Read about how Vopak Deer Park and Marathon Petroleum are leading the way in safety practices
How is the new Trump administration impacting the terminals market – and what is the ILTA advocating for?
Stay ahead of the latest inspection techniques, plus a foreword from the president of the ASNT
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29 Building For The Future
Jonathan Feys, chief commercial officer at GTS: speaks to Tank Storage Magazine about what a sustainable future looks like
30 Vopak Deer Park: A Safety First Culture
Gary Jackson, SHEQ director at Vopak North America, speaks to Kate Rainford about the Deer Park Terminal’s safety practices
32 NeuVentus: Alternative Storage
CEO Sam Porter, speaks exclusively to Tank Storage Magazine about the company’s salt caverns storing hydrogen and natural gas in Texas
34 Chemical Bonds: A Supportive Culture
IMTT’S VP for environment, health, safety and sustainability, Traci Johnson, shares her journey from chemical engineering into terminals and leadership
36 Acting on Defence
FETSA’s executive director Ravi Bhatiani responds to the EU’s latest White Paper and what role the terminals industry has to play in defence
38 The US Policy Horizon
Jay Cruz, senior director of government affairs and communications director of communications & policy at the ILTA examines the policy outlook for the terminals industry under the Trump administration
40 UK-EU Reset
Tim Doggett, CEO of the Chemical Business Association, explores how Brexit and other challenges have disrupted the chemical supply chain, and what needs to be done to restore trade between the UK and the EU
42 Power and Potential
Vassia Sourtzi, senior energy transition specialist at Lloyd’s Register, looks at the factors impacting the global fuel mix
44 The Ripple Effect
Giacomo Prandelli unpacks how US volatility is flipping the script for storage terminals worldwide, and how to turn it into an opportunity
46 Texplor: Step Into The Future
How Dow is using big data monitoring to extend tank and basin service life
47 Leading The Way In Non-Destructive Testing
Clyde May, president of ASNT, explains the association’s core mission and looks to the future of NDT
48 In-Depth: Examining NDT
Kate Rainford speaks to a range of non-destructive testing companies about the essential role it plays
52 Embracing The Digital Age
Anamika Talwaria examines the case for going digital, and the barriers terminal CISOs have to overcome
58 Marathon Petroleum: The Journey To Elite Safety manager, Dennis Medenhall, explains the rigorous safety culture in the Terminals organisation
60 Containing AFFF Runoff & PFAS Risk
Stephen Pepper, senior consultant for PFAS programmes at CTEH, explores ways for storage terminals to stay safe and compliant when managing firewater
54 Transforming The Digital Landscape CEO of UAB-Online, Hans Bobeldijk, reflects on the company’s success at the 2025 Global Tank Storage Awards
56 Picture-Perfect Project
Kevin Wheeldon, sales director at Cashco, explains the company’s prize-winning picture after winning the StocExpo 2025 Photography Competition
65 Gastech: Shaping The Future
Enjoy this first look at Gastech 2025 in Milan and how the conference is set to accelerate global energy security and innovation
66 StocExpo Review: 20 Years of Progress Tank Storage Magazine reflects on the key learnings from another hugely successful StocExpo
70 Innovation Zero: A Cleaner Future Tank Storage Magazine reports back from Innovation Zero World 2025
72 IE Week: Shaping Tomorrow’s Energy Tank Storage Magazine looks back at another successful and insightful International Energy Week in London, UK
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10 &11 March 2026 | Rotterdam Ahoy
Anamika is the editor of Tank Storage Magazine
On page 34 she’s championing Women in Tanks with IMTT’s Traci Johnson. Be sure to catch both of them speaking about being a woman in the industry at this year’s ITLA (June 9-11).
Kate is Tank Storage Magazine’s junior writer. On page 30, she’s interviewed Gary Jackson, SHEQ director at Vopak North America, about Deer Park Terminal’s safety practices.
T +44 (0)20 3196 9339 anamika@tankstoragemag.com www.tankstorage.com
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Kyle Gullyes
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ENERGY SECURITY has never been higher on the agenda. In the midst of unclear tariffs on goods to and from the USA, increased geopolitical instability and blackouts across the Iberian peninsula, many countries seem to be looking inwards at self-reliance.
But do the last 70+ years of history not tell us that global collaboration is key to a peaceful and economically prosperous world? Well US-China disputes over tariffs appear to be tanking the crude oil market, with prices falling lower than they have for many decades. Meanwhile, OPEC is predicting greater demand, and potentially looking to ramp up oil production – which could dampen the market even further.
Luckily, in this latest edition of Tank StorageMagazine we’ve spoken to industry leading experts on what the global fuel mix might look like – and just how much will be made up of fossil fuels. Lloyd’s Register share their base and high cases up to 2050 on page 42, with a more laser-focused 2025 analysis on page 44 Regardless, the economic landscape is changing across the entire world –and much of it is thanks to geopolitics. Whether that’s volatility in the US markets (and more from the ILTA on what they’re advocating for this congress is on page 38), or developing conflicts across the Middle East and Asia – not to mention the ongoing impact of Russia-Ukraine. We’ll keep you updated on how the markets are being impacted, and this edition we’re bringing you some particularly thoughtful pieces from terminals across the USA and Europe that are pivoting their focuses. On page 29, we hear from Ghent Transport & Logistics about how much they’re investing into green ammonia and SAF, while NeuVentus’ hydrogen salt caverns are looking likely to be filled with LNG instead (page 32).
Even while oil supplies remain high, it’s important that the terminals industry doesn’t turn its back on future fuels. On top of the mandatory targets and changing fuel mix demands, many of our experts featured in this edition mentioned recruitment challenges as one of the biggest impacts to their business at the
moment – could the green transition be the way to encourage younger generations in? But be careful – young people are savvy about when a company is greenwashing their messaging, so make sure you can back up any claims of sustainable working practices. Though the terminals landscape looks to be evolving at a rapid pace, safety is still at the core of everything we do. To that end, the ASNT (American Society of Nondestructive Testing) explains the benefits of NDT on page 57, and we speak to Vopak Deer Park (page 30) and Marathon Petroleum (page 58) about the ways their terminals are leading when it comes to safe practices. On page 52, we have an in-depth look at the ways digitalisation can improve efficiency and safety on site, as well as how easy digital tools make it to comply with ever-changing regulations.
So, an industry in flux? Always. But the core values of safety, efficiency and security are always
prevalent. And the best way to stay upto-date?
Well, besides a subscription to Tank Storage Magazine, live events hold the key. Get the inside scoop from the conference stages at our flagship event, StocExpo, on page 66 – and make sure you save the date for next year, 10 & 11 March at the Rotterdam Ahoy.
In the meantime, you can see our team at various events before we break up for Summer. In May, we’ll be in Marseille for the FETSA AGM (15-16), at World Hydrogen Summit in Rotterdam (20-22) and simultaneously on booth M124 at ChemUK (Birmingham, 21-22).
Catch us in America for the long-awaited ILTA on June 9-11 – and come and see me talk about being a woman in the industry during the Women in Terminals Networking (please no hecklers!). Our team will also be present on booth 909 for you to book a complete marketing campaign to boost your brand – or just tell us what’s new in the industry! I can’t wait to catch up with you all!
Best wishes,
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Northern Lights, a transport and storage service for CO2 , has received confirmation that all the required permits are in place to start injecting and storing CO 2 in the Aurora CCS licence in the North Sea.
The Norway Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Climate and Environment, the Norwegian Environmental Agency (NEA) and Norwegian Ocean Industry Authority (Havtil) have all given their consents for the first phase of Northern Lights.
Tim Heijn, managing director of Northern Lights JV says: ‘This is a major milestone for the carbon capture and storage chain in Norway. The Norwegian authorities have granted the permits required to inject and store CO 2 on the Norwegian continental shelf. With these consents in place, we are on track to safely start CO 2 transport and storage operations in Northern Lights.’
The permit granted is for the injection and storage of 37.5 million tonnes of CO 2 from this year and the next 25 years. This covers the first phase of Northern Lights development with a capacity to transport and store 1.5 million tonnes of CO 2 per year.
Chane terminal Botlek has completed a major upgrade for a leading customer, enhancing the storage, handling, and logistics of base oils.
Chane says: ‘At the heart of this improvement is tank pit 16, designed with a clear focus on speed, safety, and efficiency. With 5 new base oil grades, 6 pipelines to the jetties, additional pumps, and an advanced truck loading station, the infrastructure is now fully modernised and ready for the next step. This is especially clear at loading bay 17: license plate recognition, illuminated smart loading arms, and full data access via our terminal management system enable us to load up to three trucks at once – faster, smarter, and error-free.’
Remy Kostense, senior improvement engineer at Chane adds: ‘The best part of this project is the teamwork – with both the customer and our colleagues. From design to operation, you can immediately see the difference we make. We involve Chane professionals on site from the start, so they can operate and support everything smoothly. Proud of the collaboration and the enthusiastic feedback from both the customer and our operations team.’
The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies has released its latest report on Securing European Military Fuels In A Tense Security Environment: Supply, Distribution And Storage.
In summary, the paper investigates the challenges to fuel logistics that NATO could face if forced into a large-scale conflict on its Eastern Flank. It finds that several core features of the European fuel supply system could emerge as serious constraints on military effectiveness:
• European NATO countries remain highly dependent on oil supply lines from unstable or unfriendly countries, raising the possibility of sudden supply constraints under conditions of war instability. Several chokepoints on European oil supply lines are vulnerable to deliberate sabotage by hostile actors.
• European oil refining capacity is concentrated some distance from NATO’s Eastern Flank, with Eastern NATO countries often dependent on imports to fill refining shortfalls during peacetime. Additionally, European refining capacity is declining under pressure from foreign competition and the green transition.
• Military fuel distribution infrastructure has not been extended to the Eastern Flank, leading to dependence on distribution methods that may not be adequate for a war scenario.
• Fuel storage in European NATO members and Eastern members in particular is low relative to both normal civilian consumption and possible military consumption. Policies on emergency storage are not well optimised for a military conflict scenario.
• Increasing decarbonisation in the civilian sector will further degrade the viability of fossil fuel infrastructure, placing increasing pressure on a military that will remain dependent on fossil fuels.
The paper makes several recommendations to address these:
• Coordination should be increased at the European level to identify and address fuel supply bottlenecks.
• Collaboration between military planners and civilian oil logistics companies should be increased to address fuel supply bottlenecks.
• NATO allies should devise a clear policy on emergency oil stocks and their use during wartime.
ITM Power has been selected by Uniper for the 120MW Humber H2ub (Green) project in Killingholme, UK.
The project was recently shortlisted as part of the UK’s Hydrogen Allocation Round 2 (HAR2). ITM will deploy six 20MW POSEIDON core electrolysis process modules into the project. POSEIDON offers efficiency, rapid response times, and an optimised footprint for large-scale projects.
The Humber H2ub (Green) project is a planned green hydrogen production facility at Uniper’s Killingholme site. Its initial capacity will be 120MW, with the future potential expansion of a further 200MW+. In March 2024, Uniper and Phillips 66 Limited signed a collaboration agreement to work together towards supplying green hydrogen from the Humber H2ub (Green) project to the Phillips 66 Limited Humber Refinery to replace some refinery fuel gas in industrial-scale fired heaters. The project is subject to a final investment decision (FID), which is expected in 2026 and targeted to be operational by 2029.
Dennis Schulz, CEO, says: ‘We are delighted that Uniper has selected us for their large-scale green hydrogen project in the UK, which will contribute to the decarbonisation of the Humber Refinery and create skilled job opportunities at Killingholme and the surrounding area.’
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Terminal of the Future e-fuels Rotterdam
The Excelsior has reached the industrial Port of Wilhelmshaven, Germany, marking the start of the commissioning of another important floating LNG terminal in Germany, according to DET.
The floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) will be extensively tested in the coming weeks and the entire plant will be connected to the gas grid and put into operation. This new terminal is another crucial step towards securing energy supplies and stabilising gas prices in Germany and throughout Europe. With a planned annual capacity of up to 4.6 billion m³ of natural gas, the Wilhelmshaven02 terminal will make a significant contribution to the resilience of the energy supply.
Dr Peter Röttgen, managing director of DET (Deutsche Energy Terminal), says: ‘The floating LNG terminals are a central part of our strategy to make the energy supply of Germany and Europe more resilient and independent. Today’s arrival shows what can be achieved in a short time through close cooperation between numerous partners.’
The Excelsior is 277 metres long, has a storage capacity of 138,000 m³ and a regasification capacity of up to 500 MMSCFD. It was taken over by DET under a five-year charter contract and will soon add further capacity to the first terminal in Wilhelmshaven.
Neste has started producing SAF at its renewable products refinery in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The refinery has been modified to enable Neste to produce up to 500,000 tonnes of SAF per annum. As a result, Neste’s global SAF production capability has increased to 1.5 million tonnes per annum. ‘It is clear that we need to continue making progress in mitigating climate change and addressing aviation’s climate impact. Neste is fully committed to supporting its customers in the aviation industry to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, and this milestone underlines that commitment. Our SAF production capability, now also in Rotterdam, enables us to significantly contribute to the implementation of the ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation and similar SAF mandates. Policies like these are crucial to rampingup SAF production and usage, and we need to keep our ambitions and targets high. At the same time, it requires support and close cooperation across the whole aviation ecosystem to accelerate the energy transition and related emission reductions,’ says Heikki Malinen, president and CEO of Neste.
TotalEnergies’ Antwerp, Belgium, platform has announced a plan to reconfigure its petrochemicals operations to strengthen competitiveness.
A key industrial site for TotalEnergies for more than 75 years, the Antwerp platform is based on an integrated business model, which guarantees the resilience of its operations.
Ann Veraverbeke, managing director of TotalEnergies Antwerp says: ‘By adapting and investing regularly in our Antwerp site, we’re securing its long-term future and ensuring that this integrated refining and petrochemicals platform remains TotalEnergies’ most efficient in Europe. Whether the aim is to meet market challenges or contribute to decarbonisation and the energy transition, the platform can be reconfigured so that it remains competitive and continues to provide jobs well into the future.’
The Antwerp platform is also speeding up its own decarbonisation. As part of a 200 MW Air Liquide electrolyser project, TotalEnergies has signed a tolling agreement for 130 MW dedicated to the annual production of 15,000 tonnes of green hydrogen for its Antwerp platform. Upstream of the electrolyser, TotalEnergies will supply green electricity thanks to its OranjeWind offshore wind project. Scheduled for the end of 2027, the project will reduce CO 2 emissions at the Antwerp site by up to 150,000 tonnes per year and contribute to the European targets (RED III) for renewable energy in transport.
Woodside has signed an agreement with BP for the integrated energy major to supply natural gas to the Louisiana LNG project.
Woodside’s CEO Meg O’Neill says: ‘Louisiana LNG is a compelling investment, expected to deliver significant cash generation and create long term shareholder value. Securing this gas supply agreement is an important step for the project. Woodside has a long history of successful collaboration with BP. By drawing upon BP’s experience with MiQ certificates, we can access verifiably low methane intensity molecules for the Louisiana LNG project. This supports Woodside’s goals as a member in the UN Environment Programme’s OGMP 2.0 initiative.’
Under the agreement, Louisiana LNG Gas (GasCo), a wholly owned subsidiary of Louisiana LNG LLC, has committed to purchase on a long-term basis up to 640 billion m³ of gas from BP for an ultimate delivery to Line 200 beginning in 2029.
Miami LNG has officially rebranded as Sawgrass LNG & Power. The company, active in the Southeastern US and the Caribbean, focuses on LNG supply, but now also has an enhanced focus on energy production.
Sawgrass LNG & Power operates a liquefaction facility in Miami capable of producing over 100,000 gallons of LNG per day, with on-site storage of 270,000
gallons. The company aims to meet the growing needs of its industrial and commercial clients while supporting energy generation and maritime transport sectors.
The company’s new ambitions extend beyond its traditional role as an LNG supplier, with a particular focus on the marine bunkering and aerospace sectors. The company is also strengthening its position in the energy transition by providing efficient gas-to-electricity solutions for its clients, especially in off-grid regions.
CB&I, Shell, GenH2 and the University of Houston, have announced the completion of a firstof-its-kind, affordable, large-scale liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage tank concept at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, USA.
Mark Butts, president & CEO of CB&I, says: ‘Our collaboration with this worldclass project team will help provide a path to low-cost, large-scale liquid hydrogen storage.’
The project, which began in 2021 and is supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), developed a novel nonvacuum tank design concept for largescale (up to 100,000 m³) storage of LH2 that is anticipated to provide a substantial cost advantage over conventional vacuum insulated tanks. This is demonstrated through the construction, start-up and testing of a small-scale LH2 demonstration tank at NASA MSFC.
Honeywell and Argent LNG have signed an agreement to assess the use of Honeywell’s innovative pretreatment solutions at a new liquefied natural gas (LNG) export terminal to be constructed in Port Fourchon, Louisiana, USA.
Honeywell’s LNG pretreatment solutions help remove contaminants from natural gas, enabling facility operators to enhance production and operational efficiency. When used together, Honeywell’s modular mercury removal unit (MRU), acid gas removal unit (AGRU) and SeparSIV unit can remove mercury, carbon dioxide, sulphur, water and heavy hydrocarbons to applicable LNG specifications. Additionally, Honeywell UOP SeparSIV can be used with varying feed compositions and can save operators up to 50% of lifecycle cost versus traditional removal processes.
Jonathan Bass, CEO of Argent LNG says: ‘Argent LNG is committed to delivering clean, secure, and cost-effective energy worldwide. In order to do so, we need to leverage innovative technology and effective pretreatment solutions. Honeywell’s proven technology has the potential to help us transform the United States LNG sector and help deliver the LNG the world needs.’
Rajesh Gattupalli, president of Honeywell UOP adds: ‘Honeywell’s innovative LNG technologies will play a pivotal role in addressing energy security by enabling the large-scale production of LNG in countries around the world, including the United States. Honeywell’s LNG portfolio includes end-to-end solutions that can be customised and adapted based on the needs of our customers.’
Mitsui is investing in the Blue Point low-carbon ammonia production project in the USA. The final investment decision for the project was made together with CF Industries and JERA.
The project will involve the construction of one of the world’s largest low-carbon ammonia facilities in Louisiana, with an annual production capacity of approximately 1.4 million tonnes. The project will also involve the production and sale of low-carbon ammonia, in collaboration with CF Industries, the world’s largest ammonia producer, and JERA, Japan’s largest power generation operator.
Construction will begin in 2025, and production is planned to begin in 2029. Each shareholder will offtake the produced ammonia. The project plans to use carbon capture and sequestration, and expects to capture and store approximately 2.3 million tonnes of CO2 annually, reducing CO2 emissions during the production process by greater than 95%.
BP has announced an oil discovery at the Far South Prospect in the deepwater US Gulf of America.
BP drilled the exploration well in Green Canyon Block 584, located in western Green Canyon approximately 120 miles off the coast of Louisiana in 4,092 feet of water. The well was drilled to a total depth of 23,830 feet. The Far South co-owners are BP (operator, 57.5%) and Chevron (42.5%).
Both the initial well and a subsequent sidetrack encountered oil in high-quality Miocene reservoirs. Preliminary data supports a potentially commercial volume of hydrocarbons. This discovery in the deepwater Gulf of America underscores how BP is in action to step up investment in exploration and strengthen its upstream portfolio under the strategy reset announced in February 2025.
• low energy input
• no sealing problems
• low investment costs
• no unmixed dead zones
• wear-resistant operation
• no maintenance in the tank
• complete mixing of tank content
• optimisation with (CFD) Computational Fluid Dynamics
The TF Warren Group has acquired Krueger Engineering and Manufacturing (KEMCO), a leading manufacturer of shell and tube heat exchangers for more than 70 years.
This acquisition strengthens TF Warren’s position in the petrochemical, refining, and gas processing market, expands its product portfolio, and accelerates its growth strategy.
Krueger president Wendel Kovar comments: ‘This strategic acquisition marks an exciting chapter in our story, one that promises enhanced capabilities, expanded resources, and a wider range
of solutions to meet the evolving needs of our customers.’
TF Warren CEO Terry Warren adds: ‘We’re excited to have Krueger join the TF Warren Group family. Krueger is very well respected in the industry and has an extremely strong management team and employees that align well with our mission to support our customers’ needs.’ The addition of the 110,000 SF ASME-certified facility in Houston, Texas, USA, which has extensive capabilities to process plate and weld components will complement and support the many TF Warren companies and customers.
Advario and Braskem Idesa have inaugurated Terminal Química Puerto México (TQPM), a strategic ethane storage terminal located in the Port of Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz.
Developed as a 50-50 partnership between the two companies, the
terminal marks a major milestone in Mexico’s energy and petrochemical infrastructure. It represents a joint investment of $500 million (€443 million) and the creation of over 2,000 jobs during construction.
TQPM will play a critical role in securing the long-term ethane supply for the Braskem Idesa Petrochemical Complex, enabling the facility to reach its full production capacity and supporting future growth plans of up to 25%.
The terminal comprises two 50,000 m³ cryogenic tanks, a dedicated jetty and pipeline infrastructure for the reception, storage and transportation of cryogenic ethane. Its 54,000-tonne storage capacity ensures a stable feedstock supply, helping Braskem Idesa produce up to 1,050,000 tonnes of polyethylene per year, including 750,000 tonnes of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 300,000 tonnes of low-density polyethylene (LDPE).
Bas Verkooijen, CEO of Advario, says: ‘The inauguration of TQPM is a proud moment for Advario and an important milestone in our global growth journey. This project reflects our strong partnership with Braskem Idesa, and our leading role in the storage and logistics of chemicals in the world. The expansion into Mexico strengthens our global
presence into a new, highly dynamic and growing petrochemical region.’
Isabel Figueiredo, CEO of Braskem Idesa, adds: ‘Braskem Idesa reaffirms its commitment to the national petrochemical industry with this project, which will allow us to diversify the supply of raw materials and plan a future expansion of our operations in Mexico. The vast experience of our partner, Advario, was fundamental to the success of this project. We strongly believe in the great contribution that TQPM will make to the development of the Mexican industry, aligned with the strategic vision of the Government of Mexico for selfsufficiency.’
Cleantho Leite, CEO of Terminal Química Puerto México, says: ‘The construction of TQPM generated over 2,000 jobs, contributing to the social, economic, and industrial development of the state of Veracruz as one of the main petrochemical hubs in the country. It is the first private industrial investment in the CIIT-Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec’s area of influence. Its implementation included the development of various community social programs, including improvements in schools and health centers in the region, as well as a robust environmental protection program that carried out the rescue and conservation of native flora and fauna.’
TQPM is located within the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (CIIT), a strategic initiative led by the Government of Mexico to accelerate development in the country’s southeastern region.
To support the terminal’s operations, Braskem Group acquired two cryogenic ethane carriers, the Brilliant Future and Brave Future. Each vessel is 188 meters long, with a capacity of 36,000 m 3, and reduces CO2 emissions by 40% compared to the industry average over the past decade. These ships will transport ethane from Texas, USA, to the Port of Coatzacoalcos.
JERA, EDF Trading (EDFT) and JERA Global Markets (JERAGM) have announced the expansion of JERAGM’s remit by its shareholders to include Japanese power trading.
The respective Japanese power trading businesses of JERA and EDFT will be merged to operate alongside JERAGM’s global trading and optimisation business. JERAGM is a joint venture between shareholders JERA (66.67%) and EDFT (33.33%) and the exclusive fuels optimiser for both shareholders.
The integrated Japanese power trading activities are expected to benefit from JERAGM’s comprehensive trading platform, governance and risk management frameworks. The business will operate out of the Coredo Nihonbashi building in Tokyo with a team of over 50 diverse and experienced professionals driving and supporting the business.
sales by 4-5% per year through to 2030. The integration of Pavilion Energy’s assets into Shell’s global LNG portfolio will commence immediately.
Shell Eastern Trading has completed the previously announced acquisition of 100% of the shares in Pavilion Energy.
Pavilion Energy, headquartered in Singapore, operates a global LNG trading business with contracted supply volume of approximately 6.5 million tonnes per annum (mtpa).
The acquisition will be absorbed within Shell’s cash capital expenditure guidance. This acquisition helps to deliver on Shell’s ambition to solidify its leading position in liquified natural gas (LNG) by growing
Aster Chemicals and Energy (Aster) has reached a sales and purchase agreement to acquire Chevron Phillips Singapore Chemicals (CPSC) through its affiliate Chandra Asri Capital.
CPSC owns and operates a polyethylene manufacturing facility on Singapore’s
Jurong Island. CPSC is a joint venture between Chevron Phillips Chemical, EDB Investments and Sumitomo Chemical.
Shareholders of CPSC unanimously agreed to the sale, demonstrating confidence in Aster and enhancing the value chain for its future growth and development. CPSC’s high-density polyethylene manufacturing facility on Jurong Island has an annual production capacity of 400 KTA. China
China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) has agreed a five-year deal to buy LNG from Abu Dhabi National Oil Corp (ADNOC), the third supply contract the Middle Eastern energy exporter signed with Chinese buyers over the weekend, according to two Chinese trading sources and a state media report, reports Reuters.
Chinese privately controlled ENN Natural Gas (arranging a 15-year deal) and state energy trader Zhenhua Oil have also each signed a term contract to secure the super-chilled gas from ADNOC, Reuters has reported. The latest deal with ADNOC is to begin in 2026, delivering 500,000 tonnes of LNG annually.
A tariff war with the United States has pushed Chinese buyers to resell US-sourced cargoes and secure new supply deals as tit-for-tat tariffs drive up import costs. China imported no US LNG during March, data from Kpler and LSEG show. The US accounted for about 5% of China’s LNG last year, according to Chinese customs data.
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a network extending for approximately 12,000 km, with an annual off-take volume of approximately 21 billion m3 and more than 400 end-customers.
Product: Polypropylene
Capacity: 472,500 tonnes
Cost: $2 billion (€1.7 billion)
Construction: Stolthaven Terminals is partnering with Rönesans on the development of a new terminal, located in Ceyhan, Adana, Türkiye. The facility is part of a large-scale new development, that also includes a polypropylene (PP) production plant – which Rönesans will develop separately – with an expected annual production capacity of 472,500 tonnes, meeting roughly 17% of Türkiye’s PP demand.
Stolthaven Terminals and Rönesans will jointly develop the terminal, which will include a deep-sea jetty and feedstock storage services for the new plant and incorporate environmentally advanced technology to support efficiency and sustainability.
Comment: Guy Bessant, president Stolthaven Terminals, says: ‘We are pleased to partner with Rönesans Holding on this landmark project. Stolthaven Terminals has more than 50 years’ experience in the safe and efficient handling and storage of bulk liquids and gases, and proven expertise in developing complex and large-scale storage projects. This terminal will not only provide storage for the Ceyhan PP Plant, but is also part of the Ceyhan Energy Specialised Industrial zone which, in future, could provide storage and logistics solutions for local and international companies looking for distribution services in the region.’
The transaction completion is expected within the third quarter of 2025, and is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.
Comment: ‘Upon completion of this acquisition, Snam will become the first-ever Italian energy player to make a sizeable entry into the German energy infrastructure space. The acquisition strengthens Snam’s position as Europe’s largest gas infrastructure operator and is fully in line with our strategy which focuses on the development of a pan-European, multi-molecule network located along the key European energy corridors, and in particular its most relevant corridor, running from Southern to Northern Europe,’ comments Stefano Venier, Snam CEO.
Product: Ethane
Capacity: 160,000 m³
Cost: €130 million
Construction: Vopak has reached a positive final investment decision in expanding its global industrial terminal footprint by constructing 160,000 m³ tank infrastructure in Map Ta Phut, Rayong, Thailand, to support the import of US ethane into Thailand. Vopak’s joint venture entity Thai Tank Terminal signed a 15-year contract with PTT Global Chemical, a leading global chemicals company, for the storage and handling of ethane in Thailand.
Under this agreement, Thai Tank Terminal will construct a new 160,000 m³ tank infrastructure backed by a long term contract and is expected to be completed in 2029.
and renewable materials.By establishing a presence at Huelva, Tepsa is not only strengthening its logistical capabilities but is also aligning with the region’s drive to innovate in energy and environmental stewardship. This terminal will help meet the growing demand for cleaner energy solutions while creating economic opportunities in Andalusia.
A future capacity of 65,000 m³ for chemical products and biofuels with tanks ranging from 700m³ – 4,400m³.
The new terminal, which will come into operation in the second quarter of 2027, is a step forward in terms of sustainability, supporting innovation, and creating shared value for the communities.
Product: Hydrogen
Construction: Hydrogenious LOHC’s Project Hector hydrogenation plant has received the official building and operating permit for an LOHC storage plant in accordance with §4 of the German Federal Emmission Control Act.Hy.
LOHC Industrial Solutions NRW GmbH, a subsidiary of Hydrogenious LOHC Technologies based in Neuss, will be responsible for the project management, the construction and subsequent operation of the plant. Commissioning and starting commercial operations are presently scheduled for the end of 2027 with a plant capacity of approximately 1,800 tonnes of hydrogen per year, which will be safely stored in benzyltoluene.
Product: Gas
Capacity: 21 billion m³
Cost: €920 million
Acquisition: Snam is to acquire Abu Dhabi’s Infinity Investments’ 24.99% stake in the share capital of Vier Gas Holding (VGH) – a Luxembourg-based company, which indirectly owns the entire share capital of Open Grid Europe (OGE) – for an equity value of €920 million.
OGE is Germany’s largest independent gas transmission operator, managing
Product: Biofuels & chemical products
Capacity: 65,000 m³
Construction: Tepsa is taking a step towards sustainability with its first-ever storage terminal in Andalusia, designed to handle a wide variety of bulk liquids including chemical products, biofuels,
We're thrilled to announce that our Secondary Anti-Rollover Seal is now officially patented across North America!
Sandborn’s Anti-Rollover Seal is clearly built to tackle one of the biggest challenges in floating roof operations — seal rollover. With its patented, fully engineered, and tested design, it stands out as the only antirollover solution available, providing operators with confidence and reliability. Our emphasis on preventing seal rollover is what makes the Sandborn seal system a true game-changer. Sandborn, solutions you can trust.
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We're thrilled to announce that our adjustable floating roof positioners are now officially patented across North America!
Sandborn’s patented Deck Positioner is our latest innovation designed to improve the operation and efficiency of your floating roof. Fully adjustable and available in both galvanized and stainless steel configurations, each is custom designed to meet existing rim configurations and tank conditions. Have an out of round tank? The Sandborn Deck Positioner is an effective tool in enhancing seal operation and tank performance!
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Sherwin Williams has launched Heat-Flex Advanced Energy Barrier (AEB) which tackles corrosion under insulation (CUI), effectively eliminating the costly and dangerous phenomenon of steel assets corroding underneath insulation systems.
The coating replaces the bulky mineralbased insulation that’s traditionally used on storage tanks, process vessels and piping to retain process heat. By eliminating the threat of corrosion, the coating offers a solution that is less resource intensive than traditional insulating production systems.
Neil Wilds, global product director, CUI/ testing for Sherwin-Williams protective and marine says: ‘To occur in the first place, corrosion under insulation requires the presence of one of its namesakes –the insulation. By removing this ‘I’ from an asset and applying the thermal insulative coating in its place, there is no longer any physical system under which the ‘C’ – the corrosion – could occur.’
Heat-Flex AEB works by building a thick film of insulative coating material onto assets that are required to maintain operating temperatures up to 350°F (177°C), with excursions to 400°F (204°C). This coating retains process heat inside coated assets, allowing them to continue operating even in extreme environments. It effectively rivals the in-service insulative capabilities of traditional insulation systems due to their tendency to absorb and trap moisture that infiltrates their exterior cladding. This moisture not only dramatically reduces the insulating capacity of the insulation, but also contributes to the acceleration of CUI.
Baker Hughes has announced that it has secured an enterprise agreement with Sinochem, a multinational chemical conglomerate, to deploy
Mesa Engineered Tank Products (Mesa ETP), has announced the launch of Armor Fabric, a patent-pending, high-performance engineered vapour barrier fabric designed to revolutionise the durability and reliability of critical floating roof seals in aboveground storage tanks (ASTs).
Armor Fabric represents a breakthrough in protective fabric technology, offering superior resistance to harsh environmental conditions, chemicals, and mechanical stress. This advanced vapour barrier fabric is specifically developed to provide an advanced, longlasting performance in tank sealing applications, ensuring enhanced safety and operational efficiency for AST facilities worldwide.
Adam Vance, general manager of Mesa ETP says: ‘Mesa ETP has always been the industry leader committed to advancing engineered solutions that improve the integrity, longevity, and environmental performance of storage tank systems. Armor Fabric is a testament to our ongoing dedication to developing industryleading products that meet the evolving needs of our customers.’
Key features of Armor Fabric include:
Extreme durability: Engineered for high tensile strength and abrasion resistance
Chemical compatibility: Armor Fabric is compatible with most AST products, and tested competitively against Teflon.
American made: Armor Fabric is made in Cincinnati, OH, removing availability delays, tariffs, and lengthy overseas shipping times.
PFAS-free material: Developed without the use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, making it a safer and more environmentally sustainable option.
its Cordant Asset Health across 10 of its chemical production plants in China. The agreement represents the first advanced enterprise-level digital deployment of Cordant in the region and highlights its continued expansion into chemical and industrial segments.
Through the deployment of Cordant Asset Health, Baker Hughes will enable Sinochem to centralise critical rotating equipment data on its cloud infrastructure, improving visibility and collaboration across its enterprise. The solution will help Sinochem’s central diagnostics teams identify potential failures early, reduce unplanned downtime, and minimise production losses across the 10 plants. With a unified view across facilities, Sinochem will scale best practices and operational learnings to improve asset performance and drive efficiency at an enterprise level.
Emerson has announced the release of the Rosemount 625IR Fixed Gas Detector, designed to provide reliable and fast gas detection in all plant environments using advanced optical absorption detection technology.
End users need fast and reliable detection of hydrocarbon gases without false alarms, so gas detectors must be able to operate reliably in hazardous environments and all weather conditions.
The Rosemount 625IR Fixed Gas Detector meets these needs by using specialised, solid-state dual IR sources and dual IR receivers, which combine to provide continual cross checks and internal adjustments that maintain the factory calibration. Heaters on the optical surfaces and a range of optical protection accessories provide continual detection without unexpected downtime.
The detector is simple to install and maintain because it remains factorycalibrated for life due to its advanced drift monitoring technology and health monitoring diagnostics. A range of accessories are available to make
function testing fast and easy using either test gas or a gas-free test filter, with the latter option greatly reducing maintenance time and cost.
on settlement assessment and a new chapter on stainless and duplex steel tanks. The guidelines for hydrotest exemption for major repairs and the remaining life calculations for bottom pitting have been updated.
Jonathan Feys, chief commercial officer at GTS, speaks to Tank Storage Magazine about how the company is preparing for a sustainable future
and Logistics (GTS) is structured into five different business units in the Port of Ghent, Belgium. These five business units work in a range of areas, including liquid and dry bulk storage, trading of waste streams, warehousing linked to car manufacturing, and a venture capital unit focused on biochemical production.
A fairly young terminal facility, GTS began operations in 2010 and now stores around 1.7 million m³ of liquid bulk products. This is made up of a combination of clean petroleum products, biofuels and mineral fertilisers. As the industry gears up for the energy transition, it is very clear that infrastructure is going to be key. GTS is in a fortunate position, with an owner who is willing to pre-invest into infrastructure, helping accelerate the transition.
‘This sort of investment has enabled us to build a new state-of-the-art jetty, with two sea-going positions and two coaster positions, and 30 product lines entering the terminal. This is an investment of more than €20 million, so we are very much preparing ourselves for the future,’ explains Jonathan Feys, GTS CCO. ‘The jetty is a major milestone for us, and is expected to be operational within the next year. It will certainly bring major positive impact to operations at our terminals in the Port of Ghent.’
Space is usually the next part of the puzzle, with many terminals in Europe having limited storage capacity. But Feys explains that this is not the case for Ghent. ‘There’s a lot of land in the Port of Ghent that’s available to expand onto. But a high priority for us is also finding other locations outside of the Port of Ghent, and even outside of Belgium.’
GTS aims to further support its customers through the energy transition by becoming part of the production process. ‘This means that in addition to supporting the energy transition through storage, we are actively taking part in it by pretreating these products ourselves,’ says Feys. But storage still remains GTS’ main activity.
‘We will continue to keep investing in the storage for new fuels in order to fully
support the energy transition. Whilst it is still early days, the industry is looking towards the storage of ammonia and methanol, and we are also looking towards these projects. We have chosen to be part of the biofuels space, and we expect to pursue these future fuels for at least the next decades to come’.
‘Before
Covid, the energy transition was an idea. During the pandemic, it became a call for action, and after, it became a reality.’
‘We recently have embarked on sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), and store 50,000 m³,’ continues Feys. ‘By the end of 2025, we will have added another 60,000 m³ of storage suitable for SAF. In addition to this, we have also just received the permit to build another 28,000 m³ of storage capacity. This means in the timespan of around 18 months, we will have expanded our capacity for SAF by around 138,000 m³.’
But new energies bring new challenges, and operations to store sustainable fuels can be tough, particularly with stringent and sometimes ambiguous regulations. Feys notes: ‘With the likes of SAF, Joint Inspection Group (JIG) regulations can be challenging. They are not always black and white, which means it not always easy to come up with a with a solution that fits all of the parties’ interpretation.’
In order to ensure its own carbon footprint is kept to a minimum, GTS has installed solar panels on its tank roofs to generate its own power, and has invested in battery storage at one of its terminals. ‘That unit will be fully self-sufficient, running on its own electricity; a 100% green terminal,’ adds Feys. In addition to this, the waste water at the site is being recycled, so it is emitting zero emissions for both electricity and water use.
With clear ambitions and a plan for further growth and expansions, and up-to-date infrastructure, the challenges for GTS lie elsewhere. ‘For us, the main
issue we are facing is the growth of our workforce,’ explains Feys. ‘As a business, we are rapidly growing, and have a lot of ongoing building projects. In the next two years, we want to double the number of co-workers we have.’
Over the last decade, the industry has undergone a number of changes, in particular its proactive attitude towards adopting green energies, and gearing up for the energy transition. ‘Before Covid, the energy transition was an idea. During the pandemic, it became a call for action, and after, it became a reality,’ says Feys. ‘The tank storage industry is one of convention and tradition, and operations have mostly stayed the same for the last 60-80 years. But what we see now is a range of new technologies and products. AI and digitalisation are at the head of what is really a revolution, and in addition to this we have new energies which will need new carriers.’
Looking back to a pre-Covid industry, Feys remarks that he would have not predicted such a change, or for it to be so revolutionary. ‘It is clear we are becoming a very different industry to the past, not only in the products we store, but in how things work operationally. There has been a huge increase in truly independent terminals (those that don’t own or trade any products, but rather are simply asset operators and owners) over the last decades.’
These changes are also being propelled by technological shifts. ‘Many companies are becoming technology owners, too. Once these technological advancements develop, they will become product owners, too. That shift from asset owner to technology owner to product owner is very much happening, and will require a whole new skill-set for new workers coming into the industry,’ says Feys. ‘Within the energy transition and technological advancement, the (r)evolution will result in new challenges and also new opportunities.’
For more information: www.gtsghent.be
Gary Jackson, SHEQ director
WITH A capacity of 1,282,512 m³, across 253 tanks, ranging in size from 80,000 barrels to 15,000, Deer Park is the largest of Vopak’s sites in the US and Canada. The terminal stores a range of products, including biofuels, chemicals, petroleum products, base oils and lubricants. Located in Houston, Texas, USA, the terminal offers a variety of services including nitrogen blanketing, ship purging and blanketing, 24-hour tank car switching, blending, circulation and marine lightering capabilities. The expansive scale of this facility calls for robust safety protocols, ensuring a secure, well-protected and safe environment for all.
‘Our terminal involves and implements many programmes that are designed to protect all employees from incidents and potential process safety accidents as well,’ notes Gary Jackson, safety, health, environment and quality director of the USA and Canada business unit at Vopak North America. ‘It all starts with comprehensive training programmes, from onboarding to continuous learning, skills development and training. At Vopak’s Deer Park terminal, safety is paramount in its operations, and it’s a
safety-first culture that the terminal has adopted.’
With a range of access modes, including pipeline, rail, truck, barge and vessel, safety has to be considered beyond just the tanks. ‘We have specific waterfront safety standards that are designed to ensure the safety of gangways, at the terminal, including inspections and the use of nets and personal flotation devices,’ explains Jackson. ‘Vopak employs many measures to ensure the safety of operations involving these elements of the terminal. We use a combination of engineering controls, administrative measures and worker training to prevent the risks associated with these operations.’
‘We aim to motivate our team by acknowledging and gaining some recognition for their efforts in maintaining a safe work environment.’
When using scaffolding, for example, the team at Vopak Deer Park ensures there is proper design and erection through the use of qualified personnel, with daily inspections, tags, and safety practices (i.e. toeboards and guardrails, weather considerations and fall protection).
Vopak’s safety training programmes allow the terminal to gauge its employees safety and knowledge performance regularly. As well as continuous training, which takes place regularly, Vopak hosts a yearly Global Safety Day, designed to reinforce and celebrate the company’s safety culture.
The day follows a specific safety topic, and allows employees to engage in a more relaxed environment, and generally promotes continuous improvement of safety practices, identify improvement areas and foster collaboration across functional areas of the terminals. ‘It is always a great day,’ comments Jackson. ‘All the terminals across the organisation celebrate Global Safety Day on the same day, which is an excellent way to reinforce and celebrate our safety
performance. This year, our theme is ‘Stay Out The Line Of Fire’ in the workplace. At the terminals, we have a lot of activities which are inherently hazardous, and also require working at heights, or in confined spaces, so this day is really key to reiterate the need for safety every day, company-wide.’
In addition to Global Safety Day, Jackson explains that Vopak employs a ‘Fundamentals on Safety’ standard. This is intended to help terminals establish control measures in order to prevent and reduce the risks associated with the terminal’s highest risk activities. These fundamentals, along with the adherence to all policies, procedures, local regulations, codes and OSHA standards, ensure that Deer Park’s safety learnings are embedded into the terminals routine tasks and decision making, as well as the workplace culture.
Within the terminal industry, working at a height is a huge risk to human safety. So at the end of 2024, Vopak initiated a call to action to reinforce the dangers of working at heights. ‘Through use of our data analytics and risk assessments, we saw that there was huge potential for incidents caused by working at these heights,’ Jackson explains. ‘This initiative was a six-week campaign, and was designed to highlight how to reduce risks when working at height. Throughout the campaign, there was focused attention on this particular activity, where leaders and terminal management were required to complete six specific actions to prevent the next incident as a result of working at heights.’
These actions included things such as increased observation and inspection of working at height activities, engagement with employees and contractors to understand and evaluate their experiences, concerns and improvement suggestions, as well as developing a set of corrective and preventative action plans from the information gathered and lessons learned from the campaign.
To eliminate safety concerns, it is crucial that there is a clear level of communication at the terminal, whether this is with those who are continuously on site, or external contractors. ‘Safety is embedded in the Vopak project management process,’ Jackson says. ‘There is constant dialogue between project managers and contractors with the SHEQ professionals and subject matter experts. Contractors are required to acknowledge understanding of, and adhere to, the Vopak Contractor Safety Manual as a condition of their contract with Vopak. These communications occur in various ways, such as regular safety meetings between the groups, implementation of our Trust & Verify programme that reviews adherence to our safety-critical process policies and procedures, as well as having dedicated safety professionals for each project.’
In March 2025, Vopak Deer Park took home silver at the Global Tank Storage Awards for Excellence in Health & Safety. ‘We entered the Global Tank Storage Awards to demonstrate the terminal’s safety standards,’ says Jackson. ‘The awards provide us an opportunity to
showcase our safety performance in the industry, and acknowledge the hard work that our employees do in order to promote safety.’
‘We are proud of the safety record and performance at Vopak Deer Park Terminal,’ says Jackson. ‘We aim to motivate our team by acknowledging and gaining some recognition for their efforts in maintaining a safe work environment, which allows myself and the Vopak management team an opportunity to benchmark our safety performance within our industry.’
Looking towards the future of health and safety practices at storage terminals, Jackson notes that whilst Vopak has been investigating AI as a potential way to enhance safety, it takes a lot of infrastructure to use it in a manner that would be beneficial. ‘It hasn’t quite gotten to an employable level yet,’ says Jackson. ‘There are also aspects of the industry that you can’t engineer out, and where human factors are key. That said, AI does have a place in safety, where you could identify and analyse data trends, for example. It will however, always ultimately boil down to the human element, and ensuring that those on site make the right decisions.’
For more information: www.vopak.com
Nominations for 2026’s Global Tank Storage Awards open on 26 June. www.tankstorageawards.com
01 Vopak Deer Park (2023)
02 Vopak Deer Park (2019)
03 Gary Jackson, SHEQ director at Vopak
Sam Porter, CEO, NeuVentus, speaks exclusively to Tank Storage Magazine about the company’s salt caverns storing hydrogen and natural gas in Texas
IN 2021, as the US Congress passed the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and began debating Build Back Better (which ultimately became the Inflation Reduction Act), it was clear that, if all of the various policies and incentives for low-carbon hydrogen actually took root, Texas would be ‘in the catbird seat’. With green production, blue production, existing demand, infrastructure and regulatory schemes, a skilled workforce, and a conducive subsurface geology with salt domes, there was nowhere else that Sam Porter, co-founder and CEO of NeuVentus, could imagine being.
‘Originally, it was the hydrogen policies that convinced us to quit jobs, raise capital, obtain the salt real estate and commence the permitting process,’ he explains. ‘While hydrogen policy has remained in limbo over the past 24 months, demand for natural gas and natural gas storage have been resurgent during the same period. Thankfully, we intentionally pursued a permitting strategy that allows us to store not only hydrogen, but also hydrocarbon liquids and natural gas.’
With 12 locations for future salt caverns permitted across an array of different products – natural gas, hydrogen, NGLs, etc. – NeuVentus is in a good position to FID its first two caverns for 20 billion cubic feet (0.57 billion m³) of working gas capacity, and retain optionality on future caverns.
The idea to bring salt caverns to Texas first took hold in 2011, when Porter was working as an M&A attorney in Tokyo, Japan. His experience in the Tohoku Earthquake and the subsequent fallout from Fukushima sparked an interest in the energy sector. The next year, Porter took a job at Corpus Christi Natural Gas (CCNG), where he met NeuVentus’ CFO (and fellow co-founder), Diego Rubio.
‘CCNG was working on a number of projects, but the most exciting one to me was a greenfield natural gas storage salt cavern development outside of Corpus Christi in support of the burgeoning LNG export industry,’ Porter explains. ‘While that particular project didn’t proceed to FID, I learned enough about salt cavern development to like it.’
After interludes at SunPower and Norton Rose Fulbright, project financing renewables projects, when the hydrogen policy started to take shape, Porter was convinced that salt caverns were the only proven method of storing hydrogen at scale. ‘I sensed an opportunity,’ he says. ‘Diego and I rejoined forces in late 2021, and we met David [Branch – a fellow co-founder and NeuVentus COO] in 2022, who became a great fit given his extensive salt cavern and pipeline experience and engineering expertise.’
For a greenfield salt cavern storage project like this, the very first section of storage space is quite expensive. In order to create the salt cavern within the salt dome, the solution mining equipment needs to be installed first. This is comprised of raw water intake, power substation, water movement equipment, and brine disposal.
‘However, once that solution mining equipment is installed, and the capital expenditure justified, then the incremental marginal cost of creating additional storage space gets cheaper and cheaper the more you create,’ explains Porter. ‘Assuming you can create enough scale at a single facility, the ultimate $/unit cost is very low, much lower than surface tanks.’
In addition, the salt caverns are encased within the impermeable salt dome, which has self-healing plasticity properties and the immense storage facility is almost entirely underground – shielded from interaction.
NeuVentus’s first salt cavern storage development – named Texas Reliability Underground (TRU) Hub – has all its long-lead permits in hand, and the real estate site control contracts have been executed. ‘We are in the later stages of our pre-FEED design,’ says Porter. ‘We’ll be doing final FEED and construction contract negotiations in parallel and iteratively alongside our commercialisation process. We will be running a non-binding open season imminently, and we expect to work as quickly as possible on finalising customer contracts, construction contracts and FEED throughout the rest of the Summer and Autumn to take FID hopefully later in 2025.’
The location lends itself well to hydrogen salt storage. ‘We were already familiar with the Moss Bluff salt dome (with [Rubio] having previously run a company that had salt cavern operations elsewhere on the dome), so we knew that there was relatively easy access to fresh water, brine disposal, power, and pipeline interconnectivity,’ explains Porter. ‘And we also already knew that the salt geology itself was solid, given that Enbridge has natural gas caverns and Linde has a hydrogen cavern on the same salt dome. Simply put, it checked all of the development boxes.’
But Porter warns that project development is not for the faint of heart. ‘Our small team has a solid combination of vision, flexibility, resolve and competence. We are very fortunate to have an excellent capital partner in Lotus,’ he says.
Despite being initially envisioned for hydrogen storage, TRU Hub’s first phase of two caverns is almost certainly going to be natural gas. But Porter is optimistic for the future fuels potential. ‘Depending upon where the Trump Administration
and the current House and Senate budget reconciliation processes land regarding the Hydrogen Hubs programme (in particular the HyVelocity Hub), the 45V hydrogen production tax credit and the 48E hydrogen storage investment tax credit, the next FID could certainly be a hydrogen cavern,’ he says. ‘The trade war is causing a lot of uncertainty regarding the natural gas liquids (NGLs) markets right now, given that China has historically imported large quantities of propane and ethane. However, other countries like India could pick up that slack.’
TRU Hub is just 12 miles east of Mont Belvieu, which is the major NGL storage and fractionation hub, and which has become quite congested, over the years. Porter believes that over time TRU Hub will store many different products.
‘Because our initial focus was on lowcarbon hydrogen, we intentionally sought out the best developable salt position in close proximity to where we believed the low-carbon hydrogen ecosystem would take root, i.e. near the Houston Ship Channel,’ he adds. ‘However, many of the same developmental attributes that are favourable for hydrogen storage are equally applicable to natural gas and natural gas liquids storage development.’
‘Our location is key,’ says Porter. ‘We are near the key LNG exporters along the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast. We are near the industrial load centres in Houston, Baytown, Beaumont and Port Arthur. We are near the ERCOT/MISO line, so we can serve two distinct power grids. And our pipeline interconnectivity includes some of the most vital intrastate and interstate large-diameter transmission pipeline arteries.’
The terminal’s location between the Permian, Eagle Ford and Haynesville supply basins and the large natural gas demand centres will allow NeuVentus to create a blended commercial customer portfolio that includes LNG exporters’ preference for short-notice high flowrate injection (for instance, when their liquefaction trains trip offline and they need to quickly either store or sell large quantities of feedstock gas), power generators’ preference for short-notice high flowrate withdrawal (for instance, when Texas’s strong renewables are not generating and all battery capacity has been discharged, or during multi-day weather events) and commodity traders’ blended intrinsic and extrinsic value capture opportunities. ‘We actually envision that some European LNG
offtakers will be interested in taking commercial positions in the upstream gas supply chain above the liquefaction, to ensure security of supply; we would welcome them,’ Porter says.
TRU Hub is like no other energy infrastructure project in the country. Porter is convinced that TRU Hub’s sheer volume of storage capacity could singlehandedly boost reliability of supply for US LNG exports and, at the same time, help ensure that Texas has enough natural gas at all times to supply the exponential demand for more baseload power generation that’s just around the corner.
‘In addition, given TRU Hub’s proximity to HyVelocity and Baytown, and given that salt caverns are the only proven method of storing hydrogen at scale, we believe the TRU Hub has the most viable pathway to becoming the ‘Henry Hub’ of hydrogen.’
For more information:
IMTT’s VP for environment, health, safety and security, Traci Johnson, shares her journey from chemical engineering into terminals and leadership
TRACI JOHNSON began her terminals career with IMTT as an assistant during her undergraduate degree in chemical engineering. ‘It was the Christmas break of my freshman year, and my dad asked me what I was planning on doing that summer,’ recalls Johnson. ‘Of course, I had no idea.’ Luckily, her father reminded her of an aunt that worked in the HR department at IMTT. Johnson reached out, and was brought on as an assistant – to an assistant – in the department that handled engineering and environmental compliance. ‘I started as a runt in the office and worked my way up.’
Being a mechanical engineer, Johnson’s father had worked in plants and refineries for a long time. ‘He always said that the top plant manager was a chemical engineer – so both my sister and I pursued chemical engineering at college,’ says Johnson. ‘Oddly enough, we both ended up getting advanced degrees in environmental engineering; and we both work as environmental engineers today.’
With a career spanning over 20 years, Johnson’s journey in the terminals industry has seen its fair share of challenges –regardless of her gender. ‘A significant event in our area was of course hurricane Katrina in 2005; I actually left the terminals business for a couple of years after this,’
recalls Johnson. In the wake of Katrina’s destruction, IMTT had to temporarily relocate its headquarters in New Orleans, though the actual terminal facilities came out largely unscathed. ‘Many of our friends, family, and colleagues had their homes destroyed – it was a tough time.’
Johnson returned to IMTT in 2008 and is now part of the executive team as vice president for environment, health, safety and security. ‘I’m responsible for making sure that we provide a safe working environment for our employees and we’re good environmental stewards.’ Johnson is one of two women on the IMTT executive team, and is hopeful that the terminal industry will see even more gender parity over the next decade or so. ‘As of right now, it’s pretty rare in our industry to have an executive team of seven people and have two of them be women,’ she says.
In between her work in the terminals industry, Johnson worked in consulting for a few years, but IMTT and the storage industry kept calling her back. ‘What I love about this industry is that you get to work on a project from start to finish, and you get to be involved all the way up until the thing is built or commissioned,’
she explains. ‘You get to see it evolve and change. And you don’t always get that in consulting – typically, once you’re done with your section of the project, you just move on to the next client.’
But she recognises that consultancy can still be a great career path for new graduates in engineering. ‘There are three main paths you can take: consultancy, government work, or the private sector,’ Johnson says. ‘Each one has its merits, but for me, the terminals industry is just so exciting – especially as we move into this new phase of cleaner fuels and more product diversification.’
She continues: ‘If you like people and you like travel, the terminals industry is the place to be. We’ve got facilities in some of the best locations, like New York Harbour, San Francisco Bay, New Orleans, Chicago, etc. And if you need a change of scenery? Sometimes there’s nothing like leaving the office and getting out there to climb a tank.’
In particular, Johnson enjoys being able to work on new projects at IMTT. ‘We have the day-to-day compliance activities, but what I love about my job is that there’s always a handful of exciting new opportunities to work on,’ she says. ‘I still get to flex my math and science skills, and I get to work with potential new customers on exciting projects.’
As an independent liquid storage terminal, IMTT is beholden to its customers and what they plan to store.
‘If the world is demanding cleaner fuels, then that’s the service we’ll provide,’ Johnson explains. ‘While a change in government can always add a layer of uncertainty to these projects, these are long-term projects and they tend to outlast any one administration. We’re waiting for our customers to tell us how they plan to continue growing in these green areas.’ There’s also always changes in the regulations, which keeps Johnson’s day-to-day varied by coming up with new ways to meet evolving frameworks.
Around 10 years ago, Johnson was involved with trying to solve a mysterious corrosion issue at IMTT. ‘I reached out to a metallurgist based in Colorado,’ Johnson explains. ‘She actually went to the same engineering school as my sister.’ When the metallurgist came onsite, the women were also joined by two other young female engineers. ‘It wasn’t necessarily planned this way, but it just so happened that all four of us needed to go to see this tank,’ she explains. ‘The metallurgist turns to me and says ‘Can I take a picture of this?’ – she had never seen so many female engineers on site at once before!’
That story was about a decade ago, and Johnson is pleased to see how far times have moved on. ‘In my early career, there was a lot more resistance from external consultants or contractors who came to site, for sure,’ she explains. ‘My internal IMTT colleagues have always been supportive, but there were plenty of times a visitor assumed I was just there to take notes and make coffee.’ Johnson’s
advises caution when dealing with this kind of dismissal. ‘Be polite, but firm. My approach has been to make it clear that I’m in a leadership position, but not embarradd them,’ she says.
Johnson feels her gender hasn’t presented as big a challenge as perhaps in other companies or regions. ‘I’ve hit plenty of stumbling blocks in my career, but there’s usually someone around you that you can ask for advice,’ she says. ‘You just have to make sure you learn from those opportunities – it’s okay to fail if you take something away from the experience.’ To illustrate the point, she shares a story from her consulting days. ‘We were presenting to two different clients on the same day, and I was a young, new graduate at the time,’ Johnson says. ‘I brought the wrong materials to the first presentation –literally the wrong PowerPoint. Let’s just say it was a very good lesson about being prepared for meetings.’
With empathetic colleagues and mentoring in place, Johnson has always felt well-supported at IMTT. ‘There was no official support-for-women scheme, but I had mentors throughout my career – and have now been able to return the favour by supporting others.’ Even beyond her official work at IMTT, Johnson has helped support and inspire budding female engineers by sharing her work and her story. ‘I have a young neighbour who had a rough freshman year and
was considering switching majors, so I brought her to the office to meet a handful of engineers,’ explains Johnson. ‘And we all told her the same story – that getting a degree in engineering is supposed to be hard, and the work you do in class isn’t necessarily what you take into the world – it’s the problem-solving skills. Instead of changing majors, she’s now looking at grad schools. I’m glad I could help her see a future pathway.’
Johnson believes that one way to support women in the workplace is by empowering men so they can better support the women in their lives. ‘One example is that we now offer paternity leave,’ she explains. ‘It’s been my experience that mothers are the ones that typically play the role of primary caregiver and often need to take leave for their kids, so we’ve been able to offer that same opportunity to fathers – meaning that women are better supported to come back to work, or continue working more easily.’ It was a well-received policy, and has been complemented by other policies, such as remote working and flexitime. And the proof is in the pudding. ‘We had a rash of new fathers recently, and they were able to support their partners much more easily,’ says Johnson. Equally, she has seen the benefits within her own team, too. ‘I have a young woman and a young father on my team, and I know that if either left, they would leave big holes at IMTT,’ explains Johnson. ‘They play critical roles here and we’re able to be flexible for them.’
‘An old boss that told me once that your legacy at IMTT will be the people that you leave behind,’ she says. ‘So I try to be a strong supporter of all the people that report to me. Whenever I hear that someone finished a college degree or got an advanced certification – those are the moments I cherish.’
For more information:
Traci Johnson will being joining the Women in Industry Leadership panel at ILTA 2025 on 9-11 June in Houston, Texas.
Visit www.ilta2025.ilta.org to register and find out more.
01 Traci Johnson, VP for environment, health, safety and security at IMTT
03 Johnson and some colleagues at a local golf tournament in the New Orleans area
02 (L-R) Angelique Lasseigne, Traci Johnson, Alice Tregre, and Melanie Landry (circa 2015)
what role the terminals industry has to play
IN LATE March, the EU announced a White Paper on Defence, as part of the ReArmEU discussions to increase EU defence readiness for worst case scenarios. In an era of rapid geopolitical shifts, the European Union is stepping up to protect its citizens and strengthen its defence capabilities.
Preparedness is key – taking responsibility for our own security means investing in robust defence, safeguarding our people, and ensuring we have the resources to act when needed.
The White Paper sets out the initial views on this topic. It outlines the urgent need for Europe to strengthen its defence capabilities due to an increasingly hostile geopolitical environment. The White Paper for European Defence –Readiness 2030 sets out a vision to rearm Europe by:
• Ensuring the European defence industry can produce at the requested speed and volume
• Facilitating rapid deployment of military troops and assets across the EU
The White Paper outlines three key areas of action:
• Closing capability gaps and supporting the European defence industry, including simplifying regulations and streamlining industrial programmes
• Deepening the single defence market and accelerating the transformation of defence through disruptive innovations such as AI and quantum technology
• Enhancing European readiness for worst-case scenarios, by improving military mobility, stockpiling, and fostering operational cooperation across the EU
According to the Commission, who have taken FETSA’s views on board, key to this effort is the development of strategic enablers, including military transport, military fuel infrastructure, and fuel stockpiles.
The EU plans to establish a network of military mobility corridors integrating land, air, and sea transport to ensure fast and efficient movement of troops and equipment. This includes fuel terminals.
Bureaucratic obstacles, such as diplomatic clearances and customs regulations, need to be streamlined to avoid delays in transporting military fuel and supplies.
500+ infrastructure upgrade projects are planned to strengthen key transport routes, including reinforcing bridges, expanding port terminals, and widening railway tunnels for heavy military logistics.
Military access to dual-use infrastructure (civilian-military) will be prioritised to facilitate fuel and supply logistics.
The EU recognises that secure and resilient fuel supply chains are crucial for sustained military operations. There is a push to expand and modernise strategic enablers, including military fuel infrastructure, such as fuel depots, pipelines, and storage facilities to support high-readiness forces.
Stockpiling of strategic resources is a priority, with stockpiles being part of the EU revised energy security framework but also it is foreseen as a discussion issue in the defence context.
The EU will identify potential supply bottlenecks and will work with NATO and industry partners to mitigate risks related to fuel shortages. This was one of FETSA’s critical points for discussion in the HCSS NATO Future Fuels seminar and it has been adopted as an EU position.
The White Paper suggests a ‘Defence Omnibus’ regulatory package to streamline logistics, procurement, and incentivise infrastructure investments by cutting red tape and improving industry coordination. EU funding and incentives will be allocated to ensure the availability of funding for relevant upgrades to infrastructure.
The whitepaper and potential changes across the EU will have a number of impacts on terminals, and especially FETSA members and their terminals.
The EU aims to build larger, more resilient stockpiles to support sustained military operations across transport corridors, leading to an increased demand for military fuel storage.
This increased need for storage may lead to more investment for infrastructure as ports, rail terminals, and storage facilities will need to handle military logistics more effectively. Facilities may be considered for upgrades using EU defence funds.
The Defence Omnibus proposal will also simplify fuel procurement, transport, and storage rules, benefiting industry players. The EU is seeking public-private partnerships including with FETSA to enhance fuel security, develop alternative fuels, and expand strategic stockpiles.
For FETSA members, this presents significant opportunities for investment, infrastructure development, and collaboration with defence and security agencies across Europe. FETSA has been leading this effort with a first-of-a-kind storage industry and defence meeting on 24 April in the Hague, which attracted many high level government, military and storage industry participants.
It is rare to see a policy document where our views have been taken into account in such a focused manner and it shows FETSA has developed a key influence in this strategic area.
For more information: www.fetsa.eu
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Jay Cruz, senior director of government affairs and communications director of communications & policy at the ILTA examines the policy outlook for the terminals industry under the Trump administration
AS PRESIDENT Donald Trump and the 119th Congress have settled into office, the legislative landscape for the next two years has taken shape. The current administration is favouring pro-energy policies, and both the International Liquid Terminals Association (ILTA) and the terminals industry stand ready to support the nation’s increasing liquid energy needs. Founded in 1974, ILTA represents over 70 bulk liquid terminal companies that provide critical infrastructure, storage, and transportation logistics for 1.2 billion barrels of liquid products annually across 2,000 facilities and in all 50 states. ILTA members form a crucial link in supply chain logistics for a wide range of liquid commodities central to the American economy, including crude oil, gasoline, diesel, industrial chemicals, jet fuel, biofuels like ethanol, asphalt, fertilisers, and food products like olive oil and molasses. ILTA advocates on behalf of the liquid terminal industry in Congress and at federal agencies.
Liquid terminals and aboveground storage tank facilities (tank farms) are a vital component of the USA’s supply chain, providing services that spur trade within the United States and connect the US economy with overseas markets. Importers, exporters, and producers of liquid commodities need terminals to connect them to their customers.
Terminal operators likewise provide the essential logistics needed to transfer bulk liquids between transportation modes, whether from terminal to truck,
ship, barge, pipeline, or rail, and vice versa. For example, refined petroleum products such as gasoline are transported in bulk by pipeline to a distribution terminal, where they are stored, loaded into tank trucks at the terminal’s loading rack, and ultimately delivered to retail gasoline stations to supply consumers.
President Donald Trump clearly stated the importance of energy to America’s prosperity through several executive orders, including Executive Order 14154 (Unleashing American Energy) and Executive Order 14156 (Declaring a National Energy Emergency). Liquid terminals in the United States are exactly the type of infrastructure that will help deliver American energy (and other critical materials) to the marketplace and support the goal articulated in EO 14154 of restoring American prosperity.
Below are some of the key policy areas the bulk liquid storage sector will be watching over the coming months.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, also known as PFAS, are key ingredients in liquid terminal firefighting foams, specifically aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF). ILTA member facilities, long required by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards, must store and use AFFF to address any potential fire event that could jeopardise the health and safety of workers, the surrounding community, and the
environment. Moreover, terminals are designed with extensive fire suppression systems specifically designed for AFFF and often test these systems to ensure emergency preparedness.
However, AFFF contains two PFAS chemicals, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently designated as hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Under CERCLA, EPA can now identify Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs) and hold them accountable for the release of PFAS by either requiring them to conduct cleanup efforts of their sites or recoup any expenses incurred by the government during the cleanup process.
The CERCLA designation of PFOA and PFOS places the risk of legal and financial liability on ‘passive receivers’ of PFAS, such as bulk liquid terminals, who were acting in accordance with legally required safety standards.
Actions requested by the ILTA:
Exempt bulk liquid terminals from CERCLA liability for any presence of PFAS on terminal property due to the use of AFFF for testing, training, and fire prevention purposes.
Designate bulk liquid terminals as ‘passive receivers’ of PFAS to protect them from CERCLA liability due to the use of AFFF for testing, training, and fire prevention purposes.
Support senator Cynthia Lummis’ (R-WY) 118th Congress bill, ‘Water System PFAS Liability Protection Act,’ and any similar future legislation once introduced in the 119th Congress that supports the exemption of specified water management entities from liability under CERCLA if the entity transports, treats, and disposes of PFAS.
Accelerate the development and deployment of fluorine-free foam (F3) alternatives, utilising the purchasing power of the federal government, to ensure non-governmental entities have access to competitively priced and accessible F3 alternatives.
Support bulk liquid terminals and other critical entities in the industrial, commercial, and energy supply chains through the AFFF transition.
In May 2024, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalised amendments to its rule titled ‘National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Gasoline Distribution Facilities and New Source Performance Standards for Bulk Gasoline Terminals.’
In its finalised amendments, EPA revised the requirements for storage vessels, loading operations, and equipment to reflect cost-effective developments in practices, processes, or controls, as well as to reflect the best system of emission reduction for loading operations and equipment leaks. However, EPA’s final rule also introduced additional requirements that were not included in the proposed rule. These additions include the requirement to use gasoline load rate and ratio as a monitored parameter, along with alternative monitoring provisions for continuous emission monitoring systems.
As a result, bulk liquid terminals and other affected entities were denied the required opportunity to publicly comment on these new provisions, despite their significant operational and financial implications.
Actions requested by the ITLA:
Ensure EPA convenes a proceeding to reconsider its final Gasoline Distribution Rule and afford the public their statutorily guaranteed right to comment on it.
Address the concerns outlined in ILTA’s petition on both the proposed Gasoline Distribution Rule and the additional provisions included in the final rule. These comments regard the adequacy of EPA’s economic analysis for several provisions of the rule based on the potential impact of incorrect assumptions. Additionally, they touch on the final rule’s significant costs and the infeasibility to implement the rule as adopted.
In 2024, senator Joe Manchin III, chairman of the Senate Energy & Natural Resources Committee at the time, introduced and led an effort to implement significant federal permitting reform under the Energy Permitting Reform Act of 2024. The bill proposed numerous reforms pertinent to liquid terminals, including reforming the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), differentiating between large significant projects and lesser regionally significant projects, limiting litigation for select significant projects, creating a national list of differing types of energy infrastructure projects, and adjusting the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), among other objectives.
Moreover, in his Executive Order, Unleashing American Energy, president Trump called for efforts at the federal agency level to help eliminate delays and streamline the efficiency of the permitting process. The permitting process greatly impacts the ILTA and its membership, especially as they undertake new projects or investments to increase capacity or replace infrastructure.
Actions requested by the ITLA: Work with Congress to introduce, advance, and pass permitting reform to promote the timely deployment of new industrial, commercial, and energy infrastructure.
Support federal agencies in taking action to eliminate delays and improve the efficiency of the permitting process.
The Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) US Coast Guard is responsible for ensuring the safety and security of ships and port facilities under multiple authoriSing laws. As the primary federal response agency for chemical releases into US waters, the Coast Guard also oversees the safety and security of facilities engaged in maritime transportation, including bulk liquid terminals.
On 17 January, the Coast Guard published an awaited final rulemaking into the Federal Register, ‘Cybersecurity in the Maritime Transportation System,’ which seeks to address current and emerging cybersecurity threats in the marine transportation system (MTS).
This final rule will help protect bulk liquid terminals and other entities in the MTS by detecting risks and responding to and recovering from cybersecurity incidents. However, president Trump’s Presidential Memorandum, ‘Regulatory Freeze Pending Review,’ potentially extends compliance deadlines for rules
that have not yet taken effect by 60 days. This pause opens the rulemaking to additional public comment on issues of fact, law, and policy, and could lead to a reconsideration of pending petitions related to the rule.
Actions requested by the ITLA: Ensure the timely closure of the compliance period and unfreeze the final rulemaking, ‘Cybersecurity in the Maritime Transportation System,’ by working with Coast Guard authorities and secretary Kristi Noem, the newly appointed secretary of the DHS.
Engage with ILTA to continue improving the relationships of the terminal industry and other MTS entities with the Coast Guard and the DHS.
The Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) programme, established in 2007 by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), sets security requirements to prevent terrorist threats against high-risk chemical facilities, including bulk liquid terminals. Administered by the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the programme required facilities to report chemicals of interest (COI) through an online survey called Top-Screen and develop security vulnerability assessments and site security plans. However, in 2023, Congress was unable to reauthorise the CFATS programme, stripping DHS of its authority to enforce security standards. This lapse has led to regulatory uncertainty, potentially jeopardising the safety of bulk liquid terminals and more than thousands of high-risk facilities that are critical to national infrastructure and local communities, including key economic sectors such as energy, utilities, and agriculture.
Actions requested by the ITLA:
Coordinate with Congress to promptly reauthorise CFATS at the earliest opportunity. Work with new champions in Congress to enact a long-term, multiyear reauthorisation of CFATS to provide necessary certainty to the bulk liquid terminal and other high-risk chemical industries.
For more information: www.ilta.org
Visit www.itla2025.ilta.org to register for the ILTA’s conference & exhibition on 9-11 June in Houston, Texas, and be sure to say hello to the Tank Storage Magazine team at booth 909.
Tim Doggett, CEO of the Chemical Business Association, explores how Brexit and other challenges have disrupted the chemical supply chain, and what needs to be done to restore trade between the UK and the EU
THE CHEMICAL supply chain is one of the most critically important global industries. Not only does it play a role in the manufacture and distribution of most of the world’s products, but innovation within the industry has led to the development of new materials, medicines, products and processes that continue to deliver enormous benefits across almost every other sector.
Indeed, the chemical industry permeates every aspect of life as we know it. It plays a fundamental role in virtually all industries, including the bulk liquid storage industry, and both directly and indirectly impacts billions of people. Without the ongoing efforts of the chemical supply chain, modern life would grind to a halt.
Essentially, when the chemical supply chain faces disruption, the impact is widespread, preventing the production and supply of the goods that everyone depends upon.
In recent years, the chemical supply chain has faced unprecedented challenges and disruptions. Beyond grappling with a global pandemic, the industry has contended with
multiple supply chain interruptions, soaring and volatile freight costs, raw material shortages, rapidly rising energy expenses, and the closure of manufacturing plants.
The Russia-Ukraine war has not only disrupted important supplies and supply routes, but many Ukrainian HGV drivers – who made up as much as 40% of the workforce of some Eastern European HGV fleets – have stepped away from logistics to enlist in the armed forces. This had a significant impact on chemical logistics and distribution.
UK, European and global trade routes have also been affected by the attacks on shipping in the Red Sea. Transport through the Suez Canal is a major ongoing risk that has led to the rerouting of vessels, meaning deliveries take longer, and container rates fluctuated and rose substantially through 2024, albeit not to the peaks seen during the pandemic.
The recent announcement of new tariffs by US president Donald Trump
The UK-EU chemical trade is at a crossroads.
has added fresh disruption to already strained global supply chains.
Targeting key sectors, including chemicals, these tariffs are expected to increase costs on both sides of the Atlantic and create further uncertainty for manufacturers.
For the chemical industry – which relies heavily on complex, cross-border supply routes for raw materials and intermediate goods – the introduction of additional trade barriers threatens to delay shipments, raise production costs, and reduce competitiveness.
After the UK joined the Single Market in 1993, supply chains developed and evolved to become highly integrated and efficient, allowing the swift and economical movement of goods, services and people throughout the EU.
The lack of barriers enabled reliable ‘just in time’ deliveries, permitting businesses to maintain lower stock and inventory levels, helping cash flow and ensuring uninterrupted and optimised operations. Before Brexit, the EU was the UK’s largest chemical trading partner, accounting for 60% of exports and 70% of imports. However, leaving the EU
has had a significant, wide ranging and negative impact on chemical businesses on both sides of the border.
‘Unbound: UK Trade Post Brexit’, a report on the impact of the 2021 UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement, revealed that three years after Brexit, there had been a 27% drop in UK exports to, and a 32% reduction in imports from the EU, as well as a 33% decrease in the variety of products exported from the UK.
In particular, the introduction of UK REACH has disrupted long-standing supply chains. Whether importing or exporting, adopting the formalities and administrational requirements that this created compelled companies to introduce new systems, processes and approaches to business and trade with the EU. These changes have involved considerable time and resources, incurred additional costs and led to unavoidable delays. In some instances, companies set up entities in the EU while, in extreme cases, others simply discontinued certain trade lanes or moved their entire operations to the continent.
Another ongoing challenge following Brexit has been the widening gap between UK and EU laws and regulations, with multiple regulations causing significant problems, complications and confusion.
When it was first introduced, 25 UK industry bodies – including the CBA –jointly urged the government to rethink the implementation of UK REACH. Government was cautioned that replicating EU REACH registrations would impose duplicate costs on UK businesses, threatening future investment, driving manufacturing overseas, and limiting access to vital chemicals.
Since then, there have been a few notable breakthroughs in adopting a more pragmatic and proportionate approach – the first was in December 2021, when the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) stated it would explore alternative arrangements for UK REACH registrations. At the same time, they advised their intention to consult separately on extending the deadlines and which subsequent consultation by DEFRA concluded on 1 September
In particular, the introduction of UK REACH has disrupted long-standing supply chains.
2022. The outcome was that timelines have been extended to October 2026, October 2028, and October 2030.
Then, in November 2023, DEFRA released a statement outlining the policy direction of the Alternative Transitional Registration model (ATRm) for UK REACH. It highlighted the importance of ‘adopting a more targeted approach’ and not implementing ‘a complete replica of all the registration of all chemical substances held under EU REACH,’ which is precisely what the CBA has consistently impressed upon government. A consultation on the ATRm for UK REACH was launched in May 2024, with the consultation period closing on 25 July that year.
DEFRA also conducted a consultation on changes to the administrative fees for UK REACH registrations in September 2024 with the aim to adjust the fee structure to better reflect the costs incurred by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in managing UK REACH. As a result, UK REACH fees changed from the April this year, with a flat fee for a UK REACH registration that is representative of the cost to HSE of administrating the registration. While progress continues to be made, 2025 is pivotal, with the future of UK REACH hinging on the UK resetting its relationship with the EU.
In light of growing global pressures and recent shifts in geopolitics, there is renewed potential for the UK and EU to work more closely together –aligning regulatory frameworks and reducing friction – to strengthen regional supply chain resilience and safeguard competitiveness.
While there are many areas that need to be addressed to reduce barriers to trade, finalising UK REACH is critical for both the UK and EU. The challenges created by UK REACH don’t simply impact the chemical supply chain and the wider chemical industry, but the entire economy and the UK’s global competitiveness. As such, collaboration between industry stakeholders is essential to effectively address the current challenges and bring stability to the supply chain.
In fact, fostering deeper collaboration on matters such as UK REACH could serve as a cornerstone for a broader UK-EU reset. Such cooperation would signal a shared commitment to economic resilience and sustainable growth, benefitting consumers, businesses, and governments on both sides.
Amid ongoing conflicts, disruptions and issues related to UK REACH, there remains a great deal of work to do. Luckily, many chemical supply chain stakeholders, including those in the bulk liquid storage industry, are taking responsibility for finding solutions and driving initiatives that help address, improve, and resolve industry challenges. While they continue to make great strides, the CBA continues to lead and facilitate collaboration, using challenges – old and new – as catalysts for positive change, and to build and maintain momentum in the efforts to remove barriers to trade for industry.
The association has been working tirelessly to make government aware of the impact of UK REACH, not only on the chemical supply chain and the wider chemical sector, but also on downstream users who were previously not in the scope of the regulation. It has persistently lobbied government on UK REACH’s operability and practicality, also the impact of duplicate testing and costs. With some success achieved through the extension of deadlines and an agreement to consult on an alternative model, it continues to work with stakeholders towards a workable solution.
It has also been providing expert advice and input to various working groups, while supporting members with online consultations and a one-to-one advice service through its Helpdesk. Additionally, it has hosted several oversubscribed UK REACH Online Clinics –open to members and nonmembers alike – highlighting the importance of the issue for the industry.
As a proactive association, the CBA will continue to lobby and work closely with government and stakeholders on both sides of the border to ensure that practical, sustainable solutions for resetting relationships and restoring trade between the UK and EU are prioritised.
For more information: www.chemical.org.uk www.aston.ac.uk/research/bss/ research-centres/business-prosperity/ unbound
www.committees.parliament.uk/ writtenevidence/21597/pdf/
THE GLOBAL energy landscape is undergoing a significant transformation as nations grapple with the dual imperatives of meeting rising energy demands and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, global total final energy consumption (TFEC) has increased from 268 EJ (exajoule) in 2000 to just under 380 EJ in 2019, equivalent to a compound annual growth rate over the period of 1.9% per annum. Despite being significantly impacted in the early stages of the global pandemic and falling 4.7% year on year (YoY) in 2020, TFEC quickly rebounded to pre-pandemic levels in 2021. Fossil fuels play a predominant role in the energy mix, followed by electricity and biofuels.
Fossil fuels currently account for 232 EJ, or approximately 61% of global energy demand. Of this, oil and oil products represent the largest share at 133 EJ, followed by natural gas at 64 EJ, and coal at 36 EJ. At present, hydrogen does not contribute meaningfully to the global energy mix. But by 2050, hydrogen and its derivatives are expected to play a significant role in global energy systems, particularly in scenarios aligned with net zero and 1.5°C climate targets. Major agencies, such as the IEA and IRENA, include hydrogen as a key component of their long-term energy outlooks. While there is some variation, most forecasts
estimate that hydrogen could account for 10-14% of TFEC by mid-century, equivalent to roughly 30-45 EJ in 2050.
The industry sector is the largest consumer of final energy, accounting for 127 EJ in 2021 – about one-third of global TFEC. The transport sector follows, with total energy use of 113 EJ, representing around 22% of the total. Within this sector, road transport dominates with 86.9 EJ, while aviation and maritime sectors consumed 4.6 EJ and 8.5 EJ, respectively. Nearly 70% of global TFEC is concentrated in three key regions, Northeast Asia (29%), Europe and the Former Soviet Union (21%) and North America (19%).
Lloyd’s Register’s (LR) base and high case scenarios present two very different developmental pathways. Demand for low-carbon fuels is accelerating across sectors such as industry, residential, and transport, driven by stricter regulations, net zero targets, and growing stakeholder expectations. This broader energy transition is also reflected in the maritime sector, where the need for scalable, clean fuel solutions is becoming increasingly urgent to meet decarbonisation goals. The key drivers behind this shift toward clean fuels fall into three main categories:
• Regulations: Regulations play a crucial role in driving the demand for clean fuels by setting strict environmental compliance standards and fostering a market environment that favours sustainable practices.
• Carbon taxes: Implementing carbon taxes on marine fuels can increase the cost of traditional fossil fuels, making low-carbon alternatives more competitive. The higher the carbon tax, the greater the incentive to switch. The EU ETS and FuelEU Maritime initiatives both aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the maritime sector by imposing stricter carbon pricing and fuel standards. Additionally, the IMO is working on a global carbon tax framework in MEPC 83, which will further drive the adoption of lowcarbon fuels for compliance.
• Corporate targets: Corporate targets influence the demand for low-carbon fuels by aligning business strategies with sustainability goals, enhancing competitiveness, and responding to stakeholder expectations. Companies adopting clean fuels can improve their ESG ratings, demonstrating a commitment to sustainability and responsible business practices.
The largest bunkering port in the world is in Singapore. According to official statistics published by the Maritime Port Authority of Singapore, they sold 49.8 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) of bunkers in 2020, or 19% of the global total. The next largest bunkering port was the Port of Rotterdam (Netherlands), which sold 9.2 mtpa of bunkers in 2020, equivalent to just 4% of the global total. Moving forwards, the overall composition of marine bunker suppliers on a regional basis is unlikely to change dramatically. The introduction of alternative, low- and zero-carbon marine fuels has the potential to disrupt the market. However, with a few notable exceptions, most major alternative fuel bunkering projects are focused on existing bunkering ports.
In LR’s base case scenario, the overall goals of the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C target are not met and the world remains
heavily reliant on fossil fuels. Although the relative share of oil products in the global marine bunker fuel mix gradually falls, they continue to dominate the market across the forecast horizon. Their share of global marine bunker fuel demand is projected to fall to around 86% by 2035 and 55% by 2050. The next largest market share is for natural gas, which accounts for 14.7% of global marine bunker fuel demand. Clean ammonia is in third place, with a 14.6% market share. Other forms of hydrogenderived fuels account for a further 7.4%. The balance of 8.4% are biofuels.
This scenario is aligned with The Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C target. As a result, clean ammonia and other clean hydrogenderived marine bunker fuels feature prominently. Clean ammonia accounts for 36% of all marine bunker fuel demand by 2050 and other clean hydrogen derived fuels are responsible for a further 19%. Totaling just under 20% in 2050, biofuels also account for a significant proportion of overall demand. Whilst natural gas is still a significant component of the fuel mix in 2050 at around 16%, oil products are forecast to only account for 9.4%.
LR’s outlook for clean ammonia and hydrogen supply through 2035 (North America) is based on its proprietary Ammonia and H2 Project Database, which builds on the IEA’s 2024 hydrogen project dataset and is supplemented with extensive research.
For hydrogen, only projects where the end product is hydrogen were considered. Each project is assigned a country-level ‘likelihood’ score based on factors such as political stability, UN Human Development Index, national net-zero targets, and progress in developing a hydrogen economy. Production estimates assume a gradual three-year ramp-up to a maximum of 85% of nameplate capacity, reflecting historical performance of ammonia and H2 plants and aligned with deterministic principles.
As of now, North America hosts 143 hydrogen projects distributed across four production types. Blue hydrogen dominates representing 63% of the total, followed by mixed projects at 24%. Green hydrogen projects contribute 11% of the total share, while turquoise hydrogen trails to 1%. For ammonia, there are 14 identified projects. Of these, blue ammonia comprises the majority at 70%, followed by mixed at 21%, and green ammonia projects at 9%.
Currently, production levels of clean ammonia and hydrogen in North America remain negligible, with only modest growth
expected through the late 2020s. By 2030, clean ammonia production is projected to reach approximately 15 mtpa, while clean hydrogen is expected to rise to about 6 mtpa. By 2035, output is forecasted to increase to 18 million tonnes ammonia and 24 million tonnes hydrogen, respectively. In North America, hydrogen production ramps up more slowly than ammonia in the early stages due the fact that ammonia serves as hydrogen carrier, making hydrogen easier to store, transport, and ship using existing infrastructure. This enables early hydrogen exports, especially to Europe and Asia, without relying on an extensive domestic hydrogen network.
The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) have significantly boosted the US hydrogen market, offering tax credits of up to $3/kg for green hydrogen and supporting local manufacturing and hydrogen hubs. However, the re-election of Trump in 2025 has created uncertainty. The administration’s withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and global climate talks (IMO MEPC83) has shaken stakeholders’ confidence, even though IRA provisions remain active.
By 2050, the US is expected to produce around 50 million tonnes of hydrogen annually, accounting for 25% of global production. As infrastructure matures, ammonia-based exports will give way to increased domestic hydrogen use in heavy industry and transport. The supply mix will evolve to include cleaner technologies, mainly from methane reforming with CCS (13%) and electrolysis (7%). By 2050, clean hydrogen could make up 78% of supply, split across solar (35%), grid (24%), wind (7%), and nuclear (0.5%).
Cost remains the most significant barrier to green hydrogen adoption. Without subsidies or substantial carbon pricing to disincentivise blue hydrogen, green hydrogen remains economically uncompetitive. This disparity underscores the need for sustained policy support to bridge the cost gap and encourage investment.
US blue ammonia is expected to be very competitive due to low production costs and carbon sequestration subsidies. Although blue ammonia will likely always be cheaper to produce than green ammonia, carbon tax regimes imposed on the consumption of blue ammonia along with net zero pledges and hydrogen strategies will throttle long-term viability.
The US currently has 14 non-fossil-based methanol projects, reflecting growing national interest in decarbonised methanol production. Approximately 70% of these projects are blue methanol, produced using natural gas with carbon capture. Green methanol projects, derived from biomass, represent about 9%, while mixed methanol, blending biomethane with natural gas, makes up 21%. Together, green and mixed methanol projects highlight the shift toward lower-carbon alternatives. These projects are at various stages, with several already operational and others in development.
In high-cost cases, such as bio-methanol from manure, production is expensive due to small-scale anaerobic digesters. Biomethanol from waste is primarily driven by gasification costs. The production cost for bio-methanol depending on feedstock ranges from 0.437 to 0.761 USD/kg, For e-methanol, cost variability stems from the maturity and cost of hydrogen and CO2 feedstocks. Notably, direct air capture (DAC) costs are considerably higher than bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), significantly influencing overall production expenses. For e-methanol, costs range from 1.34 USD/ kg to 3 USD/kg reflecting high sensitivity to feedstock and CO2 capture technology.
North America is advancing as a leader in clean hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol, driven by policy support, infrastructure growth, and industrial demand. While blue hydrogen and ammonia currently dominate due to cost advantages, green alternatives are gaining momentum. Cost remains a barrier – green hydrogen and ammonia are not yet competitive without subsidies or carbon pricing. Sustained support will be essential to scale these solutions.
Marine fuel demand is also shifting. Lloyd’s Register’s high-case scenario shows ammonia and hydrogen-based fuels overtaking oil in shipping by 2050, highlighting their importance in decarbonisation. With continued investment and stable policy, North America can transition from exports to a robust domestic hydrogen economy and play a leading role in the global clean energy transition.
For more information: www.lr.org/advisory
01 Share of marine bunker fuel mix, 2020-2050. Base case (top) & High case (bottom)
how US volatility is flipping the script for storage terminals worldwide, and how to turn it into an opportunity
WELCOME TO the wild world of storage terminals, where the US market’s ups and downs keep everyone guessing! If you’re in the business of storing oil, gas, or chemicals, you know one thing for sure: what happens in America doesn’t stay in America. It ripples out, shaking up everything from tank rates to customer demand. With the global storage tank market hitting $20 billion (€18 billion) in 2023 and projected to soar to $35.5 billion (€31 billion) by 2032, the stakes are sky-high.
The US energy market in 2024 and at the start of 2025 has been nothing short of a rollercoaster, creating ripple effects across the globe. Brent crude oil prices fluctuated significantly, ranging from $60 to $90 (€52-€79) per barrel, driven mostly by OPEC+ decisions, the resilience of US shale production, and ongoing tensions in the Middle East. These changes have made storage terminals worldwide reevaluate their strategies to survive in this dynamic environment. Moreover, American policies have played a major role in shaping global energy trends. The Biden administration paused new LNG export approvals and expanded EV tax credits under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), pushing the country further into the energy transition.
Storage terminal operators, both in the US and beyond, are being challenged to adapt swiftly to keep pace. This isn’t just about making profits anymore; it’s about reinventing operations to align with the shifting energy landscape.
The turbulence in the US energy market can be traced to three major causes: geopolitics, policy shifts, and technological advances. Together, they form the perfect storm that has made volatility the new normal in energy markets.
US sanctions on Russian oil exports and trade frictions with China reshaped global crude flows. Indian ports, for example, saw increased storage of Russian oil while European terminals struggled to deal with oversupply of US light sweet crude. The Middle East remained a hotspot for tension, further driving uncertainty and impacting storage strategies worldwide.
Policies under the IRA have accelerated America’s move toward renewable energy, cutting gasoline demand by 4% year-on-year. Refiners pivoted to biofuels like renewable diesel, driving higher
• Global storage terminal market value: 22.5 billion by 2024 and 35.5 billion by 2032 (Grand View Research, 2024).
• US crude oil production: 13.3 million barrels per day (bpd) in 2024, up from 12.9 million bpd in 2023 (EIA, 2024)
• Average Brent crude prices: 75–75–85/barrel (2024), with forecasts of 80–80–90/barrel in 2025 (IMF, 2024).
• Biofuel storage demand growth: 18% YoY (2024), driven by inflation.
demand for related storage facilities. At the same time, the change in government strategy in 2025, with Trump, might result in renewed focus on fossil fuels, adding another layer of complexity.
Advanced tools like AI have started revolutionising storage terminal operations. For instance, Siemens’ TankManager AI helped reduce unplanned downtimes by 30%, proving that technology can be a game-changer for those willing to invest. However, smaller operators have struggled with the financial burden of adopting new technologies.
The volatility of the US energy market has sent shockwaves across storage hubs worldwide. European terminals, for instance, have been undercut by cheap US shale exports, resulting in decreased occupancy levels. Rotterdam’s tank farms faced significant challenges as clients defaulted on long-term contracts in favour of spot market discounts.
In Southeast Asia, terminals like those in Singapore saw high utilisation rates due to redirected shipments from the Middle East. However, competition kept profit margins razor-thin, making it harder for operators to sustain their growth. India and South Korea adopted strategic stockpiling strategies by increasing their petroleum reserves to take advantage of price dips, but this approach also brought risks such as sudden drawdowns and price crashes.
Port congestion has added to the challenges, with delays in US ports like Houston and Corpus Christi forcing Asian buyers to rely on expensive floating storage options.
To survive these turbulent times, storage terminal operators are adopting innovative strategies that focus on diversification, technology, and flexibility. Here are the key approaches:
• Diversification beyond hydrocarbons: The rise of biofuels and hydrogen presents new opportunities for storage terminals. Marathon’s Martinez terminal in California has transitioned a significant portion of its capacity to renewable diesel. Amsterdam’s EVOS Terminal is repurposing LNG tanks for green hydrogen storage, showcasing a shift toward cleaner energy.
• Tech-driven agility: Real-time data analytics and AI tools are becoming indispensable for optimising operations. Shell’s Pernis facility reduced energy costs by 25% using AI. Blockchain platforms are also being employed to streamline contract management and reduce administrative expenses.
• Hybrid contract models: To balance risks, many operators now use a mix of fixed and variable pricing in agreements. Buckeye Partners, for example, adopted a flexible approach that combines base fees with volumelinked bonuses.
• Geopolitical arbitrage: Some operators are capitalising on trade disruptions. Turkish terminal operator turned EU sanctions into a profit opportunity by storing discounted Russian diesel for African markets
As the energy world shifts toward renewables, the storage sector faces a crucial crossroads. Hydrogen and carbon capture storage (CCS) are emerging as promising technologies. Enterprise Products in Texas is investing heavily
in CCS hubs, while Singapore’s Jurong Island explores ammonia as a hydrogen carrier. However, these advancements require clear regulations and stable policies to truly thrive.
Political uncertainty in the US is another major factor. Trump’s victory in government could dismantle renewable energy incentives. Terminal operators must remain agile to adapt to rapidly shifting the new political focus and regulatory landscapes.
Beyond infrastructure and market dynamics, the storage terminal industry faces growing pressure from workforce shortages and community opposition both exacerbated by US volatility. The sector’s traditional reliance on skilled labour for hazardous material handling clashes with a shrinking talent pool.
In 2024, the American Petroleum Institute reported a 22% gap in qualified terminal operators, driven by retirements and younger workers’ aversion to fossil fuel careers. This deficit has forced terminals from Louisiana to Singapore to automate aggressively, but not without consequences. When a cyberattack disabled automated valves at a Houston terminal in March 2024, the resulting eight-hour shutdown cost $3.2 million (€2.8 million) in lost throughput a stark reminder that technology can’t fully replace human oversight.
Simultaneously, the energy transition is reshaping labour needs. Biofuel terminals require chemists instead of crude traders, while carbon capture projects demand geologists to monitor sequestration sites. Training programmes struggle to keep pace; the US Department of Labor’s 2024 ‘Green Terminals’ initiative has retrained just 4,000 workers; a fraction of the estimated 45,000 needed by 2027.
Smaller operators face existential threats. A family-owned terminal in Mobile, Alabama, US, closed in Q1 of 2024 after failing to attract workers, despite offering $35/hour wages. ‘Young people see oil storage as a dead-end job,’ the owner told Tank Storage Magazine
Community resistance adds another layer of complexity. Environmental justice movements, empowered by IRAfunded monitoring tools, are challenging permits for expansions near marginalised neighbourhoods. In California’s Wilmington district, grassroots pressure blocked a 500,000-barrel storage project in 2024 over benzene exposure concerns even as the same community demanded cheaper fuel prices. Terminals now walk a tightrope; satisfy ESG investors by cutting emissions while maintaining throughput to keep local economies afloat.
The solutions emerging are as nuanced as the challenges. Some operators partner with unions to create hybrid apprenticeships combining hydrocarbon safety training with renewable energy certifications. Others, like Netherlandsbased Vopak, deploy ‘social license’ teams to negotiate directly with communities, offering jobs and air quality guarantees in exchange for project approvals. But these measures take time; a luxury the industry may not have. In the US, president Trump has already begun to demonstrate his willingness to rewrite environmental rule. Terminals must build workforce and community resilience now or risk becoming collateral damage in the volatility they’ve long profited from.
The US energy market’s volatility has become a defining feature of the global storage industry. Those operators who embrace change and innovate will emerge as leaders in a new energy era. Whether it’s adopting renewable energy solutions, leveraging AI, or preparing for geopolitical shifts, the most adaptable players will succeed. Meanwhile, those who stick to traditional strategies may find themselves unable to compete in an increasingly complex and dynamic market.
Terminal operators must not only survive, but can even thrive by aligning themselves with the future of energy. A future that balances hydrocarbons and renewables, embraces technology, and navigates uncertainty with confidence.
How Dow is using big data monitoring to extend tank and basin service life
AT ITS industrial site in Stade, northern Germany, Dow Chemical achieved a global first: the deployment of a fully integrated, multi-sensor structural health monitoring (SHM) system across its tank and containment infrastructure. Developed by Texplor Group and certified by the German TÜV inspection agency, this solution is reshaping how tank farms and basins are maintained – through real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and big data.
Instead of fixed inspection cycles, Dow now operates 24/7 monitoring via the TEX-Sky Monitoring Cloud. Following consultation with TÜV and Texplor, Dow received official approval to replace traditional inspections with continuous digital monitoring. The system collects synchronised data from sensors tracking movement, leakage, corrosion, and moisture – delivering real-time alerts and compliance-ready reports. The result: minimised risk, optimised maintenance, and extended asset life.
What makes this deployment unique is its integration across four separate but connected infrastructure projects, all on the same site:
• A 4,000 m² catch basin surrounding four large chemical tanks
• A 7,000 m² concrete basin with a liquid liner system
• Two 3,500 m² concrete basins, one newly built, the other retrofitted
• A 167 m² saltwater tank, upgraded with leak detection
Each is monitored for critical parameters, transforming siloed inspection into a networked, holistic view of infrastructure health.
‘Texplor’s Multi-Sensor Monitoring is an innovative 24/7 system for equipment like secondary containments, tanks or waterproofing systems,’ says Manfred Nachbar-Zielinski, of Dow HWDTC.
‘It increases safety and enables the optimisation of inspection intervals.’
The challenges were real: cracks forming in catch basin floors, tilt in tank structures, and the threat of undetected leaks. Located near the Elbe River, Dow’s
site is exposed to groundwater and tidal fluctuations – factors that can subtly destabilise infrastructure over time. Traditional five-year inspection cycles risk missing critical developments. Texplor collaborated directly with Dow’s inspection, safety, and maintenance teams to analyse risks and define monitoring zones, install sensor networks with minimal disruption, tailor the system for new and retrofitted structures, set up automated alert thresholds, and align reporting with TÜV and internal documentation standards. This close partnership ensured a fit-for-purpose solution and laid the groundwork for future sensor expansions.
Texplor’s system now gives Dow constant insight. Sensors for leakage (MSS), movement (TEXtant), corrosion, and moisture feed live data into the TEX-Sky Cloud. Dow engineers receive automated alerts and tailored monthly and annual reports, ensuring both rapid response and audit-proof documentation. In one case, the system detected a leak in a newly installed basin – even before it had been filled with liquid.
Dow’s most significant gain? Inspection flexibility. With TÜV-approved 24/7 monitoring, Dow no longer needs to halt operations every few years for manual checks. As Texplor CTO Bastian Merten puts it: ‘Instead of shutting down operations, customers simply review our data and move on.’
Over time, big data reveals more: settlement patterns, early corrosion signals, even minimal leakage – detected with millimetre resolution. This shift from reactive to predictive maintenance helps lower costs, extend equipment lifespan, and increase safety.
Texplor’s system is modular and scalable. Additional custom sensors can be integrated into the central database at any time. Data can be integrated with SCADA and other digital platforms. Because Texplor develops and manufactures all system components in-house, customisation and client adaptation are built-in.
Texplor continuously refines its network architecture, software, and data tools to stay ahead of evolving industry demands. Planned and ongoing developments include:
• AI-supported pattern recognition: analyse and evaluation from big data sets or predictive maintenance
• Expansion of corrosion monitoring from trial to full deployment
• Adaptation of the MSS Leak Monitoring System for non-conductive liquids, such as oil and gasoline tanks
Texplor’s monitoring system at Dow was awarded the Gold Award for Emerging Technology at the 2025 Global Tank Storage Awards. It represents a shift away from rigid inspection cycles towards intelligent infrastructure management. For Dow, it’s no longer about ticking boxes; it’s about listening to what their assets are telling them. And acting early.
For more information: www.texplor.com
01 An official TÜV Nord inspection of Texplor’s leak monitoring system on a storage tank at the Dow Chemical site in Germany
THE AMERICAN Society for NonDestructive Testing (ASNT) has one clear vision; to make non-destructive testing a highly respected and professional field, recognised globally for its role in creating a safer world. ‘It is a simple statement mission, but it says a lot,’ says Clyde May, president of ASNT. ‘Non-destructive testing (NDT) is something that very few people really know about, but is crucial in day to day practices.’
Despite being a simple concept, NDT can take some explaining. ‘The byline I go by is if you hurt your ankle, and you need to see if it’s broken, you go and have it X-rayed. Well, NDT does the same thing, but in refineries, chemical plants and power plants, ensuring all equipment is tried and tested.’ In short, NDT plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and longevity of the materials and infrastructure we depend on.
‘NDT is used to verify the quality of components for all modes of transportation that we use every day. It is used to maintain safe infrastructure both during construction and throughout the in-service life,’ says May. ‘Everything around us – airplanes, pipelines, bridges, trains, refineries, chemical plants, storage tanks, power plants, ships, amusement parks, even batteries for electric vehicles – relies on NDT to protect the environment and human life.’
‘The distinct advantage of NDT is that the examination techniques do not damage or harm the item being examined,’ explains May. ‘Unlike destructive or mechanical tests, the use of NDT techniques maintains the asset’s full function and useful life.’
The ASNT Strategic Plan outlines the association’s direction, and recognises that plans quickly evolve due to changing environments, priorities, and lessons from implementation. ‘The six strategic pillars we have implemented help to see NDT as a profession, not just a job,’ says May.
The ASNT has founded six strategic pillars to support this:
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Certification and qualification of NDT personnel: Improve the value of NDT to the industry through effective qualification and certification of personnel.
The value of membership: Improve the value of membership by providing essential content and engagement experiences.
Workforce: Create pathways and resources for the NDT workforce’s entry, performance, and advancement in the field.
Advocacy: Advance the field of non-destructive testing by being an effective advocate.
Global growth: Expanding its global presence and serving members outside of the US.
Research and scholarship: Expand research and scholarship in NDT.
May continues that despite the importance of NDT, there are still challenges that the association faces. ‘Getting people to understand what non-destructive testing actually is, is a huge challenge, as well as getting people excited to come and work in our field,’ remarks May. ‘Any of the skilled trades, such as welding, are suffering workforce shortages, and this is sadly not seeing any rapid improvement.’
‘However, education and advocacy are key in solving these issues,’ says May. ‘NDT societies and organisations around the world must work together to promote NDT as an attractive career path, both as a means to a secure financial future, as well as a meaningful contribution to society. Unfortunately, nearly all employment sectors are facing workforce shortages to some degree, so competition for workers will only increase. Therefore, we must look to technology in order to meet the demands of NDT. We must develop smarter hardware and software, integrate robotics, and fully utilise
artificial intelligence and machine learning in order to reduce the reliance of human boots on the ground.’
Regulations can also be slow to adapt.
‘This is an issue in regards to how quickly the technological landscape of today grows. We may have great new technology, but the regulations for NDT haven’t been updated to allow us to use it to its full advantage.’
To solve this, May suggests that NDT professionals get involved in advocacy. ‘Regulations, codes, and standards are typically not designed to be nimble or react quickly to change. The NDT community must become more engaged in these processes in order to communicate more effectively the benefits of emerging technology.’
Additionally, May notes that the global NDT community must examine ways to expediate the adoption of emerging NDT methods and techniques, as well as develop appropriate methodologies for personnel qualification and certification.
While May is optimistic for the future of NDT, he recognises that technological advances might impact workforce challenges. ‘This will include looking at how we bring AR and VR into training and certification; so it is crucial to get the next generation interested and involved through the use of technology. This is also where you will find a strong use of machine learning and artificial intelligence,’ he says.
May also reflects on the society’s continued aim to get NDT more universally recognised. ‘NDT is used globally on a daily bases to ensure quality and fitness-for-service. Unfortunately, very few people know what it is, or have even heard of it for that matter. In order to meet global demands, we must do a better job of educating people and advocating for NDT. As we begin to utilise technology such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, the data that drives this technology is generated in many cases by NDT.’
For more information: www.asnt.org
Kate Rainford speaks to a range of non-destructive testing companies about the essential role it plays at storage terminals
NON-DESTRUCTIVE testing (NDT) plays a critical role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and efficiency of materials, components, and systems within storage terminals, where the safe and efficient handling of high-risk materials is crucial. NDT allows for safer, non-invasive inspection of assets.
There are various types of NDT inspection methods, and most companies will work across a range of industries with different materials. NDT methods include radiographic inspection, ultrasonic inspection, magnetic particle inspection, liquid penetrant inspection, as well as advanced NDT techniques such as computed tomography and phased array ultrasonic inspection.
The big advantage of NDT in comparison to other techniques, such as visual or ultrasonic testing, is the fact that assets can remain in-use during an inspection. Sonotest’s applications engineer, Sam Hughes, explains: ‘Non-destructive testing can give immediate results on the condition of an asset, often while that asset is still running, this means you can gather data regularly throughout the life of a tank with minimum disruption to operation. NDT gathers information on the condition of an asset without the need to take physical samples.’ For storage terminals in particular, NDT is useful because it provides comprehensive integrity data without disrupting operations or compromising a tank’s structure. ‘Compared to destructive testing or shutdown-based inspections, NDT is cost-effective, and is able to minimise downtime and production loss, whilst reducing the need for confined space entries,’ adds Mike Davies, inspection service line manager, TEAM.
For bulk liquid storage facilities, the highest priorities are containment of the product and the safety of the personnel and the environment. ‘A robust schedule of NDT inspection on your storage tank allows the asset owners to operate their tanks in a known condition, maintaining operational safety,’ explains Hughes. ‘Knowledge of defects like corrosion allow the operators to avoid unplanned shutdowns, planning in maintenance work early or changing the operational limits of a tank to cope with the known issues.’
The team at Element Materials Technology also recognise that NDT is crucial for storage terminals. From pipelines and storage tanks to loading arms and structural supports, these assets are constantly exposed to wear, corrosion, and environmental stress. ‘Non-destructive testing allows us to detect early signs of damage, like cracks, thinning, or weld defects, before they become costly or dangerous. By identifying issues before they escalate, we not only support the prevention of environmental incidents and unplanned shutdowns but also help our clients maintain seamless operations and meet strict regulatory requirements with confidence,’ says Brian Hacker, senior division director of aerospace and energy for Element.
Davies at TEAM agrees: ‘NDT is essential at terminals because it is able to detect flaws or degradation before they lead to failure or leaks. Additionally, NDT supports regulatory compliance (e.g. API 653/650 for tanks), whilst also enabling proactive maintenance, reducing unplanned outages and ensuring safety for personnel and the environment.’
Hughes adds: ‘In the case of storage tanks, you can ascertain the internal conditions of the shell and roof without the need to drain the tank and enter.’
As well as reducing downtime – and therefore saving money – NDT techniques increase the safety and integrity of a terminal. ‘Appropriate NDT techniques for the damage mechanisms that may be active in the item under inspection will assist in keeping the terminal safe, prevent environmental impact and reduce unplanned outages due to breakdown loss of containment,’ adds Jason Taylor, technical manager at SGS.
Yet with such huge advantages, come drawbacks. Taylor notes: ‘There are limitations with any NDT inspection technique. I would suggest a discussion with an NDT Level 3 inspector to determine the trade-offs between cost, accuracy coverage etc. Understanding these against the risks involved will produce the best results.’
To ensure safety, quality, and accuracy in its NDT results, Element uses rigorous quality control procedures, with certified and calibrated equipment, and by employing technicians qualified under ASNT, NAS 410, and ISO 9712 standards. ‘We also apply multiple inspection methods where necessary for crossvalidation and adhere to internationally
recognised quality frameworks such as ISO 17025 and NADCAP,’ says Hacker. Properly trained and certified personnel are also key to TEAM’s approach. ‘We ensure reliability through highly trained technicians, all of which are certified to internationally recognised standards (e.g. PCN, ASNT), with ongoing training and performance evaluations to uphold technical excellence,’ says Davies. ‘We also adhere to detailed inspection procedures aligned with industry codes and client specifications to ensure consistency and repeatability.’
In addition to staff protocols, all equipment at TEAM is routinely calibrated and validated against certified reference standards to maintain peak performance, as well as leveraging digital reporting systems that reduce manual error, provide real-time data capture, and ensure secure data handling across inspection sites. More on digital advances later.
There is also an element of human risk with NDT inspection techniques. ‘Safety underpins everything we do and guides our approach to protecting both people and infrastructure,’ says Element’s Brian Hacker. ‘This also means that when we carry out NDT in hazardous environments, we follow clearly defined protocols, from using intrinsically safe equipment, and shielding during radiographic testing to ensure full compliance with all relevant health, safety, and environmental regulations. Detailed risk assessments are completed before any work begins, and our teams adhere closely to site-specific safety requirements.’
Luckily, these risks can be mitigated by the use of robots or even drones, according to Sonotest’s Sam Hughes. ‘NDT can be used in most situations where you have access to the test surface, either via physical access for
the technician, or via automatic crawlers or even drones. However, the test surface does need to be free of dirt and loose paint to allow good contact with the test surface,’ he explains.
Hacker adds: ‘Some areas may also be difficult to access, which can complicate inspection. However, these challenges are addressed through experienced planning, the right equipment, and method selection tailored to each project.’
Advanced NDT inspection methods, such as phased array ultrasonic testing and computed tomography can involve higher costs, and interpreting results requires skilled professionals. However, as the technology becomes more powerful and compact, the world of NDT is advancing quickly.
‘PA and ToFD initially required a van of equipment to carry it out,’ says Hughes. ‘Now it is all possible in a portable handheld set. New methods like TFM have only recently been introduced into
Whilst SGS operates in a variety of industries, technical manager Jason Taylor notes that the use of NDT is crucial at storage terminals in particular. ‘NDT is critical to the continued safe running of any terminal. It can also feed into planning and strategies. For example, knowing the corrosion rate of a particular pipe under a certain set of operating criteria can allow the operator to plan repair dates or adjust the operating criteria to move the dates around to meet operational requirements,’ he says.
He gives an example of when NDT has proactively prevented a potential disaster. ‘At a client’s facility, a risk-based inspection (RBI) assessment had identified a potential damage mechanism that had not previously been considered,’ explains Taylor. ‘After consultation, a targeted campaign of digital profile radiography was carried out on the areas most likely to see the damage. It was on the last shift of the campaign that an item was found with the damage we were looking for. If it had been allowed to progress un-checked it could have led to a massive loss of containment of an extremely volatile chemical – along with all the consequences that that would have led to.’
the market. With AI advancements being seen in every sector, it is only natural to see that AI will play a big part in NDT in the future.’
Indeed, AI, automation, and digital transformation are unlocking new levels of insight, speed, and safety.
‘Key developments that we are seeing in this area include AI-assisted interpretation, with machine learning being integrated into image recognition (e.g. radiographic film/digital UT) to assist with faster and more accurate defect detection and analysis.’
Hacker agrees: ‘AI-driven defect recognition is improving accuracy and consistency, while robotic and dronebased inspections are enabling safer and more efficient access to hard-to-reach areas. Real-time data collection and analysis, supported by cloud platforms, is advancing predictive maintenance and helping clients make informed decisions faster.’ According to TEAM’s Mike Davies, this centralised inspection data storage is also enabling real-time collaboration, centralised tracking, and historical comparison across sites and assets.
The true impact of AI, machine learning and digitalisation will depend on how well companies embrace these developments. Jason Taylor explains how SGS is adapting: ‘SGS has whole departments dedicated to the development and application of digitisation of every aspect of our work. We are working with drones and robots to deliver NDT in previously inaccessible locations or ones where technicians may be put at risk. Although these will undoubtedly bring huge benefits to both SGS and our clients, it is still dependent upon good data, and well applied NDT will produce good data. What’s different about our approach is the way we work with the client to establish their needs and the best NDT solution to meet those needs, including integrating it into their inspection regime. This is why we have so many global clients.’
For more information: www.element.com www.sgs.com www.sonatest.com www.teaminc.com
01 Non-destructive testing tools by Element
02 Wave scanplan by Sonotest
IN MARCH 2025, Square Robot’s SR-3 robotic inspection system took home gold for Safety Technology at the Global Tank Storage Awards. Reflecting on the company’s success, Chris Carlston, vice president of Europe at Square Robot, explains that the award has given the company a perfect platform to showcase its new safety innovations.
‘The recognition has opened doors with operators who were previously hesitant to move away from traditional inspection methods. The visibility from the award has also helped facilitate partnerships with regional service providers, allowing us to broaden our reach.’
The SR-3 robot, Square Robot’s latest in-service tank inspection innovation, features a proprietary vehicle chamber designed to safely allow the inspection of low-flashpoint products via the tank shell. This allows the robot to inspect storage tanks whilst in service and feed data in real time back to a centralised location.
‘The SR-3 can navigate through various petroleum products while tanks remain in operation, capturing high-resolution imagery and ultrasonic thickness measurements to detect potential integrity issues without requiring tanks to be emptied, cleaned, or taken offline,’ explains Carlston.
The inspiration behind the SR-3 robotic system came from the industry identifying the significant safety risks of confined space labour, environmental concerns, and operational costs associated with traditional tank inspections. Such techniques usually require tanks to be emptied, degassed, and manually inspected by personnel who must physically enter confined spaces, an inherently dangerous process. ‘It is no industry secret that hundreds of people die each year in confined spaces, especially in the oil and gas industry,’ notes Carlston. ‘This is something we have identified as a problem, but it is also that our customers have come to us with, looking for a solution.’
In response to these outdated techniques, as well as demand from tank owners and operators, Square Robot saw an opportunity to investigate how robotics and advanced sensor technology could keep humans out of these hazardous environments, while
still providing comprehensive inspection data. ‘We’re not going to have confined space labour anymore, and we’re not putting people in tanks anymore. Robots therefore, are a clear safety trend, and means that a tank is ideally never taken out of service,’ adds Carlston.
‘The SR-3 robot is engineered with intrinsically safe electronic components certified for hazardous environments, ensuring it cannot serve as an ignition source even when operating in highly flammable products,’ adds Carlston.
This capability offers a combination of safety improvements, operational continuity, and environmental benefits. ‘Our proprietary navigation technology allows the robot to operate reliably in contained tank environments, and our advanced phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) sensor package captures better and more data than traditional methods. Perhaps most impressively,
‘The recognition of the award has opened doors with operators who were previously hesitant to move away from traditional inspection methods.’
we can eliminate inspection downtime from weeks and months and conduct an onstream tank bottom inspection in days,’ explains Carlston.
There is an added extra safety feature; a pressure sensor that prevents the robot from powering on when it is near the surface of the product. ‘When we lower the robot into a tank and through the vapour zone of a diesel or a jet fuel tank, for example, there’s no power going to the robot. It’s just a fibre optic cable that’s used for communication. All the power is inside this pressure vessel. So, the pressure sensor is what tells the robot whether or not it’s safe to power on or power off,’ explains Carlston.
This means that when the SR-3 is lowered into the tank, the pressure sensor is able to detect how far the robot is from the product, eliminating the risk of spark or ignition. Carlston adds: ‘Likewise when we pull the robot back out, as it approaches the surface of the product, it powers off again. So that pressure switch is an important redundant safety feature.’
Beyond these technical safety features, the most substantial safety benefit of the SR-3 robot remains the elimination of confined space entry by inspection personnel. ‘By removing humans from these hazardous environments, we are able to eliminate the risks associated with toxic vapour exposure, oxygendeficient atmospheres, and potential emergency rescue scenarios that have historically resulted in serious injuries
and even fatalities during traditional tank inspections,’ adds Carlston. The system also reduces environmental exposure risks by allowing tanks to remain in service, avoiding the hazardous cleaning and waste disposal processes typically required for conventional inspection methods.
The success of Square Robot has been proven not only by accolades at the Global Tank Storage Awards, but also industrywide acknowledgement. ‘ExxonMobil was an early adopter and supporter of our technology, and liked what we were doing,’ says Carlston. ‘They had input into the design of our SR-3 robot and side launcher, used for inspections in lowflashpoint products and other tanks with internal floating roofs.’
Like many other oil and gas companies, ExxonMobil needed the right solution to inspect their gasoline tanks. ‘We entered into a joint development project with the company, where they helped fund the development. The SR-3 robotic system, and the side launcher, were developed together with ExxonMobil’s engineers to
‘The calibre of attendees and fellow award recipients was impressive, representing the most innovative companies in the sector.’
ensure that we had a safe, efficient and effective way of inspecting gasoline tanks.
In addition to the positive industry reception, the SR-3 system has been implemented across major petroleum storage facilities globally. ‘We’ve conducted successful inspections in North America, the Middle East, Europe, Southeast Asia, South America and Australia. The technology is utilised by major oil companies, independent terminal operators, and national oil companies across various climates and regulatory environments,’ adds Carlston.
Square Robot are no strangers to the Global Tank Storage Awards. In 2024, the company took home gold for Best Drones and Robotics Solution. Reflecting on the previous win, Carlson says: ‘Winning the gold award was great because it gave the industry awareness that Square Robot was on the scene and that we were there with an innovative technology.’
‘Winning the Safety Technology award at the Global Tank Storage Awards in 2025 has been further validation that our approach to safety is the right thing, we’re on the right track and it’s what the industry is looking for,’ Carlston notes.
‘We’re now getting calls from people we hadn’t talked to before saying they’d seen our solution through the awards, and wanted to get in contact. Winning the award creates a tremendous amount of exposure.’
Carlston adds that the awards have become a key networking night in the company’s calendar. ‘The calibre of attendees and fellow award recipients was impressive, representing the most innovative companies in the sector. The event struck an excellent balance between recognising technical achievements and creating an environment for meaningful business discussions. We particularly appreciated the focus on safety innovations, which aligns perfectly with our company’s core mission.’
For more information:
www.squarerobot.com
Entires for the 2026 Global Tank Storage Awards open in June. www.tankstorageawards.com
01 Chris Carlston, VP-Europe president of Square Robot collects his award at the 2025 Global Tank Storage Awards ceremony
02 Square Robot’s award-winning SR-3 robotic inspection system
Anamika Talwaria examines the case for going digital, and the barriers terminal CISOs have to overcome to modernise their sites
FOR MANY storage terminal facilities, digitalisation and automation are an inevitable future. Such traditional workforces can be resistant to change – especially to processes that are highly regulated and fine-tuned. But stepping into the digital world can bring a raft of benefits; solving workforce challenges while improving efficiency, safety and sustainability – and it can sometimes be the best way to ensure your terminal is complying with environmental regulations.
‘Terminal digitalisation and automation provide multifaceted solutions that significantly enhance operational efficiency and resilience,’ explains Dominic Baula, managing director at QADworks. ‘By streamlining workflows, reducing manual processes, and offering real-time visibility across all aspects of terminal operations, digitalisation enables more informed decisions, reduces human error, and significantly streamlines operations.’
Terminals that still rely on timeconsuming and error-prone manual work processes suffer from inefficiency, suboptimal throughput and a lack of operational visibility. In comparison, digital tools provide real-time visibility into terminal operations, minimising the need for manual interventions and helping operators make better-informed decisions. This leads to improved inventory management and asset utilisation, better operational efficiency and safety, reduced errors, downtime
and costs, and increased throughput and profitability.
For example, Emerson’s O2CManager can manage contracts and orders, oversee inventory, generate invoices, control and automate product movements and loading processes, and accurately measure liquids – all in one centralised system. ‘O2CManager delivers an unparalleled level of integration to traditionally fragmented enterprise workflows,’ says Rohan Awasthi, product manager, Emerson. ‘This brings enhanced transparency and a seamless unification of processes, empowering clients to boost operational capabilities and optimise revenue.’
Softwares like this can boost operational efficiency further by streamlining order fulfilment processes and deal with vessel and truck scheduling. Some can even offer dynamic rescheduling to help keep operations flexible in case of delays or risk of bottlenecks.
These automated processes can extend to security checks, too. Emerson’s TerminalManager software provides features designed to assist terminal operators by streamlining access control. Awasthi explains: ‘The software can manage and verify credentials for drivers and vehicles entering the terminal, ensuring that only authorised personnel gain access to specific areas of the facility. It can also interface with physical access control devices, such as badge readers and biometric scanners, to enforce security protocols effectively.’
Real-time monitoring is a huge benefit to terminals, both from an operational and
a safety perspective. It can also be key to regulatory compliance (more on that later). ‘These advanced technologies enable proactive hazard detection, such as immediately flagging unauthorised access to restricted areas or identifying leaks through sensor networks,’ says QADworks’ Baula. ‘This real-time monitoring and alert capability facilitates swift intervention, preventing potential incidents and fostering a safer work environment.’
Beyond improving operational efficiency and actual security, automation and digital tools play a significant role in helping terminal operators maintain their licence to operate by enhancing safety and environmental performance across a facility. ‘Compliance with environmental regulations is often impossible without digital monitoring and reporting,’ says Awasthi. ‘US EPA regulations require real-time monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), greenhouse gas emissions and spill prevention – and digital sensors and automated reporting are essential in complying with this demand.’
Meanwhile, the EU Industrial Emissions Directive requires integrated pollution prevention and control, which relies heavily on real-time data from smart instrumentation. And the IMO MARPOL Annexes for marine terminals regulate pollution from ships and terminal interfaces, where digital recordkeeping is crucial. ‘Compliance with these regulations requires continuous
measurement, traceable logs, alarms and data analytics, all of which are core features of Emerson’s terminal management software,’ adds Awasthi.
Underpinning all these advancements is robust cybersecurity. ‘A secure digital infrastructure is essential to guarantee the reliability of safety mechanisms, the seamless flow of data that drives efficiency, and the accurate measurement of sustainability metrics, ensuring the integrity of these critical improvements,’ says Baula.
Even in light of US president Trump rolling back CFATS regulations (see page 38 for the ILTA’s response to this), terminals should strive to high security standards in order to mitigate the risk of cyberattacks – and the operational, reputational and financial losses that can come with that. Plus, Baula explains, maintaining strong cybersecurity remains vital for other reasons:
• Core cybersecurity principles such as risk assessment, security planning, access management, and incident response remain relevant for protecting critical infrastructure.
• Future implementation or reinstatement of regulations is a possibility, making proactive security measures beneficial for potential compliance.
• Implementing strong cybersecurity can enhance the reliability, trustworthiness, and overall resilience of terminal operations.
So what does a strong and resilient cybersecurity plan look like? According to Voovio’s SVP Americas, Christian McDermott, user training is the key. ‘What we have seen across the industry is often a lack of a coherent strategy and effective communication between teams,’ he explains. ‘Some of the large chemical, refining and terminal companies might have thousands of software applications available to their operators and maintenance personnel. Many of these might be legacy (at risk of
being outdated) and the IT teams may not have the resources to effectively manage or support many of them.’ So it’s up to a good IT team – or your service provider – to help you work out the best way to protect your systems.
Just as with maintaining physical safety standards, regular training is crucial to instil a security-conscious culture at the terminal, as well as educating operators on things like the dangers of unsecured access or physical-to-cyber links. ‘Seemingly innocuous physical actions, like using USB drives on field devices or connecting personal laptops, can introduce significant digital risks into the operational environment,’ explains QADworks’ Baula. ‘Being aware of these links helps everyone maintain a secure and reliable digital workspace.’
But, should the worst happen, having a well-defined incident response plan in place is crucial for effectively managing and recovering from any cyber incidents that may occur, minimising disruption to daily tasks and losses to your terminal’s reputation or bottom line.
But there’s not much use investing all that time and money into improving and securing your terminal if there are no workers to keep it running day-today. Voovio’s McDermott explains that turnover and loss of personnel are a huge problem in the storage terminals industry – and the lack of adequate training can cause even more problems. ‘In the US alone, over 11,500 incidents occur annually during loading and unloading operations, with 47% attributed directly to human error,’ says McDermott. ‘These errors frequently stem from high employee turnover, inconsistent skill levels across operators and contractors, and lack of standardised training.’ Voovio’s SME solution is a suite of digital tools designed to help workers learn on the job, swiftly and safely. It offers faster training timelines – especially as more knowledgeable workers depart the
industry. ‘You no longer need to worry about people leaving or retiring, because the SME know-how is preserved forever,’ McDermott says. ‘Your onboarding, qualification and recertification programmes are now increasingly system-based.’
That new workforce could also be the key to terminals digitalising at a more rapid pace. ‘One of the barriers to digitalising a terminal can be the culture of the company. Implementing digital technologies requires changes to established work practices, and people are naturally resistant to change,’ explains Emerson’s Awasthi.
McDermott sees the silver lining: ‘The younger generations moving into the industry are open to new ways of working and being moulded into the job.’ These digital native generations may also be able to offer their own training, in a sense, helping more established workers get used to new practices.
Getting buy-in from the existing workforce is also vital to a successful digital transformation. It’s important to understand why your terminal should look to digitalise – rather than blindly following the whim of a vendor or salesperson. Especially as digitalising terminals can have a lot of hurdles to overcome, such as legacy systems needing to be upgraded and isolated data architectures needing to become more centralised. All of this needs to be properly considered before signing on the dotted line, and the solution must address real operational needs in order to be embraced by terminal personnel.
For more information: www.emerson.com www.qad.works www.voovio.com
With 180 carriers handling up to 1,500 truck loads monthly across two terminals, Calumet Montana Refining was struggling with an aging workforce, high volumes of third-party drivers, and mounting pressure to improve safety while reducing administrative workload.
Calumet implemented Voovio to train and test driver competency before granting site access. The platform replaced traditional training methods with structured learning environments that simulated actual operations. The impact was immediate and measurable. Calumet experienced a 75% reduction in the training time for new drivers, onboarding 10-20 new drivers monthly. There was a reduction of incidents on the loading racks and improved driver feedback and issue recognition. As Calumet’s operations superintendent notes: ‘Incidents in loading and unloading are now an area we worry less about. Voovio makes our life easier and we have a new confidence in our drivers as a result.’
CEO of UAB-Online, Hans Bobeldijk, reflects on the company’s success at the 2025 Global Tank Storage Awards
UAB-ONLINE was founded in 2010 with a clear mission; to streamline and digitalise communication and operations within the maritime liquid bulk industry. The company has achieved this by creating a global SaaS platform, uniting all stakeholders and making mutual processes safe, efficient and sustainable. ‘UAB-Online started as an announcement platform for inland barges,’ says UAB-Online CEO, Hans Bobeldijk. ‘Over time, we have evolved into a leading communication and collaboration platform that connects terminals, vessels, agents, and surveyors,’ he adds.
UAB-Online’s solution was celebrated at the 2025 Global Tank Storage Awards for its industry renowned success.
‘The recognition of the award not only strengthens our credibility globally, but also motivates us to push boundaries in digital transformation for maritime logistics,’ says Bobeldijk. ‘The Global Tank Storage Awards are a respected benchmark for excellence in our industry, so entering the awards gave us the opportunity to showcase our impact and our performance against other innovators.’
UAB-Online aims to eliminate operational inefficiency caused by fragmented communication, paperbased documentation, and last-minute disruptions. These challenges often lead to extended waiting times, increased costs, reduced safety, and missed compliance obligations. ‘UAB-Online’s platform replaces these outdated processes with a digital infrastructure that provides real-time visibility, coordination, and predictability across all stakeholders involved in port calls,’ explains Bobeldijk.
UAB-Online’s software focuses on prearrival, arrival, and departure processes, reducing manual tasks, increasing safety and compliance, and driving efficiency at liquid bulk terminals. With over 8,000 active vessels and more than 120,000 vessel visits, the company serves more than 80 terminals globally.
UAB-Online’s application offers a broad variety of features, including pre-arrival announcement, ISGOTT 6 and file exchange between multiple stakeholders for seagoing vessels. For inland shipping the application features a pre-arrival announcement, ADN Checklist, CDNI release certificate and VOW agreement.
‘By standardising and streamlining communication before a vessel even arrives, UAB-Online’s software ensures that operations are no longer reactive but proactively managed,’ says Bobeldijk. Terminals are able to gain early access to all necessary information, allowing them to allocate resources effectively, avoid bottlenecks, and ensure that safety
‘The
recognition of the award not only strengthens our credibility globally, but also motivates us to push boundaries in digital transformation for maritime logistics.’
and compliance requirements are met in advance. ‘The result is a significant reduction in operational delays, improved berth scheduling, fewer last-minute disruptions, and enhanced terminal customer satisfaction,’ explains Bobeldijk.
‘Our solution doesn’t just digitise paperwork, it enables a more controlled, predictable, and efficient operational workflow that supports terminals in delivering high-performance, safe, and sustainable services. The platform empowers terminals to take control of their maritime processes by enabling all involved stakeholders – terminals, agents, vessels, and surveyors – to collaborate in a central, digital environment.’
UAB-Online encompasses the entire vessel handling process, including terminals, agents, surveyors, and vessels. It is a scalable and quick solution, which has seen thousands of vessels onboarded, allowing for effective implementation. The platform facilitates data-driven decision-making by providing real-time insights and analytics, which are crucial for proactive berth and resource planning. UAB-Online is also compliancefocused, ensuring it aligns international and local regulations such as ISGOTT 6,
DOS, and DOI through digital checklists and document tracking. Additionally, the platform is highly customisable, catering to both inland and seagoing vessels with its cloud-based infrastructure that can be tailored to meet regional regulatory requirements. ‘UAB-Online has been created in partnership with the industry, developed through close collaboration with terminals, agents, surveyors, and shipping companies,’ adds Bobeldijk. ‘It is a dynamic platform that evolves based on feedback from these maritime stakeholders, ensuring it continues to address the industry’s global and changing needs.’
Bobelijk shares a case study to highlight.
‘Liquin, one of our clients, a large European terminal operator, experienced a 60-90 minute reduction per vessel call after using our platform. Through automated pre-arrival processes, digital checklists, and API integration with their Terminal Management System, they significantly reduced turnaround time, improved compliance, and eliminated communication delays. Their success is a testament to how digital workflows can directly improve terminal performance and customer satisfaction.’
UAB-Online’s growth has been driven by a rising global demand for more efficient, transparent, and compliant port operations. As more terminals recognise the operational and commercial value of digitalisation, UAB-Online is partnering closely with maritime stakeholders to ensure smooth implementation and strong local relevance. The company’s goal is to build a connected, international ecosystem where terminals worldwide benefit from a shared digital standard, improving the liquid bulk supply chain as a whole.
One of the many achievements from UAB-Online has been the company’s international expansion. ‘Today, our platform is well established in Western Europe, the UK and Malaysia. In the coming six to 12 months, we are actively expanding into key growth markets including the USA, South America, and the Nordics,’ says Bobeldijk.
‘We aim to evolve our platform into a global standard for terminal digitalisation, enhance data-driven berth and resource optimisation features, and strengthen partnerships with port communities to support just-in-time logistics and environmental targets,’ notes Bobeldijk. The potential of these technologies, from seamless data exchange to just-in-time operations and port call optimisation, is both exciting and essential.
Reflecting on UAB-Online’s 2025 Global Tank Storage Awards success, Bobeldijk notes: ‘Winning this award is a confirmation of our mission and the measurable impact we’re having on the liquid bulk industry. It reflects our team’s commitment to innovation and our customers’ trust in our technology. The recognition of the award not only strengthens our credibility globally but also motivates us to continue pushing boundaries in digital transformation for maritime logistics.’
In addition to the recognition from the industry, Bobeldijk explains that the award has offered exposure amongst more customers, too. ‘It also offered valuable engagement within a community of industry leaders who are shaping the future of the maritime industry.’
Terminal operations manager at LBC Tank Terminals, and member of the 2025 Global Tank Storage Awards judging panel, Karine Huysmans, noted that
UAB-Online’s technology was a ‘musthave tool for modern terminals.’ She adds: ‘UAB-Online is a game-changer for terminal operations in the ARA region. By automating vessel/barge workflows and improving communication, it boosts efficiency, safety, and compliance. It reduces administrative work, cuts vessel turnaround times, and supports sustainability.’
Looking towards the company’s future, Bobeldijk adds: ‘Digitalisation will become the backbone of terminal operations. We foresee a shift toward fully connected supply chains where real-time data sharing, predictive scheduling are standard. As regulations become stricter and competition grows, terminals that embrace digital transformation will gain a significant operational and commercial advantage. The future also holds more automation, paperless work, increased safety, compliance through data-enabled insights, improved green corridors, and a global net zero carbon footprint.’
For more information: www.uab-online.com
Nominations for the 2026 Global Tank Storage Awards will open in June 2025. www.tankstorageawards.com
01 UAB-Online’s CEO Hans Bobeldijk accepts his award from judge Peter Savage (Aquarius Energy) at the 2025 Global Tank Storage Awards
Kevin Wheeldon, sales director at Cashco, explains the company’s
picture after winning the StocExpo 2025 Photography Competition
ON 11 & 12 MARCH, StocExpo held a photography competition inviting visitors and exhibitors to submit their favourite project photos and vote for the winners on-site. After two days of voting, Cashco came out on top.
The winning image (01) features Cashco’s comprehensive range of tank protection equipment. Captured at the Standic site in Antwerp, Belgium, it shows how Cashco’s products seamlessly fit into the storage terminal. Kevin Wheeldon, sales director at Cashco, notes that the image clearly demonstrates how the company’s solutions work in the operational context.
‘The image is fantastic,’ he says. ‘It provides a great overview of the terminal and vividly conveys the scale of the site and how Cashco’s equipment is an essential part of the project.’
Founded in 1920, Cashco is a provider of highly engineered pressure management solutions for storage tanks. The image highlights Cashco’s tank protection equipment, an essential part of the company’s wider range that also includes regulators and control valves. In the foreground, a pressure and vacuum relief valve utilised in a vapour recovery system is clearly visible. To address the potential dangers of ignition, Cashco employs a detonation flame arrester, which effectively protects against flame propagation. Together, these products work seamlessly to minimise unwanted emissions loss and provide fire protection.
The image captures a modern industrial terminal, with Cashco’s equipment at the centre of this dynamic environment. Wheeldon describes the image as a ‘perfect overview of a robust tank protection system.’
For the Cashco team, this image offers a rewarding glimpse of all the new equipment at a large scale facility, ready to perform its critical functions. The photographed project involved the installation of a protection system for 46 bulk storage tanks at the Standic Antwerp Terminal, designed to store a variety of chemical products.
‘This project features a range of Cashco’s offerings,’ explains Wheeldon. ‘It’s great to showcase such a diverse array of our equipment. The symmetrical alignment of the tank equipment highlights the
products all lined up neatly, a sight that we don’t often get to see.’
One of the products featured is Cashco’s new flame arrestor, the Model 6K00. This unit provides dual protection by managing both pressure and vacuum conditions in the storage tank. It features a deflagration flame arrestor, made of a crimped stainless-steel element, allowing the passage of gas or flammable liquid vapours while blocking external flame transmission. This model acts as a heat sink, removing heat from a flame to extinguish the ignited vapour mixture, and can be a standalone safety mechanism to prevent explosions.
‘The 6K00 solves a range of issues, with weight reduction being a main feature,’ adds Wheeldon. ‘Typically, this application requires two separate products – a flame arrester and a pressure vacuum relief valve.’ The 6K00 in the image is designed to be around half the weight of these separate units, so the tank roof can be designed to carry less weight, saving terminals money.
In addition, Cashco’s nitrogen blanketing valves, the Model 1078, is also pictured at the Standic Antwerp Terminal. This valve uses a pressure-balanced pilot that guarantees supply pressure fluctuations do not impact the setpoint. It also features a tight shutoff, which is 100% bubble-tight at the setpoint, preventing the wastage of blanketing gases. By using a remote
sensing line, the valve is well-suited for applications with low outlet settings and even those operating in vacuum mode. The system is also designed for instant on/ off functionality without any modulation, ensuring that it operates at full capacity as soon as it is opened.
‘We had a highly productive experience at StocExpo this year,’ recalls Wheeldon. ‘The calibre of customers and visitors we encountered was exceptional. With our representatives located across Europe, StocExpo’s location in Rotterdam provides an ideal setting for us to connect, saving weeks from my calendar and making this event a valuable networking hub.’
Wheeldon adds: ‘This year we used our large-scale demonstration tank to showcase our products in a real-life situation. This enabled us to spend valuable time with visitors explaining the products and application in detail. Overall, we found the event really valuable, and that is why we have booked again for next year!’
For more information: www.cashco.com www.stocexpo.com
2 Packed Days
600+ Leading Exhibitors
Operations & Logistics
WHEN PRE-REGISTERED
Tank Storage Solutions
Plant, Process & Asset Management
Chemicals & Materials Sourcing
150+ Speakers
Terminals organisation has recently achieved two consecutive years of record safety performance, as measured by the US government’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recordable incident rate. How did the organisation do it? It stopped, reset and focused its culture.
Like many organisations emerging from the pandemic, Marathon Petroleum’s Terminals safety programmes faced challenges. Because of necessary health precautions, the organisation’s ability to hold in-person activities and build personal connections was limited. While safety performance was satisfactory, it wasn’t up to the organisation’s high safety expectations. It knew change was needed.
The first step was to review and evaluate safety programmes and tools. Were they still effective? Did they still have a purpose? Mendenhall explains that the organisation realised its tools were fine, but they had become less effective for identifying, evaluating and mitigating workplace hazards. Modifications that the organisation had made during the pandemic and the lack of face-to-face interaction had taken a toll.
In 2022, the organisation focused on going back to the basics. It helped its employees understand how to use the existing safety tools and programmes effectively. It provided focused topics for each tool, detailing its purpose and use. It reset the organisation, ensuring everyone was aligned and understood what ‘good’ looks like.
Whilst focusing on the basic skills helped practice safety culture across the organisation, it didn’t prevent injuries. The organisation realised that being good wasn’t enough, and that it needed to challenge themselves to be better; to be elite.
In 2023, Marathon Petroleum Terminal Organisation launched Elite Safety Leadership (ESL), a continuum journey focused on people development, processes and tools. In ESL, every
employee is regarded as a safety leader with ownership and influence over their actions and those they lead or influence. The continuum features a scale measuring ‘basic’, ‘what good looks like’, ‘elite’, and ‘mentoring elite in others’, with each skill set facilitating a step change from the previous one.
• Basic skills: The minimum requirement and expectation for each safety tool.
• What good looks like: Additional behaviours and competencies that elevate the use of each safety tool.
• I am an Elite Safety Leader: Even stronger behaviours and competencies are emphasised to achieve the ideal use and effectiveness of each safety tool.
• Mentoring elite in others: Employees reach a point where they can mentor others.
The company started by engaging its leaders, outlining a journey to connect the organisation with two focus areas:
• Performance: Mastering existing programmes, tools and applications that will take employees from ‘good’ to ‘elite’.
• People: Focusing on competencies and behaviours to develop skills to take ‘good leaders’ to ‘elite leaders’.
When Marathon Petroleum started ESL, many of its employees were already safety leaders. However, none were where they needed to be.
The organisation started the rollout of ESL to its team with a message from its senior leader to all employees. The expectations were clear: the company needs to do more as an organisation, and that every employee needs to personally commit to safety, being a leader, and becoming elite.
The organisation followed with a cascaded message, sharing the continuum and asking employees to reflect and assess themselves. Where would you benchmark yourself? If I’m not meeting the bar for what good looks like, how can I grow? How can I get better at where I am to be an elite safety leader? Who could I mentor and bring along with me?
The organisation used its monthly sequential safety meeting (SSM) as an example of what good looks like, and through the journey, people leaders and employees can embrace the skills, competencies and behaviours to develop into elite safety leaders. It was the perfect tool to begin with, as everyone in the Temrinals organisation participates in these monthly meetings.
Since the initial launch in 2023, Marathon Petroleum’s Terminals organisation has continued to use SSMs to discuss the unique behaviours, skills, and competencies for its other safety tools. The organisation continue to ask its employees to assess their current abilities and challenges them to make one or more improvements to advance their journey on the continuum. This approach provides open conversation, sharing
and learning among all employees. The meetings are more engaging, and the employees are more connected.
Since its launch, Marathon’s Terminal employees have embraced their journey toward elite safety leadership, resulting in a cultural shift that has led to a high level of engagement. An early success was with Marathon Petroleum’s Big 3 card, which helped it work safely through hazard identification and mitigation. This tool is used in either a group setting or individually before starting a task. The following three questions are asked:
• What am I about to do? (Reviews the task at hand)
• How could I get hurt? (Identifies the hazards that could hurt you or someone else)
• How am I going to prevent injury? (Brainstorm ways to eliminate or mitigate each hazard)
Documentation of responses to these questions is encouraged to assist with planning, acting, and sharing with other employees.
Earlier in the organisation’s journey, during its monthly SSMs, groups discussed what being good and elite looks like. Soon after, employees and facilities began sharing examples of how they were elite using the Big 3.
Since starting ESL, the organisation has seen an increased use of the Big 3 card. Groups have been creative, incentivising the use of the cards and driving growth. One employee, who was at the level of mentoring elite in others, recorded a testimonial video demonstrating the use of the card and additional hazard recognition suggestions.
Another success has been with AWARE (Analysing Ways Around Risky Events), the organisation behaviour-based safety programme that encourages employees
to have peer-to-peer discussions. Leaders are more engaged in AWARE from a support perspective. The steering team has evolved to take greater ownership, focused observers are incorporating AWARE into their daily routines, and its field teammates have enhanced their hazard recognition skills by seeking out wins and being more receptive to the insights provided by risk data.
The results are a record number of peer-topeer interactions focused on behaviours during work tasks. These discussions reinforce positive behaviours and identify opportunities for improvement. Equally important is closing action items from conversations and implementing ideas, which have also improved.
The images above are examples of the evolution of ESL and AWARE at a facility. Through the efforts of a steering team member working with the facility leader and focused observers, employees are actively looking for hazards to reduce exposure. Using their AWARE observations to assist with behaviours associated with exposures, they improved hazard recognition through observations. Operators identified the hazard of walking over a steam blowdown line and installed a walkover path, and a significant step down and added red striping for better hazard awareness.
Through ESL, employee interactions have evolved, and ownership in reducing at-risk conditions and behaviours have increased. Leaders like ESL because the organisation is not creating new safety tools, but reinforcing existing ones, providing opportunities to discuss best practices, exploring clear examples and gaining commitment to improvement.
Marathon Petroleum’s Terminal organisation takes the time to celebrate its wins. Recognition is a central part of its cultural journey to reinforce what it believes is important.
Workgroups are encouraged to recognise and reward teams for utilising elite safety tools. For example, many of Marathon’s terminal locations have large jars where employees are encouraged to submit their filled-out Big 3 cards. When the jar is full, employees receive a free team meal.
Employees who demonstrate their commitment to advancing along the continuum or individuals who consistently demonstrate Elite Safety Leadership are awarded ESL challenge coins. Leaders often present an employee with a coin in front of other team members to recognise the desired behaviour.
Beyond the results, the real difference is the dialogue, ownership, and passion that resonate in the company’s employees across all its assets. It resonates with contractors, visitors, and customers who frequent its facilities.
The organisation’s journey isn’t over, and it continues to foster and grow its culture. Its message remains clear: there is nothing it needs to do that cannot be done safely. It takes all of the employees caring for each other, to build a team committed to being elite safety leaders.
For more information: www.marathonpetroleum.com
01 MPC’s terminals organisation’s OSHA recordable incident rate, measured per 200,000 worker hours
02 Stepdown striping to alert employees to a step
03 Example of a trip hazard on site
04 Mitigation of the hazard shown in Fig 03
Stephen Pepper, senior consultant for PFAS programmes at CTEH, explores ways for storage terminals to stay safe and compliant when managing firewater
THE MANAGEMENT of firewater is an essential and often neglected part of the overall industrial fire protection challenge, especially for facilities using aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) to extinguish flammable liquid fires. Operators of tank storage facilities are under increasing pressure to manage the risks of contamination to the soil and/or groundwater, as the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) are coming under greater regulatory scrutiny due to their persistence in environmental media and health concerns.
Yes, SFFF (synthetic fluorine-free foams) are a modern alternative to AFFF, but they do not change the need to have robust firewater management practice. Uncontrolled firefighting run-off, from either AFFF or SFFF, can lead to serious financial liabilities, including multimillion-dollar clean-up and remediation bills, fines, penalties and high costs to a company’s reputation.
This article, adapted from a presentation delivered at the LASTFIRE Symposium in Vernon, France, on 2 April 2025, proposes six strategic pillars for the effective management of firewater. These strategies not only give tank storage managers, and professionals in the field of fire protection, a framework to proactively combat PFAS pollutants, but also remediate any contamination and excellently transform to the challenges that the adoption of SFFFs brings forth.
Poor management of firewater incurs considerable cost and sustainability impacts. A single uncontrolled AFFF release has the potential of contaminating soil, groundwater and surface water with PFAS or ‘forever chemicals’ given their persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate in living organisms. The expense of cleaning up this type of contamination can be millions of dollars, along with fines, litigation costs and the loss of public trust in the organisation affected. SFFF, which is often marketed as an environmentally-friendly alternative, poses its own challenges.
Such adverse effects may also manifest as higher BOD and aquatic toxicity in surface water bodies, thereby adversely affecting the ecosystem.
For any facility where firefighting foams have been used, AFFF or SFFF, the absence of a total firewater management plan will eventually lead to the required remediation of these liabilities at some point in the future.
The foundation of any effective firewater management programme begins with an accurate and thorough inventory of all firefighting foam materials in use, both past and present, as well as future plans. Maintaining detailed records of historical AFFF usage, current inventories, and any plans for transitioning to SFFF is imperative. This clarity significantly reduces the risk of inadvertent PFAS releases and aids in ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. Key actions that can facilitate this process include tracking AFFF stocks and storage locations, quantifying residual
PFAS in equipment, and confirming the compatibility of SFFF with existing firefighting systems.
PFAS-free training foams need to be tracked to document fluorine-free product use in training. Purchasing policies should encourage the use of green foams, backed by training staff on correct use, handling and disposal instructions. This not only allows for ready-to-go responses in case of emergencies and audits but also aids in avoiding any future hiccups.
2 Analysing drainage & contamination pathways
A critical component in preventing offsite contamination is an understanding of how the firewater flows through the facility. Tank storage facilities must carefully map out stormwater drains, process wastewater systems, culverts and retention basins. It is important to model runoff scenarios so that we can find areas vulnerable to off-site contamination. Soil permeability, proximity to rivers or wetlands, and historical AFFF usage are critical to consider in this process. Facilities located near sensitive receptors like groundwater sources for drinking,
Proper firewater management is not merely a recommendation; it is a critical safety net designed to safeguard against potential environmental crisis and significant financial disasters. Operators must develop a robust plan without delay.
Update plans: Regularly revise firewater management strategies, incorporating lessons learned from past incidents and adapting to changes in regulations.
Train your teams: Integrate runoff containment and treatment protocols into emergency response drills, ensuring that all personnel are aware of their roles and responsibilities.
Invest wisely: Allocate resources effectively toward developing containment infrastructure and acquiring advanced treatment technologies such as GAC or IX.
Engage stakeholders: Build trust within the community and regulatory agencies through proactive dialogue and transparent reporting of activities and outcomes.
Monitor and assess: Continuously track environmental impacts and evaluate the hidden risks associated with SFFF adoption.
Collaborate: Work alongside industry peers and researchers to embrace innovations and meet emerging standards.
for example, should move to upgrade their containment systems first. These extensive studies can help to strengthen general firewater management plans by accounting for rainfall data and assessing aging infrastructure impact. Specific bottlenecks where runoff escapes can be identified and addressed with site specific improvement measures, thus avoiding significant liability, while also satisfying regulators that due diligence is being applied.
Once drainage hazards have been identified, containment strategies become the first line of defence against potential off-site impact. Secondary containment systems, which may consist of lined bund areas or retention ponds, must be evaluated to accommodate worst-case runoff volumes, including foam mixtures. Emergency berms, culvert blacks, or sluice gate valves can be readily installed at incident sites to redirect flows away from sensitive areas.
In many facilities, temporary storage plans need to be developed that may utilise empty permanent storage tanks or portable tanks to store firefighting runoff for treatment and disposal. These proactive measures play a vital role in preventing firefighting runoff from escaping containment, thereby protecting ecosystems and reducing cleanup costs.
Despite the many benefits offered by SFFF, the importance of effective containment strategies remains to prevent potential environmental impacts.
Environmental sampling provides valuable insights into offsite environmental risk for firewater runoff contamination. Baseline sampling conducted in soil, water, and sediment upstream and downstream of the outfalls prior to an incident establishes the levels of contamination present before a release occurs. Follow-up post-incident sampling is essential for identifying any environmental impacts above background due to discharges from outfalls. If contamination persists undetected, long-term monitoring, especially in areas where legacy AFFF was previously used, is critical to ensure that contamination does not linger.
Facilities should conduct tests for a comprehensive range of PFAS compounds, including PFOA and PFOS, utilising approved methods (e.g. EPA Method 1633, ISO 21675). However, this requires partnerships with accredited laboratories and the establishment
of a robust data chain of custody to ensure the credibility of the results. Effective environmental sampling not only aids in remediation efforts but also demonstrates compliance with regulations, thereby fostering confidence among regulators and stakeholders.
Firewater runoff treatment and disposal are where environmental protection meets practical execution. Granular activated carbon (GAC) provides a viable adsorbent technology for runoff management and ion exchange (IX) systems hold strengths for highconcentration contaminant removal.
Emerging treatment technologies, like advanced oxidation or electrochemical treatments, hold potential but require extensive cost-benefit analyses and scalability evaluations. On-site treatment gives companies more control over the process, but comes with a huge capital outlay. On the other hand, off-site disposal can take advantage of existing facilities but can almost double the logistics costs.
In the United States, waste disposal methods (landfilling, incineration, deep well injection, etc.) are tightly regulated. It is necessary to conduct a detailed comparison of costs versus future liabilities to demonstrate that the chosen disposal method is effective but also sustainable, while avoiding long-term risks and liabilities.
Transparency is a fundamental component of building trust, making proactive communication with regulators and stakeholders essential. Engage with relevant agencies early in the process, providing detailed transition plans regarding AFFF and outlining runoff management strategies. Subsequent compliance reports should be authentic and supported by relevant sampling data.
Collaboration with local communities and environmental organisations concerning PFAS issues is vital, and demonstrating stewardship through outreach initiatives fosters goodwill. In the event of a fire incident, having a crisis communication plan in place is imperative. This includes designating trained spokespersons and creating a coherent message framework. Documenting every interaction and regularly publishing updates on ongoing efforts to address PFAS issues enhances credibility by reducing information asymmetry. Actively asking for feedback from stakeholders also allows for adaptive planning that aligns with evolving regulations and community expectations.
While SFFF lowers risks associated with PFAS, it brings forth a new set of problems. Some of these may involve ecological issues, for example harmful algal blooms or fish kills which could result from the ecotoxicity of the SFFF chemicals and more organic compounds contributing to elevated biological oxygen demand (BOD). This major stress on oxygen levels in aquatic environments is exacerbated by the high molecular weight and slow metabolizing speed for humic acids which make them extremely recalcitrant organic matter for microbes to break down. SFFF formulations may still contain persistent chemicals other than PFAS that pose hazards for life. The Green Screen for Safer Chemicals is an effective tool in helping to identify safer alternatives.
Existing fire suppression equipment must be carefully reviewed to prove compatibility, as the performance characteristics of SFFF may be different from that of traditional AFFF and require operational adjustments. The changing regulatory environment only adds to these complications. Standards can change a lot in different parts of the country. Long-term monitoring and working closely with suppliers are essential to fill in data gaps and live up to SFFF’s promise as an environmental product.
Firewater management is a long-term commitment and should not be treated as a one-off activity. For tank storage facilities, the stakes; environmental, financial, and reputational, are far too high to overlook. The six strategies outlined in this article serve as a comprehensive blueprint for not only containing AFFF runoff but also for remediating PFAS contamination and navigating the complexities associated with SFFF. Through thoughtful investments in planning, infrastructure, and communication, operators can effectively safeguard their sites, lessen the burden of regulatory compliance, and emerge as responsible stewards of sustainability. Achieving long-term success will not result solely from a transition to SFFF but will depend on the implementation of robust firewater management practices.
For more information or to discuss firewater management strategies in detail, contact Stephen Pepper at spepper@cteh.com
Or connect with him on LinkedIn at www.linkedin.com/in/steve-pepper.
The experts at Cool Sorption examine the often-overlooked challenges marine terminals face when handling returned vapours from ships; that may contain residues from previous cargoes
MOST VAPOUR recovery units (VRUs) on fuel terminals for trucks benefit from consistently receiving vapours with a well-defined composition, typically sourced from known truck deliveries. However, this is often not the case at marine loading terminals. Unlike some crude oil operations where vessels are dedicated, most marine terminals receive vapours from a wide variety of carriers, each transporting a diverse range of products. These products fall into several broad categories:
• Light ends, common cargoes include gasoline (unleaded and premium grades), naphtha, and gas condensate
• Middle distillates, typically jet fuel (such as Jet A-1 and JP-5), kerosene, and ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD)
• Heavy ends include various grades of fuel oil such as very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO), high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO), and intermediate fuel oil 380 (IFO 380) as well as vacuum gas oil (VGO)
• Additives and biofuels often found in marine transport include ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters or FAME), and renewable diesel, commonly referred to as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO)
A vessel may also alternate between chemical cargoes and the products listed above. In such cases, it must follow a cargo compatibility matrix to ensure the next cargo is permitted, in order to avoid dangerous chemical reactions and quality degradation. When shifting
between incompatible cargoes, extensive tank cleaning, gas freeing, and wall wash tests are mandatory. But even with proper procedures, there is still a risk of incomplete cleaning or lingering vapours from prior chemical cargoes in the piping or VRU manifolds.
The ghost of previous cargoes is not the only potential source of unexpected elements in the vapours. Most seagoing cargoes are protected by inert gas, typically produced by inert gas engines. Different residues from this inert gas can also complicate and challenge vapour recovery or treatment systems. The most common residues from inert gas systems on ships include:
• Carbon monoxide (CO) produced by flue gases from inert gas generators or through incomplete combustion in ship engines
• Sulphur dioxide (SO 2) results from the combustion of HSFO
• Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are emitted from diesel exhaust or inert gas systems
• Water vapour (H 2 O) may enter the vapour stream through moisture from exhaust cooling or washing systems, tank washings, or flue gas
• Soot and particulates are usually caused by poor scrubbing of inert gas generators or from leaks in the exhaust system
• Heavy VOC carryover can occur from previous hot cargoes, such as VGO or fuel oil residue.
VRUs at marine loading terminals can face several operational challenges due to the variability and unpredictability of vapour compositions.
A common issue is high concentrations of methane and/or ethane from a previous cargo of gas condensate or similar light VOCs. Since no VRU captures methane effectively, this can increase emissions and expand hazardous zone classifications. These gases can also trigger false CO readings due to crosssensitivity on some instruments.
Another concern is connecting a VRU while loading fuel oil or similar products. Heavier VOCs (C10+) can clog or coat activated carbon beds, reducing efficiency, and may cause irreversible damage to membrane-based systems.
Residual chemical vapours like styrene, methanol, and phenol can result from
poor tank cleaning or gas freeing. Thin films or sludge from previous heavy chemicals may volatilise during the loading of lighter products, releasing unexpected heavy molecules into the vapour stream. Inert gas can carry contaminants like CO, NOx , SO2, mercaptans, soot, moisture, and particulates. Activated carbon VRUs are especially sensitive to sulphur compounds, while membrane systems are also affected by NO x , soot, particulates, and moisture. CO may also trigger false alarms on monitors.
While not exhaustive, the following offers proven recommendations for ensuring reliable VRU operation at marine terminals:
• Install a vapour line trap to prevent liquid from entering the VRU
• Ensure procedures exist to verify the previous cargo
• Ensure that clear procedures are present for when not to connect vapours to VRU (e.g. during fuel oil loading)
• Install an alternative to the VRU for products where odour, not VOCs, is the main concern
• Install Guard Bed with sacrificial sulphur-selective carbon upstream VRU
• Install a pre-absorber, a scrubber that removes unwanted substances before the VRU. Incorporating a chiller can further improve VRU performance
• Select suitable VRU technology, and consider an additional vapour treatment backup for vapours not suitable for VRU processing
• Make sure absorbent is well-managed to optimise VRU efficiency
• Ensure VRU performance and operational data are logged to track and learn from any upsets
For more information:
Visit the team on booth 1103 during ILTA on 9-11 June in Houston. Register via www.ilta2025.ilta.org
www.coolsorption.com
Cool Sorption is a member of the Diamond Key International group of companies. www.diamondkey.com
01 VRU in Navion Europe, Norway
02 A marine VRU in Lysekil, Sweden
40+ years of specialized vapor recovery with 300+ proven installations worldwide
Digital solutions optimizing efficiency and performance by 20-30%
Scalable VRU models for refined oil , crude oil , and selected chemicals
24/ 7 x 365 days of support with preventive maintenance services.
CONFERENCE &
9-12 SEPTEMBER 2025
MILAN, ITALY
Enjoy this first look at Gastech 2025 in Milan and how the conference is set to accelerate global energy security and innovation
GASTECH 2025, the world’s largest conference and exhibition for natural gas, LNG, hydrogen, climate technologies, and AI-powered solutions, will take place in Milan, Italy, from 9-12 September. As the industry navigates an evolving geopolitical and economic landscape, this agenda-setting event will gather and empower over 50,000 energy leaders – including C-suite executives, policymakers, pioneering innovators, and strategic investors – to build powerful alliances and accelerate a resilient, lowcarbon energy future.
50,000 Attendees
1,000 Exhibitors
The landmark conference and exhibition will unite more than 50,000 key energy stakeholders and 1,000 world-class speakers to ignite transformative innovation and facilitate new cross-sector partnerships – shaping the future of the global energy industry.
AI-driven decarbonisation, and scaling low-carbon infrastructure to meet COP30’s accountability demands. Against challenges like market instability and global supply chain pressures, the Conference’s four programmes – Strategic Leadership, AI::Energy, Climatetech, and Hydrogen – will champion the integral role of natural gas and innovation in shaping a resilient energy system that can withstand market shocks and power global economic growth.
and AI-enhanced CCUS systems. By aligning financiers, policymakers, and innovators around the potential of these nascent solutions, the event will tackle cost barriers and supply chain bottlenecks, converting breakthroughs into commercially viable products that facilitate energy security and decarbonisation at scale.
Join the world’s largest event for natural gas, LNG, hydrogen, climate technologies and AI.
1,000 Speakers 7,000 Delegates 150 Countries represented
Developed in collaboration with the Gastech Executive Committee, Knowledge Partner Wood Mackenzie, and Strategic Insights Partner BCG, the 2025 agenda will feature more than 50 sessions led by the industry’s most influential voices, including global ministers, CEOs, and policymakers.
Gastech 2025 will build on last year’s resounding success in Houston – which drew record-breaking attendance of 45,000+ professionals from 156 countries, generated $27M in economic impact, and showcased 800+ exhibitors across 20 national pavilions. From Texas’ energy leadership to Europe’s pursuit of improved energy security and decarbonisation, this edition in Milan reflects the industry’s expanding horizons and growing impact on the stability and prosperity of key global markets.
Join 1,000 exhibitors and connect directly with global procurement teams from EPCs and major energy companies driving LNG and energy infrastructure projects worldwide. Brought to you by
With a 53-year legacy of convening top decision-makers and enabling groundbreaking innovation, Gastech 2025 will be an essential platform for the energy value chain to address urgent challenges and seize promising opportunities, from decarbonisation and renewable intermittency to emerging AI solutions and sustainable technologies. Through dedicated platforms for cross-sector networking and knowledge sharing, the event will foster new industry partnerships and enable greater business development, advancing a collaborative and inclusive ecosystem that grows the natural gas sector and strengthens the wider energy system.
gastechevent.com @gastechevent #Gastech
With some key industry CEOs and energy ministers already confirmed as speakers, the Strategic Conference will showcase bold strategies and pioneering policies that are redefining sustainable growth and resilience across the natural gas sector and the wider energy landscape.
At the heart of Gastech’s ambitious mission is the Strategic Conference, which will take on 2025’s most pressing energy priorities: securing energy supply amid geopolitical volatility, accelerating
Gastech 2025 will also offer an exclusive opportunity to showcase and scale game-changing innovations – including AI-powered methane abatement tools and modular hydrogen electrolysers –that are driving the energy transformation forward. Featuring high-profile exhibitors, distinguished technical experts, and ascending entrepreneurs, the event will serve as the scaling engine for the modern energy economy, as it equips stakeholders with ready-to-deploy technologies such as AI copilots for LNG terminal design, blockchainenabled carbon trading platforms,
As the global energy industry faces the historic task of balancing urgent climate imperatives with the growing demand for secure and affordable power, Gastech 2025 stands as the definitive platform for unified action. Against the backdrop of Italy’s ambitious energy agenda and Europe’s accelerating transformation, the 53rd edition will bring together the entire global value chain – from AI innovators and hydrogen pioneers to policymakers and investors – to shape the future of energy with clarity and purpose.
For more information:
Gastech will take place at the Fiera Milano, Italy, from 9-12 September 2025. Visit the team at Tank Storage Magazine’s booth, and be sure to pick up a free copy of our next edition.
www.gastechevent.com
Tank Storage Magazine reflects on the key learnings from another hugely successful StocExpo
professionals descended on Rotterdam on 11 & 12 March for StocExpo’s milestone 20th edition. Held during a pivotal time for the global energy sector, StocExpo 2025 delivered an expanded programme featuring brand new conference streams, live technology demonstrations, and exclusive networking opportunities. From alternative fuels to digital transformation and decarbonisation, the event demonstrated the industry’s growing role in shaping the future of energy infrastructure.
‘We are meeting at a time of great change,’ remarked Bruno Hayem, chairman of the Federation of European Tank Storage Associations (FETSA), at the opening of the FETSA Tank Storage Conference. ‘Storage plays a vital role in both energy security and the energy transition. Innovation is not just a challenge – it’s a responsibility.’
The overarching theme of the event was celebrating StocExpo’s 20th edition – and innovation played a huge part in this. From content focusing on the future of storage, to exhibitors literally demonstrating their innovations on the show floor, there was no shortage of new learnings.
One key addition to StocExpo’s exhibition was the Sprint Robotics Demo Zone, where an array of drones, crawlers,
and robotic tank inspection systems wowed visitors with their potential to enhance safety and efficiency. This kind of innovation was complemented by panel sessions at the FETSA Tank Storage Conference, looking at the future of terminal operations in the context of advancing technology.
Global collaboration was another key theme, and StocExpo 2025 brought not only visitors from all around the world, but exhibitors too. The introduction of the brand-new North American Pavilion was an excellent chance for visitors and exhibitors to make connections with companies they might not usually get to meet. With visitors attending from over 65 countries, including as far-flung as Brazil, India and Australia, StocExpo was the perfect platform to share new innovations and ideas on how to make the terminals industry safer, more efficient, and get prepared for the energy transition.
Once again, Tank Storage Magazine collaborated with FETSA to curate the prestigious FETSA Tank Storage Conference for free – and the insights on this stage was just as valuable as ever. In line with StocExpo’s milestone edition, the conference had an overarching theme of progress – reflecting on the last 20 years. This began with a look at the current market status, with an update from the European Commission’s Antony
LaGrange, and a report from Energex Partners on the role of storage in light of new EU policy. The key challenges identified were around security of supply and financing the energy transition, whilst still ensuring each region meets its emissions and carbon reductions targets.
Energex’s Jason Rajah explored four key areas where bulk storage would be an important enabler for the energy transition: balancing the market, existing know-how, diverse customer base and security of supply. However, these areas need to be balanced against the main policy challenges.
‘Europe is increasingly reliant on imports for core products, and will be reliant on imports for green products, increasing the strategic importance on storage and distribution with existing infrastructure and logistics,’ explained Rajah. But he also maintained that storage terminals are a key part of that supply security – the strategic storage will just need to include new products, not just crude.
Meanwhile, various EU targets and regulations are increasing the cost of carbon emissions – so customers in terminals will need to invest to fulfil their own green strategies. But Rajah also predicted that ‘bulk liquids storage will not take price risk and will require partners/ investors.’ With so many questions on policy, RoI and market speculation, this will be a tricky area to navigate.
LaGrange presented the European Commission’s 2025 work programme,
with the Action Plan for Affordable Energy cited as the first deliverable. While the main benefits seemed to be for consumers, there was a clear focus on energy security and market stability – and how this can benefit and impact storage terminals. LaGrange also explained that a new regulatory framework would be developed to address emerging threats to energy security; incorporate lessons learnt from the energy crisis and; address climate change impacts on energy infrastructure.
With uncertainty, market speculation and investment challenges being cited as key barriers for the energy transition, Etasca’s Andrew Inglis took to the FETSA Tank Storage Conference on day two to examine how market dynamics in Europe and across the world would impact the investment considerations for bulk liquid storage terminals. He suggested that the world has now reached ‘peak oil’ and that the product mix will continue changing towards sectors that are harder to electrify – supported by ambitious targets in the EU to reduce fossil fuel usage.
While this has meant a faster decline in hydrocarbon demand than in other regions, Inglis highlighted that there are still multiple opportunities for the energy transition due to the various products and feedstocks involved. Still, investors need to see a credible sustainability angle – so terminals still have work to do to explain how low carbon products will be viable. Inglis then further built on these reflections, moderating a panel with Tony Quinn (Prostar Capital/Fujairah Oil Terminal) and Rudi Stalmans (ener8), discussing the energy transition opportunities across different geographies. The panel’s expertise covered Europe, Asia, the Middle East and US markets, so attendees were able to get a broader picture of which fuels each region might be focusing on.
Global collaboration is always a key cornerstone of StocExpo, but the theme of progress took centre-stage this year –quite literally. Bringing together experts from terminals and suppliers, StocExpo facilitated discussions about how far the terminals industry has come in terms of emissions controls, safety on site, digital technologies and in DEI.
Experts from VTTI, Stolthaven, Tepsa, Advario, Vopak, Dow and other major terminal companies joined various discussions on how far terminals have advanced – and how far there is still to go. The terminal safety panel, featuring experts from Ageo Terminals, Odfjell South America, Dow and Gizil explored the lessons learned from the
‘Storage plays a vital role in both energy security and the energy transition. Innovation is not just a challenge – it’s a responsibility.’
UK’s Buncefield disaster – 20 years ago – and looked at how digitalisation is transforming safe operations on site.
The emissions panel, led by Ellen Daniels, CEO at British Compressed Gases Association and featuring experts from Shell, VTTI and Vopak focused heavily on the costs of emissions reductions, and terminals’ appetite to be more sustainable. Peter Kerkhof, director & technical consultant at EEMUA & Shell, suggested that a lot of the technologies that are being using to keep emissions in check have been around for the last 20 years of, but there is now a greater need to use them.
Kerkhof was a strong believer in net zero emissions, while his co-panellists, Willem van der Zon, environmental director at Vopak and Margit Blok, senior vice president for safety & sustainability at VTTI, were more sceptical. ‘Zero isn’t feasible; there will always be emissions,’ said van der Zon. ‘What we need to ensure is that there is no impact of these emissions.’ Despite their difference in opinions, though, the panel ended on a positive note.
Positivity and the impact of actions was also the key theme of StocExpo’s 5th ever Women in Tanks panel, featuring Laetitia Dumarey (LBC Tank Terminals), Marta Mieres Barcena (Honeywell), Roos Wolfensberger (Liquin) and Sandra De Mey (North Sea Port). The four women exchanged stories of being uplifted and mentored by colleagues, with an optimistic tone for the future of women in this male-dominated industry.
The key to equality for women, they all agreed, is to ensure men are empowered to support their partners in parenting and household duties. This is something that can be achieved through flexitime for both male and female coworkers, as well as ensuring that women are not automatically seen as the ‘default’ parent or caregiver. They all agreed that the onus is on both the company and individuals to facilitate this – so we hope to come back next year, with tangible results from solutions and schemes put in place by our readers.
Supported by StocExpo’s official sustainability partner, LBC Tank Terminals, the Future Fuels Stage was full of fruitful discussions. The role of alternative fuels was the lead topic on day one, with panels exploring the role biofuels and other alternative energies, as well as the general market appetite. Amit Rao, principal consultant at S&P Global, looked at how Europe specifically has put clean energy high on its agenda.
‘Tanks are the backbone of the energy supply chain in Europe,’ he said. ‘The industry is predominantly dominated by oil, fuel and chemicals. If we don’t adapt, we risk being left behind. If we overinvest in expensive alternatives, we could invest in our own bankruptcy.’
Rao looked at both biofuels – specifically SAF – as well as bunker fuels – methanol, hydrogen and ammonia – which he said will both play their part going forward, although the cost for these is expected to remain high.
‘The industry is currently walking on a tightrope with a big stick in our hand,’ Rao explained. ‘If we invest too far in the energy transition, or choose a specific infrastructure for alternative fuels without the correct financing, we will tip over. But we will tip the other way if we purely maintain or expand our current legacy infrastructure. It is a balancing act that we need to get right.’
He later participated in a panel discussion with BP’s Eugenia Pocoroba and Matt Wilson from Navigator Terminals about the role of hydrogen in the upcoming
energy transition. Wilson was a big supporter of carbon capture and hydrogen strategies, while Pocoroba explained that BP was more reserved in its renewables targets – having significantly scaled back on green projects in the last year. ‘Decarbonising refinery fuel is essential, and low-carbon hydrogen provides a clear pathway,’ she said. However, she acknowledged the formidable hurdles. ‘The technical and financial challenges remain substantial, but the opportunity for emissions reduction is undeniable.’
Investor hesitation is another factor slowing progress. Pocoroba pointed out that traditional investors are reluctant to engage in projects with long payback periods. Instead, attendees heard how government intervention has played a decisive role in advancing early-stage projects – especially in the UK. Wilson explained that government-backed competition frameworks have helped de-risk investments. ‘By aligning the entire value chain, these initiatives have made projects more viable. Future developments will build on this foundation.’
Investment is only one piece of the puzzle though – as was explained in a later panel looking at the opportunities in the SAF market. Roberto Galimberti (Advario), Siegfried Knecht (Airbus) and Victoire Crespel (Transavia) discussed the growing demand for SAF and how this is being driven by clear and concrete regulations. Gamliberti was able to provide the perspective from storage terminals, particularly in relation to investing in the right infrastructure. Later, Bora Bariman from Hormuz Straits Partnership explored these investments further, stating that experienced terminal operators would be well-placed to rise to the challenge.
‘For the hydrogen producer and the storage terminal, credit quality of the customer is key to financing sustainable fuel,’ explained Bariman. ‘Hydrogen consumers will usually have strong credit ratings. Therefore, offtake agreement will enhance to bankability of supply, storage, and logistics infrastructure. Investors want to understand the end-to-end economic viability before committing to long term offtake.’
StocExpo 2025 was a year of ‘firsts’ with a this forward-looking conference stage, thanks to a brand-new partnership with Association NH3 Event to deliver the Clean Ammonia Storage Conference on day two of the show. This exciting new addition cements StocExpo’s clear commitment to spearheading and facilitating the energy transition.
The sessions started with a potentially bleak outlook on the ammonia market, presented by Patrick Kulsen from Insights Global. The current ammonia tank capacity worldwide looks to be around 1.35 million m³, with most existing terminals found in the US Midwest, used for local fertiliser production. Other locations are more spread out, since the transshipment and storage of ammonia in external terminals is less common – but most of this storage capacity is in Europe.
‘Various projects are in place for export and import of ammonia, although various projects have no FID, estimated capacity or start date in place,’ said Kulsen. ‘It is expected that some assets will become operational from 2026 onwards to the end of the decade, with total storage capacity exceeding 0.9 million m³ (based on 2025 assumptions).’ But Kulsen explained that there are big challenges for green hydrogen and ammonia, with big gaps between ambition and implementation. ‘And the outlook doesn’t seem to be getting better,’ remarked Kulsen, citing Trump’s withdrawal from the Paris agreement, and the EU’s decision to rearm – suggesting that resources and funding will be funnelled elsewhere. But while other speakers in the Clean Ammonia Storage Conference agreed there were challenges, there was also optimism throughout the day. Howden
‘Over 20 years, we’ve seen the tank storage sector evolve dramatically – and this year’s show proved that we are ready to lead in the energy transition.’
05
and Stamicarbon were among the technology providers able to showcase how their solutions can support ammonia storage and production, while LBC Tank Terminals’ Radbound Godron explained how the Vlissingen terminal is becoming a true hub for ammonia and green hydrogen.
Monique Berrevoets from Antea Group explored the ammonia market status further, citing a 2023 report from the World Bank: ‘[It] forecasts that 40 million tonnes per year of clean hydrogen production will be operating by 2030, requiring some $2 trillion in investment.’ Her overall outlook was optimistic, but she tackled a key challenge – public perception and safety. She explored the importance of communicating effectively and clearly, whilst also highlighting the PGS-12 regulations as a huge stepping stone to safer ammonia storage.
These regulations were discussed in detail by senior Vopak engineer, Martin Reuvers, one of the working-group members to help develop PGS-12 regulations. He explored different tank design options to mitigate against increased stress corrosion or fire risks, while encouraging the audience to get involved with giving feedback to the working group. It was also key to note that PGS-12 has been developed specifically for the Netherlands, where import terminals will be built in densely populated areas – so while it may be a good starting point for other countries to adapt their own regulations, there are other considerations to factor in.
Reuvers’ main takeaway was this: ‘The fertilizer industry has been storing and transporting ammonia for many decades in a safe way. The main risks come with the upscaling of the supply chain of ammonia as an energy carrier. In this case, ammonia can no longer be
regarded as a specialty chemical, but as a commodity chemical.’
StocExpo has widely been considered Europe’s leading event for the terminals industry, with the last 20 editions developing from oil and gas, into biofuels, ammonia, and towards hydrogen.
Uniting storage terminal facilities from all over the world, StocExpo once again brought together visitors and exhibitors committed to driving progress in tank storage and playing a crucial role in the energy transition.
With two stages packed with insightful discussion, and a show floor full of new innovations and trusted exhibitors, StocExpo is the industry’s key meeting place – and also offered immense networking opportunities across three days. Before the official show began, a selection of visitors were able to visit Liquin’s Botlek terminal, and then network together while celebrating excellence at the Global Tank Storage Awards. Plus, while on site, there were plenty of networking drinks, parties and lunch opportunities – not to mention the celebration of StocExpo’s Forty Under 40; a true celebration of young rising talent in the terminals industry.
‘Over 20 years, we’ve seen the tank storage sector evolve dramatically – and this year’s show proved that we are ready to lead in the energy transition,’ said event director, Sophie McKimm. ‘Now is the time to stay close to our community, and I invite you all to share feedback with our team so that we can continue to represent the voices of the bulk liquid storage sector into 2026.’
For more information:
Register your interest for StocExpo’s 2026 event at www.stocexpo.com
Missed the conference sessions? Watch them back on our website www. tankstorage.com/stocexpo-on-demand
Contact Sophie McKimm to share your thoughts on the event at sophie.mckimm@easyfairs.com
01 StocExpo’s networking bar was packed to the brim during post-event drinks on day one
02 Delegates listen carefully in the FETSA Tank Storage Conference
03 Tank Storage Magazine once again hosts a successful Women in Tanks networking session
04 Visitors enjoy the new Tank Storage Magazine photobooth on site
05 Tank Storage Magazine once again hosts a successful Women in Tanks networking session
returned to the Olympia Exhibition Centre in London, UK, on 29 & 30 April, featuring an impressive range of panel discussions, exhibitors, networking opportunities and award ceremonies; all showcasing a range of innovation across industries looking to reach net zero goals. The event welcomed thousands of the UK’s most influential energy policy and business decision-makers leading the energy transition to discuss how different stakeholders and sectors can best collaborate to tackle the challenge of climate change.
In her opening address, Dr Rhian-Mari Thomas OBE, co-chair of Innovation Zero World and CEO of the Green Finance Institute, described the event as ‘a two-day celebration of possibility’ highlighting the importance of the power of finance to ‘challenge all our critics and channel greater investment in naturebased markets.’
Speakers also touched on the leading role the UK is set to play in the road to net zero. While in conversation with Thomas, Rachel Kyte, UK special representative for Climate at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), noted that ‘the UK has something the rest of the world needs. We have innovation, leadership and we are making progress.’
Investment was recognised accross the conference and exhibition as a key indicator for unlocking innovation and cross-sector collaboration. In terms of particular solutions to invest in, many of the speakers touched on the central role electrification will play in moving towards a low carbon economy.
In her presentation of the seventh carbon budget, Emma Pinchbeck, CEO of the Climate Change Committee, argued that we are currently ‘in the age of electricity, and the UK is at the vanguard of what an electrified economy looks like.’
Policy and decision makers speaking at the event agreed that coupling electrification and decarbonisation is central to the transition towards net zero. In a roundtable discussion, Chris Stark, head of UK’s Mission for Clean Power, highlighted how the UK government is
taking bold steps to meet clean power goals by radically reforming the grid connections queue.
Innovative approaches to the climate challenge have been emerging and there was widespread agreement that digitalisation and AI will play a key role in transforming the energy system.
Combining many of the key themes of the day, Greg Jackson, CEO of Octopus Energy, said: ‘We have only just scratched the surface of what we can do with technology and energy. We need to be more ambitious and work in partnership with other companies in our space. Electrification is key. Just a fraction more investment in this area would make a difference. Invest in innovation and put customers first!’
New technologies and their challenges were echoed on day two with the subject of carbon capture and storage (CCUS). Amongst the panel was Alex Milward, director of CCUS at DESNZ, Breanne O’Reilly, COO at International CCS Knowledge Centre, Ralf Rank, CEO and co-founder at Reinova and Tom Wheeler, director of operations at North Sea Transition Authority. The panellists agreed that whilst CCUS can be expensive, prevention is cheaper than cure in the eyes of a net zero world. They
suggested that investment into CCUS could have very positive long term affects.
Towards the end of day two of the conference, Paul Leddie, director of procurement at SSEN Transmission commented on retaining a net zero workforce. ‘The industry needs to ensure it is encouraging collaboration between the work force and the supply chain.’
Reiterating this, Sarah Mukherjee, CEO of IEMA added: ‘We shouldn’t expect the government to do everything we need to work out how to support young talent in the sector independently.’ Both Mukherjee and Leddie made it clear that in order to attract and retain new talent to the industry, close collaboration with government bodies, as well as companies partnering with schools, universities and colleges, is key.
For more information:
Innovation Zero World is returning to Olympia London on 28 & 29 April 2026. www.innovationzero.com
Tank Storage Magazine looks back at another successful and insightful International Energy Week in London, UK
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY Week returned to London (UK) at a brandnew venue on 24-26 February. Hosted for the first time at the QEII Centre, the event brought together industry leaders and experts from all over the globe to discuss workable steps towards a cleaner, and more renewable planet, whilst evaluating the complexities of the energy transition. This year’s theme of ‘Navigating the World’s Energy Transitions’ explored the global challenge of maintaining reliable energy systems while meeting net zero commitments. The three-day conference explored strategy, business development, and technological innovation, in regards to the global energy landscape, and discussed once-in-a-generation energy transition opportunities.
Amongst many of the recognisable faces who attended IE Week, was TotalEnergies CEO Patrick Pouyanné, who commented that he ‘will not denounce oil and gas.’
In a conversation with Sandra SancierSultan, senior partner at McKinsey, Pouyanné added that while net zero might be an impossible dream, the energy sector needs to apply the successful fundamentals from the oil and gas industry, into electricity.
He also emphasised the importance of energy diversification. ‘Natural gas, hydrogen, and renewables all have a role to play in this transition. The key is flexibility – being able to shift between sources depending on demand and availability,’ he said.
As government policies begin to shift towards strict carbon reduction mandates, compliance requirements are to become increasingly complex. Speakers at IE Week urged the industry to stay ahead of regulatory developments. This was not just to ensure that they can avoid penalties, but to unlock new funding opportunities for sustainable projects.
Maria Nochevnik, hydrogen task force expert at the UN Economic Commission for Europe, Fabian Zeigler, CEO at DCC Energy, Lara Naqushbandi, CEO for ETFuels and Clare Harris, executive director at Power2X all came together to
discuss emerging low carbon fuels, and the challenges they bring. Harris noted that sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has some of the strongest mandates the industry has ever seen, and that whilst aviation only actually contributes to 2% of global emissions, it is the fastest growing transport sector. She added: ‘This means that by 2050, the aviation industry will be responsible for 4-5% of emissions, meaning that the introduction of SAF is crucial.’
Looking to the initial steps that policy makers can take, Harris explained that simplicity will be key for the industry. ‘As hard as it can be, we need to ensure policies for new carbon fuels are as simple as possible.’ She continued that, whilst there are a range of benefits to FuelEU Maritime, it is a struggle to explain how it works. In contrast, the Inflation Reduction Act is simple to model, and has resulted in billions of dollars’ worth of investments.
Dev Sanyal, CEO of VARO Energy spoke about the energy transition within Europe. He noted that technology will always move faster than governments, meaning that innovation is key to accelerating the energy transition. But he suggested governments need to do more to keep up and support the industry, in order for regulations to not fall behind. Using VARO’s own sustainability goals as an example, Sanyal highlighted the need for infrastructure as critical for the next decade. VARO aims to build infrastructure
for 7% of Europe’s SAF needs, contributing to the concept of Europe as an energy hub.
From the technology side, carbon capture is set to be an important factor. With 70x the amount of trees on earth today needed to decarbonise Asia alone, the panel focusing on this region concluded that CCUS is key in here, as well as technology and data in order to better support the energy transition.
Across the globe, the energy transition seems to be moving at a slower pace than intially hoped for. At present, Europe is the only region where oil demand is expected to decline in 2025. China looks to be leading global demand growth for oil, however the focus will shift to petrochemicals as transport fuels combined are in decline.
There is also a wide range of potential impacts on oil demand, depending on the nature and scale of tariffs which could be imposed by the US on its trading partners, after Trump’s re-election. However, the speakers did agree that Trump in office will not change Asia’s commitment to the energy transition.
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