Birgitta Dalin Jeremy Hanson Kerstin Tuthill
2
2
Stepping Stone är ett läromedel i engelska för grundläggande vuxenutbildning.
STEPPING STONE
STEPPING STONE
Det består av tre delar som tillsammans täcker grundskolans kurs.
STEPPING STON E
Till Stepping Stone 2 finns Allt-i-ett-bok med övningar, test, facit, samt två cd-skivor med inlästa texter, hörövningar, uttalsövningar och inlästa gloslistor
•
Lärarhandledning med övningar, diagnostiskt prov och test samt cd-skiva med hörförståelseövningar, uttalsövningar och inlästa texter
•
Stepping Stone 2 webb med interaktiva innehålls- och ordövningar
Birgitta Dalin Jeremy Hanson Kerstin Tuthill
•
Birgitta Dalin Jeremy Hanson Kerstin Tuthill
2
Innehåll –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Unit 1
When I was a kid I ate whatever food there was. Food for thought.
7 24
It was a terrific football match. Are you a football fan?
27 40
How did you get on at school today? Schools in Britain and the United States (The US).
43 60
“In Dublin’s fair city, where the girls are so pretty…” Did you know…? – Some facts about Ireland.
63 75
I’m Welsh and I live not far from Cardiff. Welcome to Cymru for your next holiday!
79 92
That’s why we ended up in New Zealand. New Zealand in a nutshell.
95 108
My luggage hasn’t arrived. Places of interest in England and Scotland.
111 128
Hurricane Jimmy will hit Florida on Friday. Wildfires scorch acres of dry land in California. Floods kill thousands in China.
131 144 145
Would you like to come for tea? It’s impossible to find a day care centre.
147 160
The American Dream. A country of contrasts.
163 176
Are they really ghosts or simply student pranks? The mass media and cultural entertainment in Britain – some facts and figures.
179
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Unit 2
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Unit 3
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Unit 4
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Unit 5
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Unit 6
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Unit 7
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Unit 8
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Unit 9
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Unit 10
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Unit 11
196
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Test your English 1
(unit 1–3) 199
Test your English 2
(unit 4–6) 202
Test your English 3
(unit 7–9) 205
Test your English 4
(unit 10–11) 208
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Listen: Test 1–4 2 11 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Useful facts The English sounds 2 15 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– The English alphabet, Numbers, Months, Days 216 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Irregular verbs
218
Alphabetical English-Swedish word list
244
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Key 219 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 4
stepping stone
Unit 1 When I was a kid I ate whatever food there was In this unit you can learn how to
• talk about yourself and other people
• talk to people when you have a meal together
• talk about eating habits
When I was a kid I ate whatever food there was Sandra visits her old father once every week. He is 82 years old now but still looks after himself and lives alone in the house he bought 40 years ago. ‘‘I don’t want to move to an old people’s home. I can look after myself,” he says. Sandra Hello, Dad. How are you today? Dad Who is it? Oh, it’s you, Sandra. My eyes are worse nowadays,
and I can’t find my glasses. Anyway, it’s nice to see you. Sandra Can’t you find your glasses? They are on the table beside
your armchair. You always keep them there. Dad Oh, thank you. Now I can watch television again. But I don’t
really miss it as most of the programmes are awful. They were much better before, I think. Don’t you think so, too? Sandra I don’t know, really. I don’t have much time to watch TV.
Dad, why don’t you move to an old people’s home? They have a nice home near here where you can be much more comfortable. Dad Don’t take that up again! You know I don’t want to leave
this house after 40 years. I’m much better off here and I can still look after myself. Sandra You’re such a stubborn old man! Dad Enough of that. Sandra Dad, I have some ham for your supper tonight. Dad That’s kind of you. You know I like ham, it’s much better
than all that fast food people have these days like hamburgers, Chinese nosh and so on. Sandra But you must try different food, that’s what makes life more
interesting. Dad Well, I don’t know. When I was a kid I ate whatever food
there was, and I never complained. Sandra Please don’t start that again, Dad!
8
Unit 1 Dad I can remember how hungry I was as a kid after the First
World War. And life wasn’t easier during the Second World War either when I had a family to feed. We grew all our vegetables and fruit in the garden. Do you remember? Sandra Oh, yes! I can remember we had stewed rhubarb and custard
for dessert every day for three months just because there was rhubarb in the garden! The food we had was so boring. Give me Chinese food or hamburgers any day! But I can understand now why people had their ‘‘meat and two veg” followed by the same old ‘‘pudding” every Sunday. Dad Yes, life was quite tough after two world wars. I think it was
harder for me to bring up a family than it is today. Nowadays you can just go out and buy anything you want. Don’t forget to bring some chicken with you when you come next week! Sandra Dad, you’re only interested in the food I bring you. ‘‘The
best way to a man’s heart is through his stomach!” Dad But it’s nice when you come and visit me anyway.
9
Sunday dinner during the Second World War.
Word list kid 9H'A; slang ate 9BQ; (eat) whatever 9TuQ BS ; food there was people 9MF MI; meal 9JF I; habit 9 EX?'Q; eating habits father 9 C " ; once 9T§KP; look after himself 9E'J PBIC; alone 9 I 3K; bought 9?- Q; (buy) move 9JR S; old people’s home myself 9J>' PBIC; Dad eyes 9 >'W;
10
barn, unge åt vilken mat som än fanns folk, människor måltid vana matvanor far en gång ta hand om, passa sig (själv) ensam köpte flytta äldreboende mig själv pappa ögon
glasögon i alla fall sakna program fruktansvärd här där här Tjata inte om det igen. ha det bättre envis Nog om detta. kvällsmål Det var snällt av dig. snabbmat nu för tiden här som hamburgare mat, käk och så vidare pröva på annorlunda det är det som göra aldrig klaga krig första världskriget andra världskriget här heller hade familj mätta odlade rabarberkompott vaniljsås efterrätt i tre månader därför att när som helst kött och två grönsaker följt av efterrätt besvärlig, tuff hård, här tuff, jobbig försörja vad som helst glömma ta med sig, komma med hjärta mage
Unit 1
glasses 9 DI P'W; anyway 9 BKFTB'; miss programme 9 MO 3DOXJ; awful 9 - C3I; where Don’t take that up again. be better off stubborn 9 PQ§? K; Enough 9' K§C; of that. supper 9 P§M ; That’s kind of you. fast food 9 C PQ CR A; these days 9 "F W AB'W; like 9I>'H; hamburger 9 EXJ? D ; nosh 9Ku1; slang and so on try 9QO>'; different 9 A'CO KQ; that’s what make 9JB'H; never 9 KBS ; complain 9H J MIB'K; war 9T- ; the First World 9Ty IA; War the Second World War either 9 >'" ; had 9EXA; (have) family 9 CXJ IF; feed 9CF A; grew 9DOR ; (grow) stewed rhubarb 9 PQGR A OR ? ?; custard 9 H§PQ A; dessert 9A' Wy Q; for three months because 9?' HuW; any day meat and two veg 9SBA8; followed 9 CuI 3A; by pudding 9 M3A' ; tough 9Q§C; hard 9E A; bring up anything 9 BKF2' ; forget 9C DBQ; (forgot) bring (brought) heart 9E Q; stomach 9 PQ§J H;
11
Useful phrases Here are some phrases you can use when you have a meal.
Dinner is served./Dinner is ready. Do start./Please start! What would you like to drink with your meal? You can have wine, beer or soft drinks. Have some more potatoes/vegetables/chicken. May I have the salt, please?/Can you pass me the salt, please? Yes, here you are. Would you like some more?/Would you like another helping? Yes, please./No, thank you. I couldn’t eat another thing./I’m full up. Coffee anyone? Yes, please. Do you take milk or sugar?/Black or white? Black, please, and no sugar.
Look at the grammar The present tense (presens) Be (am, are, is)
I am (I’m) you are (you’re) he is (he’s) she is (she’s) it is (it’s)
we are (we’re) you are (you’re) they are (they’re)
I am Swedish. You are a stubborn old man. Dad is 82 years old. Helen is very beautiful. It is nice to see you. We are hungry. You are too young, boys. Many TV programmes are awful.
12
Have (got)/has (got) we have (we’ve got) you have (you’ve got) they have (they’ve got)
Unit 1
I have (I’ve got) you have (you’ve got) he has (he’s got) she has (she’s got) it has (it’s got)
Have används både i betydelsen ha och äta/dricka. När have betyder har används ofta formen have got/has got. I have got (har) a Volvo and my brother has got a Toyota. We have (äter) pizza for dinner once a week.
Start/starts (presens av huvudverb) I start (jag börjar) you start he starts she starts it starts
we start you start they start
I start work early. The film (it) starts at seven. We start school in August.
s He i
old. He
a dau has got
ghter.
He likes to watch TV.
D oe s he
He doe sn’t spe ak
live
French.
alon
e? 13
Verbet får ändelsen -s när subjektet är tredje person singular, dvs he, she, it och alla andra ord som kan ersätta dem, t.ex. John, the girl, the bike osv. 1. Om verbet i sin grundform slutar på ett tonlöst ljud uttalas -s som 9P;. She visits 9 S'W'QP; her father every week. 2. Om verbet i sin grundform slutar på tonande ljud uttalas -s som 9W;. He leaves 9IF SW; home at 8. 3. Verb som i grundform slutar på s- eller sje-ljud 9Q1 A8 1 8 P W; får ändelsen -es i tredje person singular. Den uttalas 9'W;. He watches 9 TuQ1'W; TV. She misses 9 J'P'W; her brother. 4. Verb som i grundformen slutar på konsonant + y får stavningen -ies i tredje person singular. She tries to help her old father. (try) 5. Do och go får ändelsen -es i tredje person singular. he goes he does she goes she does it goes it does Bill does his homework. His sister goes to school.
Don’t/doesn’t (att neka med not) I don’t start (jag börjar inte) you don’t start he doesn’t start she doesn’t start it doesn’t start
we don’t start (vi börjar inte) you don’t start they don’t start
Lägg märke till att huvudverbet, t.ex. start, behåller sin grundform. Det är endast don’t som ändras till doesn’t i tredje person singular. I don’t start work at 7. Susan doesn’t live here. It doesn’t rain in the Sahara. We don’t like you. The children don’t leave school until 4.
14
Do och does används i frågor tillsammans med huvudverb i infinitiv (grundform). Huvudverbet behåller grundformen efter do och does. Do you live here? Does Richard like fish? Does she work in London? Does the film start at 7.30? Do you and your wife speak Chinese? Do the boys play tennis on Saturdays?
Adjectives (komparation av adjektiv) Ord som young, old, easy, stubborn, interesting och beautiful är adjektiv (de talar om hur något är). Adjektiv har tre jämförelseformer – de kan kompareras. 1. Enstaviga adjektiv och tvåstaviga som slutar på -y kompareras med ändelserna -er och -est. positiv
komparativ
superlativ
old young easy
older younger easier
the oldest the youngest the easiest
David is young. (ung) Anne is younger than David. (yngre) Melissa is the youngest. (yngst) 2. Adjektiv, som har två eller fler stavelser, kompareras med more och the most. positiv
komparativ
superlativ
stubborn beautiful
more stubborn more beautiful
the most stubborn the most beautiful
Linda is beautiful. (vacker) She is more beautiful than her sister. (vackrare) I think San Fransisco is the most beautiful city in the USA. (den vackraste) 3. Oregelbundna är bl.a: positiv
komparativ
superlativ
good (bra) bad (dålig)
better (bättre) worse (sämre)
the best (bäst) the worst (sämst)
15
Unit 1
Questions with do/does
Stavningsregler: 1. Enstaviga adjektiv, som har en kort vokal och slutar på konsonant, fördubblar konsonanten före -er och -est. big (stor) bigger the biggest hotter the hottest hot (het)
2. Om adjektivet slutar på konsonant + y förändras y till i före -er och -est. easy (lätt) hungry (hungrig)
easier hungrier
the easiest the hungriest
Practise your English Check the text Answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
How old is Sandra’s father? Why doesn’t he want to move to an old people’s home? Sandra finds her father’s glasses. Where are they? What does Dad think about the TV programmes? Why does Sandra think it’s better for her father to move? Why does Sandra think it’s good to try different food? What does Dad say about life during the Second World War? Why does he think she and her generation are spoilt? Why does he like her to come and visit him?
Check how to say it A.
Which of the two s-sounds do you hear? Listen and mark with a cross in the right box. (Vilket s-ljud hör du? Lyssna och markera med kryss i rätt ruta.)
1. lives 2. keeps
[s] [z]
3. thinks 4. knows
[s] [z]
5. likes 6. finds
Now listen again and say after the CD.
16
[s] [z]
7. takes 8. wants
[s] [z]
Where’s the stress?
B.
(Var ligger betoningen?)
Unit 1
Lyssna och stryk under den betonade stavelsen i varje ord. programme because complain alone stubborn family awful different forget Vilka ord har betoningen på första stavelsen? … Vilka ord har betoningen på andra stavelsen? …
Words Which words are opposites (motsatser)?
A.
Example: old – young
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. B.
old worse boring hard alone awful forget never
a. together b. young c. always d. interesting e. remember f. easy g. better h. wonderful
Fill in the missing words. Choose from the words in the box.
move stubborn complain
glasses months almost
comfortable custard look after during different these days
My children always ... (1). They think I’m a ... (2) old man, because I don’t want to ... (3) to an old people’s home. But I’m ... (4) here. I ... (5) myself and I can have what I want for supper. I remember when I was young. Life was ... (6) then. ... (7) the war there wasn’t much food and we had stewed rhubarb and ... (8) every day for several ... (9) just because there was rhubarb in the garden. ... (10) young people can buy ... (11 ) anything they want. But we couldn’t. Well, I think I want to watch some television. It’s time for my favourite programme. Now, where are my ... (12)?
17
Grammar A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B.
Fill in am, are or is. I… Swedish. … you Swedish, too? John… a builder. His wife… a teacher. Molly and I… very good friends.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Lucy’s children… at school. It… cold today. You… early, boys. Dad, we… hungry. Sandra’s father… 82 years old.
Fill in have got or has got.
1. We… a red house. 2. Paul… a brother. 3. My sister… a green bike.
5. I… a Chinese friend. 6. She… a big family. 7. My husband and I…
interesting jobs. 4. Our friends… a nice garden. 8. You… a beautiful flat, Anne.
C.
Write out the short forms in full. (Skriv ut de sammandragna formerna.)
Let me tell you about my friend Jim McDonald. He’s a policeman in Bristol. He thinks he’s got an interesting job. He’s married to a lovely woman. Her name’s Ingrid and she’s from Sweden. They’ve got a house in Purdon Road. It’s a small house but they like it. They’ve also got a small garden where Jim grows his vegetables. He often gives me carrots and potatoes. That’s very kind of him, I think. I’m a vegetarian, you see.
D.
Fill in the right form of the verbs.
Mary ... (1. visit) her old father every day. He ... (2. live) alone and ... (3. miss) her when she can’t come. Mary and her husband ... (4. want) him to move to their house because he often ... (5. forget) things and he ... (6. go) out alone at night. ‘‘I ... (7. want) to stay here. I ... (8. like) my house,” he ... (9. say). Sandra ... (10. laugh) and ... (11. give) him a kiss. ‘‘You’re such a stubborn old man, but we ... (12. love) you anyway.”
18
E.
Don’t/doesn’t
Unit 1
Correct the sentence under the picture. Example:
Stephen and Barbara live in an old house. Stephen and Barbara don’t live in an old house. Eric speaks Spanish. Eric doesn’t speak Spanish.
1. Mary lives alone.
2. John and David like fish.
3. Sue works at a restaurant.
4. Ann and George grow all their vegetables. 19
6. Alan drives a Jaguar.
5. Paul understands Chinese.
7. Lucy plays the violin. 8. Yvonne lives in London. F.
Make questions. Choose words from each column. (Välj ord ur varje spalt.)
Example: Do you watch TV every day?
Do Does
you your children your wife your husband your best friend your English teacher
speak English? live near the school? drive to school? walk to work? like ďŹ sh? watch TV every day? wake up early on Mondays? play football? forget things? come home late on Fridays?
Now ask and answer your questions in pairs.
20
G.
Write the missing forms of the adjectives.
Unit 1
(Skriv de former av adjektiven som fattas.) Example:
old stubborn
older more stubborn
the oldest the most stubborn
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
young … … … good interesting … … easy …
… … more comfortable hungrier … … … worse … …
… the nicest … … … … the hardest … … the most boring
H.
Compare Bill, Ollie and Dick. Look at the picture and compare them. Write five sentences.
Example: Bill is younger than Dick. Ollie
Dick
Bill
1. young…
2. short…
3. strong…
4. old…
5. big ... 21
Communicate A. Work with a partner and ask each other the
following questions. Make notes of the answers.
1. What’s your name? 2. Where are you from? 3. Where do you live? 4. Are you married? 5. Have you got any children?
6. 7. 8. 9.
What’s your job? What are your hobbies? What languages do you speak? What do you like to do when you are free from school?
Now, introduce your partner to a small group. You can start like this: My partner’s name is…
B.
Roleplay (rollspel). At the dinner table.
Work in pairs. One of you is the host/hostess (värd/värdinna) and the other is the guest (gäst). With the help of the Useful phrases on page 12, make a dialogue. Host/hostess Say that dinner is ready.
Guest Say thank you and that you are very hungry.
Ask what your guest likes to drink. Say that there is wine and beer. Say that you would like wine. Ask if your guest would like some more potatoes or vegetables.
Give your guest the salt. Ask if your guest would like another helping.
22
Say that you would like some more vegetables. Ask for the salt.
Say that you couldn’t eat another thing.
Ask if your guest would like some coffee.
Say that you would.
Ask if your guest takes milk or sugar.
Say that you like black coffee with sugar.
Write
Unit 1
Write 5–10 sentences about an old person you know. Examples:
His/her name is… He/she lives…
Listen Listen to the cd and answer the questions.
1. When does Penny come to visit her mother? 2. What does Penny’s son like to do on Saturdays? 3. What can Penny’s mother remember about her daughter when she was the same age? 4. What does Penny bring for her mother? 5. Why does Mum say that young people don’t know how to cook nowadays?
Waiter: Customer: Waiter: Customer:
Coffee, madam? Yes, please. Black or white, madam? Do you have any other colours?
23
Birgitta Dalin Jeremy Hanson Kerstin Tuthill
2
2
Stepping Stone är ett läromedel i engelska för grundläggande vuxenutbildning.
STEPPING STONE
STEPPING STONE
Det består av tre delar som tillsammans täcker grundskolans kurs.
STEPPING STON E
Till Stepping Stone 2 finns Allt-i-ett-bok med övningar, test, facit, samt två cd-skivor med inlästa texter, hörövningar, uttalsövningar och inlästa gloslistor
•
Lärarhandledning med övningar, diagnostiskt prov och test samt cd-skiva med hörförståelseövningar, uttalsövningar och inlästa texter
•
Stepping Stone 2 webb med interaktiva innehålls- och ordövningar
Birgitta Dalin Jeremy Hanson Kerstin Tuthill
•
Birgitta Dalin Jeremy Hanson Kerstin Tuthill
2