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Spring 2025 | complimentary

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LAKEPORT LANDING MARINA Lakeport Landing Marina has enjoyed over 47 years of business in the Lakes Region. Our facility represents the finest example in Marine Sales and Service. Not only can Lakeport Landing Marina make the dream of owning a boat possible, but we will help you completely maintain and pamper your boat for as long as you own it.

65 GOLD STREET, LACONIA, NH ON LAKE WINNIPESAUKEE 603.524.3755 WWW.LAKEPORTLANDING.COM 2 • home • Spring 2025

home • Spring 2025 • 3

Creating the Perfect Garden Retreat

By Kathi Caldwell-Hopper

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285 Daniel Webster Highway - PO Box 881, Meredith, NH 03253 603-677-7007 John D. Peterson, Jr., Realtor Cell (603) 998-9871

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Everyone needs a place for peace and relaxation to get away from it all and be surrounded by nature.

If you wish to have an outdoor garden retreat area, start by choosing a spot fairly near your home. This allows easy access when making your way to the retreat with a coffee cup, maybe a good book or a snack in hand.

Should you be short on outdoor space, don’t give up; you can create a special outdoor retreat area if you are open to finding a spot. The retreat can be a simple area on your deck, where you can put up a trellis and cover it with vines, leaving room for a bench or easy chair in outdoor fabric. Add a chairside table and some potted plants, herbs, or vegetables in containers for the joy of being surrounded by living things. These are just a few of the design options for an outdoor area where you can relax in privacy.

John Moulton, owner of Moulton Farm in Meredith, says a garden retreat can be anywhere or anything you want it to be. He mentions, “I had a customer who once told me her tomato beds are her go-to place after she gets home from work.” This indeed shows that a garden retreat can be any place on the property that provides peace, relaxation, and a happy spot.

No matter the location or size, a retreat should first and foremost be a place that produces a feeling of relaxation that comes from being outdoors.

A special retreat could be a small greenhouse for those who love to garden and relax. The space is a bit of work to install and not inexpensive, but once in place, the greenhouse can provide a private haven with humid, fragrant air, plants and flowers of all kinds, and sun spilling in from the many windows.

When creating a garden retreat, you might decide to use the corner of an existing garden. Ask yourself what you want your garden to look like. Should it be just for you or a few people to enjoy after a hard day’s work or on a sunny afternoon on the weekend? What do you want for seating? If you plan to spend hours in your retreat, comfortable furniture – likely not a hard wooden bench – is the best option.

If the space is to be enjoyed by family, you will need plenty of seating, which requires more space to spread out.

Privacy should also be considered. If you don’t have a wall to enclose the space, you can create a special place by installing large potted shrubs or trees with greenery. You can get creative with placing containers on a wall for plantings. Planter boxes attached to the wall are an easy solution.

Should you plan to use the retreat in the evening, you will need lighting, so choose a spot near a home or garage electrical power outlet. Decide before creating your outdoor retreat what sort of lighting you want. Most retreat creators want something charming, like bistro lights strung from pole to pole or tree to tree. This provides lighting that is not glaring but rather creates a softer, charming atmosphere. Consider an outdoor fire pit or other small fire feature for atmosphere. However, be cautious and ensure it is kept away from shrubs or hanging trees. Always check with local fire codes before beginning to construct/create your retreat.

If you want an eclectic garden retreat and like the look of rustic features, consider adding antiques. Choose rustic items that will withstand the weather or can be placed in an area where water and the elements do not rust or damage them. Shutters

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placed thoughtfully in the retreat space add flair and interest to the location, as do old-fashioned garden tools such as well-used shovels, metal bedframes, and metal planters put on display.

Patty of Petal Pushers in Laconia has a large collection of such items for sale at an on-site antique center. Gardeners love the selection of old items collected by Patty for outdoor retreats. Any outdoor area can be embellished using antiques.

If you are unsure of the soil in the retreat area where you plan to add flowers, test the soil at the outset to determine what plants and growing things will do well. If the soil is not amenable to your design, switch to containers for growing flowers and vegetables.

Containers come in all sizes, and these days, there are many colorful options. Containers make gardening very easy and can be shifted from place to place in the retreat.

If there is too much sun in your garden retreat, add some shade. This can be done by planting a few trees, and a fruit tree is a good choice. You can also get a tall plant that will cover the area and provide shade. A pergola that you cover with vines or a colorful umbrella attached to a table is also a good choice to create shade.

Flowers and plants are a given in a retreat area, but you can go beyond the staple petunias and geraniums. Think about scent and color and add lavender or herb plantings. Herbs such as lemon mint, rosemary, thyme, and basil, among others, emit a nice scent.

For the more experienced garden retreat creator, adding a water fountain or waterfall is a nice idea. A fountain is easier to install than a waterfall and offers the relaxing sound of splashing water. Undoubtedly, a waterfall is far more creative and allows

for many options, such as a wall of moss with a spigot to flow the water.

Plantings add an exotic look around the waterfall floor.

Should you dream of a waterfall, conferring with a landscape expert before attempting such an ambitious project is advisable. The benefit of a water feature, however, cannot be disputed.

In keeping with water features, should you have the room and know-how, you can step things up a notch by adding a small pond. Imagine large rocks lining the pond and a variety of plantings, creating an outdoor oasis. Speak with a pet center or landscaper to learn what fish you can add to the pond. Before beginning to create a pond, you should also consider how to care for the water area in winter and how to care for any fish.

If the homeowner is considering creating a backyard oasis retreat, check out public gardens with hidden-away areas for ideas.

Some options in the Lakes Region and well beyond will give you inspiration. Outdoor Gardens: Kirkwood Gardens at Squam Lakes Natural Science Center at 900 U.S. Rt. 3, Holderness, 603-986-7194, Tarbin Gardens-321 Salisbury Rd., Franklin, NH 603-934-3518 (admission charge), John Hay Estate at the Fells-456 NH Rt. 103A, Newbury, NH 603-763-4789 (admission charge), Fuller Gardens-10 Willow Ave., North Hampton, NH 603-964-5414

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Maxfield Real Estate “We Care” Program Making a Difference in the Lakes Region At Maxfield Real Estate, giving back is not just something we do; it’s part of who we are. Established in 1999 to commemorate our 45th year in business, the “We Care” Program was created as a one-year initiative to support the communities that have trusted us for so many years. What began as a simple way to show gratitude has grown into a vital and enduring part of our mission to make the Lakes Region a better place.

Since 1999 theWe Care Program has raised over $1,611,958 for more than 459 local charities.

Through the “We Care” Program, a percentage of every commission dollar is donated to local non-profits serving our region. These funds go directly to organizations that enrich the quality of life for area residents and their families. Thanks to the ongoing commitment from Maxfield Real Estate’s management, sales agents, and loyal clients, this program has become a powerful force for good.

We’re proud to stand by our vision of supporting the communities that make the Lakes Region so special. Whether you’re buying or selling real estate, your partnership with us helps support a variety of worthy causes right here in our backyard.

Three Offices Dedicated to Serving You Maxfield Real Estate has been a trusted name in local real estate for over 70 years. With offices in Alton, Center Harbor, and Wolfeboro, we are always nearby to serve your real estate needs while continuing to support the people and organizations that make this area a wonderful place to live and work.

Join Us in Making a Difference

When you choose Maxfield Real Estate, you’re not just making a real estate decision – you’re helping us support the non-profit organizations that are the heart and soul of our community. Together, we can continue to make a positive impact that benefits families, neighborhoods, and future generations.

Visit us online or at one of our conveniently located offices to learn more about how the “We Care” Program is building stronger communities, one home at a time. Reach out today, and help us continue the tradition of caring.

Maxfield Real Estate – Right at Home in the Lakes Region ALTON: 603.875.3128 CENTER HARBOR 603.253.9360 WOLFEBORO: 603.569.3128

home • Spring 2025 • 7

A Spring Lawn Revitalization Strategy New growth is a hallmark of spring, whether it plays out in the birth of birds and bunnies or with the returned buds on trees and plant stalks. While most greenery rebounds naturally, lawns may need a little extra TLC in order to return to their once lush, green glory.

Revitalizing a lawn in spring is a multifaceted process but can be well worth the reward when green grass adds to a beautiful landscape and functional yard. Here is how to get started when the weather warms, courtesy of The Farmer’s Almanac and The Home Depot.

Clean up debris. Spend a few hours raking up leaves from the lawn and removing any other winter debris like twigs so that

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air can reach the grass below. Also, remove any thatch that has developed.

Test the soil. Take a sample of the soil to determine its pH level and nutrient needs. Then you can make adjustments to set a strong foundation for the lawn to grow.

Do some weeding. Pull out any weeds that have poked through early on and apply a pre-emergent herbicide to prevent additional weeds from taking over.

Start the aeration process. A core aerator punches holes into the soil. This enables air and water to penetrate through to the roots.

Overseed the lawn. Apply grass seeds over the lawn, paying special attention to any bare or thin areas so that the seed will fill in the lawn.

Water consistently. It is important to water the lawn deeply and consistently, especially when the weather is dry, to help promote strong root development.

Time fertilizer correctly. Apply a spring fertilizer around three weeks after the lawn starts to turn green or after the first two or three mowings. If fertilizer is applied too early it can feed weeds instead of the grass and result in fertilizer runoff.

Mow to an appropriate height. Begin to mow when the ground is dry enough and the grass is long enough to need cutting. Leave some length to the lawn; otherwise, sunlight will reach the soil and encourage weed seeds to germinate.

With a little elbow grease at the start of spring, homeowners can establish strong and healthy lawns. ~Metro

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Tips for the Gardening Beginner Gardening is a popular hobby all over the world. Ruby Home Luxury Real Estate estimates there are 71.5 million gardening households in the United States alone. That translates to around 185.9 million people engaged in some form of gardening, which places the U.S. among other countries where gardening is wildly popular, including Australia and China.

A greater number of people are showing interest in gardening, which is a rewarding hobby that’s good for the mind and the body. Those who are new to gardening may need a crash course to get started. These pointers can help anyone foster a newfound passion for gardening.

Choose the best location. Spend time in the yard and decide where to house a garden. A far-off corner may get the most sun, but will you forget about the garden if it is too far away? Ideally, the garden should be located where it will get at least six to eight hours of sun each day. There also should be a water source nearby. The spot also should be convenient so that it is easy to go and pick vegetables or prune flowers.

Start small. If you’re new to gardening, begin with a small garden footprint so that you can get your feet wet. A raised garden bed can be a good starting point because it is contained and easy to maintain. As your experience (and garden) grows, you can add to the garden size the next time around.

Amend the soil. It’s possible but unlikely that the soil in the backyard is the perfect mix to grow healthy plants. It’s more likely that the garden will need some soil modification. You can test the soil makeup with do-it-yourself kits or work with a garden

center. A garden typically requires a mix of compost to add nutrients to the dirt; peat moss or coconut coir to help with water retention and to make the soil lighter; and vermiculite that helps to retain water. A compost bin set up at the same time as the garden allows gardeners to continually produce nutrient-rich food to add to the garden.

Plant starter guide. It’s best to keep a few things in mind when planning the garden. Think about what will grow well in your climate. Consider how big the garden will be and the size of mature plants. A small garden will not be able to accommodate corn, for example. Also, how would you like the space to look and what will be its function? Is this a purely aesthetic garden or one that will be food-bearing?

Start seeds inside. If you’ll be starting a garden from seeds, it’s best to start indoors before your region’s frost-free date. This way the delicate plants will get the needed care and can be established before they go outdoors in the ground. Keep them humid by covering the seedlings in plastic wrap. You can start the seeds in different containers, even empty egg cartons. Transplant to larger containers after the seedlings grow a second set of leaves.

Once you’re free from overnight frost, you can place the established, strong seedlings in the ground.

An automatic watering system, such as a timer hooked up to the sprinkler, can keep the garden well-watered, which increases the chances of success. Then it will only be a matter of weeks before the garden can be enjoyed throughout the season. ~Metro

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thing I do regardless of the time of year and the temperature is outdoor grilling. Yup, it’s true I don’t grill as often in winter as I do during the spring, summer, and fall, but I’m still out there 2-3 times a week all winter. Grills take a lot of abuse over the year, especially my grill. Whether you are an avid griller or just an occasional one, every grill needs some TLC, and this is the perfect time of year to do just that. I do know a couple of friends who do it in the fall when they know they aren’t grilling in the winter, but I feel confident that 90% of the grill crowd do this in the spring, like most spring cleanings all households plan on. Cleaning is not a favorite thing to do for anyone, but I love cleaning the grill because I’m outside on a nice day with my favorite music blaring and often with a cold beer. To me, that’s a great recipe for a very relaxing day. Sure, it’s a messy job, especially if you grill a lot, but it’s all for the perfect cause: eating yummy food on a beautiful summer day with family and friends.

A grill runs better and more efficiently when it is cleaned from the inside out. A couple of hours is usually all it takes to make sure your grill is running in tip-top shape. The age and quality of your grill and how often you use it will dictate it’s longevity.

So, one of the first decisions you make is to ensure it’s worth the effort or if you should just buy a new one. I usually grab another about every 3-4 years since I grill so often. The better the quality of grill you buy, the longer life you’ll get out of it. Even if you don’t need a new barbie, there is a real good chance you will need new parts for it, in particular, the burners. Depending on the foods you grill and how fatty they are, those holes on the burners can clog up and once they solidify, it’s harder to keep a steady flame. The burners are fairly easy to clean, but sometimes they don’t last as long as the actual grill. Any quality hardware store

a By Chef Kelly Ross e l g C Happy Springtime Lakes

Region! As we start getting into the warm weather, the summertime hobbies kick into full gear. Between the jogging community, bicyclists, motorcyclists, the fishing and swimming crowd and those hiking the many trails we have to offer, these are enough to keep everyone smiling. One

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can take care of you finding replacement burners, or any parts that are needed.

I will admit that before I started cooking professionally, I quite often never gave my grill a spring cleaning, but I was young. Big Mistake! Even if you grill just a few times a summer, a good spring cleaning will result in a much more efficiently cooking grill. It’s amazing how much gunk can accumulate in the small holes of the burner to prevent the flames from getting through.

Whatever was in those holes over the winter froze right in there, and although the warm weather will help get those holes open again, with a little work on your part, a cleaning done right will almost be like having a new grill. That gunk will also be on the bottom of the grill and the grease/drip pan will likely be pretty gross. You may even find small pieces of food that fell through the grates while cooking last year. It really can be pretty disgusting, so not only will a good cleaning give you a more efficient grill, it’s nice to have a clean looking grill. Most of what we cook on a grill has a high fat content, and that equals a greasy grill, which is a potential fire hazard as well.

A great general rule of thumb is to pick a nice spring day to spend outside for a few hours to get your grill good and clean.

Let’s keep in mind that your grill will not look brand new when done being cleaned, but more importantly, it will run more like a brand-new grill. I’m not saying you can’t get most of the outside of the grill much cleaner, but priority one is making sure the inside of it and all parts are clean. Running marvelous is better than looking marvelous. Watch the weather report and find what is going to be a nice day and plan to have all or most of the following on hand so you won’t have to run away in the middle of cleaning because you spaced grabbing something.

Tools Needed: Brand-new high-quality grill brush Thick cleaning gloves as well as thin surgical style gloves Narrow nylon paint scraper Bottle of grease cutting cleaner/Degreaser Spray can of oven cleaner 1-2 rolls paper towels Small skewer, like a shish kabob skewer, ideally metal, but wooded works Tarp to avoid all the grease ending up the ground or grass Bucket of hot water as well as a hose Stainless scrubber 1-2 yellow/green small sponges Potholders Wear beat-up clothes as you will likely be a dirty mess when you are through.

The first thing I do is the day before the actual cleaning. I turn the grill onto a high heat and let it go for an hour. This will help loosen everything up in there, which will help the cleaning process big time the day after. Once I turn off the heat, I will brush the grates down as best as I can. They are going to be hot. Once done, carefully and with potholders, flip the grates and brush the underneath of them as well. Set aside. Depending on where you have established your cleaning area, it may not be a bad idea to set up a tarp on the ground to work on. It could get messy, and you will be dealing with chemicals. If you own a dog or an outside cat, it’s a good precautionary step. Animals are curious about new smells, and I live cautiously when it comes to my animals. Make sure your propane tank has been removed and put far away. Then, get a bucket of hot soapy water. I always start on

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the outside. With a great degreaser, spray all over the outside and let sit for a minute. With your heavy gloves on, wipe with a hot sponge and paper towels. Repeat the process at least one more time. It won’t be perfect, but getting all the grease off is your main objective here. Now for the big job, the inside of the grill.

The first thing is to remove and brush the flavorizer bars, also called V-shaped bars, which serve as burner covers. They are the units directly over the burners. Brush/clean them outside of the grill so the pieces are not falling into the burner. Check the inside of them. It is amazing how so much can get up under them.

Once completely cleaned, set aside.

Most propane grills have a removable burner or burners. They are generally rectangular in shape, except with rounded corners and many small little holes from which the flames come out.

Remove these and let them soak in very hot water for a while.

Once you take them out of the water, brush them to loosen up as much stuff as you can around the holes. Then, hold it upside down and tap the burners from the backside again to help loosen anything in the holes to knock them out. Now, ideally with a small metal skewer, or a wooden one, start to poke in the holes, trying to clean them out as best as possible. If you use something wooden, be careful so you do not snap them off in the holes. Do it as gently as possible. Again, hold it upside down and tap again to knock out what might be left in there. Set aside. Depending on how badly the burners are clogged, you may have to repeat the process. If the burners are not removable, do your best to clean them using your brush and spray with oven cleaner to help the process and then rinse thoroughly.

We are almost there. With the nylon paint scraper, chisel away at the walls inside and the bottom to loosen up all the grease and

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carbon within, as well as under the lid/hood. The hood is often neglected when cleaning. Most grillers do so with the lid down quite often while cooking. When crud gets thick under there and you close the lid while grilling, quite often some of that grossness can fall on your food. If it’s really gunked on in any areas, spray with oven cleaner and let that sit for a while to let it work its magic, according to the directions on the can. Then with a hose, spray out the inside and then scrape the junk that is still left behind. Make sure you are wearing heavy gloves if you use the oven cleaner. Try to push as much of the debris as possible into the drip pan and then remove the pan. I suggest getting a new drip pan to start every year as they do get gross and are cheap to replace. I go through a few of them every summer. Now, place a garbage can or bag underneath the grill and push the remaining debris through the hole into the garbage can or scoop it out from the inside using a dustpan. Once all the dirtiness is gone, I sometimes give it one last shower with the hose in case there are a few remnants of grease still banging around.

At this point, reassemble the grill. Slide in the drip pan, put the burners back in as well, then the flavorizer bars. Put the grates back on and keep the lid open for a while to let it breathe.

Before grilling for the first time, turn the grill and let it burn for 15-20 minutes or so to help burn off the cleaning process. Not only is it important to do a burn prior to cooking, but you will also notice how much better and more efficiently the grill will run. Your grill may not look brand new, but it will certainly work like a brand-new grill again. Follow these steps and you’ll be on your way to a very successful grilling season.

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603.437.4HOG • GroundhogNorth.com home • Spring 2025 • 15

How to Decide Between a Deck or Pavers Outdoor living spaces have become sought-after commodities among homeowners. A 2022 survey of homeowners conducted by the New Home Trends Institute found that open yards are less appealing to home buyers than they once were. The survey noted that just 28 percent of respondents chose open yards, while 65 percent preferred patios and 55 percent chose decks. Green spaces remain popular, but the survey indicates that many would-be home buyers also want an outdoor living area to make the most of their home exteriors.

Homeowners aspiring to transform their home exterior spaces typically must decide between a deck or pavers when the time comes to plan such areas. That’s a personal choice homeowners must make, but those without strong feelings on either option can consider these tips as they try to decide if a deck or pavers are for them.

Determine your budget. Budget is a notable variable with any home renovation project, and the addition of an outdoor living space is no exception. The materials homeowners choose will ultimately determine the cost of each project. For example, composite decking materials tend to cost significantly more than wood decks, but that higher price tag also comes with less maintenance and typically a longer life span. Pavers may prove less expensive than composite decking, but those cost savings may be negligible if a yard requires extensive excavation to prepare an area for a new patio. It requires patience, but gathering estimates of the various materials can serve as a good starting point when planning an outdoor living space. In addition, homeowners must recognize that material costs can fluc-

tuate considerably over time, as such prices are often contingent on a range of variables, including supply chain issues. So it’s best to gather estimates in a short period of time to make the most accurate price comparisons.

Identify your vision for the space. Homeowners who have a vision for their outdoor living space, even if they are not sure about which material they prefer, may find the process goes more quickly and even more smoothly than those who are unsure about what they want. Those who prefer a flexible multi-use space may be best going with pavers, as the spaces can be easily converted and areas simply designated as one might differentiate between rooms inside the home. For example, an outdoor living room can be separated with the installation of a pavilion and fireplace, while kitchen and dining areas can be separate spaces on the same patio. Decks tend to be less flexible, which might make them ideal for homeowners who prefer an outdoor dining area but don’t need a more expansive entertaining space. Of course, decks can be as big as homeowners choose, which can make the spaces more multi-functional.

Recognize both may be in your best interest. Homeowners also should know that many outdoor living spaces feature both a deck and a paver patio. Homeowners may like an elevated deck that steps down to a patio, which can easily distinguish between the spaces and establish the area as a multifunctional space.

Homeowners planning outdoor living space projects may find themselves choosing between a deck and pavers. Each option can work, and homeowners may even want to combine the two. ~Metro

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Butterflies and Bees: Contributing to a Healthy Ecosystem

By Mike Moore

veryone gets that exciting feeling when a new season arrives. During springtime in New Hampshire, the warmer weather, the bluer skies, and the greener landscape couldn’t be more welcome to people after navigating the cold and icy winters. But for the bees and butterflies of the region, spring and the opportunity for pollination is essential to their survival and a better environment for all. For decades now, the population of pollinators like bees and butterflies have been in decline due to many factors but residents of our region can do their part to help through protecting the existing population and attracting a larger number of these important insects to migrate here by planting gardens with an abundance of pollinator-friendly plants and flowers.

According to the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, population decline in pollinating insects in New Hampshire, as well as throughout North America, is related to factors such as climate change, pesticide use, habitat loss, and an increase of invasive species from outside the region. Over three-quarters of the plant-based products and food for consumption produced utilize pollinated plants and flowers. Essentially, pollinators are a key component to human survival. Currently, there are over 130 native species of butterflies and nearly 140 species of native bees in the White Mountain and Lakes Region. The Monarch butterfly and the American bumble bee are two native pollinators in our area that have been identified as species with the greatest need for conservation, with the hopes of preserving and increasing their population here in the Northeast. These important species have an easy path to being properly conserved, and much of the

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power lies with those living in our communities. Maintaining a welcoming environment for these pollinators has compounding benefits. The New Hampshire Audubon organization cites that “adult butterflies are important pollinators, larvae can be major herbivores, and all life stages provide food to other wildlife species.”

For human beings, a proper diet is the foundation of health, happiness, and longevity. When bees and butterflies get their dietary needs met consistently, that also improves the health of humans while also giving a boost to the local ecosystem and environment.

Having plenty of options to choose from in the local backyards and gardens gives these insects the best likelihood to get the pollen and/or nectar they need to survive year-round.

By growing plants and flowers native to Northern New England, gardeners give butterflies and bees food from sources that have evolved with them over time, which is the ideal situation for pollination. When plants from outside the area are introduced to gardens, they create an invasive environment that not only affects the native plants but have a negative impact on the local biodiversity.

Planting a wide variety of local flowers and plants is a terrific way to entice the pollinators to the backyard. New Hampshire is the perfect place to enjoy the bloom of pollen-rich nature from the first day of spring through the deep frost of the late fall, perfect for these pollinating insects. Many plants will stay

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alive the entire season, and plenty of other options with a shorter lifespan have different peak blooming times, allowing homeowners to keep an abundance of flowers and their nectar available.

Another good way to attract pollinating insects is to plant flowers densely, providing ample nectar for the insects without the need for them to hunt all over the neighborhood for proper feeding. An added personal benefit to keeping the planting area in tighter quarters is that it is much easier and less expensive to maintain. Many conservationists recommend creating a little extra free time in the fall by skipping out on cleaning up the plant material. This creates a compost that is beneficial to the insects, helpful to the environment, and helps improve grass and plant growth. For those seeking out all of the low-maintenance advantages, allowing the clover and dandelions in the yard to grow and sustain instead of clearing them out immediately will give that much more nectar for the bees and butterflies to get the nutrients they need.

Wildflowers are an inexpensive way to provide a large amount of pollen and nectar to bees and butterflies. The perennials native to this region include, but are not limited to, Wild Bergamot, Sunflowers, Milkweed, and Wild Indigo. There are several annual plants that make great pollinating plants. Sweet alyssum and borage are a couple of choices that work well. Rosemary, chive, and catmint plants are great for spicing up dinnertime, but also improve dinnertime for bees

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and butterflies. Fruit trees, apple, plum, and cherry in particular, are also a rich source of nectar. These are particularly effective for feeding the insects in the fall months, when many other flowers and plants start to die out. The iconic Maple trees, both the red and sugar varieties, are excellent sources of pollen in the early spring. So, growing and maintaining the bee and butterfly population will further improve the local ecosystem.

Pesticides are a quick and easy way to shape the look of the yard and to get rid of unwelcome pests in the garden, but their usage can cause serious interference to the pollination process while also damaging the environment. Insecticides are also commonly used products that can interrupt bees and butterflies from getting the pollen they need. For those who cannot maintain their gardens chemical-free, it’s recommended to apply the chemicals carefully and after petals have fallen, ensuring

there are not any of the pollinating insects looking to fuel up on a flower that might be affected. Keeping up a beautiful and plentiful garden without pesticides or insecticides doesn’t take much effort, however. The local hardware store offers plenty of humane critter removal devices, and simply spraying down the plants and flowers with the hose on a low flow setting will keep your garden a welcome restaurant throughout the spring, summer, and fall for the local insects. The Environmental Protection Agency website provides useful information to help protect the pollination process.

If residents throughout the local communities are passionate about their pollination options, certification programs are available from the University of New Hampshire so your “pollinator friendly” garden can help you join the fight to protect the environment. Those wanting to contribute on a smaller level can download mobile apps like eButterfly and iNaturalist to notate local sightings. Outfits such as the North American Butterfly Association and the New Hampshire Beekeepers Association perpetuate the efforts to get bumble bees and Monarch butterflies back to better migration numbers with the help of community members enacting these simple efforts. Whether the garden is a weekend pastime or one that is attended to with vigorous passion, plants and flowers with great sources of pollen throughout the warmer seasons not only improve the environment and beautify the neighborhood but also provide a pivotal life source for the local bee and butterfly population throughout the Northeast.

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Activities That Promote Cognitive Health Maintaining physical health as a body ages is an important consideration and often one of the first things that comes to mind when people think about being healthy. Yet physical health is only one component of a healthy lifestyle; individuals also must pay attention to what they do to promote cognitive health.

A 2023 study from the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the National Institutes of Health indicated that some decline in cognitive abilities is a natural part of the aging process.

Attention, memory, executive cognitive function, language, and visuospatial abilities all exhibit measurable declines with age, according to the study.

Just because some measure of cognitive impairment occurs as the years march on doesn’t mean that seniors are powerless against Father Time. Certain behaviors and activities can help improve cognition.

Physical activity: It is important to stay physically active, not only for the body but also for the brain. Harvard Health says research shows when animals exercise regularly, the number of tiny blood vessels that bring oxygen-rich blood to the brain increases.

More oxygen can reach an area of the brain that is responsible for thought and help improve brain function. Exercise also lowers blood pressure, cholesterol levels and blood sugar, all of which can be beneficial to the brain.

Engage in relaxing activities: People who are depressed, sleep-deprived or anxious tend to score poorly on cognitive function tests.

While this may not be an indicator of cognitive decline, it is important to engage in behaviors that promote happiness and restfulness for mental health. Meditation, yoga, deep breathing exercises, and activities that help a person smile and laugh can be good for the brain.

Participate in stimulating activities: Stimulating activities, like word games, gardening, dancing, or playing a musical instrument, can help maintain cognitive function and enhance memory, says Healthline. Doing things that require mental effort can help stimulate and maintain cognitive function and may also improve emotional well-being.

Read more often: Various studies indicate that reading can promote strong mental health. In addition to keeping a person entertained or informed, reading exercises the brain. There are new words to learn, new scenarios to imagine and locations to envision.

Sharing a summary of what was read with others also helps work the brain in different ways, all of which are good for cognitive health.

Make new recipes: Browsing through a recipe, shopping for the ingredients, putting the ingredients together, and producing the finished product can all work the brain. A person is reading, engaging in math, predicting the results, and utilizing the senses during the process of cooking.

Various activities can promote strong cognitive health and may help to reduce or delay cognitive decline through the years. ~Metro

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Unique Grilling Recipes for Appetizers & Small Bites

By Chef Kelly Ross

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One of my favorite parts of this time of year is that I get to give my grill a good workout regularly for the next 6 months or so as 75% of my meals at home come off the barbie. Once the weather gets really hot, why would anyone want to turn on their oven every night to cook dinner? Not me, I know that much. I grew up with a family that grilled a lot, where we did do quite a bit of camping, which is always a grill-friendly situation, plus skiing, where we would also grill in the parking lots very often, and yes, always at home. Those habits from many sides of my family rubbed off on me in a big way. Maybe because it makes food better or maybe from a nostalgic mentality, but regardless, I’m all about the grilling.

Let’s talk food! Everything today is dedicated to the grill, and I’m focusing on smaller foods and appetizers. I love a variety of good appetizers, and although I don’t go out to eat a ton, when I do, I usually focus on the apps. Not being a big dessert kind of guy, I will focus on an app and dinner with no dessert, or depending on the app options, I’ll have an app as an app and then a couple more apps for dinner. Yes, I’m a fan. I have a couple of grilled wing recipes, a shrimp and bacon quesadilla, a pizza, 2 incredible grilled crostini options, as well as a couple with grilled fruit, which is one of those things that many never think of. Many fruits and berries off the grill make for phenomenal options. Speaking of which, let’s start with a grilled peach salad. Peaches are in my top 3 of all grilled fruits. Peaches and pears off the grill are amazing on a salad and with the other fun ingredients on this one, I feel confident it will become a frequent flyer in your summer salad repertoire. This will get you 4-5 salads and prepare you to be wowed. You can have these made in 15 minutes or so, and the maple balsamic dressing for this will become a huge favorite to

use on many salads; in fact, you may want to consider multiplying the dressing recipe for future use.

Grilled Peach Salad For The Salad 4 medium peaches, sliced 5 oz or more of arugula 1 ½ cups blueberries ½ cup pecans 2 oz or more of feta cheese, crumbled For The Dressing ¼ cup olive oil 2 tbsp or more maple syrup 2 tbsp or more white balsamic vinegar ½ tsp sea salt ¼ tsp black pepper Preheat the grill to medium to medium-high heat. Spray or brush the grill with oil. Place the peach slices on the grill in a single layer. Grill 3-5 minutes per side, depending on their size, without moving except to flip once, until the peaches are soft with light grill marks. Meanwhile, in a small bowl, whisk together the dressing ingredients until the oil is emulsified. In a large bowl, on a serving platter, or in individual bowls, arrange the arugula, grilled peaches, blueberries, pecans, and feta. Drizzle the dressing over the salad and toss to coat. A simple but elegant winner!

I’m going to continue with another grilled peach recipe, this one for a crostini with mascarpone and cheese and a drizzle of honey. For those not familiar with crostini, it’s a slice of grilled baguette that is then topped with something delicious and fun. In this case, it gets balsamic glaze and fresh mint as well. The combo of flavors will be another successful option for your crowd. This

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will get you 2 dozen pieces, and you can have these made in 20 minutes.

Grilled Peach Crostini with Mascarpone and Honey 4 peaches, pitted and sliced into wedges, just underripe is best 2 tbsp extra virgin olive oil 1 long baguette, sliced into 24 even slices 8 oz mascarpone cheese ¼ cup extra virgin olive oil Honey for drizzling Balsamic glaze for drizzling 1 tbsp chopped fresh mint Set your greased grill to medium heat. Brush each peach wedge with olive oil. Grill the peach wedges approximately 3 minutes per side, or so until both sides are charred with grill marks. Brush oil over one side of each of the baguette slices and grill oiled side down for 1-2 minutes, brushing the tops with oil while grilling.

Turn and cook for another 1-2 minutes until both sides are lightly toasted. Remove from heat. To assemble the crostini’s, layer the slices with about 1 tsp of mascarpone, then a grilled peach slice, a drizzle of honey, a small drizzle of balsamic, and then a pinch of fresh mint. Very delectable, indeed!

I have one more crostini option for you and this may be the crème de la crème of the day. Thinsliced beef tenderloin is what tops the sliced baguette in this one, with an incredible Parmesan cream sauce over the top. This one screams, “I belong in a 5-star restaurant.” If you can get your local butcher to thinly slice the beef tenderloin for you, it is all the better but even if not, you can

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easily make this happen. Now, I know the price of the tenderloin is high end, but you won’t need more than a couple of pounds, and, if you care to, you can use another cut of beef if you care to. I never mentioned this in the last recipe, but the baguette slices can be done in your oven if need be, especially if the weather stinks.

As for the beef, that can be done on the grill or in a skillet on the stovetop, but ideally, use the grill. The sauce for this will need a skillet, so if you have a burner on your grill, I suggest you do that if cooking the rest of it outside as well. This again will get 2 dozen pieces and will take more like a half hour to put together.

Beef Tenderloin Crostini with Parmesan Cream Sauce 1 long baguette, sliced into 24 equal-sized pieces 1 ½ -2 lbs beef tenderloin, thinly sliced 2 tbsp olive oil Salt and pepper to taste 1 cup heavy cream ½ cup grated Parmesan cheese 1 tbsp fresh thyme leaves 2 cloves garlic, minced 1 tbsp butter In a skillet on medium heat, add butter and garlic, sautéing until fragrant, about 1 minute.

Stir in heavy cream, Parmesan cheese, and thyme. Cook, stirring frequently, until the sauce thickens slightly, for about 3-4 minutes. Leave it on very low heat. Preheat your grill to high and grease the grates well. Repeat the process to grill the crostini from the last recipe. Season the beef tenderloin slices with salt and pepper.

Add the beef slices to the grill and lightly sear

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quickly on each side. Set aside. To assemble, place a slice of beef on each toasted baguette slice. Spoon a generous amount of Parmesan cream sauce over the beef. Garnish with additional thyme if desired. So good!

OK, those first 3 recipes do have a flare for the elegant to them, so let’s get down and dirty with the next couple and let’s bust out some wings. Wings are easily my favorite part of the chicken and arguably my favorite “go to” when I’m in the mood for a great messy appetizer or as a meal on some occasions. I have a glazed wing to share, but this first one is dry-rub southwestern wing that I usually dip into sour cream when it’s time to eat them, although the usual blue cheese or ranch dressings work like a charm as well.

This batch is called firecracker wings to double down on the spice level, which is easy enough to alter if you want to lighten it up some. These are so succulent and are amazing with their smokey spices that when combined with the flavors from the grill, you’ll end up with a very popular recipe. When it comes to wings, I generally only use fresh whole wings, as opposed to frozen and/ or separated wings into drumettes and flats. I love the whole wing, like most Chinese restaurants do, where the tip is folded underneath, so the wing is formed into a triangle. They are usually juicier when whole as opposed to separated, where they can dry out.

This recipe is for 2 ½-3 lbs of wings, usually 12-14 whole wings, which is 2 dozen plus wings once ripped apart at eating time.

Cooking time is less than a half hour and marinating time is 2-24 hours. The longer, the better of those options.

Grilled Firecracker Chicken Wings 2 ½-3 lbs of fresh whole wings, usually 12-14 wings 2 tbsp olive oil 2 tbsp chili powder 1 ½ tsp dried oregano leaves 1 ¼ tsp ground cayenne pepper 1 tsp garlic salt 1 ½ tsp ground cumin 1 tsp pepper Sour cream, blue cheese or ranch dressing for dipping Fold tips of chicken wings under opposite ends to form triangles. Place the remaining ingredients, except sour cream, in a bowl and stir well to combine. Place the folded wings in a heavy-duty resealable plastic food-storage bag and dump in the seasonings from the bowl. Seal bag and shake well to coat the wings. Refrigerate for at least 2 hours and no longer than 24 hours. If doing so for more than a few hours, make a point of rotating the bag as needed so the wings are coated evenly. Heat your grill to high heat and spray down well with pan release spray. Remove chicken from bag. Put the chicken on the grill, drop the heat to medium, and put the lid down. Stay close by in case of fire flare-ups, considering the fat content in the chicken, and cook for 20-25 minutes, turning every 6-7 minutes, until they are cooked through. Once off the grill, let them sit for 5 minutes before ripping them apart.

Serve with sour cream and enjoy the great flavors.

The next wing is marinated in a glaze for 24 hours and basted with more of the glaze while grilling. The glaze is a combo of sweet, salty and tangy that makes for another great batch of wings. Again, I prefer to cook the wings whole, but if preferred, feel free to cut them at the joint to separate the halves, plus cut the tips off as there is nothing worthwhile there to eat. Make sure they are thawed and patted dry if using frozen. You want the same number of wings for this recipe and cooking time is also the same.

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2 cups of ketchup 2/3 cup reduced-sodium soy sauce 3 tsp honey 1 ½ tsp ground ginger 1 tsp garlic powder 3 lbs of ideally fresh chicken wings (although frozen will work) Sliced green onions Blue cheese or ranch dressing Again, fold the tip underneath, forming a triangle to cook whole or cut each wing into 2 pieces. In a small bowl, combine the first 5 ingredients. Put the wings in a large ziplock and pour half the marinade into the bag and turn them to coat them evenly. Refrigerate for at least 4 hours or ideally overnight, again rotating the bag as needed every few hours. Cover and refrigerate the remaining marinade for basting. Once time to grill, preheat it to a medium-high heat and generously spray with pan release spray.

Drain the wings and dispose of the marinade and place them on the grill for 4-5 minutes. Pour the unused marinade into a large Tupperware tub of sorts with a cover, large enough to hold all of the wings. After 4-5 minutes, carefully turn the wings and repeat the previous process. Once they have been on the grill for 10 minutes and on both sides, put the wings in the tub, cover it and shake it well for a few seconds to baste them. At this point, I usually scrape my grill and spray it again. Pop the wings back on for another 3-4 minutes, turn them over, and cook for another 3-5 minutes until fully cooked. I pop them back in the tub and give them another shake, place them back on the grill for another 3-4 minutes, and pull off the grill and put on a platter. Top with the chopped scallions and serve with your choice of dressing and a

bunch of paper towels. These are very good and a great change of pace from the usual wing options.

If you have never cooked a pizza on the grill, you are in for a treat. I know some are intimidated by the thought of cooking fresh pizza dough on the barbie, but this one is completely mistake-proof as this one uses a store-bought flatbread. No body can mess that up, right? Like any pizza recipe, feel free to change up the toppings if that is your desire, but I do love this sausage and fresh basil pizza. The size flatbread you buy will dictate how many servings you’ll get. I personally make at least 4 of these at a time for my friends and family, which will serve 4 as most people. I know can eat a whole flatbread. These can be made in less than 30 minutes, even less if you don’t use the grilled sausage that is used for this.

Grilled Sausage-Basil Pizzas 1 lb Italian sausage links, 4 sausages at 4 oz each 4 naan flatbreads or whole pita breads ¼ cup olive oil 1 cup or more tomato basil pasta sauce 2 cups or more of shredded mozzarella cheese ½ cup grated Parmesan cheese ½ cup thinly sliced fresh basil Grill sausages over medium heat until done, 10-12 minutes, turning occasionally. After a few minutes to let them cool a little, cut into ¼ inch slices. Brush both sides of the flatbreads with oil.

Grill the flatbreads, covered, over medium heat until bottoms are lightly browned, 2-3 minutes. Remove from grill. Flip them over and layer grilled sides with sauce, sausage, cheeses and basil. Return to grill and cook, covered, until cheese is melted, 2-3 minutes

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longer. Getting the smokey grill flavor will add great pop to these yummy pizzas. Cut accordingly, depending on your crowd.

I know I sound like I love all appetizers, and yes, that point is valid. From one day to the next, my favorite app is the one that is in front of my face. Yes, I love a quesadilla w/ grilled chicken or beef with veggies, but this one is over the top for me. Grilled shrimp and bacon with delicious homemade guacamole with chipotle peppers is why this one makes this an absolute winner for me. This one goes together quickly as there is nothing in the mix here that takes long to make. Just a few minutes on a hot grill will give shrimp and scallions a wonderful charred, smoky flavor, making an incredible filling for crisp and gooey quesadillas. The smoky flavor is echoed in the guacamole, which is made with chipotle peppers in adobo. This is truly a winner. This recipe makes 4 quesadillas which in my circle will feed 4, but more depending on your crowd. Feel free to add grilled or sauteed veggies to this if that is your style.

Grilled Shrimp, Scallion, and Bacon Quesadillas with Smoky Guacamole 2 tbsp olive oil, plus more for frying tortillas 8 or more strips thick-sliced bacon, cut into ½-inch pieces 1 lb large raw shrimp, 16/20 in size are perfect, peeled and deveined 2 garlic cloves, minced Kosher salt Freshly ground black pepper 4 scallions 4 flour tortillas, 12 inches in diameter each 12 oz, about 3 cups shredded Jack cheese

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Smoky Guacamole 2 large ripe avocados ½ medium onion, finely chopped 1 canned chipotle pepper in adobo sauce, finely chopped. The adobo sauce is a great addition 2 tbsp fresh lime juice ½ cup chopped fresh cilantro leaves Kosher salt Heat 1 tbsp of the olive oil in a medium skillet over medium heat. When the oil is hot, add the chopped bacon and fry until crisp. Transfer the bacon to a plate lined with paper towels. Heat your oiled grill to a medium-high setting. Place the shrimp, garlic, remaining tablespoon of oil, and salt and pepper in a medium bowl and toss to combine. When the grill is hot, use tongs to place the shrimp and scallions across the grates. Cook until the shrimp are pink and firm, 2-3 minutes on per side, and the scallions are charred and softened, turning them as necessary for even cooking.

Transfer the shrimp and scallions to a plate to cool briefly, then coarsely chop both ingredients, toss them together in a clean bowl, and cover to keep warm. Drop the heat of your grill to medium.

Cook the tortillas for 30 seconds, then flip them. You will likely have to grill 2 at a time. Once flipped, cover each tortilla with 1/4 of cheese. Arrange a quarter of the shrimp-and-garlic mixture and a quarter of the bacon over one half of each and fold the tortilla over. Press down gently with a spatula and cook the tortilla for a minute or so on each side, to melt cheese and crisp, then cut each quesadilla into 4-5 wedges, and transfer to plates with your spatula. For the guacamole, peel and pit the avocados, and place them in a medium bowl. Add the onion, chipotle pepper with adobo,

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lime juice, and cilantro, and mash together with a fork until combined but still chunky. Season to taste with salt. Top the quesadilla wedges with liberal amounts of the smoky guacamole. If you want to bring sour cream into the equation at serving time, bring it on. If the weather isn’t right, you can make these in your kitchen, but I do suggest the grill if and when depending on the situation.

Let’s end today with grilled strawberry kabobs paired with a chocolate balsamic drizzle that are outstanding regardless of when you eat them. These are simple and yummy. These will take you 10 minutes to prep and another 10 or so to grill. This recipe is for 1 lb of strawberries which should feed 4 of you.

Grilled Strawberry Kabobs 1 lb fresh strawberries 2-3 tsp or more espresso balsamic 2-3 tsp or more chocolate syrup

Wash the berries, leaving them whole with the stems intact. Let them dry. Combine the chocolate syrup and espresso balsamic in a bowl and set aside. Heat the grill to a medium heat and spray with pan release spray. Place the washed strawberries on skewers, but do not crowd them. Try to group the same size berries together when skewering. Place the skewers on the oiled grill. Cook for about 8-9 minutes, depending on the size of the berries. Be sure to turn several times, so all sides get nice grill marks. Berries are done when they are warm and nicely charred. Remove from the grill and place them on a serving tray. Drizzle with the balsamic glaze mixture and enjoy.

Have the best spring and summer, my foodie friends, and make sure you keep your taste buds happy and smiling. If you ever care to reach out with any questions or feedback, please reach out at fenwaysox10@gmail.com Veteran’s Discount

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The Benefits of Lighting Up Your Landscape Homeowners know there’s no shortage of ways to tweak a property. Some homeowners may lament that the work associated with home ownership is never done, but owning a house also provides endless opportunities to upgrade the spaces people call home.

Landscape lighting has become increasingly popular in recent years. That popularity is undoubtedly due to a number of variables, and each highlights the benefit of installing landscape lighting around a property.

Affordability: Some may think of big-budget projects like kitchen remodels or room additions when pondering home renovations. Such projects can have a dramatic impact on the look and feel of a home, but landscape lighting can be equally transformative at a fraction of the cost of larger undertakings.

The home renovation experts at Angi.com estimate the average landscape lighting project costs around $4,000, making affordability a notable benefit of the project.

Appearance: There’s no denying the aesthetic appeal of a well-lit landscape at night. Landscape lighting can be utilized to draw attention to awe-inspiring components of a landscape, whether it’s natural features like gardens and foliage or manmade components like architectural features. Improved appearance can increase curb appeal, which is often associated with how a home looks during daylight hours. But photographs of a well-lit nighttime landscape can impress buyers as well.

Cost savings: Landscape lighting might help homeowners re-

duce the cost of their homeowners’ insurance. Researchers at PolicyGenius.com found that insurance companies typically offer a discount of 2 to 5 percent to homeowners who install a home security system. Insurance providers may offer additional savings to homeowners who pair such systems with landscape lighting, which can be a deterrent to burglars who prefer to operate under a cloak of darkness.

Safety: Insurance firms may discount premiums due to landscape lighting because they view it as a deterrent to potential criminals. But landscape lighting also makes moving around a property at night safer for residents and guests. Lighting can be used to illuminate walkways, outdoor living rooms, patios around pools, and other areas where residents and guests will be walking at night, which can reduce the risk of falls and injuries that may result from such spills.

ROI: Savvy homeowners consider a renovation’s return on investment before deciding to go forward with a project. Studies vary, but the National Association of Realtors indicates landscape lighting can recoup as much as 70 percent of homeowners’ investment in the project at resale. When viewed through the lens of ROI, the cost of installing landscape lighting is even less.

Landscape lighting adds notable aesthetic appeal to a home at a fraction of the cost of other renovation projects. The benefits such lighting provides make the project one every homeowner can consider. ~Metro

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Gardening Safety for Seniors Longer hours of daylight and warming temperatures are hallmarks of spring and each of these variables does much to contribute to the reputation of a season that’s become synonymous with rejuvenation. After months spent confronting cold temperatures and huddling up indoors, people might find the welcoming conditions of spring irresistible, which compels many to spend more time outdoors.

There’s no shortage of things to do outside in spring, and the season marks a perfect time to reestablish one’s green thumb and get down and dirty in the garden. Gardening is a rewarding and healthy activity, though some, particularly seniors, may need to approach springtime sessions in the garden with a heightened degree of caution. Seniors can keep these health and safety tips in mind as they celebrate the return of spring and what that means for their gardens.

Recognize that gardening is exercise. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identifies gardening as a good form of exercise, and evidence supports the notion that gardening is a particularly beneficial form of physical activity. A 2024 meta-analysis published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry indicated that individuals who engaged in low levels of leisure time physical activities such as gardening are likely to have a lower risk of stroke than peers who are sedentary. It’s important to keep these findings in mind when gardening, which is perhaps more physically demanding than some may recognize. Seniors can approach gardening just like they

would other forms of exercise, taking the same precautions, such as stretching before and after each session and making a concerted effort to remain hydrated, while out in the garden.

Incorporate rest into your garden routine. Rest is vital for anyone engaged in physical activity, including gardeners. Frequent breaks during gardening sessions can help avoid strains and sprains and provide opportunities to hydrate and get out of the sun. If possible, seniors can identify a shaded spot on their properties and place a bench there so they have somewhere to rest during gardening sessions.

Utilize ergonomic gardening tools and other specialized products. The Center for Excellence in Disabilities at West Virginia University notes that ergonomics studies movements of a person’s body during physical activities in an effort to produce tools that ensure a task has as little physical impact on the body as possible. Ergonomic tools are designed to lower injury risk, improve efficiency and increase satisfaction that stems from performing a particular activity. Before each gardening season, seniors can inspect their existing tools and replace them with ergonomic alternatives, if necessary. In addition, seniors can utilize specialized products, including long-handled gardening tools that reduce the need to bend over or kneel down, to further reduce their risk of injury while working in the garden.

These simple strategies can ensure seniors’ springtime gardening sessions are as safe as they are rewarding. ~Metro

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Perennials vs. Annuals: Choosing Plants For Your Garden

By Thomas P. Caldwell So, you want a colorful yard teeming with flowers?

The first decision is how much work you want to put into it, and then you can decide what sorts of flowers to plant, keeping in mind which ones grow well in your environment. “I like to watch where the sun comes up and goes down during different parts of the day, to see how much sun you’ve got,” said Carla, garden specialist at Osborne’s Agway in Belmont. “If you’ve got good soil, and you know your sun, I think you’re pretty much golden.”

In deciding what to plant, important considerations are what it entails and how expensive it will be.

Perennials — plants that come back year after year — do well with little care once they are established, while annuals require constant looking after if they are to thrive during their brief lifespan. Perennials may be more expensive to start with, but with their longer lifespan — irises and peonies, if undisturbed, may live for 50 years — you avoid the year-after-year expense of replacing them. Because annuals will die off when the temperatures turn cold and must be replaced each year, they can end up costing much more.

Annuals tend to provide more colorful blooms while they are around, while perennials may bloom only for a week or two.

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Keep in mind that those classifications for what are annuals and what are perennials are not firm. Some perennials may die off over the winter if their roots freeze, and others, such as tulips, may not re-bloom reliably. “Tender perennials” — or “temperennials” — which do well in warmer regions may not survive the winter in northern regions, so in effect are annuals in cold climates.

Some annuals, on the other hand, such as sweet alyssum, bachelor’s button, and forget-me-nots, may self-sow and thus reappear on their own the next year.

There also is a third category choice: biennials — plants such as dianthus, foxglove, and hollyhock, that take two years to complete their growth cycle, then die.

Most gardeners find that a mix of perennials and annuals works best, providing a wide variety of choices for color, texture, and bloom.

Annuals provide the opportunity to experiment with color.

If your choice of plantings one year is not satisfactory, there are other varieties to try the next year.

Traditional varieties of annuals are begonias and petunias, but gardeners may want to try Daybreak African daisies or Brown-Eyed Girl sunflowers to brighten up the garden beds. Other possibilities include alyssums, forget-me-nots, impatiens, larkspur, and marigolds.

Annuals tend to germinate and flower quickly in their haste to reproduce before dying, so they will produce bountiful

blossoms. By deadheading — removing flowers that have finished blooming to prevent seed formation — it is possible to get a succession of blooms all season until frost arrives.

Some annuals are bred to avoid the need for deadheading.

Regular petunias require deadheading, “and they’re a pain in the butt to pinch,” Carla says; but Wave petunias do not.

Planting annuals in bare spots in the flower garden provides good filler, and they can offer a splash of color in vegetable gardens — also attracting pollinators to increase crop production.

To thrive, annuals need good soil, close supervision, and frequent watering. They also need a lot of fertilizer to keep them going.

“You want to be careful of the fertilizer you get for them, especially if you live on the lake,” Carla warned. “I like to use organic products because what you put in the earth comes back. Picking on Miracle-Gro, because that comes to mind, it’s going to make your plants look great, but it’s not doing anything to really enrich the soil. There’s different alternatives to chemical fertilizers.”

That goes for pest control as well. Rather than spraying willy-nilly, it is best to find a product that targets the specific insect or other pest that is giving you trouble.

In considering which perennials to plant, it is a good idea to spend time charting where they will go to achieve a succession of blooms. There is a wide selection of plants to consider for

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One of the big appeals of perennials is that they attract pollinators like butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds. Because of their continuously growing root systems, perennials also can improve soil structure and prevent erosion.

While perennials do not require a lot of care, they thrive best with periodic pruning. Trimming them back allows new growth and a fuller plant.

Carla suggests that before embarking on your garden plans, you talk with a garden center and explain what you want from it: color all season long? Big plants? Do you enjoy gardening and do not mind the maintenance, or do you want to avoid spending the weekend watering or deadheading?

“There’s no such thing as a low- or no-maintenance garden,” Carla said. “Even with perennials, you’ve got to pick and prod now and again. I’m thinking of daylilies. Daylilies are magnificent, but, you know, after they bloom, they look a little ratty. So, you know, you just go through and you just kind of clean them up a little bit. But they get bigger and better every year.”

Carla explained, “I like to do things in stages because a lot of people don’t have $5,000 to do their landscaping. So your first season is your foundation, the soil. You’ve got to pay attention to your soil. The second season is your anchor plants, maybe your shade tree, or maybe you want some privacy. And then the third is fill-in. As far as annuals or perennials, it’s basically what you like.”

Carla added, “I built the soil, and then the next year, I put in a few anchor plants, like I said, and then I put in perennials that I really like. And there was really no rhyme or reason to my perennials, except that I like the flower and the bloom time.

And then I filled in with annuals.”

It comes down to a matter of choosing the plants that meet your personal preference in color, blossom time, and maintenance. Lastly, Carla notes that the plants do not have to be flowering ones. “A lot of plants are grown for foliage, which add just as much to the garden.”

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Humane Ways to Address Uninvited Garden Guests A beautiful garden is a wonder to behold. After a homeowner toils in the yard amending the soil and planting, it’s imperative that a garden be given the best chance to thrive. However, the natural wildlife that shares the space might see that newly cultivated land as the perfect place to enjoy an easy meal or gather nesting materials.

Every gardener likely has a tale about chipmunks, squirrels, woodchucks, and rabbits making nuisances of themselves in the garden. Many of these animals seem to have a taste for bulbs and other plants, which can wreak havoc on what gardeners carefully plan and plant. Finding balance so everyone can get along may require patience and some well-crafted deterrents.

Provide food elsewhere. Try luring the animals away to another area of the yard where the meal is even easier to come by. Squirrels and chipmunks love to dig and bury their caches, so a far-off corner with freshly tilled soil along with some berries, nuts and additional treats might attract them to that area instead of a newly established garden.

Install fencing. While chipmunks and squirrels can scale fences easily, such acrobatics may be more challenging for lumbering groundhogs or rabbits. Make digging more difficult by laying chicken wire fencing on top of the soil and staking it down in some areas.

Use a scent deterrent. Some animals are put off by the smell of other animals or aromas they find unpleasant. The capsaicin in red pepper and cayenne can be off-putting to these animals, so sprinkling it around the garden may ward off pests but not harm the plants. Just reapply after each rain. Similarly, some people

have had luck using peppermint. Plant mint around where you do not want the squirrels and chipmunks. Since mint can grow fast and become invasive, it’s best to plant in containers and move accordingly.

Use water or movement. Animals can be scared away if they are sprayed with water, so a well-aimed water gun can chase away the animals when a gardener is able to stand watch. It may be easier to set up pinwheels that blow in the wind or hang aluminum pie plates or old compact discs from strings near the garden, which may deter animals from getting too close.

Build a greenhouse. When dealing with tenacious squirrels and chipmunks, the only solution may be to block off all access.

Utilize an enclosed greenhouse for the garden, which will keep animals out and even extend the growing season. ~Metro

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Retired and Bored? How to Make an Active Retirement a Reality Scores of people view retirement as a time in their lives when they aren’t beholden to schedules and can finally indulge in hobbies and interests they’d been dreaming about while sitting in meetings or commuting to the office. Although retirement often is billed as a time to enjoy life, research suggests a different scenario plays out all too often. According to a recent study commissioned by The Oddfellows, one of the oldest friendly societies in the United Kingdom, 39 percent of retirees have experienced feelings such as loneliness, boredom and a reduced sense of identity and purpose shortly after the retirement glow wears off.

Staying active and engaged during retirement may take some creative effort, especially for those who were used to the regimented schedule of work. But the following are some ways to maintain your active engagement with the world after calling it a career.

• Take that trip. According to AARP, travel is one of the most popular things to do during retirement. Odds are there are places retirees have always wanted to visit, and the world is just waiting. Taking a tour or being part of a travel group can simplify travel planning by leaving the organizing to someone else. Travelers just enjoy the ride.

• Get moving physically. The National Council on Aging says regularly engaging in physical activities a person enjoys can help prevent bone loss, boost immunity, improve mood, and even prevent chronic illnesses. Team sport participation is a top

choice for seniors looking to stay active because sports provide physical exercise and an opportunity to socialize with friends or teammates.

• Maintain a consistent schedule. Some people thrive when they know what is coming next. If you need a routine in order to be happy, establish a consistent schedule that works. For example, people can wake up at the same time each morning and eat lunch at the same time they did while working. Upon retiring, incorporate a daily plan for exercise if physical activity is not part of your traditional routine.

• Try something new. It is never too late to try a new activity, class, sport, or hobby. Challenging yourself can stimulate the mind and provide a pathway to new relationships. Individuals can even consider going back to college. According to Kiplinger, New Jersey residents age 65 and older can take regularly scheduled courses tuition-free at the state’s public colleges and universities, provided classroom space permits. There are similar programs in other states across the country.

• Pick up a new language. Learning a new language is a beneficial tool for seniors who are looking to maintain cognitive abilities. The National Institutes of Health says bilingualism has been linked to higher cognitive reserve, delay in dementia onset and better performance in executive control.

There are many ways for seniors to keep their brains and bodies active in an effort to overcome boredom and improve overall well-being. ~Metro

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By Mark Okrant Entomologists and other wildlife biologists have identified more than forty insect pests that invade household gardens throughout the year. According to Good Housekeeping’s staff, ten of these are particularly troublesome: Aphids, Cabbage Maggots, Caterpillars, Cutworms, Colorado Potato Beetles, Mexican Bean Beetles, Flea Beetles, Tarnished Plant Bugs, Japanese Beetles, and Scales. While space does not allow us to describe each of these in detail, methods for protecting against garden pests are addressed below.

To organically stop insects from eating plant leaves there are a number of methods that are vastly preferable to usage of chemical sprays and other industrial applications. The best first step is to identify the specific invasive pests. It is only natural that different insects require individual control methods; therefore, knowing your enemy is crucial. This is not a one-time-only procedure. Both plants and their invaders must be monitored regularly for early signs of insect damage.

Once the presence of insects has been determined, it is imperative to take action immediately. Entomologists recommend that companion planting be engaged in order to deter insects.

The gardener should plant strong-smelling herbs like basil, mint, and chives near the susceptible plants. Next, a barrier of marigolds should be planted to form a natural pest deterrent all around the garden, with onions and carrots interplanted to further repel pests.

You may be one of those who is skeptical about the effectiveness of methods to keep bugs out of your garden without using chemical pesticides. However, Good Housekeeping has offered

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a list of tips for eliminating garden bugs without chemicals— keeping bugs out of your garden while maintaining organic balance, supporting the plants you want while eliminating those you don’t.

Numerous commercial insecticides or repellents are used to combat garden bugs, but they are unsafe for use around flowers and vegetables. Also, they can harm the environment, humans, pets, and any beneficial local insects. Fortunately, there are several easy, natural, and cost-effective ways to make a garden bug free. The natural ways to keep your garden healthy and bugfree without using harsh chemicals are: Companion Planting, Beneficial Insects, Neem Oil, Organic Bug Sprays, and Physical Barriers.

Companion Planting is one of the best ways to keep bugs away from vegetables or flowers. It is an old-age practice that involves growing certain plants together to maximize their benefits and deter pests. This works because some plants naturally repel bugs while others attract beneficial insects. Examples of popular companion plants and how to use them include— Marigolds, which keep destructive insects away, especially aphids. French Marigolds even kill the harmful nematodes in the soil. Simply plant them near potatoes, root vegetables, or other plants that may attract aphids. Furthermore, the bright hues of marigold flowers attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies, which promotes overall garden health.

Alliums such as onions, garlic, and chives repel most insects due to their potent odor. Plant them around high-value flowers and crops to keep pests at bay. Catnip, spearmint, peppermint, and other mint plants emit a strong scent that repels flies, bee-

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tles, ants, mealybugs, and other pests. Basil, oregano, rosemary, and other strongly scented herbs keep mosquitoes, flies, aphids, tomato hornworms, and spider mites away from the garden.

Lavender has a strong odor and is known for repelling fleas and mosquitoes.

Beneficial Insects in a garden provide a natural, long-term strategy to control pest populations.

Ladybugs are not harmful to vegetable gardens but can eat up to 50–60 aphids every day, as well as mealybugs, leafhoppers, mites, and other soft-bodied insects and their larvae. Spiders, wasps, dragonflies, lacewings, and praying mantises are all beneficial in the fight against insects that harm plants. Praying mantis eggs and ladybug larvae are typically available at local nurseries. One can attract these allies by growing nectar and pollen-producing plants like fennel, dill, cosmos, sunflower, angelica, and yarrow.

Neem oil is derived from the Neem tree; this is a natural insecticide and repellent that affects the feeding and reproduction cycles of many garden bugs. Neem oil is effective against aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies, spider mites, thrips, and caterpillars. Neem oil will help to get rid of powdery mildew. Biologists recommend that, to use neem oil, mix one or two teaspoons of pure neem oil with one liter of water, add one teaspoon of liquid soap, and spray the mixture onto plants’ leaves. It can last up to three weeks, although you must reapply after rain. Neem oil kills pests by suffocating them and affecting their hormone system, decreasing their ability to feed and reproduce. Neem oil is also safe for beneficial insects, making it an important component in integrated pest management.

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Homemade Organic Bug Sprays can be used to keep bugs off of plants but must be used after a 24-hour patch test. Examples include insecticidal soap spray—a common bug spray made of water, liquid soap, and cayenne pepper. The cayenne pepper repels many common pests, while the soap acts as a surfactant to help the mixture adhere to the insects and suffocate them.

Garlic spray is another natural insecticide that is an effective repellent for soft-bodied insects like aphids and mites, made by mixing garlic cloves and water, then filtering the mixture. Vinegar spray is one of the most effective homemade bug sprays. It is a natural bug repellent and a weed killer, made with one part vinegar and three parts water in a spray container, then adding a teaspoon of dish soap.

Physical Barriers are an effective approach to prevent insects from reaching your plants, although not a permanent solution.

Row covers, made of lightweight fabric or mesh, can be placed over vulnerable plants to protect them against pests. These covers allow air, light, and water to pass through while keeping flying insects away from the plants. Row covers effectively protect crops from flying insects such as cabbage moths and carrot flies.

Furthermore, installing small mesh screens or netting around fruit trees or berry bushes can keep birds, insects, and other animals away from the fruit. These covers are not effective against soil-dwelling insects.

It is important to remember that a clean, debris-free, properly-watered garden with healthy soil properties is essential to its long-term success.

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Real Estate Market 2025 New Hampshire Real Estate Market Outlook • Steady growth is expected in New Hampshire’s real estate • market, with increased demand for residential, commercial, and vacation properties.

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Aeration Breathes New Life into Lawns Regular maintenance is necessary when caring for a lawn, and various strategies translate into thicker, greener and healthier grass. Much like car owners routinely get an oil change or tire rotation on their vehicles, homeowners should recognize that certain lawn care strategies are periodically necessary to keep a property looking its best. Aeration is one task that can complement other lawn care strategies throughout the growing season.

What is lawn aeration? The Home Depot says that aeration involves making holes in the lawn to loosen the soil underneath.

Over time, the lawn and soil can become compacted, creating a layer of thatch that forms between the soil and the grass in the lawn. Thatch can prevent air, water and fertilizer from reaching the roots of the grass, eventually stifling growth. The holes

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made during aeration allow oxygen, water and nutrients to reach the lawn’s roots.

When to aerate. Aeration can be good for a lawn, but it can cause stress to the grass if timed improperly, advise the lawn care experts at Pennington. Cool-season grasses common in northern lawns should be aerated in the early fall or early spring.

Warm-season grasses should be aerated in the late spring or very early summer. Aeration should be done right before the grass reaches peak time for natural growth.

How to aerate a lawn. Homeowners can use different aeration equipment, including manual and automated machinery.

Some homeowners wear spiked aerator “sandals” strapped to shoes to walk across the lawn. These may be useful on a small scale, but not on larger properties.

Slicing aerators have rotating blades that slice through grass and thatch into the soil. Core or plug aerators often are preferential for lawn professionals. Hollow tines remove plugs of soil from the lawn and deposit them on top where they break down.

What’s next? According to The Spruce, it is necessary to water the grass every two to three days after a lawn has been aerated. This also is the time to perform overseeding. Apply a quality, slow-release fertilizer to revitalize the lawn. Wait at least a month before mowing, and avoid heavy traffic on the lawn after aerating to prevent grass damage.

Aeration is an important step in maintaining lawn health.

While aerating can be labor-intensive, the end result of a lush lawn can be worth the extra effort. ~ Metro

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Gardening Myths That Need to Be Weed(ed) Out Gardening is full of wisdom passed down from well-meaning relatives, enthusiastic neighbors, and that guy at the hardware store who knows everything. But not all advice is created equal.

Some of these so-called “tried and true” gardening tips are more fiction than fact, and a few might even do more harm than good. So, before you start pouring household remedies onto your plants like a mad scientist, let’s take a closer look at some gardening myths that refuse to die—despite overwhelming evidence (and wilted plants) proving otherwise.

1. Epsom Salt: Miracle Cure or Just Salty Nonsense?

Ah, Epsom salt—the cure-all for everything from aching muscles to sad tomato plants. The idea is that magnesium sulfate will boost plant growth and produce more luscious vegetables. The truth? Most soils already have plenty of magnesium, and adding extra can throw off the balance of nutrients, potentially harming your plants instead of helping them. Unless a soil test shows a magnesium deficiency, save the Epsom salts for your next bath and let your tomatoes fend for themselves.

2. Coffee Grounds: Fertilizer or Fad? It’s tempting to dump your morning coffee grounds right into the garden with the promise of more fertile soil and slug-free lettuce. But while coffee grounds can provide some nitrogen, they’re also highly acidic when fresh. Too much can mess with your soil’s pH levels and stunt plant growth rather than encourage it. If you want to use them, compost them first to neutralize the acidity. Otherwise, your plants might start looking as tired as you feel before your first cup of the day.

3. Banana Peels: The Lazy Gardener’s Fertilizer?

The internet would have you believe that simply burying a banana peel next to your plants is the key to a bountiful harvest.

Bananas are rich in potassium, so the theory makes sense—ex-

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cept decomposition takes time. Instead of giving your plants an immediate boost, you’re more likely just to attract pests that appreciate the free snack. If you want to harness the power of bananas, compost them first or make a banana peel tea (but let’s be honest, you probably have better things to do).

4. Gravel at the Bottom of Pots: The Ultimate Drainage Solution?

This one sounds logical—adding gravel to the bottom of pots should help water drain better, right? Wrong. Instead, it creates a “perched water table,” meaning water sits above the gravel instead of draining away, leading to root rot. If you want proper drainage, just use a good-quality potting mix and make sure your pot has drainage holes. No need to turn your flowerpot into a tiny rock quarry.

5. Talking to Your Plants: Encouraging Growth or Just Looking Crazy?

People claim that chatting with your plants makes them grow faster. Science does support the idea that sound vibrations could stimulate growth—but let’s be real, your neighbors might start questioning your sanity if they catch you giving a pep talk to your tomatoes. If you want healthier plants, focus on proper watering, sunlight, and soil nutrition. If you want someone to listen to your problems, consider a therapist (or at least a pet that can pretend to care).

6. Beer Traps for Slugs: A Party They Just Won’t Leave?

Setting out a dish of beer to trap slugs sounds like a brilliant idea—until you realize it’s just a tiny, drunken slug rave

happening in your garden. Yes, some slugs will fall in, but others will simply enjoy the free drink and crawl away to tell their friends. A better solution? Try copper barriers or diatomaceous earth. Save the beer for yourself; you’ll need it after dealing with the rest of these myths.

7. Companion Planting: Magic Combinations or Just Planting Stuff Together?

Companion planting has some truth to it, but not every combination is backed by science. Sure, basil next to tomatoes might help with flavor and marigolds can deter some pests, but planting carrots next to onions won’t necessarily make them grow any better. While some pairings are beneficial, others are just folklore dressed up as fact. If you want a successful garden, focus on crop rotation, soil health, and proper spacing rather than relying on plant friendships.

Conclusion: When in Doubt, Trust Science (Not Your Uncle’s Advice). Gardening is full of trial and error, but you

don’t have to waste time (or good beer) on myths that don’t hold up. Before following that too-good-to-be-true tip, do a little research or consult an expert. Your plants— and your sanity—will thank you. And if all else fails, just remember: Water, sunlight, and a little patience go a long way. No banana peels or motivational speeches are required. ~ This article was generated with the assistance of AI and edited by Laker Staff for accuracy and clarity.

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Container Gardening:

Big Blooms In Small Spaces

By Thomas P. Caldwell Even with the constraints of small or non-existent yards, people can use “container gardening” to grow herbs, vegetables, and flowers for themselves. Planting in pots or other containers means that the small gardens are easy to move if the location becomes too hot or too cold, and they can fit into spaces such patios, balconies, and front stoops.

Gardening with containers is easier in many ways — almost no weeding is necessary — but it also requires some diligence.

One cannot use regular garden soil because it tends to become too compact for roots to grow and it can become waterlogged, leading to root rot. At the same time, one must pay stricter attention to a watering schedule to make sure there is sufficient moisture for the plants to grow.

The University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension offers useful advice on planting and maintaining container gardens, noting that a broad array of containers will work as long as they provide adequate drainage. They can be made of plastic, fibers, wood, metal, or ceramics, with plastic bags and cardboard boxes also being suitable. If they do not have drainage holes, one can drill holes in the bottom to avoid over-saturation of the soil.

Plastic pots are lightweight options that come in several shapes, colors, and sizes, and they tend to be less expensive than other materials. One can even use milk cartons and storage containers. The important thing when dealing with plastic is making sure it is food-grade plastic that does not contain chemicals that can leach into the plants’ soil.

Ceramic, or terra-cotta, pots are much heavier, but because the clay is porous, water and air can circulate more quickly than plastic pots allow. That also means it is important to stay on top

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of watering so the plants do not become dry when water leaches out. They also are susceptible to cracking during cold weather, so they must be brought inside or emptied and stored for the winter.

Fabric pots are both lightweight and breathable and may come with handles that make them easy to move around. Their main drawback is that they require more watering to avoid having them dry out.

Hanging baskets are another option, but they must be placed in a location where water draining from the bottom will not harm whatever lies below them.

Self-watering pots are available, which store water at the base of the plant, but they can retain too much moisture in wet weather and quickly become dry on other occasions, making it difficult to know how much moisture the plants actually get.

Once the container has been chosen, the next consideration is soil. It should be a lightweight soil that holds nutrients and moisture yet drains well. Potting soil, which may include peat moss, sand, perlite, or vermiculite, forms the basis, with lime and fertilizer adding the necessary nutrients.

The Cooperative Extension recommends making a potting soil with one bushel each of vermiculite and peat moss, one and one-quarter cups of dolomitic lime, a half-cup of 20 percent superphosphate, and one cup of 5-10-5 fertilizer.

“A mixture like the one above may be used straight or mixed one-to-one with a good garden loam or finished compost,” the Extension says. “An organic alternative is equal parts of vermiculite, peat moss, and high-quality compost; with 0.6 oz blood meal, 0.4 oz rock phosphate, and 0.4 oz greensand added to each gallon of potting mix.”

Commercial potting soil can serve the purpose for those who want to avoid mixing their own, but monitoring the plants’ growth becomes more important to detect any problem earlier.

Mixing in compost and humus provides extra nutrients to help them prosper.

The Extension recommends soaking the mix in water for at least a day before using it to ensure moisture absorption.

Container gardening is best for dwarf varieties because they use less space, but larger plants are fine as long as the container is large enough to accommodate them.

Most vegetables require at least 12 inches of soil to grow well, and larger vegetables may require more. Most also need at least six hours of full sunlight each day, with leafy plants such as herbs, lettuce, spinach, Swiss chard, and cabbage requiring less than tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, eggplants, and melons.

When watering, it is important to thoroughly wet the soil — enough that water begins dripping from the bottom. Watering in the morning, before full sunlight, works best, allowing the moisture to be fully absorbed before evaporation takes moisture away. Especially when using porous containers, checking again later to make sure that soil has not dried to more than a quarter-inch from top is important. If the dry soil extends deeper, the plant needs another watering. Avoid watering too often, though, as that can lead to other problems, such as root rot.

Many vegetable varieties are suitable for container gardening: tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, radishes, potatoes, garlic, carrots, green beans, peas, onions, green onions, ginger, lemongrass, lettuce greens, spinach, kale, and Swiss chard.

Herbs such as basil, parsley, mint, thyme, tarragon, oregano, marjoram, rosemary, sage, chives, cilantro, culantro, chamomile,

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lemon balm, and bay leaf also make great container plants.

You may want to mix quick-maturing plants, such as lettuce and radishes, with tomatoes or broccoli which have longer growth cycles. You can also group plants with similar sunlight and water needs.

It is important when planting them to provide plenty of space to grow, so avoid overcrowding.

Miracle Farms Landscape and Property Management of Moultonborough offers advice on the use of container gardening for decorative plants as well.

“The only rule you need to follow when creating your container garden is to be creative and enjoy it! At Miracle Farms, we generally follow the Thriller, Filler, Spiller method when planting containers. This concept utilizes three different types of plants to create well-rounded combinations.”

Thriller plants, such as angelonia (summer snapdragon), argyranthemum (sometimes considered a chrysanthemum or form of daisy), and grasses that are high enough to “add drama and a vertical element to the combination” and are placed in the center of the container.

Filler plants tend to be more rounded and are generally placed in front of or around the thriller varieties.

Spillers are trailing plants, placed close to the edge of the container so they hang over the side.

Containers can be placed on benches or railings to make them more easily accessible and avoid having to bend over to care for them.

Use sticks or trellises to guide plants that grow high or spread easily. For those plants, using a wide container and sheltering them from the wind prevents them from falling over and making a mess. Pole beans and snap peas can be stabilized with a teepee of bamboo stakes.

Because container gardening requires closer attention, there is less chance of pest infestations, such as aphids. If they do occur, it is easier to deal with them before they get out of control.

For those who have never tried container gardening, it is a great way to get into gardening, and it provides the satisfaction of having fresh, homegrown produce all season long or a brightened deck or walkway.

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What’s Growing On? Current Garden Trends

By Kathi Caldwell-Hopper Gardening is for everyone. Those who want to relax, smell fragrant flowers, and watch them bloom year after year love growing things. Further, they enjoy embellishing their outdoor spaces utilizing the latest trends in gardening, such as rustic benches, bird feeders, fountains, special varieties of flowers and more.

As with everything, trends come and go, but the enduring aspect of gardening is the beauty of growing plants and working with life-giving soil.

“There is and always has been an interest in home gardening.

It is more of a constant than a trend,” says John Moulton, owner of Moulton Farm on Quarry Road in Meredith. “A lot of interest centers around our customer’s desire to have healthy food. If they grow their own food, they can be assured of where it comes from.”

Plants, flowers, and vegetables come in a huge range of colors and varieties, and there are perennials and annuals, depending on each gardener’s preference. Trends in colors change, but issues such as longer growing seasons due to possible climate change mean there are more options in plant and floral colors on a seasonal basis.

“Annuals give good color. We assume perennial offerings are popular and less work for the gardener but there is still a great demand for annuals because they can give good color all season long,” says Moulton.

To help a novice gardener get started or to answer specific questions for more experienced gardeners, Moulton Farm has popular springtime workshops. “Traditionally, we have good

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attendance in basic gardening workshops,” Moulton explains.

No matter the trend, gardening is relaxing and gives you peace, according to Patty Gianunzio, co-owner with her husband, Pat, of Petal Pushers Farm at 2635 Parade Road in Laconia.

With 30 years in their current location, Patty and Pat know a lot about gardening and landscaping. Pat has had a landscape business for many years and has horticultural experience. (Petal Pusher’s landscape portion continues with supervision from general manager Ron Palsgrove.) Paul now focuses on other things in the business as it thrives and grows.

As winter has drawn to a close, Patty Gianunzio Petal Pusher’s garden center manager, Dianne Battles, are looking ahead to the upcoming summer gardening season. They know customers will come in with questions and garden lists.

Gianunzio and Battles offer advice and have a solid knowledge of all things gardening, from flowers to trees to soil quality. This puts Petal Pushers in the position of guiding their customers through a typical season of flower and vegetable gardening.

“Since COVID,” says Gianunzio, “people are trying all kinds of gardening, and many want things to grow indoors because they live in condos or apartments. Container growing is good for those places and is very popular.”

Concerning the topic of COVID-19 and how it has changed the world, Moulton concurs that it has altered gardening.

“With the idea in mind of growing their own food, customers also have an interest in growing fruit trees—apple and peach trees in particular. This means they need to know how to care for them. Before beginning, ask a garden center for maintenance and care tips if buying a fruit tree.

A trend in florals is the tried-and-true geranium, which never falls out of popularity. “It is a hardy plant, and it grows all summer,” Gianunzio continues. “Petunias are also popular because they are long-lasting and do not need deadheading.

They come in a variety of colors and offer a lot to gardeners.”

Before beginning with gardening, no matter what the year might be or the garden trends, it is important to determine your soil type. “We can help with that, as can any good garden center,” says Moulton. “We find many people come in and tell us they have bad soil, and nothing will grow. We need to know what ‘bad soil’ means in terms of soil content. We are advocates for taking soil samples. Submit the sample to the UNH Cooperative Extension, and you will get a good recommendation and directions on putting the proper nutrients into the soil.”

At Petal Pushers, Gianunzio and her staff can confer with the gardener on what plants and flowers will best grow in the soil. “We love to help people with soil questions, and we offer a soil test kit you can buy, take home, and get the results of your soil,” she says.

Should beginner gardeners assume changing soil before planting means ripping up a large swath of land, likely with a backhoe or a group of helpers with shovels, rest assured it is not that work intensive. According to Gianunzio, changing the soil means digging around the area where you will put a plant and then filling in the dirt around the soil. Also, the plant should not be placed far into the soil because the roots will take hold over time, usually spreading outwards versus downward.

“We love customers with soil questions and advising where the light and shade hit the planting area,” Gianunzio adds.

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Gardeners continue to love shrubs, she says. They help fill in empty spaces, such as around the edge of a home or walkway, interspersed in a garden area or around an outside patio.

“Shrubs are a staple of gardening,” Gianunzio explains.

The gardening trend for last year was the color purple, but it is too early (as of March press time) to determine what color(s) will be most desired this year.

“People always want more color in their gardens and are buying a lot of perennials versus annuals now. It allows them to see blooms in flowers they love year after year,” Gianunzio says.

As for trees on homeowner properties, these are also popular and do not go out of style. Fruit trees remain desirable, with peach and apple trees the top sellers. However, fruit tree lovers need to remember their trees will require winter pruning, and the process can be confusing if you have never done it before. Gianunzio says Petal Pushers staff are eager to help, so don’t hesitate to come in with pruning questions.

Another trend, although not as prolific as other garden endeavors, is the addition of a small greenhouse. Avid, longterm gardeners might want a place to grow things year-round and also enjoy the peace a small, humid, and warm greenhouse gives, with light spilling in through multiple windows, even in the winter.

62 • home • Spring 2025

Anything from greenhouses to simple flower beds brings peace and relaxation to gardeners. For added enjoyment, some gardeners who are a bit more daring might add a waterfall area, although this requires some planning and knowledge. A simple and pretty water fountain is often a better solution for a homeowner wanting a water feature for their garden area, advises Gianunzio.

As a lover and avid collector of all sorts of antiques, Gianunzio has maintained an ample shop space in the back of the main gardening building. Over the years, she has offered customers a variety of antiques, with an emphasis on old items that fit in the garden, such as window boxes, outdoor dining sets, rustic bedframes that are used in a variety of ways in the garden, and much more.

“I look for a lot of items to embellish a garden, and those who like a rustic and unusual look enjoy those things,” she says.

When it comes to shrubbery, Moulton advises that the gardener starts by buying a small shrub and growing it out. He says many make the mistake of overplanting, but shrubs need room to grow.

When it comes to gardening, there are many trends, from colors to types of flowers, vegetables, and plants, but one thing remains – it is always helpful to test your soil, get the garden elements you want, and enjoy a season full of glorious garden delights.

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Spring Cleaning in the Lakes Region:

How to Tidy Up Your Lawn and Garden After Winter As the days become longer and the sun feels warmer, Lakes Region gardeners long to get outside and start to clean up their yardsafter winter snow and early spring mud. But before you grab your rake and start clearing out every leaf and twig in sight, it’s essential to approach spring cleanup with a plan that balances efficiency with the needs of your lawn, garden, and the local ecosystem. Here are some tips for spring cleanup in the Lakes Region to help you get the most out of the seasons ahead Timing Your Cleanup: Patience Pays Off Although the calendar marks the start of spring, the Lakes Region doesn’t always follow suit. One day, the sun is shining, and the next, a snowstorm sweeps through. So, as they say timing is everything. Jumping in too soon can cause more harm than good, especially for your garden beds and lawn.

Wait for the Right Temperature–Avoid disturbing lawns and garden beds until temperatures consistently exceed 50°F.

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New Hampshire Audubon suggests waiting until apple and pear blossoms have faded as a natural indicator. Many beneficial insects, including native pollinators and butterflies, overwinter in leaf litter, dead plant stems, and soil.

Raking too early can disrupt their life cycle before they emerge. Since some insects continue developing in leaf litter well into spring and summer, leaving some plant material year-round provides the best habitat.

Mud Season Awareness–In early spring, the ground is often saturated from melting snow and spring rains. Walking on or working in overly wet soil can compact it, making it harder for grass and plants to grow. If you leave footprints on the lawn, it’s too soon.

Lawn Dormancy Check–Grass may look patchy and unkempt after winter, but it needs time to “wake up” naturally.

Avoid raking or aerating until the lawn has started to green up.

Lawn Cleanup: Encouraging a Lush Green Carpet Once the ground is firm, it’s time to focus on your lawn.

Raking and Debris Removal – Gently rake to remove dead grass, twigs, and leaves, but don’t be too aggressive. A light touch will help avoid damaging new growth.

Dealing with Snow Mold–Matted patches of gray or pink fungus, rake them lightly to encourage airflow and drying.

Soil Testing and Amendments– Consider testing your soil’s pH and adding lime if it’s too acidic. Organic fertilizers or com-

post can help replenish lost nutrients. Overseeding Thin Patches– If winter has left bare spots, wait until midspring when temperatures are stable, then overseed with the appropriate grass seed for your lawn. Dethatching and Aeration–You may have excess thatch buildup if your lawn feels spongy. Rent an aerator or dethatcher, but only if the lawn is dry enough to prevent damage.

Garden Bed Cleanup: A Gentle Approach Gardeners are often eager to clean out flower beds as soon as the snow melts, but nature benefits from a slower, more strategic approach.

Leave Some Leaves and Stems–While clearing away everything is tempting, some plant material provides shelter for emerging insects. If you must tidy up, leave a small section undisturbed until late spring.

Cut Back Perennials (Carefully) – Trim dead stems from perennials, but watch for signs of new growth. Some plants, like butterfly weed and echinacea, reseed naturally and should be carefully cut back.

Divide and Conquer–Early spring is an ideal time to divide hardy perennials, like hostas and daylilies, before they put on too much new growth.

Weed with Caution–Some weeds start growing before desirable plants. Pull early risers like dandelions and chickweed be-

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fore they go to seed, but avoid disturbing native seedlings that might be sprouting.

Mulching Matters–Once beds are cleaned up, use natural mulches like shredded bark or leaf mulch to improve soil health, retain moisture and supress weed growth.

Tree and Shrub Care: Post-Winter Recovery Winter can be hard on trees and shrubs, so they may need some attention before spring growth begins. Trim dead, diseased, or crossing limbs to improve shape and health. Brown or yellowing needles are signs of winter burn on evergreens, light pruning and deep watering and slow-release organic fertilizers or compost tea can provide nutrients without overloading plants and help them recover.

Preparing for the Growing Season Once your lawn and garden beds are in order, take the time to set up for a successful growing season. Dull tools make work harder. Sharpen pruners, hoes, and shovels before you need them. Test sprinklers and hoses for leaks or needed repairs.

If starting vegetables or flowers from seed, check planting calendars for sowing schedules. Consider adding native plants to your garden that attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds to support polinators.

Spring cleanup is more than just a chore—it’s a chance to reconnect with your outdoor spaces after a long winter. With a little planning you’ll set the stage for a thriving lawn and garden while supporting the environment. So, grab your rake (but not too soon), breathe in the fresh spring air, and enjoy waking up your landscape for the season ahead! ~ This article was generated with the assistance of AI and edited by Laker Staff for accuracy and clarity.

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Wise Watering Strategies to Help a Lawn Thrive A number of factors can affect how well a garden or lawn takes root. Watering is a key element of any landscape care strategy and one that homeowners should educate themselves about if they want to maintain a lush, healthy lawn throughout spring and summer.

Homeowners hoping to keep their lawns lush and green throughout summer can learn some effective watering strategies to achieve that goal.

Check the irrigation system. Water Sense®, an EPA Partnership Program, advises following four steps at the start of spring: inspect, connect, direct, and select for clock timer-controlled irrigation systems. Make sure the system doesn’t have any clogged, broken or missing sprinkler heads. Examine points where the sprinkler heads attach to pipes or hoses to make sure there are no leaks. The EPA says even a leak as small as the tip of a pen can waste 6,300 gallons of water per month. Adjust the sprinkler heads so that they only hit the landscape elements rather than sidewalks or driveways. Align the watering schedule with the seasons.

Invest in an impact sprinkler. An impact sprinkler on a tripod can be an effective option for those without built-in irrigation systems. These sprinklers rotate in circles to help deliver an even spray of water that mimics rainfall. It’s easy to adjust their spray pattern and a sprinkler on a tripod can spray over the top of bush-

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es and flower gardens.

Drip irrigation systems are superior. According to Rainbird. com, drip irrigation tubing and emitters slowly distribute water to the right spots of a landscape.

They can be placed at ground level or buried underground. Water soaks directly to the roots, minimizing water loss from runoff and evaporation. Some research suggests drip irrigation can effectively cover 25 percent more area than the average sprinkler system. It also tends to deliver more than 95 percent water efficiency.

Skip the schedule. Watering a lawn or garden should not be ruled by a schedule, but other factors will determine when water is needed, suggests Family Handyman. Daytime temperatures, wind conditions, soil type, lawn type, and recent rainfall will determine how much water the landscape really needs. Overwatering can be just as bad as underwatering. For those with underground watering systems, water sensors can trigger the system to turn on rather than a time on a clock.

Avoid midday watering. The sun is hottest in the middle of the day. Watering during this time means that much of the water will be lost to evaporation before it can get to thirsty lawns and plants.

It pays to be smart about watering. Homeowners also can consider rain collection barrels to offset municipal or well water usage and be more eco-conscious about their watering efforts. ~ Metro

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Steps Anyone Can Take to Reduce Air Pollution The threat posed by air pollution is more significant than many people may realize. According to the World Health Organization, almost 99 percent of the global population breathes air that exceeds safety guidelines and contains high levels of pollutants. The WHO notes that exposure is associated with seven million premature deaths each year.

Despite its prevalence, air pollution at such high levels is not inevitable. Individuals concerned about the threat posed by air pollution can take various steps to combat it, and such measures can prove even more effective when adopted on a wide scale.

Drive less. Exhaust from cars is among the biggest contributors to air pollution. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the transportation sector is responsible for approximately 45 percent of total nitrogen oxide emissions in the United States. The Union of Concerned Scientists reports that studies have linked exhaust emissions like nitrogen oxide

to adverse effects on various organ systems in the body.

Driving less frequently can help curb the vehicle exhaust emissions contributing to air pollution across the globe.

Do your homework before purchasing an electric vehicle. Electric vehicles (EVs) do not produce the exhaust emissions that have contributed so heavily to air pollution, and that has compelled millions of drivers to make the switch from gas-powered automobiles to EVs. In theory, EVs should be an ally in the fight against air pollution. However, that might come down to which type of EV drivers purchase. According to Cars.com, EVs tend to be heavier than similar gas cars, and that extra weight can cause tires to wear more quickly. In addition, Cars.com notes tires made for EVs are designed to provide reduced rolling resistance in an attempt to increase driving range, but still might not last as long as traditional tires on gas-powered vehicles. Tire wear and the resulting road dust pollution can affect air quality. These

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variables underscore the significance of doing your homework before purchasing an EV. Industry experts note that more research into the effects of the non-exhaust emissions produced

by EVs is necessary, but in the meantime, car buyers can conduct their own research and determine if purchasing an EV is an effective way for them to combat air pollution.

Consider additional electric-powered alternatives. Even if drivers are hesitant to purchase an EV, they have other options to reduce their reliance on gas-powered products. Gas-powered lawn care products like mowers and string trimmers can be significant contributors to air pollution. According to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, a single hour running a gas-powered lawn mower can produce the same amount of pollution as a 100-mile car trip. That’s because smaller gas-powered engines like the ones on mowers and leaf blowers lack pollution control devices.

Plant trees. The National Park Service notes that trees improve air quality in various ways. Trees directly remove pollutants from the air and reduce energy consumption in buildings, thus reducing emissions produced by air conditioners and other appliances. An analysis from the Urban Ecology Research Learning Alliance found that urban forest tree canopy in 11 National Capital Area parks removes more than 1.1 million metric tons of air pollution every year.

Air pollution is a prevalent and formidable threat. Fortunately, there’s much everyone can do to combat that threat. ~Metro

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By Mike Moore Space is at a premium in the world today, even in the more rural areas like ours in the Lakes Region. Whether you’re looking to spruce up the patio outside your apartment or have one of those lake houses with dozens of walls jutting from every which way that are looking a little boring, installing a vertical garden, also known as a living wall, can improve the aesthetics of your home. Vertical gardens aren’t just for the outdoors, either. Many people have indoor living walls to help improve air quality and temperature efficiency, and it certainly adds to the quality of the home décor. If you are itching to plan the first spring home project or want to have the experts transform your home or yard, the climate in New England provides the ideal place for a multitude of plants to thrive indoors and outdoors alike.

Convenience is a huge positive for the vertical garden. Hanging plants won’t get stomped on by passersby. Tasty, homegrown vegetables and herbs can be added to meals with minimal space used for the cultivation process. This is also an added safety component since you have control of the environment in which it grows. People with a living wall also find great savings on water usage. Drainage is less of an issue, and the plants roots can be watered more directly than those in a garden outside in a bigger field. However, the environmental benefits might be the greatest appeal for this landscaping option. Aside from encouraging biodiversity, the local birds and insects appreciate more vegetation to feast on with these living walls. Scientific studies have concluded that using a biofilter like a vertical garden is a “sustainable solution to improve indoor air quality and reduce energy consumption.”

The plants used for vertical gardens tend to be long-lasting and offer great visual appeal. If wall space is lacking in your home, there are different options to have your place full of greenery. Green thumbs wanting to get an early jump on planting but are still having to contend with frozen ground can get an early start on the job by elevating the plants. Mechanical towers are available for purchase, with some sophisticated models providing pumps, pH testing kits, and support cages. The classic option, a hanging pot, is a formidable option too. Vegetable and herb gardens don’t have to wait for the days when you have a big backyard. A vertical garden is the perfect way to grow your own food and spices.

Silver bay, green lady, and Maria plants are popular choices for office spaces and commercial buildings looking to install indoor vertical gardens. Their ability to survive with lower exposure to natural light and tendency to improve air quality are additional bonuses schools and businesses get when implementing these plants into the office. Studies have shown that vertical gardens help increase focus and attention with students, which certainly explains why the walls of so many New England schools are covered in vegetation. Increased productivity and lessened fatigue are both quite valuable to hardworking students and professionals. And the lush greenery is the perfect environment for fostering the creative mindset. Others rave about how their physical and mental health improves by installing green walls inside their homes.

Installing an indoor vertical garden is an intricate but manageable process. Mounting the shelving that holds the trays of plants and placing each plant will require careful attention to

ensure the safety and soundness of the structure. Once all the plants are in place, regular maintenance could include replacing plants as needed. For more artistic appeal, many indoor vertical gardens are spaced out in compact squares, sharing the plants’ benefits throughout the building while also adding some texture and color to otherwise boring, blank, cold walls. Homeowners and apartment renters can recreate the luxury hotel feeling by creating a living wall within their patio area, hallway, or foyer. An underrated advantage to those tending to vertical gardens is that it’s often much less stress on the legs and back versus digging in the dirt at ground level. Vertical gardens offer people added shade, but how they can serve as a great form of insulation from the heat, cold, or sound is something of which everyone benefits.

Taking care of your vertical garden is quite reasonable for the average gardener. Distribute the light to the wall evenly, so that the growth remains consistent. It’s recommended to use LED lighting, as that offers full light spectrum and a more cost-effective approach. Watering the plants on the living wall can be a manual or automatic task. Automatic systems have both direct and recirculating irrigation options. Wintertime can still have bursting colors and a plentiful amount of extra oxygen throughout the house with the right approach to care.

Outdoor vertical gardens have many of the same qualities of those plants used to fill in the green walls flourishing inside.

For walls that take in a lot of sunshine and/or heat throughout the day, geraniums, petunias, and succulent plants will thrive.

Rhododendrons, ivy, and various ferns also work well when installing a sun-facing living wall. Pineapple sage, begonias, and

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several other types of ferns are the preferred options for those green walls that receive little to no sunlight. Each of these will thrive despite the constant shade. For those in apartments or other living spaces with limited tools and resources, art easels, step stools, or old furniture can be used as part of the setup.

Enjoying the beauty of vertical gardens doesn’t have to require the commitment to make one yourself. There are a multitude of professional gardens throughout New Hampshire that you can visit to enjoy the beauty of nature without having to toil over the planting and growing parts. Bedrock Gardens in Lee is one of the most popular establishments. Other professional gardens throughout the region include Kirkwood Gardens, Spider Web Gardens, and the Fells Historic Estate and Gardens. Professional landscaping companies would be better suited to install vertical gardens in hard-to-reach areas, but for those wanting a DIY project, there are many ways

to install a beautiful, professional-looking vertical garden.

For larger areas, salvaged lattice work, old ladders, window frames, and fencing can serve as the foundation, while old pasta strainers, water pails, or even coffee containers are solid alternatives when a traditional clay pot won’t suffice. Vertical gardens might be sought out to create instant privacy on a patio, to finally have a space to grow herbs and spices, or to add a little beauty to a run-down shed or garage wall.

Regardless of the size, no matter if it’s indoors or outside, a vertical garden is a terrific way for people to enjoy some beauty even if there is limited space available. Local businesses throughout the Lakes Region have the products and materials you need to tackle the project on your own, but there are also a wide variety of companies in the area that specialize in the installation, maintenance and care of vertical gardens.

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For the Birds!

Placement, Installation, and Maintenance of Birdhouses

With its diverse bird species, the Lakes Region is a perfect spot for birdwatching and conservation. Installing birdhouses is an excellent way to contribute to local bird populations and enjoy the beauty of wildlife in your backyard. However, knowing the proper birdhouse placement, installation, and maintenance techniques is essential to succeed. Mastering these skills will attract and protect birds and give you a sense of accomplishment in supporting local wildlife.

Different species of birds have different nesting needs. A birdhouse’s size, shape, and entrance hole diameter should match the species you hope to attract. Here are some common birds in the Lakes Region and their preferred birdhouse specifications: • Eastern Bluebird – A small wooden box with a 1.5-inch entrance hole placed 4-6 feet above the ground.

• Black-capped Chickadee – A cozy box with a 1.125-inch hole, placed 5-15 feet high in a wooded area.

• Tree Swallow – A box with a 1.5-inch hole near open fields or water.

• American Kestrel – A larger box with a 3-inch hole, installed 10-30 feet high on a tree or pole.

• Wood Duck – A spacious box with a 4-inch oval entrance, ideally near a lake or pond.

Proper placement is key to attracting birds while keeping them safe from predators and harsh weather conditions. A birdhouse should be placed in quiet areas where human activity, pets, and predators won’t disturb nesting birds. In the Lakes Region, placing the entrance hole facing east or southeast helps shield birds from prevailing winds and harsh storms. Different species prefer different heights. Smaller songbirds do well with hous-

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es mounted 5-10 feet above the ground, while larger birds like owls or kestrels prefer boxes placed 10-30 feet high—Mount birdhouses on metal poles or tree trunks. Poles with baffles can deter predators like raccoons and snakes. Placed at least 30 feet from feeders to prevent territorial conflicts among birds. Ideally, near natural food sources such as berry bushes, flower gardens, or water bodies can attract nesting birds.

Properly installing a birdhouse ensures that birds will use it and remain safe. Secure the birdhouse using screws or brackets rather than string or wire, which can damage trees and make the house unstable. Drill small holes in the bottom of the house to allow water to drain out and keep the interior dry. Small ventilation holes near the top of the box help regulate the temperature inside. Perches can attract unwanted predators or aggressive birds like house sparrows. Instead, use a simple hole entrance.

Regular maintenance is essential to ensure the safety and usability of birdhouses. Spring Preparation: Inspect birdhouses for damage before the nesting season begins. Remove any old nests from the previous season. Disinfect the house with a mild bleach solution (1 part bleach to 9 parts water), rinse thoroughly, and allow it to dry completely.

Summer monitoring includes Checking occasionally for signs of predation or weather damage. Avoid disturbing active nests; observe from a distance to ensure fledglings are developing.

After birds have migrated or finished nesting in the fall, clean the house again. Make repairs to any broken parts, such as hinges or mounting brackets. Apply a fresh coat of non-toxic, natural-colored paint or stain if needed to protect the wood.

If desired, remove birdhouses during the winter to extend their lifespan. Alternatively, leave them up to shelter wintering

birds like chickadees and nuthatches.

Predators like snakes, raccoons, squirrels, and invasive bird species like house sparrows and European starlings can threaten nesting birds. Metal baffles or cone-shaped guards on poles can deter climbing predators. Use Nesting Hole Restrictors to prevent larger birds or predators from enlarging the hole and invading the nest. If invasive birds take over, remove their nests to encourage native species to reclaim the house.

Providing birdhouses benefits local bird populations and allows homeowners to experience the joy of watching birds raise their young. The Lakes Region’s diverse habitats—woodlands, lakeshores, and meadows—offer an excellent opportunity to attract various species. By choosing the right birdhouses, placing them strategically, and maintaining them properly, you can create a welcoming environment for birds and enjoy their presence year after year.

For those interested in further supporting bird conservation, organizations like New Hampshire Audubon provide valuable resources and guidance on protecting native bird populations.

With a little effort and care, you can help sustain the natural beauty of the Lakes Region while enhancing your backyard birdwatching experience. ~ This article was generated with the assistance of AI and edited by Laker Staff for accuracy and clarity.

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Dethatching: A Key Step to a Healthy Lawn To those unfamiliar with lawn care, the term “dethatch” might not mean much—but it’s an essential practice for maintaining a lush, green lawn.

What Is Dethatching?

Dethatching involves using a dethatcher to remove the layer of dead grass, roots, and organic material that builds up between the soil and growing grass. This thatch can block water, air, and nutrients from reaching the soil, hindering healthy lawn growth. For smaller lawns or areas with minimal thatch buildup, a spring-tined rake can do the job. However, for larger lawns or those with significant thatch accumulation, a dethatcher is a more efficient option.

Is a Dethatcher Necessary?

While a dethatcher isn’t strictly required, it makes the process much easier, especially for larger lawns. These machines vary in price, but many are relatively affordable compared to lawnmowers and aerators. Homeowners with small lawns may opt for a rake, but using a dethatcher can save considerable time and effort.

Why Dethatch?

Beyond promoting healthy grass growth, dethatching also helps prevent moss from taking over. Thick layers of thatch create an environment where moss thrives, often outcompeting grass. Removing thatch gives grass better access to the nutrients and moisture it needs.

What to Expect After Dethatching If your lawn has never been dethatched, expect to remove a substantial amount of material, including old grass clippings, leaves, and moss. While many dethatchers come with collection bags, they often fill up quickly, requiring frequent stops. For large lawns, it may be more efficient to dethatch without the bag, then rake up and discard the debris afterward.

After dethatching, the lawn may look worse before it gets better. This is normal. Once the soil has better access to water and nutrients, the grass will recover quickly, especially with proper watering and fertilization.

Choosing the Right Dethatcher Not all dethatchers are the same. Most models available today are electric, requiring access to a power source and a heavy-duty outdoor extension cord. For homeowners with large properties, a gas-powered dethatcher might be a better option, though they can be more expensive and harder to find.

When to Dethatch Lawn care experts generally recommend dethatching at least once a year, with spring being the ideal time. Doing so before applying fertilizer ensures nutrients can reach the soil effectively. Some homeowners may also benefit from a second dethatching in the fall.

By incorporating dethatching into your lawn care routine, you can help create a healthier, more vibrant lawn. ~ Metro

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