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Seasonal Changes in Daylight Bashir's Farm STEM

Grade 1

Next Generation Science

1-ESS1-2 Earth’s Place in the Universe: Make observations at different times of year to relate the amount of daylight to the time of year.

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Written by Jake Hunter, Beth Hunter and Aysha Imtiaz Illustrated by Bella Hunter

Seasonal Changes in Daylight: Bashir’s Farm Student Edition ISBN 978-1-952346-30-9 Teacher Edition ISBN 978-1-952346-40-8 Edition 3

STEM

Grade 1

Next Generation Science

1-ESS1-2 Earth’s Place in the Universe: Make observations at different times of year to relate the amount of daylight to the time of year.

5:00 AM 1

Aysha Imtiaz STEMTaught, Karachi, Pakistan

Hello, students! As you’re reading this in school, it’s probably morning or afternoon. But where I live, it might be the middle of the night! My name is Aysha, and I live in Pakistan. Our world has so many amazing processes that turn day to night and night to day. Sometimes, the length of days also changes. Let’s learn more about how and why this happens.

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Can you guess all four seasons?

I am the season that brings new flowers and baby lambs.

What season is it?

I am the season that bring the longest daylight to the land.

What season is it?

I am the season that brings yellow, orange and red leaves.

What season is it?

I am the season that brings early evenings and icy cold air.

What season is it?

3

L esson Anchor

Make a Sundial One of the first instruments people used to tell time was a sundial. A sundial has an object that stands upright and casts a shadow.

What you'll need: - a stick, a toy, Lego building bricks, or something straight to cast a shadow - a paper plate or a piece of paper - a pencil or marker What you'll do: Use your materials to make a sundial.

4

You can make a sundial out of almost anything!

Try using building bricks, a stick, a pencil, or something else to create one. See if you can use it to tell time.

This sundial is made from a paper plate and a pencil.

Got es? batteri

5:00 AM

Sundials are used to tell time Observe these photos and the sundial you made to discover how a sundial can tell us the time.

Sundials can be found in ancient ruins and on modern buildings.

Can you explain it?

How does a Sundial work? How can it tell us the time of day?

Think, Pair, Share!

5

My Awesome Sundial Draw your sundial here.

How does the shadow cast by your sundial change throughout the day?

Explain the Phenomenon!

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Make a Sundial As the sun moves across the sky, the shadow cast by the stick changes position, allowing people to estimate the time of day based on the direction that the shadow points.

A sundial showing the time based on the position of its shadow.

How does a sundial work?

Think, Pair, Share!

7

L esson Anchor

It's always daytime somewhere!

When one half of the world is sleeping, the other half is awake. That’s because only half of our planet faces the sun at one time.

When it’s daytime on one half of the Earth, it’s night-time in the other half.

What do you notice about day and night from the photo?

8

Think, Pair, Share!

Do you ever turn round and round in circles?

That’s what our Earth does, too. It takes 24 hours for it to turn around completely, which is why one day on Earth is 24 hours. When it is daytime, you are facing the Sun. When it is night-time, your side of the world is not facing the Sun.

How many hours does it take the Earth to spin around one time?

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Earth's rotation makes our day!

Get ready, scientists! We’re going to make observations about how the sun brightens up our world.

What you will need: - A ball with one line drawn across the middle (the widest part) - A small piece of masking tape for each student - A flashlight What you will do:

1.

Write your name on the piece of tape.

2.

Stick your tape anywhere you want on the ball.

3.

Hold the flashlight near the ball and observe.

You have made a tiny model of the sun and the earth!

10

As you turn the ball around and around, try to notice whose name tag is in the light and whose is in the dark.

This is a model of why we have day and night on Earth!

Your ball has a line drawn across the middle of it. The planet Earth also has an imaginary line around the middle. This line is called the equator.

Can you explain it?

Which pieces of tape get the brightest light?

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My observations Take a close look at your piece of tape as light shines on it. Record your observations.

Draw where you placed your tape on the ball.

My name tape was ...

Far from the equator

(Circle one)

Close to the equator

The amount of light it got was ...

Very little 12

A lot!

On the equator

(Circle one) The most

Describe what you observed.

Have you ever stood next to a campfire or heater? It is much hotter when you are close to it. You can feel the same effect on the Earth.

The closer to the equator you live, the brighter and warmer the Sun’s light is.

1. What part of the Earth do you think would be warmed most by the Sun’s light?

2. Where on the Earth would

Think, Pair, you put ice cream if you wanted Share! it to melt fastest?

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Hamnah's Diary Hamnah loves writing in her diary. She writes about her friends and the games she plays, but her favorite thing to write about are her sheep and goats! She keeps them in her pasture.

oat is My baby g

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so cute!

Hamnah is responsible for caring for her sheep.

The best part of Hamnah’s day is when she can play with the animals in the pasture. The time she dislikes most is when it gets dark and she has to come inside for bedtime.

These are m y new baby lambs! Wha I name them t should ?

When does it get dark outside? Does sunset always happen at the same time?

Think, Pair, Share!

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aylight through ry tell us about d

nah’s dia

What does Ham

the seasons?

y r ia D 's h a n m Ha Secret!!

Top

July 14 Summer time!

, p e e h s y m d e r a Today w e she d a e r I o s , d e r a c s Sunny. She w as un did not set S e h T . y r o t s a r he o t g in d a e r t p e k I until 9:00 pm, so rk. It must be a her until it got d ur w ool! o y e s lo o t e g n a r t s earing Sunny.

Draw Hamnah sh

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January 25 W inter

t. r o h s y r e v w o n e The days ar e in im t e r o m d n e p s I w ish I could t a k r a d s t e g It . e Sunny's pastur Mom makes me d n a , w o n m p 0 :0 5 ! ly k ic u q o s e id s come in March 6 !

It's spring

! y a d o t n r o b e r e w s b m a l ey y h t s Bab a g in l b b o w , e t u c k o o l ger n o l g They in t t e g e r a s y a d e h w, T o N . m p w alk.

0 0 : 7 till t h ig l s y a t s and it ay. l p o t e im t e I have mor Draw baby

sheep

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Seasons bring cool and warm w eather Seasons happen all over the Earth at different times of the year. In some places there are four seasons–winter, spring, summer, and fall.

Winter can be

cold, dark and icy

Spring brings long cool days, rain and flowers

Summer brings

longer days, perfect for growing plants

Fall brings colder

weather, shorter days and leaves change colors

18

These are photos of the same tree through the seasons. Study the photos.

Glue the cut-outs in their correct box.

Cut out the trees on the dotted lines.

My tree in ...

Spring

My tree in ...

Summer

My tree in ...

Fall

My tree in ...

Winter 19

Not all places on Earth have four seasons.

Many places have a wet and a dry season called a monsoon season. Monsoons bring heavy rains.

20

Sunlight warms the Earth The length of a day changes throughout the year.

Winter days are shorter and have less sunlight.

Summer days are longer and receive more warmth from the Sun. Draw what you like to do in the summer.

Sunlight warms the Earth, melts ice and helps plants grow.

21

What is this season?

(Place: Washington state)

Nov 23, 7:06 pm

About what time is sunset in this photo?

Can you tell from the photo what season this is?

How does the time of sunset compare to your bedtime?

22

What is this season?

(Place: Washington state)

Dec 24 5:33 pm

About what time is sunset in this photo?

Can you tell from the photo what season this is?

How does the time of sunset compare to your bedtime?

23

What is this season?

April 12, 7:12

(Place: Washington state)

pm

About what time is sunset in this photo?

Can you tell from the photo what season this is?

How does the time of sunset compare to your bedtime?

24

What is this season? (Place: Washington state) July 15, 8:52 pm

About what time is sunset in this photo?

Can you tell from the photo what season this is?

How does the time of sunset compare to your bedtime?

25

Color each bar to show time of sunset during different seasons in Washington state.

T ime of Sunset 10:00 pm

(In Seattle, Washington)

9:30 pm 9:00 pm 8:30 pm 8:00 pm 7:30 pm 7:00 pm 6:30 pm 6:00 pm 5:30 pm 5:00 pm

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Spring

Summer

Fall

Winter

Sunset: about 7:00 pm

Sunset: about 9:00 pm

Sunset: about 7:00 pm

Sunset: about 5:30 pm

Sunset happens at different times throughout the year.

Think, Pair, Share!

What does the graph show us about how long days are through the seasons?

What season has the longest days?

What season has the shortest days?

What happens to the length of a day between summer and fall seasons?

27

song time!

Sing to the tune of, “Old MacDonald Had A Farm”

Our old Sun is lots of fun, Ee - ay - ee - ay - oh!

It gives light to everyone, Ee - ay - ee - ay - oh!

With more hours here And less hours there Here a change, there a change, Summer has a longer day Our old Sun is lots of fun, Ee - ay - ee - ay - oh!

28

What is daylight savings?

In fall, some places choose to set clocks back one hour. In the spring, the clocks are set forward one hour. Because the hour that the Sun rises can change, daylight savings is a way to get one extra Fall Back hour of daylight into (1 hour) the hours that most people are awake.

Spring Forward (1 hour)

When days get too short, we can set the clock back an hour to enjoy more daylight.

29

The man who invented daylight savings, George Hudson, actually thought of the idea because he collected bugs. When there was less daylight, it was harder for him to collect bugs, so he wanted more time with the Sun out.

It’s a lot easier to spot bugs in the daylight!

What else is easier to do when the Sun is out?

30

Explain the Phenomenon Can you explain it?

How does the length of a day change through the seasons?

Think, Pair, Share!

Which season has the shortest days?

In the summer, the days:

Are longer

Are shorter

Stay the same

31

bashir's farm Try to read

Bashir lives on a farm. He and his animals get up with the Sun.

Read to me: This is Bashir. He has a farm in Pakistan. He wakes up at 5:00 AM and likes to go to bed early. Bashir depends on his trusty alarm clock to wake him up in the morning.

A long time ago, Pakistan tried to observe daylight savings time. Bashir tried also.

It was 8:00 PM and the Sun was setting. Bashir moved the hand on his clock back one hour. Tired, he went to bed.

7:00 PM

Think, Pair, Share!

PM

Why did Bashir set his clock back one hour?

32

Can you set Bashir’s clock to 7:00 PM? Draw the minute and hour hands.

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34

Try to read

One day Bashir did not get up with the Sun. The rooster called, but Bashir did not get up.

Read to me: The next morning when the Sun rose, Bashir was still in bed.

“Cock-a-doodle-doooo! Cock-a-doodle-dooo!” His rooster called out loudly.

Bashir tossed and turned. He glared at his clock. According to the clock, it was only 4:00 AM. It was still too early to wake up but his rooster didn’t seem to know that.

Bashir did not get out of bed.

AM

4:00 AM

Think, Pair, Share!

Why did Bashir’s rooster wake up before Bashir?

Can you make Bashir’s clock show 4:00 AM? Draw the minute and hour hands on the clock.

35

36

Try to read

The dog was sad. He wanted to go for a walk.

Read to me: Bashir’s rooster was confused. Every morning, he was happily greeted and fed at sunrise. But today, Bashir wasn’t coming out of his room.

The hungry rooster called out louder, “Cock-a-doodle-doo! Cock-a-doodleDOO!!!!”

Bashir heard a scratching sound on his door. His dog was also used to going for a walk to the pasture at sunrise.

Bashir looked at the clock again. It was 4:45 AM. He still had 15 minutes to sleep.

“It’s still too early!” He called out to the animals grumpily from underneath his covers.

4:45 AM AM

Think, Pair, Share!

Why were Bashir’s animals impatient with him?

Can you make Bashir’s clock show 4:45 AM? 37

38

Try to read

The animals made noise to get Bashir out of bed.

Read to me: All the animals were grumpy. The dog started barking at Bashir’s door. The goats, began to bleat loudly. All the noise woke up the cat, who usually slept in.

“Cock-a-doodle-doo!”

“Meow!”

“Ruff, ruff, ruff!”

“Meeeh, meeeh!”

Bashir had pulled his pillow over his head, but he couldn’t take it any more!

Bashir quickly got up and rushed out to care for the animals. It was only 5:00 AM, but it was already too late!

5:00 AM

Think, Pair, Share!

AM

How late did the animals think Bashir was?

Can you make Bashir’s clock show 5:00 AM?

39

Try to read

The animals were not happy.

The cat was bad.

Read to me: The cat, annoyed at being woken up, was now chasing the chicks and the chicken was running after her angrily. The rooster pecked the dog and the goats were grumpy.

40

Try to read

The cows were so mad that they did not give any milk.

Read to me: Bashir’s cows were upset with him too. They refused to be milked. The farm was a disaster!

41

Try to read

The farm was a mess.

Bashir was sorry.

Read to me: Bashir promised himself he would never follow Daylight Savings Time again.

42

Try to read

Now, Bashir gets up with the Sun to be with his animals every day.

Read to me: From now on, he would simply wake up with the sunrise and his rooster would be his trusty alarm clock.

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Fun-Dixie Journal Entry Draw yourself exploring science in this unit.

Royal STEMTaught Post

What was your favorite part of this learning unit?

When you read the STEMTaught Journal and do the fun activities inside, sometimes you just want to draw and write about it!

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Seasonal Changes in Daylight Bashir’s Farm Student Edition ISBN 9781952346309

9 781952 346309

5:00 AM