OF COURSE! 3 Elevpaket – Digitalt + Tryckt
LÄS OCH PROVA ELEVPAKETETS SAMTLIGA DELAR
OF COURSE 3! Elevpaket – Digitalt + Tryckt Of Course! är en läromedelsserie som täcker de fyra delkurserna för grundläggande vuxenutbildning i engelska. I läromedlet möter de studerande konkreta situationer som kommunikationen och språkproduktionen bygger vidare på, och grammatiken förklaras efter hand som nya konstruktioner förekommer i texterna. Eleven behöver inte kunna svenska för att använda boken.
ELEVBOK Elevboken är uppdelad i åtta kapitel, som vart och ett tar upp olika situationer och miljöer. Efter texterna kommer uppgifter som tränar läsförståelse, kommunikativ förmåga, grammatik och språkriktighet.
DIGITALT LÄROMEDEL I det digitala läromedlet kan eleverna söka i innehållet. De kan också göra egna anteckningar och markera viktiga stycken i texten. Anteckningarna sparas automatiskt och kan enkelt samlas ihop och skrivas ut.
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LENA LANGBORG & ERIKA TIDBLOM
OF COURSE!
3
Studentlitteratur AB Box 141 221 00 LUND Besöksadress: Åkergränden 1 Telefon 046-31 20 00 studentlitteratur.se
Produktionsstöd till detta läromedel har erhållits från Specialpedagogiska skolmyndigheten.
Kopieringsförbud Detta verk är skyddat av upphovsrättslagen. Kopiering, utöver lärares begränsade rätt att kopiera för undervisningsändamål enligt Bonus Copyright Access skolkopieringsavtal, är förbjuden. För information om avtalet hänvisas till utbildningsanordnarens huvudman eller Bonus Copyright Access. Vid utgivning av detta verk som e-bok, är e-boken kopieringsskyddad. Den som bryter mot lagen om upphovsrätt kan åtalas av allmän åklagare och dömas till böter eller fängelse i upp till två år samt bli skyldig att erlägga ersättning till upphovsman eller rättsinnehavare. Studentlitteratur har både digital och traditionell bokutgivning. Studentlitteraturs trycksaker är miljöanpassade, både när det gäller papper och tryckprocess. Illustrationer: Lene Due Jensen Formgivning: Helena Jansson Formgivning Art.nr 40781 ISBN 978-91-44-13646-2 © Författarna och Studentlitteratur AB 2023 Upplaga 1:1 Printed by BALTO print, Lithuania 2023
Contents
Welcome to Of Course! 3
6
Chapter 1
Love for life
7
A special gift of love It’s never too late to change A brother’s love for his sister The Brian Wilson Breakfast Show Be Proud of Who You Are Goodbye Note
8 12 13 15 21 21
Listening Carlos. Rana and her dad. Rana and her mum. Grammar and Vocabulary Grammar review: frequency adverbs, Wh- questions, regular verbs, irregular verbs. Tag questions. Other Speaking/Writing: Talk or write about habits. Practise the words in the poems and talk about the poems. Writing: Sentences in different tenses. Write your own love poem.
Chapter 2
Fight for life
25
Kiba’s story Abdo’s story Hussein’s story New Zealand Queenstown – the adventure capital of the world
26 28 30 33 33
Listening Places to go in New Zealand. Grammar and Vocabulary Grammar review: prepositions of place, verb tenses. Verbs in ing-form. Word families. Other Speaking/Writing: Questions about adventure sports. Speaking: What adventure would you like most? Writing: The story of someone who had to leave their home.
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Chapter 3
Different ways of being
47
Dylan – another kind of normal Sarah loves English I work harder than most people
48 50 52
Listening Jill and Ben at Radio Station X51. Grammar and Vocabulary Grammar review: using do and did to make questions and negative sentences, adjectives. This, that, these, those. Adverbs. Other Speaking: discuss the texts. Writing: A letter.
Chapter 4
The reunion
65
Meeting old friends Canada Justin and Graham
66 70 73
Listening Going up. After dinner. Grammar and Vocabulary Relative pronouns (who, which, and where). The past continuous. Word formation. Other Speaking: What were you doing when you heard …? What has happened in the last ten years …? Writing: My life ten years from now.
Chapter 5
Screen time
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Inside the mind of a gamer Too much screen time What are some negative effects of gaming? What are some positive effects of gaming? Will video games improve your English skills?
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Listening Body parts. The Taylors. Grammar and Vocabulary Do and make. Spelling hints. Word classes. Other Speaking: The negative effects. The positive effects. What do you think? Presenting your screen diary. Writing/Speaking: Where have you learned English? Writing: My screen diary.
Chapter 6
Travelling by train
101
York, Platform 9 In the tunnel Scotland I’m gonna be (500 miles)
102 105 108 110
Listening Maggie and Andy. Charlie and Kieran. Grammar and Vocabulary Countable and uncountable nouns. Much, many, a lot of, lots of. Some, none or any. The past perfect. Other Speaking: Travelling. Writing/Speaking: A list of questions. Writing: What happened? Plan your own trip by train.
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Chapter 7
Stars from Nigeria
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Wizkid Simi Hakeem Olajuwon Nigeria Nigeria My Beloved Country
124 126 129 132 133
Listening Hope, Musa, Bako: interviews with three people in Lagos. Grammar and Vocabulary Pronunciation. Helping (modal) verbs. Other Speaking: Presentation. Writing: An interview.
Chapter 8
Books that speak to you
141
The Way it Works About the author More books to read What’s good about reading? What’s the time in San Francisco?
142 145 145 147 150
Listening An important job. Grammar and Vocabulary Basic sentence structure. Articles (definite, indefinite, or none). Prefixes. Other Speaking: Discuss the book. What time is it? Writing: A letter, email or message.
Resource section
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Welcome to Of Course! 3 Your trip to the world of English has already come a long way. Now it’s time to keep going with the next level. We will help you by providing new reading texts, grammar pages, exercises and lots of chances to help you get better at speaking and writing. In Of Course! 1 and Of Course! 2 you visited many countries where they speak English, and learned a lot about them and the people that live there. In Of Course! 3 we invite you to join us on visits to Scotland, Canada, Nigeria and New Zealand. You will meet people with different hobbies and jobs, and find out more about their countries. You can listen to all the reading texts online on your phone, a tablet or a computer. On a tablet or computer you can even read and listen to the texts at the same time. Every chapter has a few texts with a common theme. For example, in Chapter 5, you can find out what’s inside the mind of a gamer, and in Chapter 6 you can join Maggie, and the people she meets, on a train trip to Scotland. The last chapter presents some books that you might like to read. And – of course! – you will learn a lot of new words and grammar to improve your language skills. There are questions to check that you understand what you read after every text. There is also new grammar in every chapter and a word list. You will write your own texts and speak English with other students in the classroom. There are lots of listening exercises which you can find by logging into the digital material. Don’t forget to answer the questions after listening! Of course there are lots of other interactive exercises in the digital material, where you can practise reading, vocabulary, spelling, grammar and more. You can find out right away if your answer was right or wrong, and do the exercises again until everything is right! It’s like having a teacher sitting next to you at the computer. We are very pleased to help you on this trip into your English language future. Lena Langborg and Erika Tidblom P.s. On the last page of every chapter you will see a list of the digital exercises. Just click on this symbol in the digital book to start the exercises! 6 six
CHAPTER 1 Love for life
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A special gift of love
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Andrew hurried down the street. He was looking for a shop where they sell make-up, but he didn’t really know where to go. He didn’t want to ask his wife or any of their friends – this was his secret. Then suddenly he saw a shop window full of pictures with beautiful women in perfect make-up, and stopped. This was the right place! He entered the shop and began to examine the products. He didn’t know anything about make-up or how to apply it, maybe because he was over 50 and not really interested in it. He looked for instructions on the labels, but it didn’t say how to actually put the make-up on. After a few minutes, the shop assistant came up to him and asked if he needed help. “Well, yes please,” he answered. “I have never used make-up before and I wonder if you have lessons for customers who want to learn how to use it.”
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If the woman was surprised, she didn’t show it. She replied that they didn’t offer make-up lessons, but she could recommend a place that did. Andrew thanked her very much. “After I have learned how to use make-up, I will come back and buy the make-up from you, because you’ve been so helpful.”
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Two weeks later, Andrew started make-up lessons. The teacher was a woman called Angelica and she was an expert on make-up and hairstyling. In the classroom, there were seven other students. All of them were younger women. They looked at him curiously, but didn’t say anything other than hello. Angelica showed them how to do different types of make-up on one of the other students. At the end of the lesson, the instructor told them to try some of the things she taught them at home, as homework.
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After the second lesson, some of the women stayed in the classroom and asked Angelica why Andrew was taking a make-up lesson. Angelica just smiled and said: “Everybody is welcome to join my lessons. And I know there are men who like to wear make-up. Why should women be the only ones to try to improve their looks?” “Well, I wonder if he is a transvestite,” one of the women whispered. “You know, a man who likes to wear women’s clothes and make-up.” Her friend suggested: “Maybe he is just curious and wants to understand young people. He writes everything down and he is very serious. He doesn’t talk to any of us.” Before the third lesson began, one of the women approached Andrew and asked him why he had chosen to take make-up lessons. “I could see you were curious,” Andrew answered with a sad smile. “It is like this. I am married to a wonderful woman and six months ago she was in a car accident. Her hands were hurt very badly and she can’t put on her make-up by herself anymore. I try to help her with everything, including her make-up, but I’m not very good with the make-up. I told her she is beautiful just the way she is, but she doesn’t want to leave the house without make-up. I hate to see her sad, so I decided to take this course and learn how to do it. This is my gift to the love of my life.”
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AFTER READING 001 True or False?
Write the answers in your notebook. Write T for TRUE and F for FALSE. 1. Andrew was not married. 2. He did not want to ask anyone he knew where he could buy make-up. 3. He asked the shop assistant to tell him which was the best make-up. 4. Andrew didn’t know how to put on make-up. 5. The shop assistant told him that she could recommend a place where he could learn how to apply make-up. 6. The women were happy that there was a man taking the lessons too. 7. One of the women thought that Andrew was a transvestite. 8. Angelica said that everybody was welcome in her course. 9. Andrew wanted to learn how to put on make-up so that he looked better. 10. Andrew’s wife could not put on make-up herself because she was blind. 11. Andrew thought that his wife looked beautiful without make-up. 12. His gift to his wife was to help her put on her make-up.
GRAMMAR: TAG QUESTIONS – IT’S NOT DIFFICULT, IS IT? Tag questions come at the end of a sentence. They are used when the speaker is almost sure about something, but wants to check if it’s right. Always use the word not, either in the main part of the sentence or in the tag (the end of the sentence).
Examples: I am not the only one who wonders why he is here, am I? He didn’t talk to the other students, did he? She is named Angelica, isn’t she? It isn’t the right place, is it? Tag questions can use do, don’t, did or didn’t instead of repeating the same verb. Examples: You know how to apply make-up, don’t you? They learned how to put on make-up, didn’t they?
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• In a positive sentence, the tag question is always negative. We are late, aren’t we? • In a negative sentence, the tag question is always positive. She isn’t happy, is she?
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002 Fill in the gaps in the tag questions
? ? ? ? ? ?
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1. Andrew’s wife can’t put on make-up, 2. Angelica cares about her students, 3. Andrew loves his wife, ? 4. They often talked about the only man in the class, 5. Annie was curious about Andrew, 6. Olivia likes make-up, ? 7. This make-up is very expensive, 8. You don’t know why he is learning about make-up,
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It’s never too late to change Julia had become a teenager just two weeks before she went into her father’s home office to look for a good book to read. Her father always encouraged her to read and to learn about life and people. He was a hardworking man who did everything he could to make her and her mother happy. When she found Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens, she took it from the bookshelf and started reading it right away. But then she stopped, because she could see that there was something hidden behind the other books on the shelf. It was a small, rather old book. My Diary was written in big letters on the cover. Was it her father’s diary? She knew she should not read it. A diary is personal and might be full of secrets. Nobody else should be allowed to read it. But, she loved her father very much and decided that the diary could be a new way to find out more about his life. He never talked much about his childhood or his parents and she wondered why. She was too curious to just put it back without reading it. She decided to read the last entry first. It was written on her dad’s 20th birthday. She read that he had not celebrated his birthday. His own A teenager is someone who is father was in prison at the time, and thirteen or fourteen or fifteen, or his mother was staying with her sixteen or seventeen or eighteen, sister. It sounded like she did that a or nineteen years old. lot. Harry wrote that he didn’t care about his birthday, because next year he was going to be somewhere else. He had left school when he was 16 and he didn’t have a job. He drank too much alcohol and he used drugs sometimes. His girlfriend was only 17 years old and pregnant with his child. Julia read the last page in the diary: “It’s time to change my life. I have just discovered that I’m going to be a father. I want to be the best father in the world. I will do everything I can to make my child happy. I want to be the father I never had.”
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AFTER READING 003 Answer the questions
1. How old was Julia? 2. Why did she go into her father’s home office? 3. What did Julia’s father always encourage her to do? 4. What book did Julia choose to read? 5. Why did she suddenly stop reading? 6. What made her curious? 7. Why did she decide to read it? 8. How do you think she felt after she finished reading? 9. Do you think her feelings for her father changed after she read it? Why? 10. Do you think that it was all right to do as she did?
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A brother’s love for his sister The Thomsons moved to a new house in the outback in Australia not long after their first child Belinda was born. When she was two, her little brother Ethan was born. As they grew up, they became the best of friends. They were a happy family, but bad things can happen to any family. When Belinda was only twelve years old, she became very sick. Her parents had to take her to hospital. She had to have an operation. The doctor was worried and told her parents it was difficult to find her blood type quickly, because they were in a small hospital far away from the city. They needed to be able to give her a blood transfusion immediately if she lost blood during the operation. When they checked the blood types of Belinda’s parents and her little brother Ethan, they discovered that Ethan was the only possible donor. The nurse talked to little Ethan and explained the situation. She told Ethan that Belinda was very sick and that Ethan’s blood could save her life. Did he want to help his sister? Ethan didn’t answer the question at first. He looked very serious as he walked around the room and didn’t say a word for two minutes. Then, finally, he looked the nurse in the eye and said “Yes.” donor: someone who gives something
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His parents hugged him and thanked him and told him he was a good and brave boy. “I must go now,” Ethan said to his parents. “Goodbye Mum, goodbye Dad.” “Wait,” said the nurse. “One of your parents can come with you.” “That’s all right,” Ethan said. “You can stay with Belinda. I will be okay.” Ethan waved at his parents and followed the nurse into the lab so that she could take the blood from him. He didn’t cry or complain even though it hurt a little. The nurse finished the blood transfusion and looked at Ethan. He didn’t move. He just lay on the bed and looked at his arm where she took the blood. “Are you okay?” she asked him. “I’m just wondering how much time I have left. Is there enough time to go to Belinda’s room and say goodbye to her?” “You don’t need to say goodbye,” the nurse explained. “She will recover after the blood transfusion and soon you can all go home together like before.” “So I am not going to die? I gave her all my blood,” Ethan said and looked surprised. “No, you just gave her a little, just enough for her to survive.” Ethan got up and went straight to his parents. “Mum! Dad! Did you choose to let Belinda live and for me to die?” “Oh, no Ethan! Of course not! We love you both very much and we want you to live for many, many years.”
AFTER READING 004 What happened when?
a. Belinda got very sick one day. b. The doctors checked what blood types the family had. c. Belinda had an operation. d. The nurse said that they could go home together after Belinda recovered. e. The doctors were worried that Belinda would lose a lot of blood. f. The nurse told Ethan that his blood could save his sister’s life. g. Belinda’s little brother, Ethan, was born. h. Ethan said goodbye to his parents. i. The Thomsons moved to the outback, in Australia. j. Belinda’s parents took her to hospital. k. Ethan asked the nurse how much time he had left to live. l. The nurse explained that he was not going to die.
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Put the sentences in the right order from one to twelve. Write them in order in your notebook.
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The Brian Wilson Breakfast Show Brian Wilson works at Radio 5 and he is the host of The Brian Wilson Breakfast Show every day from 7 o’clock to 10 o’clock in the morning. This Saturday morning, he has invited three people to talk about their different habits. The guests on the show come from three different generations.
Brian: Good morning and welcome to my breakfast show, everybody! It’s
eight o’clock. Is this early morning for you, Nicole? Nicole: Oh yes, for a weekend morning! I usually sleep until noon, or even © F Ö R FAT TA R N A O C H S T U D E N T L I T T E R AT U R
later. I think that Saturday’s the best day of the week! George: Really? What a waste of time! I rarely sleep later than seven
o’clock. I always have so many things to do! Brian: I never do either. What about you, Margaret? Are you up before five? Margaret: Oh yes, I normally am. But sometimes I don’t get up until
six o’clock. Nicole: Are you joking, Margaret? Margaret: Of course I am. Why does everybody think that all old people love
to get up so early? Brian: So tell us the truth, Margaret! I’m always curious to know the truth. Chapter 1 – Love for life
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Margaret: Well, I usually get up at seven or eight. If it’s a
morning paper = a newspaper
beautiful summer’s day, I want to make sure I get the best spot on the beach. But normally, I stay in bed much longer and listen to the radio for a while. My husband often brings me the morning paper and a nice cup of tea. George: Sounds like a lovely habit! I look forward to the day I can retire
from my boring job! I seldom have time to read the newspaper these days.
Brian: And what are your plans then, George? George: To build my own house, to travel the world, to read a lot of books,
to grow vegetables in my own garden and … Brian: All right! Thank you, George. I think we all wish we had more free
time. What do you usually do on Saturdays, after you wake up, Nicole? Nicole: The first thing I always do is to check my phone. Nicole: No, I mean, I check for messages. Maybe there is something going
on or somebody wants to meet up. Margaret: Well, that’s nice! Where do you usually meet your friends? Nicole: We meet online … It’s actually pretty cool, because I don’t need
to get out of bed and get dressed! I never use the camera on the mobile phone – I usually say it’s broken. And well, occasionally I do go out and meet them in a café or a park. Brian: I think we can all agree that we live rather different lives. Thank
you for joining me on the breakfast show. Have a nice day and make the best of it – in the way you choose! 16 sixteen
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Margaret: Is there often something wrong with it?
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GRAMMAR REVIEW – FREQUENCY ADVERBS
How to use frequency adverbs Word order: Subject + adverb + main verb Examples: Margaret usually gets up at 8. George seldom has time to read the papers. Subject + verb to be + adverb + adjective Examples: She is always tired. I am often late. Adverbs of frequency answer the question: How often? What percent (%) of the time?
Adverb
Example
100%
always
Her father always encouraged her to read.
90%
usually/ normally
He usually wakes up early in the morning. The bus normally comes on time.
70%
often
She often stays with her sister.
50%
sometimes
He sometimes used drugs.
30%
occasionally
I occasionally go out and meet my friends in a café.
10%
seldom
I seldom have time to read the newspaper.
5%
rarely/ hardly ever
I rarely sleep later than 7 o’clock. I hardly ever drink beer.
0%
never
He never talked about his childhood.
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005 What happened when?
Look at The Brian Wilson Breakfast Show text again. What do the guests do often never seldom sometimes rarely usually always occasionally ? Write at least two sentences about every guest on the show. Use all of the frequency adverbs. Write in your notebook. Example: George always has so many things to do.
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GRAMMAR REVIEW – WH-QUESTIONS Do you remember the question words? who why what
how when
where
whose
SPEAKING AND WRITING 006 Talk or write about habits
Find out about your classmates’ habits. Use the question words and the frequency adverbs to ask questions.
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Examples: When do you usually get up in the morning? What would you never wear to school? How often do you…?
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GRAMMAR REVIEW – REGULAR VERBS
in the present, past and present perfect tenses Present tense: I play football every Wednesday. Past tense: Yesterday, I played a match with my football team. Present perfect: I have played football since I was five years old. Add -ed to the regular verbs when using the past or the present perfect tense. Remember to use have or has before the verb in the present perfect tense. Examples: I have looked for my keys everywhere. She has looked for our cat all day. Singular Plural I have worked We have worked You have worked You have worked He has worked They have worked She has worked It has worked Remember the -s on the verb in the present tense. Examples: Margaret likes to make sure she gets a place on the beach. Nicole sleeps until noon. but: I play, you sing, we listen and they talk.
WRITING 007 Write sentences in the different tenses
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check complain encourage recover recommend retire Write three sentences for each of the verbs in the box, using the present tense, the past tense, and the present perfect tense. Examples: She recommends Angelica’s lessons to people who want to buy make-up. Yesterday, she recommended the lessons to Robert. She has recommended the lessons to five people this week.
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GRAMMAR REVIEW – IRREGULAR VERBS
in the present, past and present perfect tenses Irregular verbs have different forms in the past and in the present perfect form. base form
present tense
past tense
present perfect
be begin choose do hurt see teach tell wear write
am, are, is begin, begins choose, chooses do, does hurt, hurts see, sees teach, teaches tell, tells wear, wears write, writes
was, were began chose did hurt saw taught told wore wrote
has been, have been has begun, have begun has chosen, have chosen has done, have done has hurt, have hurt has seen, have seen has taught, have taught has told, have told has worn, have worn has written, have written
008 Fill in the gaps
1. George his car to work every day. (drive) 2. Yesterday, Nicole her phone at home! (forget) 3. I this song too many times! (hear) 4. Brian always to listen carefully to all the guests. (try) 5. It’s difficult to what they say on the radio nowadays. (hear) 6. Margaret never anything we say to her. (forget) 7. Nurse Betty Ethan since he was five years old. (know) 8. It Belinda a long time to recover. (take) 9. When Brian arrived, they already there. (be) 10. Belinda’s parents everything for her and Ethan since they were born. (do) 11. George and his wife not sure if they want to retire next year. (be) 12. Julia’s father a stupid thing when he was young. (do)
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Fill in the right form of the verb (in brackets at the end of each sentence). Write in your notebook.
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Be Proud Of Who You Are by S. Raine I come with no wrapping or pretty pink bows. I am who I am, from my head to my toes. I tend to get loud when speaking my mind. Even a little crazy some of the time. I’m not a size 5 and don’t care to be. You can be you and I can be me. I try to stay strong when pain knocks me down. And the times that I cry are when no one is around. To make mistakes is human or that’s what they say. Well, tell me who’s perfect anyway.
Goodbye Note
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by S. Raine I never thought this day would come. I truly thought you were the one. We used to laugh and talk all night. Now we argue, fuss, and fight. All is wrong in things I do. To take the blame is never you. So quick to run when things get rough. Your best excuse, it’s just too tough. Home alone has become my life. Did you forget you had a wife? I keep it secret when things turn bad. Because our kids love their dad. I’ll sleep tonight on what I wrote. As I leave this goodbye note.
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SPEAKING 009 Practise saying the words
Listen to the poems in the digital material. Look up any words you do not understand. And listen especially to words like rough and tough. What do they sound like? Listen many times and try to say the words like the reader does. Listen – stop – repeat. Practice makes perfect! 010 Talk about the poems
In pairs or small groups, talk about each poem at a time. These questions can help you. What do you think has happened? Try to describe the person who is talking in the poem. What is the problem? What advice would you like to give? How do you think it will end?
WRITING 011 Write your own love poem
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Read the two poems again. Love can be wonderful, but also difficult and sad. Write a poem about love, happy or not. Your poem does not need to rhyme, and it does not need to be long. Try to write around 10 lines.
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NEW WORDS
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Translate into your language. Write the words in English and your language in your notebook and learn them. Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
accident alcohol blame blood camera cover diary drugs entry generation habit label letter make-up message mistake note page product secret shelf shop assistant situation spot teenager vegetables
apply argue check chosen (choose) complain encourage hidden (hide) hurry (hurried) knock lost (lose) recommend recover retire taught (teach) tend to thought (think) written (write)
crazy hardworking perfect possible rough serious tough
Other words and phrases at first badly even though for a while finally look forward to normally quickly rarely rather truly used to
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WORK WITH THE DIGITAL EXERCISES Word check 1 Word order Match two parts of a sentence Spelling: Listen and write the words Dictation: Listen and write the sentences Grammar review: Adverbs of frequency – how often? Grammar review: Present tense Grammar review: Choose the right tense Listening 1: Carlos Listening 2: Rana and her dad
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Listening 3: Rana and her mum
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RESOURCE SECTION Measurements Imperial or American
Metric
1 mile
1.6 kilometers
1 foot (12 inches)
30 centimeters
1 inch
25 millimeters or 2.54 centimeters
1 yard (3 feet)
91 centimeters (almost a meter)
1 pound
454 grams (almost half a kilogram)
1 stone (14 pounds) (UK)
6.35 kilograms
32 degrees Fahrenheit
0 degrees Celsius (freezing point)
75 degrees Fahrenheit
24 degrees Celsius
Useful phrases Formal Greetings Hello. Good morning. Good afternoon.
Good evening. It’s nice to meet you.
It’s nice to see you. It’s a pleasure to meet you.
What’s up? Nice to meet you.
Pleased to meet you. It’s a pleasure.
Informal Greetings Hi! Hey!
Questions when you meet someone
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How are you? How are you doing?
How have you been? How’s your day going so far?
How’s it going? How are things?
Answers I’m great or I’m fine. I’m okay or I’m all right. I’m doing well. I’ve been doing very well.
My day has been pretty good so far. Not too bad. Things are really good.
Other polite questions and expressions Can you please…? Would you like to..? Would you like some..? Excuse me. You’re welcome (in response to Thank you).
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For discussions If you are curious about an opinion: Could you tell me …? What do you think about/of …? What’s your opinion about …? Do you think/feel …? How do you think/feel about …? May I ask you …?
If you need an explanation: Could you explain to me …? Could you please tell me …? I don’t really understand … I just don’t see why …. What do you mean by that? Excuse me, did you say that …?
If you want to express your opinion: In my opinion/view …. If you ask me … It seems to me that …. I think/believe that … If you want my opinion … First of all, I’d like to say that … It’s a fact that … The way I see it … Personally I think that.. The point I’m trying to make is … What I actually meant was …
If you agree: I agree … I agree entirely.. I couldn’t agree more.. I think so, too. That’s exactly what I mean. That’s a good/important point. So do I./So am I. That is so true.
The English alphabet A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z (the blue letters are vowels)
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If you agree but not entirely or 100%: Yes, maybe but … Yes, but on the other hand … Yes, I agree in a way but … Well, it depends … I don’t think it’s as simple as that. I see what you mean but … You may be right there.
If you disagree: I’m afraid that I disagree. I’m sorry, I can’t agree. Do you really think so? I wouldn’t say so. I don’t think so. Are you seriously saying that..? I don’t want to argue with you but …. I’m not convinced that … I don’t think you’re right.
Numbers 0 zero/oh 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten
20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 one hundred 101 one hundred and one
1,000 one thousand 2,000 two thousand 100,000 a/one hundred thousand 1,000,000 a/one million
Capital letters The words below start with a capital letter (big letter) in English. Nationalities/people: Aboriginal, Australian, Chinese, European Months: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December Days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday Holidays: Christmas, Thanksgiving
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Languages: English, Swedish, Arabic, Hindi, Spanish
What time is it ?
half past five 5:30
ten past eight 8:10
a quarter past two 2:15
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a quarter to eleven 10:45
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Adjectives Words that describe people, things or places. Examples: She is happy. I am tired. They are hungry. You can use adjectives to compare people or things. Examples: My box is small and your box is smaller, but Harry’s box is the smallest. Linda’s cup is bigger than Billy’s cup. positive
comparative ( add -er)
superlative ( add -est)
regular
cold small dirty hot beautiful
colder smaller dirtier hotter more beautiful
the coldest the smallest the dirtiest the hottest the most beautiful
irregular
good bad
better worse
the best the worst
Wh-questions Who Where What When Why How
Who is it? It’s Peter. Where are you? I am at school. What is this? It is an English book. When is your birthday? In September. Why are you angry? I can’t find my keys. How many people came? Only five.
Tag questions Examples: You are tired, aren´t you? We can stay here, can’t we? She likes horses, doesn’t she? He doesn’t like the car, does he? They live in this house, don’t they?
There is or there are? There is one cat. There is a new table.
There are two dogs. There are many chairs.
Prepositions in, on, under, behind, left, right, in front of, over, at Examples: Where is the ball? It is in the box. The girl is at school. His car is to the left of the yellow bike. The museum is in front of you.
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Use a tag at the end of a question to confirm that something is right.
ADVERBS Adverbs describe verbs or adjectives. Most adverbs are made by adding -ly to an adjective. Example: The man is slow. He is a slow walker. He walks slowly. (slowly describes how the man walks). The man is an extremely slow walker. (extremely describes the word slow). If the adjective ends in a consonant and -y, replace the -y with -i and then add -ly. Example: happy happily
WHEN? Never, sometimes, usually, often, always never sometimes often usually always
0 50 70 90 100 % The baby often cries. He never works. We are usually late. Frequency adverbs follow this word order: subject + adverb + main verb. Example: He never reads. They usually drink milk. subject + verb 'to be' + adverb + adjective. Example: She is always tired. I am often late.
Basic sentence structure English is a subject - verb- object language. Subject: the person or thing that is the “doer” in a sentence. It is often placed in the beginning of a sentence. Example: She is hungry. The boys run fast. © F Ö R FAT TA R N A O C H S T U D E N T L I T T E R AT U R
Verb: the word that expresses an action, the “doing” word. Example: Sally drinks tea. The children read books. The object: a person or a thing that receives the action of a verb. It is found after the verb in a sentence. Example: I eat lunch. Harry loves Sally.
Here are some more basic sentence patterns: Subject - verb - adjective The adjective describes something or somebody. The girl is young. The houses were red.
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Subject - verb - adverb The adverb describes how something is done. He sang beautifully. My sister has worked hard. Subject - verb - noun The noun can be a person or a thing. Moira is a teacher. Harry is my friend.
Common grammar and spelling mistakes The “s” Five ways to use it: In plural nouns: Two dogs, many boys. In verbs in the present tense, third person singular: She sings, he likes, it works. To show possession (the genitive) with singular nouns – after an apostrophe: the dog’s food, the boy’s dog. To show possession (the genitive) with plural nouns – before an apostrophe: the dogs’ food, the boys’ dog. As a short form of “is”: He’s nice, the boy’s happy.
Then/than I liked it at first but then I changed my mind. He is taller than his father.
To/too I like to go swimming. Give it to me, please. I can’t see it; it’s too far away. She says that she likes me and I like her too.
Are they here already? Yes, they’re here. Where is the ball? It’s there in the corner. Is this the neighbours’ dog? Yes, it’s their dog.
You’re/your I liked you better before you got rich. You’re not the person you used to be. Where is my book? Your book is on the table.
It’s/its It’s one o’clock and I’m still awake. I love everything about this house; its windows, its colours and its size.
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They’re/there/their
British or American English? In the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) people speak British English (BrE). In the USA they speak American English ( AmE).
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Some words are different in British and American English: British English American English
British English
American English
autumn
fall
lorry
truck
biscuit
cookie
post
chips
fries or French fries
motor
engine
pavement
sidewalk
cooker
stove
petrol
gas
crisps
chips or potato chips
pharmacy or chemist
drugstore or pharmacy
cupboard
closet
pub
bar
curtains
drapes
public toilet
restroom
film
movie
pudding
dessert
flat
apartment
purse
handbag
football
soccer
queue
line
garden
yard
return ticket
round trip
ground floor
first floor
rubbish
garbage, trash
hire a car (a hire car)
rent a car (a rental car)
shop
store
holiday
vacation
sofa
couch
ill
sick
tin
can
jam
jelly
to book
to make a reservation
jelly
jello
trousers
pants
lift
elevator
underground
subway
Some words are spelt differently in British and American English. British English
American English
British English
American English
apologise
apologize
defence
defense
centre
center
theatre
theater
colour
color
traveller
traveler
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Letters and emails What is the difference between writing a letter and writing an email? Of course, an email is online and a letter needs to be put into an envelope and posted with a stamp. But there are also a few differences in the way they are written. There are also differences between a formal letter or email, and an informal letter or email.
A formal letter or email. A formal letter or email is sent to someone you do not know, in a business situation or to an expert or a public official. There is a stricter structure and a more formal language. Include a subject line in emails. Examples: Student meeting, January 18th at 2 pm New schedule next week. Include the name and address of the person you are writing to, and the date, in letters.
Both emails and letters need a greeting line. Examples: Dear students, Dear Mr Jones, To whom it may concern: Dear Sir,
Examples: Mr Jones 100 Faith Drive Albany, New York 12208
Useful phrases to start a formal letter or email: My name is…. and I would… Thank you for your email asking… In response to your letter… Following our phone conversation, I….. I am the student representative of….. and I have been asked to…. We are sorry to tell you that…. We regret to inform you that …. Useful phrases (or sign-offs) to close a formal letter or email: Best regards, Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely, With best wishes Only use ‘Yours sincerely’ if you know the name of the person you are writing to. Use ‘Yours faithfully’ if you have addressed the letter or email to ‘Dear Sir’ or ‘Dear Madam’ or ‘To whom it may concern.’
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Informal letter or email An informal letter is one you might write to someone you know, such as a friend or family member or someone you work or study with. The tone should be friendly, and you should use informal language and structure. An informal letter or email may not always use complete sentences or proper grammar. You can write it in ‘spoken language’, and use contractions, such as ‘I’d’, if you want to. Include a subject line in emails.
Both emails and letters need a greeting line.
Examples: Time for coffee? I’m so sorry. Meeting at 2 pm. Greeting: Write the date at the top of an informal letter. You don’t need to include the name and address of the person you are writing to. Example: 17th May 2023
Examples: Hey class! Hello Sarah, Hi everyone, Dear, Good morning, Useful phrases (or sign-offs) to close an informal letter or email: Thanks Best wishes Stay well
How to write an instruction • Use short sentences. • Write the instructions in a logical order (the first things first). • Do not skip any steps.
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How to send a text message to someone you know on your phone 1. Find your phone. 2. Then open the phone’s texting app. 3. Touch the icon to write a text message and start write in the name of the person you want to send a message to. If the person’s telephone number is saved in your phone, their name should come up and you can select it. If the person’s telephone number is not in your phone, you will have to add it first.* 4. When the person’s name is next to the ‘To’ on the top line, you will see a space further down where you can write a message. Use that space to type in your message. 5. Finally, touch the arrow, or the ‘send’ icon next to your message to send it.
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OF COURSE! 3 Of Course! är en läromedelsserie som täcker de fyra delkurserna för grundläggande vuxenutbildning i engelska. I läromedlet möter de studerande konkreta situationer som kommunikationen och språkproduktionen bygger vidare på. Grammatiken förklaras efter hand som nya konstruktioner presenteras i texterna. Of Course! är ett tydligt strukturerat läromedel som utgår ifrån den vuxenstuderandes verklighet. Of Course! 3 täcker Engelska, nationell delkurs 3. Materialet börjar i vardagen och tar upp bekanta ämnesområden som yrkesliv, familjeliv, fritidsintressen, och seder. Kapitlen utspelar sig bland annat i Nya Zeeland, Kanada, Skottland och Nigeria. I de olika kapitlen finns intressanta texter om gaming, musiker, äventyrssporter med mera. I det sista kapitlet förklaras fördelarna med att läsa tillsammans med några bokrekommendationer. Nedslagen runt om i världen blir en naturlig ingång till olika engelska accenter, som de studerande kan lyssna på i det digitala läromedlet. Det digitala läromedlet innehåller bland annat: • hela elevboken som inläst digital bok med textföljning • självrättande övningar till alla kapitel som tränar bland annat ordkunskap, hörförståelsen och grammatik • alla hörövningar Licensen som ingår i elevpaketet varar i tre år och kan ärvas mellan elever. Of Course! 3 finns även som digitalt läromedel med en licenstid på 12 månader: Elevlicens ISBN 978-91-44-13707-0 Klasslicens ISBN 978-91-44-13708-7
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