (A) (1946) Amateur Athletic Federation of India, clo Mr. L. R. Khanna, World Health House Indaprastha Estate, Ring Road, , New Delhi 1, India. INDONESIA (C). (1950) Persatuan Atletik Seluruh Indonesia (PASI) Flat Perwira Alri No: 14 DJL ' Danau Poso, Pedjompongan Djakarta, Indonesia. IRAN (B) Amateur Athletic Federation of Tran, Sports Federations Joint Bureau, P.O. Box 11-1642 Teheran, Iran. Cables: Sportsiran.

(1936)

IRAQ (D) (1957) Iraq Amateur Athletic Federation, Youth Centre of Kahdumia, Baghdad, Iraq. Cables: IROC. ISRAEL (B) Sports Federation of Israel, (S.F.I.), P.O. Box 4575, Tel Aviv, Israel. Cables: Sportisfed, Israel.

(1931)

ITALY (AA) Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera viale Tiziano 70,00100 Rome, Italy. ' Cables: Fidalroma.

(1906)

IVORY COAST (C) Federation Ivoirienne d'Athletisme Boulevard Lagunaire, B.P. 2844, Abidjan Cote d'Ivoire. . '

(1960)

JAMAICA (A) Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 272, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W. Indies. Cables: Jamathletic, Jamaica.

(1932)

JAPAN (AA) (1925) Nippon Rikujo-Kyogi Renmei, 1-1-1 Jinnan, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. Cables: Zennihon, Tokyo. JORDAN (D) (1961) The Jordanian Amateur Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 413, Amman, Jordan. KENYA (AA) Kenya Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Rox 46722, Nairobi, Kenya. Cables: Athletics.

(1951)

KHMER (CAMBODIA) (D) Federation Khmere d'Athletisme Amateur, Complexe Sportif National, Phnom-Penh, Republique Khmere. Cables: Fedathletisme. KOREA (B) Korean Amateur Athletic Federation, 19 Mookyo-Dong, Choon-Ku, Seoul, P.O. Box 566, K.W.M., Seoul.

(1936)

D.P.R. KOREA (C) Amateur Athletic Association of The Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Moonsin-Dong 2, Dongdaiwon District, Pyongyang, D.P.R. of Korea. Cables: D.P.R.K. Athletic.

(1955)

(1945)

KUWAIT (C) (1957) Kuwait Athletic Federation, P.O. Box 5499, Fahad As Salem Street, Ahmad Al-mahry Building, 3rd Floor Flat No. 11, Kuwait, Arabian Gulf. Cables: Athletic, Kuwait. LAOS (D) (1958) Federation d'Athletisme du Laos, clo Direction Generale de la Jeunesse et des Sports RP. 268 Vientiane, Laos.

LEBANON (C) Federation Libanaise d'Athletisme P.O. Box 5601, Beyrouth, Liban. ' Cables: Katorikan-Beyrut.

(1945)

MALAYSIA CB) (1906, Reformed 1963) Malaysia Amateur Athletic Union, Stadium Merdeka, P.O. Box 957, Kuala Lumpur 05-06, Malaysia.

LESOTHO (D) Lesotho Sports Association, P.O. Box 138, Maseru, Lesotho. Cables: Lipapali, Maseru.

(1931)

MALI (C) (1960) Federation Malienne d'Athletisme, B.P. No. 595, Bamako, Republique du Mali. Cables: Fedathletisme Bamako, Mali.

LIBERIA (C) Liberia Track and Field Federation Broad Street, P.O. Box 2273 ' Monrovia, Liberia, W. Cables: Libtraff.

(1955)

LIBYA (C) Libyan Amateur Athletic Federation ' P.O. Box 879, Tripoli, Libya. Cables: Libyolympic Athletic.

(1962)

(D) (1936) Llechtenstem Turn-und-Leichtathletik-Verband 9496 Balzers, Lowal 522, Fiirstentum ' Liechtenstein. ' Cables: PI Turnverband Balzers. LUXEMBOURG (B) Federation Luxembourgeoise d'Athletisme RP. 43 Dudelange, ' Luxembourg. Cables: Athletic, Luxembourg.

(1928)

MADAGASCAR (C) Federation Malgache d'Athletisme, RP. 717, Tananarive, Madagascar.

(1962)

MALAWI (D) Amateur Athletic Association of Malawi ' P.O. Box 1079, Blantyre, Malawi. Cables: Athletics, Malawi.

(1967)

----------

MALTA (D) Malta Amateur Athletic Association, 214/1 Zabbar Road, Pawla, Malta G.c. Cables: Athlete, Malta.

(1928)

MAURITANIA (D) Federation Mauritanienne d'Athletisme, RP. 178 Nouakchott, Rep. Islamique de Mauritanie.

(1962)

MAURITIUS (D) Mauritius Sports Association, 22, Lislet Geoffroy Street, Port Louis, Mauritius. Cables: M.S.A. Mauritius.

(1952)

MEXICO (A) (1933) Federaci6n Mexicana de Atletismo, Plaza de la Republica No: 43, Despacho 104, Mexico I, D.F. Cables: Depormex. MONGOLIA (D) The Athletic Federation of the Mongolian People's Republic, Mongolian Athletic Federation, 55 Baga Toirog, Dlan Bator, Mongolian People's Republic. Cables: Mongolsport.

(1960)

MONTSERRAT (D) (1971) Montserrat Athletic Association, P.O. Box 247, Plymouth, Montserrat, West Indies.

MOROCCO (B) (1957) Federation Royale Marocaine d'Athletisme, Stade Municipal d'Athletisme de Rabat, Maroc. Morocco. Cables: Federmat. NAURU (D) (1967) Nauru Amateur Athletic Association, Box 33, Post Office, Nauru, Central Pacific. NEPAL (D) (1948) Amateur Athletic Association of Nepal, Bag Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal. NETHERLANDS (A) (1901) Koninklijke Nederlandsche Athletiek-Unie (K.N.A.U.) Nachtegaalstraat 67, , P.O. Box 14444, Utrecht, Netherlands. Cables: K.N.A.U. NETHERLANDS ANTILLES

(D) (1934, Reformed 1962) Nederlands Antilliaanse Athletiek Unie ' c/o H. Prince. P.O. Box, 304, Willemstad, Curacao, N.A. . Cables: N.A.A.U.

NEW HEBRIpES (D) (1965) New Hebndes Amateur Athletic Association clo Post Office, Port Vila, New Hebrides ' Pacific Islands. ' NEW ZEALAND (AA) (1887) New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association (INC.) Wellington Box 741, New Zealand, WN 76. Cables: Amathletic, Wellington. NICARAG:l/A .(D). (1940) FederaclOn Nlcaraguense de Atletismo, P.O, Box 4746, Managua, D.N. Nicaragua, c.A. NIGER (D) Federation Nigerienne d'Athletisme RP. 215, Niamey, Niger. '

(1961)

NIGERIA (A) Amateur Athletic Association of Nigeria, P.O. Box 211, Lagos, Nigeria, W.A. Cables: Athletics, Lagos.

(1944)

NORWAY (AA) Norges Fri-idrettsforbund, Youngsgaten 6, Oslo 1, Norway. Cables: Fri-Idrett.

(1896)

PAKISTAN (A) (1947) Pakistan Amateur Athletic Federation, Aitchison College, The Mall, Lahore, Pakistan. PANAMA (B) (1945) Federaci6n Panamefia de Atletismo, Apartado 3503, Panama 1, Republic of Panama. Cables: Fepat. PAPUA NEW GUINEA (C) (1961) Papua New Guinea Amateur Athletic Union, P.O. Box 3372, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. PARAGUAY (D) Federaci6n Paraguaya de Atletismo, Herrera 962, C. Correo 1420, Asunci6n, Paraguay.

(1947)

PERU (B) Federaci6n Peruana de Atletismo, Casilla No. 2732, Lima, Peru. Cables: Atleperu.

(1918)

PHILIPPINES (B) (1961) Philippine Amateur Track and Field Association, Rizal Memorial Field, M. Adriatico St. Manila, Philippines. Cables: "Patafa" Philippines. POLAND (AA) Polski Zwiazek Lekkiej Atletyki, Warszawa, ul. Foksal 19, Poland. Cables: Pezla Warszawa.

(1919)

PORTUGAL (B) Federa<;iio Portuguesa de Atletismo Rua Arco do Cego 90-5Â°E, Lisboa 1, Portugal. PUERTO Puerto G.P.O. Puerto

(1921)

RICO (B) Rico Athletic Federation Box 800, Juan, , Rico, 00936.

(1947)

QATAR (D) Qatar Athletic Association, P.O. Box 2511, Doha, Qatar. Cables: Ryatshabab.

(1963)

RHODESIA (C) Rhodesia Amateur Athletic Union P.O. Box 8316, ' Causeway, Salisbury, Rhodesia. Cables: Athlete Causeway.

(1901)

RUMANIA (AA) Federatia Romina de Atletism Str. Vasile Conta nr. 16, Cables: Sportrom.

(1912) Rumania.

RWANDA (D) Federation Rwandaise des Sports RP. 1044 Kigali, Rwanda. ' Cables: Mijeunesse 5811.

(1973)

(1955) SAINT VINCENT (D) Saint Vincent Amateur Athletic Association , P.O. .Box 854, Kingst?wn, St. Vmcent, West Indtes. EL SALVADOR (D) Federaci6n Salvadorena de Atletismo, clo Comite Olimpico de El Salvador Nuevo Gimnasio Nacional, , Apartado Postal No: 759, San Salvador, El Salvador, C.A. Cables: "Colimpico".

(1943)

SAUDI ARABIA (D) (1963) Saudi Arabia Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 956, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SENEGAL (D) (1960) Federation Senegalaise d'Athletisme, RP. 1737, Dakar, Republic of Senegal. SIERRA LEONE (D) (1951) Sierra Leone Amateur Athletic Association, clo National Sports Council of Sierra Leone, P.O. Box 1181, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Cables: Athletics, Freetown. SINGAPORE (D) (1934) Singapore Amateur Athletic Association, Newton, P.O. Box 33, Singapore 11. SOMALIA (D) Somalia Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 523, Mogadiscio, Somalia. Cables: Mislabsport.

(1959)

SOUTH AFRICA (AA) (1895) South African Amateur Athletic Union, P.O. Box 1261, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa. Cables: Atleet. SPAIN (A) Real Federaci6n Espafiola de Atletismo. calle Miguel Angel 16, Madrid (10), Spain. Cables: Fedatleti, Madrid.

(1918)

SRI LANKA (CEYLON) (C) (1922) Amateur Athletic Association of Sri Lanka, 33/4 Off Station Road, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka. SUDAN (C) Sudan Amateur Athletics Association, P.O. Box 1773, Khartoum, Republic of the Sudan.

(1959)

34 SURINAM (D) Surinaamse Athletiek Bond, clo Mr. R A. Douglas, Secretary, Uitvlugt 65 pc 32, Distr. Suriname, Suriname. SWAZILAND (D) Swaziland Amateur Athletics Association, P.O. Box 383, Mbabane, Kingdom of Swaziland, Southern Africa. SWEDEN (AA) Svenska Fri-IdrottsfOrbundet, Sofiatomet, Stadion 114 33, Stockholm, Sweden. Cables: Friidrott, Stockholm. SWITZERLAND (A) Schweizerischer Leichtathletik-Verband, CH-3012 Berne, Buhlstrasse 21, Switzerland. Cables: Swissathletic, Berne. SYRIA (D) Syrian Athletic Box 421, Damascus, Syria. TANZANIA (C) Tanzania Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 2172, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, E. Africa. Cables: Vtamaduni. TCHAD (D) Comite Tchadien du Sport Amateur, RP. 2123 a Fort-Lamy, Tchad. Cables: Jeunesse et- Sports (Lamy). THAILAND (C) Amateur Athletic Association of Thailand, Kattikachorn National Stadium, Huamark, Bangkok 10, Thailand. TOGO (D) Federation Togolaise d'Athletisme, RP. 13, Lome, Togo.

35 (1955)

(1969)

(1895)

(1905)

(1952)

TONGA (D) Tonga Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 450, Nukualofa, Tonga. Cables: Athletic Association, Tonga.

(1962)

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO (B) (Reformed 1970) National Amateur Athletic Association of Trinidad & Tobago, 16 St. Vincent Street, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, West Indies. TUNISIA (B) Federation Tunisienne d' Athletisme, 13 Rue de Cologne, Tunis, Tunisia. Cables: Tunisie, Athletisme.

(1957)

TURKEY (A) B.T.G.Md. Atletizm Federasyonu, 19 Mayis Stadi, Ankara, Turkey. Cables: Atletizm Spor Ankara.

(1922)

(1954)

UGANDA (B) (1925) V ganda Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 20077, Kampala, Uganda. Cables: V AAA Lugogo, Stadium Kampala.

(1963)

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (AA) (1945) Light Athletic Federation of the U.S.S.R. Moscow G-69, Skatertnyi per 4, U.S.S.R. Cables: Sportkomitet SSSR, Moscow.

(1948)

(1963)

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (AA) (1888) Amateur Athletic Union of the United States of America, A.A.V. House, 3400 West 86th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, U .S.A. Cables: Amathletic, Indianapolis. UPPER VOLTA (D) Federation Voltaique d'Athletisme, B.P. 772, Ouagadougou, Republic of Upper Volta.

(1961)

URUGUAY (B) Confederaci6n Atletica del Uruguay, Canelones 982, Montevideo, Uruguay. Cables: Atletica.

(191 R)

VENEZUELA (A) Federaci6n Venezolana de Atletismo, Instituto Nacional de Deportes la Vega, Caracas, Venezuela. Cables: Colimpico.

(1948)

VIET-NAM (D) Vietnam Amateur Athletic Federation, No: 33 Hong Thap Tu, Saigon, Vietnam. Cables: FAVN, Saigon.

(1951)

DIVISION II

CONSTITUTION of the INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION

Rule 1.

DEFINITIONS

THE INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION

OBJECTS

MEMBERSHIP

WESTERN SAMOA (D) (1962) Western Samoa Amateur Sports Federation, (Inc,), P.O. Box 1176, Apia, Western Samoa.

OFFICERS

COUNCIL

YUGOSLAVIA (AA) Federation Y ougoslave d'Athletisme, 11000 Belgrade, Str. Bana 73a, Yugoslavia. Cables: ASAY, Belgrade.

CONGRESSES

COMMITTEES

LANGUAGES

VIRGIN ISLANDS (D) (1963) Virgin Islands Track and Field Federation, P.O. Box 1703, S1. Thomas, Virgin Islands. 00801. Cables: Vitrack, S1. Thomas.

(1921)

ZAIRE (D) (1949, Reformed 1963) Federation Nationale Zairoise d'Athletisme, "Fenaza", B.P. 1527, Kinshasa 1, Republique de Zaire. Cables: Fenaza. ZAMBIA (D) (1949, Reformed 1964) Zambia Amateur Athletic Association, P.O. Box 987, Kabwe, Zambia.

10.

ALTERATIONS TO RULES

11.

SUSPENSIONS AND REINSTATEMENTS

12.

COMPETITIONS UNDER I.A.A.F. RULES COMPETITORS COMPETING ABROAD QUALIFICATIONS OF COMPETITORS

13.

WORLD, AREA AND GROUP CHAMPIONSHIPS

14.

EXPENSES

15.

MATERIAL ASSISTANCE

16.

ADVERTISING WITHIN THE ARENA

51-54. ELIGIBILITY AND AMATEUR STATUS

39 RULE I

RULE 3

Definitions

Objects

NOTE.-Where appropriate the masculine gender shall include the feminine and the singular shall include the plural. Athletics: Track and field athletics, road running,. walking and cross country runnmg. I.A.A.F.: International Amateur Athletic Federation. Member: Any National Governing Body affiliated to the LA.A.F. I.O.e.:

Area and Group Championships or Games:

International Olympic Committee. (a) Olympic Games and World

Championships. (b) Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games. (c) Group Games or Championships (i.e. other Championships or Games open to all athletes belonging to a defined group).

The objects of the Federation shall be: I.-To establish friendly and loyal co-operation between all Members for the benefit of amateur athletics throughout the world. 2.-To strive to ensure that no racial, religious, political or other kind of discrimination be allowed in athletics and to take all necessary measures to stop such discrimination. 3.-To strive to secure that there shall be no hindrance to the participation of any country or individual in international athletic competitions on racial, religious or political grounds. 4.-To compile rules and regulations national competitions for men and women athletics.

interamateur

5.-To ensure that all contests between Members including Area and Group Championships or Games shall be held under the laws and rules of the LA.A.F. 6.-To affiliate national governing bodies. 7.-To decide any dispute that may arise between Members if called upon to do so.

RULE 2 The International Amateur Athletic Federation

The LA.A.F. shall comprise duly elected national governing bodies for amateur athletics which agree to abide by the rules and regulations of the LA.A.F. RULES 1-2

8.-To co-operate with the Organising of the Olympic Games in carrying through the orgamsatlOn of the athletic competitions and as delegated by the 1.0.c. to supervise and control all the technical arrangements. 9.-To frame regulations for the establishment of World and Olympic records and such other amateur athletic records as Congress agrees may be recognised. RULE 3

RULE 4 Membership

I.-The National Governing Body for amateur athletics in any country or territory shall be eligible for membership. Only one Member for each country or territory may be affiliated, and such Member shall be recognised by the LA.A.F. as the only national governing body for all amateur athletics in such country or territory. The jurisdiction of Members shall be limited to the political boundaries of the country or territory they represent. 2.-Application for membership together with a copy of the Constitution and rules of the national governing body shall be submitted to the Council, which shall have power to elect to membership provisionally, pending confirmation at the next Congress meeting. 3.-Membership shall be divided into five groups and any new Member admitted to the I.A.A.F. shall be placed in such group as the Congress may decide. The following grouping shall remain until altered by a subsequent Congress:GROUP "AA" (8 Votes) Australia Italy Bulgaria Japan Canada Kenya Cuba New Zealand Czechoslovakia Norway Finland Poland France Rumania German Democratic South Africa Republic Sweden Germany U.S.A. Gt. Britain & N. Ireland U.S.S.R. Hungary Yugoslavia RULE 4

Argentine Austria Belgium Brazil Denmark Egypt Eire Greece India

GROUP "A" (6 Votes) Jamaica Mexico Netherlands Nigeria Pakistan Spain Switzerland Turkey Venezuela

Chile Colombia Ethiopia Ghana Iceland Iran Israel Korea Luxembourg Malaysia

GROUP "B" (4 Votes) Morocco Panama Peru Philippines Portugal Puerto Rico Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Uganda Uruguay

GROUP "C" (2 Votes) Libya Afghanistan Madagascar Algeria Mali Bahamas Papua New Guinea Bolivia Republic of China Burma Rhodesia Guyana Sri Lanka Indonesia Sudan Ivory Coast Tanzania D.P.R. Korea Thailand Lebanon Liberia

42 43

GROUP "D" (l Vote)

Albania Antigua Barbados Belize Bermuda Botswana British Virgin Islands Brunei Burundi Cameroons Central African Republic Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Dahomey Dominican Republic Ecuador Fiji Gabon Gambia Gibraltar Grenada Guatemala Guinea HaIti Honduras Hong Kong Iraq Jordan Khmer Kuwait Laos Lesotho Liechtenstein

Malawi Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mongolia Montserrat Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Hebrides Nicaragua Niger Paraguay Qatar Rwanda St. Vincent El Salvador Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Singapore Somalia Surinam Swaziland Syria Tchad Togo Tonga Upper Volta Viet-Nam Virgin Islands Western Samoa ZaIre Zambia

4.-The annual fees from each Member affiliated to the LA.A.F. shall be paid in advance on 1st January in accordance with the following scale:Group "AA" £100 £60 Group "A" Group "B" £30 £10 Group "c" Group "D" £5 Any member whose subscription is unpaid on the 31 st DECEMBER shall be liable to be struck off the list of Members or suspended at the discretion of the Council. No representative can be authorised to take part in any meeting of the Congress or Committees if the subscription of the Member he represents or belongs to is more than twelve months in arrears. Members shall not be permitted to organise or to take part in Area or Group Championships or Games if their subscriptions are in arrears. 5.-For the purpose of electing the LA.A.F. Council in accordance with Rule 6 (1), or any area Committee, Members are divided into the following Continental Areas:AFRICA Algeria Lesotho Botswana Liberia Burundi Libya Cameroons Madagascar Central African Republic Malawi Congo Mali Dahomey Mauritania Egypt Mauritius Ethiopia Morocco Gabon Niger Gambia Nigeria Ghana Rhodesia Guinea Rwanda Ivory Coast Senegal Kenya Sierra Leone

45 44

Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Tchad Afghanistan Brunei Burma Republic of China Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Khmer Korea D.P.R. Korea

Togo Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia ZaIre ASIA Kuwait Laos Lebanon Malaysia Mongolia Nepal Pakistan Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Thailand Viet-Nam

EUROPE Iceland Albania Italy Austria Liechtenstein Belgium Luxembourg Bulgaria Malta Czechoslovakia Netherlands Denmark Norway Eire Poland Finland Portugal France Rumania German Democratic Spain Republic Sweden Germany Switzerland Gibraltar Great Britain & N. Ireland Turkey U.S.S.R. Greece Yugoslavia Hungary

Australia Cook Islands Fiji Nauru New Hebrides

OCEANIA New Zealand . Papua New GUlll ea Tonga Western Samoa

NORTH AMERICA Honduras Antigua Jamaica Bahamas Mexico Barbados Montserrat Bermuda Nicaragua Belize Panama British Virgin Islands Puerto Rico Canada El Salvador Costa Rica St. Vincent Cuba . Trinidad & Tobago Dominican RepublIc U.S.A. Grenada Virgin Islands Guatemala Haiti

Argentine Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana

SOUTH AMERICA . Netherlands Antilles Paraguay Peru Surinam Uruguay Venezuela

RULE 5 Officers

be shall These Officers shall be ex on; . b 0 our years. mittees. 'JJ'ClO mem ers of all com2.-It;l the administration of the affairs f may delegate to ur enc . re power to act m a case of .m matters, provided that the at earliest opportunity of any action so "to

era IOn In respect of any loss so incurred. 3.-The Council may . Honorary Offic . appOInt such additional h ers as It may deem necessa f; purpose of carryÂˇing out the ad mInIstratIOn. " . ry or t e

RULE 6 Council

:The Council shall consist of fifteen members as (a) The President of the I.A.A.F (b) The Honorary Secretary of the I A A F (c) members elected as

pI e!Jnt Member countries other than that of the reSI ent and Honorary Secretary (d) <?ne representative from each of th f; II . SIX Area Groups:. e 0 OWIng AFRICA ASIA .

NORTH AMERICA OCEANIA SOUTH AMERICA

(The groupzng oj Members for this purpose ['s shown in Rule 4.)

RULES 5--6

Apart from the President and Honorary Secretary, not more than one member of the Council may come from anyone country. 2.-All elections for the Council shall take place at Congress by means of secret ballots. The elections shall be held in the following order: (i) President. (ii) Honorary Secretary. (iii) Six Area Group Representatives. A separate ballot shall be held for each Area Group, and only the Members included in the Group under Rule 4 shall be eligible to vote. (iv) Seven individuals. 3.-All nominations for the Council shall be received by the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. not later than three calendar months prior to the date of the Congress at which elections will take place. 4.-The term of office of the Council shall be four years with the powers and duties as set out hereafter. 5.-The Officers and members of the Council shall serve until their successors are elected and take office. 6.-If during the first two years of the term of office a vacancy arises in the Council, a substitute shall be elected at the next Congress for the residuary period. 7.-In the absence of the President, the Honorary Secretary shall preside. 8.-The President, Honorary Secretary and each member of the Council shall have a vote. The President, in the case of a tie in the voting, snall have a second or casting vote. 9.-The Council shall meet at least once. a year. Its powers and duties shall include the following:(a) To administer the affairs of the I.A.A.F. (b) To submit to each biennial Congress a report, together with audited statements of accounts and balance sheets for the preceding period and a budget for the succeeding two years.

To aI?Y proposals from Members or CommIttees are to be discussed at Congress submI.t such reports thereon as they think 0 submIt to any other proposals tht.ey may deem desIrable. (d) make decisions .urgent matters relating to all ru Any such decIsIOns must be reported to the neXt Congress. (e) To s.ummon a Special Congress to deal with any speCIal of great importance requiring an urgent deCISIOn. (j) To decide dispute that may arise between Members whIch may be referred to it by any of such Members. To grant 'provisional affiliation to new Members. o exerCIse the powers of Suspension and Rei) InstateIJ.1ent as set out in Rule 11. ( To of the imposition of an .) br eIther Congress or Council y U To maIntam a register of World, and other records as Congress may eCI e to recogmse. (k) To and supervise the athletic technical orgamsa.tlOn at the Olympic Games 0 (I) appomt the official LA.A.F. at rea or qroup Games or Championshi s or Inter-<;:ontIne!1tal Matches. This shall, If pOSSIble, be from the Council and shall ensure LA.A.F. Rules are observed (m) o appoInt such additional Honorary Officers as It deem for the purpose of administenng affaIrs of the LA.A.F. (n) T? of the LA.A.F. to the de Medecine S ortive Umon de Pentathlon and other of a similar nature. (0) To appoInt members of the Medical Committee Â°fn thhe Crecom1?endation of the existing o t e ommlttee. (c)

RULE 7 . Congresses

I.-The Congress of the LA.A.F. shall consist of President, two Vice-Presidents elected for the Meetmg only, the Honorary Secretary and any other Honorary Officers, members of the Council and not more than three delegates from each Member. 2.-A Member shall be represented only by its delegates. Notice of the appointment of delegates, certified in writing by the Member they represent, must be lodged with the Honorary Secretary prior to the commencement of the Congress Meeting. A delegate shall be a citizen of the country he represents and shall not have competed as a professional; nor shall he have acted as a professional coach, unless his coaching activities have ceased for at least one year, and he is presently engaged in an administrative capacity for his national governing body for athletics. A delegate shall represent only one Member. 3.-Members included in Group "AA" shall be entitled to eight votes each; those in Group "A" to six votes each; those in Group "B" to four votes each; those in Group "C" to two votes each, and those in Group "D" to one vote each (See Rule 4 (3) for Groups of Membership). Only delegates of Members shall have power to vote and votes shall be recorded by one delegate only from each Member. Note: Each delegation shall be provided with an official voting card, bearing the number of votes to which that delegation is entitled. Unless a ballot is called for, voting shall be conducted by show of voting cards. 4.-Members shall be entitled to register votes as soon as their affiliation has been ratified by Congress. 5.-The Congress shall be convened biennially and the venue shall be fixed at the preceding meeting. 6.-A Special Congress may be called by the Council and shall be called if not less than one-third of the RULE 7

51 Members give notice in wntmg to the Honorary Secretary stating they desire such a meeting and the reasons relating thereto. Upon receipt of any such notice, the Honorary Secretary shall summon a meeting of the Congress within three months.

. d the Council for approval and rules must be submItte to s for amendment or ratificareferred t<? the next Confederations or Comti<?n. RehgIOllnald their activities to Congress mIttees s a ren

7.-The President shall preside at all Congress meetings. In his absence the meeting shall appoint one of the elected Vice-Presidents. Scrutineers for ballots shall be appointed from the delegates to Congress.

every two years. . . f valued services given to the 11.-ln .recogmtIhnalfbe entitled to elect an Honora.ry LA.A.F.,. Congress Life-PresIdent and Store no m . than three Honorary LIfe Vice-Presidents, without votmg power.

8.-0nly the Congress shall have power to approve or alter any constitutional rule. All additions, amendments or alterations to the Constitution Rules must obtain two-thirds of the voting power of those present and such two-thirds must also represent at least one third of the total voting power of the I.A.A.F. 9.-The Cong.ress shall elect by secret ballot, for a period of four years unless otherwise decided by Congress, the following Committees: Technical Committee, Women's Committee, Walking Committee, Cross Country Committee. Other Committees may be appointed by Congress as necessary. The number of members of such committees and the functions, powers and duties of these bodies shall be in accordance with Rule 8. All nominations for these committees shall be sent to the Honorary Secretary of the LA.A.F. not later than three calendar months prior to the date of Congress at which such elections will be made. I D.-Continental, Area or Group Associations, Confederations or Committees may be formed for each of the six Groups listed under Rule 4 (5). In the case of Committees, these shall be elected by Regional Congresses and the resulf of all elections notified to the Honorary Secretary. Each of such Associations, Confederations or Committees shall draw up its own rules relating to its constitution and powers (which shall in all cases be limited to operation within its own area and in no sense conflict with any I.A.A.F. rule). These

RULE 8 Committees

d b the be

All Committees Honorary Secretary an reported to .Congress. 'tt The Technical Committee, (a) Techmcal C?mmI competition rules shall to whom all questIOns c?ntc f a Chairman and 15 indi. be referred, shall conSIS o. viduals from various c.ountnes. men's Committee, (b) Women's athletics shall and 10 indito whom all questIOns be referred, shall consIst 0 . a viduals various Walking Committee, to (c) Walkmg CommIttee.-. W 1k'n shall be referlb from whom all red, shall 0 a I various countnes. Committee -The Cross Country (d) c;ross Country 11 uestions concerning cross ad CommIttee, to . consist of . a Chairman country shall be relerre , s6.all and ten from and Road NOTL:: Runmng Quest.lOnshcol1n to the Technical Coms a jl . e -The Medical Committee. to medical nature concermng hall consist of a Chairman whom. all questIons 0 athletIcs shall sfrom various countries,. to 12 m pOSSI'ble at least one representatIve and up as to far include from every Contment. RULE 8 .

(e) MedICal C<?mmItt;

53 RULE 9

Languages

At all Congress Meetings each Me b Âˇ . his own language d' I m er may speak m be made into G' an SImu taneous translations must erman Russian and S .h . . addItion to English and F panIS , m and the Rules and Regulat' rencMh.. The Constitution IOns, mutes Reports d . , an o th er communIcations shall b ' the Council shall decide. e m such languages as In all cases of any differe . h . any text the English versionnche 11mbt e mterpretation of s a e accepted. RULE 10

A report contammg the recommendations of the Technical Committee will be circulated to all Members at least three months before the Congress held at the time of the Olympic Games. Urgent proposals for alterations to the technical rules may, however, be made at any time and they must be discussed at the next Congress, even if they reach the Honorary Secretary later than 6 months prior to Congress. 4.-When alterations to technical rules are adopted by Congress or decided upon by Council as an urgent matter under Rule 6, paragraph 9 (d), a fixed date for the operation of the said amendments must be stated, such date to allow adequate time for all member countries to put them into operation simultaneously.

Alterations to Rules

l.-Constitutibnal Rules P I fI . additions to the or be made only by a M b . . . . may or by the Council and must reach the Honorary f calendar months prior to thi' the I.A.A.F: at least six ongress at whIch they are to be considered The bers at least four be MemNo proposals shall be considered ore suc the notice specified herein. by Congress WIthout

2.-Technical Rules Pro I rules, rules for posa s the technical a!ld rules for Walking, Cross-Count tions must be sent to 7'he Road Runnmg competiLA.A.F. so as to reach him Secretary <?f the they Rule 8 for advI' dPpropnate , ce an recommendatIOns.

defined in

t theÂˇ technical rules will normally of the Olympic four years, at the tIve until after the Games. ' an WI not become effecRULES 9-10

RULE 11 Suspensions and Reinstatement I.-The Council shall have the power to suspend any Member or athlete from international competition until the next meeting of the Congress, and the Congress shall likewise have the power to suspend any Member or athlete from international competition for so long as shall be stated in its decision. Before exercising its powers under this rule the Council or Congress must notify the Member or athlete (through the Member) of any alleged infringement of the Rules and afford an opportunity to the Member or athlete of being heard. 2.-0n the application of any Member, the Council may reinstate any athlete who by reason of any infringement of the I.A.A.F. Rules has become ineligible to take part in competition under I.A.A.F. Rules. Any application for reinstatement must be forwarded to the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. by the Secretary of the Member responsible for the athlete concerned. Such application shall give in detail the circumstances leading to the ineligibility and the reasons advanced for reinstatement. RULE 11

RULE 12 International Meetings--Compet"t C Ab " I ors ompeting road-Quahfications of Competitors I.-At the following Internatio . I M . eetmgs, the rules and regulations of the I A A F na ' . . . . must apply' (a) 01 ympIc Games and WorId Ch .. . (b) Continental, Regional or Area or Games. ampIOns IpS (c) Group .

or Championships (i e other or Games open to ali e ongmg to a defined group) (d) Matches between two or Members. International Meetin s '. whIch any foreign athlete takes pgart anY meetIll.gs III by the LA.A.F. or by a Member. us t be sanctIOned 3.-In sanctioning any I t ' . bers should d h n .ernatlOnal Meetmg Memraw t e attentIOn f th ' Importance of his observing all :he I PXÂ°:JlORterl to the should not normally give u es and who has previously failed foeormbIsslOn hto any promoter serve t e rules. 4.-Members in authorisin I t Âˇ their jurisdiction shall Meetings o

th: m other currencies).

. .

or Its eqUIvalent

5.-.(a) No athlete or club m t k ' . meetmg in a forei c ay a .e part ID an athletIc the written approval of his any foreign athlete no Member such permit certifying th t h .any competItIOn permItted to compete in the couate IS an amateur and (b) Any athlete co . . n ry

P athletic laws of that

be subject to the

in t: of an athlete carne on through the Members c RULE 12 oncerned and m no circumstances shall any 0

invitation be extended directly or indirectly to an athlete by any individual, club, college, university or other organisation. The only exception to the foregoing shall be where a Member shall authorise one of its member clubs to communicate with the club of another country concerning the participation of one or more of its athletes, and such authorisation shall be granted on the express condition that the Member concerned is kept informed as to the context of the communications. 7.-Where an athlete of any member country receives a scholarship from an institution in another country, then as a condition to and before the athlete's governing body shall grant the permission to compete referred to in Rule 12 (6), the President of the institution granting the scholarship shall first submit to the Member, in whose country the educational institution is located, full and detailed information of the nature and extent of the scholarship aid furnished to the athlete, for transmission to the Member of the athlete's home country. S.-In Olympic Games and World Championships and in Continental, Regional or Area Championships or Games (i.e. categories lea) and l(b) of Rule 12) Members shall be represented only by citizens by birth or naturalisation or registration of the country which the affiliated Member represents, or by athletes otherwise acquiring citizenship by the procedure legally recognised in that country, except in the case of citizens of a colony, when they shall be eligible to represent the mother country in any such meeting if such colony is not represented by membership of the LA.A.F. Having once represented any Member in 'a meeting which comes within the categories defined in l(a) and l(b), no contestant may thereafter represent any other Member except in the following circumstances: (a) The incorporation of one country in another. (b) The creation of a new country ratified by treaty. ,

56 57 election to membership of the I A A P f natIOnal governing body ofa colon . . . .? the directly represented by a M b Ynot preVIously (d) A h f " em er. o. CItIzenship of a woman by marriage ( e) RecsI'dange ence In a country fI t I . since the d t or a east three years st repres.eJ?ted another acqumng citizenship of that egal with such provisions. reSI ence may be re d uced to one year If . the two M em bers concerned a d if ' the I.A.A.P. approves. gree an the Council of (c)

9.-Athletes from a Naf I Pd' other Athletics 0 ' . IOna. e. eratIOn or some whIch not an affiliated Member of the I except for meetings ay ID any competition (b) of Rule 12 against dl . (a) and a Member, provided:e Juns IctIOn of (a) that the Federation or Orga . t' . t h . msa IOn concerned IS no at t at tIme suspended by the I A A F ' . . . or excludedfrorn p f I . (b) that the athl t ar ICU ar categones of competition; . e es concerned are amateurs' (c) that the pnor permission of the C '1'" upon application of the or terntory where the competl't" ry I f Ion IS to take fo or to . the Member wishing to send athletes ompe e ill a non-Member country or territo . (d) that where the competition I'S h Id . ry , Me m ber country or territory the eM IDb a nonobt . d' , em er must an un ertakmg from the organisin bo y m all other respects, the rules of the I A d be WI observed. . . .p . RULE 13

World, Area andGroup Championships

I.-The I.A.A.F. alone shall h h' . or sanction World Area' Gave t e nght to orgamse or roup Championships for Athletics. ' 2.-The Olym . G h Championships. plC ames s all be regarded as World RULE 13

3.-Sanction of the LA.A.F. is required for all Area or Group Championships or Games, for Inter-Continental matches and for any other athletic meetings in which teams from five or more countries participate except where otherwise provided by the Rules. The application for sanction must be made to the I.A.A.F., accompanied by a fee 'Of ÂŁ25 sterling (or its equivalent in other currencies) by the sponsoring Member for such sanction except for the Olympic Games. All application forms must be completed in detail and loq,ged at the headquarters of the LA.A.F. by registered post not later than TWELVE MONTHS prior to the date of the Area or Group Championships or Games in question. Organising Committees must ensure that countries to whom invitations are sent are in membership of the LA.A.F. and any other country wishing to participate must apply to the I.A.A.F. for membership, which must have been granted prior to their entry being accepted. Such applications must be received by the LA.A.F. Office at least three months before the date of the opening of the promotion concerned. any Area or Group The LA.A.F. shall not Championships or Games without first having obtained an unqualified undertaking that the necessary permission for visiting athletes to enter the country where the competition is to be held will be forthcoming sufficiently far ahead to enable them to travel and compete at the games. Should it subsequently transpire that these undertakings cannot be fulfilled, the Competition shall be transferred to another country which can fulfil the guarantee. . 4.-The LA.A.F. shall designate a representative to attend each Area or Group Championships or Games or each Inter-Continental Match at the expense of the organisers to ensure that the rules and regulations of the LA.A.P. are complied with. The travelling expenses of this representative shall be paid to him by the Organisers not later than fourteen days prior to his departure to the venue. The choice of airline shall be left to the discretion of the representative and in

58 59

cases involving flights over on h miles, first class retum air expenses shall 1 s e .provIded. a so e paId by the Orgamsers not later than the fi ships or the athletic section of day of the championtatIVe shall render his re rt ga es . Such representhirty days thereafter. po 0 t e LA.A.F. within

RULE 14 Expenses .-The follo wmg rules shall 1 allowed to any athlete . aPI? Y to .the expenses as defined in ID athletIc meeting in a for' ,or takmg part ID an limited to the daily all elgn country. These shall be for travelling meals anodwlandce. and to the actual outlay 2 '. 0 gmg. h .-The daIly allowance fi penses to athletes during thei or t out-of:pocket exmust not exceed US $3 r stay III a.foreIgn country ?d the eqUIvalent in other currencies and 3.-{a) National ov t the team manager. trol all financial bodIes must strictly Con(b) Payments must be m d h goveming bodies of the cou t rough the National the exceptional and save in d out elow, no payments whatsoever may be nor to any person on his to the athlete himself (c) The athlete's own nati 1 . authorise the national on.a govemmg body may body whose jurisdiction he is for the to the athlete actual essenfIabtmg competmg, to refund meals and lodging and at t for travelling such body of the natIOnal body a detailed state a 0r;ard to the athlete's (d) Where any advance ment? all such payments. an athlete to obtain IS necessary to enable men e!1 or expend money on travellin or a provided by whIch .cannot be to the b hi or thIS must be wIll obtain reimbursem:nt govemmg b.ody, who where the competition tak 1m the govemmg body RULE 14 es pace. 1

4.-No monetary payment or other consideration of any nature may be made directly or indirectly for any person other than the athlete, whether friend, relative or otherwise in connection with or resulting from the entry, appearance or participation of the athlete in any event except that the expenses of the athlete's bona fide team manager or .coach who will accompany the athlete to any competition may be paid. Such expenses, however, must be paid directly to such team manager or coach and may in no event be paid to the athlete, and shall not exceed the amounts allowable to the athlete hereunder and such team manager or coach shall furnish to the athlete's national governing body the same detailed statement of all such payments made otherwise than through the athlete's national governing body as is required herein in respect of the athlete. 5.-The period of time in anyone calendar year for which an athlete may receive expense money is limited to 28 days exclusive of the time taken in travelling. Accumulation of these days from one calendar year to the next is not allowed. Competition in Area or Group Championships or Games or where the athlete is representing his country in genuine international matches against other countries is excluded from this rule. Only the Council of the I.A.A.F. is empowered to grant extensions in exceptional circumstances. NOTEs.-(i) A match is one where with the authority of the governing bodies concerned the competition is announced as between tearns representing two or more countries. Each team should be selected by the governing body concerned. A "touring" team consisting of a small number of athletes is not recognised as an international team for the purpose of this definition. (ii) Assistance provided for an athlete's dependants in accordance with the I.O.e. Rule in respect of athletes' participation in the Olympic Games does not constitute a violation of the I.A.A.F. Rule. (iii) The provisions of Rule 14 do not apply to an athlete resident in a foreign country, but only to one \'isiting a foreign country to take part in one or more competitions.

61 60

RULE 15 Material Assistance Material assistance in the fonn of goods and services provided for athletes to assist them in training or competition must be controlled by the national governing bodies concerned. If an athlete is authorised to avail himself of the services of a doctor for medical treatment or a masseur or coach, accounts should be submitted and payments made direct to the doctor, masseur or coach and not through the athlete. When manufacturers are prepared to provide free issues of implements or personal equipment distribution shall be controlled through the Member.

ELIGIBILITY AND AMATEUR STATUS RULE 51 Definition of Amateur , An amateur is one who competes for the love and as a means of recreation, without any securing any material gain from such competitIOn.

RULE 52 Restriction of Competition to d t Com etition under LA.A.F. rules. IS . re.str.1 cte 0 p hletes who are under the JUrISdIctIOn of a who are eligible to compete under the rules as laid down by the LA.A.F. RULE 53 ° ° °bility for International Competition . persons are ineligible to take part III The competitions under LA.A.F. Any person who, since reachmg the age of 16, . (i) has competed in any sport for any pecumary reward; . . h' h (ii) has taken part in any athletic meeJmg m w IC any of the competitors were, to hIS knowledge, . ineligible to compete under I.A.A.F. (iii) has ever received any pecuni<l:ry for teaching training or coachmg m any sport k NOTE education teachers is educational and who are not paid direct y or indirectll' for the coaching of athletes for competitions are eligible to compete as (iv) has at any time been interested: m any athletic meeting in WhICh he was (v) writes, lectures or broadcasts for anv track or field event or. competitIOn WI ?U the prior permission of hIS nati.onal gove.rmng the body This permission must be g.lVen ma mg a case 'of a person. who is career in that particular actIVIty. RULES 51-53 I

RULE 16 AdYertising within the Arena At International meetings within Categories lea), (b) and (c) of Rule 12, advertising within the arena enclosed by the running track or elsewhere where competition is taking place is not permitted. Manufacturers' labels or trade marks on equipment used within the competition arena must be limited to one mark on each piece of equipment which must not exceed the following size: 15 cm. x 2t cm. (6 in. x 1 in.). At meetings within the above categories however, where manufacturers have supplied electronic equipment for measuring or timekeeping, or for conveying information to the public, at the discretion of the Organising Committee, the manufacturer's name may appear in the arena on signs which do not exceed 200 cm x 40 cm. There is no objection to advertising material outside the stadium, or inside the stadium but outside the competition area. Advertisements may also appear in programmes and on notices or posters of the meeting. Meeting organisers may also acknowledge the sponsors of meetings by official announcements made at the commencement of the meeting and immediately after the last event. RULES 15--16

wOi

(vi) receives, directly or indirectly, any compensation for using or recommending the use of any merchandise whatsoever; "merchandise" shall include anything sold or any service supplied to the public; (vii) allows his name or his picture, whether static or moving, to be used directly or indirectly to advertise any merchandise; NOTE.-When and where it is proved that the name or the picture of the athlete was used for the purpose of this paragraph without his knowledge, the indemnity to be collected from the person or responsible for the injury, privately agreed or stipulated by the Courts, will revert to the Federation to which the athlete (viii) while training or competing, displays on his person any advertising material other than the accepted name of his club or organisation, or takes on to any arena or course any form of advertising material. This rule shall apply to the competitors' numbers, clothing and travelling bags, but does not apply to articles not clearly visible; See also Note to Rule 142, (5.) (ix) takes part in any athletic meeting which is not sanctioned, recognised or certified by the Member in the country in which the event is held. (x) accepts directly or indirectly any money or other consideration for expenses or loss of earnings. other than what is permitted under Rule 14-15. (xi) uses drugs as defined in Rule 144 ("Doping"). (xii) is, and for so long as he remains, ineligible to compete in competitions under the jurisdiction of his national governing body; (xiii) enters into a contract or agreement to compete as a professional (ithlete. RULE 54 Guarantee by National Governing Body In any competition under I.A.A.F. rules, the eligibility of any athlete competing shall be guaranteed by the Member to which the athlete belongs. RULE 54

DIVISION III ATHLETIC RULES for MEN'S AND WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS Note :-Alterations to Competition rules by Congress in 1974 are indicated by veTtlca.1 lmes m the page margins. All such changes come mto force on 1st May, 1975. RULE 101 All international competitions shall be under rules of the International Amateur Athletic and this shall be stated in all announcements, advertIsements, programmes and printed matter.. , The rules as laid down shall be apphcable to men s and women's competitions. . . NOTE -It is recommended that National ASSOCLQtwns should the rules of the I.A.A.F. for the conduct of their own athletic meetings. SECTION I OFFICIALS AND THEIR DUTIES RULE 111 Officials of the Meeting The list laid down in this rule comprises those considered to be necessary for. principal inter'!atlOnal meetings. The organisers.are at hberty to vary thLS where local circumstances reqUlre. MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS

One Manager "\ One Secretary One Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course, JURY OF ApPEAL. COMPETITION OFFICIALS

One Referee for Track Events One (or more) Referees for Field Events One Referee for Walking Events Four (or more) Judges for Track Events , RULES lOt, tll

------

Four (or more) Judges for Field Events Four (or more) Judges for Walking Events Four (or more) Umpires for Track Events Three (or more) Timekeepers One (or more) Starters One (or more) Recall Starters One or more Starter's Assistants or Marksmen One (or more) Lap Scorers One Recorder One Marshal One or more Wind Gauge Operators ADDITIONAL OFFICIALS

One (or more) Announcers One Official Surveyor One (or more) Doctors Stewards for Competitors, Officials and Press. The principal official of each event should be indicated by a distinctive ';lrmband or badge. If deemed necessary, assistants may be appointed. Care should however be taken to keep the arena as free from officials as possible. women's events held there shall be apas many women officIals as may be appropriate, mcludmg a woman doctor when possible. For the duties of officials see the following rules.

RULE 112 The Manager The shall have charge of the Meeting and be responSIble for the proper carrying out of the programme. He shall see that all officials have reported for and shall appoint substitutes, and III co-operation. WIth the appointed Marshal, arrange that only authoflsed persons are allowed in the centre of the arena. RULE 1I2

RULE 113 The Secretary The Secretary shall be responsible for the .calling of the meetings of the executive and other commIttees, shall prepare all minutes relating thereto. He shall be m charge of all arrangements, and shall.receive and conduct all pnncIpal correspondence relatmg to the Meeting. RULE 114 The Technical Manager (Clerk of the Course) The Technical Manager shall act directly under the Manager of the Meeting and be responsible for that the track, runways, circles, arcs, sectors and 'pItS for field events are properly laid out, also all eqUipment is according to specification and readIly available. for approval by the appointed Referee, and that sconng, result and time recording cards are prepared. See also Rule 126. RULE 115 Jury of Appeal In Area or Group Games or a Jury of Appeal which should normally conSIst of not less than three nor more than five persons shall be The primary function of the Jury shall be to deal WIth all protests under Rule 147, and with an):' other arising during the course of the !lleetlI?-!?i whIch are referred to them for decision. TheIr deCISIOn shall be final. While in general the Jury should not intervene in .the course of a meeting, if they observe any matter in their opinion, requires should d1SC':lss such matter with the responSIble offiCIal and offer adVIce as to what should be done. Decisions involving points which are not covered by the Rules shall be reported subsequently by the President of the Jury to the Honorary Secretary of the LA.A.F. RULES 113-115

67 RULE 116 Referees

I.-A separate Referee shall be appointed for track events, for field events and for events outside the stadium. 2.-It shall be the responsibility of a Referee to see that the rules are observed and decide any technical points which arise during the Meeting, and for which provision has not apparently been made in these rules. The Referee shall have jurisdiction to decide any placings in a race, only when Judges of the disputed place or places are unable to arrive at a decision. See also Rule 117, (2) and Rule 146, (1). 3.-Referees shall allocate Judges to particular events if this has not peen previously arranged, specifying the duty each should carry out (e.g. circle, take-off board etc.); announce to the Judges and ensure that the competitors are informed of the number of trials to be allowed under the rules even if this has been printed in the programme; supervise the measurements of performances; check the final results and deal with any disputed points. See also Rule 117, (1). 4.-The appropriate Referee shall have the power to exclude any competitor for improper conduct and he shall decide on the ground any protest or objection as to the conduct of a competitor. See also Rule 118, Rule 122 and Rule 147. 5.-If in the opinion of the Referee circumstances arise at any meeting so that justice demands that any event should be contested again, he shall have power to declare the event void and such event shall be held again, either on the same day or on some future occasion, as he shall in his absolute discretion decide. See also Rule 142, (6). 6.-The Referee shall have power to change the place of the competition in any field event, if in his opinion RULE 116

the conditions justify a change. Such a change shall be made only after a round is completed. 7.-Upon completion O! event the result card shall be immediately filled In, SIgned by the Referee and handed to the Recorder. See also Rule 123.

RULE 117 Judges

General

I.-Subject to the laid down by the Association and except In the of the Games the organisers of the meetIng shall appoInt the Judges 'for the various events. The Referee shall allocate the duties among the Judges. Track Events, and Road Events finishing on the Track.

2.-The Judges, who must all operate fr?m th.e same side of the track, shall decide the order In WhICh the competitors fi!1i.sh, and in any case where they cannot arrive at a declSlon shall refer the matter to the Referee, who shall decide. NOTE.-The Judges should be placed at metres order (or 16ft. 6in.) from and in line with thefimsh lme, an that they may have a good view of the elevated stand should be provided. A photo-fi.msh appargtus should be available for use whenever pOSSIble as an aId to the Referee and Judges. (See Note to Rule l62,para. 11). 3.-The Judges shall judge, measure and. each valid trial of the competitors in all events In WhICh result is determined by height or distance. In the hIgh jump and pole vault, precise should be made when the bar is raised, partIcularly If records are keep a being attempted. At least two. Judges record of all trials, checking theIr recordIngs at the end of each round. RULE 117

68 RULE 118 Umpires (Track Events) I.-Um pires are assistants to the Referee without ' power to give any decisions. shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such Pol?! as the Referee may determine to watch the competition closely and, in case of a foul or violation of the a comp etitor or other person, to make an !ules ImmedIate report of the incident to the Referee. 3.-l!mpires should also be appointed to undertake duties of supervision in relay races at the take-over pomts. NOTE .- When an umpire observes that a runner has run in a different lane from his own, he should immediately mark where the runner ran outside his lane. RULE 119 Timekeepers l.-(a) There should be three official Timekeepers be the Chief Timekeeper) and one (one of whom two altern ate TImekeepers who should time the Wlllner of. every event. The times recorded by the alternate TImekeepers' watches shall not be considered one or more of the official Timekeepers' watches to record the time, in which case the falls be called upon, in such alternate TImekeepers decided, so that, in all usly order as has been prevlO recorded the official have watches should wlllnlllg time. shall act independently and, .(b) Each to or discussing his time with watch hIS WIthout enter his time on the printed any other and after slgnmg the form, hand it to the Chief may examine the watches to verify TImekeeper, the reported times. Timekeeper shall then decide what is Cc) the offiCIal tIme for each competitor, applying, as RULE S 118-119

69 necessary, the provisions of this rule and provide the result for publication. (d) In the event of two of three official watches agreeing and the third disagreeing, the time shown by the two shall be the official time. If all three watches disagree, the time shown by the watch recording the middle time shall be the official time. (e) If the hand of the watch stops between the two lines indicating the time, the longer time shall be accepted. If aI/I OOth second timer is used the time shall be read from it to the nearest 0.1 second, Le. 9.94 is read as 9.9 but 9.95 is read as 10.0. (See also Rule 195, para. 6 Cb), for Pentathlon and Decathlon events.) 2.-If for any reason only two watches record the time of an event, and they fail to agree, the longer time of the two shall be accepted as the official time. 3-.-Th e time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol or appro ved appar atus to the mome nt at which any part of the body of the comp etitor (i.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the perpendicular plane of the nearer edge of the finish line. NOTE .-(l) It is recommended that the Timekeepers should be placed at least five metres (l6ft 6in) from and in line with the finish on the opposite side of the track to the judges, and, in order that they may have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided wherever practicable. (2) It is desirable wherever possible (a) to record times for the second and subsequent places and (b) to record lap times in races of 800 metres and over, and, in addition, times at every 1000 metres in races of 3000 metres and over. 4.-A n electrical timekeeping device, appro ved by the Natio nal Association of the country where the competition is held, may be used. 5.-(a ) For races up to and including one mile or its metric equivalent, including Relay races, the timing shall be to one-tenth second.

NOTE.-Where an electrical timekeeping device is used, the times may be announced to one hundredth second (1/100 second), but shall be converted to one tenth, as indicated below, for the permanent official result. (b) For longer races, the timing shall be to one fifth second, but shall be recorded by conversion into tenths of a second (i.e. 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). (c) As most electric apparatus times to 1/100 second the following conversion table shall be used for converting times required to the nearest one-tenth second: Electrical timing:Official Result Second Second .95 - .04 .0 .05 - .14 .1 .15 - .24 .2 .25 - .34 .3 .35 - .44

.45 - .54 .55 - .64 .65 - .74 .75 - .84 .85 - .94

.5 .6 .7 .8 .9

Where timing is required to one-fifth second, the following conversion table shall be used: Electrical timing:Official Result Second Second .85 - .04 .0 .05 - .24 .2 .25 - .44

.45 - .64 .6 .65 - .84 .8 6.---{a) Fully automatic electrical timekeeping equipment shall be used in the Olympic Games, World Championships and, w:herever possible, in all Area and Group Championships. (b) Whenever fully alltomatic electrical timekeeping equipment is used at any meeting, the time recorded shall be the official time as worded in paragraph 5 hereof.

RULE 120 The Starter and Recall Starters I.-The Starter shall have entire control of t?e competitors on their marks, and shall be the sole Judge of any fact connected with the start of the race, except as provided in (3) below. 2.-1n r.aces where the competitors are not placed behind the same starting line (i.e. Races from 200 1\ metres to 880 yards on circular the should use a microphone connected wIth amplIfiers opposite the starting line in each lane. such a device is not used, the Starter shall so place the distance between him and each of the competItors IS approximately the same. Where, the .Starter cannot place himself in such a posItion, the pIstol ?r approved apparatus should be placed there and dIScharged by electric contact. See also Rule 162 for regulations relating to the start. 3.-The Starter or any Recall Starter shall recall the competitors by the firing of a pistol or approved apparatus in any race if in his opinion the start was not a fair one. RULE 121 Starter's Assistants (or Marksmen) I.-The Starter's Assistants shall check that the competitors are competing in the correct heat or race and that their numbers are worn properly, one on breast and one on the back. Stations in events at all dIstances shall be numbered from left to right, facing the direction of running. 2.-They must place each competitor his correct lane or station, assembling the competItors on .an the assembly line 3 metres (or 10 line (in the case of races started III echelon, SImIlarly behind each starting line), and when so placed they shall signal to the Starter that all is ready. When a fresh start is ordered the Starter's Assistants shall assemble the competitors again. RULES 120-121

3.-The Starter's Assistants shall be responsible for the readiness of batons for the first runners in a relay race. 4.-When the Starter has ordered the competitors to their marks, the Starter's Assistants must see that no competitor places either fingers, hands or feet on the starting line or in front of it. If any difficulty arises they must signal immediately to the Starter.

RULE 124 The Marshal Marshal shall have full charge of the arena and shall not allow any persons other than the officials, competitors assembled to to enter and therein. shall control hiS aSSistants and aSSIgn to them their duties. He shall arrange for an enclosure to be provided for officials when not on duty.

See also Rule 162 "The Start and the Finish ".

RULE 125 The Announcer The Announcer shall give out to the public the names and numbers of the competitors taking part in each event and all relevant information such as the comdrawn, .and position of the heats, lanes or intermediate times. The result (placmgs, times, heIghts and distances) of each event be at earliest possible moment after receIpt of the mformatIOn from the Recorder. See also Rule 123.

RULE 122 Lap Scorers I.-A Lap Scorer shall keep a record of the laps covered by each competitor in races from 1500 metres to 5000 metres. For races exceeding 5000 metres a numunder the direction of the Referee ber of lap shall be appointed and provided with lap scoring cards on which they shall record the times over each lap (as given to them by an official Timekeeper) of the competitors for whom they are responsible. No Lap Scorer should record for more than four competitors. 2.-A special Lap Scorer shall be appointed to notify to each competitor the number of laps which he still has to complete. He shall notify the final lap by the ringing of a bell or otherwise.

RULE 123 The Recorder The Recorder shall collect the result of each event, together with the times pr heights or distances, which shall be furnished to him by the Referee and the Chief Timekeeper. He shall as soon as possible communicate the information to the Aimouncer and, after recording the placings, times, heights or distances, he shall hand the official result together with all cards to the Manager of the meeting. See also Rule 116, (7) and Rule 125. RULES 122-123

RULE 126 The Official Surveyor The Official Surveyor shall, immediately prior to the all meeting, survey the track and runways, and the distances which are to be contested, also the Circles, arcs, sectors and other measurements relating to the field events. He shall furnish to the Technical Manager and the Referee, before the Meeting, certificates as to correctness. See also Rule 145. RULE 127 The Wind Gauge Operator The wind gauge operator shall ensure that the gauge is erected in accordance with Rule 148, paragraph 4 (h). He shall ascertain the velocity of the wind in the running direction in appropriate events and shall then record the results obtained and communicate them to the appropriate official. See also Rule 123. RULES 124-127

SECTION /I

RULES FOR COMPETITION RULE 141 Entries

I.-Competitions under I.A.A.F. Rules are restricted to amateurs in accordance with the I.A.A.F. Rules relating to the eligibility of athletes to compete. See Rules 51-54. . 2.-No competitor be allowed to compete outside country unless hIS amateur status is guaranteed wntmg. by the recognised governing Athletic AssociatIon of hIS country, and he has permission from such body to compete. In all international competitions, such guarantee of the amateur status of an athlete shall be <?onc1'usive, for the time being, of the athlete s elIgIbilIty to compete; any objection as to his status shall be referred to the I.A.A.F. 3.-For 9lympic Games and :,,\rea or Group Games or ChampIOnshIps, the OrganISIng Committee shall appoint a panel of three medical doctors. Every entry for events must be accompanied by a certificate Issued under the provisions of Rule 141 (4) or by a ph?tostat copy thereof, or the competitor will be reqUIred to appear before the Medical Panel appointed to act at the Meeting concerned. 4.-.When an athlete has appeared before such a MedIcal Panel and been declared eligible to compete in Women's events, the Panel shall forward to the I.A.A.F. the name of this athlete for inclusion on a Central Register.. Upon request from the National Federation the I.A.A.F. will issue a certificate in respect of any athlete whose name appears on the Register. the case of International meetings other than OlympIC Games and Area or Group Championships RULE 141

or Games, entries must be accompanied either by a certificate issued under the provisions of Rule 141 (4) or by a certificate signed by a medical and countersigned on behalf of the confirming that the athlete is quahfied to compete m Women's events. Failure to'participate 6.-At Olympic Games and Area or Group Ch<:tmpionships or Games, it is recommended that a competitor be excluded from participation in further events, including relays, in cases where: (1) a final confirmation was given that the. athlete start in an event but then he or she falled to partICIit was pate without giving a valid reason, so not practicable to delete the name offiCIally from the list of starters for that event; (2) he or she qualified in preliminaries or hea.ts for further participation in an event but then dId not compete further without giving a valid reason. NOTE.-A fixed time for the final confirmation of starters should be published in advance. RULE 142 The Competition

I.-No performance accomplished by an athlete will be valid unless it has been accomplished during an official competition using only equipment authorised by the rules of the LA.A.F. 2.-In matches arranged between Members, the number of trials in the jumping and throwing events may be reduced as desired; any such arrangement should be made previous to the meeting. Clothing 3.-ln all events competitors must wear clothing which is clean and so designed and worn as not to able. The clothing must be made of a matenal whIch IS non-transparent even if wet. RULE 142

76 !n

Games or ani: <:;Tames or Championshall partIcIpate Ir;t the unifonn cloth11 Ing officIally approved by theIr NatIOnal Federation. Competition Shoes 4.-Competitors may compete in bare feet or with on .one both feet. The purpose of shoes for competItIon to gIve protection and stability to the feet and a finn grIp of the ground; such shoes, however, must not . constr.ucted so as to give the competitor any addItIonal assIstance. . Competitors are not permitted to wear shoes which ani: spring or device of any kind or of which or ridges, has a total thickthe sole, m?ludmg ness exceedmg 13 mIllImetres (0.5 in.). The thickness of the must not that ?f the sole by more than 6 mIllImetres (0.25 Ill.) III walking events, where shoes may be worn of whIch the thickness of the heel that of the sole by not more than 13 millimetres m.).. To protect the. heel. the jar of impact Jumpmg ar;td trIple Jumpmg, the competitor m may the thIckness of the heel itself or include a pad InSIde the shoe so that the total thickness of heel and pad does not exceed 25 millimetres (l inch). !he sole and the heel ha.ve ridges and/or spIk.es.. The number of spIkes IS lImIted to a maximum of SIX In the sole proper and two in the heel The part of each spike which projects from the sole the heel not exceed 25 millimetres (l in.) in length or 4 (0-.16 in.) in diameter. A shoe strap over the Instep IS permItted. When a cOJ?petition is conducted on an all-weather track, shall comply with the instructions of the Orgamsers as to the length of spikes. Com1?etitors may not use any appliance either inside or 0l:ltsIde the. shoe which will have the effect of inthe of the sole. above the pennitted maXImum of 13 mIllImetres (0.51 m.) or which can give the wearer any advantage which he would not obtain from the type of shoe described in the previous paragraphs.

77 Numbers 5.-Every competitor must be provided with two numbers to be worn visibly on the breast and back. The numbers must correspond with the number in the programme. If track suits are worn in the competition, numbers must be worn on the track suit in a similar manner. in the pole vault and high jump, the competitors may wear the number on the back or front only. Where photo-finish equipment is in operation, the meeting organisers may require competitors to wear additional numbers of an adhesive type on the side of their shorts. No competitor shall be allowed to take part in any competition without the appropriate number or numbers. At Area or Group Games or Championships, the competitors number card may bear only the official name of the meeting or competition (size not to exceed 15 cm x 2.5 cm, 6 in. x 1 in.) in addition to the actual number. NOTE.-Members who have contracts with commercial sponsors for the addition of lettering on number cards to be worn at matches with other Members and at domestic meetings, are' recommended not to permit this lettering to exceed IS cm x 2.5 cm, (6 in. x 1 in.) and to ensure that the same style of number is issued to all competitors taking part in the competition.

6.-Any competitor jostling, running across or obstructing another competitor so as to impede his progress shall be liable to disqualification. If in any race a competitor is disqualified for any of these reasons, the Referee shall have power to order the race to be re-run excluding the disqualified competitor or, in the case of a heat, to permit any competitors affected by the act resulting in disqualification (other than the disqualified competitor) to compete in a subsequent round of the race. If for any reason a competitor is hampered in a trial in a field event, the Referee shall have power to award him a substitute trial. See also Rule 116, (5). 7.-ln all races run in lanes each competitor should

78 keep his allotted lane from start to finish. This shall also apply to any portion of a race run in lanes. 8.-If.the Referee satisfied, on the report ofa Judge or UmpIre or otherWIse, that a competitor has deliberhis lane, he shall disq ualify him; but if ately run the Referee consIders that such action was unintentional he may at his discretion disq ualify, if he is of the that a material advantage was gained thereby. (See table beloH;' for theoretical advantages obtained by running from 1 to 10 strides from 5 cln to 30 cm inside the inner border of a lane round the curves.) Track 400 metres Stride 2.30 m Number of Strides I

2 3

4 5 6 7

8 9 10

Advantage Gained by Encroaching t centimetres on Inside of Lane t=5cm

t =10 cm

t = 15 cm

t =30 cm

cm 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.4

cm 0.7 1.4 2.2 2.9 3.6 4.4 5.1 5.8 6.5 7.2

cm 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.4 6.5 7.6 8.7 9.8 10.9

cm 2.2 4.4 6.6 8.8

2.2 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.6

10.9

13.1 15.3 17.5 19.7 21.9

This table shows, mathematically. the theoretical advantage gained by taking from I to 10 strides inside the lIlner border of a lane. The distances are shown in centimetres. e.g. four strides 15 cm inside gives an advantage of 4.4 cm.

9.-A competitor after voluntarily leaving the track or course shall not be allowed to continue in the race. In road races a competitor may leave the road with permission and under the control of a judge, proVIded that by going off course he does not lessen the distance to be covered. In field events and Decathlon and Pentathlon events permission of and accompanied by a judge, with competitor may leave the immediate area of the track during the progress of the competition.

IO.-Except with the prior approval of the Referee, no official nor any other person within the arena shall indicate any intermediate times to competitors. It.-Except as provided in Rules 165 and 191 (Marathon races and long distance walking races), during the progress of an event no competitor shall receive any assistance whatsoever from any person. '"Assistance" includes conveying advice or information to an athlete by any means. Any athlete receiving advice or information must be cautioned by the referee and warned that for any repetition, he will be debarred from further participation in the competition. Any performance accomplished up to that time will stand. 12.-If a competitor is entered in both a track event and field event, or in more than one field event taking place simultaneously, the judges may allow the competitor to take his trials in an order different from that decided upon prior to the start of the competition,l but the competitor cannot demand to take all his trials in succession nor to take any trials of the rounds in which he has failed to appear. 13.-Subject to the provisions of paragraph 12, if a competitor misses his turn in a field event, he shall not be permitted to take the trial so missed. 14.-A competitor in a field event who unreasonably delays making a trial renders himself liable to have that trial disallowed and recorded as a fault. For a second delay at any time during the competition, he shall be debarred from taking any further trials, but any performance accomplished up to that time shall stand. It is a matter for the Referee to decide, having regard to all the circumstances, what is an unreaso,nable delay. The following times, which must not be regarded as imperative, should not normally be exceeded: (a) In the case of the High Jump, Long Jump, Triple Jump, Shot, Discus, HammerandJavelin, 2 minutes ; and (b) In the case of the Pole Vault, 3 minutes.

The competitor must be notified by the official responsible when the period allowed for his trial has commenced. I5.-The Referee shall have the power to change the place of the competition in any field event, if in his opinion the conditions justify it. Such a change shall be made only after a round has been completed. 16.-Except in the case of relay races run in lanes See Rule 166 (2), competitors may not make check-marks or place objects on or alongside the running track for their assistance. 17.-Scoring: In matches where the result of a match is to be determined by the scoring of points, the method of scoring will, unless otherwise agreed by all the competing countries before the meeting, be as follows: (a) Where there are two teams with two competitors in each event: 5, 3, 2, 1. (b) Where there are three teams with two competitors in each event, or two teams with three competitors in each event, or six teams with one competitor in each event: 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. (c) In relay races with two teams: 5, 2. In relay races with three teams: 7, 4, 2. In relay races with six teams: 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. NOTE.-The scoring system set out above is based on the number of athletes (or teams in relay races) entitled to compete in each event, and will not be changed if the number actually competing in any event is smaller. RULE 143 Rounds, Heats and Qualifying Competitions Track Events

I.-Preliminary rounds (heats) shall be held in track events in which the number of competitors is too large to allow the competition to be conducted satisfactorily in a .. single round (final). 2.-The heats and qualifying competitions shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the Meeting, except in the Olympic Games, when the Council of the LA.A.F. will act. The representatives of each nation RULE 143

81 shall be placed as far as possible in different heats, which shall be so arranged that not less than six competitors shall qualify for the final. NOTE.- When heats are being arranged, it is recommended that as much information as possible about the performances of all competitors should be considered, and the heats so drawn that normally the best performers will reach the final. 3.-In any competition where there are more competitors than can be placed in the first row, the draw for stations shall be by nations, when one competitor from each nation shall be placed in the order of the draw. Additional starters from any nation shall then be placed behind, in the same order. 4.-A competitor shall not be allowed to compete in a heat other than the one in which his name appears, except in circumstances which in the opinion of the Referee justify an alteration. 5.-!-In all preliminary rounds, at least the first and second in each heat shall qualify for the next round, and it is recommended that where possible at least three in each heat should qualify. Any other competitors to qualify for the next round shall be decided either according to their placings or according to their times. Where competitors are to qualify by times, the order in which the heats are run shall be decided by draw after these rounds have been made up. 6.-The following minimum times must be allowed when practicable, between the last heat of any round and the first heat of a subsequent round or final: Up to 220 yards ... 45 minutes 90 minutes Over 220 yards to 1000 metres 180 minutes Over 1000 metres ... Field Events 7.-In any field event, a qualifying competition may be held if necessary, to decide who shall compete in the competition proper. The qualifying conditions shall be the Meeting arranged by the Committee

except in the Olympic Games when the Council of the I.A.A.F. will act. The competitors shall compete in the order drawn lot and, where possible, their names shall be m the programme in the order. drawn. In a qualIfymg Pole Vault, competition, apart from the HIgh J ump each competitor shall be allowed three tnals. A competitor once having achieved the qualifying standard shall not be allowed to continue in the qualifying competition. At the end of the qualifying competition the order for competing in the competition proper shall be determined by a fresh drawing by lot. NOTE.-In major competitions where there are enough competitors to warrant it, it is recommended that the qualifying competition be divided into two or more groups. Unless there are facilities for the two groups to compete at the same time, the second group should start the competition immediately the first group has finished. RULE 144 Doping

I.-Doping before or during competition is forbidden. 2.-Doping is the use by or distribution to a competitor of certain substances which could have the effect of improving artificially thecompetitor'.s and/<?r mental condition and so augmentmg hIS athletIc performance. . 3.-Doping substances, for the purpose of thIS rule, . include the following:(a) Psychomotor dr.ugs, e.g. benzphetamine, cocame dIethylpropIOn dImethylamphetamine, ethylamphetamme, fencamfamm, fenproporex, methylamphetamine, methylphenidate, norpseudo ephedrine, pemo.line, rhendimetrazine, phenmetrazine, phentermme, pIpradol, prolintane, and related compounds. (b) Sympathomimetic amines: ephedrine, methoxyphenamine, methylephedrine, and related compounds. RULE 144

(c)

Miscellaneous central nervous system stimulants: amiphenasole, bemigride, leptazol, nikethamide strychnine, and related compounds. ' (cl) Narcotic Analgesics, e.g. morphine, heroin, methadone, pethidine, dextromoramide, dipipanone. (e) Anabolic steroids, e.g. methandienone, stanazol, esters of nortestosterone and related compounds. The above list is not necessarily comprehensive. Cases of as to other substances which may be regarded as dopmg substances shall be referred to the Medical Committee for decision. Before any penalties are imposed under this rule, the actual doping substance must be identified beyond reasonable doubt. 4.-Anti-doping controls shall be carried out under the supervision of a Doping Committee and will take place only when ordered by the I.A.A.F. or by the Area or national governing body responsible for organising or sanctioning the meeting. The Doping Committee incll:lde a qualified .medical officer and an appropnate officIal of the meetmg (e.g. a Technical Delegate). Where testing for doping is to be carried out, the method of selection of the athletes to be controlled shall be decided before the event by the Doping Committee. Additional controls or tests may be ordered after the event at the discretion of the Doping Committee. . 5.-An athlete who takes part in a competition must, If so requested by the responsible official, submit to an anti-doping control. Refusal to do so will result in disqualification, and the athlete shall be reported to his natIOnal governing body, who shall inform the I.A.A.F. 6.-Medication administered by any route within 3 days of the start of the competition or event, must be declared to the Doping Committee before the competition or event, by means of official forms. 7.-A competitor found to have used or to be in possession of doping substances at an athletic meeting shall be disqualified from the competition and reported na.tional governing body. See Rule 53, (xi). to any person assisting or inciting others to use dopmg substances shall be considered as having

committed an offence against LA.A.F. rules, and thus exposes himself to disciplinary action. Any offences under this rule shall be reported by the national governing body to the LA.A.F. 8.-The detailed procedure for the conduct of tests, including the collection of urine. samples, the. method of analysis and the use of accredited laboratones, shall be determined by the Medical Committee of the LA.A.F. Copies of the current approved procedure be supplied on request by the LA.A.F. to responsIble for the information .and guidance of organising Doping CommIttees, athletes and officIals. RULE 145 Measurements and Weights I.-All measurements must be made with a certified steel or fibre-glass tape or bar graduated in centimetres, and/or quarter-inches, and all implements must be weighed on a governmentally approved balance. 2.-In measuring the track, two independent measurements must be made, which may not differ from each other by more than 0.0003-< L + 0.01 metres, where "L" is the length of the track in metres. NOTE.-This formula gives a highest permitted difference between two measurings for: lOOm 400m

0.04m O.13m

3.-In measuring the distances of throwing, and jumping events, that part of the tape the distance achieved must be held by an officIal at the take-off point, the circle or scratch line. Distances, if measured in metres, shall always be recorded to the nearest centimetre below the distance covered, i.e., fractions less than one centimetre must be ignored, except that in the case of the discus, .hammer and j.avelin throws, distances shall be recorded In even 2 units (e.g. 62.44m, 62.46m, etc.) to the nearest Untt below. Distances, if measured in feet, shall be recorded to the nearest quarter-inch below the distance covered. RULE 145

except that in the case of the discus, hammer and javelin throws, distances shall be recorded in units of 1 inch, to the nearest inch below. In jumping for height, all measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground with a certified steel or fibre-glass tape or bar to the lowest part of the upper side of the bar. NOTE.-Âˇ For measurements for World Records for all field events, see Rule 148 para. 4 (d). 4.-A scientific measuring apparatus, such as a datum line measurer, the accuracy of which is approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the country where the events are held, may be used. 5.-In events over roads, the course shall be measured one metre from the verge of the road and in the direction of the race. A certificate of correctness shall be furnished by the official surveyor-see Rule 126. It is recommended that a wheel of exact circumference which will record on a counter the number of revolutions be used. The speed of operation of the wheel should not exceed 3 miles or 5000 metres per hour and the counter must be checked against a stretch of roadnot running track-not less than one kilometre in length accurately measured by a surveyor's chain, steel tape or fibre-glass tape. See also Rules 126, 165 and 191. NOTE.-Instructions setting out the recommended method of measuring road courses may be obtained on application to the office of the I.A.A.F. RULE 146 Ties Ties shall be decided as follows: Track Events I.-In the event of a tie in any heat which affects the qualification ofcompetitors to compete in the next round or final, where practicable, the tying competitors shall both qualify, failing which they shall compete again. In case of a tie for first place in any final, the Referee is empowered to decide whether it is practicable to arrange for the competitors so tying to corppete again. If he RULE 146 - -

decides it is not, the result will stand. Ties III other placings shall remain. Field Events 2.-In jumping or vaulting for height: (a) The competitor with the lowest number of jumps at the height at which the tie occurs shall be awarded the higher place. (b) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the lowest total of failures throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place. (c) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the lowest total number of jumps (whether successful or not) throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place. Example-High Jump 1.78m 1.82m 1.85m

1.88m

1.90m

1.92m

1.94m

-5"

5'10'

6'3'

6'4'

6'5'

o os !-U-

XXO XXO XXO XO

XXX XXX XXX

A B 0 C 0 D 0

6'0'

6'"

6'1'

0 0

XO X-

0 0 -

0= Cleared.

X-

XO XXO XXO

Failed.

XXO

xxx

!:lE o

::l

'"0

c..

8 9

(d) If the tie still remains:

(i) If. it concerns the first place, the competitors tymg have o?e more jump at the height at whIch they faIled, and if no decision is reached, the bar shall be lowered or raised to the heights which shall be announced; they then. at.tempt. one jump at each height until tie IS deCIded. Competitors so tying must Jump on each occasion when deciding the tie. See also Rule 148 (6). (ii) If !t concerns any other place, the competitors shall be awarded the same place in the competition. 3.-In those field events where the result is determined dista!1ce, the second best performance of the competitors tymg shall decide the tie. If the tie still remains, the third best, and so on. NOTE.-It is recommended that in international two or more competitors tie, the rules matches: for deCIding tles should not apply, the points for the places concerned being shared.

3 I

= Did not jump.

A, B, C and D all cleared 1·92 metres (6 f1. 4 in.) and failed at 1·94 metres (6 ft. 5 in.). The rule regarding ties comes into operation, and as "0" cleared 1·92 metres (6 f1. 4 in.) at his second attempt, the others taking three, he is declared the wmner. The other three will tie and the Judges add up the total number of failures, up to and including the height last cleared, i.e., 1·92 metres (6 f1. 4 in.). "C" has more failures than "A" or "B", and is therefore awarded fourth place. "A" and "B" still tie and the Judges add up the total number of jumps up to and including the height last cleared, i.e., 1·92 metres (6 f1. 4 in.). "A" being awarded second place.

RULE 147 Protests 1.-.. concerning the status of an athlete to particIpate In a meeting must be made, prior to the of such meeting, to the Jury of Appeal, or, If no Jury has been appointed, to the Referee. If the !llatter cannot be settled satisfactorily prior to the meetmg, athlete shall be allowed to compete "under protest and the matter be referred to the Council of the LA.A.F. 2.-Protests relating to matters which during the carrying through of the programme should be made at once, and not later than within thirty minutes after the result been officially announced. The Organisers the meetmg shall be responsible for ensuring that the time of the announcement of all results is recorded. RULE 147

88 3.-Any protest shall in the first instance be made orally to the Referee by the athlete himself or by someone acting on his behalf. The Referee may decide on the protest or may refer the matter to the Jury. If the Referee makes a decision, there shall be a right of appeal to the Jury. An application to the Jury of Appeal must be in writing signed by a responsible official on behalf of the athlete and must be accompanied by a deposit of ÂŁ5.00 or its equivalent before the appeal is heard. The deposit will be forfeited if the protest is considered to be frivolous. RULE 148 World Records I.-When a World Record is to be claimed, the LA.A.F. Member in the country where the record performance was made shall proceed without delay to collect all the information required to establish the record. 2.-The official application form of the LA.A.F. shall be filled in and forwarded to the LA.A.F. office within six months. If the application concerns a foreign athlete, a duplicate of the form shall be sent to the National Association of the athlete in question. 3.-A World Record shall be accepted for consideration provided it is submitted by the Member where the record was made on the official LA.A.F. application form (See pages 158-161). 4.-The following conditions shall apply to all World Records: (a) The record has been approved by the National Association of the country where the record was made. (b) The record must be made out of doors, and must not have been made on a wooden surface. Running and walking records may be made only on a track which is not banked and will be recognised only if the track has a raised border as specified in Rule 161 (1) or in the case of a grass track only if it is marked and flagged in accordance with Rule 161 (1). RULE 148

89 Run.ning walking records must be timed by offiCial TImekeepers, as provided in Rule 119 by the National Association as such), whose watches must have been exhibited to the Chief Timekeeper for confirmation of the time recorded. Times recorded by approved fully automatic electrical timing devices (see Rule 119) may be accepted. (d) R.ecorCls in field events must be measured by three with certified steel or fibre-glass tape, FIeld graduated III centimetres, or by a scientific apparatus approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the country where the event is held. Measurements for World Records for field events must be made and submitted in metres to the nearest centimetre below, except that in the case of the discus, javelin and hammer throws, the distances shall be recorded in even 2 centimetre units to the nearest unit below (e.g. 62.44, 62.46, etc.). For information, these records will also be shown in feet and inches. (c)

(e) The be made in a bona fide scratch competitIOn whIch has been duly fixed and advertised before the day and is included in the printed programme of the meeting together with the names of the . entrants for the event , and has been sanctioned, recognized or certified by the LA.A.F. Member for the country in which the event is held. race must be stated over one distance only. It IS, therefore, not considered a bona fide scratch competiti.on if any of the athletes compete at a shorter dIstance than others in the same race. In deciding whether the competition was a bona fide one, the LA.A.F. will consider whether the claimant was unfairly assisted towards the time pacing from another competitor accomplished apparently deSIgned to assist him to achieve a record. is permissible for the same athlete to accomplish In the same race any number of records, but it is

not permissible for an athlete to be credited with a record at a shorter distance if he did not finish the race over the full distance for which the race had been fixed. In field events a handicap may be combined with the Scratch competition. (j) The Organisers of the competition shall refrain from stating or including in any advertisement, programme or written matter of any kind, any suggestion that any event will be an attempt upon a record. (g) For the 200 metres and 220 yards (including hurdles) there shall be two separate classes of records; those made on a straight course, and those on a course with bends. Records at these distances in races not started on a perimeter shall be classified as made on a straight made on tracks of more than 440 course. yards perimeter shall be classified as straight course records unless at least 100 metres-l 10 yardsis run around bends. For any record at any distance greater than 220 yards to be recognised, the track on which it was made must not exceed 440 yards in perimeter and the race must have started on some part of the perimeter. The limitation as regards perimeter does not apply to steeplechase events where the water jump is placed outside a normal 400 metres or 440 yards track. On any track with more than eight lanes, records made in any lane beyond the eighth shall in the 200 metres or 220 yards be classified as "Straight course" records, and at distances over 200 yards shall not be accepted. For walking records-the track must be an oval from 350 metres (minimum) to 500 metres (maximum) with two curves and two straights from 60 metres (minimum) to 120 metres (maximum). (h) Wind Measurement-For all records up to 220 yards, and for the long jump and triple jump,

information as to wind conditions must be available. If the component of the wind measured in the direction of running behind the competitor for the period set out below averages more than 2 metres (6ft 6in) per second, the record will not be accepted. The periods for which the wind component shall be measured are as follows from the flash of the pistol or approved apparatus: Secs. 100 yds. or 100 m ... 10 100 m hurdles 13 110 m or 120 yds. hurdles 15 } straight (inc. hurdles)

In 200 metres or 220 yards (including hurdles) run on a curve, the component shall be measured for a period of 10 seconds, commencing as the runners enter the straight. In the Long Jump and Triple Jump it shall be measured for a period of 5 seconds from the time a competitor passes a mark placed alongside the runway, in the case of the Long Jump 40 metres and in the case of the Triple Jump 35 metres, from the take-off board; or if the competitor runs less than .40 or 35 metres, as the case may be, from the tIme he commences his run. In each case the average wind speed during the prescribed period will be calculated. When the wind speed is taken into consideration the wind measuring instrument shall be set up half way down the straight and, for the jumps, 20 metres from the take-off board. The instrument shall be not more than 2 metres away from the track or runway and should be approximately 1.22 metres (4ft) high. (i) The must be better than or equal to the result III the latest World Record list in the event distance is in question. If a record at a better than the existing record for a shorter distance,

92 a claim may be submitted for records at both distances. (j) In a race run in lanes, no record will be accepted where the runner has run on or inside the inner curved border of his lane. (k) In the case of women's records. unless the athlete's l.A.A.F. register Rule name appears on 141 (4),) an applicatIOn must be accompamed by a medical certificate as to sex, drawn up by a qualified medical doctor recognised by the National Association of the athlete claiming the record. (l) A relay record may be made only by a team whose members are citizens of a single member country. Citizenship may be obtained in any of .the. ways referred to in Rule 12, (8). A colony WhICh IS not in separate membership of the LA.A.F. shall be deemed for the purpose of this rule to be part of its mother country. 5.-When a record is claimed for the Pentathlon or Decathlon the conditions imposed for recognising records in' individual events must have been complied with, save that a record will be recognised even though the wind assistance exceeded 2 metres per second as specified in paragraph 4 (h) above, provided it was not more than 4 metres per second. 6.-Records made in heats or qualifying competitions, in deciding ties, and in individual events in Pentathlon and Decathlon competitions will be accepted. 7.-The President and the Honorary Secretary of the LA.A.F. together are authorised to recognise World Records. If they are in any doubt whether or not the record should be accepted, the application shall be referred to the Council for decision. The LA.A.F. will inform the Member applying for a World Record of the acceptance of the record or will state the reason why the record was not accepted. 8.-The LA.A.F. office shall keep lists of World and Olympic Records. These lists shall be revised once a

93 year and a copy forwarded to each Member of the LA.A.F. 9.-Members of the LA.A.F. shall keep a list of the National Records in their own countries. Copies of these lists shall be forwarded to the LA.A.F. office in January each year. The official World Record plaques, as designed by the I.A.A.F. for presentation to World Record holders, will be supplied by the I.A.A .F. provided National Associations remit the cost. (2) Refer to Rule 381 as to events for which World Records are recoKnized. (3) It is recommended that National Associations adopt similar rules to the above for the recognition of their own records. RULE 149 Official Implements I.-In all international competitions the implements used must comply with the specifications for official implements set out in Rules 201-216. 2.-All such implements shall be provided by the organisers of the meeting. No competitor is allowed to use any other implements, with the exception of vaulting poles and starting blocks, in which case they may use their own, provided these comply with the conditions laid down in the rules. See also Rules 173 and 202 (Vaulting Pole) and Rules 162 (9) and 215 (Starting Blocks).

RULE 149

95 SECTION III RUNNING EVENTS RULE 161 Track and Lanes

I.-The running track should be not less than 7.32 bordered .on metres (24 ft.) in width and if possible the inside with cement, wood or other SUItable materIal, ,not more .than 5 5 centimetres (2 in.) in height, centimetres (2 in.) in width. Where it is not possible. for the inner edge of the running track to ha,,:e a .raised border the inner edge shall be marked with hnes 5 (2 in.) in width. Where it is a grass track it shall also be flagged at intervals of 5 metres (or 5 yards). Flags must be so placed on the line as tb prevent any competitor running on the line, and they shall be placed at an angle of 60 degrees with the ground away from the track. Flags approximately 25 centimetres (10 in.) by 20 centimetres (8 in.) in size mounted. on a staff 45 centimetres (18 in.) long are the most SUItable for the purpose. See Rule 148 para. 4(b) for track requirements for the recognition of World Records. 2.-The measurement shall be taken 30 centimetres (1 ft.) outward from the inner ?order of track or, where no border exists, 20 centimetres (8 m.) from the line marking the inside of the track. I ! I

measurement line for all lanes

(/=.)=01='=r=in=es=.W=h=;t=e I

<_1-_

Se.III.wlde

( of raCe -.-----_<o

- -- "'-r--

',,'

30 cm

......'0\., .....

kerb S c.m. wide

RULE 161

20cm

measurement line 10r inner lane

3.-In all races up to and including 440 yards, each competitor shall have a separate lane, with a minimum width of 1.22 metres--4 feet-and a maximum width of 1.25 metres--4 feet 1t inches-to be marked by lines 5 centimetres-2 inches-in width. The inner lane shall be measured as stated in paragraph 2 above, but the remaining lanes shall be measured 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the 'outer edges of the lines. NOTE.-The line on the right hand only of each lane shall be included in the measurement of the width of each lane. (See diagram.) 4.-The direction of running shall be left-hand inside. 5.-In international meetings the track should allow for at least six lanes. 6.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of tracks shall not exceed 1: 100 and the inclination in the running direction shall not exceed 1: 1000. NOTE.-It is recommended that where possible the length of the track should be not less than 400 metres or 440 yards and the width should allow for eight lanes, particularly in major events, such as the Olympic Games and Area Championships or Games. 800 metres (880 yards) event 7.-In Olympic Games and all Area or Group Games or Championships, the 800 metres (880 yards) event shall be run in lanes as far as the end of the second bend, the maximum number of available lanes being used. The starts shall be so staggered that the distance from start to finish shall be the same for each competitor. NOTE.-In international matches, the use of lanes will be by agreement between the competing countries.

97 SETTING OUT STARTS FOR 800 METRES (880 YARDS) WHERE THE FIRST Two CURVES ARE RUN IN LANES.

A-A

LIE

''.4t,1,1./Io. A'. /10. StAllS. IlSPEtlIf( IAIES tflll1lTIII4-A311 .. UI

Bl. B'. Bl Ill. B'.

PlIlITS IF IIOOOEIlEII fIlIM WES

. B' Ilollo Sale

As the runners are permitted to leave their respective lanes on entering the finishing straight on the first the starting positions must care for two factors..Fust, the normal echelon allowance which would be were the race to be of 400 metres (440 yards) startmg at the same point on the track; and secondly an adjustment to the starting point in each lape to compensate for the runners in the outer lanes havmg farther to go to the inside position on the end of the fimshlanes.. [allowing straight than t!t?se m the ing method of arnvmg at the startmg posItIon m each lane is recommended. (a)

Mark Bl in the inside lane at the point of entry into the finishing straight 30 centimetres (12 in.) from the inside kerb.

Fix point Y, which is the point in outer on a line drawn through Bl 20 centImetres,(8 m.) from the inner line of the lane and the same dIstance from the finish line AA as point Bl. (c) Fix point C, which is the point on .the path of the runner, namely 30 centimetres (12 m.) from the inside kerb on the finishing line AA. (b)

(d)

With radius C Bl describe an arc across the track Bl X. This line must be flagged at each end to indicate to the runners that they may leave their lanes at this stage. For lanes 2 to 6 this point can be determined by the intersection of Bl X and the path of the runner, which-is 20 centimetres (8 in.) from the line marking the inside of his lane.

The correct adjustment to the starting positions can now be determined in the following way. The normal starting position in each lane for a 400 metre (440 yards) race must be advanced by the distance the points of denouement from the lanes, viz: B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 are in advance of the line Bl Y. An indication of the distance by which the normal starting position in each lane must be advanced can be seen from the following calculations, where each lane is the standard width of 1.22 metres and the straight is 80 metres long: Lane 1 + zero. Lane 5 + 14.5 cm. , , 6 + 23.5 cm. " 2 + 1 cm. " 3 + 3.5 cm. , , 7 + 33.5 cm. " 4 + 8.4 cm. , , 8 + 44.5 cm. (e)

Relay Races (see also Rule 166 "Relay Races ') 8.-In 4 x 200 metres (or 4 x 220 yards) relay races, the first two stages, as well as that part of the third stage up to the exit from the first bend, will be run entirely in lanes. In 4 x 400 metres (or 4 x 440 yards) relay races, the first lap, as well as that part of the second lap up to the exit from the first bend, will be run entirely in lanes. The competitors are free to take over any position on the track at the entrance to the following straight, which shall be marked with a flag set on a post at least 1.50 metres (5 ft.) high on each side of the track and with a line 5 centimetres (2 in.) wide across the track. The distance from start to finish shall be measured in such a way that the ÂŤompeting teams

98 shall each run the same distance of 4 x 200 metres (4 x 220 yards) or 4 x 400 metres (4 x 440 yards). NOTE .-In the 4 x 400 metres or 4 x 440 where not more than three teams are competzng, It IS recommended that only the first bend of the first lap should be run in lanes. SETTIN G OUT START S AND CHAN GE OVER AREAS FOR 4 x 400 METRE S (4 x 440 YARDS ) RELAY WHERE ONE LAP PLUS ONE COMPL ETE CURVE IS RUN IN LANES _-_' llo

-"' -"_.. .

;Il:

_ .. _ " _ "

""'!In":

......

-"'_ ......

... en c

I.-Sin ce the first runne r in each team has to cover the full lap in lanes and the second runne r has to keep in his lane until entry to the back straight, the following metho d should be adopt ed to determine the echelon startin g positions for the first runne r in each team: Inside lane SI identical with Al. =A2 plus normal stagger S2 Lane 2 for 200 metres. =A3 plus norma l stagger S3 Lane 3 for 200 metres. A4 plus norma l stagger = S4" 4 Lane for 200 metres. NOTE .-The positions A2, A3, A4, etc. allow for the 400 metres stagger, plus the compensatory adjustments as set out in the Table shown in para. 7 (e). 2.-Th e central line of the first take-over zones can be determ ined by advancing the norma l startin g stagger in each lane for a 200 metre race by the distance the points of denou ement from the lanes, viz. B2 B3 W B5 B6 are in advance of the line Bl Y. The take-over zone will be within two lines set out 10 metres either side of this central line in each lane. 3.-Th e take-over zones for the second and last takeovers will- be the norma l 10 metre lines either side of the start/finish line AA. 4.-Th e arc across the track at the entry to the back straight, showing the positions at which the second stage runne rs are permi tted to leave their respective lanes, shall be identical to the arc at the entry to the finishing straig ht for the 800 metres event, and must be similarly flagged.

100

101

RULE 162 The Start and the Finish I.-The start and the finish of a race shall be denoted by a line 5 centimetres (2 in.) in width at right angles to the inner edge of the track. The distance of the race shall be measured from the edge of the starting line further from the finish, to the edge of the finish line nearer to the start. Two white posts shall denote the extremities of the finish line, and shall be placed at least 30 centimetres (l ft.) from the edge of the track. See Rule 216 "Finish Posts". CURVED START-METHOD OF SETIING OUT A6X is the Assembly line tangent from the position of the runner in the outside lane to the estimated path of the runner in the inside la ne " I (30cm from L inner edge of track)

6 lanes each 1Âˇ22m

A'X=A2X=A3X=A 4 X=A5X=A 6 X

2.-All races shall be started by the actual report of a pistol or any similar apparatus fired upwards into the air, but not before all the competitors are quite still on their marks. 3.-At all international meetings, the words of the Starter in his own tongue shall in races up to and including 440 yards be "On your marks", "Set", and when all Competitors are "Set", the pistol shall be fired. In races over 440 yards, the words shall be "On your marks" and when all competitors are steady, the pistol shall be fired. 4.-1f for any reason the Starter has to speak to any competitor after the competitors are on their marks, he shall order all competitors to stand up and the Starter's assistants shall place them on the assembly line again. RULE 162

A competitor must not touch either the start line or the ground in front of it with his hands or his feet when on his marks. 5.-0n the command "Set" all competitors shall at .and without delay assume their full and final set pOSItion. Failure to comply with this command after a reasonable time shall constitute a false start. 6.-1f a competitor leaves his marks with hand or foot after the words "On your marks" or "Set" as the case be, and before the pistol is fired, it shall be comsldered a false start.

7.-Any competitor making a false start must be warned. If a competitor is responsible for two false starts or three in the case of the Pentathlon or Decathlon he shall be disqualified. ' 8.-The Starter or any Recall Starter who is of the opinion that the start was not a fair one, shall recall the competitors by firing a pistol.

NOTE.-In practice, when one or more competitors a start, others are inclined to follow and, stnctly speakzng, any competitor who does so follow has a false start. The Starter should warn only such also or competitors who, in his opinion, were responslble for the false start. This may result in more than one competitor being warned. If the unfair start is not due to any competitor, no warning shall be given. . 9 which comply with the specifications laId down III Rule 215 may be used. Where they are used, both feet must be in contact with the ground when the competitor is in the 'set position'. In the Games aJ?-d Area and Group Games or ChampIOnshIps, competitors may use only starting blocks approved by the organisers of the meeting. In all other competitions, except those held on all-weather tracks, competitors may use their own blocks. On all-weather tracks, the organisers may insist that only starting blocks provided by them may be used.

102

103

1O.-Unless in the opinion of the Referee it is undesirable because of the direction and the velocity of the wind, worsted shall be stretched across the track between the finish posts 1.22 metres (4 ft.) above the ground and fastened to the posts for the purpose of assisting the Referee and Judges in placing the competitors. It shall be immediately above the edge of the finish line which is nearer to the start. See Rule 216 "Finish Posts". 1I.-The competitors shall be placed in the order in which any part of their bodies (i.e. "torso" as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the nearer edge of the finish line as defined above. NOTE.-A photo-finish camera should be used wherever possible; when it is used, it must be referred to before a final decision is arrived at. (See also Rule 119, para. 6.) 12.-In any race decided on the basis of the distance covered in a fixed period of time, the Starter shall fire the pistol exactly one minute before the end of the race to warn competitors and judges that the race is nearing its end. At exactly the appropriate time after the start, the Starter shall signal the end of the race by again firing the pistol. All the Timekeepers shall immediately stop their watches. The Starter shall be directed by the Chief Timekeeper. At the moment the pistol is fired to signal the expiration of the time, the Judges appointed for that purpose shall mark the exact spot where each competitor touched the track for the last time before or simultaneously with the firing of the pistol. The distance achieved shall be measured to the nearest metre or yard behind the rear edge of the last footprint of the competitor. One Judge at least must be assigned to each competitor before the start of the race for the purpose of marking the distance.achieved. (NoTE.-Refer also to Rule 120 and 121 for the duties ofthe Starter, Recall Starters and Starter's Assistants.)

RULE 163

Hurdle Races I.-The following are the standard distances: MEN 120, 220, 440 yards 110, 200, 400 metres

WOMEN 100, 400 metres

2.-MEN. There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out in accordance with the following table: Distance of race

metres 110 200 400 Yards 120 220 440

Height of Hurdle

metres 1.067 0.762 0.914 ft. Ill. 3ft. 6in. 2ft. 6in. 3ft. Oin.

Distance from scratch line to first hurdle

Distance between hurdles

metres 9.14 18.29 35

metres 14.02 17.10 40

Yards 15 20 49.25

Yards 10 20 38.25

Yards 15 20 46.5

WOMEN. There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out as follows: Distance of race

Height of Hurdle

metres 100 400

metres 0.840 0.762

RULE 163

------- - - -

Distance from Jast hurdle to finish line

metres 13.72 18.29 45

Distance from scratch line to first h urdJe

Distance between hurdle

Distance from last hurdle to finish line

metres 13 45

metres 8.5 35

metres 10.5 40

See also Rule 213 for cOllstruction of hurdles.

. - -

104 3.-All races shall be run in lanes and each competitor shall keep to his own lane throughout. 4.-A competitor who trails his f?ot .or leg any hurdle or jumps any hurdle not III hIS own lane or III the opinion of the Referee deliberately knocks down any hurdle by hand or foot shall be disqualified. 5.-Except as provided in paragraph 4 of this rule, the knocking down of hurdles shall not disqualify nor prevent a record being made. 6.-ln establishing a World Record a complete set of hurdles of the international type must have been used. (Refer to Rule 213.)

RULE 164 Steeplechase I.-The standard distances shall be: 2000 metres and 3000 metres. 11 2.-There shall be 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps and 18 hurdle jumps included in the 3000 metres and 5 water jumps in the 2000 metres event. 3.-For both races the water jump shall be the fourth jump in each lap. If necessary the finish line shall be moved to another part of the track. It is recommended that in the 2000 metres, the water jump be the second jump of the first lap, and thereafter the fourth jump. NOTE.-Owing to the water jump having to be constructed on the arena inside or outside the track, thereby lessening or lengthening the normal distance of the laps, it is not possible to lay down any rule specifying the exact length of the laps nor to state precisely the position of the water jump. It should be borne in mind that there must be enough distance from the starting line to the first hurdle to prevent the competitors from overcrowding, and there should be approximately 68 metres from the last hurdle to the finish line.

105 EXAMPLE: The following measurements are given as a guide and any adjustments necessary should be made by lengthening or shortening the distance at the starting point of the race. It is assumed that a lap of 400 metres has been shortened 0:" lengthened by 10 metres by constructing the water jump inside or outside the track. Lap of 390 metres Distance from start to beginning of 1st lap. to be run without jumps... ... ... ... 270 metres Distance from beginning of 1st lap to 1st hurdle ... IQ m From 1st to 2nd hurdle 78 m From 2nd to 3rd hurdle 78 m From 3rd hurdle to water jump 78 m From water jump to 4th hurdle 78 m From 4th hurdle to finishing line ... ... ... '" 68 m

Lap of 410 metres 130 metres 10 m

82 82 82 82

m m

72m

7 laps of 390 m =2730 metres

7Iaps---of 410 m =2870 metres

3000 metres

4.-The distance from the start to the beginning of the first lap shall not include any jumps, the hurdles being removed until the competitors have entered the first lap. 5.-The hurdles shall be not less than 91.1 centimetres nor more than 91.7 centimetres high (3 ft. 0 in.) and shall be at least 3.96 metres (13 f1.) in width. The section of the top bar of the hurdles, and the hurdle at the water jump, shall be 127 millimetres (5 in.) square. The weight of each hurdle shall be between 80 kilogrammes (176t lb.) and 100 kilogrammes (220t lb.) Each hurdle shall have on either side a base between 120 centimetres (3 ft. 11.24 in.) and 140 centimetres (4 ft. 7.12 in.). (See Diagram). I.

cm. 396

cm.

12.7. 12.7

107

106

The hurdle shall be placed on the track so that 30 centimetres (1 ft.) of the top bar, measured from the inside edge of the track, will be inside the field. 6.-The water jump, including the hurdle, shall be 3.66 metres (12 ft.) in length and width. The water shall be 70 centimetres (2 ft. 3-!- in.) in depth in front of the hurdle and slope to the level of the ground at the further end. The hurdle at the water jump shall be firmly fixed in front of the water and be of the same height as the others in the competition. To ensure safe landing of the competitors, the bottom of the water jump shall be covered at !he further end with suitable material, at least 366 cm. WIde and 250 cm. long.

-Âˇ-rÂˇ

91-1-

91-7CM

FIXED HURDLE

LEV 70CM

___

OUTLET TO DRAIN

366CM

--366CM

WATER JUMP

7.-Each competitor must go over or through the water, and anyone who steps to the one side or the other of the jump or trails his foot or leg alongside any hurdle shall be disqualified. He may jump or vault over each hurdle, or place a foot on each hurdle and on the hurdle at the water jump.

RULE 165 Marathon Race (42 195 metres-26 miles 385 yards) I.-The Marathon race shall be run on made-up roads; when traffic or similar circumstances make it unsuitable, the course, duly marked, may be on a bicycle path or footpath alongside the road, but not on soft ground such as grass verges or the like. The start and finish may be within an athletic arena. NOTE.-See Rule 145 (4) re measurement of course. 2.-No entry for the Marathon Race shall be accepted unless it is accompanied by a certificate signed by a qualified doctor within 30 days of the race, certifying that the competitor is fit to take part in the race. 3.-A competitor must retire at once from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff officially appointed. 4.-The distance in kilometres and miles on the route shall be displayed to all competitors. 5.-Refreshments shall be provided by the organisersÂˇ of the race at approximately 11 kilometres or 7 miles and thereafter at approximately every 5 kilometres or 3 miles. In addition, the organisers shall provide sponging points where water only shall be supplied, midway between two refreshment stations. No refreshment may be carried or taken by a competitor other than that provided or approved by the organisers. A competitor RULE 165

108 may submit to the organisers the type of refreshment desired, and this, if approved, must then be handed in to the organisers at a time and place specified by them. It shall be available at the stations nominated by the competitor. The refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or so that they may be put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the refreshment points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification. See also Rule 142 (11). 6.-The organisers of the Marathon Race must take care to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of Olympic Games and Area or Group Championships or Games Marathon Races, the organisers must, where possible, give an assurance that the roads to be used for the competition will be closed in both directions i.e. not open to motorised traffic. RULE 166 Relay Races I.-Lines shall be drawn across the track to mark the distances of the stages and to denote the scratch line. 2.-Lines also shall be drawn 10 metres (11 yards) before and after the scratch line to denote the take-over zone, within which lines the baton must be passed. These lines are to be included in the zonal measurements. In races up to 4 x 220 yards (4 x 200 metres) members of a team other than the first runner may commence running not more than 10 metres (11 yards) outside the take-over zone. A distinctive mark shall be made in each lane to denote this extended limit. In all relay races the baton must be passed within the take-over zone. The passing of the baton is completed at the moment it.is in the hand of the receiving runner only. Within the take-over zone, it is only the position of the baton which is decisive, and not the position of the body or limbs of the competitors. When a relay race is being run in lanes, a competitor may make a check-mark on the track within his own lane, e.g. by scratching with his shoe, but may not place RULE 166

109 marking objects on or alongside the track. Where the track is of a material which will not permit scratching with a shoe, some material supplied by the organisers may be used, at the discretion of the judge. 3.-The baton must be carried in the hand throughout the race. If dropped, it must be recovered by the athlete who dropped it. 4.-The position of the teams at the start of the race shall be drawn, and shall be retained at each take over zone, except that waiting runners can move to the inside position on the track as incoming team-mates arrive provided this can be done without fouling. ' 5.-In events where the first part of the race is run in lanes, competitors, after completing this part, are free to take up any position on the track. 6.-Competitors after handing over the baton should remain in their lanes or zones until the course is clear to avoid obstruction to other competitors. Should any competitor wilfully impede a member of another team by running out of position or lane at the finish of the stage, he is liable to cause the disqualification of his own team. 7.-Assistance by pushing-off or by any other method will cause disqualification. 8.-0nce a team has competed in the preliminary rounds of an event, the composition of the team must not be altered for any subsequent round or final. With approval of the Referee, however, this may be permItted in the case of an injury or illness certified by the official medical officer appointed for the Meeting to be such as to make it unwise for the competitor to run. It is permissible for the order of running to be changed between heats and succeeding rounds or final. No competitor may run two sections for a team. RULE 167 Team Races I.-In team races the maximum number of starters comprising a team and the number of competitors whose positions are to count shall be state? in the programme. RULE 167

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2.-Stations shall be drawn and the members of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the race. 3.-If necessary, preliminary rounds may be held. 4.-The composition of a team must not be changed after a heat has been run. With the approval of the Referee however it may be permitted in the case of an injury or illness certified by the official medical officer appointed for the Meeting to be such as to make it unwise for the competitor to run. Only competitors finishing the full distance are eligible to compete in the final. 5.-The method of scoring shall be optional and may be anyone of the following: (a) By scoring the least number of points, according to the positions in which the scoring members of a team finish. The positions of the non-scoring members of a team shall be scored in computing the scores of other teams, but when a team fails to finish the requisite number to score, it shall be eliminated; or (b) By scoring the least number of points according to the positions in which the scoring members of a team finish. The positions of the non-scoring members of a team, whether it finishes all its members or not, shall be scored in computing the scores of other teams; or (c) By scoring the least number of points according to the positions in which the scoring members of a team finish. The finishing positions of the nonscoring members of a team, and the members of a team which fails to finish the requisite number to score, shall be eliminated; or (d) By scoring the lowest aggregate of the times recorded by the scoring members. 6.-If two or mote competitors tie for any place the points for the places concerned shall be aggregated and divided equally among the competitors so tying. 7.-In case of a tie on points, the team whose last scoring member finished nearest to first place shall be the winning team.

RULE 168 Cross-Country Races

General:Owing to the extremely varying circumstances in which cross-country running is practised throughout the world, especially in regard to different seasons, climatic dista?ces, it impossible to lay down any ngld legislation for mternatIOnal standardisation of this sport. The following rules, however, are intended as a guide and to assist countries to develop crosscountry runllIng both as a sport in itself and as a training adjunct to track and field events. Except where stated, the rules should also apply to women's events. I.-Season. The cross-country season should normally extend throughout the winter months after the close of the track and field season. 2.-The Course. For championship and international events: (a) The race shall be run over a course confined as far as possible, to open country, fields, commons and grassland. A limited amount of ploughed land may be included. If the course passes through woodland without any clearly defined path or track, it must be clearly marked for the runners. The traversing of road of any description should be limited to the minimum. (b) The course for championship events must be clearly marked, preferably with red flags on the left and white flags on the right, all of which must be visible from a distance of 125 metres (140 yards). In all other respects, the appropriate rules governing track competitions shall be followed. (c) When laying out the course, very high obstacles should be avoided, so should deep ditches, dangerous ascents or descents, thick undergrowth and, in general, any obstacle which would constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition. RULE 168

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It is preferable that artificial obstacles should not be used, but if the scope of the promotion renders them unavoidable, they should be made to simulate natural obstacles met with in open country. In cases where there is a large number of competitors, narrow gaps or other hindrances which would deny to the competitors an unhampered run must be avoided for the first 1500 metres (1640 yards). (d) The course must be measured and the distance declared at the time invitations are extended. The opportunity should also be taken to include a brief description of the course. (e) The responsibility for providing a proper course and its marking by flags, details of which should appear in the programme, rests with the promoting body, who should appoint clerks of the course, umpires and pointsmen at intricate parts of the course to direct competitors and see that they keep to the proper course.

NOTE.-For events other than international competitions, the foregoing regulations governing the course may be modified according to local circu'mstances. 3.-Age Qualification. It is recommended that competitors be placed in age categories: The following categories are those in force for the annual LA.A.F. Cross Country Competitions. (i) Seniors-l 8 years and over on the day of the race; (ii) Women-17 years and over on the day of the race; (iii) Juniors (Men)-Not to reach 20 years of age during the year of the race. NOTE.-In arranging details for a race, the age limits ruling should be defined.. 4.-Distances. (a) For Seniors the distance should not be less than 7 kilometres, nor more than 14 kilometres; For Juniors not less than 5 kilometres, nor more than 10 kilometres;

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For Women not less than 2 kilometres nor more than 5 kilometres. ' (b) In International races, the Senior race should be approximately 12 kilometres (7t miles) the Junior race approximately 8 kilometres (5 miles) and the W.omen's race approximately 4 kilometres (2t mites). NOTE.-Federations are advised to increase month by mon.th the competition distances for the various categorzes. 5.-Teams and Reserves. The regulations for Teams, Reserves and number of runners. .to score will differ from competition to The Cross Country CompetltlOn rulmg on thIS subject, however, which may be adopted as a standard guide, is as follows:"For the Senior race, teams of not more than 12 competitors can be entered. Not more than nine of shall be allowed to start in the race, of which six wIll score. For the Women's and Junior races teams of not more than eight competitors can entered. Not more than six shall be allowed to start in the race of which four will score." Except in. international races, it may be possible to accept entnes from individuals. In the same way members of depleted teams, who on the day are to field the necessary scoring number, could also be . allowed to compete as individuals. 6.-T.he Start. The race shall be started by the firing of a PistOl. The standard commands for distance events shall be used. In races which include a large number of competitors a five-minute warning before the start of the should be given, with additional warnings if required. 7 in cross-country events is allowed to assistance or refreshment from any person dunng the progress of the race.

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8.-Scoring 'd (a) At the conclusion of a race the shall e the respective places of the sconng competitors of each competing team, add these together and the team having the lowest aggregate shall be declared the winners. .. (b) In assessing the aggregate, the posItIons of any .runners. !!lay be and accordsubsequent fimshmg pOSItionS ingly, but with large fields thIS IS not recommended. (c) In the event of a tie it shall be resolved in fayour of the team whose last scoring member fimshes nearer the first place. 9.-0fficials. The officials are to be necessary for internatIOnal events, orgamsers are at liberty to vary these where local CIrcumstances require. . Referee TImekeeper Judge Timekeeper's recorder Judge's stewards Chief Funnel Judge Starter Funnel Controller Competitors' stewards FunneIJudge and recorder Clerk of the course Umpires and Pointsmen DISC dIstnbutors Press steward Disc area stewards Prize steward Result recorder(s) NOTE.-I.A.A .F. International Cross Country Competition:-For the organisation of the above competztlOns held annually, to which all I.A.A.ÂŁ. Members are invited, separate technical rules have been. approved by the Cross Country Committee and publzshed by the I.A.A.ÂŁ. Bureau.

SECTION IV JUMPING EVENTS HIGH JUMP; POLE V AUL T ; LONG JUMP; TRIPLE JUMP

RULE 171 General Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lots. See also Rule 143 (7). 2.-In all jumping events the length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway in each case shall be as follows: 15 metres (49 feet) High Jump Long Jump) .. Triple Jump 40 metres (131 feet) Pole Vault .. , NOTE: Where conditions permit the runways should not be shorter than the following: High Jump 18 metres (59 feet) Long Jump) . Triple Jump . 45 metres (147feet) Pole Vault .. , 3.-ln all jumping events, each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps subject to conditions relating to ties. See Rule 146 "Ties". 4.-The employment of weights or grips of any kind is forbidden. 5.-The take-off ground about the jump must be level. If portable mats are used, all references in the Rules to the level of the track or the take-off ground must be construed as referring to the level of the top surface of the mat. 6.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runways for jumping events shall not exceed 1: 100 and in the running direction 1: 1000. 7.-Marks-In the high jump a competitor may place marks (supplied by the Organising Committee) to assist him in his run-up and take-off and a small handkerchief or similar object on the cross bar for sighting purposes. RULE 171

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In the pole vault, long jump and triple jump, t;l0 marks shall be placed on the runway, but ?ompetItor. may place marks (supplied by the Orgamslllg ComI:!uttee) alongside the runway. No marks shall be placed III any pit or landing area. High Jump and Pole Vault .. . 8.-Before the commencement of competitIOns III jumping for height, the Jl;ldges announce. to the and the dIfferent competitors the heights to which the bar wIll be raIsed at the end of each round.

9.-A competitor may commence at any height above the minimum height and .may Jump at hIS own discretion at any subsequent consecutive failures, regardless of the heIght at of such failures occur, disqualify from further Jumplllg. NOTE.-The effect of this rule is that a may forgo his second or third jumps or at a pa,:tlcular height (after failing first or second tlme) and stdl Jump at a subsequent height.

1O.-Even after all the other competitors failed, a competitor is entitled to continue jumping untIl he has compete . forfeited his right be decIded The heights to WhICh the bar IS raised after consulting the wishes of the competitor. II.-Any measurement of a new shall be made before competitors attempt such heIght. In all cases of records the Judges must check the measurements after the height has been cleared. NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before starting the competition, that the underside and of the cross-bar are distinguishable, and that the bar lS always replaced with the same surface uppermost and the same surface to the front.

12 -In the Pole Vault, the use of tape on the hands or shall not be allowed except in the case of the need to cover an open wound.

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Long Jump and Triple Jump B.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the eight competitors with the best jumps shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. NOTE.-Tying means, in this connection, clearing the same distance, and Rule 146 (3) should not therefore be applied. RULE 172 High Jump I.-The competitor must take-off from one foot. 2.-Knocking the bar off the supports, or touching the ground including the landing area beyond the plane of the uprights with any part of the body without clearing the bar shall count as a failure. 3.-The uprights or posts shall not be moved during the competition unless the Referee considers the take-off or landing area has become unsuitable. In such a case the change shall be made only after a round has been completed. See also Rule 201 "Jumping and Vaulting Standards". RULE 173 Pole Vault I.-Any competitor may have the uprights moved in either direction but they may not be moved more than 60 centimetres (2 ft.) from the prolongation of the inside edge of the top of the stopboard. If the uprights are moved, the Judges should make a re-measurement to ensure that there is no variation in the height. See also Rule 145 for measurements. 2.-The take-off for the pole vault shall be from a box made of wood, metal or some other suitable material which shall be sunk level with the ground. RULES 172-17]

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3.-A competitor fails if he: (a) knocks the bar off the supports; or (b) leaves the ground for the purpose of making a vault and fails to clear the bar; or (c) after leaving the ground places his lower hand above the upper one or moves the upper hand higher on the pole; or (d) before taking off touches, with any part of his body or with the pole, the ground including the landing area beyond the vertical plane of the upper part of the stopboard. 4.-If in making an attempt the competitor's pole is broken, it shall not be counted as a failure. 5.-No one shall be allowed to touch the pole unless it is falling away from the bar or uprights. If it is touched, however, and the Referee is of the opinion that, but for the intervention, the bar would have been knocked off, the vault shall be recorded as a failure. 6.-Competitors may use their own poles. No competitor shall be allowed to use any of the private poles except with the consent of the owner. See also Rules 201 and 202. . 7.-Competitors are permitted to use an adhesive substance such as resin or a similar substance on their hands only, in order to obtain a better grip. The use of a forearm cover to prevent injuries shall be allowed. See also Rules 201 and 202-Vaulting standards, box and pole. RULE 174 Long Jump

I.-The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level with the runway and the surface of the landing area. The edge of the board which is nearer to the landing area shall be called the take-off line. If a competitor takes off before reaching the board, it shall not for that reason be counted as a failure. Immediately beyond the take-off line there shall be placed a board of RULE 174

plasticine or other suitable material for recording .the athlete's footprint when he has foot-faulted. 203 "Take-off Board". If It .IS not possible to install the above apparatus the followmg method should be adopted: immediately in front of .the take-off li!1e and across all the length of it oVt:r a of 10 centImetres (4 in.) the ground shall be spnnkled WIth soft earth or sand, placed level (horizontal) with the take-off board. 2.-The distance between the take-off board and the end of the landing area shall be at least 10 metres (32 ft. 10 ins.). 3.-The take-off board shall be not less than 1 metre (3 ft. 3 in.) from the edge of the landing area. 4.-The landing area shall have a minimum width of 2 metres 75 centimetres (9 ft.). . .order ensure the correct measuring of any Jump, It IS essentIal that the surface of the sand in the landing area should be accurately controlled so as to be level with the top of the An approved apparatus for thIS purpose IS descnbed in Rule 175. 6.-All jumps shall be measured from the nearest in the landing area made by any part of the body C?r lImbs to the take-off line and at right angles to such hne. Failures 7.-It shall be counted as a failure if any competitor (a) touches the ground beyond the take-off line so as to leave a .visible imp!ession on the plasticine, (or other SUItable matenal, soft earth or sand) with p.art of body, whether running up without , Jumpmg or m the act of jumping; (b) takes off from either side of the board whether beyond or behind the take-off line (c) in the course of landing, touches the outside the landing area nearer to the take-off than the nearest break in the landing area made by the jump;

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120 (d) after a completed jump, walks back through the

. landing area. NOTE.-The employment of any form of somersaulting I1 is not permitted. RULE 175 Triple Jump I.-The take-off shall be marked by a board level with the runway and the surface of the landmg area, and placed at least 13 .metres (42 ft.) from landing area, the edge of whIch nearer to the area shall be called the take-off line. If a competitor takes off before reaching the board, it shall not for that reason be counted as a failure. See Rule 203 "Take-off Board". . 2.-The hop shall be made so that the c,?mpetltor lands first upon the same foot as that from whIch he has taken off; in the step he shal.1 land; on the other foot, from which subsequently the Jump IS I?erformed. 3.-If the competitor whIle Jumpmg the ground with the "sleeping" leg it shall be consIdered as a failure. 4.-In all other respects the rules for the Long Jump shall apply. (Rule 174.)

CONTROL OF SAND LEVEl. IN LONe AND TRIPLE JUMP

TOP OF sloe WAll

SCRAPER &OARD

RULE 175

TAKE OFF BOARD

SECTION V THROWING EVENTS HAMMER, SHOT, DISCUS AND JAVELIN

RULE 181 General Rules I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. See also Rule 143 (7). 2.-Where there are more than eight competitors, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the eight competitors with the best performances shall be allowed three additional trials. In the event of a tie for eighth place, any competitor so tying shall be allowed the three additional trials. Where there are eight competitors or fewer, each competitor shall be allowed six trials. At the competition ground, each competitor may, if possible, have two practice trials but no more. These should be made in order of the draw, and competitors called by name under the supervision of the judges. See also Rule 142 (2). 3.-In all throwing events from a circle, a competitor must commence the throw from a stationary position. See also Rule 209 "Circles n. 4.-In all throwing events from a circle, a competitor is allowed to touch the inside of the iron band or stop board. It shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and begun to make a throw, touches with any part of his body the ground outside the circle, the top of the iron band, stop-board or circle or improperly releases the shot, discus or hammer in making any attempt. Provided that in the course of a trial the foregoing rules, and additionally Rule 185 (4) in the case of throwing the hammer, have not been infringed, a competitor may interrupt a trial once started, lay his implement down, return to a stationary position and begin a fresh trial, provided that there shall not be more than one such interruption in each trial. RULE 181

122 5.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground, and he shall then, from a standing position, leave the circle from the rear half, which shall be indicated by a chalk line drawn through the centre and extended outside the circle, not less than 75 centimetres (30 in.) on each side. A competitor in the javelin throw shall not leave the delivery area until the javelin has touched the ground, and he shall then, from a standing position, leave the delivery area from behind the arc and the lines drawn from the extremes of the arc at right angles to the parallel lines which define the runway. In throwing the javelin, a foul throw or improperly releasing the implement in making an attempt shall be recorded as a trial, but shall not count. 6.-ln the case of the shot, hammer and discus, for a valid trial, the implement must fall so that the point of impact is within the inner edges of lines marking a sector of 45Â° set out on the ground so that the radii lines cross at the centre of the circle. The ends of the lines marking all sectors should be marked with sector flags. Refer also to Rule 211 "Sectors". 7.-The measurement of each throw shall be made from the nearest mark made by the fall of the discus, shot, or head of the hammer or javelin to the inside of the circumference of the circle, or the arc in the case of the javelin, along a line from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle (shot, discus, hammer) or the centre of the circle of which the arc is a part Gavelin). 8.-ln the javelin, discus and hammer competitions, a distinctive flag or marker shall be provided to mark the best throw of each competitor, and this shall be placed along a line or tape outside the sector lines. A distinctive flag or disc shall also be provided to mark the existing World Record and when appropriate the existing national record in each throwing event.

123 and Area or Group Games or only Implements provided by the Orgamsers may be used, and no modification can be during the competition. No competitor made to to take any implement into the arena. shall be meetmgs between two or more Members competitors may use their own implements, provided these as approved by the Organisers are checked and before .the competition and made available to all competitors. 10 (a).-No device of any kind-e.g. the taping of two or fingers together-which in any way assists a competitor when making a throw, shall be allowed. !he use of tape on the hand shall not be allowed except m the case of the need to cover an open cut or wound. wrist .will be allowed only upon The use. of tape on production of a certificate gIven by the official doctor for the meeting. (b) The use of gloves is not allowed except for ' hammer throwing. See Rule 185 (2). (c) In to obtain a grip, competitors in the Throwmg Events are permItted to use an adhesive substance such as resin or a similar substance on their hands only. II.-A competitor may not spray or spread any substance in the circle. 1 all throwing events, implements must be carned back to the starting line or circle and never thrown back. 13.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of for throwing events shall be 1: 100 and the mclInatIOn m the running direction shall not exceed 1:1000, and that of the throwing field 1: 1000. RULE 182 Javelin Throwing

I.-The length of the runway shall be not more than metres (120 ft.) but not less than 30 metres (98 ft. 6 m.) and shall be marked by two parallel lines 5 centiRULE 182

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metres (2 in.) in width and 4 metres (13 ft. 1.5 in.) apart. The throw shall be made from behind an arc of a circle drawn with a radius of 8 metres (26 ft. 3 in.); such arc shall consist of a strip made of paint, wood or metal 7 centimetres (2.75 in.) in width, painted white and shall be flush with the ground. Lines shall be drawn from the extremities of the arc at right angles to the parallel lines marking the runway. These lines shall be 1.50 metres (5 ft.) in length and 7 centimetres (2.75 in.) in width.

35.0m I I

I I I

I I

, _ . - - - 25.0m

E <:I

.....

<:I

E <:)

.... o

JAVELIN E

.=...

including Sector measure men Is

A Or.S./Re.

4,Om

NOTE.-It is recommended that the runway should be not less than 33.5 metres (110 ft.) 2.-The javelin must be held at the grip. 3.-No throw shall be valid in which the tip of the metal head does not strike the ground before any other part of the javelin, or when the competitor touches, with any part of his body or limbs, the strip or the lines drawn from the extremities thereof at right angles to the parallel lines or the ground beyond those lines or the strip. The competitor may cross either of the parallel lines. At no time after preparing to throw, until the javelin has been discharged into the air, may the competitor turn completely around, so that his back is towards the throwing arc. The javelin shall be thrown over the shoulder or upper part of the throwing arm and must not be slung nor hurled. NOTE.-Non-orthodox styles are not permitted. 4.-All throws to be valid must fall within the inner edge oflines marking the sector set out on the ground by extending for a distance of 90 metres (295 ft. 3 in.), the lines from the centre (A) of the circle, of which the arc is a part, through the points (B) and (C) at which the arc joins the lines marking the runway. The ends of the radii lines should be marked with sector flags. NOTE.-Sectors may be denoted at intermediate distances. e.g. 30 m., 50 m., 70 m.

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5.-No mark shall be placed on. the runway, but competitors may place m3;rks-supphed by the Organising Committee-at the sIde .. 6.-If the javelin breaks whIle ill the aIr, It. shall not count as a trial, provided the throw was made ill accordance with the rules. See Rule 204 "Javelin" for implement. RULE 183 Throwing the Discus

I.-The discus shall be thrown from a CIrcle 2.50 metres (8 ft. 2.5 in.) in diameter. (For implement and discils cage refer to Rule 205 and Rule 208.) RULE 184 Putting the Shot

I.-The put shall be made .from a circle .2.135 metres

(7 ft.) in diameter. At the mIddle of the cIrcumference

in the front half of the circle a stop board shall be placed firmly fastened to the &round.. The putting area of cmders or grass or some suitable matenal on whIch the shot makes an imprint. ...h 2.-The shot shall be put from the shoulder WIt one hand only. At the time the competitor takes a stance the shot shall touch or be in the ring to commence a shall be in close proximity to the chm and the dropped below this position during the action of puttmg. The shot must not be brought behind the line of the shoulders. . 3.-All measurements shall be made immediately after each put. (For implement refer to Rule 206. For circle and stop-board, refer to Rule 209 and 210.) RULE 185 Throwing the Hammer

I.-All throws shall be made from a CIrcle 2.135 metres (7 ft.) in diameter. 2.-When throwing the hammer, gloves for the protection of the hands are permitted. The gloves must .be smooth on the back and the front and the finger-tips RULES 183-185

must be exposed, i.e. the tops of the fingers of the gloves must not be closed. 3.-The competitor in his starting position prior to the preliminary swings or turns is allowed to put the head of the hammer on the ground inside or outside the circle. 4.-It shall not be considered a foul throw if the head of the hammer touches the ground when the competitor makes the preliminary swings or turns; but if, after having so touched the ground, he stops throwing so as to begin the throw again, this shall count as a trial throw. (For implement refer to Rule 207. For cage and circle refer to Rules 208 and 209.) 5.-If the hammer breaks during a throw or while in the air, it shall not count as a throw provided it was made in accordance with the rules. If the competitor thereby loses his equilibrium and commits a foul, it shall not count against him.

SECTION VI

RULE 191 Walking

I.-Walking is progression by steps so taken that unbroken contact with the ground is maintained. At each step, the advancing foot of the walker must make contact with the ground before the rear foot leaves the ground. During the period of each step in which a foot is on the ground, the leg must be straightened (i.e. not bent at the knee) at least for one moment, and in particular, the supporting leg must be straight in the vertically upright position. 2.-Judging and Disqualifications. The appointed Judges of walking shall elect a Chief Judge. All the Judges shall act in an individual capacity. When, in the opinion of RULE 191

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(a) two of the Judges, one being the Chief Judge or (b) three Judges other than th.e Judge. . wIth a competitor's mode of progressIOn falls to the definition during any part of the competItIOn, he shall be disqualified and informed of his disqualification by the Chief Judge. In a competition either directly controlled by the LA.A.F. or taking place under permit, in no circumstances shall two Judges of the same nationality have the power to disqualify. 3.-Effect may be given to .any such immediately after the conclUSIOn of the competItIOn, If circumstances render impracticable an earlier notice to the competitor of his disqualification. 4.-A competitor may be cautioned when by his mo.de of progression he is in danger of ce3;sing to wIth the definition of contact; but he IS not entItled to a second caution. The decision to caution a competitor shall be made under the same procedure as for disqualification set out in paragraph 2. 5.-In track races a competitor who is disqualified must immediately leave the track, and in road races the after his disdisqualified competitor must qualification, remove the dIstmgUIshmg number or numbers which he is wearing. NOTE.-It is recommended that a system of signalling "caution" by white flag and "disqualification" by redflag be used as far as possible during a walking race for the information of the officials, competitors and spectators. 6.-In all international races of more than 20 kilometres (or 12 miles), refreshments shall be provided by the organisers, and refreshment stations shall be arranged at 10 kilometres or 6 miles, and thereafter at every 5 kilometres or 3 miles. No refreshment may be carried or taken by any competitor other than that provided or agreed by the organisers. A cOJ?petitor submit to them the type of refreshment deSIred and thIS, if approved, must then be handed in to the Organise,rs at a time and place specified by them. It shall be avaIlable at the stations nominated by the competitor. The

129

refreshments shall be placed in such a manner that they are easily accessible for the competitors or so that they may be put into the hands of the competitors. A competitor taking refreshments at a place other than the refreshment points appointed by the organisers renders himself liable to disqualification. may, at their discretion and to prevent dIstress to cOl?petitors, supply additional spongmg pomts after 20 kilometres or 12 miles where water only shall be supplied. The

7.-No entry for a race of 50 km. or 30 miles or over shall be accepted unless it is accompanied hy a certificate signed by a qualified doctor within 30 days of the race, certifying that the competitor is fit to take part in that race. 8.-In the Olympic Games and in all major events the 50 kilometres walk shall be so arranged as to ensure that first walker home finishes approximately at sunset m order that he may enjoy the best climatic conditions. 9.-.F the Olympic Games and Area Championships, the CIrcUIt for the 20 kilometre event should be a maximum of 3000 metres with a minimum of approximately 1500 metres. lO.-The organisers of events held on roads must take care to ensure the safety of competitors. In the case of Olympic Games and Area or Group Games or Championships Walking races, the organisers must where possible give an assurance that the roads to be used for the competitions will be closed in both directions; i.e. not open to motorised traffic. NOTE.-A booklet "Guidance for Walking Judges", produced by the I.A.A.F. Walking Committee with the aim of bringing about a better understanding of the sport of race walking, is available from the I.A.A.F. Bureau-see publications list.

130

131

RULE 192 International Walki ng Competition for the "Luga no" Trophy This compe tition will be condu cted by a Sub-C ommittee appoi nted by the Walki ng Comm ittee of the I.A.A .F. in accord ance with Rules appro ved by Congress.

SECT ION VII COM BINE D COM PETIT IONS RULE 195 Pentat hlon and Decathlon MEN I.-Th e Penta thlon consis ts of five events which shall be held in the following order: long jump; throwing the javelin; 200 metre s; throw ing the discus; and 1500 metres. 2.-Th e Decat hlon consists of ten events which shall be held on two conse cutive days in the following order: First day -100 metre s; long jump; puttin g the shot; high jump and 400 metres. Second day- l 10 metre s hurdle s; throwing the discus; pole vault; throw ing the javelin; and 1500 metres. WOM EN 3.-Th e Penta thlon for wome n consists of five events which shall be held either on one day or on two consecutive days in the following order: First day 00 metre s hurdle s; puttin g the shot; high Jump. Second day-l ong jump; 200 metres. GENE RAL 4.-A t the discre tion of the Referee, there shall be, whenever possible, an of at least 30 minutes between the time one event ends and the next event begins, for any indivi dual athlete. 5.-Th e order of compe ting shall be drawn before each separa te event. In the 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres, 100 metres hurdles and 110 metres hurdle s events, the compe titors RULE S 192,195 ------

----

-----

shall be drawn by lot in group s by the Referee, so that prefer ably three or more compe titors, and never less than two, are in each group . In the 200 metres in the Penta thlon, one group should consist of those competito rs occupying the leadin g positi ons at the end of four events. In the 1500 metres in the Decat hlon each group should comprise five or more compe titors, one group Âˇconsisting of the leading compe titors at the end of the 9th event. The Referee shall have power to rearra nge any group if in his opinio n it is desirable. I.A:A .F. rules for each event consti tuting the compe titIon wIll apply with the following exceptions: (a) In the long jlfmp and each of the throw ing events, each compe titor shall be allowed three trials only. (b) Each compe titor's time shall be timed by 3 timekeepers independently. If for any reason only two times, and these two disagree, the longer tIme of the two shall be adopt ed as official. Alternatively times may be recorded by an appro ved electrical timekeeping device. (c) In the runnin g trials and the hurdle s, a compe titor shall be disqualified in any event in which he has made three false starts. 7.-Th e scores separately and combi ned should be annou nced to the compe titors after the compl etion of each event. In the 100 metres and 110 metres Hurdl es (Decathlon) and 100 metres Hurdl es and 200 metres (Wom en's Penta thlon) , times shall be given to l/lOOth of a second electrical is in opera tion, and scored by usmg the appro pnate I.A.A .F. Scorin g Tables to l/lOOth second. 8.-T he winner shall be the compe titor who has obtain ed the highest numb er of points in the five or ten events, as the case may be, award ed on the basis of the I.A.A .F. Scoring Table. 9.-In the event of a tie, the winne r shall be the comp etitor who has received the higher points in a major ity of events. If this does not resolve the tie, the

132 winner shall be the competitor who has the highest number of points in any of the events. This procedure shall apply to ties for any place in the competition. 10.-Any athlete failing to start or make a trial in one of the five events of the Pentathlon or in one of the ten events of the Decathlon shall not be allowed to take part in the following event but shall be considered to have abandoned the competition. He shall not therefore figure in the final classification.

SECTIO N VIII SPECIFICATIONS FOR OFFICIAL IMPLEMENTS AND APPARATUS All measurements of technical equipment are expressed in metric terms, the equivalent shown in feet and inches etc., being approximate and for information only. RULE 201 Jumping and Vaulting Standards i.-General (a) Uprights. Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid. (b) Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be of wood, metal or other suitable material, triangular or circular in section. So as to avoid dangerously sharp edges, a triangular bar may be so formed that the edges are slightly rounded and it may be deemed to satisfy the requirement as to measurement if it passes with only a small tolerance through a triangular cut-out of the specified dimensions. Each side of the triangular bar shall measure 30 millimetres (1 i in.) and the diameter of the circular bar at least 25 millimetres (1 in.) but not more than 30 millimetres (1 i The ends of the circular bar shall be constructed in such a way that a flat surface of 30 x 150 millimetres (1 in. x 6 in.) is obtained for the purpose of placing the RULE 201

133 bar on the sUI!ports. 0!1 the uprights. (Optionally the cross-bar may be splIt In the middle and joined with a metal clip about 300 mm (1 ft.) long.) 2.-High Jump (a) Uprights. The uprights should be sufficiently tall so as to exceed the maximum height to which the crossbar can raised by at least 10 centimetres (4 in.). The dIstance between the uprights shall be not less than 3.66 metres (12 ft.) nor more than 4.02 metres (13 ft. 2t in.). . (b) Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be between 3.64 (11 ft. .11 t in.) and 4 metres (13 ft. It in.). The maXImum weIght of the cross-bar shall be 2 kilogrammes (4 lb. 6t oz.). (c) Supports for cross-bar. The support for the crossshall be flat. a.nd rectangular, 40 millimetres (I tin.) WIde and 60 millImetres (2t in.) long. They shall each face the opposite upright and the ends of the cross-bar shall rest on them in such a manner that if it is touched by a competitor it will easily fall to the ground, either forwards or backwards. (d) There shall be a space of at least 10 millimetres (t in.) between the ends of the cross-bar and the uprights. (e) The landing area should measure not less than 5 .metres (16 ft. 4 in.) long by 4 metres (13 ft 1tin.) WIde.

CROSS BAR AND CROSS BAR SUPPORT

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IOOMM MINIMUM

c:IL,.H.... HIGH JUMP

TRIANGULAR CROSS BAR

30MM

'J ,

30MM

PLATFORM I

CORNERS 'ROUNDED OFF

134

135

3.-Pole Vault (a) Uprights. Except where extension arms are used the distance between the uprights shall be not less than 3.66 metres (12 ft.) or more than 4.32 metres (14 ft. 2 in.) wide.

(b) Cross-bar. The cross-bar shall be between 3.86 metres (12 ft. 8 in.) and 4.52 metres (14 ft. 10 in.) in length. The maximum weight for the cross-bar shall be 2.26 kg (5 lb.).

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(d) The landing area should measure not less than 5 x 5 metres (16 ft. 4 in.).

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NOTE.-To lessen the chance of injury of a competitor by his falling on the feet of the uprights, as an alternative to the above, the pegs supporting the cross-bar may be placed upon extension arms permanently attached to the uprights, thus allowing the uprights to be placed wider apart, without increasing the length of the cross-bar. (See diagram).

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(c) Supports for cross-bar. Pegs shall be used to support the cross-bar and shall be without notches or indentations of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than 13 millimetres (1 in.) diameter. They must not extend more than 75 millimetres (3 in.) from the uprights, and the cross-bar shall rest on them so that if it is touched by a competitor or his pole, it will fall easily to the ground in the direction of the landing area.

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(e) Box. This shall be constructed of either wood, metal or some other suitable rigid material, and shall be 1 metre (3 ft. 3!- in.) in length, measured along the inside of the bottom of the box, 600 millimetres (1 ft. lli in.) in width at the front end and tapering to 150 millimetres (6 in.) in width at the bottom ofthe The length of the box at ground level and the depth of the stopboard will depend upon the angle formed between the base and stopboard which shall be 105 The base of the box shall slope from ground level at the front end to a vertical distance below ground level of 200 millimetres (7i in.) at the point where it meets the stopboard. The 0.

---------------

----

137

136 box should be constructed in such a manner that the sides slope outwards and end qext to the stopboard at an angle of approximately 120 . If the box is constructed of wood, the bottom shall be lined with 2.5 millimetres (0.1 in.) sheet metal for a distance of 800 millimetres (2 ft. 7-!- in.) from the front of the box.

POLE VAULT BOX

RULE 202 Vaulting Pole The pole may be of any material or combination of materials and of any length or diameter, but the basic surface of the metal, where metal is used, must be smooth. The pole may have a binding only of not more than two layers of adhesive tape of uniform thickness. This restriction does not however apply to binding the bottom end of the pole with protective layers of tape for a distance of about 30 centimetres (1 ft), to reduce the risk of damaging the pole when striking the back of the box. RULE 203 Take-off Board LONG JUMP AND TRIPLE JUMP

I.-Construction. The take-off board shall be made of wood or some other suitable rigid material and shall measure 1.22 metres (4 f1.) long, 200 millimetres (8 in.) wide and 100 millimetres (4 in.) deep. It shall be painted white. See also Rule 174 (1).

E (,)

TAKE-OFF BOARD

Sheet Metal

Stop _Bo_a_r_d_ _----'

cm. 108 Ground I eve I

+ Sheet metal

'. Shelf

2.-Plasticine Indicator Board. On the side nearer to the landing area should be fixed a horizontal shelf 1.22 metres (4 ft.) long; 100 millimetres (4 in.) . RULES 202-203

138

139

wide; the top of which should be 38 millimetres (l tin.) below the surface of the take-off board. This shelf should have a ledge, along the edge next to the landing area, of 38 millimetres (1.5 in.) high and 25 millimetres (l in.) wide, thus forming a recess 38 millimetres (1.5 in.) deep, 1.22 metres (4 ft.) long, and 100 millimetres (4 in.) wide, immediately beyond the takeoff board. On this shelf is placed a board, 25 millimetres (I in.) thick as required, with a layer of plasticine or other suitable material 13 millimetres (0.5 in.) thick placed level (horizontal) with the take-off board. The layer of plasticine can be smoothed off by means of a roller or suitably shaped scraper for the purpose of removing the footprints of the competitors. NOTE.-It will be found very helpful to have a spare plasticine board available, so that while the footprint is being eliminated the competitors are not delayed.

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RULE 204 Javelin

I.-Construction. The javelin shall consist of three parts: a metal head, a shaft, and a cord grip. The shaft may be constructed of either wood or metal and it shall have fixed to it a metal head which should weigh 80 grammes terminating in a sharp point. 2. -The cord shall be about the centre of gravity without thongs, notches or indentations of any kind on the shaft, and shall not exceed the circumference of the shaft by more than 25 millimetres (l The binding shall be of uniform thickness. 3. -The cross-section shall be regularly circular throughout and the maximum diameter thereof shall be under the grip. From the grip the javelin shall taper gradually to the tip of the metal head and the rear tip. The line from the end of the grip to the tip of the metal head may be straight or slightly curved, but the curve must be gradual and there must be no abrupt alteration in the diameter of the section throughout the length of the javelin.

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141

140 RULE 205

4. -It shall conform to the following specifications.

Discus

Men

Javelin

Women

600gr. 800gr. (1 lb. 12.22 oz.) (l lb. 5.160z.)

Weight inclusive of cord grip

Min.

Overall length

Min. 260cm (8' 6!/I) 220cm (1' 2t") Max. 270cm (8' 10r') 230cm (1' 6t")

Length of metal head

Min. 25cm (9f') Max. 33cm (l3/1)

I.-Construction. The body of the discus shall be made of \\:'ood or other suitable material with metal plates set flush into the sides and shall have in the exact of the circle framed by the metal a means of secunng the correct weight. 2.-lt shall conform to the following specifications:

25cm (9.t") 33cm (13/1)

Men

Discus

Women

Distance from Min. 90cm (2' II t") tip of metal Max. 110cm (3' 7i/l) head to centre of gravity

SOcm (2' 71") 95cm (3' If')

Weight

Min.

Diameter of Min. 25mm (1/1) Max. 30mm (1 shaft at thickest point

20mm (t/l) 25mm (1/1)

Outer diameter of metal rim

Min. 219mm (Si") Max. 221mm (Sf')

lSOmm Ok") 182mm (7i")

Thickness at centre

Min. 44mm Of') Max. 46mm (If')

37mm Of') 39mm (li")

Width of cord grip

Min. l5cm (6") Max. 16cm (6y)

14cm (5t") 15cm (6")

5.-The javelin shall have no mobile parts or oth.er apparatus which during throw change Its centre of gravity or throwmg characterIstICs. 6.-The tapering of the shaft from the diameter to the tip oj'the metal head or to the rear tIp shall be such that the diameter at the midpoint between the end of the cord grip and either tip shall not exceed 90 per cent of the maximum diameter ,of the shaft, and that at a point 15 centimetres (6 tI1.) from either tip per cent of the maximum diameter. (Scc diagralll.)

Thickness Min. of Rim (6mm from edge)

2kg (4 lb. 6.55 oz.)

12mm (1")

lkg (2 lb. 3.27 oz.)

12mm (t")

. The edge of the metal rim shall be rounded in a true CIrcle. 3.-Each side of the discus shall be identical and shall be without or sharp edges. The SIdes shall taper In a straIght hne from the beginRULE 205

142

143

ning of the curve of the rim to a circle a of 25 millimetres (l in.) from the centre of the dISCUS. The thickness at 25 millimetres (l in.) from the centre of the discus shall be exactly the same as at the centre. r=mm.6

DISCUS

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RULE 207 Hammer

Construction I.-Head. The head shall be of solid iron or other metal not softer than brass, or a shell of such metal filled with lead or other solid material. It must be pletely spherical in shape. If a filling is used, this must be inserted in such a manner that it is immovable and that the centre of gravity shall be not more than 6 millimetres (0.25 in.) from the centre of the sphere. 2.-Handle. The handle shall be of single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not less than (q.118 in.) or No. 11 Standard Wire Gauge 3 (0.116 Ill.) III diameter, and shall be such that it cannot stretch appreciably while the hammer is being thrown. The handle may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. For example of approved hammer handle see diagram.

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RULE 206

Shot

I.-Construction. The shot shall be of solid iron, brass or any metal not softer than brass, 0T a shell of such metal filled with lead or other matenal. It must be spherical in shape and the surface must be smooth. 2.-It shall conform to the following specifications: Men

Shot Weight Minimum Diameter Minimum Maximum l-.

Women

J I

mm.110

7.26 kg (16 Ib)

4 kg (8 lb. 130z)

110 mm (4f') 130 mm (Sf')

95 mm (3f') 110 mm (4f')

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RULE 207

145

144 3.-Grip. The grip may be either of single or double loop construction, but must be rigid and without hingeing joints of any kind, and so made that it cannot stretch appreciably while being thrown. It must be attached to the handle in such a manner that it cannot be turned within the loop of the handle to increase the overall length of the hammer. 4.-Connection. The handle shall be connected to the head by means of a swivel which may be either plain or ball bearing. The grip shall be connected to the handle by means of a loop. A swivel may not be used. 5.-The hammer shall conform to the following specifications: Weight complete as thrown Minimum 7.26 Kg (16 lb.) Length of Hammer measured from inside of grip Minimum 117.5 cm (3'-I0i") Maximum 121.5 cm (3'-1 If') Diameter of head 102 mm (4") Minimum Maximum 120 mm (4f') Centre of gravity of head Not more than 6 mm (0.25") from the centre of the sphere. e.g.-It must be possible to balance the head, less handle and grip, on a horizontal sharp-edged circular orifice 12 mm (0.5") in diameter (see diagram).

RULE 208 Hammer or Discus Throwing Cage

I.-All hammer and discus throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators ' officials, and competitors. 2.-Th:e cage should be C-shaped in plan, the diameter bemg 7 metres (22 ft. 11 t in.) with the opening which the throw is made 6 metres (19 f1. 8t in.) WIde. The height should not be less thanÂˇ 3.35 metres (11 f1.) but preferably should be at least 4 metres (13 ft.). 3.-Cages made to the following specifications are in use and have been found satisfactory. Framework.-A wire cable, or a series of metal struts is suspended at a height of not less than 3. 35 (11 f1.) preferably 4 metres (13 ft. It in.) above the ground m the shape of a letter C. The radius of the C is 3.5 met.res (1.1 f1. 6 in.) with the open end 6 metres (19 f1. 8.1 m.) The cable, or series of struts, is sup": ported. m a honzontal plane by eight metal supports, made m the shape of gallows, so that the C shape is by seven straight panels, each 2.74 metres (9 ft.) WIde. Netting.-A net 19.2 metres (63 ft.) long and 0.3 metres (1 ft.) wider than the height of the struts, made of cord 12.5 millimetres (0.5 in.) in circumference with 50 millimetres (2 in.) meshes, is suspended from the wire cable or series of metal struts. The lower edge of the net resting on the ground turns inwards towards the centre of the C, and to it are attached at regular intervals sandbags each weighing approximately 13.5 kilogrammes (30 lb.) Erection.-The eight metal supports are set into the ground either with spikes or permanent sockets. The should be sunk to a depth of approximately 30 centImetres (1 ft.) and provided with covers for use when the supports are removed. The supports and suspended nets are kept in position by wire ropes attached to ground spikes. RULE 208

147

146 RULE 209

SUGGESTED CONSTRUCTION FOR HAMMER OR DISCUS CAGE

Circles

I.-Construction. Circles shall be made of band iron, steel or other suitable material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside. The earth or clay in the circles sh.all be packed hard, firm and level and 2 centimetres (0.75 in.) (tolerance 6 millimetres (0.25 in.) plus or minus) lower than the outside of the circle. The interior of the circle for shot putting, discus throwing and hammer throwing may be constructed of concrete or a similar material. 2.-Measurements. The circle shall measure: Discus throwing .. , 2.50 metres (8' 2-!-") inside diameter. Hammer throwing and Shot putting 2.135 metres (7 ft.) inside diameter. The rim of the circle shall be at least 6 millimetres (0.25 in.) in thickness and 76 millimetres (3 in.) in height sunk flush with the ground outside. 3.-The rim of the circle shall be painted white.

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RULE 210

Stop Board (Putting the Shot) I.-Construction. The board shall be made of wood or some other suitable material in the shape of an arc so that the inner edge coincides with the inner edge of the circle, also so made that it can be firmly fixed to the ground. RULE 209,210 - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- - - - - - -

-------

149

148

2.-Measurements. The board shall measure 1.22 metres (4 ft.) long on the inside, 114 millimetres (4.5 in.) wide and 100 millimetres (4 in.) high in relation to the level of the inside of the circle and 80 millimetres (3-1 in.) in relation to the level of the ground outside the circle. 3.-Finish. The board shall be painted white.

45Â°

RULE 211 Sectors for Throws from Circles and Arcs

The sector within which all throws must fall, shall be clearly marked on the ground with lines 5 centimetres (2 in.) wide, the inner edges of which shall form the li.nes, the radii lines crossing at the centre of the CIrcle. The outer ends of the radii lines should be marked with sector flags. RULE 212 Sector Flag

I.-Construction. The sector flag should be entirely of metal. 2.-Measurements. The flag should be rectangular in shape, measuring about 20 x 40 centimetres (8 x 16 in.) not less than 60 centimetres (or 2 ft.) in length, WIth the standard 8 millimetres (ft in.) in diameter above the ground.

RULE 213 Hurdles

I Circle

lever -

-tGround level

mm20

mm.76

I.-Construction. The hurdles shall be made of metal or some other suitable material with the top bar of wood or other suitable material. They shall consist of two bases and two uprights supporting a rectangular frame, reinforced by one or more cross-bars the uprights to be fixed at the extreme end of each 'base. The hurdle shall be of such a design that a force at least equal to the weight of 3.6 kilogrammes (8 lb.) applied to the centre of the top edge of the crossbar is required to overturn it. The hurdle may be adjustable in height for each event. The counterweights must be adjustable so that a.t each height a force at least equal to the weight of 3.6 kIlogrammes (8 lb.) and not more than 4 kilogrammes (8 lb. 13 oz.) is required, to overturn it. RULES 211-213

150 2.-Measurements. The standard heights of the hurdles shall be: Women 84.0 centimetres (2 ft. 9 in.) 100 metres 76.2 centimetres (2 ft. 6 in.) 400 metres Men 110 metres, 120 yards 1.067 metres (3 ft. 6 in.) 200 metres, 220 yards 76.2 centimetres (2 ft. 6 in.) 400 metres, 440 yards 91.4 centimetres (3 ft. 0 in.) The extreme width shall be 1.20 metres (3 ft. 11 in.) The extreme length of the base shall be 70 cm (2 ft. 3-!- in.). The total weight of the hurdles shall be not less than 10 kilogrammes (22 lb. 0.75 oz.).

151

EXAMPLE OF APPROVED HURDLE

01 Om H.)

mm. 1200 250

NOTE.-In each case there shall be a tolerance allowance of 3 millimetres (0.125 in.) above and below the standard heights, to allow for variation in the manufacture.

Also see Rule 163. 3.-The width of the top bar shall be 70 millimetres (2.75 in.). The thickness of this bar should be between 10 and 25 millimetres. The bar should be firmly fixed at the extremities. 4.-Finish. The top bar should be striped in black and white in such a manner that the white stripes appear at the end of each hurdle and that they shall be at least 225 millimetres (9 in.) in width. The hurdle shall be so placed on the track that the feet of the hurdles shall be on the side of the approach by the competitor. 5.-Testing. To check the resisting force of hurdles a simple spring-balance should be used by the application of a pulling force to the centre of the cross-bar. Alternatively use a cord with a hook, applied to the centre of the cross-bar, take the cord along over a pulley fixed conveniently and load the other end of the cord with weights.

mm. ZOO

mm.600

--t

152 153 RULE 214 Relay Baton Construction. The baton shall be a smooth hollow tube circular in section, made of wood or metal or. of any other rigid material in one the length of whIch shall be not more than' 30 centImetres (1 ft.) and not less than 28 centimetres (11 in.). The circumference shall be 120 millimetres (4.75 in.) and it shall not weigh less than 50 grammes 0:1- oz.). NOTE .-The baton should be coloured so as to be easily visible during the race.

RULE 215 Starting Blocks I.-The purpose of starting blocks is to expedite the carrying through of programmes and to protect the tracks. 2.-They must be constructed entirely of rigid materials. 3.-They may be but must be made without springs or other deVIces whereby the athlete can obtain any artificial assistance. 4.-They should be .s? made as to be and quickly placed into posItIon and removed WIthout any damage to the track. 5.-They may be used only in races not 440 yards and in relay races only by those competmg over the first stage provided that stage does not exceed 440 yards. See also Rule 162 (9). RULE 216 Finish Posts The finish posts shall be of rigid constru.ction of 1.37 metres (4 ft. 6 in.) in height, 8 centImetres (3 m.) in width and 2 centimetres (0.75 in.) in thickness. RULES 214-5

DIVISION IV

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS RULE 301 World Championships shall be held at such times as Congress decides.

RULE 302 Events The World Championships shall comprise the following events: Men.-100 metres; 200 metres; 400 metres; 800 metres; 1,500 metres; 5,000 metres; 10,000 metres; 110 metres Hurdles; 400 metres Hurdles; 3,000 metres Steeplechase; 20 Km Walk; 50 Km Walk; 4 x 100 metres Relay; 4 x 400 metres Relay; Marathon; High Jump; Long Jump; Triple Jump; Pole Vault; Shot; Discus; Hammer; Javelin; Decathlon. (24 events) Women.-100 metres; 200 metres; 400 metres; 800 metres; 1,500 metres; 100 metres Hurdles; 4 x 100 metres Relay; 4 x 400 metres Relay; High Jump; Long Jump; Shot; Discus; Javelin; Pentathlon. (14 events)

RULE 303 Entries Individual Events Every country is entitled to enter one competitor for each event regardless of standard attained, but if second or third competitors are entered, all must have achieved the listed qualifying standards. Not more than three competitors may be entered for any individual event.

154

155

Each country may enter up to three participants in the Marathon Race and in the 20 Km. Walk, and the 50 Km. Walk. Minimum standards are not required for these events. No substitute competitors may be entered in the individual events. Team Events Every country may enter one team for each relay race; minimum standards do not apply. relay. From Six competitors may be entered for these six and from any other competitors already entered for any event in the Championships, four competitors to start must be nominated on the day specified for the declaration of runners. Time Limits Time limits for national entries, individual entries run!1ers shall be by name, and final published in the Athletics Regulations Issued by the Organising Committee. RULE 304 Entry Standards

The LA.A.F. Council shall publish, at least 12 months before the Championships, the performances which must have been achieved during the previous 12 months by any athlete entered. No entry will be accepted unless the performance laid down by. LA.A..F. has been accomplished under the condItions reqUIred for the recognition of National Records. RULE 305 Qualification Trials

(i) Where in any of the throwing or jumping the number of entries exceeds 18, a qualIfyIng round shall be held prior to the competition proper. (ii) No athlete shall participate in the competition proper unless he has reached the standard pre-

.by the Council in the qualifying round; but If In any event less than 12 competitors reach the qualifying standard, then the first 12 athletes and athlete tying for the 12th place shall take the competition proper. (iii) Ip each qualIfYIng round, each competitor shall be allmyed three trials, but the performances accomplI.shed shall not be considered part of the competItIOn proper. Once a competitor has reached the qualifying standard he shall not make any more trials. RULE 306 Requirements

World Championships shall be held in a stadium provided with an all-weather track with eight lanes. . Fully. automatic electrical timing and photo-finish must be provided by the Organising and shall be used for the competitions. StartIng must be fitted with approved falsestart detectIOn apparatus for the assistance of starters. Electronic measuring equipment must be used for the Hammer, Discus and Javelin Throws. tests shall be carried out according to the of the LA.A.F. anti-doping regulations currently In force. Sex control examinations shall be performed in compliance with the LA.A.F. Rules and procedures for participants in Women's events. The Organisers shall not provide for use any impleme:r;tts of a type which have not been generally implements avaIlable f?r at least. one year. A list of to be pro.vIded, statIng make and type, shall be issued one year In advance. Similarly, competitors providing their own vaulting competitions may not use new types poles in of J?oles have become generally available only the penod of one year preceding the competitions.

156

RULE 307 Technical Delegates Two Technical Delegates shall be appointed by the Council for each World Championships. The Technical Delegates shall work in collaboration with the Organising Committee and: (i) are responsible for ensuring that all the technical arrangements and the conduct of the competitions are in complete conformity with the Rules of the LA.A.F.; (ii) shall submit to the Council proposals for the timetable of events; (iii) shall keep the Council informed with reports whenever deemed necessary concermng decisions reached in conjunction with the Organising Commirtee on the arrangements for the Championships; (iv) shall check entries and arrange heats and qualifying rounds and all subsequent rounds. RULE 308 Jury of Appeal The Jury shall be appointed by the Council of the LA.A.F. RULE 309 Referees, Judges and other Officials The Council of the LA.A.F. is responsible for the appointment of all Judges, Referees and other Technical Officials, for which proposals shall be submitted by the National Federation of the country where the World Championships are being held.

157

DIVISION V RULE 381 EVENTS FOR WHICH WORLD RECORDS ARE RECOGNISED Note: The Rome Congress decided that for m.etnc events up to 400 metres, separate lists WIll be kept of: Electrically Timed performances (KT.) Fully Hand Timed performances (H.T.) MEN KT. and H.T. lOOm, 200m, 400m, llOm Hurdles, 200m Hurdles, 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay 800m, 1000m, l500m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m, 10 OOOm 20 OOOm, 1 Hour, 25000m, 30000m, 3000m Steeplechase. Relays: 4 x 200m, 4 x 400m, 4 x 800m, 4x l500m. Walking: 20Km, Two Hours 30Km 50Km. " Imperial Distances: .100 yds, 220 yds, 440 yds, 880 yds, 1 MIle, 2 Miles, 3 Miles, 6 Miles 10 Miles, 15 Miles, 120 yds Hurdles, 220 yds Hurdles, 440 yds Hurdles, 4 x 110 yds, 4x 220 . yds, 4::< 440 yds, 4 x 880 yds, . 4 x 1 MIle, 20 MIles Walk, 30 Miles Walk. Jumps: HIgh Jump, Po.le Vault, Long Jump, Triple Jump. Throws: Shot Putt, DISCUS, Hammer, Javelin. Decathlon WOMEN . KT. and H.T. 60m, lOOm, 200m, 400m, lOOm Hurdles, 400m Hurdles, 4 x lOOm Relay. 800m, l500m, 3000m. Relays: 4 x 200m, 4 x 400m 4 x 800m Imperial Distances: .100 yds, 220 yds, 440 yds, 880 yds, 1 MIle, 4 x 110 yds, 4 x 220 yds, 4 x 440 . yds, 4 x 880 yds. Jumps: HIgh Jump, Long Jump. Throws: Shot Putt, Discus, Javelin. Pentathlon

158

159

International Amateur Athletic Federation FOUNDED IN 1912 President: THE MARQUESS OF EXETER Honorary Secretary:-Treasurer: F. W. HOLDER

Application for a World Record - Track Event. To: THE HONORARY SECRETARY OF THE tA.A. F.,

162 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, LONDON SWl5 2SL.

APPLICATION IS HEREBY MADE FOR A WORLD RECORD, IN SUPPORT OF WHICH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS SUBMITTED:- (please type or use block capitols) 1. Event••••••••..••.•••.••.•..•••••••.••••••••...•••..••..•..•.•...•••••.•• Men/Women

•

TIMEKEEPERS' CERTIFICATES - HAND TIMING.

9. I, the undersigned official timekeeper of the event mentioned on this form, do hereby certify that the time set opposite my signature was the exact time recorded by my watch and that the watch used by me has been certified and approved by my National Association. Time.........

Signature••.••••••••••••.••• Address ••••••••••••••••••••..••••••••••••

Time.. ••. •.••

Signature ••••••••••••••.•••• Address ••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••

Time.,.......

Signature •.••..••••••.••...• Address •.••.•••••.••..••.••.••••••••••••• • CHIEF TIMEKEEPER •

10. I confirm that the above Timekeepers exhibited their watches to meand that the times were as stoted ••..•••.••.•••••...••..•..•••..••••• (Signature of Chief Timekeeper or Referee)

2. Record claimed (time)•••••••..•..•••• '" ••••••...••••••• '" •••••...••••••••••.•.•••••• 3. Full name of competitor••••••••••••••••..•.•...•••••••••••.••.•.•.•••••.•.•••••.••••••

"i-;,;

fuil'

;eam members

• ELECTRICAL TIMING. 11 • A fully outomatic electrical timing device was used. The time recorded was.... . .• ..• ..• .

and this was the official time.

Signature of Operatar..... ••• •.. .•. ..••• •.

Signature of Chief Timekeeper ••.••••••••••••.

(A Print of the Photo-Finish must be enclosed).

4. Competitor's Country (and Club where awopriate) .•••....•.•.•••.•••.•...•.••..•.••.•.. ' 5. Dote and time .••••••••....•••••••..••••.•..•• , ••••..•.•••.••.••••••.•••••••••••••••• 6. Where held (Ground, Town, Country)••••.•••.•..•.•••••••••••••••.....•••••••.•..••••.• •

Address •.••.••••..•..•••.•••.••.•••••••••• •..•.••••••..••..•.•••.•••• ' ...•••••••••••

GUARANTEE BY REFEREE •

• WIND GAUGE. 12. VelOCity and direction of wind •..•.••••..•..• Operator's Signature •..•••..•••.••••.••••••• • TRACK MEASURERS' CERTIFICATE. 13. We hereby certify that we measured with an approved tope the course Over which this event was

7. I hereby certify:-

held.

The exact distonce was:-

That all the information recorded in this form is accurate;

•••••... metres •••••.•• centimetres OR •••••.• miles ••••••. yds •• '" •• ft••••••. ins.

That all the appropriate I.A.A.F. Rules af competition were complied with.

The length of one lap was ••••• metres •••••. ems OR •..•.• yds •••••••• ft .•• , •••• ins. The maximum allowance for loteral inclination did not exceedl: 100 and in the running direction 1:1000.

Name of Referee (BLOCK CAPiTALS)•.•.•••.•.•••••.•....•..•••••.•.•...•••...•...•••••. Address •..••.•..•....•.•....•..•..••••••...••.••••••••..••..••••.•.••••..•• • .. •••••• • Signature of Referee •.•.•••••.•.•••.•••••.•..••.••.•...••••••••••..• •

(Signature of Measurer)

Dote •••.•••••••• (Signature of Measurer)

RECOMMENDATION BY I.A.A.F. MEMBER COUNTRY •

. (Qualificotion)

(Address)

................ (Qualification) •

8. The undersigned I. A. A. F. Member hereby certifies that it is satisfied with the accuracy af the within mentioned stotements, confirms that the officials conducting the competition were duly

(Address)

RESULT OF RACE.

14. The names of the first three competitors and their times were as follows:-

qualified, and recommends this application for acceptance:

1st

President. • • • . • • • • • . . • . • • . . • • • • . • • • • • . .

2nd •••••••..••••.••••••••.••••••.•.•.•••••.•....•

..................................

3rd

Secretory .••••••.••••...••••.••..••••

Name of I.A.A.F. Member.............................. ••••••.•.••.

•

I.A.A.F.

Date ••••••••••••

APPROVAL •

Honorary Secretory of the I. A. A. F.

President of the tA.A.F. Dote ••......••...

PLEASE ENCLOSE WITH THIS APPLICATION: a Programme of the Meeting and, for a Women's event, a certificate of sex, unless ihe aihlete has an I.A.A.F. Certificate (Rule 141). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DESIRED FOR HISTORICAL PURPOSES: Slate of weather Intermediote Times Type of track or runway Press cuttings if available Condition of track or runwoy A Photo of the athlete.

161

160 • FIELD JUDGES' CERTIFICATE.

International Amateur Athletic Federation

9. We hereby certify that the measurement stated opposite our respective signatures is exact as measured in accordance with I. A. A. F. Rule 145 - "Measurements and Weights".

FOUNDED IN 1912

We also certify that the implements used and circle or runway complied with IMF specifications

President: THE MARQUESS OF EXETER Honorary Secretal'y-Treosurer: F. W. HOLDER

Application for a World Record - Field Event 162 Upper Richmond Rood, Putney, LONDON SW152Sl.

To: THE HONORARY SECRETARY OF THE I.A.A.F.,

.. ....

. (Address)

............................

(Signature of Field Judge)

(Address)

• SURVEYORS' pR MEASURERS' CERTIFICATE FOR FIELD EVENTS •

10. We hereby certify thot the lateral inclination of the runway did not exceed 1:100 and in the running direction 1 :1000. We also certify that the ground where the implement landed was not lower than the runwoy or circle or that the level of the Long Jump or Triple Jump landing area was not lower than the

3. Full name of competitor.. •. •• • • • • • . • • •• •• • • • • . • . • • • .• • ••. ............................. • :::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::

take-ofF board.

5. Date and time••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6. Where held (Ground, Town, Country)••.••.••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

.... .... .. . .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .. .. .

.. . . ..

7. I hereby certi fy:-

(Signature of Measurer)

That all the information recorded in this form is occurate;

(Qualification)

(Signa ture of Measurer)

... .... .. . .. ....... ..... .... .. .

• GUARANTEE 8Y REFEREE •

...............

(Qualification)

(Address) (Address)

. .

• WIND GAUGE (lONG JUMP AND TRIPLE JUMP ONLY) •

That all the appropriate I.A.A. F. Rules of competition were Name of Referee (8LOCK CAPITALS)•••.•••••••• , • •• • •• .• • • • •

. (Address)

(Signature of Field Judge)

(Dsitance or Height)

2. Record c10imed (height or distance) ••••••• , ••••••••••••••• •••••••••••.••••••• .,. metres

m. ........................

I. Event •.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••..•••••••••••••••••••• MerV'Women

(Signature of Field Judge)

(Distance or Height) (Disltlnce or Height)

APPlICATION IS HERE8Y MADE FOR A WORLD RECORD, IN SUPPORT OF WHICH THE FOLLOWlNG INFORMAnON IS SUBMITIED:(please type or use block capitals)

..........................

m. ....................

with.

11 • Force and direction of wind. • . • ••• • • . •

•

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::':': :.:.:.:.:

Date •••.••••••.•

Operator's signature•• , •••••••••• ,

• RESULT OF COMPETITION. 12. The names of the first three competilors and their performances were as follows:1st

• RECOMMENDATION 8YI.A.A.F. MEM8ERCOUNTRY.

2nd

8. The undersigned I.A.A.F. Member hereby certifies that it is satisfied with the accuracy of the

...

3rd ........ ... .....

within mentioned statements, confirms that the officials conducting the competition were duly

, ••• ,

.. ....

.. ,.,.

.. .

qualified, and recanmends this application for acceptance: President••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••• Name of I.A.A.F.

Secretary

Member........

. Date

.I.A.A.F.-APPROVAL.

PLEASE ENCLOSE WITH THIS APPLICATION: A progratnrne of the meeting; For a Women's event, a certificate of sex, unless the athlete has an IMF Certificate (Rule 141) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DESIRED FOR HISTORICAL PURPOSES: Slate of weother Type of runway Condition of runway

Date •••••••••.•••

Copy of the Scoring Card Press cutting> if available A Photo of the athlete.

OFFICIAL LIST OF WORLD TRACK AND FIELD RECORDS AS AT 31.12.1974 MEN Electrically Timed Performances up to 400 metres 100 metres ".. 200 metres (straight) . 200 metres (turn) . 400 metres , .,. ·· I 10 m Hurdles 200 m Hurdles . " . 400 m Hurdles 4< 100 m Relay .

y.y;

, .. ,

Jim Hine,

19·81 43-86 13·24

.. .. .

Donald Quarrie Lee Eval1s Rodney Milburn

47·82 38·19

.. ..

John Akii-Buu , .. , U.S.A. National Team (L. Black, R. Taylor, G. Tinker, E. Hartl

U.S.A ........

14.10.68

Mexico City

. .. ..

Jamaica U.S.A

. ..

3. 8.71 J 8.10.68 7. 9.72

Cali, Colombia Mexico City Munich

. .

Uganda U.S.A

. .

2. 9.72 10. 9.72

U.S.A U.S.A ..

20. 20. 20. I. I. 21. 7.

Hand Timed Performances up to 400 metres lOO Inetres....

200 200 400 110

m (straigl\t) m (turn) metres m Hurdles

9·9

Jim Hines ,.. , , .. , Ronnie Roy Smith Charlie Greene Eddie Hart Reynaud Robinson Steven Williams 19.5. Tommie Smith Not better than electrically timed Record. Not better than electrically timed Record. \3-1 \ Rodney Milburn Rodney Milburn 21.9....... pon Styron 22.5 " Martin Lauer '" Glenn Davis Not better than electrically timed Record. Not better than electrically timed Record.

. .. . ..

200 m Hurdles(straightl 200 m Hurdles (bend) ... 400 m Hurdles. 4 100 m Relay.........

" .,

Metric Distances over 400 metres 800 metres 1000 metres. 1500 metres

1:43·7.. 2:13,9 3:32- 2

. .

2000 metres 3000 metres 5000 metres 10000 metres 20000 metres I hour

. . . . .. .

25000 metres 30000 metres Steeplechase 4 ., 200 m Relay

.. " .. .

4:56'2 .. 7:35,2 . 13:13·0 .. 27 :30·8 .. 57 :44·4 .. 20784 metres . (12 miles \610 yds.) I h. 14 :55·6 .. Ih. 31 :30·4 .. 8:14,0 . 1:21,5 .

4 x 400 metres

2:56' t

4 :.{ 800 metres

7:08,6

1500 metres .........

20 Km Walk Two Hours Walk 30 Km Walk 50 Km Walk

.. . ..

. . .. . . . ..

U.S.A ..

.. .. . .. ..

Germany ·U.S.A

"""

14:49·0

I h. 24 :45·0 27 153 metres 2h. 12:58'0 4h.00:27·2

, .. ..

, ..

Italy , U.S.A .. Tanzania ,

. ..

6. 22. 2. 7. 20.

6.68 6.68 6.68

Sacramento

7.72 7.72

Eugene. Oregon

6.74 5.66

Lo;' San Jose. Calif.

7.73 7.73 4.60 7.59 8.60

Zurich Siena Baton Rouge, La. Zurich Bern

27. 6.73 30. 7.74 2. 2.74

Milan Oslo Christchurch

Place

Country

Date

. . . . . .

France ....... G.B. & N.!. Belgium ...... G.B. & N.!.. Belgium......

12.10.66 3. 8.74 20. 9.72 13. 7.73 20. 9.72 20. 9.72

SI. Maur des Fosses Gateshead Brussels London Brussels

Seppo Nikkari , .. Jim Alder : . Benjamin Jipcho Italian National Team .. (F. Ossola, P. A beti L. Benedetti, P. U.S.A. National Team (V. Matthews, ...... R. Freeman, L. James, L. Evans) German National Team .... (M. Kinder, W. Adams, D. Bogatzki, F .. J. Kemper) EqUlpe de France . (G. Vervoort, C. Nicolas M. Jazy, J. Wadoux) , Bernd Ka nnen berg .. . Bernd Kannenberg . Bernd Kannenberg Gerhard Weidner ..

Finland ...... G.B. & N.!. Kenya ....... Italy ..........

14.10.73 5. 9.70 27. 6.73 21. 7.72

Jyviiskylii London Helsinki Barlelta

U.S.A ........

20.10.68

Mexico City

Germany ....

13. 8.66

Wiesbaden

France .... '"

25. 6.65

SI. Maur des Fosses

25. 5.74

Hamburg Kassel

Ivory Crockell Tommie Smith Tommie Smith John Smith Richard Wohlhuter Jim Ryun

U.S.A ..

Holder

Record

Event

Marcello Fiasconaro Richard Wohlhuter Filbert Bayi ..

PI.lce

Date

Country

Holder

Record

Event

Michel Jazy Brendan Foster Emiel Pullemans Da vid Bedford '" Gaston Roelants Gaston Roelants . '"

Germany ....

11. 5.74 11. 5 74

8. 4.73

Hamburg

Imperial Distances tOO 220 2?0 440

yards. ...... yds. (straight) d ( . y s. tutn).

9·0 19· 5 . 20·0

.. .. .

. :. : : : : : : .: : : Eitr:: : : : : : : : :

. . . .. . .

Il. 5.74

7. 5.66 11. 6.66 26. 6.71 8. 6.74 23. 6.67

KnoxviUe, Tenn. San Jose Sacramento Eugene, Oregon Bakersfield: Calif.

.....

e-. w

Country

Date

Brenda n Foster . . Emiel Pultemans Ron Clarke . Willy Polleunis . Seppo Nikkari . University of California . (E. McCullouch, F. Kuller, O. J. Simpson, L. Miller) Texas A & M University (J. D. Rogers, H. Woods, M. Mills, C. Mills) Trinidad & Tobago ......... (L. Year wood, K. Bernard, E. Roberts, W. Mottley) Chicago Track Club ......... (T. Bach, K. Sparks, L. Paul, R. WohlhuteT) New Zealand ream (K. Ross, A. Polhill, R. Tayler, T. J. L. Quax)

G.B. & N.!. Belgium .. Australia . Belgium . Finland . U.S.A ..

27. 8.73 20. 9.72 14. 7.65 20. 9.72 14.10.73 17. 6.67

London Brussels Oslo Brussels Jyvaskyla Provo, Utah

24. 4.70

Des Moines, Iowa

Trinidad ....

13. 8.66

Kingston, Jamaica

U.S.A ........

12. 5.73

Durham, U.S.A.

NewZealand

3. 2.72

U.S.A ........

25. 6.71 20. 6.73

··.· .. · 2 miles 3 miles · .. · 6 miles......... .. 10 miles . IS miles . .. 4 x 110 yds. Relay

8:13·8 12:47'8 26 :47·0 46:04,2 Ih. 12:22·6 38·6

.. .. .. .. . .

4 )( 220 yds. Relay

1:21,7

4 x 440 yds. Relay ......

3:02,8

4 ,< 880 yds. Relay ......

7: lOA

4 ., I mile Relay .........

16:02,8

120 yds. Hurdles ...

\3·0

· .. · ..

21·9

Don Styron

22·1 48·7 2h. 30:38·6 3h. 51 :48·6

.. ..

E. GilbeTt . Jim Bolding . Gerhard Weidner Gerhard Weidner

220 yds. Hurdles (straight) . 220 yds. Hurdles (bend) . 440 yds. Hurdles .. " . .. 20 miles Walk . 30 miles Walk

.. .

Rodney Mili>urn Rodney Milburn

. .

. ..

2. 4.60

Germany ....

FIELD EVENTS High Jump Pole Vault .. , Long Jump

.. . ·..

2·30m (7' 61") 5-63m (18' Sf') 8·90m (29' 2t")

Event Triple Jump Shot Pult Discus rammer avehn .. , Decathlon

.. . ,.. " . .

Dwight Stones Robert Seagren RobeTt Beamon

.. ..

Record . ..

Place

Holder

Record

Event

U.S.A

. . .

Holder

Country

17·44m 2)·82m 68·40m 7666 . m

(57' If') Victor Saneyev .. (71' 7") Allan Feuerbach .. Jay Silvester (224' 5") (?51'" Rickard Bruc·h:·.::·.:·.·.:·.·.:·.·.::· _ 1»... Aleksey Spiridonov "OK' K·I.. Klaus Wolfermann '. '.:'. '.:: '.:'. pOints ...... , ... Nicolai Avilov (l1·O, 7·68m., 14 36m., 2·12m., 48'5, 14· j

Eugene, Oregon Baton Rouge, La.

5.58 7.74 5.74 4.73

Raleigh, N. Car. Turin, Italy Hamburg.

11. 6.73 2. 7.72 18.10.68

Munich Eugene, Oregon Mexico City

17. 24. 25. 8.

Date

U.S.S.R U.S.A

.. .

USS R

.. .. y .. '4'j2'8)

i:'

Auckland

Place

17.10.72 5. 5.73 18. 9.68 5. 7.72 11. 9.74 5. 5.73 8. 9.72

Sukhumi San Jose, Calif. Reno, Nevada Stockholm Munich Leverkusen Munich

WOMEN Performances up to 400 metres

100 metres

\1·07

200 metres 400 metres

.. ..

22. 1 I 50·i4 ::: :::

. ..

100 m Hurdles 400 m, Hurdles 4x lOO m Relay

. . .

12·59 56·51 42'51

.. . ..

Wyomia Tyus .. Renate Stecher . Irena Szewinska . Riilta Salin ........ :·.::·.::·.::·.::

U.S.A G.D.R Poland Finland

. . .. ..

15.10.68 2. 9.72 13. 6.74 4. 9.74

Mexico Munich Potsdam Rome

Annelie Ehrhardt Krystyna Kasperc;ii.:· · .. · G.D.R. Team ·.:::::: (D. Maletzki, R. Stecher, C. Heinich B. Eckert) ,

G.D.R Poland

.. .

8. 9.72 13. 7.74 8. 9.74

Munich Augsburg Rome

Australia .... U.S.S.R ..... G.B. & N.r. G.D.R.......

27. 28. 22. 20.

2.60 8.60 6.74 7.73

Sydney Moscow London Dresden

Poland G.D.R ...:........

22. 6.74 22. 7.73

Warsaw Dresden

Hand Timed Performances up to 400 metres 60 metres.... 100 metres ... 200 metres 400 metres 100 m Hurdles.

7·2...... ..

Belly Cuthbert. Irina Bochkaryova 10 8 Andrea Lynch . Renate Stecher Not belter than electncally ttmed record. .. . .. frena Szewinsk,l. .. 1_·3.... Annelie Ehrhardt

. .. .. ..

0'VI

400 4

Date

Poland .....

11. 8.73

Warsaw

. G. D. R. Team (D. Maletzki, R. Stecher, C. Heinich, B. Eckert)

G.D.R .......

24. 8.74

Berlin

. . .

BUlgaria U.S.S.R.. .. ,

24. 8.73 9. 9.72 6. 7.74

Athens Munich Durham, N. Carolina

G.B. & N.1. National Team (M. Tranter, D. James, J. Simpson, V. Peat) German Democra tic Rep. (D. Kiisling, R. Kiihne, H. Seldler, M. Zehrt) .. Bulgaria (S. Zlateva, L. Tomova, T. Petrova. J, Yordanov a)

G.B. & N.1.

24. 8.68

London

G.D.R .......

10. 9.72

Munich

Bulgaria .........

12. 8.73

Sofia

. Chi Cheng . Chi Cheng Monika Zehrt d Hammon Kathy Debra Sapenter Dixie Willis J udy Pollock Paolo Cacchi (Pigni)

Rep, of China Rep. "r China .. G.D.R .. U.S.A

13. .\ 4. 12. 29. 3. 5. 8.

Danuta Piecyk

56·7

Hurdles.

42·6 .

100 m Relay..... ....

Metri c Distan ces over 400 metre s

Svetla Zlateva LudmiHa Bragina Lyudmila Bragina

800 metres 1500 metres 3000 metres.

1:57' 5 4:01-4 8 :52'7 .

4 ;< 200 metres Relay ...

\ :33-8

4 x 400 metres "

3:23'0

8:08'6

4 ,,800 metres

Imper ial Distan ces

\0·0 22·6

100 yards. 220 yards

52·2 ........

440 yards

880 yards

2:02'0 .

I mile

4:29'5

4;<\10 yds. Relay ......

44·2.

4< 220 yds. Relay

1:35'8

4 x 440 yds. Relay ......

3:33-9

. . . . . .

4 x 880 yds. Relay ......

. . .

5. 7.74

U.S.S.R .....

Country

Date

Australia n Inter-Stat e Team (M. R. Hoffman, R. A. Boyle, P. Kilborn , J. F. Lamy) U.S.A. National Team ...... (K. Hammon d, M. Fergerson , M. Manning- Jackson, D. Edwards)

Australia ... ,

9.11.69

U.S.A.... ....

12. 8.72

HOlder

Australia Italy

11.70 7.70 7.72 8.72 6.74 3.62 7.67 8.73

U.S.S. R. Team (L. Karnavko va, L. Maslakov a, M. Sidorova, N. Besfamiln aya)

Record

Event

Place

Country

Holder

Record

Event

Portland U.S.A. Los Angeles Paris U r ba na, 1I1i nois H"kersfield, Calif. Perth Stockholm Viareggio Durham, U.S.A.

Place BriSbane

Umana, 1I1ionois

FIELD EVEN TS . High Jump Long Jun'p thot Putt ISCUS Javelin Pentathlo n

.. . ..

, .

['95 m (6' 5"). ...... '" 6'84 m (22' 21·20 m (69' 6r')... 69·90 m (229' 4")... 67·22 m (220' 6")... 4932 points.... ...... (13·21,15 -85 m, 1·78 m,

Rosemari e Witschas .. , Heide Rosendah 1. Nadyezhd a Chizhova F . Burglinde 6·47 rn, 23-35)

.. . ..

G.D.R Germany U.S.S.R

.. .

G.6'.R

.. . . .

8. 3. 28. 27. 3. 22.

9.74 9.70 8.73 5.74 9.74 9.73

Rome Turin. Italy Lvov Prague Rome Bonn

OFFICIAL LIST OF OLYMPIC GAMES RECORDS

Holder

Time Height or Distance

Event

MEN

James Hines . Tommie Smith · .. Lee Evans Ralph Doubell .. Kipchoge Keino .. Lasse Viren .. Lasse Viren .. Rodney Milbufl1 . John Akii-Bua . Kipchoge Keino . U.S.A. (e. Greene, M. Pender, R. Smith, J. Hines) ......... U.s.A. (L. Black, R. Taylor, G. Tinker, E. Hart) U.S.A. (V. Matthews, R. Freeman, L. James, L. Evans) Richard F osbury , . Robert Beamon .. Viclor Saneyev . Wolfgang Nordwig .. Vladislav Komar. Al Oerter ...... Anatoly Bondarchuk ......... Klaus Wolfermann Nikolai Avilov .

9·9 19·8 .. 43-8 · .. 1:44·3 .. . 3:34,9 .. 13:26·4 .. 27 :38·4 .. 13'2 . 47·8 .. 8:23'6. ... 38·2 .

100 metres 200 metres 400 metres .. 800 metres . . 1500 melres .. 5000 metres 10000 melres . I10m. Hurdles . 400m. Hurdles . 3000m. Steeplechase 4 x lOOm. Relay .... ;....

2:56,1

4 x 400m. Relay High Jump Long Jump Triple Jump Pole Vaull Shot Putt Discus Hammer Javelil1 ." Decathlon

2·24m. (7ft. 4in.) 8·90m. (29ft. 2!il1.). 17·39m. (57ft. O·Jin.) 5·50m. (18ft. O!in.) .. 21·18m. (69ft. 6in.) .. 64·78m. (212ft. 6in.) 75·50m. (247ft. 8in.) 90·48m. (296ft. lOin.) . 8454 points

.. . . .. .. .. . .

Event

Time, Height or Distance

3h.56:11·6

Bernd Kannenberg

2h.12:ll·2

Abebe Bikilia

U.S.A .......... U.S.A .......... U.S.A. Australia ...... Kenya ......... Finland . Finland U.S.A .......... Uganda ...... Kenya .. , U.S.A ....

1968 1968 1968 1968 1968 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1968

Place

Mexico City Mexico City Mexico City Mexico City Mexico City Munich Munich Munich Munich Munich Mexico City

U.S.A .....

1972

Munich

U.S.A ...

1968

Mexico City

U.S.A .......... U.S.A .......... V.S.S.R....... G.D.R. Poland ......... U.S.A .......... U.S.S.R. Germany ...... U.S.S.R .......

1968 1968 1968 1972 1972 1968 1972 1972 1972

Mexico City Mexico City Mexico City Munich Munich Mexico City Munich Munich Munich

Country

Best performances in events where World Records are not recognized 000Walk metres I h .26 .'42 .4 20 Road Peter Frenkel

SO 000 metres Road Walk Marathon

Date

.....

Holder

Cc>untry

0\ 00

Dale

Place

G.D.R.

1972

Munich

Germany ......

1972

M Lfnich

Ethiopia ...

1964

Tokyo

U.S.A .... G.D.R. ...... G.D.R. Germany: .. · .. G.D.R ....... U.S.A ..........

1968 1972 1972 1972 1972 1968

Mexico City Munich Munich Munich Munich Mexico City

Germany ......

1972

Munich

Germany ...... Rumania ...... U.S.S.R ....... U.S.S.R ....... G.D.R. G.B.&N:i:·::

1972 1968 1972 1972 1972 1972

Munich Mexico City Munich Munich Munich Munich

WOMEN 100 metres 200 metres 400 metres 800 metres lOOm. .. 4 x lOOm. Relay ..

High Jump Long Jump Shot Discus Javelin Pentathlon

11·0 . 22-4 . 51·1 1:58·6 12·6 . 42·8 ..

. .. .. ..

.. .

I·Y2m (6ft. 3tin.) .... 6·82m. (22ft. 4!in.j .. 21·03m. (69ft. Oin.) .. 66·62m. (218ft. 7in.) 63·88111. (209ft. 7in.) 480 I points ....

Wyomia Tyus . Renate Stecher Monika Zehrt : .. Hildegard Falck .. Annelie Ehrhardt.. · .. · .. · .. · .. · USA .

'( B.

M. Neller, W. Tyus) Germany . (C. Krause, l. Mickler A. Richter, , H. Rosendahl) Ulrike Meyfarth . Viorica Viscopoleanu .. Nadyezhda Chizhov" Faina Melnik ' . Ruth Fuchs .. Mary Peters :::::::::::: .

171

170

WO RL D CH AM PIO NS HIP S

A. Bond archu k

2 Oly mpi c Games, Mun ich, 197 Held in con junc tion with the

ME N

V. Borz ov R. Tayl or L. Mille r

lOO MET RES (U.S .S.R. ) IU.S .A.) (Jam aica)

V. Borz ov L. Black P. Menn ea

200 MET RES (U.S .S.R. ) (U.S .A.) (Italy )

20·00 20·19 20·30

V. Matt hews W. Colle tt J. Sang

400 MET RES (U.s .A.) (U.S .A.) (Ken ya)

44·66 44·80 44·92

800 MET RES (U.S .A.) D. Wott le (U.S .S.R. ) Y. Arzh anov (Ken ya) M. Bait

P. Vasa la K. Kein o R. Dix.on

1500 MET RES (Finl and) (Ken ya) (N. Zeala nd)

5000 MET RES (Finl and) L. Viren (Tun isia) M. Gam moud i (G.B . & N.1.) L Stew art

10·14 10·24 10·33

1:45' 9 1 :45·9 1:46' 0

3 :36·3 3:36' 8 3:37, 5

13:26 ·4 13:27 ,4 13:27 '6

1000 0 MET RES WR 27:38 ,4 (Finl and) L. Viren 27 :39·6 (Belg ium) E. Putte mans 27:41 ·0 (Ethi opia) M. Yifte r

11Om. HUR DLE S = WR \3·24 (U.s. A.) R. Milb urn 13· 34 IFran ce) G. Drut \3·48 (U.S .A.) T. Hill

J. Akii- Bua R. Mann D. Hem ery

-lOOm. HUR DLE S WR 47·82 (Uga nda) 48·51 (U.s. A.) 48·52 (G.B . & N.1.)

STE EPL ECH ASE (Ken ya) K. Kein o (Ken ya) B. Jipch o IFinl and) T. Kant anen

8 :23-6 8:24' ('

F. Shor ter K. Lism ont M. Wold e

MAR ATH ON (U.S .A.) (Belg ium) (Ethi opia)

. 4 x. 100 MET RES RELA Y r. G. TlI1ker. l. U.s.A . (L. Black. R. Taylo . E. Hart) , 38·2 = WR. V. Love tsk,y . 2. U.S.S .R. (A. Korn elyuk : J. Silovs. V. Borz ov). 38·). K. Hirsc ht. (1. 3. Germ any G. Wuch erer, K. Ehl). 38·8.

Klotz , -

4 x. 400 MET RES RELA Y

au, R. Ouko , l. Keny a (e. Asati , H. Nyam

J. Sang ), 2 :59,8. Pasco e, 2. G.B. & N.1. (M. Reyn olds, ).. D. Hem ery, D. Jenki ns), 3:00· quez, Velas D. 3. Fran ce (G. Berto uld, F. Kero iriou , J. Care tle), 3:00· 7. Y. Tarm ak S. Jung e D. Ston es.

HIG H JUM P (U.S .S.R. ) (G.D .R.) (U.S .A.)

2·23m !7·3i ' 2·21 mj7'3 ' 2·2I mj7T

POL E VAU LT (G.D .R.) 5· 50m} 18'Ot" W. Nord wig (U.S .A.) R. Seag ren 5·35 mjI7 '6t' (US. A.) J. John son LON G JUM P 8·24m j2TO !'· (U.S .A.) R. Willi ams S'18m j26'\ 0" (Ger .) H. Baum gartn er S·03m j26'4 t" (U.S .A.) A. Robi nson V. Sane yev

TRIP LE JUM P (U.S .S.R. )

17'35 mj 56'11 \7'3I mj 56'9V \7·05 ml 55'11

J. Dreh mel

(G.D .R.)

N. Prud encio

(Braz il)

W. Kom ar G. Woo ds H. Bries enick

SHO T 21'IS m/69 '6" (Pol. ) (U.S .A.) 21·17 m/69 '5i" 21'14 ml (G.D .R.)

L. Dane k

DISC US (Czec h.)

J. Silve ster

(U.S .A.)

R. Bruc h

(Swe den)

J. Sach se

(G.D .R.1

V. Kh me1evski

(U.S .S.R. )

K. Wolf erma nn 2h.12 :19·8 2h.14 :31·8 2h.) 5 :08:4

64'40 m! 211T 63-50mj 208' 4' 63-40ml 208'0 '

HAM MER (U.S .S.R. )

JAV ELIN (Ger .)

J. Lusis

(U.S .S.R. )

W. Schm idt

(U.S .A.)

75· SOm/ 247'8 ' 74·96 mj 245'1 1' 74'04 ml 242'1 1' 90·48 m/ 296'1 0' 90·46 m/ 296'9 ' 84·42 m/ 276'1 1'

20Km WAL K (G.D .R.) P. Fren kel (V.S. S:R.) V. Golu bnich iy (G.D .R.) H. Reim ann

I h.26: 42·4 1h.26 :S5·2 I h.27: 16·6

SOKm WAL K (Ger .) (U.S .S.R. ) V. Sold atenk o (U.S .A.) I.. Youn g

3h.S6 :11·6 3h.58 :24,0 4h.00 :46·0

B. Kann enbe rg

DEC ATH LON m., 4·S5m ., 61'66111., 14·36 m., 2·(2m .. 48·S, 14·31, 46·98 ., 7·68m , (11'0 .R., U.S.S v, Avilo 1. 4N.:22,8 ), 8.454 point s. m., 4'40m ., 14·18 m., 1·89m .. 48-4, 15'03, 47'84 nenk o, V.S.S . R., (l1'1 3, 6'81 m., 2. L. Litvi 58·94 m., 4:0S' 9), 8,035 point s. 14'41 , 43·00 m., 4'50m ., 59'96111., 9. 7·09m .. 14·39 m., j·92m ., 49'1, nd, (10·8 s, Polapoint 3. R. Kalu s. .984 '9),7 4:31

R. Stech er R. Boyl e S. Chi vas

100 MET RES (G.D .R.) (Aus tralia ) (Cub a)

R. Stech er R. Boyl e I. Szew inska

200 MET RES (G.D .R.) (Aus tralia ) (Pola nd)

400 MET RES (G.D .R.) M. Zehr t (Ger many ) R. Wild en mond Ham ( U.s.A .) K. 800 MET RES (Ger many ) H. Falck (U.S .S.R. ) N. Saba ite (G.D .R.) G. Holf meis ter 1500 MET RES (U.S .S.R. ) L. Brag ina ter meis (G.D .R.) Hoff G. (Italy ) P. Cacc hi lOOm HUR DLE S (G.D .R.) A. Ehrh ardt (Rum ania) V. Bufa nu (G.D .R., K. Balze r

WO ME N 11·07 11·2)

11,14 = WR 22·40

22-45 22·74 51·08 51'11 51'64

I :S8'6

1:58· 7 1 :59·2

WR 4:0\' 4 4:02' 8 4:02' 9 12'59 12·84 12·90

N. Chiz hova

SHO T (U.S .S.R. )

M.G umm e1

(G.D .R.)

I. Khri stova

( Bulg "ria)

F. Meln ik

DISC US (U.S .S.R. )

A. Meni s

(Rum ania)

V. Stoye va

{Bul garia l

R. Fuch s

JAV ELIN (G.D .R.)

J. Todt en

(G.D .R.)

K. Schm idt

(U.s. A.)

WR 21·03 mj

69'0" 20'22 m/ 66'4* " 19'J5 m/ 63'6 ' 66'62 m/ 21S'7 " 6S·06 m/ 213'5 ' 64·.14m/ 211'1 '

63-88mj 209"7" 62·54 mj 205'1 ' 59·94 ml 196'S"

4 x. lOO MET RES RELA Y I. Mick ler. A. 1. Germ any, (e. Krau se. WR. Rich ter, H. Rose ndah l), 42·8 = ich, B. Hein 2. G.D. R .. (E. Kauf er, C.

Strup pert, R. Stech er), 42'9. Valde s, F. 3. Cuba . (M. Eleja rde, C. HIG H JUM P Rom ay, S. Chiv as), 43·4. U. Meyf arlh (GeL ) =WR I'92m j6'3! " 4, 400 MET RES REL.-\ Y 1'88m /6'2' Y. Blag oyev a (Bulg .) Kiihn e, R. Kasli ng, (D. \'88m /6'2" er I G. D. R., I. Guse nbau (Aus tria) . H. Seidl er, M. Zehr t), 3 :22,9M. Jacks on, 2. U.S.A ., (M. Ferge rson, ), 3:25, 1. G JUM P C. Tous saint , K. Ham mond H. Rose ndah l LON(Ger .) 6·78m/22'.1" ing, Bodd I. D. Yorg ova J. Germ any. (A. Riickes. 5, 6'77m /22'2 j" (Bulg .) Falck , R. Wild en). 3:26' H. E. Sura nova Or /21'I 6'67m (Cze ch., PEN TAT HLO N ), 4,801 point s. 9, 16·20m., \'82111., 5·98m ., 24'08 ), 4,79\ point s. (13'2 N.I., & G.B. s. Peler M. l. 22'96 .. 6·83m ., 1·65m m., 13·86 4, 2. H. Rose ndah l, Germ any, (13'3 m., 1·76m., 6·21m ., 23'93 ). 4,768 point s. 3. B. Polla k, G.D. R., (l3'S 3, 16·04

173 172

Rule No. Advertisingin the arena record attempt numbers .. , use of name in the arena Alterations to rules ... Amateur status Announcer .. , Apparatus .. , Area Championships Assistancecross-country in event marathon .,. shoes walk Awards-value

148 53 :142 53 16 168 10 ... 51-55 125 201-216 ... 12-13

Bell .,. Broadcasting-radio & T.V.

168 142 165 142 191 12 122 53

Championships13 Area and Group .. , 13 301 309 World 142:171 Check-marks 114 Clerk of the Course 142 Clothing 12 Competition abroad 142 Competition,(General) 101-195 Competition Rules 7 Congress Constitution of the I.A.A.F. 1-54 6 Council 168 Cross-country Decathlon Wodd records Discusgeneral cage circle construction

195 148 181: 183 208 183:209 205

marking flags sectors ties ... trials Disqualificationconduct delays doping interference out of lane relay starting Doping-drugs Draw ...

Rule No. 181 211 :181 146 ... 142:143:181

Electrical timing Eligibilitycountry international Entries Expenses Finals Finishgeneral judges posts Flagscross-country sector throwing events ... tracks walking Footwear Hammergeneral cage circle construction flags gloves sectors ties ... trial/order ...

Rule No.

INDEX-CONSTITUTION & TECHNICAL RULES

116 142 144

142 142 142:166 162 144

143 119

12 53 141 14 143 162 117 162:216 168 212:181 181 :212 161 191 142

181 :185 ... 208 185:209 ... 207 181 :212 185 181:211 146 181 :142:143

Handicaps ... Heats... .., High jumpgeneral apparatus ... ties .. , Hurd1esgeneral construction wind Implementscomply LA.A.F.... specifications Improper conduct ... Inclination-tolerances field track Interference ... Intermediate'times ::: meetings InVItatIOns

148 143 171 :172 201 146 163 213 148

149 201-216 116 171 :181 161 :148 142 119 12 12

lavelingeneral 181-182 construction 204 sector/flags 211 :212:181 ties .. , ... 146 trials/order ... 181 :142:143 Judgescross-country 168 field .. , 117:142 racing 117 walking 117:191 Jumpsgeneral ... 171-175 specifications 201-203 '" trials/order 171:142 Juniors--<:ross-co 168 Juryduties 115:147 Lanes Languagemeetings start

142:161 9

162

Lap scorers .. , Lap times .. , Long jumpgeneral

122 119:142

Manager Marathon Marshal Material Measurements MedicalCommittee marathon relay'" walking women ... . Membership of LA.ÂˇA.F.

112 165 124 16 145 :165

171-174 ... 203 ... 146 ... 171 :142:143 wmd-world records ... 148

8 165 166 191 141 :148 4

Nominations for LA.A.F. Committees ... 7 Numbers--<:ompetitors 121: 142 Objects of the I.A.A.F. Officers of the I.A.A.F Officials. cross-country duties Olympic Olympic records One-hour race

3 5 168 Il 1-126 13 381 162

Pentathlongeneral 195 heats 143 world '" 148 Permits for Area 13 Ph?to-finish-j udges 117 : I 62 Pomtsmen--<:ross-country 168 Pole vault171 :173 general 142 grip 142 numbers

175

174 Rul e No. specifications ties .. , Private implements ... Prizes

201 :202

146

173: 149

... 12:53 147

Protests Qualifications for represent.. ing cou ntry Qualifying com petl tlOn sgeneral Recall Starters Recontest Recorders Referees Ref resh men tscross-country mar atho n '" walking Rel ays bato ns general lanes Re-run Re-instatement Resin ...

143

Rule No.

142 Sim ulta neo us events :216 201 ns atio Specific 165 Spo ngin g points 6 15:1 .. . ... p rshi nso Spo :162 161 Sta rt. " 120:162 Star ter 121 :162 ts istan Ass ter's Star 162:215 Star ting blocks 164 Steeplechase _._ III ards Stew 4 Sub scri ptio n fees ... 126 :145 :148 Surveyor 11 Suspensions ...

161 :162

116:142

123 116 168

165 191 214 166

152 -161 116 :142 II 142

12 Scholarships ... Sco ring 168 cross-country 195 dec athl on. " 142 international matches 195 pen tath lon 113 Secretary 143 ing Seed 168 ntry -cou Seniors---cross 142 Shoes and Spikes Sho t181 :184 general 209 es circl 206 n con stru ctio 181 :211 :212 sectors/flags 210 stop board 146 ties ... ... 142 :143 :181 trials/order

Tap es-s teel , fibre glass 145:148 Tea ms 168 cross-country 167 trac k 8 Technical Committee 114 ... ager Man al Technic Thr owi ng142 :143 :181 :185 general 204 :212 s tion specifica Tie s168 cross-country 195 ... n deca thlo 195 pen tath lon 167 teams 146 track/field ... 143 Tim e-in terv al-h eat & final rsepe eke Tim 119 duties 148 reco rds 162 s race rs hou one /two 195 pen tath lon 195 deca thlo n .. , 161 ... Tolerances 119:162 Tor so 161 Tracks 14 Travel expenses Triple jum p175:171 general '" 203 take-off boa rd 146 ties ... 171 143: 142: ... trials 148 win d-w orld records Umpires

118 :168

Voting powers

Wa lkin ggeneral rules ... jud ge s' "Lu gan o Tro phy " safety prec auti ons '" ... shoes Walking Com mitt ee Watches Wat er jum p ... Weights

191

117:191 192 191

142 8

119

164 145

Rul e No. '" Win d-re cor ds Wind Gau ge Ope rato r Wooden surfaces '" World Cha mpi onsh ips '" World records Wo rste d at finish ... Wo me nCom mitt ee com peti tion rules cros s-co untr y officials '" nati ona lity medical certificate official register

148 127 148

301 -309 148 :381 162

8 101 168

III

141 :148 141

176

INDEX OF DIVISION III I.A.A.F. TECHNICAL RULES Rule Section I-Officials Officials of the Meeting The Manager The Secretary The Technical Manager Jury' of Appeal Referees Judges Umpires (Track Events) Timekeepers ... Starter and Recall Starters Starter's Assistants Lap Scorers ... The Recorder The Marshal The Announcer The Official Surveyor The Wind Gauge Operator Section II-General Rules Entries The Competition ... Rounds, Heats and Qualifying Competitions... Doping Measurements and Weights Ties ... Protests Worid Records Official Implements ... Section Ill-Running Events Track and Lanes The Start and the Finish Hurdle Races Steeplechase ... Marathon Race Relay Races Team Races ... Cross Country Races

No. III

112 113 114 liS

116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168

Rule Section IV-Jumping Events General Rules High Jump ... Pole Vault ... Long Jump ... Triple Jump ... Section V-Throwing Events General Rules Javelin Throwing ... Throwing the Discus Putting the Shot Throwing the Hammer Section VI-Walking Events Walking The "Lugano" Trophy Section VII-Combined Competitions Pentathlon and Decathlon ... Section VIII-8pecifications Implements!Apparatus Jumping and Vaulting Standards ... Vaulting Pole Take-off Board Javelin Discus Shot ... Hammer Hammer or Discus Throwing Cage Circles Stop Board (Putting the Shot) Sectors for Throws ... Sector Flag ... Hurdles Relay Baton ... Starting Blocks Finishing Posts

Printed by King & Jarrett Ltd., Hayes, Middx., England

No.

171 172 173 174 175 181 182 183 184 185 191 192 195

201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216