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MANAGEMENT
Management Accountant: Deidre Musha Business Manager: Lodewyk van der Walt General Manager, Magazines: Jocelyne Bayer
WHOSE PLANET IS IT ANYWAY?
Irecently watched a couple of episodes of Our Planet, the Net ix nature documentary series presented by that most eminent of narrators, Sir David Attenborough, and I was struck by two things.
Firstly, it’s impossible not to be gobsmacked by the scenes these documentary wizards manage to create – every shot that captures an impossible moment is both the triumph of planning and patience and a work of art.
Secondly, I nd myself re ecting on the changing tone of Attenborough’s narration over the many years I’ve listened to his voice, both comforting and full of authority. Where once such documentaries were simply full of astonishment at the natural wonders existing around us – increasingly pushed to the fringes of our lives – now every excerpt carries a sober warning about the dangers these wonders face. Our comfort food now comes with a health warning: we have consumed too much and continue to consume too much of this world and the plants and animals that ll it with life and balance its delicate ecosystems are paying the price.
For so long that price was abstract, something that befell those species below us on the food chain (in other words, everything), but now humans are feeling it too, and the consequences are multiplying at terrifying pace.
Producing a magazine such as this one thus feels necessary, but also like holding up a dam wall with a matchstick. Sustainability cannot be an ancillary consideration in our lives; every one of us needs to rethink the assumptions upon which our lives are built – and change them. Because, ultimately, it’s not just our planet after all.
Anthony Sharpe EDITOR
COPYRIGHT: Picasso Headline. No portion of this magazine may be reproduced in any form without written consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for unsolicited material. GREEN is published by Picasso Headline. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of Picasso Headline. All advertisements/advertorials have been paid for and therefore do not carry any endorsement by the publisher.
Contents
5
AGRICULTURE
Much can be learned from indigenous knowledge systems that hinge on a reciprocal relationship with nature.
8
SUSTAINABILITY
The facts and gures of sustainability in South Africa.
20 HOME
Small changes in the home are an easy way to live a little more sustainably.
21
PROPERTY
Green leasing can help landlords and tenants collaborate to reduce the environmental impact of buildings.
24 TRANSPORT
They account for more than 10 per cent of the country’s carbon emissions, so how can we make our transport habits greener?
28 ECOLOGY
SPECIAL REPORTS: Green Hotels: read more on page 11 Metrology: read more on page 47
Biological interventions offer a sustainable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of controlling invasive plants.
29 CONSERVATION
A new nature reserve in the Soutpansberg Mountains contributes to South Africa’s conservation commitments.
33 ENERGY
Biogas offers a promising opportunity to create energy from waste, but it’s not a silver bullet.
39 PACKAGING
The most viable innovation in making packaging more sustainable is to work in harmony with nature.
Everything old is new again
Whether you call it environmental ubuntu or holistic ecology, there’s much to be learned from indigenous knowledge systems that have for centuries hinged on a reciprocal relationship with nature, writes KEITH BAIN
You might know him as Farmer Angus, a small-scale agricultural crusader whose meat, eggs, bone broth and collagen possibly form part of your regular grocery haul. If so, you’re part of a minuscule minority who’ve tasted the difference in meat that Angus McIntosh – a former London-based Goldman Sachs investment banker – rears. McIntosh reckons he’s spent the last 20 years unlearning everything he was taught about food during the rst 30.
When he started farming his parcel of land near Stellenbosch in 2008, McIntosh saw rst-hand the rami cations of what he calls monoculture agriculture, a mode of farming he believes goes against nature’s design. “The only way monocrops are kept alive is through a toxic combination of arti cial fertilisers, herbicides, pesticides, fungicides and larvicides. They’re poisons that kill everything in the soil.”
What he’s learned in the intervening years is that there’s an alternative: agricultural practices that hark back to more traditional techniques and that continue to y under the radar for most South Africans who rely on supermarket produce that’s largely the result of industrial-scale farming.
McIntosh, by contrast, doesn’t use chemical fertilisers,
SIMPLE SUSTAINABILITY
Many Zulu crop farmers in KwaZulu-Natal are managing to resist using chemical pesticides by relying on age-old methods of plant-based pest control, such as planting marigolds and wild garlic – natural bug-repellants – with their crops. These farmers also save and exchange indigenous seeds of drought-resistant crops like sorghum, millet and African leafy vegetables (morogo, amaranth) to promote genetic diversity and ensure food security.
doesn’t keep living creatures in factory-style con nement centres and doesn’t inoculate his cows with antibiotics. He simply allows his animals to do their thing.
His hens live in large mobile homes that are moved so they forage different patches of land each day. His pigs are raised out in the
open, allowed to snuf e around and do what pigs like to do. His cattle are moved between pastures, so they spread their manure across different patches of land, fertilising the ground by trampling their excrement back into the ground. This natural composting produces a biodynamic loop that improves soil health and increases the ground’s water-carrying capacity by sequestering carbon into the earth.
His was the rst farm in the world to be paid carbon credits for restoring carbon to the soil in the pastures where his beef cattle graze.
“If every farm in the country pulled as much carbon into its soils annually as we do, then South Africa would absorb three times more CO2 than we emit as a nation,” McIntosh says.
“It’s entirely possible to address climate change using regenerative agriculture.”
GENERATION REGENERATION
Having adopted this so-called “regenerative” approach and witnessed the results rst-hand, McIntosh is borderline evangelical, radically outspoken about the massive changes he
“THE ONLY WAY MONOCROPS ARE KEPT ALIVE IS THROUGH A TOXIC COMBINATION OF ARTIFICIAL FERTILISERS, HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES, FUNGICIDES AND LARVICIDES. THEY’RE POISONS THAT KILL EVERYTHING IN THE SOIL.” – ANGUS MCINTOSH
Angus McIntosh
believes are necessary in food production for both human and ecological health.
McIntosh says he will continue speaking out for the cause of bringing back common-sense farming methods that tap into precisely what our ancient forebears knew about taking care of the land so that it takes care of us. He believes a return to traditional practices of pasture rotation and ancient wisdom that worked in tandem with nature rather than against it, is crucial if the dangerous human co-dependency on chemical farming is to be disrupted.
Regenerative farming essentially falls into a broader category of thinking about sustainable land use that, within the indigenous cultural framework, is also called agroecology. Essentially, it’s the combining of traditional knowledge with science in an attempt to restore biodiversity and build more resilient food systems.
to indiscriminate use. Initially touted as part of Africa’s so-called Green Revolution, what these chemicals ultimately produced was a dependency on the same chemical fertilisers Tumuhe believes is the reason “the soil got sick in the rst place”.
Via AFSA, Tumuhe is spreading the word about the dangers of monocropping and overgrazing, promulgating the argument that chemical fertilisers have resulted in the degradation of around 65 per cent of Africa’s farmland.
“Agroecology is modern science that uses indigenous ways,” says Charles Tumuhe, healthy soil project of cer at the Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA), a pan-African coalition of civil society groups and farmers. “It’s about working with nature, not against it.”
Tumuhe is an outspoken activist against the impact of chemical fertilisers typically imported from Europe that he believes have poisoned vast swathes of the continent due
Fast fact
AFSA encourages farmers to replace chemical fertilisers with natural soil-enhancing composts such as bokashi – made from things like charcoal dust, rotten fruit and cow dung – as these organic constituents ferment, attract soil-nourishing micro-organisms that return crucial nutrients and micro-elements, such as zinc and iron, to the ground. This harks back to traditional methods of restoring vitality to the earth simply by allowing livestock to roam, spreading manure and trampling this back into the ground – a method in step with regenerative farming. Across the continent, small-scale farmers are proving that agroecology can reverse decades of degradation and even provide resilience and food security in the face of climate crisis. While largely a grassroots, community-farming movement, there’s potential for mainstream uptake as people seek to reclaim their
Indigenous and traditional ways of life have lessons that extend beyond agriculture, too. Many key wildlife conservation areas came into existence because of cultural practices stretching far back in time. In KwaZulu-Natal, for example, the wilderness area that today is called Imfolozi-Hluhluwe Game Reserve had its start thanks to Shaka Zulu declaring it a royal hunting ground. The idea was to reduce the hunting of wild animals, purportedly so the king could hunt unencumbered. However, the real payoff was that it ensured animals prospered within this large swathe of land, producing a system of sustained survival that has continued to this day.
AGROECOLOGY
IS MODERN SCIENCE THAT USES INDIGENOUS WAYS.”
–CHARLES TUMUHE
DECOLONISING THINKING ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY
A common misconception is that indigenous (often erroneously labelled “primitive”) cultures and communities require the assistance of contemporary Western systems for handouts, guidance, assistance or education. This is a colonial mentality that ignores the precolonial existence of sustainable systems of working co-operatively with the environment.
Agroecology, for example, taps into a spirit of harnessing local (and traditionally generationally inherited) knowledge that promotes sustainable land management techniques such as rotational grazing, water conservation through rainwater harvesting, controlled burning and diverse crop cultivation.
For anyone looking for a more sustainable approach to environmental management, indigenous knowledge holds many common-sense answers to wide-scale problems – including climate change – currently threatening humanity. What’s required, though, is an investment in disseminating and promoting these knowledge systems before they disappear. Greater time, energy and respect for tradition are required from high levels of government to assist with promoting indigenous knowledge, encouraging its implementation and incorporating it into policy.
Charles Tumuhe
Fast fact
In the Richtersveld, the Nama people continue an ancient form of pastoralism known as transhumance. They move seasonally with their herds to access optimal grazing lands, using portable dome tents known as matjieshuise (mat huts), beehive-shaped temporary shelters covered with reed mats. This sustainable livestock management system exemplifies how indigenous knowledge around adaptations to arid environments has endured.
independence through sustainable land-use practices. It’s what McIntosh, at his posh farm, has already effectively demonstrated: how modern farmers can seize upon this indigenous knowledge to restore the health of their land – and dramatically improve the quality of their produce.
INTEGRATING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
There are similar pockets of success around South Africa, places where farmers are integrating indigenous knowledge with modern agricultural practices to boost yield sustainably and combat hunger while building climate resilience.
In the Eastern Cape, Xhosa farmers use traditional intercropping techniques, growing maize, beans and pumpkins together instead of following the corporate monocrop approach. Passed down through generations, this method improves soil fertility and naturally reduces pests. In the Free State, inspired by the traditional practices of Basotho farming communities, several commercial farmers have been inspired to break the cycle of using synthetic (and toxic) chemical fertilisers by adopting organic composting, including manure and ash, to improve soil fertility.
Sustainable indigenous practices are manifesting in other ways, too. In Limpopo, driven by unreliable water availability, Venda and Pedi community farmers employ traditional water conservation techniques, such as stone bunds and contour farming, to trap rainwater and prevent soil erosion. They are reclaiming their autonomy, mitigating against drought and other climate challenges.
Elsewhere, commercial livestock farmers are following the lead of traditional Zulu, Xhosa and Swazi farmers who, for centuries, have bred indigenous Nguni cattle that are genetically adapted to not only cope with a harsher climate and localised diseases, but also thrive on the naturally available indigenous vegetation. The aim is to perpetuate more resilient animals more sustainably – and without recourse to myriad animal drugs, inoculations and homogenous feed.
Whether through their respect for land cycles, preservation of soil fertility and biodiversity, effective and respectful management of water, or simply limiting damage to the environment, what’s fundamental to these indigenous practices is an inherent understanding of the interconnectedness of all living things and the knowledge that environmental preservation is also self-preservation.
VENDA AND PEDI COMMUNITY FARMERS EMPLOY TRADITIONAL WATER
CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES, SUCH AS STONE BUNDS AND CONTOUR FARMING, TO TRAP RAINWATER AND PREVENT SOIL EROSION.
Green Key certification
Green Key certification is an internationally recognised eco-label awarded to hotels and other tourism establishments that meet rigorous environmental standards. This certification demonstrates a commitment to sustainability through practices such as energy efficiency, waste management, water conservation and the use of eco-friendly products.
Green Key encourages hotels to implement strategies that reduce their environmental impact, enhance guest experiences and promote corporate responsibility. To obtain certification, hotels undergo regular audits to ensure compliance with the criteria.
This certification not only benefits the environment, but also attracts eco-conscious travellers, offering hotels a competitive advantage in the growing sustainable tourism market.
Green Key is part of the global Green Key Eco-label, trusted by millions worldwide.
Source: greenkey.global
WHERE ANCIENT EARTH MEETS ENDLESS SKY
From rehabilitating and conserving the natural landscape to the rewilding of the property and the conservation of indigenous and endemic wildlife, preserving Kagga Kamma’s unique natural heritage and fascinating ecosystem has been a core objective.
Another key focus has been the discovery and preservation of the numerous ancient rock art sites scattered throughout the reserve. Consequently, Kagga Kamma provides guests with an eco-centric hospitality experience in harmony with nature and the rich cultural heritage of the land and its rst people.
GONE GREEN
In 2013, the rst solar photovoltaic hybrid energy system was commissioned and installed. In November 2022, Kagga Kamma formally unveiled a new solar power farm that provides sustainably sourced electricity to the entire reserve.
Operating entirely off-grid, Kagga Kamma does not rely on resources that negatively impact climate change. Guests can enjoy their stay, unaffected by load shedding or power outages.
The solar farm functions alongside other environmentally friendly practices, such as green amenities in-room and green products and processes for housekeeping services, the replacement of plastic items with biodegradable ones and the use of glass water bottles.
ECO-TOURISM
Kagga Kamma provides a combination of experiences focused on the unique natural
environment and rich cultural history at the heart of the Kagga Kamma story. The aim is rstly to preserve, and secondly to provide opportunities for guests to experience rst-hand the natural treasures and fascinating fauna and ora that make Kagga Kamma so special.
A SANCTUARY OF SUSTAINABLE WONDER
On the reserve, high in the magni cent Cederberg mountains, the air is clean and crisp, the only humming noises are from insects pollinating the indigenous fynbos and the only high-rises are the awe-inspiring rock formations dotting the landscape.
Gravity-defying sandstone formations reach towards star-studded skies and the whispers of San and Khoi ancestors linger in canyons. Here, sustainable comfort does not just coexist with nature and history; it celebrates it.
SLEEP AMONG STARS AND STONE
Accommodation options at Kagga Kamma are anything but ordinary. Curl up in a cave suite ingeniously built into natural sandstone formations or choose a hut suite inspired by the traditional dwellings of the Khoikhoi people. The open-air suites offer one of South Africa’s most extraordinary sleep experiences – a luxurious bed under an uninterrupted canopy of stars, with nothing between you and the universe but the clear mountain air.
CELESTIAL REVOLUTION: INTRODUCING THE KAGGA KAMMA ASTRO PARK
Exciting news for stargazers and astronomy enthusiasts is the 2025 development of
the Kagga Kamma Astro Park. Building on its renowned stargazing experiences, this dedicated astronomical sanctuary leverages Kagga Kamma’s perfect stargazing conditions: clear, dark skies, high elevation and zero light pollution.
The Astro Park will include a remote dark sky observatory, guided astronomy experiences and viewing and astrophotography platforms set to capture the celestial wonders above. Cosmic retreats will combine astronomy with indigenous knowledge and guests will learn how thousands of years ago the San people navigated by the stars.
DAYS FILLED WITH WONDER, NIGHTS WITH MAGIC
Daylight hours at Kagga Kamma offer endless adventures. Trace ancient stories on guided rock art tours showcasing 6 000-year-old paintings. Feel the thrill of exploration on quad bike adventures across rugged terrain or simply surrender to the tranquillity, perhaps with a rejuvenating spa treatment or fynbos gin tasting as the sun paints the rock formations in golden hues.
As darkness falls, the real magic begins. The stargazing tours transform the Bortle 1 night sky into a living planetarium and knowledgeable guides reveal constellations, planets and the breathtaking sweep of our galaxy.
YOUR GATEWAY TO THE STARS
Whether an eco-conscious traveller, a seeker of unique experiences or someone who longs to reconnect with nature’s grandeur, Kagga Kamma offers an unforgettable journey where earth meets sky in perfect harmony.
VISIT WEBSITE
SCAN THIS QR CODE TO GO TO THE KAGGA KAMMA WEBSITE For more information: +27 21 872 4343 reservations@kaggakamma.co.za www.kaggakamma.co.za
KAGGA KAMMA pioneers sustainability and eco-centric hospitality
A SUSTAINABLE NIGHT’S SLEEP
Businesses across the board are adopting sustainable practices in their operations, and hotels are no exception. Globally, the sustainable tourism market is expected to grow exponentially in the coming years, driven by the need to preserve natural resources and environments key to the travel industry and cater to increasingly eco-savvy guests. From energy ef ciency and water conservation to sustainable amenities and better waste management, we look at what hotels are doing to make their operations greener.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Electricity usage is, for better or for worse, on the minds of South African businesses constantly. Thankfully, using energy-ef cient lighting systems, such as LED or motion-sensor lights, signi cantly reduces energy consumption, says Ashwin Jose, hotel manager at The Oyster Box.
“Integrating natural daylight into the design of spaces can also reduce reliance on arti cial lighting.”
It’s something the Cape Grace hotel has implemented effectively too. “By harnessing natural light and ventilation – mainly in guest areas such as our lobby, restaurant and library – we have reduced the need for arti cial heating, cooling and illumination,” says Cape Grace general manager Leon Meyer. “Interior walls were removed in the library, reception and restaurant areas to allow more light and direct access to windows, which also improved the views drastically.”
Hotels in South Africa are learning to balance hospitality with sustainability in an effort to reduce resource use and their environmental footprint, as well as attract eco-conscious guests.
By ANTHONY SHARPE
the largest single end-use contributor to energy demand in the commercial sector, accounting for 26 per cent”. Jose says advanced HVAC systems with energy recovery ventilation (ERV) can ensure air ow is optimised without wasting energy. “Additionally, designing spaces with natural cross ventilation, such as large windows or strategically placed vents, can reduce the need for arti cial air conditioning and promote air circulation.”
WATER USAGE
In a water-stressed country like South Africa, hotels are implementing measures to manage this resource better.
“Many hotels install low- ow showerheads, taps and toilets, while some use greywater (wastewater from sinks, showers and so forth) for landscaping or nonpotable uses,” says Jose. “Local hotels are also using rainwater harvesting systems to collect rainwater for irrigation or other nondrinking purposes.”
adequate signage to encourage reusing towels or installing water-ef cient systems that maintain comfort while reducing consumption.”
Meyer says the Cape Grace employs a range of approaches to tackle this issue.
“Water-saving showerheads, tap aerators, pressure-reducing valves, dual- ush toilets, urinal ush sensors, water-ef cient dishwashers and washing machines, timers on garden irrigation and outsourcing laundry are all water-saving initiatives employed at the hotel.”
THE FUTURE OF HOTEL OPERATIONS
Jose believes sustainability will become even more embedded in the design, operations and guest experience. “It is likely that, by 2035, most hotels will be expected to meet higher environmental standards, with a focus on net-zero emissions, circular waste systems and extensive use of renewable energy sources.
Good air ow is crucial as air conditioning and heating can drive energy bills up drastically. An Eskom report, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems: energy-efficient usage and technologies, notes that “HVACs are
Guest education plays a part in this, too, he adds. “We encourage guests to reuse towels and linens, reducing the need for frequent washing, which saves water and energy. Balancing guest needs with water conservation typically involves subtle measures that don’t compromise the experience – such as providing
“BALANCING GUEST NEEDS WITH WATER CONSERVATION TYPICALLY INVOLVES SUBTLE MEASURES THAT DON’T COMPROMISE THE EXPERIENCE.” – ASHWIN JOSE
“Technology and data will play a more signi cant role in this regard, from monitoring energy and water usage to adjusting operations based on real-time information. In addition, the eco-conscious traveller will demand more transparency and accountability from hotels regarding their sustainability practices.”
Meyer says concerns around climate change and sustainable business practices cannot be overlooked in the hospitality industry.
“Sustainable practices are no longer a nice-to-have; they are essential for the future success of hotels. Initiatives such as the Hotel Carbon Measurement Initiative and the Hotel Water Measurement Initiative are an integral part of any hotel’s operational blueprint. For example, prioritising operations to source local produce reduces carbon footprints and enriches guest experiences with authentic locally sourced cuisine.”
Leon Meyer
THE ECO-CONSCIOUS TRAVELLER
With disposable income being squeezed across the world’s economies, price will no doubt play an increasing factor in people’s choice of hotel.
Nevertheless, travellers are increasingly screening hotels based on their environmental and sustainability policies, writes ANTHONY SHARPE
Many guests, especially those with a conscious commitment to sustainability, are actively seeking out eco-friendly accommodations as part of their travel experience, says Leon Meyer, general manager of the Cape Grace.
“This growing preference re ects a broader shift toward sustainability across various sectors, including hospitality. For many travellers, choosing a sustainable hotel is not merely incidental; it aligns with their values and lifestyle. Eco-conscious travellers appreciate hotels that offer environmentally responsible practices and they are more likely to return to properties that align with these principles.”
He says the numbers speak for themselves:
“A staggering 95 per cent of business travellers believe hotels should implement green initiatives, indicating a strong demand for sustainability in the corporate travel space.
Additionally, 73 per cent of global travellers actively seek eco-friendly accommodations, which means the desire for sustainability is not a passing trend but a signi cant factor in the decision-making process. This trend is particularly noticeable among luxury travellers, who increasingly expect high-end properties to integrate environmental
responsibility without compromising comfort or service.”
Herein lies the rub. Hotels need to balance maintaining a top-class guest experience with sustainable practices, requiring a thoughtful, careful approach. Ashwin Jose, hotel manager of The Oyster Box, says luxury can be maintained while prioritising sustainability by carefully selecting materials and technologies that blend aesthetics with energy ef ciency.
“For instance, incorporating sustainable design elements, such as reclaimed wood or natural stone, can elevate a space’s appeal while being environmentally conscious.
“Moreover, many sustainable initiatives, such as energy-ef cient lighting and water-saving systems, can be integrated into the background with little impact on the guest experience.”
“FOR MANY TRAVELLERS, CHOOSING A SUSTAINABLE HOTEL IS NOT MERELY INCIDENTAL; IT ALIGNS WITH THEIR VALUES AND LIFESTYLE.” – LEON MEYER
THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY EVOLVES
The following trends reflect a broader commitment within the hospitality industry to embrace sustainability, enhance guest experiences and contribute positively to the environment.
BIOPHILIC DESIGN
Hotels are increasingly incorporating natural elements into their structures. such as green roofs, vertical gardens and the use of reclaimed materials. These features not only enhance aesthetic appeal, but also improve energy efficiency and guest wellbeing.
Source: insightsjoornal.co.uk
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
The adoption of smart energy solutions, including motion-activated lighting and intelligent thermostats, is on the rise. These systems optimise energy consumption by adjusting settings based on occupancy and usage patterns, leading to significant reductions in energy waste.
Source: insightsjournal.co.uk
WATER CONSERVATION
Hotels are implementing innovative water-saving technologies such as low-flow fixtures, rainwater harvesting systems and wastewater recycling. These initiatives aim to minimimse water usage without compromising guest comfort.
Source: CUilom Furniture Manufacturing Blog
SUSTAINABLE DINING
There is a growing emphasis on offering menus that feature locally sourced, organic and seasonal ingredients. This practice supports local communities, reduces carbon footprints associated with food transportation and caters to the increasing guest demand for sustainble dining options.
Source: Food & Wine
Ashwin Jose
AN OASIS IN THE WILDERNESS
Cradled by the rugged Cederberg Mountains, B USHMANS KLOOF WILDERNESS RESERVE & WELLNESS RETREAT offers a unique wilderness escape in South Africa, just 270km (three hours) from Cape Town
Aproud part of The Red Carnation Hotel Collection, this family-owned lodge and ecological oasis spans a 7 500-hectare private reserve. Offering ve-star luxury accommodation and inspired South African cuisine, memorable days at Bushmans Kloof Wildnerness Reserve & Wellness Retreat are spent exploring wide-open plains, awe-inspiring wildlife and pristine mountain landscapes.
Exclusive and totally private, with only 16 rooms and 2 suites at the Main Lodge, accommodation extends to Koro Lodge, an independently catered for private villa in a secluded location within the reserve for up to 8 people travelling together and where children of all ages are welcome all year round. Overlooking the tranquil banks of the Boontjies River, Cederberg House is a private haven that can host up to four guests in seclusion and luxurious comfort.
The Spa is a sanctuary of wellbeing and holistic healing, where spirit, mind and body can truly let go. Here, soothing and restorative treatments are complemented by unique products made from indigenous rooibos, owers and plants.
The warm, caring service and hospitality, delicious cuisine, breathtaking dining venues, superb facilities and accommodation have repeatedly won Bushmans Kloof international recognition and numerous accolades and awards. These include:
• The rock art conservation programme.
• A sanctuary for the endangered Cape Mountain Zebra and indigenous sh, such as the Clanwilliam sand sh, saw n and yellow sh.
• Support for the Cape Leopard Trust.
• The introduction of Anatolian Sheep Dogs to assist local farmers in protecting their livestock.
• Alien vegetation clearing.
Other environmentally friendly practices at the lodge include cultivating organic kitchen gardens, recycling waste material and water- and energy-saving.
On arrival at the lodge, guests are welcomed by staff who take great pride and pleasure in providing exceptional service in this exquisite setting. Interesting off-site excursions and outdoor activities, such as guided rock art walks, nature drives, mountain biking, hiking, canoeing, swimming in rock pools, shing and archery, enhance an already value-packed experience.
For guests seeking peace, quiet and total rest, Bushmans Kloof is the ideal escape for doing absolutely nothing. The lodge has four beautiful swimming pools where guests can lie back, read, enjoy a re exology treatment or take in the beautiful vistas and gardens surrounding the lodge.
The team at Bushmans Kloof is committed to not only conserving the land, wildlife and ora, but also preserving the cultural history
of this ancient land. Today, this malaria-free property serves as a safe haven for many unique and some highly endangered species of indigenous plants and animals. In this retreat of timeless serenity and beauty –with year-round sunshine and moderate climate – guests can also discover the cradle of mankind.
A Grade 1 South African Natural Heritage Site, the reserve is home to over 130 exceptional Bushman rock art sites, some dating back as far as 10 000 years, providing guests with the opportunity to observe and learn about some of South Africa’s greatest national treasures. These ancient sites, located under overhanging cliffs and in rocky shelters, have been meticulously preserved and recorded, making them some of the nest examples of rock painting in South Africa. Trained guides and a dedicated rock art curator, conduct daily rock art walks, providing guests with interpretations offering insight and a deeper understanding of these rare archaeological sites.
Proudly South African at heart, all our properties offer the very nest guest experience characterised by exceptional service and South African charm and warmth – achieved through intensive investment in people, opportunities and upliftment of the community.
VISIT WEBSITE
SCAN THIS QR CODE TO GO TO THE BUSHMANS KLOOF WEBSITE
For more information: +27 (0)21 437 9278 info@bushmanskloof.co.za www.bushmanskloof.co.za www.redcarnationhotels.com
KEY TO THE KINGDOM
Green Key certification is a prestigious eco-label awarded to tourism and hospitality establishments that meet high environmental standards. It promotes sustainable practices in areas such as energy and water conservation, waste management and environmental education.
By ANTHONY SHARPE
Managed by the Foundation for Environmental Education, Green Key certi cation involves rigorous audits to ensure compliance.
In August last year, the Cape Grace became the rst hotel in South Africa to be awarded Green Key certi cation. Green Key highlighted the establishment’s water and energy reduction, educational programmes and plastic reduction and waste management as notable interventions.
Cape Grace general manager Leon Meyer says meeting the requirements was a relatively smooth process. “The hotel has invested in sustainable development for many years and has a passionate and dedicated sustainability committee. Additionally, in the years prior to applying for Green Key certi cation, we were also proud holders of Heritage Certi cation.”
No more tiny shampoo bottles
Since the beginning of 2025, hotels and lodgings in Taiwan are banned from providing free single-use toiletries such as toothbrushes, toothpaste, combs, shower caps and razors. Although guests can still request these, the country’s Ministry of Environment estimated this would eliminate 2 100 tonnes of plastic waste and reduce carbon emissions by 2 500 tonnes. Similar bans have been announced or implemented in states across the United States. California instituted such a law in 2023 and New York’s comes into effect this year, while Illinois and Washington will see bans come into effect in 2027.
GREENING YOUR HOME
Want to go green but don’t know where to start? THANDO PATO speaks with the experts to find out and bamboo are still the “greenest”. “Those made from synthetics (nylon, ole n and acrylics) are less expensive, but often dif cult to recycle. The new range of carpets woven from plastic and industrial waste are also good value as they can be recycled repeatedly.”
There has never been a better time to introduce eco-friendly improvements into your home. Going green not only helps reduce your carbon footprint, but can also help you save money on water and electricity and, if you are homeowner, it may boost the value of your property says Samuel Seeff, chairman of Seeff Property Group.
“Ensure the improvements add value rather than being too costly and elaborate. Often the costs are substantial upfront but are then amortised over the long run. Add what you can afford and calculate the costbene t before laying out large amounts of money,” he advises.
So where do you start if you want to make your home green?
LED LIGHTS
Reduce your energy consumption by installing low-energy lights or rechargeable lights in your home, advises Seeff.
Low-energy lights include light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LEDs are not only energy ef cient, but also last longer. According to the Department of Energy, LED lights use up to 90 per cent less energy and last 25 times longer than traditional light bulbs.
WATER-WISE GADGETS
As weather patterns change and South Africa becomes more prone to drought,
“GOING GREEN NOT ONLY HELPS REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT, BUT CAN ALSO HELP YOU SAVE MONEY ON WATER AND ELECTRICITY.” – SAMUEL SEEFF
the pressure on freshwater supply increases. Introducing water-ef cient washing machines and dishwashers that are Energy Star rated, as well as adjustable aerators to kitchen and bathroom taps and showerheads with lowow water restrictors can help reduce water consumption. Aerators, which you can retro t yourself, are screens that attach to the ends of taps to limit the ow of water without affecting the pressure, and can restrict the ow by 50 per cent.
RECYCLE WATER
You can also “catch” your shower water with a bucket and then use it to water your garden and plants or to ll your toilet tank. Instead of emptying your bath water, use it for the same purposes.
CARPETS AND RUGS
According to Juin Cassie, author of the recently published The South African Book of ‘Green Tips’ – A Consumer Guide to Greening, carpets and rugs made from sisal, wool, organic cotton
PAINT
Traditional household paints are not good for your health as they often contain toxic chemicals, says Cassie. “Never throw unwanted paint down the drain – leftover paint can be mixed with cement or cat sand, left to dry and then binned. Look for paints with a low VOC (volatile organic compound) content. VOCs are dangerous chemical compounds added to paint to help it ow and preserve it. The lower the gure, the safer they are.”
NATURAL BUILDING MATERIALS
“Make use of natural materials such as wood and stone. These materials are not only aesthetically pleasing in design, but also sustainable and eco-friendly,” Seeff explains.
ENERGY-EFFICIENT FEATURES
Seeff recommends introducing insulation features to make your home warm in winter and cooler in summer, so you are less reliant on electric heaters, fans and air conditioners. Seeff also recommends energy-ef cient lighting systems, which can include dimmers, occupancy sensors, photosensors and timers. For exterior lighting, consider solar lights.
SOLAR AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
“Renewable energy, such as solar, is good for the environment, but more than just providing heating and energy for your home, it could also save you costs, as well as keep you powered during Eskom outages,” says Seeff.
GREYWATER SYSTEM OR RAINWATER TANKS
“This can enable the home to recycle water for nonpotable purposes, such as watering the garden and lawn and washing vehicles, as well as to ush toilets. Similarly, rainwater tanks are also a great addition for homes and can be used to harvest rainwater for nonpotable use,” Seeff concludes.
GREEN LEASES
The drive towards reducing the carbon footprint of buildings and their general environmental impact requires collaboration between tenants and landlords. With green leases, this collaboration can be formalised and enhanced, writes MEGAN ELLIS
Green leases are commercial agreements that incorporate sustainability provisions, enabling landlords and tenants to collaborate on reducing a building’s environmental impact. These leases establish a framework for energy ef ciency, water conservation and lower carbon emissions, ensuring long-term environmental and nancial bene ts.
Jenni Lombard, certi cation and technical manager at Green Building Council South Africa (GBCSA), says the demand for green leases has grown due to regulatory and commercial pressures. Businesses are increasingly expected to meet sustainability targets, with larger companies committing to net-zero carbon goals. “The shift towards carbon reduction and sustainability reporting has expanded the role of green leases,” Lombard explains.
Beyond corporate commitments, environmental challenges are also driving change. Rede ne Properties, in its 2023 environmental, social and governance (ESG) report, highlighted water stress and energy shortages as major risks across its South African portfolio. The report noted that load shedding and declining water availability necessitate proactive sustainability measures.
“THE SHIFT TOWARDS CARBON REDUCTION AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING HAS EXPANDED THE ROLE OF GREEN LEASES.” –
JENNI LOMBARD
As part of its resource ef ciency strategy, Rede ne plans to expand its green lease framework, embedding sustainability principles into tenant relationships. This approach aligns with broader industry trends towards reducing environmental impact and ensuring business resilience.
THE BENEFITS OF GREEN LEASES
The goals outlined in green leases can bene t both landlords and tenants by reducing the cost of certain resources such as energy, says Lombard. “Buildings that implement sustainable practices, such as energy-ef cient lighting and HVAC systems, typically have lower energy bills.
“By including sustainability measures in the lease, landlords can safeguard that tenants are using resources ef ciently, reducing energy, water and waste, as well as the costs associated with these.”
In the face of rising energy costs and constraints on the supply of water and electricity, buildings with sustainable systems are increasingly sought out by commercial tenants.
“Tenants are increasingly looking for buildings that focus on sustainable operational practices, and green leases show a landlord’s commitment to environmentally friendly methods,” says Lombard. “This can lead to increased tenant satisfaction and retention, as well as positive word-of-mouth marketing.”
Rede ne’s ESG report echoes this idea, noting that in addition to lower operating costs, green buildings are attractive to tenants.
WHAT DO GREEN LEASES LOOK LIKE?
The exact provisions of a green lease will depend on the goals of landlords and tenants. Lombard notes that collecting data around energy and water usage is
Did you know?
According to JLL’S Decarbonizing the Built Environment report, globally 34 per cent of occupiers had green lease clauses by 2021. The report noted that 40 per cent of occupiers planned to sign green lease clauses by 2025.
Meanwhile, the Institute for Market Transformation has estimated that green leases have the potential to help reduce energy consumption by up to 22 per cent, based on a 2015 report in the United States.
common in green leases. “A green lease could include requirements that the landlord provide the tenant with information on the building’s energy use to allow the tenant to install energy-ef cient lighting and appliances, and to ensure the building’s heating and cooling systems are properly maintained and serviced. The lease might also require the tenant to use sustainable practices such as recycling, composting and reducing paper use.”
The GBCSA, in partnership with the South African Property Owners Association, developed a Green Lease Toolkit that provides guidelines for commercial property owners and developers to implement green leases. One of the core guidelines is the creation of transparent, mutually bene cial agreements. The toolkit notes that consensus on the essential elements of the contract is integral to the implementation of green leases. This includes outlining each party’s responsibilities and nancial obligations.
HELPING COMPANIES AND TENANTS REACH SUSTAINABILITY GOALS
In the face of the increasing environmental challenges facing commercial properties, more regulatory pressure to enact sustainable practices and the bene ts of green building practices, green leases provide a way to formalise sustainability goals for tenants and landlords so they can both contribute to these metrics.
Lexus Introduces NEW LX with Hybrid Technology
LEXUS is proud to introduce exciting new enhancements to the LX line-up, including the debut of the LX 700h, featuring the brand’s newly developed hybrid system
Since its inception in 1989, Lexus has consistently demonstrated a commitment to innovation, always striving to deliver cutting-edge technology and exceptional value to customers.
In line with its ongoing pursuit of a carbon-neutral society and its desire to enrich the automotive experience, Lexus continues to expand its diverse range of vehicles to meet the evolving needs of customers worldwide.
The LX is Lexus’ agship SUV, de ned by the concept of “effortless and re ned driving on any road around the world”. It blends exceptional driving performance with the signature Lexus comfort, handling diverse terrains while providing a luxurious driving experience.
Available in three striking grades – Overtrail, F SPORT and VIP – the LX 700h delivers exhilarating performance. The 3.5-litre V6 hybrid engine in the petrol variant generates an impressive 341kW of power, making this LX the most powerful model to date.
For those seeking a diesel option, the LX (F SPORT and Overtrail) delivers 225kW. With a
WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF THE LX 700h, LEXUS HAS DEVELOPED A NEW PARALLEL HYBRID SYSTEM THAT MAINTAINS ALL THE AMAZING VIRTUES FOR WHICH THE LX IS RENOWNED.
The vehicle is equipped with the latest Lexus Safety System+ to improve safety further and provide drivers with peace of mind.
A NEW ERA IN OVERTRAIL
In line with its commitment to meet the diverse needs of global customers, Lexus has introduced the new Overtrail series.
Lexus continues to commit to offering vehicles suited for diverse customer lifestyles through the Overtrail. The new LX 700h will be available in an exclusive Overtrail edition, featuring unique equipment, design and colour options tailored to adventurous, outdoor-oriented customers.
• Exterior design: the Overtrail model features a black gloss spindle grille, matte grey wheels and blacked-out components to create a rugged, professional look.
• Exclusive colour: “Moon Desert” is a new, unique body colour designed to evoke a premium, off-road aesthetic.
• Interior design: the interior is enhanced with a re ned “monolith” colour scheme, including ash burl black ornamentation.
• Exclusive equipment: the Overtrail edition includes front and rear differential locks and all-terrain tyres for enhanced off-road performance.
NEW PARALLEL HYBRID SYSTEM
The LX 700h’s hybrid system features a parallel hybrid con guration, integrating a motor generator with a clutch positioned between the 3.5L V6 twin-turbo engine and a 10-speed automatic transmission.
This system retains critical off-road features such as full-time 4WD, a Lo-range transfer case and a torque converter-equipped automatic transmission. These features ensure the combined power and torque from the engine and motor are effectively transmitted to the road, optimising performance across various driving conditions.
10-speed automatic transmission, drivers enjoy quick, seamless shifts, whether navigating city streets or rugged terrain.
INTRODUCING THE LX 700h
With the introduction of the LX 700h, Lexus has developed a new parallel hybrid system that maintains all the amazing virtues for which the LX is renowned, even as the automotive world shifts towards electri cation.
The new system utilises motor torque to provide the signature Lexus driving experience, while also signi cantly reducing annual CO2 emissions across all global vehicles, further enhancing environmental performance.
The hybrid control system intelligently manages the transition between engine-only and motor-only modes, optimising performance based on driving demands. Notably, this is the rst Lexus system to incorporate both an alternator and a starter as standard components. In case of hybrid system failure, the starter enables independent engine ignition and the alternator powers the 12V auxiliary battery, allowing the vehicle to continue driving on engine power alone.
Despite operating in this mode, critical off-road features, such as the transfer case’s Lo-range, ride height adjustment via active height control and active traction control, remain fully operational, ensuring continued off-road capability.
THE LX IS LEXUS’ FLAGSHIP SUV, DEFINED BY THE CONCEPT OF “EFFORTLESS AND REFINED DRIVING ON ANY ROAD AROUND THE WORLD”.
WATER FORDING CAPABILITY AND PERFORMANCE
The LX 700h is equipped with a waterproof structure encasing the hybrid main battery in a sealed tray, preventing water ingress during deep water crossings. This design enables a fording capability of 700mm, comparable to that of traditional engine vehicles. If water does enter the tray, a sensor detects the presence of water and alerts the driver.
Harnessing both motor torque and the high-displacement twin-turbo engine, the LX 700h delivers responsive acceleration and powerful performance across all speed ranges. In off-road conditions, the vehicle can leverage motor-driven power in Lo-range, providing enhanced control on challenging terrains like rocky paths, dirt roads and deep snow.
PRICING
• 500 DIESEL F SPORT – R2 557 500
• 500 DIESEL OVERTRAIL –R2 577 400
• 700h F SPORT – R2 666 500
• 700h OVERTRAIL – R2 703 600
• 700h VIP – R3 092 100
The Lexus LX boasts a 7-year/ 100 000km warranty and full maintenance plan. Vehicle service intervals are pegged at 10 000km for both HEV and diesel models –alternatively once a year. 700h models come with an additional 8-year/ 195 000km hybrid battery warranty.
ENHANCED EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY
The LX 700h also features a waterproof AC inverter beneath the centre console, providing an external power supply of up to 1 500W. This allows users to power various devices or serves as an emergency power source in the event of a disaster.
GA-F PLATFORM UPGRADES
To accommodate the additional weight and length from the motor generator, the LX 700h’s GA-F platform has been upgraded with new components. This includes a specially designed cross member to ensure optimal ground clearance and enhanced durability to support the increased powertrain weight. A new spare tyre cross member and the relocation of the 12V auxiliary battery also help balance off-road capability with serviceability.
THE PURSUIT OF A UNIFIED DRIVING EXPERIENCE: LEXUS DRIVING SIGNATURE
At Lexus, we are dedicated to achieving a uni ed driving experience across our entire line-up, embodied by the Lexus Driving Signature. This philosophy emphasises “engaging driving dialogue” with the car, ensuring drivers feel in tune with the vehicle. For the LX 700h, extensive testing on various surfaces and environments has led to enhancements that ensure a seamless driving experience both on- and off-road.
RIGIDITY AND COMFORT ENHANCEMENTS
The new LX features improvements in rigidity, including the adoption of reinforced components, such as the radiator support and instrument panel, resulting in more precise steering responses.
Additionally, newly designed cab mount cushions reduce low-frequency vibrations, improving ride comfort while retaining the durability and off-road performance of a body-on-frame vehicle. The evolution of the adaptive variable suspension system further enhances ride comfort by improving dampening force control for a smoother and more stable ride over rough terrain.
ENHANCED FEATURES AND EQUIPMENT
The introduction of the hybrid model brings additional features to both the hybrid and traditional engine models, enhancing comfort and convenience for all drivers.
• 12.3-inch full LCD meter: customisable displays enhance driver focus and provide important driving information.
• Front refresh seats: available in VIP models, these new air bladder-based seats help reduce fatigue with multiple massage options and adjustable intensity.
• Upgraded wireless charging: the wireless charging pad now supports faster charging and is available in the front and rear centre consoles of VIP models.
With the introduction of the LX 700h, Lexus is once again setting new standards in the luxury SUV market. This hybrid model embodies the brand’s commitment to sustainability, driving performance and customer satisfaction, offering a re ned driving experience that remains true to the legendary LX spirit.
For more information: www.lexus.co.za
REDUCE YOUR TRANSPORT CARBON FOOTPRINT
Every
citizen can play a
part in limiting climate change by making small adaptions to help them reduce their carbon footprint, writes RODNEY WEIDEMANN
As the reality of climate change grows, it is the responsibility of all citizens to try to reduce their carbon footprint to limit environmental damage. Not everyone owns a car, but the choices we each make around our transport needs impact the climate change debate.
Dr Yvonne Lewis, a director at The Green House, says simple approaches, such as avoiding unnecessary trips by shopping on the way home from work, can have an impact. “It is even better not to travel at all if you can avoid it. Remote working is now commonplace and a great way to reduce the amount of travel required. Replacing driving – or even ying –with a virtual meeting will positively impact your carbon consumption.”
Meanwhile, Eugene Herbert, CEO of MasterDrive, suggests simply using public transport instead of driving a vehicle will help reduce your footprint. “It’s worth noting that the City of Johannesburg is already making moves towards using cleaner fuel alternatives, converting buses in their eet to begin using compressed natural gases. This reduces almost all the air pollutants associated with traditional fuel sources.”
SHARING IS CARING
“Carpool and ride-sharing are also excellent ways to reduce the number of vehicles on the road. Sharing rides reduces both emissions and traf c congestion. Moreover, certain ride-sharing services plan to implement electric vehicles (EVs) into their eets this year, which will reduce emissions further.”
Dr Andries van der Linde, a director at Blue Tree World, says for shorter trips, one should consider walking whenever possible. Similarly, using a grocery delivery service reduces emissions as these are done via motorcycle, but even this service should be used sparingly. “If you can afford one, you should invest in an EV, but if not, at least purchase a car with a smaller engine coupled to a turbocharger, which provides
“REPLACING DRIVING – OR EVEN FLYING – WITH A VIRTUAL MEETING WILL POSITIVELY IMPACT YOUR CARBON CONSUMPTION.” –
DR YVONNE LEWIS
more power in conjunction with bigger fuel ef ciencies.
“Another way to reduce your footprint is to combine trips and plan ef cient routes as this can help reduce the distance driven and, consequently, the emissions produced. Ef cient route planning minimises fuel consumption and saves time.”
Dr van der Linde adds that air travel is a signi cant contributor to carbon emissions. Whenever possible, one should opt for alternative modes of transportation like trains or buses, which have a lower environmental impact.
Emission challenges
Research by the Department of Transport has revealed that emissions from the transport sector in South Africa amount to almost 55 Mt CO2 emissions, or some 10.8 per cent of the country’s total greenhouse gas emissions. This means that in South Africa, transport is the third-largest emitting sector, with more than 90 per cent of transport sector emissions arising from road transport.
It is also imperative you maintain your vehicle properly, says Dr van der Linde. “Simple measures such as keeping tyres properly in ated, checking wheel alignment and performing regular oil changes can make a signi cant difference here.”
Sensible driving habits not only improve road safety, but also reduce emissions, notes Dr Lewis. “If your vehicle has a cruise control option, use it to maintain a constant and optimum speed. When stuck in traf c, don’t keep your car idling for long as this uses more fuel than switching off and restarting the vehicle. You should also use the air conditioner sparingly and drive with your windows closed, especially at higher speeds. Lastly, don’t keep any unnecessary weight in the car as this will increase your fuel consumption.
“Of course, we must remember that South Africa has unique inequality issues, meaning a large portion of our society is located far from their place of work and retail amenities and reliant on public transport. At the other end of the scale, we have those consumers responsible for the majority of emissions who live in comparative luxury, having maybe two or three cars in the family. Ultimately, to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions signi cantly, South Africa will need to address these inequalities effectively,” Dr Lewis concludes.
FIGHTING INVASIVE PLANTS BIOLOGICALLY
Biological interventions offer a sustainable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly way of controlling invasive plants, writes Dr KELBY ENGLISH , postdoctoral fellow on the Waterweeds Programme at the Centre for Biological Control
Water hyacinth, one of the world’s most noxious weeds, has been present in Hartbeespoort Dam since the 1960s. Proliferation of the invasive alien aquatic plant is due to several factors, including its ability to double its biomass in approximately 14 days through vegetative reproduction and its long-lived seed bank, which can remain viable in the sediment for up to 25 years.
Several strategies to control the invasive alien plant have been implemented. Herbicide application was the primary method used since the 1970s, but was stopped in 2016 due to funding constraints. Although it successfully reduced the population, resource-intensive follow-up procedures were required, making it less cost-effective than other methods.
NATURAL ENEMIES
Biological control involves releasing a natural enemy of an invasive plant into the invaded area to reduce and control its spread. These natural enemies, called biocontrol agents, are rigorously tested to ensure they are host-speci c and effective. Before being released, they are reviewed by a scienti c committee and relevant government authorities. Biocontrol agents are predominantly insects but also mites and pathogens. The rst biocontrol agents – ve species – were introduced to Hartbeespoort Dam in the 1990s. However, continued herbicide use limited their population growth by reducing their food source and habitat.
In 2018, biocontrol was exclusively implemented on the dam by the Centre for Biological Control (CBC). In the absence of herbicides, the ve previously released agents were able to recover. The most recently approved agent, the water hyacinth planthopper, was also released on the system. However, the hot summers and cool winters and the nutrient-rich water limited the success of a classical biocontrol programme. An augmentative strategy was adopted, involving repeated releases of the hopper agent – particularly important in early spring when conditions become favourable for water hyacinth growth.
GETTING THE COMMUNITY INVOLVED
The CBC’s Waainek Mass Rearing Facility at Rhodes University plays a central role in this effort, rearing and distributing biocontrol agents countrywide. To help facilitate releases at Hartbeespoort Dam, the local community was educated on the biocontrol programme and invited to set up and manage satellite rearing stations, allowing them direct access to the hoppers to increase their availability for releases on the dam. Currently, 10 satellite rearing stations are operational and a community of practice has been fostered among station managers and the CBC staff, who frequently check in and assist as needed.
plants returned in spring and the releases of hoppers continued. In summer 2021, the agents collapsed the mat once again; a pattern repeated every year. Flowering has also been signi cantly reduced, thereby depleting seed bank reserves annually.
LESSONS LEARNED
The CBC actively evaluates the system, with water hyacinth cover, number of hoppers released and biocontrol agent densities on the dam recorded monthly. With its extremely high nutrient levels, Hartbeespoort Dam provides a valuable case study for assessing biocontrol agent success under challenging conditions. The dam is an important research site for students working under the CBC umbrella. The insights gained here will inform similar interventions across Southern Africa.
CBC members hosted a biocontrol agent rearing training event at Hartbeespoort Dam in 2023, attended by station rearers from across the Highveld and KwaZulu-Natal.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL INVOLVES RELEASING A NATURAL ENEMY OF AN INVASIVE PLANT INTO THE INVADED AREA TO REDUCE AND CONTROL ITS SPREAD.
The augmentative strategy began in 2019 with thousands of hoppers being released on the system weekly. In January 2020 (peak summer and growing period), the mat of water hyacinth collapsed on the dam due to the abundance and impact of the biocontrol agents alone. By March, less than ve per cent of the mat remained. Given the extensive seed bank, the
The CBC also rears biocontrol agents for several other invasive aquatic species, including water lettuce, parrot’s feather and Kariba weed, at its Waainek facility. Invasive species in South Africa also include terrestrial plants such as various cacti for which the CBC’s Kariega facility specialises in rearing biocontrol agents. Additionally, in January 2024, the CBC assisted in the establishment of a mass-rearing facility in Upington, rearing biocontrol agents for prosopis, an invasive tree.
Harties training day 2023
THE FORGOTTEN MOUNTAIN
A new nature reserve in the Soutpansberg Mountains contributes to South Africa’s conservation commitments, writes CATHERINE VISE , manager of the Endangered Wildlife Trust’s Soutpansberg Protected Area
The Western Soutpansberg Nature Reserve (WSNR), declared in January 2025, is a major conservation milestone, protecting threatened and endemic species while expanding South Africa’s conservation estate.
Spanning 11 607 hectares across 14 properties, it hosts the country’s highest plant diversity at the family level and at least 16 endemic reptile species, along with diverse spiders and butter ies. This designation strengthens key biodiversity and groundwater source areas in Limpopo. Recognised as a Centre of Endemism and a Critical Biodiversity Area, the WSNR is one of South Africa’s most signi cant conservation successes in recent years.
FORGOTTEN MOUNTAIN
The Soutpansberg mountains are home to an impressive 593 tree species, 5 different biomes (wetland, forest, savanna, grassland and thicket) and even fynbos elements. They also house multiple sacred sites, rock art and other archaeological sites. They are important for cultural heritage, with many communities celebrating their vibrant traditions in the region to this day. Also known as the Forgotten Mountain, Soutpansberg contains numerous microclimates, ranging from tropical in the east to semi-arid in the northwest, contributing extensively to its varied and unique biodiversity. However, the area faces numerous threats ranging from agriculture and urbanisation to other threats, such as unsustainable harvesting of species, snaring, poaching and the lack of re management on the western end of the mountain.
Amid these challenges, several landowners started working on their own initiative to develop a nature reserve. In 2018, the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) came on board, purchasing the Medike Reserve to create a larger conservation area and become the driver of a project that would ultimately result in the declaration of the Western Soutpansberg Nature Reserve. In partnership with the Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism (LEDET),
SOUTPANSBERG CONTAINS NUMEROUS MICROCLIMATES, RANGING FROM TROPICAL IN THE EAST TO SEMI-ARID IN THE NORTHWEST, CONTRIBUTING
EXTENSIVELY TO ITS VARIED AND UNIQUE BIODIVERSITY.
Ndlovu de Villiers Attorneys, Conservation Outcomes and ZZ2, the EWT published an Intent to Declare a Nature Reserve in the National Gazette in December 2021.
The declaration of the reserve in January contributes towards South Africa’s commitment to the Convention on Biological Diversity’s initiative under the Global Biodiversity Framework to have 30 per cent of land and 30 per cent of oceans conserved by 2030.
MANAGING THE MOUNTAINS
The Western Soutpansberg Nature Reserve Association (WSNRA) is the management authority of the Western Soutpansberg Nature Reserve. It is a voluntary association of landowners dedicated to conserving their properties within the WSNR Framework Management Plan. Members collaborate on key initiatives, including invasive alien plant control, re management and bush encroachment prevention. Additionally, they engage with local communities through environmental education, women’s health workshops and sustainable agriculture projects.
Together with the EWT, the WSNRA is fostering eco-tourism in the region, with initiatives such as the Old Salt Trail, which allows visitors to experience the reserve’s unique biodiversity. The EWT’s alien invasive species removal project has also provided employment and training for local youth, equipping them with chainsaw operation, health and safety and guiding skills. The conservation effort extends to schools, where the EWT develops educational materials, and to sports, with landowners supporting the Sport for Nature initiative.
THE FUTURE
Work is underway in collaboration with LEDET to expand the reserve by 20 000 hectares this year as part of the EWT’s aim to create a protected area in the Soutpansberg mountains of 50 000 hectares by 2030.
The Western Soutpansberg Nature Reserve ts into a critical corridor that links the Soutpansberg mountains to the Mapungubwe National Park and the Kruger National Park. This corridor connects high biodiversity areas that, through a declared corridor, can maintain the rich and endemic biodiversity integrity of the region. This longer-term vision ts in with the SANParks Vision 2040 for the Vhembe and Limpopo Valley landscape, creating plenty of room for this area to become a biodiversity economy node in South Africa.
GEAR UP FOR EXCITEMENT AND ADVENTURE
Experience the thrill of treetop adventuring at ACROBRANCH
If you’re looking for an adventure combining fun, tness and the great outdoors, look no further than one of Acrobranch’s twelve treetop adventure parks across South Africa. Here, thrill-seekers of all ages can experience an adrenaline rush in a safe and family friendly environment. Whether a seasoned adventurer or a rst-time explorer, Acrobranch offers adventurers an unforgettable experience high up in the trees.
Acrobranch – an outdoor adventure company – is dedicated to providing exciting treetop obstacle courses that challenge and delight visitors of all skill levels. With a strong focus on safety, fun and adventure, Acrobranch offers an exhilarating escape from everyday life, encouraging visitors to step out of their comfort zones and embrace the thrill of climbing, ziplining and balancing through the treetops.
COURSES FOR ALL
Acrobranch is designed for everyone – from young explorers to seasoned adrenaline junkies. Whether you’re planning a fun day out with the family, an exciting date or an action-packed group outing, Acrobranch adventure parks are the perfect choice.
Acrobranch courses cater for:
• Kids (age three and up) with specially designed obstacle courses.
• Teenagers and adults looking for an exhilarating challenge.
• Corporate groups seeking a unique and interactive team-building experience.
• Schools and educational groups for an adventurous outdoor learning experience.
• Bachelor/bachelorette parties, birthday celebrations and other special occasions.
Acrobranch specialises in hosting and catering for various events to make special moments truly unforgettable. The adventure parks are ideal for:
• Birthday parties: make your child’s (or your own) birthday one to remember with an action-packed day in the trees.
• Team building: strengthen relationships, improve communication and boost morale with thrilling corporate team-building activities.
• School outings: give students the opportunity to challenge themselves, build con dence and have fun outdoors.
• Bachelor and bachelorette parties: get your heart racing before the big day with an adventure- lled celebration.
• Fun day outings: whether with family, friends or colleagues, Acrobranch courses provide hours of excitement and laughter.
WHERE TO FIND AN ACROBRANCH
Acrobranch has 12 parks countrywide, conveniently located in some of the most picturesque natural settings.
• Gauteng: Pretoria North, Garsfontein, Centurion, Modderfontein, Melrose and Casalinga.
• Western Cape: Constantia, Stellenbosch and Garden Route.
• KwaZulu-Natal: Hillcrest and Pietermaritzburg.
• North West: Rustenburg.
SAFETY PRIORITISED
At Acrobranch, your safety comes rst. Acrobranch is committed to providing a secure and controlled environment where every participant can enjoy the adventure with con dence.
Safety measures include:
• State-of-the-art safety gear: every participant is tted with a harness to ensure a secure experience.
• Quali ed instructors: trained instructors are always on hand to assist, guide and ensure safety protocols are followed.
• Strict adherence to safety standards: Acrobranch uses the best equipment imported from Europe (EU-graded) and undergoes regular safety checks.
• Different dif culty levels: choose from beginner to advanced courses to suit your comfort level and ability.
REASONS
TO CHOOSE ACROBRANCH
• Outdoor fun: experience nature like never before while navigating exciting treetop challenges.
• Healthy and active: a great way to stay t while having fun with friends and family.
• Personal achievement: conquer fears, push boundaries and gain a sense of accomplishment.
• Group experiences: perfect for corporate events, school trips and celebrations.
BOOK YOUR ACROBRANCH ADVENTURE Ready to embrace the adventure?
Contact Acrobranch – where excitement, nature and adventure meet. 021 201 1121 or book online at www.acrobranch.co.za
The promise of biogas
Biogas offers a promising opportunity to create energy from waste, but it’s not a silver bullet. By
JAMES FRANCIS
For the past decade, vehicle manufacturer BMW has been supplementing the power needs of its Rosslyn factory in Tshwane with electricity wheeled from Bio2Watt’s Bronkhorstspruit Biogas Plant. At two of the South African Defence Force’s local bases, biodigesters provide methane gas to the kitchens, helping serve meals to hundreds of soldiers daily even when load shedding cuts power.
Biogas is an innovative, effective and highly sustainable way to generate energy by producing high-quality methane gas from everyday organic waste. Amid haphazard electricity output and rising energy prices, biogas is attracting interest and several large projects are underway to exploit this renewable resource.
It’s not a simple journey, but these examples demonstrate its potential. What role can biogas play in South Africa?
NATURAL GAS MADE NATURALLY
Biogas is primarily methane, produced by bacteria in anaerobic (airless) conditions, similar to the process that helps purify water at wastewater treatment plants. When this process runs through to completion, it can produce methane of purity that rivals lique ed natural gas, which currently represents three per cent of South Africa’s energy usage, according to the South African Energy Sector Report 2023 It can provide gas to be burnt for direct energy or to generate electricity. And whereas most gas is extracted from underground reservoirs, biogas comes from feeding waste into biodigesters. This waste can be from food,
animals or humans. Some wastewater sites turn excrement into gas to power their turbines. Large kitchens, such as those at hotels, and big farms also have organic waste streams to run biodigesters.
A TEMPERAMENTAL SOLUTION
Biogas appears to be an ideal solution for various scenarios, including gas reserves for rural communities. However, biogas faces several barriers that complicate wide-scale adoption.
“There’s tremendous potential in the long term, but it requires very careful consideration from project developers, nanciers and eventually clients,” says Mark Tiepelt, MD of Biogas Consulting SA.
Biogas is generated when certain bacteria populate the biodigester, consuming the waste and releasing gas as a byproduct. But it’s a roughly four-stage process: the bacteria initially produce carbon dioxide and other colonies of bacteria then start turning this gas into methane. Bacteria are living organisms and therefore temperamental. Much like the micro-organisms in our guts, they respond differently to the food they receive, so it can take weeks, even months, to bring a biodigester up to the point that it produces methane. Even then, the digester has to be looked after by an attentive caretaker.
“It’s like a baby,” explains Dr Karen Surridge, project manager for renewable energy and cleaner fossil fuels at the South African National Energy Development Institute, which implemented the two military biodigesters. “You’ve got to feed it, give it water and look
BIOGAS IS GENERATED WHEN CERTAIN BACTERIA POPULATE THE BIOREACTOR, CONSUMING THE WASTE AND RELEASING GAS AS A BYPRODUCT.
after it every single day. The man who looks after one of the military’s biodigesters even has an emotional connection with the digester. It likes him and he likes it. He even sings to it; he knows what it likes to eat and tells it what food it will get. That digester has never gone down. It’s always given us gas.”
Biodigesters have other demands as well, such as water. When state-supported projects tried to run biodigesters at rural Eastern Cape communities, the demand for water became a logistical issue. Waste streams are slightly less demanding but still crucial. While biodigesters can operate on various waste sources, the respective bacterial colonies are selective.
A biodigester that operates well with manure from farms won’t necessarily respond to other organic waste until it can adjust. Thus, the logistics of running a biodigester can be quite nuanced, which is an issue if a site, such as an energy producer, relies on a waste stream producer that isn’t invested in consistent throughput.
“Let’s use an abattoir as an example,” says Tiepelt. “Its core business is to run the abattoir, so it is not worried about the quality and the quantity of waste when it’s produced. Over weekends, it might not operate and then dump everything on a Friday afternoon. That is fatal for a biogas plant because it can only operate optimally if it gets consistent feedstock.”
GREAT POTENTIAL REQUIRES CONSISTENCY
Energy prices are also still a drawback, though energy instability, such as load shedding, has turned more attention to creating gas. For example, some major farming businesses are installing biodigesters to move away from painful power blackouts. However, the competitive cost of burning coal means nancial incentives for biogas only really start to appear at large, grid-scale operations such as Bio2Watt’s plants.
Biogas needs structural and policy support. Yet there are ways to start building this approach from the ground up with micro-biodigesters, which produce less than 0.5kW of power or 2kW of biogas a day. Communities and businesses can use these digesters to get rid of waste while tapping a reliable source of gas.
There is progress to make micro-biodigesters more common. A sector development plan, published by SANEDI in 2022 and supported by public, private and nongovernmental stakeholders, aims to grow the market’s initial
“THERE’S TREMENDOUS POTENTIAL IN THE LONG TERM, BUT IT REQUIRES VERY CAREFUL CONSIDERATION FROM PROJECT DEVELOPERS, FINANCIERS AND EVENTUALLY CLIENTS.” – MARK TIEPELT
footprint to 21 000 units, then expand to over 50 000 by 2030, potentially creating 17 000 jobs and producing around 142.8MW of power daily. Success will require developing technical skills and addressing issues such as waste streams and water. But it’s not an insurmountable task –even primary school students have successfully constructed biogas-producing digesters for their science projects.
Biogas and price competitiveness
Biogas is an excellent fuel source that can be used to generate electricity. However, its economic viability depends heavily on pricing. Eskom’s electricity costs around R2 per kilowatt hour (kWh). Biogas’ electrical output varies considerably, depending on the site and other variables, with prices ranging between R1 and R4 per kWh. For this reason, some countries have preferential buying rates for biogas electricity.
However, when Eskom falters, some industries turn to diesel for electricity,
where costs can exceed R9 per kWh. When those industries can also access regular waste streams and afford the upfront investment to establish biodigesters (such as wastewater sites, pulp and paper factories and large farms), biogas becomes a strong and reliable alternative.
Micro-biodigesters also have the future potential to support the natural gas market, producing methane pure enough to rival liquefied natural gas. In South Africa, which imports more than 90 per cent of its natural gas, biogas can provide cheap gas to communities where it is appropriately developed and supported.
HIGH INVESTMENT, HIGH REWARD
For emerging economies, the opportunity is incredible. China is home to 60 per cent of the world’s membrane biodigesters. India, similar to South Africa in terms of poverty, rurality and waste issues, has thousands of digesters across farms, civil infrastructure, pharmaceuticals, and more, creating a domestic market valued at over R2.9-billion.
Those industries didn’t appear overnight, but rather through focused development, support, favourable policies and state subsidies in some cases. Yet while there is debate over whether South Africa’s government should subsidise a biogas sector, there’s also plenty of reason to encourage more biogas digesters.
“When the interested party is willing to do what it takes to get the gas, the outcome is revolutionary,” says Dr Surridge. “It’s a mature technology with the opportunity to use precast and local industry/ construction materials, train local people and generate energy while getting rid of organic waste by diverting it from land ll.”
DRIVING CLIMATE ACTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
In an era of climate urgency, SAPPI FORESTS has emerged as a pioneering force in tackling the twin challenges of climate change and biodiversity conservation
Through cutting-edge research and development, Sappi Forests is not only mitigating the impacts of climate change on its plantations, but also actively pursuing a nature-positive approach, balancing operational productivity with ecological stewardship.
TECHNIQUES SUCH AS CLIMATE RISK MAPPING AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS FORTIFY PLANTATION HEALTH AGAINST EMERGING THREATS.
CLIMATE-SMART FORESTRY
Recognising the critical role of resilient tree plantations, Sappi Forests has introduced climate-smart forestry practices that ensure long-term health and productivity. Decades of intensive research have culminated in innovative tree breeding programmes tailored to diverse climatic zones. By collaborating with academic institutions and conducting precise climate modelling, Sappi predicts future drought conditions, changing rainfall patterns, and other climate stressors.
These insights enable the development of drought-tolerant and pest-resistant genotypes using molecular genetics and advanced silvicultural practices. Hybrid breeding combines traits to enhance adaptability and resilience in Eucalyptus and pine species, ensuring robust forest productivity despite climate change pressures. Additionally, techniques such as climate risk mapping and biological controls fortify plantation health against emerging threats.
A NATURE-POSITIVE COMMITMENT
While sustainable forestry is the cornerstone of Sappi’s operations, its commitment to conserving biodiversity sets it apart. Sappi Forests holds certi cations from the Forest Stewardship Council TM (FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certi cation (PEFC), setting high standards for responsible forestry.
FSC certi cation re ects decades of dedication to sustainable forest
RECOGNISING THE CRITICAL ROLE OF RESILIENT TREE PLANTATIONS, SAPPI FORESTS HAS INTRODUCED CLIMATE-SMART FORESTRY PRACTICES THAT ENSURE LONG-TERM HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY.
management, conservation and stakeholder engagement. Achieving PEFC certi cation for the rst time in South Africa in 2021 underscores Sappi’s global leadership in forestry best practices.
These certi cations ensure that over 400 000 hectares of managed land adhere to sustainable practices, with 139 000 hectares designated speci cally for biodiversity conservation. These unplanted areas host vital ecosystems that support pollination, water puri cation, soil fertility and carbon storage – services indispensable to life and economies.
To enhance biodiversity further, Sappi has invested in improving its 156 important conservation areas, spanning approximately 38 320 hectares of diverse habitats such as grasslands, wetlands and
Clivia pass Sappi Camelot North Plantation
Long-toed Tree Frog
natural forests. Through a management plan aimed at addressing challenges, such as overgrazing, invasive weeds and frequent burning, Sappi has exceeded its biodiversity improvement targets. By 2024, the company proudly recorded an impressive 21 per cent enhancement in biodiversity conditions compared to its 2020 baseline.
INTEGRATING BIODIVERSITY STANDARDS
As Sappi embraces the Global Reporting Initiative’s new Biodiversity Reporting Standard (effective 2026), the company embeds the mitigation hierarchy – avoidance, minimisation, restoration, offsetting and transformative actions – into its operations. This forward-thinking approach ensures Sappi not only meets regulatory requirements, but also advances global goals for sustainable development and biodiversity conservation.
LEVERAGING PRECISION FORESTRY
Sappi’s precision forestry initiatives employ advanced tools and technologies to support both biodiversity and operational ef ciency. Three key innovations highlight this approach.
SAPPI’S PRECISION FORESTRY INITIATIVES EMPLOY ADVANCED TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES TO
SUPPORT BOTH BIODIVERSITY AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY.
1
Satellite burn scar detection
Leveraging Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, this system monitors rebreak conformance and assesses burn scars, preventing re resurgence. By optimising re management practices, Sappi ensures reduced environmental impact and streamlines carbon tax reporting.
2
Plantation health monitoring
This cutting-edge digital tool tracks plantation health, identifying stress factors such as frost, drought, wind and re. The data enables proactive measures to mitigate potential damage, ensuring plantation resilience and sustained productivity.
3
Automated remote harvest monitoring (Auto-RHM)
Using Sentinel-2 imagery, this system tracks harvesting operations every ve to seven days, supporting traceability and compliance with sustainability frameworks such as the European Union Deforestation Regulation. By enhancing resource management, Auto-RHM promotes ef cient timber sourcing while minimising environmental impact. Through its climate-smart forestry, precision technologies and commitment to internationally recognised certi cations, Sappi exempli es how sustainable business practices and ecological conservation can go hand in hand. From protecting endangered species to advancing biodiversity standards, Sappi Forests ensures that its managed lands not only thrive operationally, but also serve as vital ecosystems supporting life, strengthening communities and inspiring global action.
Rare and endangered species: protecting biodiversity
Sappi’s conservation programme has identified no less than 44 threatened species on its plantations. These include:
• Amphibians: 3 species, including the endangered Long-toed Tree Frog (Leptopelis xenodactylus), which thrives in Sappi’s wetlands and grasslands.
• Birds: 18 species, such as the critically endangered Cape Parrot (Poicephalus robustus).
• Mammals: 8 species, including the endangered Oribi (Ourebia ourebi ).
• Reptiles: 4 species, including the endangered Natal Midlands Dwarf Chameleon (Bradypodion thamnobates).
• various plants, fish and insects. In 2024, the programme recorded over 200 species across KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, highlighting the rich biodiversity nurtured on Sappi lands.
Ngodwana Nursery
WORK IN HARMONY WITH NATURE
The most viable innovation in making packaging more sustainable is to work in harmony with nature, write BUSANI MOYO
Anyone who thinks packaging doesn’t represent a considerable environmental challenge probably hasn’t seen the ndings of the International Union for Conservation of Nature study, Plastic Pollution Regional Report from Eastern and Southern Africa Mediterranean and Southeast Asia. The study found that South Africa contributes 35 per cent of the plastic pollution leaking into southern and east Africa’s marine environment and waterways, much of it originating from packaging materials.
As e-commerce continues to grow, so does the volume of packaging material that strains the environment.
Progressive companies realise they need to reduce their environmental impact by embracing innovative, sustainable methods, such as using biodegradable materials like plant-based packaging, and implementing ef cient recycling processes. Let’s explore some solutions for reducing packaging pollution.
WORKING IN HARMONY WITH NATURE
Cassandra Gamble, responsible for Environmental Research and Communications at Green Home, says any innovations related to the packaging challenge must be based on the acceptance that “what’s really important for sustainability is a reduction in plastic packaging and for all packaging products to have a viable
end of life strategy that can work in harmony with nature”. Green Home is a Bidvest-owned supplier of environmentally friendly packaging. The company commits to “making plant-based food packaging the norm by 2030”.
Paul Raphaely, director at NOMU Brands, a Cape Town-based food and lifestyle brand producing a wide range of food products, agrees that the most innovative solutions seek to work in harmony with nature. “The biggest overall trends are always in recyclable, biodegradable, compostable and sustainable materials.”
Raphaely illustrates the importance of taking small steps. “In our case, we have tried to nd more environmentally friendly solutions such as using fully recycled compostable tape to seal our boxes, rather than plastic.”
THE CHALLENGES
If it’s clear that packaging innovations need to consider nature, why do we still use packaging that can potentially destroy the environment?
Raphaely believes this is due to cost. “The impact this has on raising end prices to consumers, combined with South Africa’s weakened spending power, is that the higher prices for these sorts of
Plant-based food packaging
Plant-based food packaging is one notable innovation that has emerged in recent years. The Plant-BasedFoodPackagingGlobalMarketReport2025 published by the Business Research Company states: “Plant-based food packaging is made from renewable, biodegradable materials, such as corn-starch, sugarcane or mushroom mycelium, designed to reduce environmental impact.”
A recent study, Novelfoodpackagingmaterialsincludingplant-basedby-products:Areview , explains the advantage of plant-based packaging is that it uses plant byproducts, which “possess strong structural and functional characteristics that can enhance the biopolymer packaging with improved barrier, mechanical, active and intelligent properties”.
Fast fact
Asked to rank who they believe should be responsible for reducing the use of nonrecyclable single-use packaging in South Africa, 36 per cent of respondents think it should be the government, 25 per cent say it is the consumer, 18 per cent point to packaging manufacturers, brands and producers while 4 per cent suggest the retailers and supermarkets.
Source: Trends Tracker Survey 2023
packaging options, unfortunately, make them hard to implement successfully. Therefore, anyone or any company attempting to pursue a more ‘green’ strategy is unlikely to appeal to the vast majority of the local consumer base as their items will almost always be far too expensive.” Gamble believes proper waste management is the solution to the challenge. “This is a huge area that needs attention, and the biggest challenge when it comes to sustainability.” She emphasises the importance of working in harmony with nature. “We need to upscale organic recycling (composting) and source separation of waste. This will divert a lot of waste, including food waste and compostable packaging, from land lls and reduce pressure on them as we are running out of available space. It will also increase recycling rates as recyclable materials will be less contaminated.”
Paul Raphaely
Cassandra Gamble
REVOLUTIONISING INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ENERGY LED and ArcelorMittal South Africa have partnered to introduce an innovative Lighting as a Service initiative to significantly reduce energy consumption, cut carbon emissions and lower operational costs across ArcelorMittal’s local facilities
Global industrial energy consumption remains a signi cant contributor to carbon emissions, with the International Energy Agency reporting that industrial sectors accounted for approximately 37 per cent of global energy use in 2024. This highlights the signi cant role industries play in energy ef ciency and necessitates a crucial focus on sustainability efforts.
Addressing this challenge, ArcelorMittal South Africa, a leading steel producer, has forged a unique partnership with Energy LED, a leader in energy-ef cient lighting. Together, they are implementing a Lighting as a Service (LaaS) that aims to transform industrial lighting while monetising carbon reductions.
This partnership is not solely about saving energy; it’s about revolutionising sustainability
L aaS IS A SUBSCRIPTION-BASED MODEL THAT ALLOWS BUSINESSES TO UPGRADE THEIR LIGHTING INFRASTRUCTURE WITHOUT THE BURDEN OF UPFRONT INVESTMENT.
in industrial operations. With a zero-capital expenditure model, substantial carbon offset opportunities and an immediate reduction in energy costs, the collaboration marks a momentous milestone in the journey towards net-zero emissions, offering signi cant energy savings and operational ef ciency.
WHAT IS LaaS?
LaaS is a subscription-based model that allows businesses to upgrade their lighting infrastructure without the burden of upfront investment. Instead of purchasing lighting systems outright, companies pay a recurring monthly fee, ensuring cost-effective access to energy-ef cient LED technology. Service
provider Energy LED facilitates the entire lighting life cycle, including designing, installing, maintaining and upgrading the lights when needed. This hassle-free, comprehensive, end-to-end service ensures businesses bene t from continuous advancements in lighting ef ciency, leading to substantial cost savings and optimising energy consumption and operational sustainability.
THE STEEL INDUSTRY: A CALL FOR URGENT ENERGY REVOLUTION
The steel industry, traditionally one of the world’s largest energy consumers, is now in urgent need of an energy revolution. It is responsible for approximately seven per cent of global CO2 emissions. To put this into perspective, if the steel industry were a country, it would rank as the third-largest emitter of CO2 globally, following China and the United States. With international climate agreements urging industries to take decisive action, nding cost-effective ways to decarbonise is more urgent than ever.
QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT: A CASE STUDY IN ENERGY SAVINGS
The rst phase of the ArcelorMittal South Africa-Energy LED initiative has already demonstrated the tangible bene ts of transitioning to LaaS:
• Carbon footprint reduction: a reduction of 5 285 tonnes of CO2 annually, contributing to ArcelorMittal South Africa’s sustainability targets. This reduction is equivalent to removing about 1 149 passenger vehicles from the road each year.
• Total project lifetime savings: over the entire project lifespan, the savings are expected to reach 50 MWh in energy and reduce 50 000 tonnes of CO2 further aligning with global sustainability goals. These savings are suf cient to power approximately 5 556 homes for an entire year. These energy ef ciencies are projected to deliver savings exceeding R140-million over the project’s 5- to 10-year lifespan, providing a remarkable nancial return in parallel with its positive environmental impact, demonstrating clearly that sustainability and pro tability can indeed go hand in hand.
Interested in cutting costs while reducing your carbon footprint?
Founded in 2014, Energy LED specialises in energy-efficient lighting solutions, helping businesses transition to LED technology through capital expenditure projects, rental agreements and LaaS models. With operations in South Africa, the United Kingdom and Belgium, Energy LED has delivered over R1.4-billion in electricity savings and prevented 809 616 tonnes of CO2 emissions. For more information, visit energy-led.co.za or contact Duran Pather at duran@energy-led.co.za.
Louis Bosch, senior specialist of energy reliability technology core support services at ArcelorMittal South Africa, comments: “We are committed to sustainability and this partnership with Energy LED is a tangible re ection of that commitment. Implementing energy-ef cient not only reduces our energy consumption by over 60 per cent, but also aligns with our broader carbon reduction goals. Through this project, we’re improving operational ef ciency and contributing to a cleaner, more sustainable future for the steel industry in Africa and beyond – without the burden of upfront capital investment.”
CEO of Energy LED Andrew Winstone adds: “Subsequent phases for the ArcelorMittal South Africa project could boost these savings by more than ve times. With results like these, the case for LaaS is clear for the entire industrial
– LOUIS BOSCH
ArcelorMittal South Africa
ArcelorMittal South Africa-Energy LED initiative
sector in Africa – businesses can achieve substantial savings while actively contributing to the global ght against climate change. This project sets a powerful precedent for reducing both energy costs and carbon footprints, and we’re proud to be leading this transformation alongside ArcelorMittal South Africa.”
HOW LaaS IS RESHAPING INDUSTRIAL ENERGY USE
This model brings several key advantages, including:
• Cost efficiency: energy savings of 62 per cent in the rst phase directly translate into reduced electricity costs, lowering operational expenses.
• Sustainability: with signi cant CO2 reductions, ArcelorMittal South Africa is actively contributing to reducing its carbon footprint, helping to meet corporate sustainability goals.
• Longer life and lower maintenance: LED lighting has a longer lifespan than traditional systems, reducing maintenance and replacement costs over time.
• Operational flexibility: spanning 5 to 10 years, the project allows for exibility without the need for capital expenditure upfront.
“We believe LaaS is more than just a nancial solution – it’s a catalyst for sustainability,” says Winstone. “By removing nancial barriers, we enable industries to embrace energy ef ciency without hesitation. This means businesses can invest more into innovation and growth, rather than costly maintenance and energy bills.”
A FINANCIAL INCENTIVE FOR SUSTAINABILITY: INTRODUCING THE CARBON OFFSET GROUPED PROJECT
Beyond reducing energy costs and carbon emissions, Energy LED’s Carbon Offset Group Project ensures businesses can monetise their sustainability efforts and fund their green transitions with minimal risk.
“By generating and selling veri ed carbon credits, ArcelorMittal South Africa and future project partners can further offset emissions while unlocking additional nancial incentives,” explains Winstone. Currently, the grouped project is in validation with the Verra external auditor and upon successful completion of this step, Energy LED lighting projects can create carbon credits.
HOW THE CARBON OFFSET GROUP PROJECT WORKS
Every tonne of CO2 emissions reduced through Energy LED’s LaaS model is converted into certi ed carbon credits, which serve as veri able proof of greenhouse gas reductions.
“BY REMOVING FINANCIAL BARRIERS, WE ENABLE INDUSTRIES TO EMBRACE ENERGY EFFICIENCY WITHOUT HESITATION. THIS MEANS BUSINESSES CAN INVEST MORE INTO INNOVATION AND GROWTH, RATHER THAN COSTLY MAINTENANCE
AND ENERGY BILLS.”
Think of carbon credits as a currency: every tonne reduced becomes an asset you can leverage for further sustainability investments. These credits can be traded on international carbon markets, providing businesses with a nancial incentive to embrace energy ef ciency while actively contributing to global decarbonisation efforts.
The revenue generated from trading these credits can be reinvested into additional sustainability initiatives, creating a self-sustaining cycle of green investment that enhances both environmental responsibility and long-term cost savings. Winstone says: “By participating in the Carbon Offset Group Project, companies can reduce their carbon footprint and unlock new economic opportunities that drive innovation and resilience in the transition towards a low-carbon economy. Participating businesses can demonstrate alignment with global sustainability regulations and investor expectations regarding compliance and environmental, social and governance reporting.”
A BLUEPRINT FOR INDUSTRIES WORLDWIDE
As businesses increasingly face pressure to decarbonise, solutions, such as LaaS and the Carbon Offset Group Project, will play a crucial role in bridging the gap between pro tability and sustainability. The partnership and success of the ArcelorMittal South Africa and Energy LED project represents the future of industrial energy ef ciency and marks just the beginning.
With potential savings for ArcelorMittal surpassing 250 000 tonnes of CO2 and
R700-million in electricity costs, the bene ts of these initiatives are undeniable, transforming sustainability commitments into measurable nancial gains.
Now is the time for industries to act boldly. The solutions exist and the results speak for themselves; it’s simply about taking the rst step.
The question is no longer why industries should embrace these innovations, but rather can they afford not to lead the change?
ANDREW WINSTONE
Metrology, the science of measurement, is fundamental to advancing sustainability efforts. Precise measurements are essential for monitoring environmental parameters, assessing the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives, and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations. For instance, accurate data on greenhouse gas emissions enables the development of effective climate policies and tracks progress toward emission reduction targets.
Source: United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Did you know?
Celebrated annually on 20 May, World Metrology Day marks the anniversary of the Metre Convention (1875), which established a global measurement system.
Source: Worldmetrologyday.org
The theme for World Metrology Day 2025 is “Measurements for all times, for all people”, chosen to highlight the importance of measurements in shaping our past, present and future. This theme has added significance in 2025, which marks the 150 th anniversary of the Metre Convention and emphasises inclusivity, recognising that reliable and traceable measurements are essential for fostering equity and improving the quality of life for all people, everywhere.
PRECISION IN POLLUTION MONITORING
Metrology is essential in measuring greenhouse gas emissions from power plants and factories and monitoring air quality in urban areas, writes TREVOR CRIGHTON
South Africa’s continued reliance on fossil fuels for energy production makes the country the planet’s 14th-largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter, largely driven by its carbon dioxide emissions.
As a member of the United Nations, the country is committed to meeting the organisation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 – one of the biggest hurdles to that is these emissions.
The measurement of emissions in South Africa is the responsibility of the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE), but the measurement standards are set by the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA). Continuous emission monitoring of key pollutants, including sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, helps safeguard every citizen’s right to a safe and healthy environment.
As part of the DFFE’s regulation, industries must conduct regular emissions monitoring. Accurate reporting is essential for South Africa, as it provides the data needed to track progress in emission reductions and enforce strategies that promote environmental sustainability.
MEASUREMENT STANDARDS TO SUPPORT EMISSION MONITORING
NMISA is responsible for disseminating measurement standards in South Africa, explains Mudalo Jozela, principal scientist
at NMISA. “Among the national measurement standards the institute develops and maintains are those for GHGs, which are utilised to monitor the country’s emissions. NMISA disseminates primary reference gas mixtures for continuous emission monitoring, contributing to air quality assessment efforts in South Africa.”
NMISA also offers a range of primary reference gas mixtures covering greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds, stack emission gases, reactive gases, ethanol and natural gas. These efforts play a crucial role in supporting the green economy and enhancing the overall quality of life for South African citizens.
“Metrology isn’t just about numbers; it’s about what we do with them,” says GHG lead veri er and metrologist driving sustainability solutions, Dr Tamador Salih. “It’s the invisible force that makes sustainability measurable, policies enforceable and progress undeniable. Over the last decade, improved measurement standards have helped cut industrial emissions by 20 per cent in some regions and increase renewable energy ef ciency by over 15 per cent.”
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL STANDARDS
“The metrology systems, which re ect NMISA’s capabilities in supporting air quality monitoring, are highly advanced and continue to evolve to meet South Africa’s measurement needs in the air quality sector,” explains Jozela.
She says reliable and accurate emission monitoring is essential for assessing the effectiveness of mitigation strategies and environmental management tools aimed at reducing air pollution, ultimately leading to a better quality of life. “Accurate monitoring of pollutant emissions enables the responsible department to enforce accountability and impose penalties on industries that exceed established emission thresholds.”
Dr Salih concurs: “Accurate measurement is central to understanding climate change by identifying long-term trends of small magnitude from data that can vary enormously over very short timescales. Millions of measurements are made every day, covering some 50 essential climate variables, using different techniques, all around the world. The data has to be consistent so it is meaningful and can be combined, by making measurements that are fully traceable to International System of Units, ensuring stability of measurement over time.
“The emergence of emissions monitoring, carbon trading and other technologies, such as carbon capture and storage, all bring their own measurement challenges.”
Renewable energy offers signi cant potential for economies to lower emissions and decarbonise industries by reducing reliance on fossil fuels for electricity generation.
In South Africa, the exploration of renewable resources is driving the transition toward a low-carbon economy, further supporting environmental sustainability efforts. NMISA is actively developing its capabilities to assist in the adoption of various renewable energy solutions, including green hydrogen and the conversion of biogas to biomethane. These initiatives are aligned with the country’s decarbonisation strategy and contribute to improving air quality, helping South Africa move toward a cleaner, more sustainable future.
“RELIABLE AND ACCURATE EMISSION MONITORING IS ESSENTIAL FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS AIMED AT REDUCING AIR POLLUTION.” – MUDALO JOZELA
Mudalo Jozela
BETTER MEASUREMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Measurement without action is ineffective, but a lack of action based on data availability yields no results. How do we harness the power of metrology to help us achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals?
By TREVOR CRIGHTON
What we cannot measure, we cannot manage, says GHG lead veri er and metrologist driving sustainability solutions Dr Tamador Salih. “Imagine tackling climate change without knowing how much CO 2 we’re emitting. How would we ensure clean water if we couldn’t detect contaminants? How would we transition to renewable energy if we couldn’t measure ef ciency? Metrology, the science of measurement, is the backbone of real solutions.”
Dr Salih says without metrology – without precision and accountability – we would struggle not just to monitor progress, but also to enforce regulations, drive innovation and make meaningful change.
ACCURACY IS KEY
When it comes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), metrology ensures those numbers mean something and can be trusted. “At national level, most countries have a National Statistical Of ce that gathers data on key sustainability indicators, such as air quality, poverty rates and renewable energy adoption, following internationally recognised methods to ensure consistency. At global level, organisations compile and standardise this data, making it comparable across countries,” Dr Salih says. “Then, it needs to be independently veri ed by scienti c institutions, independent
think tanks and private organisations to ensure it is accurate and meets global quality standards.”
MAKING THE NUMBERS WORK
When it comes to metrology helping determine the success of global efforts to meet the SDGs, Dr Salih feels that some areas have seen real progress, but in others, progress is far too slow. “Renewable energy is expanding, healthcare technologies are advancing and industries are becoming more ef cient, but in others, like climate action, progress is far too slow. Emissions remain high and, despite ambitious commitments, the pace of real change isn’t keeping up.”
In her opinion, the elements holding back progress include measurement gaps, with some countries lacking the infrastructure and expertise to collect accurate data, making it hard to track real progress, a disconnect between data and action – where governments collect massive amounts of data, but don’t appear to be using it to make informed policy decisions – and the need for better indicators, since some SDG metrics still don’t capture real-world challenges, meaning the wrong things may be measured or key aspects of progress may be missed.
LOOKING AHEAD WITH OPTIMISM
The good news is that metrology is evolving rapidly. “More governments are realising the importance of data-driven policies and
international collaboration is improving measurement standards across the board,” says Dr Salih. “Reliable data leads to better decisions, stronger policies and real-world impact. If we focus on better measurement and accountability, we can turn slow progress into real momentum.”
Fast fact
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization joined the global metrology community at the 2018 General Conference on Weights and Measures in Paris to vote on the redefinition of the International System of Units (SI), changing the world’s definition of the kilogram, the ampere, the kelvin and the mole – four of the seven SI base units. By redefining these measurements in terms of constants, all of the SI units are expressed in terms of constants of physics that can be observed in the natural world, which will guarantee their stability and universality in the future.
Source: United Nations Industrial Development Organization
“WITHOUT METROLOGY – WITHOUT PRECISION AND ACCOUNTABILITY – WE WOULD STRUGGLE NOT JUST TO MONITOR PROGRESS, BUT ALSO TO ENFORCE REGULATIONS, DRIVE INNOVATION AND MAKE MEANINGFUL CHANGE.” – DR TAMADOR SALIH
