PUBLIC PS11 Animal Anthology Chapter Book by thegiantroom

ANTH ANIMAL

May 2024

A GIANT Chapter Book

In collaboration with Ms. Bouchard’s classroom at PS11

ANIMAL ANTHOLOGY

A GIANT Chapter Book

In collaboration with Ms. Bouchard’s class at PS11

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ABOUT THIS BOOK

Dear Readers,

In this book we present to you the culminating project of weeks of animal research from the experts of 3-509!

Students observed, read about, and studied an animal of choice alongside a book club focusing on the same animal. Clubs took many notes, designed a course of study split between group members, and taught each other about all the possible aspects of their animal of choice. They went on to plan and create a coauthored book, divvying up chapters by areas of specific focus.

This project was a labor of love. Students worked hard to collaborate on facts shared, ideas grown, and worked to revise and edit parts across members. The attention to detail and feedback students shared with each other is one of the main reasons the final product is so incredible. The kids had a blast designing special avatars with The GIANT Room to present their sections (do appreciate their humor and choices - every move was incredibly intentional)!

We hope as you read this you learn some incredible new things about these special animals and appreciate the fascination, humor and craft woven into each section.

Love, Ms. Bouchard

HOW THIS BOOK IS MADE

Co-designed and co-written by 31 students from Class 3509 at PS 11, and a multidisciplinary team of artists, educators, and writers at The GIANT Room, Animal Anthology showcases students’ scientific achievements and invites their friends and family to celebrate, reflect, and learn about their research!

Almost all text presented in the book chapters were written by Class 3-509 students. Designers from The GIANT Room team converted their original handwritten manuscripts into text using AI tools, made minor edits for grammar and spelling, and used AI to correct any incorrect information. We’ve added these corrections throughout the chapters using asterisks and a typewriter typeface to show the difference between the student’s original writing and the corrected facts. The diagrams, doodles, and comics were taken directly from these manuscripts and students’ research notebooks.

Students engineered the avatars you see throughout the book by completing a GIANT mission sheet that asked them to (1) choose an animal or creature that inspires them (2) share what life cycle stage their animal is in, and (3) tell us what special physical traits their animal has. Designers from The GIANT Room then used students’ drawings and written submissions to generate their avatars with AI tools. You’ll find the exact AI prompts we used in the section “Meet the Animal Researchers.”

MEET THE ANIMAL RESEARCHERS

ABDURRAHMAN

RUSTAM

AI PROMPT:

A panda with large claws, wearing sunglasses. soft fur texture. 3D illustration

ANIMAL EXPERT: Bears

ARIYANA

AI PROMPT:

A penguin with blue feathers whose head is inside a water bottle. soft fur texture. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Penguins

ASHER GLASS

AI PROMPT:

A penguin standing on an iceberg, wearing a floating red and black hat. soft fur texture. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Penguins

WEISS

AI PROMPT:

A baby snow leopard wearing a polka dot dress with a purple flower. fluffy fur texture. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Bears

CAMERON FOX

A shark in the water wearing a trench coat. 3D illustration, kawaiistyle AI PROMPT:

ANIMAL EXPERT: Sharks

CAROLINE LEWIS

A girl explorer in a hat. realistic texture. 3D illustration, kawaii-style AI PROMPT:

ANIMAL EXPERT: Gorillas

COLTRANE

AI PROMPT:

A cute yeti with white fur, horns, and large claws. cartoon style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Bears

ELEANOR ROTHMAN

A white, angry bird creature with red eyes and blue flippers. soft feather texture. 3D illustration AI PROMPT:

ANIMAL EXPERT: Penguins

HARPER

AI PROMPT:

A baby yellow shark, holding a plastic bag of pretzels. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Sharks

ISHA

VARMA

AI PROMPT:

A green sea turtle laying on the beach. reptile texture. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Sea Turtles

JACK B.

AI PROMPT:

A silver bomb with legs and arms and a happy face. shiny metal texture. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT:

JACOB HUANG

AI PROMPT:

A furry grey animal with large green claws, steel horns, green eyes, and a snout. gray soft, furry texture. full body view. 3D illustration

ANIMAL EXPERT: Gorillas

JADEYN MURPHY

AI PROMPT:

Abluepenguinwithblue feathers,wearingwarrior armor,holdingaswordand shield.Antarctica background.fluffyfeather texture.fullbodyview.3D illustration

ANIMAL EXPERT: Penguins

JONNY BLOOM

AI PROMPT:

Aredpandawearing sunglasses,holdingapink lemonade,sittingonalounge chaironthebeach.fluffyfur texture.fullbodyview.3D illustration,kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Gorillas

LAYLA LEVY

AI PROMPT:

A cute dog, wearing a bow, a shirt, and pants, holding a bubble tea drink. soft fur texture. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Dolphins

LUCY

AI PROMPT:

A human dragon hybrid with pink hair, pink horns, pink wings, holding fire. reptile, scale texture. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Penguins

MAYA MAGEN

Hi! My name is Henry!

AI PROMPT:

A friendly blue shark. 3D illustration, kawaiistyle

ANIMAL EXPERT: Sharks

NORA HARTMAN

AI PROMPT:

A baby bear with brown eyes, holding a notebook and a pencil. fluffy fur texture. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Bears

NYAH GENOVESE

AI PROMPT:

A fluffy white sheep, wearing flower in hair. soft fur texture. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Dolphins

AI PROMPT:

A shark controlling water, air, earth, and fire with his fin. simple background. 3D render

ANIMAL EXPERT: Sharks

PARKER LONERGAN

RAMI ELWAKIL

AI PROMPT:

A magical alligator that has earth, wind, fire, and water coming out of its hand. full body. simple background. 3D render, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Sea Turtles

RYAN MAGUIRE

AI PROMPT:

A green turtle with a brown shell next to a taco. scale texture. 3D render, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Sea Turtles

LEILA SHEIKH

AI PROMPT:

A black panther running in lightning.

3D illustration, kawaiistyle

ANIMAL EXPERT: Sea Turtles

SLOANE MURPHY

AI PROMPT:

A mom and daughter dolphin swimming in the ocean. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Dolphins

SOPHIE

SLUTSKY GARCIA-CAMPOS

AI PROMPT:

A giraffe with lots of spots. soft fur texture. 3D illustration, kawaiistyle

ANIMAL EXPERT: Dolphins

AI PROMPT:

A silver metal stapler, wearing a baseball hat and sunglasses. metal, shiny texture. 3D illustration, kawaiistyle

ANIMAL EXPERT: Sea Turtles

TYLER MIHAILOVICH

WILLIAM CASSIDY

AI PROMPT:

An animal with two horns. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Gorillas

ZOÍ

AI PROMPT:

A girl wearing a red shirt and blue jeans. 3D illustration, kawaii-style

ANIMAL EXPERT: Bears

Introduction

By Harper C. Animal Anthology

Did you know that sharks are awesome animals? Well, if you didn't, you've come to the right place! In this book we’re going to teach you all about SHARKS!

From teeth to hunting, sharks are awesome! Did you know they don't have skin, but have cartilage?!* They also have a sixth sense! If you want to learn more about this and more about sharks in general, read on!

covered*Well!Wedohaveskin inscalescalled bones.denticles!BUT,wedon’thave Instead,ourskeletonsaremadeofcartilage.

Amazing Sharks

Chapter One: Survival

By Harper C.

Imagine you’re swimming in the waters as a shark and you need to survive. I'm going to teach you about the survival of sharks! In this chapter, you're going to learn about the survival of sharks and how it works.

Sharks need to breathe to survive, but they breathe through gills, not lungs. They have 5 gill slits to breathe through. Once the water goes in, it touches blood vessels, and they take the oxygen out of the water.

Sharks also need to hunt or eat to survive. They hunt alone or in groups. Sharks also have a lot of teeth when they chomp, and when one falls out another replaces it. Some sharks even camouflage when they hunt!

They also swim to survive. They swim in different waters all over the world. Some sharks even have to swim in order to breathe!

Sharks also use their caudal fins to swim.*

I hope you learned a lot from this chapter!

By Harper C.

Amazing Sharks

Chapter Two: Features

By Jack B.

Shapes

Shape is necessary for sharks. Their shape fits all their stuff. Without shape, bad stuff could happen to the sharks - the ears could be on his back? A couple of shark features are lateral line, ampullae, denticles, cartilage, head, gills, etc.

The lateral line doesn't really do anything, but it helps sharks rotate. Ampullae (said “am-pew-lay”) helps guide sharks in the right direction. The ocean is huge! Denticles give sharks another layer of protection so they don't drop down in the food chain. Cartilage is this squishy stuff that sharks have on their skin so they can turn faster to catch their prey.* Try wiggling your ear, feel that squishy stuff?

That's cartilage. The head is important because it fits really important stuff like the brain. The gills are important because the sharks take water from their mouths, take out the oxygen, and put the water through the gills.

*Cartilage is actually inside the sharks, not on their skin. Sharks don’t have bones like other animals. Instead their skeletons are made out of cartilage!

Chapter Three: Diet

By Parker Lonergan

A Shark’s Diet

Sharks can eat many things including eels, stingrays, crabs, shrimp, seals, baby whales, and unfortunately, baby sea turtles. Sad, isn’t it? Those are just some out of close to a hundred foods for sharks.

Did you know at least 30,000 teeth are lost throughout a shark's life?

Amazing Sharks

Getting Dinner

Sharks have many ways of getting their dinner, from scanning the floor to leaving their mouths WIDE open! Here are some ways sharks get their dinner!

A hammerhead shark just swims across the sand looking for fish (any prey underneath the sand)! Some sharks blend into the floor waiting. Some sharks leave their mouths wide open!

*It depends on the shark! On average it takes about a week to a month, but some can regrow their teeth in less than 24 hours!

Here are some teeth facts! Sharks have 5 rows of teeth!* Now that's wasting teeth!

A Megalodon's teeth are the size of pizza slices!

If you liked this chapter, there's definitely more where that

*That’s right! Most of our species have 5-15 rows of teeth in each jaw.

But, did you know bulk sharks have up to 50 rows of teeth AND whale sharks have over 300 rows of teeth?

Amazing Sharks

Chapter Four: Abilities

By Maya Magen

Many animals have lots of abilities, such as sharks that can see in the dark. That's why you sometimes see them in dark waters! Another ability is they can smell one drop of blood from miles away. That's far, am I right? Did you know they can send an electric beam from fish so they can follow them?* Also they have holes on their nose so they can know where to go. Did you know some sharks can get to be one thousand pounds? That’s heavy.

*Not quite! We don’t actually send out electric beams. Instead, we detect electric fields produced by the movement of muscles and nerves in other animals using our ampullae of Lorenzini. This helps us locate prey, especially in murky waters or buried in the sand.

Hey, did you know that sharks disappear at the top of the water? Also they have very good camouflage. Sharks have tiny holes in their head that help them find their prey. Also they can hear a heartbeat from far away. Impressive, right? Did you know their smell is 10,000 times better than ours? Did you know shark’s skin is rough, so they technically have teeth on their skin?*

Did you know sharks usually have 10 to 40 pups a year at a time? They also can bite much better than us. A type of shark is older than the dinosaurs.

*Well! We don’t have teeth on our skin. But our shark scales do look more like teeth than fish scales.

Amazing Sharks

Chapter Five: Types

By Cameron Fox

Have you ever wondered how many sharks there are? Over 400 different types. How crazy is that?! You've learned different abilities and features, but now you need to know the types. Let's have a run over for more common and known sharks:

Great White - One of the biggest alive today.

Hammerheads - The only types with hammer heads.

Nurse Shark - Biggest dog pile known.

Whale Shark - Biggest fish in the world.

Bull Shark - Swims in tropical rivers.

Cookie Cutter - Only takes bites of flesh.

Blacktip Reef - Has a black dorsal fin.

Now you know a few more commonly spoken of sharks, let's take a look at a few not so commonly spoken of sharks.

Wobbegong - Wobbegongs blend into the seafloor.

Pajama - Usually found in Kelp Forests.

Swell - Swell sharks swell up when threatened.

Frill - Frills haven’t changed a lot since prehistoric times.

Angel - Like wobbegongs, they blend into the seafloor.

Goblin - Goblin sharks have a large nose.

Dwarf - Dwarf lantern sharks are extremely small.

Greenland - The flesh of them is poisonous.

*Whoopsie,nursesharks are the ones that makesharkpiles,notlemon deservesharks!Theycertainly amedalforthat!

Amazing Sharks

Now let's look at the sharks that won first place!

Dwarf Lantern Shark: 1st Place for Smallest

The Dwarf Lantern shark is the smallest shark in the world. It can fit in the palm of your hand!!!

Whale Shark: 1st Place for Biggest

Nurse Shark: Biggest Shark Pile

It might sound weird but lemon sharks pile up in crevices with up to 36 lemon sharks.* How crazy is that?! (Also it's weird.)

Original research notes by Cameron

Fox

Conclusion

By Jack B.

Today you have learned all about sharks, from the features to the habitats of sharks. I hope you have gotten enough info about sharks today!

veryweird,but lookcloserand

Glossary

By Maya Magen

Prey - The food sharks eat.

Cartilage - The skeleton of a shark. Also the tip of your nose.

Dorsal fin - A fin to keep it from falling over.

Ampullae - The holes in a shark’s face that help them sense prey.

Denticles - Sharks have a layer of extra skin for protection.

Electroreception helps them sense prey.

Survival - How a shark lives.

Dog pile - A pile something makes.

Original research notes by Maya Magen

Original research notes by Harper C.

Introduction

By William Cassidy Animal Anthology

Do you want to know an animal that’s related to humans, that humans are hunting: gorillas! They are related to humans. In this book you will learn cool stuff about gorillas.

Now check out chapter 1.

Chapter One: Population

By Jonny Bloom

Gorillas’ population is 100,000. Orangutans’ population is approximately 70,000. Chimps' population is approximately 240,000. Bonobos' population is approximately 55,000.

Chimps’ and bonobos’ populations are very different from one another. For instance chimps’ population is 240,000 while there are only 55,000 bonobos left.* This shows there are way more chimps than bonobos.

Gorillas and orangutans are very different from one another population wise, for example gorillas’ population is 100,000, but orangutans’ population is 70,000. This shows orangutans are close to being extinct.

There are even less bonobos than you think! Updated sources say there are only about 10,000 to 20,000 bonobos left in the wild.

Chapter Two: How They Live

By William Cassidy Animal Anthology

Everyone has a family, right? So do gorillas. For gorillas, their family is called a troop. It does have 5 to 20 people. The most important is a silverback. That is when a gorilla is 12 years old. He is the leader of the troop.

Another one is a blackback. Their backs are black. It's the stage before the silverback. There's an event in between.

When a male is 11 years old or so, they leave their troop to find a female. It’s always on their own.

Did you think males were the only ones that leave their group? Wrong! Females do, too. In fact, many times it's normal.

Do you see gorillas in zoos? Those gorillas would rather be in groups instead.

Everyone has a family, right? So do gorillas. For gorillas, their family is called a troop.

Also, a silverback is the largest primate on Earth. Some people may think a silverback is lazy. Here is what a silverback does:

chooses what everyone eats for dinner stops rough playing stops fighting decides where they put their nest and how far the group is

Gorillas

Anthology

Chapter Three: Primates

By Kira Salsberg

Did you know we are related to gorillas? This is because we are primates. A primate is a mammal that is prehensile/has hands.* Types of primates include gorillas, chimpanzees, apes, lemurs, monkeys, prosimians, orangutans, gibbons, bonobos, marmosets, tamarins, and us…humans! The largest primate is a gorilla that can weigh up to 172 kg! Most smaller primates like lemurs and monkeys are in the trees while the larger ones like gorillas and chimpanzees prefer the ground. All primates besides humans have opposable thumbs.** Other animals that are mammals aren't considered primates if they have paws.*** Gorillas, orangutans, and chimpanzees are part of the great apes. Now you know how we are related to gorillas!

*Did you know not all primates have prehensile hands? For example, some have prehensile tails instead! Primates are mammals that have prehensile hands or tails, large brains relative, and complex behaviors.

**Well, that’s not quite right! Actually humans DO have opposable thumbs.

That’s how they are able to write, build, and use tools!

***That’s on the right track! Primates are distinct from other mammals that have paws (like cats and dogs) because of their grasping hands and feet, larger brains, and complex behaviors.

Gorillas

Chapter Five: Habitats

By Jacob Huang

Hmmm...where are my gorilla friends hiding?

Gorillas live in the rainforest. I think they live in the rainforest because the trees help them hide from predators. I think the rainforest is really good for gorillas, because they eat plants, and the rainforest is full of plants.

Conclusion

By Kira Salsberg

Inconclusion,you've gorillaslearnedaboutwhere primates,live,gorillatroops, endangerment,populations, ANDSOMUCHMORE!

You’ve learned the similarities between gorillas and us humans, populations and endangered gorillas, the amount left on earth, and their habitats destroyed! You're almost a gorilla expert. You know so much about gorillas now. Go off and teach your friends what you’ve learned.

Glossary

By Caroline Lewis

Pollution - Dirty air as a result of trash.

Troops - A form/group of primates (except for humans).

Silverback - The leader of the troops.

Population - How much there is of something.

*That’s partially correct! Most primates, including humans, gorillas, and chimpanzees, have opposable thumbs. However, some primates, like certain New World monkeys, do not have fully opposable thumbs, but they can still grasp objects.

Gorillas

Original research notes by William Cassidy

T TUURRTTLLEES S

Sea Turtles

Chapter One: Predators and Prey

By Tyler Mihailovich Predators

Oh no! A turtle’s enemy! Is it a shark? A seagull? Dogs, raccoons, and fish eat the turtle eggs. But humans who eat turtle eggs are called poachers.

Prey

Yum, yum, yum, food! Turtles love to eat crabs, squid, shrimp, tube sponge, sea grass, algae, and… JELLYFISH — a turtle’s favorite!*

Conclusion

Thank you for looking at Predators and Prey! Bye!

Animal Anthology

Chapter Two: Types of Sea Turtles

By Isha Varma

Have you ever seen a sea turtle? Did you know what type it was? Well in this chapter, you will learn all about sea turtle types and facts about them! The next time you see a turtle, you will know exactly what type it is! There are seven types of sea turtles. Each sea turtle type has special features.

The loggerhead is the most common sea turtle in the southeast United States (around Florida). It gets its name from its large head. This means that if you live near Florida and have seen a sea turtle, you probably saw a loggerhead. Loggerheads can swim up to a third of the world.*

The flatback got its name from its flat body. It is the only sea turtle that doesn't live in United States waters. It lives near Australia. This makes me think there must be lots of those types of turtles there. Flatbacks stay close to home. This turtle nests only on remote beaches of northern Australia** and spends its day floating in the water and basking in the sun!!

*Not quite! Loggerheads are known for their extensive migrations but do not typically swim up to a third of the world. They usually stay within certain ocean regions.

**Yes! AND they are also known to live in parts of Papua New Guinea and Indonesia.

Some green sea turtles (also known as the green turtle, black turtle, or Pacific green turtle***) stay clean by visiting a turtle wash! Turtles choose a "cleaning station" where groups of cleaner fish stand by to groom the turtles!

They eat the barnacles, algae, parasites, and other ocean gunk from the turtle’s skin and body!

The olive ridley gets its name from its olive colored and heart shaped shell. Every year, thousands of female olive ridley turtles take over beaches.

They gather in the water before and after laying eggs because thousands of turtles nearby can fend off predators trying to steal eggs. This makes me think being in a group is more powerful.

Sea Turtles

Animal Anthology

The hawksbill is a critically endangered sea turtle. They have an unusual diet: sponges. They are named after their hawk-like beaks, which pluck sponges from the cracks and crevices of coral. Most animals can't eat these toxic sponges, but these turtles gobble 1,200 pounds of it every year. This makes me think they must have something in their diet that helps them digest this toxic food.

The Kemp's ridley was named after Richard Kemp, who helped study and discover it. It is the smallest type of sea turtle, but that doesn't mean it's tiny.

The 70-100 pound adult reptile weighs more than most tenyear-old humans! These turtles can also build their nests in 50 minutes. That's half the time the other types take to lay eggs! This makes me think that the biggest type of sea turtle must be really heavy!

Animal Anthology

Chapter Three: Turtle Eggs

By Freddie C. and Ryan Maguire

This chapter is all about sea turtle eggs. They are super amazing, maybe even cooler than you can think. They are so, so, so, so, so, so, so, so, so amazing and I hope you are eager to find out.

Turtlesareso,so,so,soCOOL!

How Eggs Are Made

The first thing you need to know is that the egg comes out of the cloaca. The next thing is that the baby turtle is inside the mother. Later, a shell hardens around the turtle, and then the eggs are laid.*

Predators Before They Hatch

The first thing you should know is that there are a lot of predators before the turtles even hatch. Let me name a few: lizards, raccoons, dogs, and even humans. There is a person called a poacher who steals the eggs and sells them. They are mean.

*You are almost there! The eggs are wrapped in a soft, leathery shell inside of the oviduct (part of the reproductive system) as they move toward the cloaca. The shells are soft when first laid. They gradually harden over time by absorbing of calcium from the sand in their environment.

Sea Turtles

Animal Anthology

**Well! Eggs aren’t inside the cloaca, rather they pass through the cloaca. The cloaca is an opening that allows turtles to pee, poop, release eggs, and even helps some turtle species breathe underwater!

This part is about how many eggs are in one cloaca (butt). Scientists estimate that about 100-200 eggs are laid in the sand from one cloaca.**

This is helpful for them because when they hatch there are many of them, so they can survive and go through the egg hatching again.

Sea Turtles

You are probably wondering how many sea turtles survive after they are born. Well, the chances are that only one in one thousand sea turtles survive because predators such as birds, crabs, and more eat them! This explains why sea turtles are endangered.

Baby sea turtles need to go very fast to the sea because of the predators.

In conclusion…

Now you know all about eggs! But, in the future if you see any poaching by poachers, tell a trusted adult and they will take care of it because sea turtles are very endangered.

Animal

Anthology

Chapter Four: Hatchlings

By Leila Sheikh

Imagine you're walking on the beach and you see something crawling its way out of the sand and to the sea! That's a hatchling! Hatchlings are 3 inches long. A hatchling is a baby sea turtle.

Where/When They Hatch

Baby hatchlings hatch in the spring, but it might take at least a week to get out of the sand! If you want to see them hatch, then go to Costa Rica.

Getting to the Sea

3 inches long and may never see their parents again if they make it to the sea!

Oof that was a close one! As seagulls try to grab a snack out of the turtles, they try to get to the sea. When they do (if they make it) they may never see his/her parent again!

Now you know all about hatchlings!

Sea Turtles

Chapter Five: Life Cycle of a Sea Turtle

By Tyler Mihailovich

Chapter Six: Sea Turtle or Tortoise or Turtle???

By Isha Varma

1, 2, or 3?

Which one is it? Option 1, 2, or 3?

Have you ever wondered what the difference between sea turtles, tortoises, and turtles are?

Well in this chapter, you are going to learn all about the differences of the three and in the end, you will be able to know which one is which!

Animal

Anthology

One difference is that sea turtles' habitat is underwater while tortoises’ and turtles’ habitats are on land. This means that if you see any type of turtle on land it has to be a turtle OR a tortoise, unless it is on a beach. Then it COULD be a sea turtle coming ashore to lay its eggs or a green sea turtle coming ashore to warm itself up.

Another difference is that tortoises have high, bumpy shells, while sea turtles and turtles have flat shells. This makes me think that the tortoise has a big shell because it needs to fit its legs and head in comfortably.

A third difference is tortoises have elephant-like feet—they move very slowly. Turtles have webbed feet to help when they go for a swim and sea turtles have fused toes to help go fast in the water. This makes me think sea turtles and turtles must have similar feet because they both use their feet to swim.

A fourth difference is tortoises love their veggies; as a rule, they only eat plants. Turtles eat a variety of plants and animals — but some species only eat animals. Most sea turtles eat animals or a mix of plants and animals.

This makes me think they have similar diets.

Now that you know all about the differences between tortoises, turtles, and sea turtles — do you think the next time you see a type of turtle you’ll be able to figure out the type? I sure do! Bye!

Chapter Seven: Danger!

By Isha Varma

Did you know that there are multiple things that harm sea turtles? In this chapter, you are going to learn all about what harms sea turtles. There are many things that aren't predators that can harm sea turtles. Plastic can look like food and turtles can get stuck in fishing nets.

Plastic can look like jellyfish, a turtle's favorite food. When sea turtles eat it, they can get hurt or even die! Thousands of pieces of trash go into the ocean every day. Sea turtles are endangered because of plastic. Help stop it!

Sea Turtles

In 2010, a big oil spill leaked into the Gulf of Mexico, harming marine life. Sea turtles were hurt a lot.

Trash isn't the only danger, turtles can also get stuck in fishing nets. Building lights can confuse hatchlings so they don't get to sea. Sometimes people even step on sea turtle nests by accident. Poor sea turtles! In 2010, a big oil spill leaked into the Gulf of Mexico, harming marine life. Sea turtles were hurt a lot.

Now that you know all about what harms sea turtles, try and help stop it by doing simple things, like picking up trash. There are many things that harm sea turtles. Maybe you even have your own ideas on how to help! This is important because even small actions like these can help. What if everyone did this? You would make an impact! Bye!

Chapter Eight: Organs and Body Parts!

By Rami Elwakil

Organs and body parts are what make turtles turtles. They are important, and we're going to learn about them.

Sea Turtles

*Actually,compared totheirbodysize, turtleshaverelatively smallbrains.

The bones are really important. They help the turtle move its flippers. Turtles have pretty big brains.* Also their shell isn't just for protecting, it helps them glide in the water.

Chapter Nine: How To Help The Turtles

By Tyler Mihailovich

Oh no! Trash on the beach! Let's help by picking up trash on the beach!

Lights

When baby turtles hatch they follow the moonlight, but city lights confuse the turtles. So we should turn off the lights that could be seen from the beach.

Respect

If you see a sign that says “turtle nesting area,” don't go on the beach. Respect the turtles.

Sea Turtles

Animal Anthology

Conclusion

By Rami Elwakil

Now that you're an expert on sea turtles, you can teach someone else all about what you learned. These fascinating creatures are endangered, so please keep our waters clean to keep them safe and alive.

Jokes

By Isha Varma

Now close the book and get out of here!

How does the sea turtle have fun on its birthday?

Answer: A shell-ebration

What do you say to a sea turtle begging for food?

Answer: You're being Shell-fish.

How do sea turtles communicate?

Answer: On their shell-A-Phone

Poem

By Leila Sheikh

urduly awesome. tterly cute. eally fast. errifically old. ucky for us to help. ndangered.

Sea Turtles

THE THE TO TO ULTIMATE ULTIMATE GUIDE GUIDE

PENGUINS

By Eleanor Rothman, Ariyana, Lucy S., Jadeyn Murphy, and Asher Glass

Animal Anthology

Introduction to the Ultimate Guide to Penguins

By Eleanor Rothman

Have you ever wondered how a penguin starts its life and the facts of penguins, the babies, and the crazy question of why penguins can't fly and more? Then, skip Harry Potter and read

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

Chapter One: A Penguin’s Cute Start - First Steps

By Ariyana

Different penguins have different starts! You will learn about penguin chicks in this chapter from how chicks are taken care of to the emperor penguin’s journey to reproduce. In this part, you will learn about the incredible journey the emperor penguin makes to reproduce. (P.S. No, it is not the life cycle. That will be covered in a different chapter.) The males walk for a really long time to get to the breeding grounds (about a week). They find a female and start courting by calling and bowing.

Then, they have to walk to rookeries. Once they reach the rookery, the female lays one egg and she carefully passes the egg to the male. They have to be careful because if the egg stays out for too long it will freeze to death.

Animal Anthology

Then the fathers huddle together to keep warm. In spring, the chick hatches and wants food. The father regurgitates a fat to feed the chick.* It's been 125 days since the father has gone without eating.** The mother comes back to take care of the chick. The father goes to eat and they take turns caring for the chick until it can take care of itself.

*Well, almost! Parents do feed chicks regurgitated food, but it's not just fat. It's a mixture of partially digested fish and krill, full of protein and fats, which provides essential nutrients for the chick's growth.

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

**Well, this is not quite accurate for most species. The exact fasting period depends on the species and how far they travel to look for food. Emperor penguins have the longest fast, lasting around 60-100 days. Other species might fast for shorter durations.

Different penguins do different things they do to their young. Here are a few things they do:

Macaroni penguins lay 2 eggs, but they kick out one egg. So, one chick gets the foot.

Chicks have fluffy feathers, so they can't swim, but they eventually grow sleek.

Fun fact: Emperor penguin chicks have a part on their beak called an “egg tooth” they use to break out of the egg.

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

In the 3rd stage of a penguin’s life, they have the most fur, but it looks like they only have fur and no neck. In this stage their parents have left them and they are not called chicks. They are called fledglings. As a penguin gets older, its swimming, its hunting, and communicating get better and finally it is ready to huddle with the others to keep warm and then have a chick of their own.

*Well, actually penguins don't have a physical pouch like kangaroos. However, young penguin chicks do huddle between their parents' bodies for warmth and protection, which forms a "brood patch" with their parents' warm feathers. This "pouch" isn't a literal pouch, but rather a position they stay in for warmth and safety.

Finally, I hope after this if you see a penguin, you will know what life stage it’s in.

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

Chapter Three: Predator Peril

By Lucy S.

Although penguins seem like they have good lives, their predators make their lives worse.

Their main predators are leopard seals and orcas. Some other predators include wild dogs, snakes, and sharks.

A polar bear is NOT a natural predator! Penguins live in the Antarctic, while polar bears are in the arctic! They have to swim a long way.

Predators have many ways to kill penguins. A basic one is the thrash, used by leopard seals. This involves grabbing penguins and thrashing them in the water.

The wobble is a tactic used by Orcas. They jump on pieces of ice with penguins on it to tilt it so that the Penguins slide off into the water, so that the orcas can eat them for lunch.*

There are many dangers to penguins in the sea, and there are many more on land! This includes wild dogs, rats, and snakes. There are more penguin predators than you think and there are dangers to chicks too,** which we will talk about later. I hope this chapter helped you understand the penguin dangers.

TheEnd

**see chapter Awakening to Danger

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

*Well, not exactly! "Wobbling" isn't a documented behavior for orcas. There's no scientific evidence of orcas intentionally tilting ice to make penguins fall in. Instead orcas use two techniques: strand feeding and breaching. Strand feeding is when orcas herd penguins towards the shore, trapping them on beaches or shallow water where they are easier to catch. Breaching is when orcas use their powerful bodies to launch themselves partially out of the water, creating a wave that can knock penguins off the ice into the water.

Chapter Four: From the Iron Age to the Penguin Age!

By Jadeyn Murphy and Eleanor Rothman

Penguins evolved over time from emperor penguins to gentoo penguins to macaroni penguins and today we will be learning all about the evolution of penguins. The first penguin species scientists have found are giant penguins.

But as time went on they found many more species of penguins and by 2018 scientists have found 18 different types of penguins. And what they found out is crazy. What is it?! Take a guess. It's that king penguins are taller than Animal Anthology

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

Giant penguins are the fattest and the tallest species of the 18 types of penguins.

Emperor penguins scientists thought they were bigger than the king penguin for about a year.*

*Actually it is the opposite! Emperor penguins are in fact the taller species compared to king penguins. Emperor penguins are about 3.3 to 4 feet tall on average.King penguins typically reach heights of about 3 feet.

**Macaroni penguinsare actuallyjust above2feet.

Original research notes by Jadeyn Murphy

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

Chapter Five: Awakening to Danger

By Lucy S. and Eleanor Rothman

Have you ever seen a video of an animal eating another animal and have thought all about it all day?

Well, if you're brave then you should totally read this chapter. There are predators to full grown penguins but more predators for chicks.

I couldn’t name them all, but here the main ones skua, snakes, wild dogs, and rats. Skuas can easily eat baby penguins and they do this, how, you are wondering? Well, one skua distracts the full grown penguin, while the other snatches the eggs and/or chicks and eats them!

I hope you have learned something from this chapter about predators to baby penguins!

The end :)

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

Chapter Six: Terrific Types!

By Asher Glass

When you think of penguins, which type do you think of? Well, there's a lot. 18 types!

The most famous would totally be the emperor, but the king is good, too! The king penguin can reach 4ft tall, but the emperor is 3ft.* Both types also have orange around their necks.

There are some penguins that most people don't know, like the yellow-eyed. It is the rarest type and only lives in New Zealand. Also, the jackass penguin most people don't know. It was discovered very recently!

Some penguins are special in their eyes! One is the rockhopper. It has red eyes! There are 3 types of rockhopper: northern, southern, and eastern.

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

Original research notes by Ariyana

Chapter Seven: Daring Escape!

By Lucy S. and Jadeyn Murphy

As seen in Predator Peril and Awakening to Danger, there are a lot of penguin predators and ways to escape, too!

If a penguin sees a leopard seal, it won't go in the water, and if it is in the water and sees a predator, it swims down. There are more ways to escape, but my arm is getting very tired, sooo yeah!

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

Chapter Eight: Wings Of Water

By Jadeyn Murphy

Part One

Ever heard of the bird that won't fly?* Well, if you don't know, that's a penguin! I'll be telling you all about them. Well, at least the-can't-fly part. Ready? LET’S GO! Unlike most birds, penguins cannot fly! Their wings are too short and stumpy, plus, they don't need to fly! This shows penguins can survive without flight. Penguin's bones are too big to fly compared to others. But they are fast and

Animal Anthology

PartTwo:PoolTime

Gentoo penguins can hold their breath for 22 minutes!**

This is important because penguins have to hold their breath to go underwater for a bit to search for food.

Eventhoughpenguinscannot keepfly,theirflippers/wings theyoutthecoldwaterso don'tgetchilly!

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

Part Three: Dig a Little Deeper!

So you know already that penguins can't fly, but let's dig a little deeper! I mean, possibly penguins not flying could also be because of their body fat and…PLUMPNESS! Probably if they tried they’d just fall. This may make you think, "Is there anything else to learn?" Well, if you’re thinking that, there is never too much to learn about penguins! In fact, scientists believe penguins can't fly because in the past, they didn't have anything to fly away from because they likely had no predators or very little in the old days, which means they never evolved to fly because they didn't need to. So instead they evolved to more aquatic habitats for evolution. But about 60 million years ago, they could fly but soon lost that ability.

**That’s a bit exaggerated. While gentoo penguins are impressive breathholders, studies have documented dives up to around 7 minutes. The current record for the longest penguin dive belongs to emperor penguins, at over 32 minutes.

In conclusion, penguins cannot fly because they don't need to, and they seem pretty happy without the ability to fly! Penguins are special to the Antarctic and other places they live. They have evolved to match these amazing (usually by water) habitats, and homes. They may be heavy, but they sure are cute! I really hope you learned a lot in this amazing chapter. ‘Till next time!

Chapter Nine: Water Pollutions & Climate Change

By Asher Glass

A lot is making the penguin world disappear: ice caps melting, oil in the sea, etc. We need to stop this.

Quick, before the penguins are gone!

One way we can save Antarctica is by burning less fossil fuels. Quick, before the penguins are gone! Make sure you keep the penguins alive.

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

Conclusion

By Jadeyn Murphy

In summary, penguins are awesome! And if you identify something awesome about them, YOU SHOULD SHARE IT WITH THE WORLD!

You've learned all about penguins and why they can't fly, their life cycle, different types, predators, and penguin's babies! PLUS MORE! We hope you learned all about penguins!

Glossary

By Asher Glass

Rookeries (Ruk-er-ees) - Rookeries are places where eggs are kept.

Regurgitate (Ree-gur-ja-tate) - Penguins throw up food into their baby's mouth.

Countershading - Penguins have black on their back, and white on their belly.

Fledgling (fle-dge-ling) - Teenage penguin.

Brood (br-oo-d) - Where a hatchling is kept.

Hatchling - A newly hatched penguin.

A kindergarten by some adults.

Waddle

The Ultimate Guide to Penguins

DAZZLING DAZZLING THE THE & & DYNAMIC DYNAMIC

DOLPHINS DOLPHINS

Introduction

By Nyah Genovese

Our names are Nyah, Lara, Sophie, Sloane, and Layla. We are going to teach you all about…

So come read our book and learn all about dolphins!

Chapter One: Kinds of Dolphins

By Layla Levy The Dazzling and Dynamic Dolphins

Have you ever met a dolphin in person before? And if so, what kind? Well, you’ll learn in this very chapter of this very book.

We can start with dusky dolphins! Dusky dolphins look very unique, and if you just saw it while swimming in the ocean, you may not have known that it was a dolphin! And, did you know that dusky dolphins are very curious, so they like to swim near boats and explore! These dolphins are very fast and speedy and love jumping and leaping above the water! They are also known for helping humans and other dolphins and sea creatures who are in trouble. They also have very good eyesight.

Now maybe we can talk about orcas or killer whales? They are the largest members of the dolphin family! And despite their name they aren’t whales at all!*

*Wellll, not quite! Orcas are classified as toothed whales within the dolphin family (Delphinidae), but they belong to a separate subfamily (Orcininae) separate from most dolphins. While orcas are large dolphins, they aren't the absolute biggest. The title actually goes to the false killer whale, which can be slightly longer.

Animal

Anthology

As orca's hunt for food they too, like most other dolphins, circle their prey! Orcas also sometimes eat baby dolphins! That's crazy right!?

Ithinkwehavetosay goodbyefornow,butwe hadfuninthischapter.But seeyouinthenextchapter. Byyyyye!

The Dazzling and Dynamic Dolphins

Chapter Two: Predators and Prey

By Nyah Genovese

My name is Nyah Genovese and my topic is dolphins! (prey and bait) And I have a question. Have you ever seen a dolphin jump up from the water and snag something from the air? And you're like, "What is that??" Well, today I'm teaching about what dolphins eat.

Chapter two is called Predators and Prey. Predators and Prey is about what dolphins eat. They eat a lot of stuff! Here are all the things they eat!

Ya, they love to eat, but do you know what they love more? PLAYING! But that's not my chapter. So ya, they eat sort of like us!

The Dazzling and Dynamic Dolphins

Chapter Three: Environment

By Lara G. Maslowski

The environment of a dolphin stretches from the ocean to the seas. River dolphins live in rivers and dusky dolphins live in the oceans.

In the zoo, dolphins are properly cared for by humans. They get fed 7-10 times a day. They perform shows every day and are monitored 24/7.

Keep reading to find out more!

In the wild, dolphins are free to do whatever they want. They also catch their own food and survive predators. They can play all day long with almost no worries, 7 days of the week.

In The Zoo

In The Wild

Chapter Four: Echolocation

By Sophie Slutsky Garcia-Campos

Have you ever been in the ocean and heard a sound or felt something? It's really rare, but that might have been an echolocation coming from a dolphin. If you don't know what echolocation is, I'll tell you. It's a sound that dolphins use to communicate. How it works is it bounces off the water.* Facts:

Their skin is very soft. Some dolphins can jump up to 20 feet! (Wow!) They’re very playful and gentle!

*Let’s be more specific! Dolphins use a complex system of whistles, clicks, and body language to communicate. Echolocation is used to identify and locate their surroundings. To do this, dolphins emit high-frequency clicks that bounce off objects in the water, like fish or prey, and then interpret the echoes. Yeahdolphins!

The Dazzling and Dynamic Dolphins

Chapter Five: Life Cycle

By Lara G. Maslowski

*Newborn dolphin calves can't swim independently right away. Did you know that the mother helps them stay afloat and guides them to the surface for their first breath?

Animal Anthology

Growing Up

As a child dolphins love playing. And by playing I mean throw and catch, tag, and even, hide a whistle! As a child, dolphins love to play but when mama calls out he knows he must return home. Even with all the fun and games the youngsters must be careful. Speed-boats can harm them, and they could be hunted by humans or whales.** Growing up a dolphin's life is hard and fun!

**Yes! AND getting tangled in fishing gear is also a big threat.

Part of A Pack

As a dolphin gets older they become part of a pack. A pack is a group of dolphins. As dolphins mature they must learn to work together. They need to work together to catch prey and protect each other. They swim together and do echolocation.

The Dazzling and Dynamic Dolphins

Adulthood

As an adult, dolphins catch fish in a bait ball. A bait ball is a large group of fish often in a school of fish. Adult dolphins mate with each other. When they mate they stay in the same pack. Then, they have their baby and the life cycle begins again.

Animal Anthology

Chapter Six: Calves

By Sloane Murphy

Today we're going to learn about calves. I know what you're thinking, “Farm animals? This is a dolphin book,” I mean baby dolphins.

One thing you need to know about a calf is they LOVE to play. They hide behind coral and ride currents. One thing they do is jump into the sky.

A second topic you need to know is what they eat. They eat like 2-3 times an hour. Sucking is drinking milk. When they grow older they eat fish like minnows and other small fish.

The life cycle of a dolphin has many parts. A life cycle is the parts of a life. A dolphin’s life cycle is very interesting, keep reading to know what I know.

But a baby dolphin’s life is not just fun and games. There's also predators like orca, whales or sharks.

Now back to the fun. Baby dolphins are social animals. They hang out in nursery pods. Nursery pods are safe pods that take care of baby dolphins.

The Dazzling and Dynamic Dolphins

Baby dolphins love to jump up into the air. A grown up dolphin jumps up to 20 feet.*

*While 20 feet is super impressive, bottlenose dolphins, for example, have been recorded to jump over 30 feet!!

Baby dolphins also hide behind coral. Coral is not a plant.

Baby dolphins blow bubbles.

Facts

Did you know that some dolphin's can jump up to 20 FEET!

Every dolphin has one whistle that's its own, a bit like our human names!

The Dazzling and Dynamic Dolphins

Now that you've learned a ton about dolphins you can go read the next book about your new favorite animal, dolphins!

Animal Anthology

Glossary

By Lara G. Maslowski

Pack - A group of dolphins ranging from 5 to 200!

Echolocation - The clicks, whistles, and clacks dolphins do to communicate.

Dolphins - A marine mammal that can go up to 20 feet in the air.

Predators - The hunter or attacker of an animal.

Prey - The animal getting hunted.

Environment - Where an animal lives.

Calf - Baby dolphin.

National zoo - A place where they keep dolphins.

The Dazzling and Dynamic Dolphins

BEARBEARBEARBEARS TASTIC TASTIC TASTIC

Animal Anthology

Introduction

By Aviva Weiss and Zoí

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be a bear? The first thing that you're gonna learn about is types of bears, and learn more awesome things!

Ifyouwanttolearn moreaboutbears, keepreading!

Bear-tastic Bears

Chapter One: Types of Bears and What They Eat

By Abdurrahman Rustam

Picture this. You’re in the wild and see a bear and you want to observe it but you don't know about bears that much. But in this chapter you will learn things about all 8 types of bears and what they eat!

Polar Bear

names like "great white bear” or "sea bear."

*Polar bears are the largest land carnivores, but the title of biggest bear goes to the Kodiak bear, a subspecies of the brown bear. However, polar bears can still be massive!

Last two facts, polar bears are the biggest type of bear.* They can weigh up to 7 men! Finally, polar bears have webbed feet, also to help them swim. This makes me think that polar bears have many features.

Bear-tastic Bears

Brown Bear

Brown bears are the second largest type of bear. They weigh about five men. Also, like polar bears, they have common names like the famous name for it...grizzly bear! Another fun fact, they can be different colors!

That's right. They can be black to blonde or white. Also if you look veeery closely at their claws it's actually around and about 4 inches long. These claws are used for getting its food. This shows how these bears can do amazing things.

North American Black Bear

North American black bears just weigh a little bit less than brown bears. Also, in their name it says "North American BLACK BEAR," but not all North American black bears are black. Some are cinnamon colored and more. Also like brown bears, North American black bears have claws that are used for climbing. They are also highly adaptable. Finally, the cubs escape danger by climbing up trees.

Spectacled Bears

If you see a bear with white fur around its face it's a spectacled bear. Spectacled bears have two names: spectacled bear and Andean bear. They also weigh around two men and love being in trees. Also they can make nests and use this for looking for predators and food.

Animal Anthology

Black Bear

Asiatic black bears weigh about 100 pounds more than a spectacled bear. Also you know it's an Asiatic bear if the bear has a crescent moon shape on their chest, and prefers to live in hills. Finally, an Asiatic black bear’s nest looks like a large bird's nest.**

Bear

Sloth bears weigh about the same as spectacled bears. Sloth bears have two common names: sloth bear and honey bear (although they eat termites and ants). Sloth bears actually have no front top teeth. The reason is because they suck up the food they eat. They have adapted to get insects with their three inch claws. Finally, sloth bears blow away dirt from mounds so they can get their food. This is important because if sloth bears don't do this, they can have a hard time getting their food, and food is extremely important to a bear’s life.

**Asiatic black bears don't build nests like birds. They may use caves, crevices, or simple platforms of leaves and branches for denning, but not necessarily for raising young.

Asiatic

Sloth

Bear-tastic Bears

Sun Bear

Have you ever seen a really small bear that you almost never heard of? Well, that's probably a sun bear. Sun bears are the smallest and least studied bear in the world! (little hint about the next subtopic→) Like pandas, sun bears are great climbers. They also have a great grip which helps them climb. This is important because climbing can help them escape predators and get their food. Also, sun bears spend most of their time sleeping and sunbathing on branches and have thick fur that protects them from insect bites. This is important because without it, sun bears would have a hard time getting food or not even get any.

***Hey, that’s me! I can share a bit more reasoning with you. Did you know that pandas have a similar digestive system to carnivores? That’s why digesting plant fibers, like grass, is hard for us!

If you go to China and see an animal that looks like a bear but is black and white you might have come across a panda! But pandas don't have fur that's white and black their whole life. After 4 months since the panda was born it grows white fur and later on grows black fur. Also, you may notice pandas always eat bamboo. The reason they do this is because stuff like grass is not easy to digest, like bamboo.*** Finally, pandas are great climbers. They like climbing for fun, sleeping, hiding, and other things.

Animal Anthology

What do bears eat?

You might think bears like honey which is true... but bears eat a lot of other things. A bear's diet can contain grass, fruit, maybe even seals and more. Some bears also eat insects like sloth bears. They like termites and ants. Now, let's see some different bears’ diets.

First, panda bear: They eat bamboo and bamboo and bamboo – practically the only thing they eat.

Second, polar bear: A polar bear eats fruits, grass kelp, and seals.****

Finally a special one, spectacled bears. They eat stuff, but mostly their favorite food, called “bromeliad” (which is a plant).

Conclusion

Now you know all about types of bears and what they eat. Next time you see a bear, you can identify it and see what it is. I hope this chapter becomes useful next time you see a bear.

****Well, yes! But polar bears mainly eat seals. They might occasionally eat kelp, but this is rare and typically due to a lack of seals in the area.

Bear-tastic Bears

Chapter Two: Body Features

By Nora Hartman

A bear's body is very useful and helpful in its habitat. It helps it survive in many ways including finding mates, finding food, and locating cubs. A bear's fur is very helpful in its environment. Its coat helps it repel water, protects it from coldness, heat, insects, branches, and dirt, and helps it camouflage into its surroundings. Bears also have two kinds of fur. Underfur protects it from high temperatures,* and guard hair helps it camouflage.

Sharp claws are always out, ready to work. They use them to dig in dens which they sleep in during the winter. They are very long, almost as long as a whiteboard eraser! Their nails must get DIRTY!

Bears use their noses in incredibly useful ways. They use it to find mates and their cubs, detect danger, find food, and navigate the way through their habitat. Their sense of smell is STRONG!

When a bear hibernates its heart rate slows down from 60 beats per minute, to 6 beats per minute. This preserves energy. If a human were to rest for months, their bones would break down. But that doesn't happen to bears. A chemical in their bodies prevents bone breakdown.

Bears have 42 teeth, some are flat for munching on plants. Others are sharp for tearing meat. A big layer of fat under a bear's skin keeps it warm during hibernation. It also serves as food during its sleep.

I hope you learned from this chapter! Keep reading for more information.

*Actually, this dense, soft layer of fur helps insulate bears against cold temperatures, not high temperatures.

Bears Bears

Chapter Three: Babies

By Zoí

Have you ever wondered how animals are born? Some are born in eggs of the mother’s womb! But like many other animals, the bear is born from the mother’s womb. When polar bears are cubs, EVEN if they're 1 year old, they are still delicate. It's because they don't have the strength as an adult polar bear. When they are born, they weigh a pound and a half! That is less than a newborn human BABY! They also have an evolving skull. That means their skull grows overtime! Pretty cool, right?

Also, did you know, when a newborn panda is born, they are pink EVERYWHERE! It may sound cute, but they look UGLY!

When newborn panda cubs are born, they are about the size of an adult thumbnail. Pretty small, right?! Also, did you know, when a newborn panda is born, they are pink EVERYWHERE! It may sound cute, but they look UGLY! And just like polar bear cubs, panda cubs, they also don't have the strength and mind as an adult! And guess what!? You just learned about 2 awesome bear species of babies! Pretty cool, right?! Keep reading about bears to find out more!

By Zoí

Bear-tastic Bears

Original research notes by Zoí

Chapter Four: Hunting

By Coltrane

Have you ever wanted to know how a bear hunts? Well… you will know it. Ya ya!

First, not all bears eat meat. Pandas don't hunt! And so do spectacled bears.

Some actually eat bugs. Like sloth bears, moon bears, and sun bears. Sloth bears don't have any front teeth! So they suck the bugs right into their mouth.

Grizzlies and black bears eat anything they find, like berries, meat, leaves, you name it.

Chapter Five: Habitat

By Aviva Weiss

Well, today is your lucky day. Let's start off with the polar bear.

Polar bears live mostly in the arctic but some in Canada!!! Yeah, Canada. Here’s a secret: “Polar bears live all over the world.”*

The next bear is a brown bear. They live in forests and mountains, Canada, Alaska, Russia, and a few in Europe!

Now you know about brown bears, but do you know about the giant panda? Pandas live in Asia!!! In forests close to bamboo. Now you know all about bears and where bears live. I hope you learned a lot. Remember all these bears and where they live and maybe one day you will explore the world of bears. ‘Till next time.

*Psssst! This secret is not really accurate. Polar bears do not live all over the world. They are native to the

Arctic region and do not inhabit regions outside the Arctic.

Bear-tastic Bears

Bear-tastic Bears

Glossary

By Nora Hartman

Environment (in-viy-urn-ment) - The place where bears live.

Camouflage - Blend into its habitat.

Cubs - Baby bears.

Species - Different kinds of bears.

Hibernation - A big sleep that a bear does during the winter.

Conclusion

By Zoí

Now you have learned all about bears! Keep learning about bears to get fun facts and help protect them from becoming extinct!

Bear-tastic Bears

A GIANT thank you to Ms. Bouchard, the students and families from Class 3-509, and the GIANT team members who made this publication possible.

BookConcept&Planning

AzadehJamalian,PhD

AimeeBouchard

RebeccaSchifilliti

BookDesign&Development

RebeccaSchifilliti

MayaHood-Wilson

RamaDeshpande

AzadehJamalian,PhD

GIANTKidAuthors& Researchers

Abdurrahman Rustam, Ariyana, AsherGlass,AvivaWeiss,Cameron Fox, Caroline Lewis, Coltrane, Eleanor Rothman, Freddie C., Harper C., Isha Varma, Jack B., Jacob Huang, Jadeyn Murphy, Jonny Bloom, Kira Salsberg, Lara

G. Maslowski, Layla Levy, Leila Sheikh,LucyS.,MayaMagen,Nora Hartman, Nyah Genovese, Parker

Lonergan, Rami Elwakil, Ryan

Maguire, Sloane Murphy, Sophie

Slutsky Garcia-Campos, Tyler

Mihailovich, William Cassidy, and Zoí

ABOUT The GIANT Room

The GIANT Remix platform provides a suite of tools that helps youngcreatorsbringtheirideastolife,developedandproduced by the kids at The GIANT Room co-design lab. Based on the GIANTproprietarymethodologyofcreativeSTEMeducation,The GIANT Remix publishes young learners' creations through a storytellingmedium,whileincorporatingschoolsubjectsandSEL tools.

Most recently, The GIANT Remix has been available to families through classroom pilot programs and online, community Creative Bootcamps. GIANT kids have co-designed, published, and shared over 800 storybooks, journals, trading cards, game sets, and comic books over the last year. The GIANT Room has also partnered with the New York City Department of Education’sCS4AllSepJr.programtocreateaclassroomguide that teaches AI literacy based on The GIANT Remix methodology.

TheGIANTRoomisdedicatedtoamplifyingchildren'svoicesand empowering them to design our collective future through storytellingandcreativeSTEM.Sinceitsinceptionin2018bytwo women founders with PhDs in education from Columbia University, the company has positively impacted over 35,000 children and families through IRL and online programs and has forged partnerships with the foremost educational and cultural institutions through in-person events and activations, published researchreports,co-designprograms,professionaldevelopment curriculum and execution, and most recently, GIANT Remix bootcamps and publications. As an established leader in childguided creative learning experiences, The GIANT Room has collaborated with renowned organizations including Sesame Workshop,TEDEdClubs,andLEGOEducation.

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