THE MONTHLY BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
KDN PP 1050/12/2012 (030192) ISSN 0126-9909 NOVEMBER 2015
SECTOR SECTOR
Number 11, November 2015
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COVER NOTE
Adapting to Changes 5
Weathering The Oil Price Storm ...........................6
Making Changes and Adjustments ......................10
FEATURE ARTICLES
ETP: Challenges for Upstream Oil & Gas Sector ..14
Active Wet Fire Protection System: Installation of Sprinkler Systems for The Living Quarter Building Module in Offshore Platforms .................18
In Memory of Professor Tan Sri Engr. Chin Fung Kee ......................................................25
Talent Development: Malaysian Oil & Gas Industries ...............................................................30
FORUMS
Finite Element Analysis on Offshore Structures..35
Talk on Offshore Geotechnical Investigation Techniques for Shallow and Deep Sea Oil Exploration & Production .....................................37
Women in Engineering Leadership Forum Asia 2015 ..................................................................41
Riding The Waves of Change: From British Standard to Euro Codes ....................................42 35 - 42
GLOBE TREKKING
Glulam Application Par Excellence 43 PINK
Call for Nominations & Membership List
By Ir. Ahmad Raidi Mohayiddin
Ir. Ahmad Raidi Mohayiddin is a Mechanical Engineer who works at one of the world’s largest Liqueied Natural Gas (LNG) production facilities at a single location. He has been in the oil and gas industry for 20 years and is the current chairman of the Oil, Gas and Mining Technical Division.
Adapting to Changes
There is no denying that the current world crude oil price has affected everyone in the country. Feeling the pinch are not only those directly involved in the oil and gas industry but also the average Malaysian. The country derives a significant income from the oil and gas sector and a drop in this revenue means lesser contributions. We have been cautioned on this before.
World crude oil price dropped considerably in the last quarter of 2014 to about half of its peak price then. It is predicted that this current trend will last some time and it has brought about challenges that we have to accept. These go beyond predicting what the petrol price at the pump station will be after the stroke of midnight on the last day of the month. Indeed, they are far more complex and overwhelming than just looking for an answer to why the petrol price at the pump has not dropped in tandem with the drop in the world crude oil price.
Many oil and gas related companies and individuals have had to adapt to the changes and to take remedial steps to continue to survive. Only those with strict discipline, cost consciousness and innovative spirits will come out unscathed.
In this issue of JURUTERA, two veterans in the oil and gas industry are giving their views. They have been through similar oil price cycles before. They have been battered and bruised but they have survived to share with us their wisdom. One, a leader with our national petroleum company, PETRONAS, will share his views from theperspectiveofaresourceownerandregulator.TheotheristheheadofMalaysia Marine and Heavy Engineering Holdings Berhad, a service provider company and a leading player in offshore fabrication as well as marine repair and refurbishment.
I hope you will gain valuable insights from this November issue of JURUTERA.
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JURUTERA Bullein of IEM is the oicial magazine of The Insituion of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM)
Oil Price Storm The Weathering
World oil price, which was hovering above US$100 per barrel in 2014, took a plunge in the last quarter of 2014 to about half the price today. There are many factors that contribute to this, including oversupply and lowered demand. In view of this, industry players are having to make adjustments to weather the challenges.
JURUTERA talks to two experts in the ield, Datuk Mohd Anuar Taib, Senior Vice President, Upstream Malaysia, PETRONAS, and Tuan Haji Abu Fitri bin Abdul Jalil, Managing Director and Chief Executive Oficer of Malaysia Marine and Heavy Engineering Holdings Berhad (MHB) for their opinions on the matter.
PETRONAS Upstream Malaysia integrates the Exploration, Production and LNG businesses in the country. Datuk Mohd Anuar joined PETRONAS in 2012 as CEO of PETRONAS Development and Production (PDP), responsible for both its Malaysia and international operations.
In 1990, he started as a wellsite drilling engineer and spent 20 years in drilling and completion, deep water projects, commercial evaluation, acquisition & divestment and contracts & procurement in Miri, Kuala Lumpur and New Orleans.
He holds a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Mechanical Engineering from Case Western Reserve University, United States and a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) in International Management from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Australia.
Datuk Mohd Anuar tells us more about how the industry is facing up to the challenges.
Datuk Mohd Anuar Taib
In your opinion, what were the main factors that contributed to the plunge in world oil price?
DATUK MOHD ANUAR: There are many circumstances and drivers behind the changes in oil prices. These could be supply and demand, geopolitical events and actions of key producers and consumers of oil and gas.
The current drastic reduction in oil price is attributed mainly to the large oversupply in the oil market, to the tune of more than 2 million barrels of oil per day. This is due to advances in the shale oil industry, high production levels of traditional major producers and lower demand by major consuming centres such as China and Europe.
It is almost a perfect storm that has resulted from confluences of events and may persist for some time.
The steep drop in the world oil price has caught industry players unawares. Didn’t oil and gas industry analysts see it coming? Weren’t there early warning signs?
DATUK MOHD ANUAR: Hindsight being 20/20, we can now see that there were signals in the market that pointed to a softer oil price range as early as Q1 2014. However, the long period of relatively stable and high oil prices in the past few years, had resulted in a significant amount of complacency in the industry.
Considering the environment today however, it is important for industry players to adjust to the new realities. The industry must make itself more resilient in order to come out stronger from this challenge.
PETRONAS was reported to have cut its capitalandoperatingexpendituresbetween 15% and 30% respectively. Will this impact projects that PETRONAS has in the country and abroad?
DATUK MOHD ANUAR: Our strategies are long-term in nature and very capital intensive. As such, PETRONAS has always been prudent in our strategies, investment decisions and cash management, even during the years of high oil prices. Our investment decisions are made on strategic fit and commercial value for the entire value chain, using the more conservative range of oil price scenario.
Our approach remains the same, perhaps even more so, in the current oil price environment. We have to focus on value-driven investment decisions, balancing short-term commercial considerations and long-term sustainability of business.
We are going to continue with key projects such as RAPID in Pengerang for our downstream business; for upstream business, we have Train 9 LNG in Bintulu,
the two floating LNG projects, Pacific Northwest LNG and their respective gas fields. As far as other projects are concerned, all have to pass our commercial value generating threshold under this expected prolonged depressed oil price environment before projects can be sanctioned.
We also see this as an opportunity to improve the way we do business, to make our process more efficient, to reduce our cost structure and to focus on project delivery to ensure that we come out stronger.
How are expenditures on Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) matters affected by this decision?
DATUK MOHD ANUAR: HSE and Asset Integrity are two key areas that take priority in our considerations. We strive to create a working environment that ensures everyone in the organisation goes home safely.
We maintain our commitment to our cornerstone asset integrity programme called Technical Integrity Process Safety which we started in 2012. This focuses on setting the right standards, assessment of more than 200 upstream facilities worldwide against those standards, a deliberate campaign to fix those facilities to meet our standards and to ensure we have the right approach in our maintenance programme to ensure all our assets are safe.
We have allocated a significant amount of funds to complete this programme in 2012 and we will continue to maintain this funding.
Has the current challenges in oil price impeded PETRONAS’s foray into Unconventional Resource development internationally? What is PETRONAS’s outlook on Unconventional Resource development in the next 2-3 years?
DATUK MOHD ANUAR: PETRONAS has Unconventional Resources in four countries, namely Coal Bed Methane in Australia, Shale Gas in Canada and China and Shale Oil in Argentina. Each one is in a different phase of resource development.
Our position in Australia will be in full production phase by middle of 2016, supplying to the Gladstone LNG plant. Our Canadian business is in the development phase to supply gas to the Pacific Northwest LNG plant while positions in China and Argentina are still in their early stages of resource evaluation.
Like our other businesses, we view Unconventional Resources on a long term basis. It is important to take deliberate steps in choosing where we secure acreages, selecting the right partners, approaches and pace in resource evaluation and maturation and, if commercially viable, to proceed with phased development.
Thelowoilpriceenvironmentrequiresustoslowdownthe paceofouractivitiesandtofindmethodsandtechnologies to reduce cost of development and production.
PETRONAS has denied reports that it is downsizing the existing work force and cutting staff salary. This appears to be in contradiction to what some others are doing to remain proitable.
DATUK MOHD ANUAR: As mentioned earlier, we need to prioritise and spend on what will bring us the greatest value. We are taking a close look at internal spending, operations and processes to find ways to consolidate, integrate and become more efficient and self-reliant in the way we do things, in order to save time and costs. It’s a bottom-up approach. We want every employee tocontributeandtofeelasenseofownershipwithregards to saving costs. Secondly, the view from the ground is a little different. They may see something that we don’t. Some of the most brilliant ideas have come from some unexpected places.
What should other local oil and gas industry service providers do to weather this dificult phase?
DATUK MOHD ANUAR: Everyone has to react to this environment to ensure resilience, competitiveness and sustainability through these challenging times. It requires us to take a hard look at our cost structure, capital discipline, appropriate methods and technology as well as talent development to ensure we remain competitive and to come out stronger. Sometimes, this may require us to collaborate more with others.
What do you think the local industry landscape will be like in the next 5-10 years, for youth who aspire to study Engineering or for those thinking of joining the oil and gas industry?
DATUK MOHD ANUAR: Therearestilllotsofopportunities which have not been tapped in Malaysian waters, but they require us to go further afield and look into play-types which may not be familiar to us. In addition, the conditions for extracting oil and gas are going to get increasingly challenging. The waters and drilling depths are getting deeper; we’re dealing with higher pressures and temperatures; the hydrocarbons might be contaminated and, of course, there is always the issue of doing things in ways that are cost effective and efficient. So I feel that the future landscape of oil and gas is one where there’s a lot of scope for imagination. We need bright engineers who can face these challenges and
help us get solutions to our energy needs. It’s a future with lots of possibility.
In view of the reported resource cost escalation prior to 2014, what is your advice on talent capability management during this downturn period and in preparing for industry recovery as well as for the next growth phase?
DATUK MOHD ANUAR: This is one area which, along with HSE, will remain a priority. We are looking for more opportunities to develop people on-the-job, whether it’s through specific work placements or finding learning opportunities wherever they may be.
HowcantheInstitutionofEngineers,Malaysia support PETRONAS and other local oil and gasindustryserviceprovidersinthecountry?
DATUK MOHD ANUAR: Asastrongvoiceofengineering professionals, IEM should take a leading role to promote the concept of innovation and technology as a cornerstone for future economic growth.
This can start from as early as working with local universities to adjust their curriculum to ensure that graduates are able and ready to embrace the mindset of innovation once they enter the workforce.
Further to that, IEM can promote more innovations in the current talent development curriculum for engineers in order for them to become propagators and leaders of innovation in the community.
Making Changes
And
Adjustments
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri bin Abdul Jalil, 49, is the Managing Director and Chief Executive Oficer of Malaysia Marine and Heavy Engineering Holdings Berhad (MHB). He was previouslytheVicePresident,OffshoreBusiness in MISC Berhad and before that, he was with PETRONAS as Senior General Manager, Petroleum Operations Management. Tuan Haji Abu Fitri graduated from California State University, USA with a Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering (Honors).
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri bin Abdul Jalil
In view of the present challenges due to plunging oil prices, Tuan Haji Abu Fitri talks about what service providers can do to stay relevant and to sustain their business, such as faster turnaround cycles, timely delivery of major projects and taking on smaller but viable jobs.
How signiicant is the impact of the drop in world oil prices to service providers in the oil and gas industry, such as Malaysia Marine and Heavy Engineering Holdings Berhad (MHB)?
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri: Given the protracted global oil price decline, the oil and gas industry’s service providers are operating under tough conditions and below capacity. Major resource holders and oil and gas companies have slashed their capex substantially and are even re-negotiating signed contracts. New project awards are scarce and limited to medium and small sized projects. Clients challenged by cost pressures expect cheaper but high quality solutions from their contractors and vendors.
In a real scenario, where business as usual is not sustainable, innovation, partnership and speed are critical for survival and success. 2015 is a year of positive change and transition for MHB, where our recent transformation has initiated innovative processes and agile partnerships. Under the current economic climate, we have taken the opportunity to renew focus on our objectives, projects and performance.
With our world class facilities and resources, we have completed safe and timely delivery of major projects for our offshore business clients. We continue to secure contracts, albeit smaller jobs, to fill our order book. Our Marine Repair Business implemented faster turnaround cycles and made historybyoperatingatfullcapacity,repairingandrefurbishing 15 vessels simultaneously.
Many industry players, both local and international, have embarked on cost-cutting measures, including trimming the workforce to cope with these uncertainties.
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri: From time to time, organisations undertake manpower right-sizing and staff rationalisation exercises as part of normal business cycle and portfolio reviews. MHB, like most businesses, is operating in a very competitive industry and under tough economic conditions. Regrettably, this often has an unavoidable impact on staff.
Should MHB review its manpower along with other business decisions, all regulatory and employment terms and conditions will be taken into account. We are committed to treat our employees with respect and care, in line with our people principles. (At the time of interview, MHB was not undertakinganyvoluntaryormanagedmanpowerreduction exercises.)
What do you think struggling industry providers can do to weather this dificult phase?
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri: Businesses going through down cycles should undertake both immediate and longer term measures to manage their operating costs, improve their efficiency and remove complexity to become more agile and competitive. Review business portfolios and consider divestments. Companies may focus on core businesses or diversify their investments into non-traditional areas.
Some companies may want to take the opportunity to prioritise productivity improvement initiatives, focus on training and up-skilling a leaner workforce and to collaborate with peers and competitors as partners. This is a testing time to see how innovative and resilient management can be.
As many companies are cutting expenditure, will this affect MHB’s expenditures on Health, Safety and Environment aspects as well as the need to invest for the future?
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri: The oil and gas industry is a high risk business and track records are built on reputations for uncompromising adherence to HSE practices, under all circumstances. Cutting corners in the supply chain or project management during challenging times will show up a shortsighted management.
Wearemorevigilantinourriskassessments.Weabidebyour own stringent MMHE 10 Safety Rules and enforce industry and international health, safety and environmental management practices. In fact, we shall continue to invest for the future where ROI is based on the current market scenario.
As a subsidiary of shipping giant MISC Berhad, which is linked to PETRONAS, some quarters feel that MHB will not have dificulty illing its order books.
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri: Aside from corporate parentage, MISC and PETRONAS are our industry associates. They are also our clients. The oil and gas industry is highly regulated, with strict due diligence and responsible business governance observed at every stage of business conduct. Clients award contracts based on open, competitive tenders and our TMJV (MMHE and Technip) partnership has secured several mega projects Malikai TLP, SK 316 on the combined strengths and merits of this strategic collaboration.
As the national fabrication yard as well as the only yard in the region to have constructed all three of Malaysia’s deep water projects, MHB is well placed to support PETRONAS’s efforts to position Malaysia as the deep water hub in Asia Pacific.
How competitive is the heavy engineering and marinefabricationindustryintheregion?Besides being the largest yard in the country, in terms of size and capacity, what other advantages does MHB have to become the irst choice for customers?
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri: MHBisaleadingplayerinthedomestic and international offshore fabrication and marine repair and refurbishment industries. We are able to leverage on the global technical expertise of strategic partners. We have a respected operating and HSE track record that spans 42 years, having grown from a ship repair yard to South-East Asia’s largest fabrication and marine repair yard.
Our competitive advantages against other yards in South-East Asia are our capability and experience in handling large and complex offshore facilities such as SPAR, TLP and semi-submersible CPP.
We have invested substantially to upgrade our two yardsinPasirGudangtomaximiseautomationandoptimise efficiency with world class facilities and equipment, a regional training campus and a highly-skilled local and international workforce.
What percentage of the workforce in MHB are engineers? What is your advice on talent capability management during this downturn so as to be prepared for industry recovery?
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri: Human capital is an organisation’s greatestasset.Iamastrongadvocateofcontinuouslearning and talent development in soft skills as well as technical expertise. Although this is a “heavy engineering” company and our engineering population stands at 23% of the workforce of 3,700 permanent and contractor staff, many non-engineering service units work closely and seamlessly to make MHB tick.
Our score card is dependent on shared KPIs and delivery through others. Multi-level teaming with partners, clients and sub-contractors is challenging but enriching and rewarding.
My advice is to engage with employees regularly. When times are lean and hard, it is even more important to communicate with and to update employees so as to strengthentheirmoraleandconfidence.Involvethemsothat they are aware of the forward game plan and understand the decisions and actions that the company is taking in its plans for the future.
Does MHB have problems getting competent Malaysians with the right engineering and technical expertise? How does the company ensurethatlocalexpertiseisbeingdeveloped to support the local oil and gas industry?
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri: This is a common concern, for example the technical competency gap in our contracting industry in Bidding and Engineering Design. IN MMHE, we have a strategy and road map to bridge this gap by enhancing our training regime for Malaysians.
The MMHE Centre Of Excellence is a 4-acre, state-of-theart technical training campus in Pasir Gudang. It symbolises the company’s corporate social responsibility to develop talent for industry and the nation. To build and sustain this capability, we work closely with local technical institutions to practicalise their syllabus as well as provide exposure and training so that students are industry-ready as soon as they graduate.
Any advice for those who want to study engineering?
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri: Growth in the oil and gas industry may not be as robust as previously in the next five years but we have seen this cycle a few times over the past few decades. The industry will bounce back. This time, however, we are forced to reassess our way of working and doing business and to be more innovative, competitive and efficient. Now is an excellent time to enhance and expand one’s knowledge.
Do not be afraid to get your hands dirty as an engineer. Besides being knowledgeble and inquisitive to want to see beyond the structure, the pipeline and the system, a positive attitude too is very important. See the bigger picture, share the values and help enable the vision!
HowcanIEMhelpsupportMHBandotheroiland gas industry service providers in the country?
Tuan Haji Abu Fitri: Unlike most developed countries, Malaysia does lack specialist engineers. Even though we do not manufacture high technology equipment or components, we still buy and use them, so there is the need for operations and maintenance.
IEM can contribute by providing “specialised training” and certification for local engineers. Give insights and propose hands-on opportunities for engineers to obtain a perspective of the real time and real work environment. Let us also benefit from focus group feedback during discussions on pressing industry issues. I am optimistic that our young engineers can offer innovative and achievable solutions.
ETP: Challenges for Upstream Oil & Gas Sector
Razak Yakob was the Well Delivery Manager for the Enhanced Oil Recovery Centre (EORC) in 2012/2013. He was also the Senior Drilling Engineer for a Risk Service Contract Project in 2014/2015. Razak has been in the oil and gas industry for 19 years.
Launched on 25 September 2010, Malaysia’s Economic Transformation Program (ETP) encompassed the plan to bring the country to the status of a high income economy by 2020. Managed by the Performance Management and Delivery Unit (PEMANDU), an agency under the Prime Minister’s Department, the ETP looked at raising per capita income from US$6,700 to at least US$15,000, meeting the World Bank's threshold for a high income nation. ETP is built on 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA).
Greater Kuala Lumpur / Klang Valley
Services
Oil, Gas and Energy
11 Industry Sectors +
Greater Kuala Lumpur / Klang Valley
The Oil, Gas and Energy Sector is one of the 12 (NKEA) in the programme. Figure 1 shows the 12 NKEAs. Each NKEA has a list of Entry Points Projects (EPP) that supports the NKEA. There are 13 EPPs that stipulate the goals to be achieved by the year 2020 in the Oil, Gas and Energy Sector NKEA. It is one of the major elements in the programme.
Figure 2 shows that the Oil, Gas and Energy NKEA contributed 17% of the nation’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in 2013 and, on average, one-fifth of the GDP over the past decade. The 12 NKEAs actually command 70% of the Gross National Income (GNI). The 13 EPPs in the Oil, Gas & Energy NKEA are expected to provide an incremental GNI of about
RM131.4 billion out of the RM523 billion in the all 12 NKEAs. The Oil, Gas and Energy NKEA is also expected to create an additional 52,300 jobs by the year 2020.
In this article, we will discuss only the first 3 of the 13 EPPs in the Oil, Gas & Energy NKEA which are identifiably the core Upstream Oil & Gas business.
REJUVENATING EXISTING FIELDS THROUGH ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)
Excerpt from the factsheet: “EPP 1 encourages the use of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) - a technique that uses gas, chemical injection or thermal flooding - to improve oil recovery from industry norms.
Ir. Razak Yakob
Ir.
Figure 1: The 12 NKEAs that builds up the ETP
Communication Content & Infrastructure, 3%
Business Services, 4%
Electric & Electronic, 5%
Tourism, 5%
Palm Oil/ Rubber, 7% Agriculture, 6%
Financial Services, 7%
Healthcare, 1%
Education, 1%
Other Industries, 30%
Oil, Gas & Energy, 17%
Wholesale & Retail, 14%
What exactly is EOR? There are three levels of well development. “Primary” refers to all the conventional development wells, which can deliver less than 30% of the oil recovery factor. “Secondary” refers to the Improved Oil Recovery (IOR), which can deliver 30-50% of the recovery factor, using the method of water-flooding or pressure maintenance. “Tertiary” or better known as the Enhanced Oil Recovery refers to the most complex method of bringing the hydrocarbon to the surface. This method has proved to be effective in some development programmes conducted in other parts of the world, with the recovery factor reaching 50-80%.
There are three methods of EOR (Sohrabi):
• Chemical Water Flooding using polymer, surfactant, alkaline and low salinity fluids.
• Miscible Displacement using CO2 injection, hydrocarbon injection, nitrogen and flue gas flowing
• Thermal Recovery using hot water drive, steam drive, cyclic steam stimulation, steam-assisted gravity drainage, in-situ combustion (fire flood) and thermal simulation (electric induction heating).
As the champion of EPP, national oil firm Petronas has introducednewarrangementsinproductionsharingcontract (PSC) terms to attract and reward companies or investors using the EOR techniques. EOR projects are undeniably very expensive. The high implementation cost makes it difficult to convince Production Sharing Contract (PSC) contractors to embark on EOR investment for the fields. Despite the
EPP being expected to contribute significantly in this NKEA, there are many challenges associating with Enhanced Oil Recovery programmes.
All candidate fields for the EOR projects have been producing for a significant number of years, some of them for more than 30-40 years like Tapis (1978), Baronia (1975) or Baram (1969). These ageing platforms pose a high safety risk to access and high cost of modification to make them suitable for the EOR programme. The Platform Rejuvenation workscope can include structure strengthening, addition and replacement of facilities equipment, conductor replacement and/or addition and any other requirement to make the platform safe for an EOR facility. Another alternative is to build a new platform. This may or may not necessarily mean higher cost compared to platform upgrading work. A balance between the potential benefits and facilities required to achieve the programme objectives must be studied prior to endorsement of the programme for execution.
EOR is mainly about injecting fluids into the formation, to push the slow moving or leftover oil in the existing or new wells, to the surface. To do that, additional wells will be required (injectors). These tend to be more complex than the conventional well because of the length (the push is from the outer side of the perimeter) and the angle it has to penetrate the formation (depending on the injection concept). Complexities arise because gas, oil, and water are segregated by densities with gas being at the top, followed by oil and water. Theory of fluids movement may
Figure 2: Malaysia GDP Structure, based on NKEA Sectors (FY2013) (Data source: Department of Statistics Malaysia)
1. Rejuvenating Existing Fields Through Enhanced Oil Recovery
6. Attracting MultinationalCompanies to Bring a Sizeable ShareoftheirGlobal OperationstoMalaysia
2. Developing Small Fields through Innovative Solutions
not act necessarily behave the way we want it to be; inject gas to push down the oil, or inject water to push up the oil. In addition, formation in most areas is interbedded with only a thin column of oil segregated by shale.
Moreover the material to be used in these wells is expensive. This is because the chemicals or even water to be injected into the formation can be corrosive. So, instead of just carbon steel material, some level of chrome material may be required, depending on the life of the well, producing conditions, formation characteristics and other factors which affect the material corrosion levels. Chrome material can easily be up to 6 times more expensive than the carbon steel.
Another challenge is the fact that all the fields are offshore. Everything becomes more expensive and more complex, from the construction of the EOR facility to the logistics of the supply and material. Add to that the weather condition. Although not as severe as in the North Sea, our sea conditions may also cause non-productive time in operations.
EOR expertise is another issue. Generally, we still lack expertise in the oil and gas sector. EOR is a very specific expertise in the oil and gas sector, from Geology and Geophysics, Reservoir Engineering, Drilling Engineering and other areas which focus on EOR experience and research.
Therefore rejuvenating existing fields through enhanced oil recovery is not an easy challenge to meet due to the high cost of the programme, safety risk in accessing existing platforms, high cost of modification, complexities of the offshore environment and insufficient technical capabilities. In meeting this challenge, Petronas has created the Exploration & Production Technology Department (EPTD) to focus on EOR research as well as establish the Enhanced Oil Recovery Centre (EORC), an unincorporated joint venture between Petronas Carigali andShelltofacilitateandprovidefocusonimplementation of the programme (ETP Annual Report).
4. Building Regional Oil Storage And Trading Hub
9. Improving Energy Efficiency
5. Unlocking Latent Gas Demand
10. Building Up Renewable Energy and Solar Power Capacity
13. Increase Petrochemical Outputs
DEVELOPING SMALL FIELDS THROUGH INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS
Excerpt from the factsheet: “Petronas is working with the industry to tap the potential of Malaysia’s small fields, each of which hold at least 30 million barrels of recoverable oil. The national oil firm reviewed production sharing contract (PSC) terms to provide sufficient incentives for operators of small fields, and also sourced for exploration and production (E&P) operators which specialise in developing small fields.”
More than 90% of the world’s oil fields are classified as small and these hold just 3% of reserves. A small oil field is defined as one with less than 25 million bbl of reserves. More than 90% of the world’s gas fields are classified as small and hold 12% of total reserves. A small gas field is defined here as one with less than 0.25 tcf of reserves (Sandrea).
In daily conversation, the terms small field and marginal field are quite interchangeable and usually refer to the same field that has the characteristics of what is defined as small and marginal field.
Based on the definition by the USLegal.com, marginal field refers to an oil field that may not produce enough net income to make it worth developing at a given time. However, should technical or economic conditions change, such a field may become commercially viable. It is usually associated with small pockets of hydrocarbons which have a plateau of a few years. Marginal fields have several parameters that affect them. These include environmental concerns, political stability, access, remoteness and, of course, the price and price stability of the produced gas/ liquids.
Small fields have small reserves or volume of hydrocarbon in the formation. In order to extract the hydrocarbon, there will be development cost or costs incurred to obtain access to “proved reserves” and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing the oil and gas. More specifically, development costs, including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities and other costs of development activities (Sewell).
Figure 3: The 13 EPPs that supports the Oil, Gas & Energy NKEA
Unit Development Cost (UDC) is the cost over recoverable reserves, where recoverable reserves can be about 30% of the total reserves. Meeting the UDC that is economical to be sanctioned can be a very challenging task. Most of the time, the projects are slashed. Therefore, these projects operate on a tight budget with no room for a change in the workscope or delays in the operations.
The oil & gas industry in Malaysia is quite mature. Most of the leftover fields have reservoirs that are thin layered and compartmentalised and it is very challenging to access the hydrocarbon in these thin layers.
Platform structures, facilities and the cost of transporting the hydrocarbon to the terminal are still the major cost of a field development. In a small field, we need to scale down the elements as well as the cost. Suitable platform design and facilities requirement concept need to tie in with the drilling requirement. Small structures such as MOPU (Mobile Offshore Production Unit), CSP (Conductor Supported Platform), monopod and many other new concepts are available in the market these days. It is a challenge to find a fit of these concepts to aproject when there is a limited budget to work on.
Another major part of the cost is the drilling. In a twoor-three-well development, the cost of drilling can be up to 40-45% of the total development cost. There are about 40 contracts that make up a drilling operation. Each one goes through a rigorous procurement process and negotiation. It is very difficult to negotiate when you do not have the volume.
Therefore, developing small field is very challenging due to the tight budget, reservoir and well design complexities, high platform and facilities cost and high drilling cost.
To date Petronas has, in line with the ETP, awarded 6 Risk Service Contracts (RSC) to develop these small fields.
• Berantai field to Petrofac and Sapura Kencana Petroleum Bhd. in January 2011.
• Balai-Bentara cluster offshore Sarawak to a consortium comprising Roc Oil Malaysia (Holdings) Sdn. Bhd., Dialog Group Bhd. and PETRONAS Carigali in August 2011.
• Kapal, Banang and Meranti cluster to Coastal Energy KBM Sdn. Bhd. in June 2012.
• Tembikai-Chenang cluster to VESTIGO Petroleum in October 2013.
• Tanjong Baram field to EQ Petroleum Developments Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. and Uzma Energy Venture (Sarawak) Sdn. Bhd. in March 2014.
• Ophir field to Ophir Production, a joint venture company between Octanex Pte Ltd, Scomi D&P Sdn. Bhd. and VESTIGO Petroleum Sdn. Bhd. in June 2014.
The award of RSCs for other fields has stopped temporarily due to the slump in oil price.
INTENSIFYING EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES
Excerpt from the factsheet: “EPP will boost new and sizeable discoveries to maintain Malaysia’s position as one of Asia’s top oil and gas producers. Production sharing contract (PSC) terms will be reviewed and new petroleum
contract arrangements introduced to expedite exploration investment projects.”
Exploration activities are important, because, if there are significant discoveries, it increases reserves. Exploration wells that encounter dry holes will just incurexploration cost, costs in identifying areas that may warrant examination and in examining specific areas that are considered to have prospects of containing oil and gas reserves, cost of drilling exploratory wells and exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells. The chances of success are usually very low. Based on the paper released by the IFP School, the following are the chances of success of an exploration well:
• New areas (with no previous exploration): 10 to 20%
• Geologically known areas: 20 to 30%
• Areas close to production zones: Around 60%.
Based on these chances, the challenge then is in deciding whether to invest about US$30 to US$50 million on an exploration well.
Traditionally exploration wells are supposed to be a vertical well directly drilled to the target. With development in technology, this has changed. Now there is more than one target, where they are not inline. This requires directional drilling. It is an increased risk operation to drill complex wells in an environment that we have minimal knowledge of. Another added complexity is wanting to “save” the well for future production if it’s found to be commercially attractive. Special technology is required for such a requirement and, no doubt, there is an increase in risk as well as cost.
Therefore,intensifyingexplorationactivitiesisveryimportant but a challenging task for the oil and gas sector to achieve, given the high costs and low chances of success, requirement to explore risky locations and having more complex wells.
Petronas, as the champion of these three initiatives as stated above, will continue to work to offer attractive packages to the capable parties to develop and bringing success to the NKEAs. In conclusion, the oil & gas industry contributes significantly to the building of Malaysia and realising Vision 2020. Let us be part of the success stories!
IEM DIARY OF EVENTS
Title: Talk on Supervision of Bored Pile Installation
Kindly note that the scheduled events below are subject to change. Please visit the IEM website at www.myiem. org.my for more information on the upcoming events.
Active Wet Fire Protection System: Installation of Sprinkler Systems for The Living Quarter Building Module in Offshore Platforms
Ir. Puvanesan Mariappan
Ir. Puvanesan Mariappan obtained his B.Eng (Hons) Mechanical from Multimedia University, Malaysia (2007) and MBA from Victoria University, Australia (2011). He is attached with Perunding Bakti as a senior mechanical engineer. In IEM, Ir. Puvanesan Mariappan is currently the co-opted member of Oil, Gas & Mining Technical Division (OGMTD).
This article will explain the design requirements of a sprinkler piping system for the proper functioning of the Living Quarter Building Module (LQBM) on an offshore platform. The LQ module project is a grassroot green ield project where new facilities are installed on a central processing platform. The module consists of facilities for living, kitchen, dining, laundry, storage and recreation, etc for a certain number of personnel.
Office areas, a library and a conference room are also part of the LQ module which will have serviceslikeelectrical&telecomservices,HVAC system, plumbing & sanitary services, F&G detection system and fire suppression system.
DESIGN DESCRIPTION
The LQBM usually will be divided into few levels. The concept is the same as designing a multistorey building. Each level will have different requirements as per client’s standard and its own fire suppression system. Examples of the details are:
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Helideck level (Elevation reference level +63.20m) – Fire water and foam hose reel, firewater monitor & dry chemical powder skid system.
On the other hand, the firewater system for the central processing platform is based on the basis outlined in the total firewater demand calculation. The firewater system is supplied with firewater (seawater) by the firewater pumps. Normally, the firewater pumps used are the vertical shaft turbine type or submersible centrifugal type. Acceptable firewater pump drivers are diesel engines, natural gas engines and electric motors. The pump must be able to supply adequate pressure and flow to the most demanding area, hydraulically. The firewater ring main pressure is maintained at certain pressure minimum by utility water lift pump.
The system is designed to provide sufficient water based on the maximum demand of the controlling deluge zones. The discharge pipe from the firewater pump is connected to a ring main. The ring main is valved into segments so that failure of any segment or maintenance can be carried out without any loss in fire fighting capability.
EXAMPLE OF FIRE ZONES IN THE OFFSHORE PLATFORMS
• Fire Zone 1 – Jacket Level and Cellar Deck
• Fire Zone 2 – Middle Deck
• Fire Zone 3 – Upper Deck
• Fire Zone 4 – Below Helideck Roof Level
• Fire Zone 5 – Living Quarters Building Module
• Fire Zone 6 – Helideck
• Fire Zone 7 – Crane Cabin
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* Design Criteria & Parameters
The firewater sprinkler system for the LQBM is designed as per NFPA 13. The accommodation areas are classified as light hazard occupancy except for the galley, preparation, laundry machine, line handling and store areas which are classified as ordinary hazard occupancies (Group 1). The system components oftheLQBMsprinklersystemconsistofpiping,fittings,valvesandsupportsystem. Piping material for sprinkler system will be covered under the pipe material specification.
This system uses a wet pipe system since the temperature is maintained above freezing point. Water storage tanks are not provided. In case of fire, sea water will be sucked up by the firewater pump for use.
Fire Zones
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Sprinkler System: The LQBM sprinkler system consists of a seawater supply system providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system to which the sprinklers are connected. Activating the sprinkler system will result in a localised water spray due to the melting of the sprinkler frangible bulb in the heat caused by a fire
outbreak. The sprinkler frangible bulb is intended to result in a severe sudden reduction of the heat release rate of the fire, followed quickly by complete extinguishment, prior to manual intervention.
Fire Water Pumping System: The sprinkler system uses firewater (seawater) from the central processing platform firewater ring main. The firewater ring main pressure is maintained at the required pressure minimally by the pumps. Firewater pumps should be located to minimise possibility of damage in the event of fire. It should be isolated as far as practical, from external fuel and ignition source.
The capacity of the pump is based on overall fire water demand calculation. In the case of fire at the platform, LQBM and/or when the ring main pressure drops, the first firewater pump will start. Incase it fails to startand/or if the pressure continues to drop, the second firewater pump will start automatically.
Sizing of fire water pump:
Design basis: Firewater pumps are designed as per NFPA 20, API STD 610 and API RP 14G.
Case example: a) Inordertodeterminethefirewaterdemand,theplatform will be segregated into the following zones:
Typical Wet Pipe Sprinkler System
Vertical Turbine Pumps
Fire zone 1 : Jacket Level and Cellar Deck
Fire zone 2 : Middle Deck
Fire zone 3 : Upper Deck
Fire zone 4 : Below Helideck Roof Level
Fire zone 5 : Living Quarter Building Module
Fire zone 6 : Helideck (Not governing)
Fire zone 7 : Crane Cabin (Not applicable)
b) The fire water pump capacity is based on largest deluge system plus two hose streams.
c) Deluge is considered for the equipment in fire zones 1, 2, 3 and 4.
d) The estimated deluge capacity equals to deluge rate (litres/min/m2) x equipment area + design margin.
DESIGN CALCULATION
Design Basis & Assumption: The design basis and assumption for LQBM sprinkler system are based on NFPA 13. The type of sprinkler system is wet pipe sprinkler system which provides fixed fire protection using piping filled with pressurised water supply from a dependable source at all times which would be the fire water pumps. Sprinklers are provided in all areas except for specific sections as according to the client’s requirements, such as locker room, internal stairway, distribution board room, radio room, freezer room and common toilet.
Examples of LQBM accommodation areas to be provided with sprinkler system are:
Accommodation areas are classified as light hazard occupancies. The basis of classification is whereby the quantity and combustibility of contents is low and fires with relatively low rates of heat release are expected.
However,areassuchasthegalley,drystore,preparation, laundry machine room, linen handling and linen storeroom, are classified as ordinary hazard occupancies (OH1).
Sprinkler K-factor and Firewater Demand For LQBM: The proportionality constant K factor is estimated with an initial sprinkler upstream pressure and the flow rate per sprinkler, Q as per following formula:
K = Q / (p) 1/2
The flow rate through the sprinkles for the design area as per the selected K factor shall be calculated which gives the total firewater demand.
Full Hydraulic Calculation Of The NFPA 13 Sprinkler Design: The sprinkler system installed is designed using the area and density approach. The use of LQBM and the contents are analysed and the level of fire hazard must be determined.
The design area is a theoretical area of the LQBM, representing the worst case area in which a fire can occur. The design density is a measurement of how much water per square foot of floor area should be applied to the design area.
After the design area and density of LQBM are determined, a full hydraulic calculation of the sprinkler system is performed to prove that the system can deliver the required amount of water over the required design area. These calculations account for all the pressure that is lost or gained between the water supply source and the sprinklers that would operate in the design area.
The full hydraulic calculation includes pressure losses due to friction inside the piping and losses or gains due
Density / Area Curves
ACTIVE WET FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM (INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS) FOR THE LIVING QUARTER BUILDING MODULE (LQBM) IN THE OFFSHORE PLATFORMS
to elevation differences between the source and the discharging sprinklers.
The calculation shall demonstrate that:
a) Minimum sprinkler inlet pressure is met.
b) The proposed set pressure (downstream pressure) of pressure control valve.
c) Firewater pump is sufficient for fire protection in the LQBM.
Sprinkler System Schedules: The sprinkler system consists of piping, fittings, valves and instrument items and uses sea water as the fluid to pressurise the whole system. As seawater is used, suitable materials would be metallic piping such as carbon steel or galvanised carbon steel pipe, stainless steel pipe, copper-nickel pipe and fibreglass piping. Sprinkler nozzle characteristics must also be specified in the design.
1. MOC: Brass with chrome plated (Suitable for Sea Water Treated only).
2. Type: Pendent.
3. Final Finish Body Part: Chrome plated.
4. Sprinkler / Detector Bulb Colour Red (Operate at 68oC)
In Memory of Professor Tan Sri Engr. Chin Fung Kee
Ir. Yee Yew Weng
Ir. Yee Yew Weng is the organising chairman of the 25th Annual Professor Engr. Chin Fung Kee Memorial Lecture.
Engr. Dr Wang Hong Kok F.I.E.M.
Engr. Dr Wang Hong Kok is the Principal Lecturer of TAR University College. He is a member of IEM Standing Committee on Information and Publications.
Ir. Dr Ooi Teik Aun is the organising chairman of the Commemorative Dinner.
19September 2015 was another important date for The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM). In the morning, Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Shahrizaila Abdullah was invited to deliver the 25th Professor Engr. Chin Fung Kee Memorial Lecture in the hall that bore the name of the great professor himself.
Earlier in the evening of 12 September 2015, a special dinner was held at the Grand Ballroom of One World Hotel, again to commemorate Professor Engr. Chin’s dedication to engineering education and profession.
This is the compilation of three separate reports. The first is a brief introduction of Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Shahrizaila Abdullah’s lecture. The second is a short reflection of Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Shahrizaila’s lecture and the third is a short account of the life of Professor Engr. Chin.
Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Shahrizaila Abdullah is known for his long years of dedicated service in the Malaysian civil service. He was the director-general of Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) until retired in 1995. He is the Senior Fellow of the Academy of Sciences and is active in a number of international organisations tasked with finding solutions to sustainability issues concerning water and related matters.
TAN SRI DATO’ IR. SHAHRIZAILA’S LECTURE
Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Shahrizaila Abdullah delivered the 25th Professor Engr. Chin Fung Kee Memorial Lecture titled “Ensuring a Better Water Future for Malaysia”. He began by saying that current global water issues were due to improper water management and overuse of water resources.
Besides that, he added, population growth, urbanisation, industrialisation and increase in production and consumption also meant an ever-increasing water demand around the globe. He highlighted in detail the major water related issues in Malaysia in terms of threats to water security, agriculture, environmental degradation and ecosystem.
As Malaysia has a total of 189 river systems, Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Shahrizaila suggested that each river should have a river basin engineer to manage and plan for the water resources development in that specific region.
“Our current water management is very fragmented because, under the Constitution,
matters pertaining to natural resources such as land, minerals, forests and water fall under the jurisdiction of the various States,”he said. “Water becomes a federal matter only if a dispute arises as in the case of a river basin shared between two or more States. Otherwise, State Governments are responsible for water management including the gazettement of water catchments.”
In conclusion, Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Shahrizaila suggested that an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Body should be adopted nationallyinordertoimprovethecurrentsituation.
During the question and answer session, Dato Ir. Pang Leong Hoon (an ex-DID director general) asked: “Will water as a resource, be properly used and not subjected to abuse if the water consumption rate is raised to a level reflecting its importance?”
Ir. Dr Ooi Teik Aun
Tan Sri Dato' Ir. Shahrizaila (top) and audience (bottom) at the 25th Professor Engr. Chin Fung Kee Memorial Lecture
Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Shahrizaila replied in the affirmative and added: “The internationally endorsed Dublin Principles of 1992 clearly states that ‘water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognised as economic goods’. Water as a resource is finite. But with urbanisation and the increase in global population, there is a mismatch between demand and supply which has resulted in water shortage in many areas. In Malaysia, the problems regarding water have long been recognised. Solutions are however
If one may recall, events in the recent past such as the huge floods that brought the economic activities to a halt in Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang in 2014, indicate that unplanned clearing of jungles can destroy the balance in ecology. The illegal dumping of used diesel oil by certain illegal plants in Rawang polluted the source of water intake of a major water treatment plant. As a consequence, some 500,000 people in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur had to suffer water rationing until the polluted river was cleared at great costs.
“Clearly, recent calamities associated with water seemed to suggest there’s a huge change in the environment. Previous data used to calculate 100 years flood occurrence, is no longer valid,”said IEM President Dato Ir. Lim Chow Hock, who joined the debate.
While conceding that catchment development was the main contributor to changes in the magnitude of flood recurrence, Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Shahrizaila reiterated that such findings further reinforced the case for resource regulation at the river basin level, tackling issues and problems at source both from a qualitative and quantitative standpoint, and holding to account those parties responsible for abuses to the resource.
SHORT REFLECTION ON WATER AS A RESOURCE
Should water be viewed as a common pool resource (CPR) for public policy formulation?
If, indeed, water utilisation is a governance issue, as argued by Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Shahrizaila, the use and abuse of water may be regarded as a common pool resource (CPR) management challenge. The literature on CPRs had been on-going since the 1980s in the United States, led by Professor Elinor Ostrom, a co-Nobel Prize Winner of Economic Science in 2009 and allied researchers.
Just like air, forest, grazing ground for cattle and fisheries along sea coasts, they are natural CPRs subject to abuse. For example, to ensure the sustainability of fisheries in the coastal areas, there must be an enforcement mechanism on the rules for fishing, either by State-sanction or self-sanction. Simply put, CPRs are public goods that are readily abused since they belong to open access regime. In the same manner, the haze, which is hazardous to health, is a CPR challenge which requires solutions involving policy makers in ASEAN countries.
Closer home, man-made CPRs are the common areas or common propertiesofstratabuildings.Thestoriesofabuseofcommonareasorproperties by parcel holders fill the pages of newspapers at regular intervals. If they are under-managed, they belong to open access regime where regulation is dysfunctional or absent.
Ir. Dr Chan S.F. (left photo) and Y.Bhg. Dato' Ir. Lim Chow Hock (right photo) presenting a memento and Certiicate of Appreciation to Tan Sri Dato' Ir. Shahrizaila
FEATURE
As is evident from Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Shahrizaila’s lecture, in the absence of a credible enforcement mechanism (such as a River Basin Authority), an open access river is open to abuse. The road to a solution will be arduous, however, since the communities using the river will have to adapt to new rules. Not everyone in the communities will accept change. Each time when a new rule is introduced, it threatens the interest of existing beneficiaries.
PROFESSOR ENGR. CHIN FUNG KEE
The Dinner to commemorate Tan Sri Professor Engr. Chin Fung Kee, started with organising chairman Ir. Dr Ooi Teik Aun delivering his welcome speech, followed by a short account of the life and major contributions of Professor Engr. Chin.
On the early education of Professor Engr. Chin, Ir. Dr Ooi said: “Having won the coveted Queen’s Scholarship, Professor Engr. Chin graduated with First Class Honors in engineering from Queen’s University in Belfast. He proceeded to complete his Masters in the same University while working as an assistant lecturer. Upon returning to Malaya in 1954, he served as an engineer with the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) on the Kubang Pasu Irrigation Scheme.
“Professor Engr. Chin resumed his academic career in 1956 as a lecturer in the Department of Engineering under the Faculty of Science, University Malaya. Seeing the need of better engineering education, Professor Engr. Chin and a few other professors went to the then, Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman for help. When the team left the Prime Minister’s office, they were given a cheque for RM1.5 million to construct the new Faculty of Engineering”.
Under his tenure, the Faculty of Engineering went from strength to strength. The courses were given full recognition by various British Institutions as well as the IEM and he was conferred Professor Emeritus in 1974.
On the research front, he devoted a lot of time and effort to the needs and problems faced by the country. He published more than 70 technical and research papers in international journals and wrote a book titled The Penang Bridge – Planning, Design and Construction.
Ir. Dr Ooi said: “The book gives a first-hand account of all the important aspects of the bridge and is a treasure to our national engineering heritage.”
After leaving the Faculty of Engineering, Professor Engr. Chin was equally successful as a practicing engineer. His contributions to engineering were just too many to enumerate. Ir. Dr Ooi said Professor Engr. Chin was best remembered for the “Chin Method”, the concept of inverse slope method for the prediction of pile ultimate bearing capacity, without testing the pile to failure in 1970.
Ir. Dr Ooi added: “As an independent consultant for the Komtar Building foundation problem in 1977, Professor Engr. Chin developed a method for diagnosing the pile condition in the ground. This method has been widely used by practising engineers.” This method is now internationally known in the piling industry.
IEM DIARY OF EVENTS
Title: Talk on “Energy Eficient Cellular Base Stations based on the Characteristics of Malaysia’s Solar Radiation Exposure”
12 November 2015
Organised by : Engineering Education Technical Division
Time : 5.30 p.m. – 7.30 p.m.
CPD/PDP : 2
Title: Two-Day Course on Asset Management Standards and Assessments
17 November 2015
Organised by : Oil, Gas and Mining Engineering TechnicalDivision Time : 9.00 a.m. – 5.30 p.m.
CPD/PDP : 13
Title: One-Day Seminar on Deep Excavation
19 November 2015
Organised by : Geotechnical Engineering Technical Division Time : 8.30 a.m. – 5.29 p.m.
CPD/PDP : 7
Title: IIEC 2015 - "Safe, Smart and Innovative Development in Power Systems" (Tutorial Only) (Sime Darby Convention Centre, Kuala Lumpur)
30 November 2015
Organised by : Electrical Engineering Technical Division Time : 8.30 a.m. – 5.00 p.m.
CPD/PDP : 0
Title: IIEC 2015 - "Safe, Smart and Innovative Development in Power Systems" (Tutorial and Conference) (Sime Darby Convention Centre, Kuala Lumpur)
30 November 2015 to 2 December 2015
Organised by : Electrical Engineering Technical Division Time : 8.30 a.m. – 4.30 p.m.
CPD/PDP : 0
Title: IIEC 2015 - "Safe, Smart and Innovative Development in Power Systems" (Conference Only) (Sime Darby Convention Centre, Kuala Lumpur)
1 December 2015 to 2 December 2015
Organised by : Electrical Engineering Technical Division Time : 8.00 a.m. – 4.30 p.m.
CPD/PDP : 0
Kindly note that the scheduled events below are subject to change. Please visit the IEM website at www.myiem.org. my for more information on the upcoming events.
Talent Development: Malaysian Oil & Gas Industries
Ir. Danaraj Chandrasegaran graduated from University Teknologi Malaysia in 2001 with a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering (Hons). He obtained his Masters Degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Malaya in 2010. Currently he is the Section Head, Material Handling & Human Factors Engineering at Technip Malaysia. He is also the co-opted member of Oil, Gas and Mining Technical Division of IEM.
The recent announcement by Petronas with regards to several major oil and gas projects, such as Rapid project in Pengerang and North Malay Basin Development, has created much excitement in the oil and gas industry. Also in the limelight are other notable offshore ield developments in Malaysia, namely Malikai, Rotan and Kanowit. Marginal ields are also being developed and existing ields will be rejuvenated with enhanced oil recovery system to boost oil production in the coming years.
All these developments in the local oil and gas industry will create thousands of skilled jobs comprising different level of education, trainings and skill sets. For example, in the Rapid project, it is envisaged that some 40,000-50,000 workers will be needed during construction period (Bernama, 12 May 2012).
The question that comes to mind is: Where will we source all the technical personnel and skilled workers needed to execute and ensure success and continuity in all these projects? In other words, if the projects concerned do not create the multiplier effect that is needed to boost our overall economy, it will not be meeting its objectives.
Talent issues have been actively discussed in the mainstream and social media. The focus here is on the oil and gas industry, which is high net worth and a major impact economy booster in the region. Nevertheless, considering the significance of the oil and gas industry in our economy, it will be prudent to have a holistic and long-term approach to address the talent issue, while being cautious over external pull factors.
TALENT DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
Oil and gas industry talent requirements are different on a wide magnitude compared to that of local manufacturing and construction industries. Equipment technologies and safety requirements differ throughout the world and are dictated by process licensors as well as oil majors. In Malaysian context, the industry is well developed to cater to regional needs. Local vendors have established themselves through Petronas vendor development programmes and large engineering consulting groups have their presence here as well.
In order to move towards wider global audience, extensive efforts need to be
engaged. Our local engineers need to be well versed with wider technical skill sets in terms of familiarising with standards and other regulatory requirements in other countries. Moreover, projects all over the world are being completed in shorter periods and involve satellite offices around the world engaged with a multicultural work force, which will require a higher degree of English language proficiency and IT skills.
The market is also looking for well-rounded talents. This includes technical skills which are complemented with field experience such as fabrication, testing and commissioning works. These can be common requirements for most employers. The reality, however, is that most of the workforce is not trained to be well rounded. This would be a point for improvement that can be taken up by the industry.
Talent development solutions must also cater beyond the engineering community, such as government officials, logistics service provider, inspection service providers and procurement personnel. The advancement of the industry is very much dependent on these parts in the private sector and public sector catering to the oil and gas industry.
RAISING STANDARDS OF TRAINING & EDUCATION
To ensure Malaysians are capable of meeting the industry needs and market demands, our workforce needs to be equipped with the right knowledge and tools. It’s not just fresh graduates. The entire workforce needs to be fostered to meet market demands and to keep abreast of current market developments.
At present, there seems to be expectations gaps between the industry and educational institutes. The industry expects the fresh graduates to be “job ready”; however they are
Ir. Danaraj Chandrasegaran
not. Currently, steps are being taken by both private and public sectors to address the issues.
Though IEM and BEM have prescribed paths to attain professional qualification for engineers, most graduates are either not aware of the process or have a lackadaisical attitude towards it. We should be stressing on continuous professional development. A structured learning process which suits the industry, particularly employers, must be part of the workforce development plan throughout an engineer’s career, with measurable indicators.
Internshipplans,asspearheadedbyMOGEC(Association of Malaysian Oil & Gas Engineering Consultants), which link localresearchuniversitiesandmajorengineeringconsultancy companies based in Malaysia, must be applauded. Solutions like these offer university students early exposure to the oil & gas industry and build their capabilities. Upon completion of their undergraduate degree, this will ensure a smoother transition to a career in the oil & gas industry.
Meanwhile, the curriculum in academic institutions should reflect the specialisations in the market. Key ideas and industry terminologies should be familiarised at tertiary education level as this will enhance the confidence level of workforce entrants. For example, subjects related to safety, technology,industrycodesandstandardsaswellassoftware tools should be made available to the final-year students.
Both the industry and academia need to strengthen their collaboration to align talent development to match the requirements of the oil and gas industries. Involvement by industry personnel in designing the academic curriculum and providing real field or business exposure through the sharing of experiences must be encouraged and rewarded. More structured learning programmes are also needed for existing industry practitioners to further improve themselves. These can be arranged through partnerships between the industry and academia.
CONCLUSION
While talent will be an on-going issue in the next decade, there is already a talent pool in Malaysia that can be developed and refined further. This may involve long-term commitments from both the public sector and industry players. The benefits that may be reaped far outweigh the efforts required.
IEM DIARY OF EVENTS
Title: Talk on “Energy Eficient Cellular Base Stations based on the Characteristics of Malaysia’s Solar Radiation Exposure”
Kindly note that the scheduled events below are subject to change. Please visit the IEM website at www.myiem. org.my for more information on the upcoming events.
Finite Element Analysis on Offshore Structures
OIL , GAS AND MINING TECHNICAL DIVISION
Engr. Shazlan Rahman is a corporate member with the Institution of Civil Engineers UK (MICE) and a chartered engineer with the Engineering Council UK (CEng). He has more than 10 years of experience in engineering design and project management. He is a committee member of the IEM Marine and Naval Architecture Technical Division (MNATD) and Oil, Gas and Mining Technical Division (OGMTD).
The engineers who attended the talk
The IEM Oil, Gas and Mining Technical Division (OGMTD) organised a two-hour talk titled Finite Element Analysis on Offshore Structures on 28 July 2015. The talk was conducted by Dr Venkatesh Rajagopalan from Aker Solutions and chaired by Engr. Shazlan Rahman from OGMTD. The aim of the talk was to explain the basic principles of finite element analysis (FEA) and how this was used in the offshore structural design. Some 60 IEM members attended this event.
As many engineers are aware, FEM is a mathematical tool used to solve a complicated design by breaking it down into small parts called finite elements. In essence, according to Wikipedia, finite element analysis (FEA) is a mathematical tool used to achieve the following:
• Accurate representation of complex geometry
• Inclusion of dissimilar material properties
• Easy representation of the total solution
• Capture of local effects
Inhisintroduction,DrVenkateshexplained the fundamental concepts of FEA. In FEA, a structure is cut into several small elements such as rectangles. It then reconnects the elements at “nodes”(as if the nodes are pins that hold the elements together). This process results in a set of simultaneous algebraic equations being developed which can be solved quickly by computer programs.
The presentation continued with a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of using FEA in structural designs. The main strength is that it can analyse structures with complex geometries and restraints. It can also handle complex loads such as time or frequency dependant loads. On the other hand, FEA has a weakness: It cannot produce a close form solution. In other words, it cannot examine a system response to changes in various parameters.
Dr Venkatesh also covered the procedures for carrying out FEA. There are
reported by Engr. Shazlan Rahman
Grad I.E.M.
three main stages in FEA: Pre-process, process and postprocess.
The first stage, pre-process, involves modelling of the structure and applying associate loads. In the second stage, the FEA programme is used to carry out numerical analysis on the model and to prepare the loading result. The third stage, post-process, involves reviewing the results.
On the analysis of offshore structures, Dr Venkatesh explained the concept of stress concentration on structural joints and how this could affect the fatigue life of a structure. Some of these joints could have complex geometry, so it would be impossible to calculate the stress concentration at these joints by using hand calculations. The only way to do so was by using FEA.
The two-hour talk was followed by an interactive question-answer session. It ended with the chairman, Engr. Shazlan Rahman, presenting a gift and certificate to Dr Venkatesh as a token of appreciation.
OBITUARY
With deep regret, we wish to inform that Ir. Hj Dzulkarnain Bin Haji Kamaruzzaman had passed away on 10 October 2015. On behalf of the IEM Council and Management, we wish to convey our deepest condolences to the family.
The IEM Editorial Board
Dr Venkatesh giving his presentation
Talk on Offshore Geotechnical Investigation Techniques for Shallow and Deep Sea Oil Exploration & Production
Ir. Chew Weng Yuen is a co-opted committee member of the Engineering Education Technical Division of IEM. He is currently the Deputy General Manager of Forefront Tiara Sdn. Bhd. This report was prepared with the aid of the presentation slides courtesy of Dato’ Ir. Mohd Helmi Zulkawi.
The successful extraction of oil and gas offshore depends partly on building the right kind of offshore structures. To achieve this, geotechnical investigators must first do their part in collecting subsoil data beneath the seabed for the subsequent design of these offshore structures.
Dato’ Ir. Mohd Helmi Zulkawi, founder and Managing Director of Asian Geos Sdn. Bhd., was the speaker at the talk titled Offshore Geotechnical Investigation Techniques for Shallow and Deep Sea Oil Exploration & Production, held on 13 August 2015.
The talk, attended by 55 participants, was a joint effort between the Engineering Education Technical Division of IEM, the Geotechnical Engineering Technical Division, Engineers Australia Malaysia Chapter and the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Malaysia Branch.
Briefly, the talk covered six areas: Overview, purpose, types of offshore structures, scope of investigation, geotechnical drilling and water depth measurement.
OVERVIEW: Dato’ Ir. Mohd Helmi introduced the types of vessels and platforms used for geotechnical drilling, sampling and soil testing. He talked about typical industry techniques associated with shallow and deep sea penetration geotechnical investigation, including seabed and surface drilling tools.
PURPOSE: The purpose of such an investigation is to collect subsoil data beneath the seabed for the foundation design of offshore structures such as oil platforms, jack-up oil drilling rigs and submarine pipelines. The data is used in the design of the deep foundation to support platforms and well heads, driven piles, drilled and grouted piles, mudmat bearing capacity for temporary support, pile drivability assessment and analysis, and spudcan penetration and analysis for jack-up rigs.
TYPES OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES: These are the jack-up rig, deep-water jacket, gravitybased structure, compliant tower, tension-leg platform, classic spar, and the truss spar. Dato’ Ir. Mohd Helmi described the features and use of these structures, particularly the jack-up drilling rig, fixed platform, and the tension-leg platform.
SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION: The number of soil boring carried out at any particular location depends on the type and size of the offshore structure, soil condition and the potential variability of lateral soils. Soil boring is normally supplemented by in-situ testing such as cone penetration test (CPT) and remote vane tests.
GEOTECHNICAL DRILLING: Most offshore geotechnical investigations are performed from dedicated purpose-built vessels or those converted for this purpose. Since the drilling operations may take several days per borehole,
Session Chairman Ir. Chew presenting a memento to Dato’ Ir. Mohd Helmi Zulkawi (right).
reported by Ir. Chew Weng Yuen
and the verticality of the drill string is crucial, the use of dynamic positioning or a four-point mooring system is essential in the operation. As for overcoming the choppiness of the seas, a heave-compensated rotary drilling technique is employed, utilising a 5-inch outer diameter API pipe and an open-faced dragbit.
Pictures of the typical geotechnical drilling vessels were shown to the participants. Videos of the vessels taken during drilling operations in the open seas were also shown to illustrate the amount of heaving of the vessels. In fact, Dato’ Ir. Mohd Helmi said, heaving of 0.6-3.0 metres is normal in the open seas.
WATER DEPTH MEASUREMENT: Dato’ Ir. Mohd Helmi explained water depth measurement techniques such as the echo sounder, seabed sensor, CPT, drilled string counts and fishing for mudline. Drilling and sampling procedures were discussed and supplemented with picture slides of the wireline push sampler, seabed CPT and those used for deep water sampling, such as the seabed robotic system.
Before ending the talk, Dato’ Ir. Mohd Helmi explained that some 70% of soil testing are performed on the vessels and emphasised on the integrity of the onboard laboratory results to the design engineers.
Lastly, the challenges currently facing the offshore geotechnical investigation industry were discussed and Dato’ Ir. Mohd Helmi took several questions from the participants before the talk ended.
IEM DIARY OF EVENTS
Title: 2-Day Course Bridge Loading and Concrete Bridge Design to Eurocodes
24 November 2015 - 25 November 2015
Organised by : Civil and Structural Engineering Technical Division Time : 8.30 a.m. – 5.00 p.m. CPD/PDP : 13
Kindly note that the scheduled events below are subject to change. Please visit the IEM website at www.myiem.org.my for more information on the upcoming events.
Women in Engineering Leadership Forum Asia 2015
TODAY, as both husbands and wives find employment in the job market, it is expected that they would share care giving responsibilities equally. But in reality, this is not the case. “Women have made great strides in the workplace, but inequality remains,” said Mary Brinton, Professor of Sociology at Harvard University. Gender stereotyping is the number one enemy where gender inequality is concerned and much work remains to be done.
So, at the 3rd Annual Women In Engineering Leadership Forum Asia 2015, held on 18-19 May, 2015, more than 40 women engineer leaders were invited to exchange ideas, share experiences and discuss the unique challenges that women engineers face in the working environment. Three committee members from IEM’s Women Engineers Section were invited to participate in the forum. They were Ir. Assoc. Prof. Leong Wai Yie , Ir. Suhana bte Abdul Majid and Engr. Dr Habibah Hj. Haron.
Three leading experts in their fields – Dr Bhavani Krishan, Head of MMC-
Gamuda KVMRT (T) Sdn. Bhd., April Kinney, Director, Fluor Mining & Metal, Australia, and Bhavani Prakash, CEO, Conscious Leadership Asia, facilitated at the seminar. The unique programme was designed for busy engineering executives and was condensed into 3 specific workshop modules. More than 9 international speakers dealt with building the capacity for women engineers in a dynamic engineering environment.
The panel discussion covered topics on gender diversity and leadership in engineering – men as agents of change. The delegates also participated in the roundtable session on Career Retention and Climbing The Professional Ladder. Various ideas and opinions were addressed, highlighting the importance of women’s involvement in engineering today.
A group picture taken at the seminar
Discussing issues related to women engineers
reported by
Ir. Assoc. Prof. Dr Leong Wai Yie
Ir. Assoc. Prof. Dr Leong Wai Yie is currently the Vice President of Women Engineers Section. She is involved in biomedical signal processing analysis and wireless communications.
WOMEN ENGINEERS SECTION
Riding The Waves of Change: From British Standard to Euro Codes
IEM’S Civil and Structural Engineering Technical Division (CSETD) and Hiap Teck Venture Berhad (HTVB) jointly organised by a one-day seminar titled Riding The Waves of Change: From British Standard to Euro Codes, on 24 March 2015. The seminar, fully sponsored by HTVB, was held at the Setia Alam Convention Centre in Shah Alam and attended by 13 participants from various industries.
The speaker was Professor Dr Chiew Sing Ping, former Head of the Division of Structural Engineering and Mechanics in the School of Civil and Environment Engineering, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore. He was the Past President and Honour Fellow of Singapore Structural Steel Society. Currently he is a Member of the Panel of Expert Advisor of the Land Transport Authority of Singapore, a Member of the Building and Construction Authority Academy Advisory Panel, and a Board Member of the Professional Engineers Board of Singapore.
The seminar was divided into four sessions: Introduction, high strength materials, steel structures and composite steel-concrete structures.
In the first session, Dr Chiew pointed out that the Structural Euro Codes was fully implemented in Singapore on 1 April 2015. Euro Codes impacts the choice of materials used and it is very critical to evaluate whether certain materials can still be used, due to the more stringent requirements of the Euro Codes. The adoption of new seismic design requirements in the Euro Codes posed significant challenges to structural engineers who had long been exposed to the non-seismic British design codes.
In the second session, the discussion focused on the advantages of using high strength materials such as concrete, reinforced steel and structural steel as according to Euro Codes requirements. In addition, Dr Chiew discussed the materials and detailing requirements for seismic design in the Euro Codes.
In the third session, he gave some practical examples associated with the design of steel
structures that comply with the Euro Code 3 (EC3). Also discussed were design requirements such as imperfections and structural analysis, high strength steel in EC3, web bearing and web buckling.
In the fourth session, Dr Chiew explained the design of composite steel-concrete structures according to Euro Code 4 (EC4). He compared the design requirements between EC4 and BS5950 in terms of safety factors and material strength. He discussed the design of the headed stud shear connector according to EC 4 and BS5950, and pointed out that generally, the resistance of headed stud shear connectors determined by EC4 was lower than that determine by BS5950. Lastly, he presented the designs of the composite column, beam and slab to EC4 and BS5950.
A Q&A session followed, after which Ir. David Ng from CSETD presented a memento and certificate of appreciation to Dr Chiew.
IEM DIARY OF EVENTS
Title: Engineering Shopping Malls 2 (Sunway Resort Hotel and Spa, Petaling Jaya)
2 December 2015
Organised by : Mechanical Engineering Technical Division
Time : 8.00 a.m. – 5.30 p.m. CPD/PDP : 3.5
Title: Technical Visit to Khantan Plant, Ipoh (Batu 131/2, Jalan Kuala Kangsar, 31200 Chemor, Ipoh, Perak)
11 December 2015
Organised by : Civil and Structural Engineering Technical Division
Time : 8.00 a.m. – 6.00 p.m. CPD/PDP : 4
Kindly note that the scheduled events below are subject to change. Please visit the IEM website at www.myiem.org.my for more information on the upcoming events.
reported by Ir. Lo Seng Ling
Ir. Lo Seng Ling is currently a member of the Civil and Structural Technical Division session 2014/2015.
CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL TECHNICAL DIVISION
GLOBE TREKKING
Glulam Application Par Excellence
Ir. Chin Mee Poon www.facebook.com/ chinmeepoon
Ir. Chin Mee Poon is a retired civil engineer who derives a great deal of joy and satisfaction from travelling to different parts of the globe, capturing fascinating insights of the places and people he encounters and sharing his experiences with others through his photographs and writing.
We are pleased to announce that a travel coffee-table book, published by IEM, is now available for purchase at the Secretariat:
“A Globe-Trotting Engineer’s Footprints” by Ir. Chin Mee Poon
The selling price is as follows:
Members : RM50
Non-Members : RM55
All proceeds will go to the IEM Building Fund.
For more information, kindly contact IEM Secretariat via telephone 03-7968 4001 and email address at : sec@iem.org.my
Thank you.
When my wife and I were back packing in France in late spring of 2015, we had the good fortune to visit an outstanding building which incorporated the extensive use of glulam in its design.
Regular readers of this column will remember that I briefly introduced glulam in my article “Glulam – A Metamorphosis Of Timber” (Jurutera, June 2009).
Glulam, or glued laminated timber, has distinct advantages over solid timber. It widens the scope of timber usage by taking on curved and odd shapes, made possible through the manufacturing process. It also reduces timber wastage as knots and other minor defects in each component board can be removed without affecting the rest of the board.
We arrived in Metz in northeast France by train and found a comfortable room within our budget in a hotel directly facing the railway station. About 10 minutes’ walk away from the back of the station was an avant-garde building, Centre Pompidou-Metz. From afar, its roof, glistening white in the sun, looked like a stingray swimming gracefully. The building is a masterpiece by famous Japanese architect Shigeru Ban ( ) who found the inspiration for the roof design in a Chinese straw hat he found in Paris. Construction started in 2006 and the building was officially opened on 12 May, 2010.
Centre Pompidou-Metz is a museum of modern and contemporary arts and is a branch of Centre George Pompidou of Paris opened inearly1977. The building houses 3 galleries, a theatre and an
auditorium, with a total usable space of 5,000 sq.m.
The most outstanding part of the building is, of course, the roof. The hexagonal roof with a total surface area of 8,000 sq.m. is made up of 16km of glulam strips that cross each other curvilinearly in 3 directions to form hexagonal and triangular wooden units resembling the neatly woven bamboo strip pattern in a Chinese straw hat. The entire curvilinear roof lattice is covered with white fibreglass sheet and a coating of Teflon, giving the roof its distinctive resemblance to a graceful stingray.
Teflon is a product based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with the exceptional qualities of being hydrophobic and highly non-reactive. Thus, the roof of Centre Pompidou-Metz is self-cleaning and durable and allows interior light to penetrate, making the timber lattice clearly visible from outside at night.
Shigeru Ban is well known for his innovative work with paper, particularly recycled cardboard tubes used to quickly and efficiently house disaster victims. The Cardboard Cathedral in Christchurch, New Zealand, built as a stop-gap venue for church members after the original cathedral was badly damaged in the 2011 earthquake, is a remarkable example of such a project.
Tarikh: 12 October 2015
To All Members,
SENARAI CALON-CALON YANG LAYAK MENDUDUKI TEMUDUGA PROFESIONAL TAHUN 2015
BerikutadalahsenaraicalonyanglayakuntukmendudukiTemuduga Profesional bagi tahun 2015.
Mengikut Undang-Undang Kecil IEM, Seksyen 3.8, nama-nama seperi tersenarai berikut diterbitkan sebagai calon-calon yang layak untuk menjadi Ahli Insitusi, dengan syarat bahawa mereka lulus Temuduga Profesional tahun 2015.
Sekiranya terdapat Ahli Korporat yang mempunyai bantahan terhadap mana-mana calon yang didapai idak sesuai untuk menduduki Temuduga Profesional, surat bantahan boleh dikemukakan kepada Seiausaha Kehormat, IEM. Surat bantahan hendaklahdikemukakansebulandaritarikhpenerbitandikeluarkan.
Ir. Yam Teong Sian Seiausaha Kehormat, IEM,
PERMOHONAN BARU NamaKelayakan
KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
AHMAD DENNEY BIN AHMAD FAUZIBE HONS (KANSAS) (CIVIL, 1998)
LIM CHEE CHUNG BIN KUI LIANGBE HONS (SOUTH AUSTRALIA) (CIVIL & WATER, 2004)
MANSOR BIN ROHANIBE HONS (UTM) (CIVIL, 2008)
MOHD AZREEN BIN YAACOB BE HONS (UNITEN) (CIVIL, 2005)
Kindly note that the scheduled events below are subject to change. Please visit the IEM website at www. myiem.org.my for more information on the upcoming events.
Note: This is a coninuaion of the list which was irst published on page 46 of the October 2015 issue.
79325MOHAMAD HAFIZ BIN MUSTAPHA B.E.HONS.(UTM) (ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC, 2009)
79085MOHAMAD HAFIZUL HARIZ BIN MAHAZIR B.E.HONS.(UITM) (ELECTRICAL, 2015)
79077MOHAMAD SHAIR BIN MOHAMED ISA B.E.HONS.(UITM) (ELECTRICAL, 2015)
79071MOHAMMAD FADZIL BIN ISHAK B.E.HONS.(UITM) (ELECTRICAL, 2015)
79062MOHAMMAD NOOR IZHAR MAT SALLEH B.E.HONS.(UITM) (ELECTRICAL, 2015)
78414 MOHD AISAR BIN ABDULLAH@DOLLAH B.E.HONS.(UTHM) (ELECTRICAL, 2009)
78422 MOHD ALFITRI BIN ZAILAN B.E.HONS.(UNIMAP) (ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, 2010)
Note: Remaining list would be published in the December 2015 issue. For the list of approved “ADMISSION TO THE GRADE OFSTUDENT”, please refer to IEM web portal at http://www.myiem.org.my.
Institusi mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua yang telah memberikan sumbangan kepada tabung Bangunan Wisma IEM. Ahli-ahli IEM dan pembaca yang ingin memberikan sumbangan boleh berbuat demikian dengan memuat turun borang di laman web IEM http://www.iem.org.my atau menghubungi secretariat di +603-7968 4001/5518 untuk maklumat lanjut. Senarai penyumbang untuk bulan Ogos 2015 adalah seperti jadual di bawah:
NO. NO. AHLI NAMA
1.29705 GAN HONG TENG
2.09993JAGJIT SINGH
3.14838KAMARUZZAMAN BIN MUHAMMAD
4.03651LIM KEE SIN
5.00818LOH CHOW KHUAN
6.58742MOHAMMAD JOHARI BIN ISMAIL
7.54226MOHD AZUDDIN BIN MOHD HANIFAH
8.05387MUHAMMAD RAZIF BIN HAJI IBRAHIM
9.25546ROHIZAN BINTI MOHAMAD @ MOHAMED ASMONI
10.07586 SHAHBUDIN BIN AHMAD
11. 09542WONG NENG KWONG, PETER 12.05613 YAM TEONG SIAN
RM 2,711,184.43 contributed by IEM Members and Committees RM 741,502.00 contributed by Private Organisations
