Members magazine Living Earth Spring 2020

Spring 2020

Living Earth

Special Report: Eden Project Is buying local part of the long term solution for a green recovery?

Year of plant health What can you do at home?

Organic Served Here A pub for the future

g Earth

Welcome to the SPRING edition of Livin

duction from our new Chair of

This edition, we have a special intro

Trustees.

and distinguished times in the Soil Association’s long I’m sure there have been other kthrough, but the brea are on the cusp of a significant history when it has felt that we g crucial to bein as seen is k wor our , e than ever systems for timing really seems ripe now. Mor food and ing farm ntial of the right sorts of unlocking the regenerative pote – albeit slower than grow to s inue cont ket mar nic orga climate, nature and health. The ted as focus shifts to principles being more widely adop we would like - with many of the . production and consumption more sustainable land use, food insight, and most deal of relevant experience and The Soil Association has a great and measurable change tive posi drive that mes ram prog importantly, a series of practical passionate and of ber num ing people, and a grow in the real world. We have great committed supporters. and deliver strategies t helping organisations develop Most of my career has been abou that experience as a I’ve very much enjoyed applying for growth and increased impact.

Chair role as we the up g takin be to and I’m delighted trustee over the past two years, with you later this s plan our egic plan. We will be sharing put in place a new ten year strat urce-constrained reso are we y itabl Inev . back your feed year, and look forward to hearing real change the drive to able help we are going to be but are confident that with your re. futu thier heal and ner that we all want to see for a gree your generous support issue and thank you so much for We hope you enjoy reading this us all. which is greatly appreciated by

Martin Nye Chair of Board of Trustees Trustee Appointments cer MBE as a Trustee of to be welcoming Jonathan Spen The Soil Association is delighted s at the Forestry ty years working within senior role the Charity. Having spent over twen and writer on sor advi ent pend inde an Jonathan is now than also Commission/Forest Enterprise, Jona , RSA the of ent and land use. A Fellow forest ecology, forestry managem UK and Europe, the in ating oper ies bod tion conserva holds a number of positions with lding projects. with a particular interest in rewi ote the vital on has increasingly sought to prom Over recent years the Soil Associati climate change, ing batt com to e mak tices prac contribution sustainable forestry focus on this area will be ncing biodiversity. The Charity’s maintaining soil health and enha our Board of Trustees. to bring expertise Jonathan can significantly boosted through the

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Edited by Edited byGemma GemmaHeaysman-Burns Heaysman-Burns

Contact us on: memb@soilassociation.org 0300 330 0022

Issue

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What’s inside this issue P4 Latest Impacts & Campaign Successes What’s been achieved thanks to you P6 A year of climate action Supporting COP26 action plan P8 Will localism save us?

Eden project discuss this question P11 Creating a more sustainable future Organic vegetable grower George Bennett on what’s key to growing our favourite veg P14 Meet one of our longest standing members Henrietta Trotter has been supporting Soil Association since 1948

P23 A pesticide-free future?

The next steps in our campaign to reduce pesticide use P25 Ben’s Growing Corner Head of Horticulture Ben Raskin on the Year of Plant Health P28 Special Interactive Feature: Yeo Valley’s Virtual Chelsea Flower Show organic garden P30 Meet the team behind the Wheatsheaf pub Organic Served Here award holder tells us about the food behind the menu P32 Tasty chicken tagine recipe From Ollie Hunter

P17 Member survey Please take five minutes to complete our survey and be in with the chance of winning a cookbook

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THANK YOU Your donations and actions have achieved all this...

YOU'RE

GIVING CHILDREN HEALTHIER FOOD CHOICES THANKS TO YOU, for the second year running, our report on children’s food in England: State of the Nation has made an essential contribution at government level to tackle childhood obesity, pushing for all children to enjoy a healthy, fresh and sustainable diet. We believe children’s food should be a political priority and will continue lobbying the government to make this happen.

YOU'RE

PLAYING AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN GROWING THE ORGANIC MARKET THANKS TO YOU, the organic market continues its strong, eighth year of growth, growing 4.5% in 2019. Thanks to everyone who got involved in Organic September - our annual campaign plays a key role in growing the UK's organic market year-on-year.

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YOU’RE

KEEPING UP THE PRESSURE ON PESTICIDES Alongside PAN UK, we have written to the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs to ask for urgent action to reduce both pesticide use and pesticiderelated harms in the UK. Thanks to you, 1,772 Soil Association supporters signed the letter asking for the opportunity to meet George Eustice to discuss actions that could be taken by Defra.

Read the latest on this on page 23.

YOU’RE

SUPPORTING CLIMATE ACTION The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, also known as COP26, is the 26th United Nations Climate Change conference. It is being hosted by the UK and is a chance for the UK Government to set a strong agenda to tackle climate change and hit the necessary Net Zero targets.

Alongside a group of 62 organisations, we've signed the Climate Coalition's open letter to Boris Johnson calling on the Government to seize this opportunity. This is supported by an action plan that calls for the change needed in the land use and farming system that really delivers for climate, nature and health. See page 6 for more on the Glasgow action plan.

BUT THERE IS STILL SO MUCH MORE TO DO! We recently launched an appeal to ask for your help to create a pesticide-free future and put organic and nature friendly farming where it urgently needs to be - at the top of the government’s agenda. Thank you so much to all of you who have generously donated so far.

There is still time to support this appeal today with a donation 2020 is a pivotal year: where widespread recognition of the need to change comes together with a moment where this change is possible. At this time of opportunity, will you help us secure a pesticide-free farming future for the UK? However small or large your donation, your support today will enable critical issues to be brought to the attention of government, putting the right solutions in front of the right people.

You can donate online at www.soilassociation.org/donate1 or call us on 0300 330 0022

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Living Earth: Policy

Supporting climate action The United Nations Climate Summit to be hosted in Glasgow in 2021 – also known as COP26 - will be the coming together of all the Nations who signed the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015 to share their plans to meet Zero Carbon targets. But in order for the UK to take this opportunity to lead the world into a cleaner, greener future, we need to set our own ambitious targets and highlight solutions to climate change.

Preparations were well underway for the conference planned for November and whilst this has now been postponed until 2021, the UK needs to make the most of this opportunity, what matters most for climate action is what comes out of the conference.

Earlier this year, alongside a group of 62 organisations ranging from the National Trust and RSPB to Greenpeace and the Women’s

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Institute, we signed The Climate Coalition’s open letter to Boris Johnson. The letter called for the Prime Minister to write a new chapter in history by taking steps to secure a safe climate ahead of the United Nations Climate Summit.

The Climate Coalition is a collective voice for change working hard to bring organisations together to call for action on the climate crisis, and we are proud to be involved.

Living Earth: POLICY The letter says:

1. Climate change is already causing devastation to people and wildlife.

Everything must be done to achieve the target in the Paris Agreement to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5°C.

4. The UK Government must adopt a more ambitious 2030 target to get on track to net-zero, as part of the UK's forthcoming Paris climate pledges (or nationally determined contributions - NDCs).

2. To achieve this target, we must work with our allied nations, as well as focusing on national decarbonisation.

5. We urge the UK Government to act on the priorities laid out in the Glasgow Action Plan. These priorities aim to increase support for the most vulnerable around the world and our precious natural ecosystems and deliver additional benefits in the UK.

3. The UK must maximise international cooperation to encourage biodiversity and climate action at global summits in the coming year and in trade deals.

Joining others in a year of climate action We’re pleased to join with others to call for a game-changing climate summit and establish the UK as a world leader on the green economy. Specifically, the Soil Association wants to highlight the need to tackle climate change through nature-friendly food production, supporting tree planting on farms and significantly reducing farm inputs like pesticides and fertilisers.

Gareth Morgan, Soil Association Head of Farming & Land Use Policy, says:

It’s really good that the Soil Association is able to align itself with The Climate Coalition to underline the need for the UK to be ambitious in its agenda for the Glasgow climate summit.

We are particularly pleased to see that the Coalition is highlighting that climate action needs to include agroecological food production and agroforestry along with measures to significantly reduce pesticide and fertiliser application.

What’s happening next?

Along with our members and supporters we want to highlight the vital need to tackle climate change and make sure that agroecological food and farming is at the heart of the response to climate change. We will be working closely with The Climate Coalition in coming months and hope that our supporters will want to join in with our Coalition activity over the course of the next year. Opportunities to get involved will include a climate change declaration to sign, community action opportunities for you and your local groups to demand MP’s step up, an opportunity to make your own pledge on what you will be doing to tackle climate change, and a range of events that you can join. You can read more about the Glasgow Action Plan here: theclimatecoalition.org/glasgowactionplan And whilst the demand for action is on pause whilst government resources are dealing with the more imminent challenge of COVID-19, we will be picking up conversations with MPs on this vital work when the time is right. We’ll let you know about the ways that you can get involved soon.

How can I get involved?

If you would like to get involved with our campaign on climate action over the next year, please complete our survey on page 19 to let us know you would like to take action with us.

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Living Earth: Green minds

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Will localism save us?

Dan Ryan, Eden Project

At global, national and local levels, we face multiple food system challenges; climate change, flooding, soil degradation, biodiversity collapse, malnutrition and obesity. At the Soil Association, we are constantly exploring the role regenerative organic farming has as part of an interconnected global food system, and the need to restore nature, health and a safe climate from the ground up.

How do we build on the great examples of more resilient local and direct food networks springing up everywhere and help them persist beyond the Coronavirus crisis? Top of the resilience ‘to do list’ should be a clear UK Government ambition to at least double UK fruit supply - and grow the UK share of nuts, pulses and vegetables as recommended by the Food, Farming and Countryside Commission. We only grew 17% of fruit and 53% of veg we ate in 2018 so bold action is needed to grow more in the UK alongside boosting demand via seasonal menus.

The Soil Association is calling for a farmer-led ten-year transition to agroecology to balance the priorities of climate, nature and healthy food production. The French think tank IDDRI’s Ten Years for Agroecology in Europe model shows that healthy food security and an effective response to the climate and nature emergencies can indeed go hand-in-hand. The Food, Farming and Countryside Commission

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and IDDRI will publish an agroecology transition model for the UK later this year.

The desire for locally grown produce is often a hot topic amongst Soil Association members. But the demand for having access to a whole range of vegetables all year round or strawberries in winter is still there for most of the general public.

We asked Dan Ryan from Eden Project to share his thoughts about what Eden project is doing and some of the potential challenges that lie ahead in the localism debate. Dan is an Honorary Research Fellow in the University of Exeter's Biosciences department as well as leading the Eden Project’s Sustainability MSc. The Eden Project is an educational charity connecting us with each other and the living world and like the Soil Association charity, exploring how we can work towards a better future. Do read on and consider these views – we’d love to know what you think too.

Living Earth: Green minds The world has changed. Just a few months ago it would have been difficult, perhaps impossible, to dissuade me from the opinion that more considerable challenges existed than climate breakdown, the loss of nature, and erosion of ecological systems. And yet here we are.

As I type this sentence, the UK is in ‘lockdown’ with much of the workforce ‘furloughed’, the economy free-falling with a shredded parachute, and a Conservative government is enacting the kind of far-reaching societal support unthinkable in modern times to even the most hard-core socialists. The unfolding picture is extraordinary. The number of recorded cases worldwide is astronomic. There are cases of Coronavirus in over 200 countries, so many people have tragically lost their lives, global travel has all but ceased, half of humanity is under some kind of lockdown, and according to UNESCO 89% of the world’s school-children are out of school.

On top of this, the summer we probably all craved has dissolved almost overnight. May Day celebrations, Glastonbury and Wimbledon, and the Olympics are all cancelled or postponed.

Even the Eden Project is closed with no reopening date in sight. The various catastrophes of 2019 such as the Amazon and Australian fires and the circular political torture of the Brexit all suddenly seem like hazy memories.

I was going to write here about all the good Eden has done lately in the climate and

ecology space, but now there’s really only one conversation in town. Yet, while the Coronavirus pandemic sweeps the world, it’s important we don’t neglect our shared global environment and allow the recent gains we’ve made to unravel. We must ensure we come out the other side – if there even is such a side – as generative forces for good.

At Eden we’ve always known that the locked gates of global ecological health, societal equity, and economic vitality were opened by the keys of practical local action. ‘Think globally, act locally’ as the old adage goes. The systems we’ve created, some by design and some by the forces of serendipity, reflect this. For an old clay pit we get a lot of visitors - one million in a good year - and we have built a hyper-local food system around those numbers. Approximately 80% of the food we sell is produced and procured in Cornwall and Devon. So as the Coronavirus reveals strengths and weaknesses in our collective systems it’s possible this might give us some security in a post-pandemic world. If those farmers and growers can stay afloat.

Our collective gaze is turning to the security of our food supply. We’ve all experienced the mania of panic buying in the supermarkets, but how much of that reflects a shortage of supply?

Maybe not much yet, but things might change.

Vegetable growers up and down the country are reporting shortages of pickers, particularly the seasonal influx of east Europeans that do such hard and invisible work in our fields.

If nothing else the Coronavirus will have made every person in the country aware of their helpless dependence on things out of their control and governed from outside their immediate area.

It is now time to concentrate properly on what the decentralisation and devolution of power and capacity could look like and, at the heart of it will be a huge ‘wicked’ problem, which is; how do we persuade generations of us brought up to look at the economics of agronomy as being shaped by ‘efficiency’ to dare to explore what a true localised mixed agronomy might look like and the market changes needed to deliver it.

Tim Smit, Co-founder of The Eden Project

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Living Earth: Green Minds

I asked Eden’s co-founder Sir Tim Smit for his thoughts on all this while he isolates in his Cornish farmhouse. He said: We’re seeing the stages of this manifest at different scales. As many people are working less, or not at all, ramped up by a collective fear about where the next tomato is coming from we’ve seen a surge of interest in grow-yourown. I’d heard horror stories about a famous seed company’s website so decided to find out for myself. Sure enough when I logged on there were 1,148 users ahead of me in the queue with an estimated wait time of 16 minutes. I hadn’t known a website queue like it since the last time I tried to buy Glastonbury tickets; suddenly seed potatoes and runner beans are the hottest tickets in town. I’m quietly relieved I’ve already bought this year’s supply…

While waiting for my greens to shoot I’ve been buying heavily from local veg box schemes that have sprung up locally in response to Coronavirus. So I was inspired to find out about the latest project of Cathy St Germans, a serial innovator in the regenerative agriculture movement. Cathy has set up a database to connect small-scale producers with local consumers. ‘Farms to Feed Us’ is in Beta stage at the moment, but has already been accessed by over 4,000 people in its first three days of life. Cathy said: “It really feels like there needs to be a change with how we buy food. We must not just burn past these local farms on the way to the supermarket when their shelves are restocked. There seems to be a new ethic of trust developing between farmer and consumer – long may it last!”

While we hastily design new systems we must make sure the various fish we’ve been trying to land don’t get away. At Eden we’ve spent a decade trying to haul in a real monster; a deep geothermal energy project on the outer fringes of our estate. Deep geothermal has huge potential in the UK as an important part of a more localised energy mix that’s less reliant on fossil fuels. The old granite bedrock of Cornwall, the wonderfully named Cornubian Batholith, is a particular hotbed of this activity. Early efforts in Cornwall to research and exploit this sustainable resource date back 40 years so it’s fitting we are continuing this story. The modern version of the technology sounds at once childishly simple

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and fiendishly difficult. Cool water is flowed down 4.5km deep wells where it is heated by the ‘hot rocks’ (degrading granite) before being pumped to the surface. In the first phase the heat produced will heat all Eden’s existing infrastructure including the giant Rainforest Biome and a series of new greenhouses.

However awful things seem in this moment, it is in our DNA to stay optimistic. This, the ultimate test, could have shown humans to be selfish creatures. Instead it has inspired creativity and community-minded action on a scale I’ve not seen in my lifetime. Whatever comes next, our communities and our world will surely be altered forever. This part-terrifying and part-empowering conclusion should whet the appetite of all those concerned with the bounty and security of our food supply and the widescale recovery of nature.

Tim Smit concludes:

It is my belief that we stand on the brink of a new agricultural revolution and the answers to the question of local resilience lie at the very heart of our existence and, should no longer be seen as no more than a lifestyle choice or political positioning. The ability to change and benefit from this experience is down to us, not some higher body and perhaps this is about growing up as a species and realising that the future still remains ours to make.

At this extraordinary moment in time, it’s hard to disagree.

The Soil Association is making it easier for you to source from your local producers and box schemes; go to soilassociation.org/buy to find what’s in your area.

For advice on growing your own food, go to soilassociation.org/grow. Or maybe you would like to join a Community Supported Agriculture project; check out soilassociation.org/csa for details.

Photo credit:Ten Mile Menu

LivingLiving Earth:Earth: on the Policy ground

Case Study:

Creating a more sustainable future All farms, big and small, organic and non-organic, have a part to play in making farming more rewarding for all. It’s a challenge, along with financial and environmental changes farming faces. But the solutions to these challenges are coming from farmers who are finding new ways to grow food better and protect our land for future generations.

We speak to George, an organic grower who sells his produce predominantly via veg boxes and the farms own shop but also through a local, community market and to a small number of restaurants and delis.

George Bennett returned to the family farm eight years ago after working in IT to manage the 40-hectare farm close to Oxford and Thame. The farms activities are varied including field-scale vegetable production, a market garden, protected cropping, top fruit, pigs, sheep, chickens and arable crops.

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Living Earth: on Organic the ground News

What’s key to your vegetable growing?

How do you tackle pests?

We have a number of different methods for eliminating pests:

Crop Rotation Crop rotations help to reduce the incidence of pests. For example, carrot flies lay their eggs around the carrots, so rotating the crop means that any overwintering pupae in the soil hatch well away from the new crop.

Biodiversity There are habitats for natural predators, including beetle banks and tall hedgerows with plants, such as cow parsley. By far the most important pest control is biodiversity.

If you try and artificially create an imbalance somewhere down the line, it’s going to come back and bite you.

Physical Barriers Physical barriers, such as nets and electric fences, are used to deter pests.

Natural predators Overwintered brassicas, such as sprouting broccoli, are allowed to flower to attract predatory wasps.

Reducing weeds And weeds are the bane of any organic grower.

Establishing a stale seed bed means that young weeds are removed before the crop is sown, which reduces competition with weeds. Couch grass can be a major problem in organic systems, so I’m trialling buckwheat to suppress couch grass.

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The farm has about 10 hectares under vegetables. It’s mostly a sandy, free draining soil that’s well suited to vegetable production, especially root vegetables. The farm operates an eight-year crop rotation to boost fertility and reduce the incidence of pests and disease; one rotation for the field-scale produce and one rotation for the market garden.

Soil fertility is key to success.

Fertility is built up by incorporating green manures in the rotations.

These include clover and other legumes that fix nitrogen and boost soil health. Woodchip is used in the polytunnels to boost fertility.

What made you change your business model?

When I returned to the farm in 2011 one focus was on wholesale vegetables but in order to support two families on the farm, we gradually moved the model to direct sales, which has proved a very wise business decision. The people of Oxford had a growing demand for more provenance, flavour, freshness and organic and this has offered huge opportunities to grow more vegetables. Now around 40% of the business is veg boxes, 40% farm shop and markets, with 20% meat, events, hay etc. The farm works with a local company Ten Mile Menu, that has a slick online ordering system and delivers the boxes.

During the current challenges we are all facing, working with Ten Mile Menu has allowed us to rapidly respond to the sudden increase in demand for delivered veg. At the beginning of March, we were sending out 200 veg boxes a week but within two weeks we were able to send out 550 to local customers.

Working with a veg box delivery company has allowed us to expand and focus on the bit we do best – growing delicious veg! Amongst our many specialities are salad crops, pumpkins

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Living Earth: on the ground

In addition, we run a farm shop two days a week in our barn. As a small and diverse business we were nimble enough to initiate a ‘click & collect’ order system within the first two weeks of the crisis. This has worked to keep everyone on the farm safe and reassured customers that they can continue to buy fresh, organic produce during a very difficult time for everyone. It has also meant that we can sell more of our pork and lamb directly to our shop customers as well as continue to support other local businesses selling organic milk, cheese, honey, freshly roasted coffee, cakes etc. Many TO YOUR SUPPORT have lost a huge amount of wholesale business from restaurants and cafes but demand via our ordering system has helped a great deal.

Many of our customers have told us how much getting their food order has felt like Christmas TOaYOUR SUPPORT and given them much-needed boost each week. We feel fortunate that the sense of community created through the shop and the markets we attend has strengthened and we have been able to get food to as many local people as possible.

TO YOUR SUPPORT

It’s not all just veg! What else is going on at the farm?

Diversification is important to the farm.

TO YOUR SUPPORT The farm still raises our own traditional rare breed pigs, sheep and produce is sold to pubs, restaurants and retailers. We now also have 200 layer hens for organic eggs which we mainly sell through the farm shop. We

Photo credit: Sandy Lane Farm

and squash. We grow 29 different varieties, and this has proved to be a great attraction in autumn. Despite the vast choice the customers’ favourites are the better-known butternut, Crown Prince and Uchiki Kuri!

host open days such as the ‘Soil Association Organic Saturday’ and host pop-up seasonal suppers in our ancient threshing barn, showcasing our produce. We can’t wait for visitors to be back to the farm when it is safe, so that we can share what we’re growing and how we are growing it.

This year we have the extra challenge of planting whilst trying to manage the huge demand for veg boxes and orders through the farm shop but with the dedication of our amazing team of growers, my dad and step-mum Charles and Sue, and the additional help of our willing teenage children, summer brassicas, onions, broad beans, beetroot, parnsips, potatoes, salad crops to name a few, are all now in.

You can read the full interview online at soilassociation.org/sandylane It sounds like you’re keeping busy George and fantastic to see you’re creating a sense of community amongst local, passionate foodies. Keep up the great work!

TO YOUR SUPPORT

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TO YOUR SUPPORT

Covid-19: Our farmers, growers and local food suppliers are crucial at this time and, despite increasingly challenging circumstances, they continue to produce and distribute food for us all.

A well-deserved spotlight is shining on our farmers now that they have been declared essential key workers, and supply chains are being stretched to the limit to get food and supplies into our TOare YOUR SUPPORT homes. There new challenges for all of the communities our programmes serve, including schools, farmers and caterers, and we are working hard to innovate and find new ways to help them. Thank you so much for your continued support to help deliver this work.

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Living Earth: Green minds

Henrietta Trotter Supporting the organic movement for over 70 years Soil Association Scotland’s Megan Welford went to meet Henrietta Trotter, 91, who has been a member of the Soil Association for 72 years.

She tells of a formative time at the Peckham Experiment, that led to a life lived organically. Henrietta has been championing the very issues that the Soil Association care about her whole life and is a proud supporter of the organic movement. Find out about her roots and why she has supported the Soil Association for so long.

I was brought up on a dairy farm very close to Helen Browning’s in Wiltshire. I used to drive the tractor but I was too short, so I had to stand up and jump to change gear! My father made us help in the garden, so I became a good vegetable grower. When the Second World War broke out I was sent to boarding school – Downe House, where Lady Eve Balfour’s sister Mary was one of the housekeepers.

One day, Doctor George Scott Williamson came and talked to us about the Peckham Experiment – a health project he had founded in 1926 with another doctor, Innes Pearse. It was fascinating to me. He said,

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We know a lot about disease but we don’t know anything about health.

The Peckham Experiment had its own building, purpose-built around a swimming pool, in Peckham, which was chosen because salaries there were average, in those days. You had to live within pram-walking distance to attend, and people paid a shilling a week to use the Montessori-style school, nursery and pool, and do activities like drama or gym. There were lots of women, toddlers and babies. The doctors were trying to answer the question, ‘What is health, apart from the absence of disease?’

Living Earth: Green minds

For me, the most important aspect of health is nutrition. I learned how to make organic, wholemeal bread while I was in Bromley and I still make it today, as do my sons, one of whom is a chef. We moved around a fair bit, but we always had a vegetable garden – growing potatoes, leeks, cabbages, peas and beans.

Lady Eve came to stay with us in 1955 when we lived in Aberdeenshire. She came to talk to farmers about going organic, but even though she was very energetic, people weren’t always receptive.

After school, in 1948, I volunteered there for six months. As an observer my job was to watch and listen– not to interfere. I remember watching a little girl of three going up the wooden parallel bars, an extra rung a day until she got to the top. It was scary to watch, but I noticed how careful the children were – they weren’t reckless at all. They tested their own limits.

I observed that girls were social – they were interested in each other, whereas the boys were activity-focused. I noted the importance of nutrition, and activity, and friendships, and reported back to the doctors.

We all lived out at Bromley on an organic farm, which supplied the Project. I used to milk the cows with Mary Langman, one of the founders of the Soil Association. Doctors Scott Williamson and Pearse had met with Lady Eve during the war, when she was carrying out her Haughley Experiment, an early ‘field trial’ comparing organic and non-organic farming, which led to them founding the Soil Association in 1946. I joined two years later.

I also met my husband at the Peckham Project, James Douglas Trotter, a Church of Scotland minister who was visiting out of interest.

The doctors concluded that good health is a combination of nutrition, physical activity and a social element, and the centre stayed open as the Pioneer Health Centre until 1950.

For me, organic is the natural way, and eating good food is the most important thing you can do. It’s important for human health but also for soil and the land. Plants know what they want and they’ll take it from the soil, if it’s there.

Artificial fertilisers and sprays take away the natural balance of things.

It’s good that people like Greta Thunberg are bringing climate change and nature loss to people’s attention, but it’s been part of my philosophy, and that of the Soil Association, for years.

It was fascinating to meet Henrietta and think back to the origins of the Soil Association, and the Peckham Experiment’s work on health. We’re privileged to have longstanding members like Henrietta, championing our core principles and flying the flag for good food and nutrition.

Megan Welford, Soil Association Scotland

In January we took to the phones to try to speak to as many of our members in one day as was possible and we really enjoyed speaking to many of you. We were delighted when Henrietta got in touch with us and started to tell us all about the history she has with the charity - we couldn’t pass on the opportunity to meet her in person! We’d love to hear from you – please do get in touch!

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Living Earth: FOOD FOR LIFE

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Living Earth: Living Well

Member Survey We’d love to know more about what interests you at the moment.

We want to make sure we are keeping in touch with the things that matter to you. We want to make sure that the stories we are sharing are what you want to hear. So please take five minutes to give us your feedback. You can complete the survey even quicker online at www.soilassociation.org/membersurvey

Complete our Survey for a chance to win Please complete and return your survey by 1 July 2020. For all completed entries (online or in the post) we will enter you into a prize draw to win 1 of 3 of Ollie Hunter's latest book 30 easy ways to join the food revolution. Read more about Ollie and his book on page 28.

Please post back to: Soil Association, PO Box 3424, Bristol, BS1 9NL

Please indicate which areas of our work you are interested in (please tick all that apply):

If you selected Animal Welfare, please indicate specific topics:

Environment

Antibiotics in livestock

Animal welfare

Intensive farming

Food and Human health

Welfare labelling on produce / products

International Forestry

Benefits of organic farming

Organic Textiles Health and Beauty Other (please specify)

If you selected Human Health, please indicate specific topics Antibiotic resistance P esticides & herbicides in food

If you selected Environment, please indicate specific topics Bees Pesticides & herbicides (eg. neonicotinoids, glyphosate etc)

Organic food Growing own food C omposting Food waste Nutrition

Wildlife

Recipes

Biodiversity

Health & beauty

A groforestry

F ood in schools

Climate change

Food in hospitals

Soil health

Food in care homes

Zero carbon farming

F ood in workplaces Food in visitor attractions

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Living Earth: Living Well

What motivated you to join as a Member?

Which of the following opportunities would you value as a Member?

Wanting to make a positive difference to the world

Being able to find and connect with other Members in your local area

A specific campaign / topic

M aterials to campaign with / spread the word (eg. flyers, information, car stickers etc)

An issue that affects me personally An incentive Access to organic offers and discounts Recommended by another Member G iven to me as a gift

Assistance with contacting / lobbying your MP How you can get more involved with bigger events the Soil Association aims to impact, such as the 2021 Climate Change Conference

Talking to a Member of Soil Association staff (eg. at an event)

Suggestions on what more you can do at home to make a difference for the organic movement

R eceiving Living Earth magazine 3 times a year

Active involvement (eg. planting trees on an agroforestry project, community farming etc)

Other (please specify)

Volunteering on behalf of the charity Community Fundraising opportunities

What do you value as important as a Member benefit?

Receiving Living Earth magazine and regular updates Knowing my donations make a difference

M ore events (eg. film screenings, talks and lectures etc) Engage with our events remotely such as watching the AGM via video-link More activity around the organic movement O ther (please specify)

Being part of a community S igning petitions / actively campaigning Organic offers and discounts Events / talks / debates F arm walks / visits Fundraising on behalf of Soil Association Attending the AGM Being part of the organic movement Other (please specify)

As a Member, what do you want to hear about from us?

Research & Policy updates T opical news stories The impact of our campaigns What your donation has enabled I nnovative Farmers trials and results Community supported agriculture Farmer / grower stories Food For Life success stories Organic produce and products O rganic growing advice Diet and nutrition Recipes / food suggestions O ther

18

Living Earth: Living Well

Which newspapers / magazines do you read regularly? Please specify if online or print.

Which of the following events do you attend regularly: Farmers Market

Daily Mail ................................

Print

Online

Guardian .................................

Print

Online

Other newspaper ..................

Print

Online

E xhibitions and shows such as Chelsea Flower Show

Countryfile magazine .........

Print

Online

Talks / lectures

BBC Wildlife magazine ........

Print

Online

Big Issue .................................

Print

Online

Friends of the Earth ..............

Print

Online

Woodland Trust .....................

Print

Online

SAGA .......................................

Print

Online

National Trust ........................

Print

Online

RHS ..........................................

Print

Online

I follow a vegetarian diet

Wildlife Trust...........................

Print

Online

I follow a vegan diet

R SPB ........................................

Print

Online

I grow all / most of my own fruit and veg

Gardeners World magazine

Print

Online

English Heritage ....................

Print

Online

Other (please specify)

Food and music festivals

Other (please specify)

Which of the following statements are true for you?

I buy organic food whenever I can I buy organic food occasionally I rarely buy organic food

I grow some of my own fruit and veg I use ethical / eco service providers where possible (eg banking, energy etc) I am reducing my meat consumption I am reducing my dairy consumption

Which social media channels do you use?

F acebook Twitter Instagram Linkedin Google Plus P interest None

When purchasing organic food and drink, do you: Mostly buy from a supermarket Mostly buy from an independent retailer Mostly buy from a farm shop / farmers market Use a box scheme M ostly buy directly from the producer / brand Other (please specify)

Other (please specify)

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Living Earth: Living Well

First name Surname Membership number (if you know it) Postcode Age bracket under 18 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Working - full time Working - part time Not working In Education Retired Other How many adults in your household?

We love to hear from you, our Members and supporters, at any time but particularly now as we all face the challenges of the current Coronavirus crisis. We would welcome your feedback on how you are, and would love to hear what we can do to support you at this time: I have been able to enjoy this time of pause and reflection, and am coping well with the current restrictions I have found this crisis a challenging, difficult time but am coping with the support of family and friends I have found this crisis a challenging, difficult time and am concerned about how I will continue to cope M y health and wellbeing has been personally affected by this crisis My work or income has been affected by this crisis

Thank you for completing our member survey.

How many people are aged under 18?

Do you have top tips for using up leftovers, or great gardening ideas to inspire others? Are you adopting new habits that you hope to continue after the crisis passes? How are you keeping in touch with family and friends? We would love to share your stories of how you are adjusting to the challenging circumstances we find ourselves in with other Members.

Email us your stories and photos to memb@soilassociation.org and we will share them in our newsletters and on our social channels.

20

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Living Living Earth: Earth: Organic Living News well Living Earth: Policy

Thank you to those of you who added your voice to demand action from Government on pesticides over the last 6 months.

Together with Pesticide Action Network (PAN), we have written to George Eustice, the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs to ask for urgent action to reduce both pesticide use and pesticide-related harms in the UK, as a first step in a wholesale transition to nature-friendly farming (also known as agroecology).

Over 2,000 Soil Association and PAN UK supporters signed the letter or sent emails calling for George Eustice to take action on reducing overall pesticide use and encouraging a transition to nature-friendly farming and organic.

The letter urges Defra to: • Introduce measures to support UK farmers to transition to whole farm agroecological systems that include genuine and holistic Integrated Pest Management (IPM), of which organic and agroforestry are well defined examples.

• Ensure that no weakening of UK pesticide regulations or standards occurs as a result of Brexit, including through trade negotiations with non-EU countries, and that in turn food imports meet these same UK standards.

• Establish robust environmental and human health monitoring systems for pesticide use which moves beyond the focus on individual pesticides and is able to assess combined toxic load.

• Introduce a clear, quantitative target for significantly reducing the overall use of pesticides in agriculture.

We are calling for a ten-year transition to nature-friendly farming in the UK, building on the ‘Ten Years for Agroecology’ model developed by French thinktank IDDRI. As a first step in this transition, we are recommending that the Government take urgent action to reduce overall pesticide use. The Government has committed to reducing the impact of pesticides in the 25 Year Environment Plan, but we need to start seeing real action.

Rob Percival, Soil Association Head of Food Policy, said:

We know that a fully agroecological future is possible.

Our ‘Cocktail Effect’ report showed why it’s needed. The risks that pesticides pose to public health and to wildlife are unacceptable. The Government must take urgent action to enable an agroecological transition.

What’s happening next?

When the time is right, we will be speaking with Government ministers and policy makers to make the case for an agroecological transition, with organic farming at its heart.

Along with our members and supporters we want to highlight the vital need to reduce overall pesticide use and support British farmers working hard to achieve this.

Thanks again for your support in the next step in this campaign to reduce pesticide use to protect us from pesticide cocktails.

You can read the letter in full on our website soilassociation.org/pesticideletter

23

Living Earth: Living well

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24

Living Earth: Living Well

Ben's growing corner:

Year of plant health As a horticulturalist I am always pleased to see plants getting some limelight. It is 5 years since the Year of Soils and that focus did indeed help invigorate discussion and debate about soil that in the UK at least, helped lead to a reframing of the debate around how we support farmers to both produce food and protect our environment. Could this do the same for plants?

The Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) have identified 6 key messages for their Year of Plant Health:

LONDON

1.

AMSTERDAM

LONDON

Keep plants healthy LONDON

PARIS

to achieve Zero Hunger and the UN Sustainable Development Goals

LONDON

AMSTERDAM

3.

Make trading in plants and plant products safe by complying with international plant health standards

5.

Invest in planthealth capacity development, research and outreach

LONDON

PARIS

LONDON

LONDON LONDON

2.

Be careful when

AMSTERDAM

AMSTERDAM

LONDON

PARIS

bringing plants LONDON and plant products across borders

PARIS AMSTERDAM

LONDON

PA

PARIS

4.

Keep plants healthy

while protecting the environment

6.

Strengthen monitoring and early warning systems to protect plants and plant health

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Living Earth: Living well

What do these mean in practise and how does what we do at the Soil Association contribute towards this?

If I wanted to grow a healthy plant I’d want to start with the right genetics. There is no point trying to grow a weak plant or one that is not suited to our climate. Finding a good variety that can withstand the most common diseases such as scab in apples or black spot in roses is vital. As our climate becomes less predictable it becomes harder to breed for specific beneficial traits so for vegetables we should be focusing on breeding for diversity. Open pollinated varieties have a wider range of traits than F1 hybrids (the result of breeding from two specific varieties to produce a third variety, the term ‘F1’ stands for Filial 1 or ‘first children’) or GM varieties and can offer a better chance for plants to survive a range of different challenges.

Assuming you have the right variety you’ll also want to make sure it’s not infected with something that you will never get rid of.

A big part of the FAO campaign is around maintaining the phytosanitary standards when selling and buying plants. The devastation we are now seeing on our ash trees is testament to what can happen when we get things wrong. While we are promoting tree planting to help climate change, particularly in Agroforestry Systems, we do need to make sure that we are not bringing in infected trees

26

from around the world. I got quite excited by a conversation I had at the Oxford Real Farming Conference about sowing tree seeds in a woodchip mulch. This means we can harvest locally sourced seed, and potentially reduce the plastic from all the tree guards.

Keeping plants healthy while protecting the environment Having a clean healthy plant is no good however if you put it in the wrong environment or in poor soil. So the next crucial bit is how you care for your plants.

Keeping a plant healthy does not need to mean eliminating pests and diseases, or trying to create a sterile weed free environment, but rather should be about giving a plant the vitality and strength it needs to withstand disease. I have often seen one weak plant in a field covered with a pest or ravaged with disease while those stronger plants around it appear untouched. Keeping our soils healthy and our biodiversity intact are the most powerful tools to ensure healthy plants.

Strengthening systems to protect plants and plant health The final piece in the jigsaw is protection of plants. Too long horticulture has been underinvested in. Despite its impressive

Living Earth: Living Well

economic record (horticulture brings in 25% of the revenue from land based industries despite only taking up 4% of the land) it still can’t shake off the image of being for people who have failed at school. Though I have worked with many talented growers who found their niche after being failed by our school system, horticulture also attracts “second careerers” like myself. Without proper investment in attracting and training the best individuals we will not achieve “plant health”. Despite the current governments apparent lack of interest in farming, we will need to be growing much of our own food and we need lots of new growers to make this happen. Let’s hope the year of the plant health can help change the conversation.

What can you do at home?

Where you buy your plants from is important.

It is easy to get tempted by cheap offers at major retailers, however these are not always the best option. Often, they will have been neglected as staff at these outlets usually have little horticultural knowledge or expertise.

A plant that has been stressed (usually by underwatering, but sometimes by extremes of temperature) may not thrive once planted.

If you can, buy your plants from reputable plant raisers. If you don’t have one locally then look online, there are loads of great nurseries selling organic plants, or unusual varieties. Many plants travel fine provided they are unpacked quickly on arrival. It’s also a great way to support independent businesses this way.

Without proper investment in attracting and training the best individuals we will not achieve “plant health”.

For imported plants check that the plant and nursery have gone through the right health checks – this is particularly important for trees.

Reputable retailers will be happy to reassure you of this.

I don’t always manage to plant my new purchases promptly, if you are the same do make sure you look after them, and especially keeping them watered, until they go in the ground. If you are not quite ready to pop them into their final position then you can pot them on into a slightly bigger pot to keep them happy temporarily.

If you are buying seeds then look out for open pollinated varieties, there are a range of suppliers in the UK and beyond, many of them are also organically certified – for instance Tamar Organic, Biodynamic seed Cooperative or Real Seeds. If you want to take it to the next level, you can start saving your own seed for a locally adapted strain of flower or vegetable.

And of course, as always feeding the soil to keep it healthy is key - compost, or well composted manure or woodchip are great ways to build your soil organic matter and health.

27

Living Earth: Virtual Organic Events News

Special Interactive Feature:

Yeo Valley’s Virtual Chelsea Flower Show organic garden

28

Living Earth: Virtual Events In 2019, Yeo Valley got in touch with us to say that they were going to be showing a garden at Chelsea Flower Show 2020 and wanted us to certify it as organic, just as we have done with their stunning organic gardens in Blagdon.

This presented a challenge. In order to certify a garden as organic, it needs to be in place for two years, and Chelsea Flower Show gardens have been designed, built, shown, dismantled and moved on all within this time. It wasn’t going to be possible to certify the garden officially organic.

Design for Chelsea

However, the Soil Association felt strongly that we needed to support this incredible opportunity for an organic garden to be shown at Chelsea Flower Show, and for the powerful story of organic to be shared with the crowds flocking to be inspired for their own gardens.

Endorsing the organic credentials of the garden felt important.

After much discussion, it was agreed that whilst we couldn’t certify the temporary garden as organic, we could proudly add the Soil Association organic charity logo to the completed garden, in the knowledge that it met incredibly high organic standards in its design and build.

The next few weeks and months were exciting as Yeo Valley and their garden designer, Tom Massey, took time to share with us all of their plans for their garden, and sought input from the relevant individuals at Soil Association regarding their growing and planting procedures to meet organic standards.

What was amazing to us was that Tom and Yeo Valley weren’t just interested in a garden that represented organic (which would be fantastic) but that they wanted to jump through hoops to make sure they applied organic standards to the show garden itself.

The parallels between organic farming and organic gardening, and the benefits it brings to climate and to nature, are beautifully evidenced in the Yeo Valley organic garden at Blagdon, and by sharing that practice to the wider horticultural community at Chelsea Flower Show it takes the powerful message of organic wider.

Watch Blagdon Garden's virtual tour Whilst Chelsea Flower Show may have been postponed for a year, we are thrilled that Yeo Valley and Tom Massey have not let slip the opportunity to spread the word of organic this year through their virtual tour of the Blagdon garden, shared during Chelsea Flower Show week in May. And we’re thrilled to invite you to join them now, if you haven’t seen this film already (and if you have then please do so again), to hear more about the garden and plants and soil, and to see inside more of the stunning organic gardens at Blagdon.

Watch the film here: www.soilassociation.org/chelsea

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Living Earth: Living well

The Wheatsheaf: A Pub for the Future Ollie Hunter, chef-patron at The Wheatsheaf describes his food as ‘upmarket peasant food’.

The Wheatsheaf in Chilton Folitat, Wiltshire has won numerous awards as a sustainable food business, including a 3-star Organic Served Here award for committing to serving at least 50% of the food on the menu from organic agriculture. Ollie sources much of his produce from his parent's farm in the village. As well as being organic and convenient, Ollie believes that reducing food miles makes his food taste better too. Mark Machin, Soil Association Certification’s Development Manager for Food Service has been to meet Ollie to learn more about his passion for local and organic food.

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Living Earth: Living Well

Q What was your inspiration for cooking with organic ingredients?

My mum was obviously a huge influence and grows fruit and vegetables on her organic farm just down the road. But I think the defining moment was when setting up an organic wine importing business, dad joked that I knew nothing about organic wine. Tasting the difference between organic and non-organic wine, I could clearly tell the difference in taste. Terroir is a widely recognised concept in wine; that the land is key to the final product; a richer, more complex soil will produce a deeper and more structured wine. The same can be said for all organic produce. For example; organic salad that is grown in a soil that is well tended with complex soil structure and more trace elements makes for a tastier salad and is better for your health.

Q What is your ‘Desert Island’ organic ingredient?

Does it have to be a single ingredient?

Probably the olive oil we import from friends at Terre de Triano in Puglia. I know it’s not local, but we owe a lot of our inspiration to this region and the oil is simply phenomenal; rich, nutty, smooth, peppery. It’s really important to

my style of cooking that we have strong links with like-minded food businesses elsewhere in the world.

Q Can you tell me about your ‘30 Food’ concept As well as the name of my new book, ‘30 Food’ is a food movement. If we learn to live locally and connect globally through our food, we ensure the best system for survival. 30 Food offers new ways of cooking, meaning everyone can afford organic food, aim to have zero food waste, and celebrate their local area by eating 50% of food from within thirty miles. Look after your 30 miles and the world will thrive!

Mark tells us

It’s so great to hear Ollie’s passion for food and local ingredients.

The Wheatsheaf is everything you would hope to find in a country pub; welcoming, accessible with tasty, organic food. Ollie and Lauren also recognise that as business owners they are able to make a positive change through the choices they make such as sourcing organic food and drink for the menu.

Hungerford Park Food production is a family affair at The Wheatsheaf, with both mum and dad involved in the supply chain. Hungerford Park’s produce has been a labour of love for Emma Hunter (Ollie’s mum), restoring a fantastic walled garden to its former glory.

The Walled Garden has been certified organic with the Soil Association for 13 years and supplies Ollie with plant-based inspiration throughout the year.

Organic Served Here Organic Served Here is a high profile and clear signpost for the conscious consumer to find organic food and drink when eating away from the home. Organic Served Here award holders are pioneering for a more sustainable catering model, using ingredients from regenerative, organic farming systems. Find an organic café or restaurant near you on our growing online directory: www.soilassociation.org/find-an-organic-restaurant

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Living Earth: Living well

Win a copy of Ollie’s book!

30 Easy Ways to Join the Food Revolution, published

by Pavilion Books is the first book of its kind to present sustainable eating with a vision of a future way of cooking for readers to follow and cook from.

Simply complete our member survey on page 17 for your chance of winning a copy. The recipe opposite is just one of many delicious ideas from Ollie’s book.

32

Living Earth: Living Well

Chicken Tagine

with Locally Dried Fruit

Use chicken breasts in this spicy, warming one-pan dish, along with locally grown dried fruits. When using meat, Ollie takes the approach of nose to tail eating which is all about using the whole of the animal; from nose to tail and everything in-between! Not only is this the most sustainable way to eat meat but it has many benefits including saving money, nurturing health and expanding eating horizons far beyond the chicken breast.

Ingredients • 1 tbsp ground cumin • 1 tbsp ground coriander • 1 tbsp ground turmeric • 1 tbsp paprika • 2 raw chicken breasts (from a whole chicken) • Oil of your choice for frying • 1 onion, diced • 6 garlic cloves, diced • 1 red chilli, diced • Handful of fresh coriander, stalks diced and leaves left whole • 100 ml red wine, water or even cider

• 1 x 400g can chopped tomatoes • 1 tbsp apple molasses, or use whatever molasses is locally produced • 1 x 400g cooked beans or pulses – cannellini beans are delicious •H andful of local dried fruits such as prunes, damsons or apricots, pitted • Salt To Serve • A few dollops of plain yogurt • Grains such as spelt or couscous, cooked

Method (Serves 2) 1

Preheat the oven to 180°C fan/200°C/400°F/gas mark 6.

6

Add the drained beans or pulses and dried fruit, stir and season with salt.

2

Mix all the spices together. Rub the chicken breasts with 1 tbsp of the spice mix and set the rest aside.

7

Nestle each seared chicken breast into the sauce, then add 100 ml cold water and transfer to the oven to cook for 30–35 mins.

3

Add a few glugs of oil to an ovenproof saucepan and place over a medium heat.

Quickly fry the chicken breasts just to sear the outside on both sides, then remove from the pan and leave to one side.

8

Serve the tagine scattered with fresh coriander leaves and perhaps some edible flowers, with dollops of yogurt and some spelt or couscous.

4

Add some more oil to the same pan and then sauté the diced onion, garlic, coriander stalks and chilli until soft. Once soft, stir in the rest of the spice mix and cook for a few minutes.

5

Add the wine, cider or water to deglaze the pan. Add the tomatoes and molasses and give it a little stir. Simmer for 10 mins to reduce the sauce.

An alternative pulse to cannellini beans are carlin peas produced by Nick Saltmarsh at Soil Association organic certified Hodmedods based in Suffolk. You can find a number of recipes in Ollie’s book that are adapted to using these British grown pulses.

View the full range online: www.hodmedods.co.uk

Recipe credit to 30 Easy Ways to Join the Food Revolution by Ollie Hunter. Recipe image credit to Louise Hagger.

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