Scotland in Later Prehistoric Europe TOC

From chains to brooches

Scotland in Later Prehistoric Europe

i

S c otl a nd in Lat e r Prehi sto ri c Euro pe

ii

From chains to brooches

Scotland in Later Prehistoric Europe Edited by

Fraser Hunter and Ian Ralston

iii

S c otl a nd in Lat e r Prehi sto ri c Euro pe Jacket photography by Neil Mclean; Š Trustees of National Museums Scotland Published in 2015 in Great Britain by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Society of Antiquaries of Scotland National Museum of Scotland Chambers Street Edinburgh EH1 1JF Tel: 0131 247 4115 Fax: 0131 247 4163 Email: administration@socantscot.org Website: www.socantscot.org The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland is a registered Scottish charity No SC010440.

ISBN 978 1 90833 206 6 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Copyright Š contributors 2015 All rights reserved.

The authors and the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland gratefully acknowledge funding towards the publication of this volume from the Marc Fitch Fund, the Robert Kiln Trust and National Museums Scotland.

Design and production by Lawrie Law and Alison Rae Typesetting by Waverley Typesetters, Warham, Norfolk Manufactured in Spain

iv

From chains to brooches

Contents

Acknowledgements vii List of contributors ix List of illustrations xi 1 Introduction Fraser Hunter

1

2 Facing the Northern Ocean: the British Late Bronze and Iron Ages in their continental perspective Barry Cunliffe

5

3 Bronze objects for Atlantic elites in France and beyond (thirteenth–eighth century bc) 19 Pierre-Yves Milcent 4 The Later Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the southern Low Countries: where East meets West Eugène Warmenbol

47

5 Changes in iconography, votive practices and burial rites at 500 bc in southern Scandinavia Flemming Kaul

85

6 ‘I have not been able to discover anything of interest in the peat’: landscapes and environments in the Later Bronze and Iron Ages in Scotland Richard Tipping

103

7 Keeping up with the neighbours? Changing perceptions of later prehistoric societies in central Britain Colin Haselgrove

119

8 The contribution of contract archaeology to Iron Age research in Scotland Andrew Dunwell

139

9 Bronze Age architectural traditions: dates and landscapes Rachel Pope

159

10 Within these walls: household and society in Iron Age Scotland and Ireland Ian Armit

185

11 The hillforts and enclosed settlements of Scotland: an overview Ian Ralston

201

12 Belief and ritual(isation) in later prehistoric Scotland Martin Goldberg

211

v

S c otl a nd in Lat e r Prehi sto ri c Euro pe 13 Craft in context: artefact production in later prehistoric Scotland Fraser Hunter

225

14 It’s pretty, but is it Celtic art? North British decorative metalwork in its European context J V S Megaw & M Ruth Megaw

247

15 Scotland in Europe Stratford P Halliday

281

Index 295

vi

From chains to brooches

Acknowledgements

The papers in this volume were delivered at a conference held by the Society in Edinburgh on 19–21 September 2008. The conference was organised by a sub-committee of the Society’s Research Committee, chaired by its convenor, the late Ian Shepherd, and comprising Dr David Clarke, Dr Simon Gilmour, Dr Fraser Hunter, Dr Brendan O’Connor and Professor Ian Ralston. For tremendous assistance in the practical aspects of organising what was a memorable and well-attended conference, thanks are due to the Society’s Director, Dr Simon Gilmour, and its staff, especially Jacqui Clabby and Jan Paterson.

The editors were invited to take the proceedings of the conference forward for publication – a process which has proved more protracted than we intended owing to pressures of other work, but we feel the resulting papers are worth the wait. The conference was supported by Aberdeenshire Council, Historic Scotland, National Galleries of Scotland, National Museums Scotland, RCAHMS and the University of Glasgow. The publication has been grantaided by the Marc Fitch Fund, Robert Kiln Trust and National Museums Scotland.

vii

S c otl a nd in Lat e r Prehi sto ri c Euro pe

viii

From chains to brooches

List of contributors

Ian Armit University of Bradford Barry Cunliffe University of Oxford Andrew Dunwell CFA Archaeology, Musselburgh Martin Goldberg National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh Stratford P Halliday University of Edinburgh Colin Haselgrove University of Leicester Fraser Hunter National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh Flemming Kaul National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen J V S Megaw and M Ruth Megaw ✞ Flinders University, Adelaide Pierre-Yves Milcent Université de Toulouse 2 Rachel Pope University of Liverpool Ian Ralston University of Edinburgh Richard Tipping University of Stirling Eugène Warmenbol Université Libre de Bruxelles

ix