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FOCUS ON WORDS 1 Elevpaket – Tryckt + Digital elevlicens 12 mån

LÄS OCH PROVA ELEVPAKETETS SAMTLIGA DELAR

FOCUS ON WORDS 1 Elevpaket – Tryckt + Digital elevlicens 12 mån Focus on Words 1 är ett elevpaket som består av två delar: elevhäfte och digitalt läromedel. På följande sidor kan du provläsa och bilda dig en uppfattning om såväl det digitala läromedlet som den tryckta delen.

ELEVBOK I det 48-sidiga häftet finns praktiska övningar, baserade på teoretisk kunskap, för att utöka ordförråd. Koncept som kollokationer, lämplighet, frekvens och grammatik kring ett ord ingår i övningar, och genom ’Word Families’-övningar får eleverna verktyg att ytterligare utöka sitt ordförråd.

DIGITALA LÄROMEDEL I det digital läromedlet ingår hela tryckta häftet som e-bok, texterna inlästa med textföljning, läromedlets självrättande ordövningar, läromedlets hörövningar och filmade genomgånger där författaren förklarar olika ordinlärningsstrategier. Dessutom kan de studerande markera stycken och lägga in egna bokmärken med anteckningar.

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FOCUS ON WORDS

Diane Schmitt

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Contents Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Units 1–5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8

Fair competition Social influencers Voting Fact checkers Water rights Review Perfectionism Honorific titles Ultra-processed foods

4 9 13 16 19 22 24 26 28

Unit 9 Lying Unit 10 Economics Units 1–10 Review Unit 11 The teenage brain Unit 12 Allergies Unit 13 The gender pay gap Unit 14 The pink tax Unit 15 Bias in healthcare Units 1–15 Review

30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46

Getting Started Focus on Words aims to help you build your vocabulary by developing the link between a word’s form and its meaning. However, there are many other aspects of knowledge about words that you will need to learn in order to use words well. Click here to watch a video about what you need to learn to really know a word. One specific type of word knowledge that is important for recognising the meaning of word forms is a word’s family. A word family includes a range of word forms for different parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs) that share the same core meaning. Click here to watch a video about word families. If you want to find out more about what a word means or how you can use it, a dictionary will help. Click here to watch a video about the types of information that you can find in a good learner’s dictionary.

How to use Focus on Words Every unit has 20 target words or phrases to learn. Section 1 introduces the words in a selfassessment quiz. Read and listen to the form of each target word and decide how well you know it. Section 2 presents all of the words in a reading text so you can see how they are used in a context. Section 3 focuses on building a link between the form of each word and its meaning. The matching exercise introduces each word and its definition. Complete three more meaning exercises to make the link between form and meaning stronger in your memory. Section 4 presents all of the words in one or two listening texts. Listen to each text to build the link between each word’s spoken form and its meaning. Sections 5 and 6 focus on developing knowledge of each word’s form. Learning to use the accurate form of new words can be one of the most difficult parts of word learning. The spelling quiz in Section 5 checks whether you have paid attention to the spelling of each word. Section 6 presents the word families that each word belongs to and provides practice working with common patterns of spelling for different parts of speech.

UNIT 1

What does it mean to know a word? Many words in English have more than one meaning. The most common word forms are used again and again, but with different meanings. So, when you see or hear a word that you know, pay attention to the context. You may need to learn a new meaning.

TARGET WORDS access advance advantage athlete benefit

break a record competition consider enable event

extent extraordinary float goggles impact

performance prior reject thus uneven

Listen to the pronunciation of the words by clicking on each word in the digital material.

1. ASSESS YOUR VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE Look at the words in the box. These are the target words for this chapter. Use the scale below to score yourself on each word. Write the number in the box in front of each word. 1. I don’t know this word. 2. I have seen or heard this word before, but I am not sure of the meaning. 3. I understand this word when I see it or hear it, but I don’t know how to use it in my own speaking or writing 4. I know this word.

2. READING Read the passage below about fair competition. As you read, pay special attention to the target vocabulary words in bold. Sporting competitions are based on the idea that the best athlete or team is expected to win. To ensure that this happens, it is necessary to have a level playing field. This means that no athlete has an unfair advantage over another athlete. This raises the question whether technological developments in sporting equipment provide advantages that create an uneven playing field and lead to unfairness. One such technological development is the replacement of cinder tracks with synthetic tracks in sprint events. Synthetic tracks absorb less of the sprinter’s energy. Another is the use of full body polyurethane swimsuits. These push water away from the swimmer’s body and enable swimmers to float higher in the water. Professor Stephen Haake created a performance index formula which shows that these developments have in fact led to 4

Fair competition

improvements in athletes’ performances over time. However, the introduction of these technological advances has been met by quite different reactions in each sport. In track, the change in track surface has been accepted so in most major competitions, we will see athletes running on synthetic tracks. In swimming, an extraordinary number of world records were broken between 2008 and 2009. The massive improvement in performance was linked to use of the polyurethane swimsuit. The result was that use of polyurethane swimsuits was rejected by the ruling body for swimming (FINA). Since then, swimming times have decreased to levels found prior to the introduction of the polyurethane suit. To answer the question about fairness, we must consider the extent to which these technological advances changed the level of the playing field. While it’s true that today’s sprinters are faster than runners in 1948, only some of this improvement is related to the change in track. If all runners in a competition are running on the same surface, the benefits are available to all competitors. In swimming, FINA ruled that the use of polyurethane suits was unfair – this is partly because they were expensive and thus not available to all athletes. Swimming times also fell when swimmers first began wearing goggles. It is likely this earlier advance was considered fair because it was available to all athletes. In conclusion, the impact of technology on sports does not always lead to unfairness. Access to the new technology is what appears to matter most. If access is limited, for example because of the cost of the new technology, then this is widely seen as giving unfair advantage. When technology is available to all, then all competitors benefit.

READ AND LISTEN Now listen to the text by clicking on it in the digital material. Follow along and pay attention to the stress and intonation. READING COMPREHENSION 1. What happened before FINA banned the polyurethane swimsuit?

2. When is a technological advance considered fair or unfair?

3. WORD MEANING A. WORD MATCH Find the Wordmatch exercise online and match the words with their definitions.

B. WHICH ARE CORRECT? Read the target words and definitions. Then read the sentences. Mark two sentences in which the target word is used correctly. 1. extent: how large, important, serious, etc. something is a. Governments originally underestimated the extent of the COVID pandemic. b. The player had to wait for a doctor to assess the full extent of his injuries. c. Clothes should not be so tight that they reduce your extent. 2. impact: the powerful effect that something has on someone or something a. The TV advertisements against littering had a strong impact on me as a child. b. The government followed an impact of limited public spending. c. One impact of the discovery of the potato was greater food security in Europe. 3. event: one of the races or contests in a large sports meeting a. The Paris Olympics did not build a new event for the athletics competition. b. The downhill ski events were delayed because of high winds. c. The women’s gymnastics team event was won by the Americans. 4. float: to stay or move on the surface of a liquid without sinking a. The airline is floating a new service from Miami to Key West. b. The picnic area was ruined by the plastic bags floating in the pond. c. So many people were floating on rubber rings that it was difficult to swim. 5. extraordinary: unusual, unexpected, surprising, strange a. There was an extraordinary turnaround in the team’s performance. b. The number of school children who went on strike was quite extraordinary. c. The number of couples having only two children these days is extraordinary.

C. THE BEST DICTIONARY DEFINITION FOR THIS TEXT Many words have more than one meaning. Look back at each of these words in the reading. Use the context to choose the best dictionary definition for this text.

7. advance a. progress or a development in a particular activity or area of understanding b. money paid for work before it has been done or money paid earlier than expected 8. performance a. how well or badly you do something; how well or badly something works b. the act of performing a play, concert, or some other form of entertainment 9. uneven a. good in some parts and bad in others b. not smooth or flat 6

6. consider a. to think about someone and their feelings, and try to avoid upsetting them b. to think about something carefully, especially before making a choice or a decision

10. benefit a. helpful and useful effect that something has b. money provided by the government to people who need financial help because they are unemployed, ill, etc. 11. advantage a. something that helps you be more successful than others b. a good or useful feature that something has

D. SYNONYMS AND PARAPHRASES access

break a/the record

enabled

prior

thus

athletes

competition

goggles

reject

Each sentence contains a paraphrase or synonym for the target word. Read each sentence and then select the matching target word from the box. 12. The manager decided to was too costly. (refuse, throw out)

the employee’s proposal because it

13. The President’s proposal will improve (chance to go)

to pre-school education.

14. Visitors to the construction site were required to wear safety (protective glasses)

15. If temperatures stay this high, this summer will (rise above, top)

for heat.

16. Mental health is often overlooked in sport and with feelings of loneliness. (sports person)

may be left

17. Video conferencing many companies to continue operating throughout the pandemic. (made it possible) 18. The fire destroyed the library. replaced. (as a result)

, all the books had to be

19. The local newspaper organised a short story

. (contest)

20. All employees were required to wash their hands work. (before)

to beginning

4. LISTENING Go online to listen to more texts using the words.

5. WORD FORM E. SPELLING Find the Spelling exercise online. Listen to each word and spell it in the gap.

6. WORD FAMILIES Many words belong to a “family” of words that have a shared meaning. In the table below, you can see the word families for some of the target words for this chapter. The differences in spelling indicate parts of speech (noun, verb, adjective, and adverb). Pay attention to word endings. As you meet more words, you will begin to see spelling patterns for each part of speech. Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

access/accessibility

access

accessible

accessibility

benefit

beneficial

beneficially

consideration

consider

competition

compete

competitive

competitively

extraordinary

extraordinarily

performance

perform

rejection

reject

Listen to the pronunciation of the words. Notice how the stress patterns sometimes change for different parts of speech.

F. WORD FAMILY PRACTICE Select a target word from the word families table to complete the sentences below. Write the correct form of the word in the gap. Use each word family once only. 1. These tyres

well in wet and snowy conditions.

2. The city council gave careful lights with traffic circles.

to the idea of replacing traffic

3. After his injury the sprinter found it difficult to highest level.

at the

4. Service dogs have been found to be to people suffering from anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions. 6. The President’s

, the favourite for the Oscar was a foreign film. of the election results came as no surprise.

7. Areas of the city where fresh fruit and vegetables are not readily are called food deserts.

UNIT 2

What does it mean to know a word? When we think about the relationship between meaning and word form, we normally think of single words. However, it is also common in English for a single meaning to be represented by a string of words. We can see that in this unit with the phrases earn a living and out of sync. When you want to express an idea in English, remember that you may need a phrase rather than a single word.

TARGET WORDS advertise advice announce audience career

celebrity community considerably definitely earn a living

engage likely link marketing neglect

occur out of sync perhaps suck survey

Listen to the pronunciation of the words by clicking on each word in the digital material.

1. ASSESS YOUR VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE The words in the box are the target words for this chapter. Use the scale from Unit 1 to assess your knowledge of each word. Write the number in the box in front of each word.

2. READING Read the passage below about social influencers. As you read, pay special attention to the target vocabulary words in bold.

Social influencers Dear Carolyn

I’m worried about my 15-year old daughter. She spends a lot of time on social media watching “influencers” and has announced that she wants to become an influencer. I’m worried that she will get sucked into this world and neglect her schoolwork and this will have a negative effect on her being able to get a real job later on. What should I do? Worried Dad Dear Worried Dad, You are not alone. Many parents appear to be out of sync with their children when it comes to modern career choices. In a recent survey, one in five British 11–to 16-year-olds said they wanted to be a social media influencer when they grew up. However, social media influencer was not on the list parents gave of careers they wanted for their children. Perhaps this is because many parents don’t know what influencers actually do. 9

DID YOU KNOW? 1. The Oxford English Dictionary has over 600,000 entries. Thankfully, many of these include both present-day meanings and historical meanings. 2. Around 700 new words are added to the Oxford English Dictionary every year. 3. An average 20-year-old student who is a first language user of English knows 11,100 word families. 4. A person needs to know 8,000-9,000 words families to comfortably read a wide range of books, news articles and other written texts. 5. The 2,000 most frequent word families in English cover 80% of the words in most written texts. 6. The noun form of break has 16 different meaning senses. The verb form of break has 59 different meaning senses. When we add the phrasal verbs, break up, break out, break down, and break off, we get 36 more meaning senses. 7. There are seven ways to spell the sound ee in English. This sentence contains all of them: “He believed Caesar could see people seizing the seas”. 8. The four-letter combination ough can be pronounced nine different ways. The following sentences contain all of them. “A rough-coated1, dough-faced2, thoughtful3, ploughman4, strode through5 the streets of Scarborough6; after falling into a slough7, he coughed8, and hiccoughed9.” 9. The word telephone entered the English language in the 1860s and the frequency of its use increased until 1940, but from the 1960s, the word phone became more common. In the 2000s, we are six times more likely to see or hear the word phone, now that most people use mobile phones or cell phones. 10. Some English words exist only in plural form. For example: scissors, jeans, pyjamas, goggles, and congratulations. Word learning is a process of moving from knowing nothing about a word to knowing how to use a word in a range of different situations. A useful strategy for learning new words is to track your progress through the various stages of learning a word. At the beginning and end of each unit, use the scale below to score yourself on each word. 1. I don’t know this word. 2. I have seen or heard this word before, but I am not sure of the meaning. 3. I understand this word when I see it or hear it, but I don’t know how to use it in my own speaking or writing. 4. I know this word.

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