ISeasonal Changes in Daylight
Bashir's Farm
STEM
Grade 1
Next Generation Science
1-ESS1-2 Earth’s Place in the Universe: Make observations at different times of year to relate the amount of daylight to the time of year.
Made with recyclable paper
(Not ceramic coated)
Copyright © STEMTaught MMXXII
Published by STEMTaught, California
Copyright STEMTaught. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may by reproduced or distributed in any form, by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, and recording, or posting electronically in any location, any database or memory device without the prior written consent from STEMTaught.
Subscribing STEMTaught schools and teachers may reproduce and distribute STEMTaught material for use with their students.
The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) are reproduced with permission from the Department of Education.
Written
by
Jake Hunter, Beth Hunter and Aysha Imtiaz
Illustrated by Bella Hunter
Seasonal Changes in Daylight: Bashir’s Farm
Student Edition ISBN 978-1-952346-30-9
Teacher Edition ISBN 978-1-952346-40-8
Edition 3
STEM
Grade 1
Next Generation Science
1-ESS1-2 Earth’s Place in the Universe: Make observations at different times of year to relate the amount of daylight to the time of year.
5:00 AM
Pakistan
Hello, students! As you’re reading this in school, it’s probably morning or afternoon. But where I live, it might be the middle of the night! My name is Aysha, and I live in Pakistan. Our world has so many amazing processes that turn day to night and night to day. Sometimes, the length of days also changes. Let’s learn more about how and why this happens.
Aysha Imtiaz STEMTaught, Karachi,
Can you guess all four seasons?
I am the season that brings new flowers and baby lambs.
What season is it?
I am the season that bring the longest daylight to the land.
What season is it?
I am the season that brings yellow, orange and red leaves.
What season is it?
I am the season that brings early evenings and icy cold air.
What season is it?
Lesson Anchor
Make a Sundial
One of the first instruments people used to tell time was a sundial. A sundial has an object that stands upright and casts a shadow.
What you'll need:
- a stick, a toy, Lego building bricks, or something straight to cast a shadow
- a paper plate or a piece of paper
- a pencil or marker
What you'll do:
You can make a sundial out of almost anything!
Try using building bricks, a stick, a pencil, or something else to create one. See if you can use it to tell time.
Use your materials to make a sundial. 5:00 AM
This sundial is made from a paper plate and a pencil.
Got batteries?
Sundials are used to tell time
Observe these photos and the sundial you made to discover how a sundial can tell us the time.
Sundials can be found in ancient ruins and on modern buildings.
Can you explain it?
How does a Sundial work? How can it tell us the time of day? Think, Pair, Share!
My Awesome Sundial
Draw your sundial here.
How does the shadow cast by your sundial change throughout the day?
Explain the Phenomenon!
Make a Sundial
As the sun moves across the sky, the shadow cast by the stick changes position, allowing people to estimate the time of day based on the direction that the shadow points.
A sundial showing the time based on the position of its shadow.
How does a sundial work? Think, Pair, Share!
Lesson Anchor
It's always daytime somewhere!
When one half of the world is sleeping, the other half is awake. That’s because only half of our planet faces the sun at one time.
When it’s daytime on one half of the Earth, it’s night-time in the other half.
What do you notice about day and night from the photo? Think, Pair, Share!
Do you ever turn round and round in circles?
That’s what our Earth does, too. It takes 24 hours for it to turn around completely, which is why one day on Earth is 24 hours. When it is daytime, you are facing the Sun. When it is night-time, your side of the world is not facing the Sun.
How many hours does it take the Earth to spin around one time?
Earth's rotation makes our day!
Get ready, scientists! We’re going to make observations about how the sun brightens up our world.
What you will need:
- A ball with one line drawn across the middle (the widest part)
- A small piece of masking tape for each student
- A flashlight
What you will do:
Write your name on the piece of tape.
Stick your tape anywhere you want on the ball.
Hold the flashlight near the ball and observe.
You have made a tiny model of the sun and the earth!
As you turn the ball around and around, try to notice whose name tag is in the light and whose is in the dark. This is a model of why we have day and night on Earth!
Your ball has a line drawn across the middle of it. The planet Earth also has an imaginary line around the middle. This line is called the equator.
Can you explain it?
Which pieces of tape get the brightest light?
My observations
Take a close look at your piece of tape as light shines on it. Record your observations.
Draw where you placed your tape on the ball.
My name tape was ... (Circle one)
Far from the equator
The amount of light it got was ... (Circle one)
Very little Close to the equator A lot! On the equator
The most
Describe what you observed.
Have you ever stood next to a campfire or heater? It is much hotter when you are close to it. You can feel the same effect on the Earth.
The closer to the equator you live, the brighter and warmer the Sun’s light is.
1. What part of the Earth do you think would be warmed most by the Sun’s light?
Think, Pair, Share!
2. Where on the Earth would you put ice cream if you wanted it to melt fastest?
Hamnah's Diary
Hamnah loves writing in her diary. She writes about her friends and the games she plays, but her favorite thing to write about are her sheep and goats! She keeps them in her pasture.
My baby goat is so cute!
Hamnah is responsible for caring for her sheep. The best part of Hamnah’s day is when she can play with the animals in the pasture. The time she dislikes most is when it gets dark and she has to come inside for bedtime.
These are my new baby lambs! What should I name them? When does it get dark outside? Does sunset always happen at the same time?
Think, Pair, Share!
What does Hamnah’s diary tell us about daylight through the seasons?
Hamnah's Diary Top Secret!!
July 14 Summer time!
Today we sheared my sheep, Sunny. She was scared, so I read her a story. The Sun did not set until 9:00 pm, so I kept reading to her until it got dark. It must be strange to lose your wool!
Draw Hamnah shearing Sunny.
January 25 Winter March 6 It's spring!
The days are now very short. I wish I could spend more time in Sunny's pasture. It gets dark at 5:00 pm now, and Mom makes me come inside so quickly!
Baby lambs were born today! They look cute, wobbling as they walk. The days are getting longer and it stays light till 7:00 pm. Now, I have more time to play.
Draw baby sheep
Seasons bring cool and warm weather
Seasons happen all over the Earth at different times of the year. In some places there are four seasons–winter, spring, summer, and fall.
Winter can be cold, dark and icy
Spring brings long cool days, rain and flowers
Summer brings longer days, perfect for growing plants
Fall brings colder weather, shorter days and leaves change colors
These are photos of the same tree through the seasons. Study the photos. Glue the cut-outs in their correct box.
My tree in ...
Spring
Cut out the trees on the dotted lines.
My tree in ...
Summer
My tree in ...
Fall Winter
My tree in ...
Not all places on Earth have four seasons.
Many places have a wet and a dry season called a monsoon season. Monsoons bring heavy rains.
Sunlight warms the Earth
The length of a day changes throughout the year. Winter days are shorter and have less sunlight. Summer days are longer and receive more warmth from the Sun.
Draw what you like to do in the summer.
Sunlight warms the Earth, melts ice and helps plants grow.
What is this season?
(Place: Washington state) Nov 23, 7:06 pm
About what time is sunset in this photo?
Can you tell from the photo what season this is?
How does the time of sunset compare to your bedtime?
What is this season?
Dec 24 5:33 pm
(Place: Washington state)
About what time is sunset in this photo?
Can you tell from the photo what season this is?
How does the time of sunset compare to your bedtime?
What is this season?
April 12, 7:12 pm
(Place: Washington state)
About what time is sunset in this photo?
Can you tell from the photo what season this is?
How does the time of sunset compare to your bedtime?
What is this season?
July 15, 8:52 pm
(Place: Washington state)
About what time is sunset in this photo?
Can you tell from the photo what season this is?
How does the time of sunset compare to your bedtime?
Color each bar to show time of sunset during different seasons in Washington state.
Time of Sunset
(In Seattle, Washington)
5:00 pm 6:00 pm 7:00 pm 8:00 pm 9:00 pm 5:30 pm 6:30 pm 7:30 pm 8:30 pm 9:30 pm 10:00 pm
Sunset happens at different times throughout the year.
Think, Pair, Share!
What does the graph show us about how long days are through the seasons?
What season has the longest days?
What season has the shortest days?
What happens to the length of a day between summer and fall seasons?
song time!
Sing to the tune of,
“Old MacDonald Had A Farm
”
Our old Sun is lots of fun, Ee - ay - ee - ay - oh! It gives light to everyone, Ee - ay - ee - ay - oh!
With more hours here And less hours there Here a change, there a change, Summer has a longer day
Our old Sun is lots of fun, Ee - ay - ee - ay - oh!
What is daylight savings?
In fall, some places choose to set clocks back one hour. In the spring, the clocks are set forward one hour. Because the hour that the Sun rises can change, daylight savings is a way to get one extra hour of daylight into the hours that most people are awake.
When days get too short, we can set the clock back an hour to enjoy more daylight.
The man who invented daylight savings, George Hudson, actually thought of the idea because he collected bugs. When there was less daylight, it was harder for him to collect bugs, so he wanted more time with the Sun out.
It’s a lot easier to spot bugs in the daylight! What else is easier to do when the Sun is out?
Can you explain it?
Explain the Phenomenon
How does the length of a day change through the seasons?
Which season has the shortest days?
In the summer, the days:
Think, Pair, Share!
Are longer
Are shorter
Stay the same
bashir's farm
Try to read
Bashir lives on a farm. He and his animals get up with the Sun.
Read to me:
This is Bashir. He has a farm in Pakistan. He wakes up at 5:00 AM and likes to go to bed early. Bashir depends on his trusty alarm clock to wake him up in the morning.
A long time ago, Pakistan tried to observe daylight savings time. Bashir tried also.
It was 8:00 PM and the Sun was setting. Bashir moved the hand on his clock back one hour. Tired, he went to bed.
Why did Bashir set his clock back one hour?
Can you set Bashir’s clock to 7:00 PM? Draw the minute and hour hands. PM Think, Pair, Share! 7:00 PM
Try to read
One day Bashir did not get up with the Sun. The rooster called, but Bashir did not get up.
Read to me:
The next morning when the Sun rose, Bashir was still in bed.
“Cock-a-doodle-doooo! Cock-a-doodle-dooo!” His rooster called out loudly.
Bashir tossed and turned. He glared at his clock. According to the clock, it was only 4:00 AM. It was still too early to wake up but his rooster didn’t seem to know that.
Bashir did not get out of bed.
Can you make Bashir’s clock show 4:00 AM? Draw the minute and hour hands on the clock. AM
Think, Pair, Share!
Why did Bashir’s rooster wake up before Bashir? 4:00 AM
Try
to read
The dog was sad. He wanted to go for a walk.
Read to me:
Bashir’s rooster was confused. Every morning, he was happily greeted and fed at sunrise. But today, Bashir wasn’t coming out of his room. The hungry rooster called out louder, “Cock-a-doodle-doo! Cock-a-doodleDOO!!!!”
Bashir heard a scratching sound on his door. His dog was also used to going for a walk to the pasture at sunrise.
Bashir looked at the clock again. It was 4:45 AM. He still had 15 minutes to sleep.
“It’s still too early!” He called out to the animals grumpily from underneath his covers.
Can you make Bashir’s clock show 4:45 AM? AM
Think, Pair, Share!
Why were Bashir’s animals impatient with him? 4:45 AM
Try to read
The animals made noise to get Bashir out of bed.
Read to me:
All the animals were grumpy. The dog started barking at Bashir’s door. The goats, began to bleat loudly. All the noise woke up the cat, who usually slept in.
“Cock-a-doodle-doo!”
“Meow!”
“Ruff, ruff, ruff!”
“Meeeh, meeeh!”
Bashir had pulled his pillow over his head, but he couldn’t take it any more!
Bashir quickly got up and rushed out to care for the animals. It was only 5:00 AM, but it was already too late!
Think, Pair, Share!
How late did the animals think Bashir was? 5:00 AM
Can you make Bashir’s clock show 5:00 AM? AM
Try to read
The animals were not happy. The cat was bad.
Read to me:
The cat, annoyed at being woken up, was now chasing the chicks and the chicken was running after her angrily. The rooster pecked the dog and the goats were grumpy.
Try to read
The
cows were so mad that they did not give any milk.
Read to me:
Bashir’s cows were upset with him too. They refused to be milked. The farm was a disaster!
Try to read
The farm was a mess. Bashir was sorry.
Read to me:
Bashir promised himself he would never follow Daylight Savings Time again.
Try to read
Now, Bashir gets up with the Sun to be with his animals every day.
Read to me:
From now on, he would simply wake up with the sunrise and his rooster would be his trusty alarm clock.
Fun-Dixie Journal Entry
Draw yourself exploring science in this unit.
What was your favorite part of this learning unit?
When you read the STEMTaught Journal and do the fun activities inside, sometimes you just want to draw and write about it!
Royal STEMTaught Post
