Ran Ma, 788329, Earth Book, S1 2017

Architecture Design Studio: Earth S1. 2017 Earth Book

Ran Ma 788329

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Contents 1.0 Point/Line/Plane---6 2.0 Mass---14 3.0 Frame and Infill---22 4.0 Three Reflections---30 5.0 Secret---Herring Island---32 6.0 Final Reflection---68 Bibliography---70

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1.0 Point/Line/Plane

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“Brightness can focus attention. When creating a focal point, increasing the brightness contrast between the object and the surround increases the impact.�

------Delores Ginthner

Sidney Myer Music Bowl. Architect: Barry Patten. Project year: 1959.

Location: Melbourne, VIC. 8

The world is a 3D universe, which comes from points to lines to planes. Architecture is born at one point and extended from lines on papers. And then be extruded into 3D forms. The beauty of point, line and plane is we need to use imagination to mix the form by our eyes. Like the sidney Myer Music Bowl, the membrane is supported by tilted line structures. The surface becomes flowing. My enthusiasm is on the connection between points and lines, and making the surfaces more flexible. I want to use the integration of points and lines to create more diversified structures.

Meanwhile, emphasizing the imaged curvy surfaces.

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This is my in-class exercise of PLP. On the ground object is used to connect above ground and underground. Therefore, the definition of this model is vogue. A piece of paper is a good plane to describe earth surface, while the concept of my model requires translating it from 2D to 3D. I split it into several curves, then glue each edge together to create covers and spaces. The circles can present the infinite development of earth as well. Finally, I dig numerous holes with different sizes on the paper. These holes can delivery trees, root and light through above and underground systems.

The model can be seem as a landscape sculpture. It will be placed in park or some landscape ares inside big shopping mall. There will be some wood chairs, trees and sculpture on the model. I hope people can be closer to earth when they are standing in front it. The model will be constructed by concrete, the coldness of concrete can highlight the vivifying of plants.

This eco-system will be half buried into ground and in the center of shopping malls. A transparent membrane will cover it. People can see some landscape inside the building and touch them when they go outside through doors.

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Model Making Process: Firstly, I randomly draw several lines on one uniform A3 paper. Then, I cut the paper through these lines.

Each piece of paper is separated into two layers, one is the original surface of the paper, another one is the split lines of the paper. I connect the head of each split lines of paper together. And then I twist and title the line paper surfaces to show the transformation of the surface and structure. Surprisingly, there are some edges of paper have the same length as they are cut from the same line. The edges of paper can join properly. A graceful sculpture is created by the line works.

A3 paper with lines

Cut through the lines

connect the heads of lines

connect the edge of each part

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Point/Line/Plane Model The scale of the model is 1:50. I love its interlaced space. The transparent form can be used as a pavilion, museum or garden. In my imagination, there are some plants on the curvy lines. Visitors can use these lines as stairs and chairs. The building will be white and covered by glass. People can enjoy the contrast of light and shadow when they are inside. At the same time, lightness is brought by the tall and transparent roof.

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2.0 Mass

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Neanderthal Museum. Architect: Zamp Kelp. Project year: 1996. Location: Mettmann, Germany.

Ellora Caves. Project year: 600-1000 CE period. Location: Aurangabad, the Indian state of Maharashtra.

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On the contrary with PLP exercise, we are expected to make an underground structure, which develops downwards and provides a feeling of the secret in mass exercise. Depression is the most straight sense of mass in my point of view. From the precedents and lecture, I learn that materials and textures are really significant for architects to consider, as different materials can have opposite feeling. I think the most suitable texture for mass is rough and dark. Concrete and stone are good materials of mass. Some religious buildings, having huge volumes, give me a scared and frightening sense. They can also seem as mass architectures.

Grundtvig’s Church. Architect: Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint.

Project year: 1940. Location: Copenhagen, Denmark.

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“We now see designs for Spacelab and Freedom that provide distinct ‘Earthy’ floor, wall, and ceiling references and consistent cues for vertical orientation, without denying either the possibility of ceilingmounted utilities or the necessity of foot restraints.”

------Barbara Faughnan

The Castles of Bellinzona. Project year: 1803. Location: Bellinzona, the Swiss canton of Ticino.

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These drawings are in-class practices. We finished each work in fifteen minutes. I can only draw the work by using intuition in such short period. In fact, this was my first time of using charcoal. Initially, I could not control the shadow and darkness in my drawing very deftly. My drawings were more aesthetic rather than architectural. I had not thought about the exact structure of my building at that time. The only thing I wanted to display was depression. Afterward, I started use mark pens. My building had a clear form this time. However, I still needed to improve the drawing and making sure it was a section, the standard language of architecture.

In-class drawing 3

In-class drawing 2

In-class drawing 1

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I visited Herring Island during the weekend that I drew the mass section. The tectonic of the in my mass work. These is a river to isolated the main building and makes the building more decide drawing the section in portrait mode rather than landscape mode, because a tall and tite. This stalactite contains a rough and irregular surface. A secret element can be placed on want to design a narrow travel line in the building. Visitors can feel the transformation of lig top.

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e island greatly inspires me how to create a mass space. I refer the terrain of Herring Island e secret. The whole structure is underneath a mountain. By referring from precedents, I d huge space could perform depression and horror. The central massive columns are stalacn the stalactite. Some holes are opened on the top to carry light. The deeper, the darker. I ght and soil when they go down. Meantime, they can experiment the sacred light from the

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3.0 Frame and Infill

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“New forms to amaze by their lightness and freedom of creation. Forms that were not anchored to earth rigidly and statically, but uplifted the Palaces as though to suspend them, white and ethereal, in the endless nights of the uplands. Forms of surprise and emotion, designed above all to withdraw the visitor - be it for a few brief instants - from the difficult problems, at times overwhelming, that life poses for all of us.�

------Oscar Niemeyer

Black Cube House. Architects: KameleonLab. Location: Wroclaw, Poland. Project Year: 2012.

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Melbourne Recital Centre and MTC Theatre Project. Architect: ARM. Location: Melbourne, VIC. Project year: 2009.

AD Classics: Rietveld Schroder House. Architects: Gerrit Rietveld.

Location: Utrecht, The Netherlands. Project Year: 1925.

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Frame and infill is a kind of composition that shows a transparent space. Weightlessness and anti-gravity are characteristics of frame and infill. There are five types of composition that I learned from lectures: single gesture, adjacency, moire, pun and resolution. The twelve strategies to analysis composition are store, collage, be silent, destroy, calculate, roll the dice, feel, think, believe, furnish, repeat and play. The way we create frame and infill is adding temporary form onto permanent structure by utilizing the twelve strategies. The main concept can be embodied in materials, structures or colors. These precedents all have two distinct systems. These two systems dialogue with each other. The dialog can be both violent or placid as long as they exist.

Federation Square. Architect: LAB + Bates Smart. Project year: 2003.

Location: Melbourne, VIC. 26

This is the model of mass that I made in class. The source of the model were four pages of my mass drawing. I use one whole page to make the front and keep some people inside drawing to provide human being.

The back of my model. I circle the central part. It can stand and support the front paper.

The top of mountain, which I use the separate lines to involve the light.

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This is the front and back of stairs. The two surfaces are connected by the white space.

The main concept of my frame and infill model is golden ratio. The ratio between width and length of the rectangle walls are 1:1.618. The lateral triangle structure also follows the ratio of 1.618. Then, the basic frame of the house is separated into numerous rectangles and triangles, which also have the ratio of 1.618. Several rectangles and triangles are extruded from the surface of the wall and develop towards the center of the building. Finally, the rectangles and triangles join in the middle space. This is the original structure of my building. After that, I extrude three boxes at the corner as a storage room and one box on the top to hide a secret. Later, I cover a tracing paper on the structure to keep its transparency. I connect some papers, which have three primary colors: yellow, red and blue, on the structure. They can be applied as stairs. The idea of using primary colors comes from AD Classics: Rietveld Schroder House. According to the lecture of frame and infill, color is one source of distinguishing systems.

Section Scale: 1:200 In the building, people can go up to upper level through the stair.

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4.0 Three R

From the three exercises, I understand the forms of above the ground, in the gro skills during the three exercises. I realize that every material can be employed to the process during a presentation can better display my idea. Also, I will try to m section, adding human being into drawing and showing the sense of being insid the main idea of the building. Colors could be utilized as a great source of comm ered from several directions. The connection between each element should b lightness. The light

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Reflections

ound and under the ground. I developed my model making and section drawing o make model, even paper. Recording the process of making a model and show make models first if I do not have any idea next time. For drawing, clarifying the de the building in a section are necessary. An accurate section can demonstrate municating ideas. And also, do not forget that an attractive frame can be discovbe considered. The textures and materials of buildings can control the sense of effect is important.

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5.0 Secret------Herring Island

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5.1 Herring Island Site Analysis

Nine Sculptures

Gallery Landing Landing

Landing

Landing

Site Plan Scale: 1:2000 There are nine sculptures in the island, which are labeled by stars.

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Site P Scale: 1 The dark area is lower than 6 meters heig heig

Herring Island is a small 3.2 hectares (7.9 acres) artificial island located in Melbourne’s Yarra River at South Yarra, approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the city centre. It is the only island in the Yarra River.

Herring Island was formed in 1928 by cutting a channel through an old basalt quarry.

The island was leased for many years by the scout movement, who named it after their patron, Sir Edmund Herring, the Lieutenant Governor of Victoria and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria. The Island contains indigenous vegetation, and provides important habitat for native fauna, particularly birds. It is currently managed by Parks Victoria and used as a sculpture park. Sculptures include works by Jill Peck, Ellen Jose, and Andy Goldsworthy.

Plan 1: 2000 ght. The blue area is higher than 7 meters ght.

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Residentical house---living(residents, families) Commercial distric---business, shopping, entertainment(workers, families, rends) Garden---picnic, party, rest, entertainment(residents, families, friends) Sport eld---tennis, golf, baseball, soccer(athletes, teenagers) Factory---Producing, working, transporting(workers) Garage---parking, transporting(workers, residents, visitors) Harbor---transporting, berthing(workers) Tram rail Train rail Tram Station Bus Station Train Station

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Opportunities: 1.Abundant landscape sources around. The site is a wildlife reserve and recreational park besides CBD. 2.The main visitor is surrounding residents and travelers. Families and friends are the major groups of people here. All range of age is possible to come here.

3.BBQ is available here. Although there is no shop or supermarket for equipment nearby.

4.Plenty water source circling the site.

5.Complicated topography, which will produce different shades and shadows.

6.There are viaduct and highway around the island.

7.The boundary of Herring Island is 1m under the water level.

8.There are several layers of soil inside the island.

9.Some sands are inside the first level of the soil. Some great rocks underneath the surface.

10.Boating around the site is allowed, it can be used as a new entryway.

Constrains: 1.Inconvenient traffic. Only one bus stop is closer than 1km.

2.Punt is the only transportation method for landing.

3.Great construction machines are not appropriate to use.

4.Daylight only comes from the north.

5.Soil flow may appear after raining.

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Overall climate: Uniform rainfall, warm summer cold winter Temperate climate 1. Average solar ultraviolet (UV) Index: High,6~7 2. Average annual evaporation: 1000~1200ml 3. Average annual evapotranspiration: 4000~5000ml 4. Average annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall: 600~1000ml 5. Rainfall variability: Low(0~0.5) 6. Average annual days of rain: Number of days 125~150 7. Average annual & monthly maximum, minimum, & mean temperature: Mean: 9~12 Maximum, 24~27 in summer, Minimum 6~9 in winter 8. Average daily apparent temperature: 18~21 9. Annual and monthly potential frost days: 0~2 days in winter 10. Average 9am and 3pm relative humidity: 9am 80~90 3pm 70~80 11. Average annual & monthly sunshine duration: Annual 5~6, summer 8~9, winter 4~3 12. Average daily solar exposure: Annual 15~18, summer 24~27, winter 6~9 13. Average annual thunder-day and lightning flash density: 10~15 days 14. Average wind velocity: Summer 4~6, Winter 8~10

The island is inhabited by several species of birds, including honeyeaters, willie wagtails, cormorants, kookaburras, magpies, wattlebirds and white faced herons. Water birds such as Pacific black ducks, dusky moorhen and maned ducks can be found in the surrounding waters.

Soil: The original soil is sandy soil, which was built up with silt dredged from the river. normally, it is light yellow, after raining, it becomes brown and thick.

The deeper the soil, the darker

Normal soil

Soil type 1

Soil type 2

Sands inside soil

avoid soil flow after rain

Placed cardboard under soil

Soil is smooth when it is humid

Stone exposed after rain

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Flora and fauna: 1. river red gums, canopy: more than 3meters tall, greater than 1.5meters radius.

2.silver wattle, canopy: 2~3meters tall, 1~2meters radius, yellow color.

BBQ area in the site

3.manna gum, canopy: more than 3meters tall, 1~2meters radius.

4.southern mahogany, canopy: more than 3meters tall, 1~2meters radius.

river red gums

manna gum

southern mahogany

spear grass

5.wallaby, canopy: less than 1meter high.

6.spear grass, canopy: less than 1meter high.

The soil slope beside BBQ area

The Gallery in inside island

People play dugout canoe around the site wallaby 39

silver wattle

5.2 Final Design Precedents “Architecture should be configured onto and into the site such that it defines or gathers a locale around it as a bounded domain or “place-form”.

------Kenneth Frampton

The Indigenous Shelter of Wurundjeri Tribe around Yarra River 40

One element can be hidden in many different ways. The emphasis of this project is to incorporate the concept of secret with the features of Herring Island. According to site analysis, the region of herring Island was occupied by Wurundjeri Tribe. I want to reflect the tradition of the island, making sure my pavilion is built for the site. I will refer the indigenous shelter of Wurundjeri Tribe in my design. Letting visitor experience the original life of aboriginal. I am also inspired by Jean-Marie Tijbaou Culture Centre. Piano respects indigenous culture by applying the timber material and curvy shelter form.

Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre. Architect: Renzo Piano. Project year: 1998. Location: Rue des accords de Matignon, Tina

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I appreciate the underground pathway of the Hill of Buddha. The Buddha is placed on a hill and surrounded by soil. If people want to be closer to the Buddha, they need to go cross the underground pathway. Nevertheless, when they stand under the Buddha, they still cannot see the whole view of Buddha. Because the Buddha is a secret that Ando hides inside the mountain.

“Architecture cannot disengage itself from natural and human factors, on the contrary, it must never do so...its function is to bring nature ever closer to us.�

------William J R Curtis

The Hill of Buddha. Architect: Tado Ando. Project year: 2015. Location: Sapporo, Japanese.

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5.3 Design Development

My first idea is constructing an underground walkway, which connects the two side of Yarra is the only transportation to land the island, I want to build another entrance on the opposit er, the idea is not appropriate due to the tide of Yarra River. Meanwhile, this side of Yarra riv the bridge in the final design.

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River. And then link the underground walkway into the center of the island. Because punt te bank. In that way, travelers can have more kind of mode of accessing the island. Howevver is used to transport. The bridge will block the road of the steamship. Therefore, I cancel

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Underground Plan Scale: 1: 200 B

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A B

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Concept model which can be holden in hand

The idea of the bridge is inspired by the underground drainpipe and the outfall near Herring Island.

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On The Ground Plan Scale: 1: 50

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Section BB Scale: 1: 50

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The previous underground pathway contains some stalactite on the top. This idea is cited from my mass drawing. I develope the space of tunnel in a more architectural aspect in final design.

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5.5 Final Model Making Process

I utilize the same technique of my PLP exercise to make the mod some geometric forms. Secondly, I draw the parallel lines on the then, connecting the head of each line. I try to join the different pavilion was created.

Separate Herring Island map in geometric forms

Print the map in A3 paper

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Cut the paper th

del of the pavilion. First, I separate the map of Herring Island in ese geometric forms. Then I cut the map through the lines. And edges to find the most suitable shape of my pavilion. Finally, my

hrough the lines

connect the heads of lines

connect the edge of each parts

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5.6 Final Design I choose the lowest region on the island because it can hide my pavilion in the back of the hill. The entrance of underground tunnel is just near the punt station. People can see the entrance immediately when they arrive the island. I want to design a travel line in the space because the site is used for playing. Visitors can start their journey at the entrance and go through the tunnel. There is a secret element placed at the end of the tunnel. When people walking along the tunnel, they can see it, but cannot touch it. The destination is the bright pavilion, where visitors can have a rest.

Floor Plan Scale 1: 200

C B

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I will locat my pavilion in the red valley.

Site plan Scale 1: 2000

C B

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Section AA Scale: 1: 50

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Section BB Scale: 1: 50

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Section CC Scale: 1: 50

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The pavilion is hidden behind the hill

The place of hiding secret.

Underground tunnel entrance

I want to display the elegance of the curves in my pavilion. Therefore, I will reference the material of the smooth and bright roof of Serpentine gallery in my pavilion. My pavilion will be constructed by bright glass-fibre textile.

Serpentine gallery. Architect: Zaha Hadid. Project year: 2013. Location: London, UK. 62

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The LED light inside UK pavilion at Expo 2010.

By referring from my mass drawing, there are several holes on the top of the tunnel to the hole. The picture can be displayed as a projection on the ground of the tunnel. The picture of Australian indigenous art on the wall. The road will be lightened by the beau

Australian indige

The LED light inside UK pavilion at Expo 2010.

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o bring in a light. The light will look like a projector. Some history picture of Herring Island will be placed on the top of e wall of the tunnel will be installed some LED lights, like the UK pavilion at Expo 2010. The colorful lights can combine a utiful image.

The hole can be used as a projector.

enous art

Mass drawing 65

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6.0 Final Reflection I understand the process of architectural design during the secret project. Site analysis is the start of designing. It is essential to visit the site at least twice. Widely researching can help us to realize the feature of the site. The tectonic of every site is unique. When we are designing the building, try to build for the particular site, which means the building can only be placed on the site. Like my initial idea of the bridge on Yarra River, some idea is restricted by the conditions of the site. Therefore, designing is a developing process. I was afraid to be wrong at the beginning. Now, I understand that mistakes are the steps of improvement, as long as the process is in the right direction. At the same time, I know that one strong concept is much greater than several small ideas. My first design was combined with some scattered points. The project became as a whole after I linked the point together. Meanwhile, precedents are excellent sources to support my design. There always be plenty of advantages of precedents that we can learn. The last aspect I want to advance is my graphic presentation skills. Models and drawings can perform my idea in reality.

Overall, I can see my improvement through the process of learning. The secret project is my first architectural design. It is a good start of my architectural study. I will keep the memory as treasure in my mind.

“A whole area of study is open for experiment of expendable systems and more flexible technology in terms of communication networks.�

------Archigram

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Bibliograohy: Archigram(1963). “Living City,” Living Arts, 02. As cited in Peter Cook, ed., Archigram (London: Studio Vista, 1972) Curtis, J. R. W, & Curtis, W(1982). Modern Architecture since 1900(second edition). London, UK: Phaidon Press.

Faughnan, B.(1995, May 4-7). THE ARCHITECTURE OF ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY: THEORY, FORM, AND FUNCTION IN THE HIGH FRONTIER. Space Studies Institute (SSI) and American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). p. 182-192 Frampton, K(2007). Modern Architecture: A Critical History(fourth edition). New York, USA: Thames & Hudson.

Ginthner, D(2008).Lighting: Its Effect on People and Spaces. Implications. 02(02).

Niemeyer, O(2000). My Architecture(first edition). Rio de Janeiro : Editora Revan.

Wikipediaorg. (2017). Wikipediaorg. Retrieved 4 June, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herring_Island_(Victoria)

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