Social Studies Form 2
Stephanie Cann
Social Studies
Form 2
1. Our identity Identities are a set of characteristics that define a person or a thing. Your identity is ‘who you are’. Everyone is different from each other not only in physically but also in character.
Character: Calm Nervous Funny Honest Intelligent Caring Friendly
Physical: Tall Short Old Young Skinny Fair Blond
Some things develop and change over time e.g. personality, interests, beliefs etc. When one looks and ask what is our or my identity we need understand that it represents our sense. This means that when we are growing up our identity is growing up and maturing with us, whilst becoming different from other people such as our parents, brother or sisters. Identity is formed through a number of factors:
Gender
Age
Nationality
Class
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Different aspects of identity Identity
Depends on our character.
Refers to our role in locality.
For example: an honest friend or a caring woman.
Example: the dialect and the feast of our village.
Refers to those factors which unites us. Example: when individuals from different countries offer their help to those in need.
Refers to our role in society.
Refers to our role in society.
Example: at school, with friends and in the community.
Examples: national anthem, language, flag and national holidays.
(5 marks) 2. Socialisation What is Socialisation? S______________ is learning to become a member of a g________ and society in which one lives, and is one way that societies continue through time.
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Once a child is born s/he is not programmed to do everything and understand
everything.
Therefore,
individuals need to understand what is a________ and what’s not accepted in s___________. Norms - what is the accepted ways of behaving in a certain community. For example at school a students should use proper behaviour towards the teachers and they should conduct a behaviour in such a way that they will not be offensive to others. Values - general beliefs of what is right and wrong. For example a value which is adopted in most countries is that everyone has the right to live in peace without the risk of harm. Socialisation does not stop at a certain age, but will continue through life. Thus, this continuation is called the process of socialisation. (4 marks) 3. The individual in Social Groups As we have discussed in the previous lesson the individual is not meant to live alone. This can be seen all over were we look, for example at school kids try and find other kids who are similar in their 3
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tastes and as they mature and start to understand themselves they can determine whether the other kids are similar to them. When kids find their similar self they tend to form groups. These social groups are: Groups in society who have similar ideas and relations with each other. Social groups are divided into two groups:
Is a small social group whose members
They interact on a less personal level
share close, personal, relationships.
than in a primary group, and their relationships are temporary rather than long lasting.
Every group has his own personal interest, Norms (rules) and Values. These groups can be a positive influence to society by helping other people, or a Negative influence to society by vandalizing. (3 marks) 4. Sports, Media and Religion 1. What are social groups? ______________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)
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2. You form part of different social groups. Write about the social groups that you form part of? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark) 3. How does this group help us in our socialisation process? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark) 5. Agents of Socialisation Socialisation
does
not
happen
once
however it continues, because of different meetings with different people.
These
people might have different influences on us, and this may leave different impacts on us.
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Those who are able to influence us are called the agents of Socialisation. The agents of socialisation are divided into two: ďƒ˜ Primary
-
A
socialisation through
child's begins
primary at
interaction
with
birth his
parents and family. ďƒ˜ Secondary
-
Secondary
Socialisation occurs from late childhood and continues as we mature into adults. It teaches us how
to
behave
as
human
beings
Answer the following questions in the given space: 1. The agents of socialisation are divided in two. What are they? ________________________________________________________________________ (1mark) 6
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1 What are you seeing in the picture? Are they primary or secondary agents of socialisation? Give a reason for your answer.
_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ (2 marks) 6. Family Models Your family is the most important part of who you are. Your family is there for emotional support. The family is where we acquire our specific social position in society.
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If your family is rich then you are in a different social class than if they are middle class or poor.
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Draw your own family tree in the space provided.
7. Changes in family types Write 100 words on the following: 1. Do you think that families have changed? 2. Why? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ (5 marks) 10
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8. Formal, informal and non-formal education Education is essential for everyone. It is the level of education
that
helps
people
earn
respect
and
recognition. Only with education can people gain knowledge and enlarge their view over the world. There are three different types of education:
____________________
_____________________
Guided by a formal
No formal curriculum.
curriculum. Leads
to
a
recognized such
No
qualifications
as
a
school
Teacher
is
simply
with
more
someone
and is often guided and
experience such as a
recognized
parent, grandparent or
by
a friend.
some
level.
formal
be
led
by
a
qualified teacher or by a
leader
with
experience. It doesn’t result in a formal qualification.
Teachers
a
curriculum. May
diploma or a degree,
at
by
earned.
formally
credential
government
May or may not be guided
_____________________
are
usually
trained as professionals
Example a babysitter teaching a child their ABC’s.
Builds
an
individual’s
skills and capacities.
in some way. Example boy scouts for children.
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Although
How
these
types
of
different education
the
As a matter of fact,
educational systems of
everything we create
different countries are
today is based on the
not similar, they have
knowledge
to share a common
that
we
obtain throughout our
goal
life
provide its citizens a
by
way
of
which
is
education. Education
suitable
assists
learning. In conclusion,
scientists
in
and
to
proper
can affect your social
inventing
equipment
education
is
upbringing
and devices, resulting
absolutely
beneficial
in a high technology
for
nowadays.
whole. It is a life-long
and
development? Education
has
society
process
a
on
to
the each
Although
education
person that needs to
human life.
has
significant
be
For example, learning
influence on life, the
by
average education is
positive
effect
watching
on
TV
or
a
reading books gives
not
people
huge
different areas. There
amount of information
are still some places
about anything they
where
are interested in such
almost
as current news, other
uneducated. Because
countries' cultures and
the development of a
so on.
country
a
the
same
people
reinforced
throughout life.
in
are
completely
depends
vastly on the standard Moreover, may
people
of education, it must
more
do everything in its
become
useful and civilized if
power to improve it.
better educated.
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9. Social Control In
today’s society, one
can
see
the
difference in the way people are being controlled. It’s difficult to have a strict social control. In the past, people were controlled from a dictator or a monarch who has absolute power and may run the country with military power. However today society is driven from a democratic system. In a democratic society there are two types of control:
Control which is being governed by the government or any other law enforcement eg the police.
Control by society as a whole by seeing which Norms are being broken.
If individuals obey the law, they are given a Positive Sanction while those who do not obey are given a negative sanction. 1. _______________ Sanctions: A prize is given to those individuals who do something good in society. Eg a medal 2. ________________ Sanctions: A punishment is given to those who break the Norms or laws in society. (5 marks) A. Word search
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1.
socialisation
2.
values
3.
norms
4.
agents
5.
socialcontrol
6.
dictator
7.
monarch
8.
Sanctions
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(8 marks)
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B. Short questions: 1. What is the process of socialisation? ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the difference between Primary and Secondary agents of socialisation? Primary Socialization: _________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Secondary Socialization: ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is social control? ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the difference between Formal and Informal social control? Formal social control: ___________________________________________________________________________ Informal social control: ___________________________________________________________________________ (8 marks)
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10. Democracy
(4 marks) The word comes from the Greek word demos meaning ‘the people’. In a part of Ancient Greece called Athens, democracy
required
participation
of
the
people. The Greeks established the Assembly, a body of citizens that made decisions and voted on issues that affected everyone. All citizens could participate. Decisions made in the Assembly had to be approved by another group of citizens called the
Council. By
participating in government, all these citizens were giving their permission, or consent, for that government to operate. There are different forms of Democracy: Direct
-
People
make
decisions
for
themselves. Representative
democracy
-
Politicians
make these decisions on our behalf.
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Rights and responsibilities In a Democratic society the government exists to serve the people; the people do not exist to serve the government. While the state protects the rights of its citizens, in return, the citizens give the state their loyalty. When citizens in a democracy vote, for example, they are exercising
their
right
and
responsibility to determine who shall rule in their name. Similarly,
citizens
in
a
democracy enjoy the right to join
organizations
of
their
choosing that are independent of
government
and
to
participate freely in the public life of their society. At the same time, citizens must accept the responsibility
that
such
participation entails: educating themselves about the issues, demonstrating dealing opposing
with
tolerance
in
those
holding
views,
and
compromising when necessary to reach agreement. 17
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11. Characteristics of democracy Apply your knowledge about democracy to a real life situation where you find a democratic environment. Discuss the following: 
Rights

Responsibilities
Write your points here: _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ (4 marks)
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12. Democracy and other political systems
Dictatorship _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
Monarchy ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________
Communism __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ (3 marks)
What makes a good citizen? (Keep in mind both values and civic responsibilities) __________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)
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13. Political System in Malta
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14. National and local government A centralized government puts all power and responsibility at the top of the political system. Full centralization is the process by which the activities of a country, particularly those regarding decisionmaking are not delegated with bottom institutions. Decentralization is when power is divided. In Malta, the political power is divided between the national government and the local government. In Malta, decentralization started in 1993 with the introduction of local councils. Malta has been subdivided into 68 local councils. Malta and the European Union The European Union countries have joined together to work for peace and prosperity, while benefiting from the many cultures, traditions and different languages of the continent. The countries of the European Union have several bodies that run the EU. The main ones are: The European Parliament –
debating and passing laws
elected every five years by the people of Europe
the present Parliament, has 736 members from all 27 EU countries
called every month
The Council of the EU –
4 times a year, the heads of EU member states meet
The future of the EU is discussed during these meetings
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The European Commission –
manages the daily performance of EU policies and spending EU funds
ensure that everyone abides by the European treaties and laws
has 27 ministers, called commissioners appointed every five years
Malta as a member of the European Union In March 2003, the people of Malta made a historic decision by voting yes at the Accession Referendum to join, with the existing Member States of the European Union and the other Accession countries, forming a Union of twenty-five Member States. That decision was confirmed by the signing of the Accession Treaty in Athens on 16th of April, 2003. On the 1st of May 2004 Malta took its place as a Member State of the European Union. Schengen area Schengen is a village in southern Luxembourg near the Moselle River that has become synonymous for the abolition of controls at internal borders and free movement in Europe. The evolution of the Schengen area has been gradual. Besides being recognized internationally, Maltese citizens now no longer need a passport to cross from one country to another without any restrictions.
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Crossword
Across
Down
3. A form of government with a
1. Another word for 'demos'.
monarch at the head. 6. A conclusion reached by the government. 7. A time when people vote in order to choose someone for a political job.
2. When power is divided. 4. Country
where
democracy
first
flourished. 5. A country without a king or queen, usually
governed
by
elected
representatives of the people.
8. The state of being, or being ruled by, a dictator.
(8 marks) 23
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15. Work Work is an essential part of human life because it contributes
to
one’s
personal,
social
and
economic development. Even if we all enjoy our free time, too much of doing nothing is not healthy. Why? Because we all urge to do something that is useful to us and to the wider society. a. How is work useful to us? ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ (3 marks) Work is important for three main reasons: a) Work provides each and every one of us with a sense of identity. It becomes a label which we use to describe ourselves and which others use naturally to describe us. b) Work has a very important social meaning societies
because are
based
modern on
the
principle of interdependence. This is the division of labour, where social members each have specialised roles and tasks in society.
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c) Work also serves an economic purpose. Work is that activity which enables the transformation of matter into products and services which have a value and can therefore be sold. The individuals who work can be: An employee – a worker who is paid a wage or salary by someone else for the work performed. An employer - in contrast, does not necessarily work, but engages a number of employees to work and in turn provides them with a wage or salary A self-employed – a worker who is responsible for whatever is done, earning a wage or salary in the process. A workers’ co-operative - would be a group of self-employed persons working together.
16. Unemployment and poverty Unemployment and poverty are the two major challenges that are facing the world economy at present. Unemployment leads to financial crisis. This in turn results in poverty. Now, poverty can be described in several ways. As per the World Bank definition, poverty implies a financial condition where people are unable to maintain the minimum standard of living. Poverty can be of different types:
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______________________ : is a level of poverty that leaves
individuals
without
the
fundamental
requirements of life like shelter (housing), food, or clothing _______________________:
is
when
someone’s
standard of living or finances are low when compared to that of the rest of their society. Whatever be the type of poverty, the basic reason has always been lack of adequate income. (2 marks) Many factors contribute to poverty. Such as: a) low-quality education b) lack of adequate food and healthcare c) geographic location (discrimination that plagues people of colour in the United States. Unemployment
and
disproportionately non-dominant
affect
poverty members
groups—that
of
is, groups
that have historically been oppressed. But it’s important to know that although you may often hear myths that people who live in poverty are lazy, individuals are rarely responsible for their own unemployment and poverty. The reasons that higher percentages of people in non-dominant groups suffer from unemployment and poverty are social and political—not individual.
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Unemployment affects not only the unemployed and their immediate family, but also the wider community. Unfortunately,
unemployment
and
poverty can lead to social exclusion, bad habits, crime and vandalism. 17. Work and consumerism Work is defined as the activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a result. Most of the time individuals work to improve their way of life. This shows the relationship between work, money and consumerism: Work = money = consumerism is defined as the practice of an increasing consumption of goods. In other words, people consume products and services according to the type of work they perform. Work, money and consumerism are related and together these affect how we live and behave in our community. Unfortunately,
we
live
in
a
society
where
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individuals believe that money can buy happiness. This idea is fuelled by the technology of advertising which makes us believe that who we are is tied to what we own, and that happiness is available if we spend and acquire material goods at a greater rate. The production of products The products we buy involve considerable time and work to be produced. Moreover, it is important to note that in the production process many people are involved. All these people have a specific role and task to do.
Consumer rights and responsibilities Historically the 15 March 1962 is considered to be the first milestone in defining basic consumer rights . This recalls a memorable address by the US President John F. Kennedy to the American Congress when JFK identified four basic consumer rights. Since JFK's address in 1962 the consumer movement has developed a vision based on a universally recognized set of eight basic rights. These basic rights are the foundations which underlie much of the consumer protection legislation which has been enacted to date. The eight basic rights as identified by the international community are:
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Ghaqda tal-Konsumaturi Malta The Ghaqda tal-Konsumaturi was set up on 3rd April 1982. It is the only consumers’ association on the Island. It is recognised under the Consumers’ Affairs Act of 1994. The Ghaqda has 4 main principal areas of activity: 1. It acts as a representative for the local consumers. 2. It educates the consumers.
It believes that it is better to educate
consumers as only educated consumers can make good choices and be aware of their rights. 3. It offers client services. The basic aim is to protect consumers. 4. It acts as a pressure group.
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