The Beautiful Symbiosis: Real Estate IS Infrastructure

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS

Real Estate IS Infrastructure!

Philip Shores

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Architecture

Philip Daniel Shores Graduate Student Matthew Jull Instructor Matthew Slaats (Teacher Assistant)

Spring Semester | March 22, 2021 ARCH-7100 | Design Research Methods & Strategies

Master’s of Architecture | Graduate Thesis [ Draft ] University of Virginia | Architecture School

TABLE OF CONTENT*

I. INTRODUCTION [

SPRING

2021]

(p. 08-09) Thesis topic and conceptual question (p. 10-11) Idea Cloud Diagram (p. 12-15) Topic Definitions (p. 16-17) Thesis Schedule (p. 18-16) Thesis Outcome

II. PROCESS/ DEVELOPMENT (p. 22-23) Thesis Origin / Motivational Critic (p. 24-27) Real Estate Process / Design Phases

III. CASE STUDIES (p. 30-53) Undergraduate Thesis / Infrastructure and Reterritorialization (p. 54-69) ULI Competition 2021 / URBAND - Kansas City (p. 70-81) Elemental / Incremental Design - Quinta Monroy

IV. CONCLUSION (p. 84-85) Conclusion (p. 86-91) Bibliography

* All images contained in this document, except when the

source is indicated, are from the author.

I. INTRODUCTION The definition

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

What is this hybrid?

Architecture and Real Estate IS the new-old Infrastructure to the city

THESIS TOPIC Throughout my studies in architecture and urbanism, I always saw there was something missing in architectural proposals. I always understood a distance or disconnection to reality when the design scope did not address the market as an equally important factor. I see a gap between what I envision and what is costeffective and economically viable in practice. In my experience, designers are taught to be more concerned with form, regarding the aesthetics of the design and the architect’s signature, rather than conceptualizing a design with an economic perspective.

I strongly believe there is a missing piece of the puzzle in my architecture practice should be embodied: the market. As an architect, I visualize the contemporary world’s pressing urges for a healthier relationship between developments and the natural environment. I understand this calling as demand for innovative design methods and approaches that confront the rapid and constant shift of society, technology, and climate, especially on implementing environmentally sustain¬able developments.

I firmly believe that architecture and the market can build a more prosperous future together, and I see the need to bridge both fields in a beautiful symbiosis.

8

THESIS QUESTIONS My research is the initial phase of my final project regarding my Master’s Graduation Thesis, that will be concluded on Spring 2022. My research is a consequence of a critical question that I started making throughout my studies in my Professional Degree in Architecture and Urbanism.

Because of that, I constantly felt a certain distance or disconnection to reality when the design scope did not acknowledge Real Estate within its process, as past and future scope of that design. Also, I never had to analyze the market as an important factor, equal to social and cultural factor.

I always felt that something was missing in the Design proposals, especially during the process. During some past internships and professional proposals, I could see that there was a step before the architectural scope that was even more important to be understood: the system of Real Estate.

Now, during my Master’s Degree studies I have a key focus on Real Estate and Urban Design; I see bigger gap between architecture practice and the possibilities designing with a larger economic perspective, understood in Real Estate field.

Questions What Defines Infrastructure?

Questions What does it mean REAL ESTATE? Questions Why is so relevant to know Real Estate in architecture?

Questions How can market analysis impacts/ shape a design from the start?

Questions Why Real Estate is important to Urban Design?

Questions Why do we “neglect” the financial perspective in the equation when designing?

Questions Why urban analysis and no Market analysis?

Questions Can Real Estate be consider a new type of Infrastructure in architecture practice?

Answer: Understanding that real estate is a new Infrastructural mode of Architecture.

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

Real Estate Infrastructure Architecture Philip Shores | Assignment #3: Idea Cloud Throughout my studies in architecture and urbanism, I always felt that something was missing in my proposals. I always saw a distance or disconnection to reality when the design scope did not address the market as an equally important factor. I see a gap between what I envision and what is cost-effective and economically viable in practice. In my experience, designers are taught to be more concerned with form, regarding the aesthetics of the design and the architect’s signature, rather than conceptualizing a design with an economic perspective. I strongly believe a missing piece of the puzzle in my architecture practice should be imbodied: the market. As an architect, I visualize the contemporary world’s pressing urges for a healthier relationship between developments and the natural environment. I understand this calling as demand for innovative design methods and approaches that confront the rapid and constant shift of society, technology, and climate, especially on implementing environmentally sustainable developments. I firmly believe that architecture and the market can build a more prosperous future together, and I see the need to bridge both fields in a beautiful symbiosis.

Thesis

Real Estate

Architecture

Urban Design

Market Finance

Development

Infrastructure

New Model

Design Proposal

Place Making

Understandting Real Estate Procress Real Estate Developments | Flow Chart Diagram Concept/ Idea

Land Purchase

10

Market Analysis

Assignment #3: Strategy 1_ Diagram a structure of the entire process of Real Estate Developments. (Flow Chart) 3_Investigate the network of relationships that build our environments, focusing on Real Estate, Urban Design, and Architecture. How can Architecture combined with Real Estate become a new Infrastructure model for cities and create healthier communities?

2_Map: Build a profound analysis of case studies that failed and were successful, how the Real Estate model works and how Architecture/ Design can influence both the urban condition and its profitability.

4_Develop Design a proposal with a new model accommodated by both architecture fields and used by Real Estate developers.

Diagram #1: Thesis Idea

Diagram #2: Network Built Environment

Real Estate

Developments Real Estate Economy

Community

Infastrucure

Architecture Urban Design

Market

Thesis

Opportunities

Place Making

Opportunities

SocIety Urban Design

Infrastructure

Architecture

Housing Open Spaces

Proforma/ Design

Construction To be continued..

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Lease/ Rent

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

12

DEFINITIONS | REAL ESTATE What Is Real Estate?

“Real estate is the land along with any permanent improvements attached to the land, whether natural or man-made—including water, trees, minerals, buildings, homes, fences, and bridges. Real estate is a form of real property. It differs from personal property, which are things not permanently attached to the land, such as vehicles, boats, jewelry, furniture, and farm equipment.”

Real Estate, has a gigantic scope, but the DEVELOPMENT area speaks the same language that architecture: it starts with an idea, then a concept that needs to analyses urban conditions and discuss with communities, agree with Zoning codes, Aesthetic; is basically ARCHITECTURE discussion but factored with numbers, profitability, with an economic scope, that architecture practice normally ignores or just factors out from the design process.

“Real estate is a class of “real property” that includes land and anything permanently attached to it, whether natural or man-made.”

Because Real Estate development process deals with LAND, Building development, Urban Planning everything that touches architecture practice in whole, I believe Real Estate IS Architecture practice but it deals more fundamentally with the resources that in our modern world, it provides CAPITAL for the projects and the whole bureaucracy to happens. Because of that, REAL ESTATE can be considered INFRASTRUCTURE in multiple levels: It allocates capital = resources, is also provide LAND, and most importantly, has the capacity of being considered INFRASTRUCTURE in a theoretical view of architecture.

“There are five main categories of real estate: residential, commercial, industrial, raw land, and special use.”

Quoted from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/ realestate.asp

Because there are many categories: Urban Infrastructure; Landscape Infrastructure; Architecture as Infrastructure; Engineering Infrastructure; Why Real Estate would not be considered Architecture practice by our field?

13

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

14

DEFINITIONS | INFRASTRUCTURE What Is Infrastructure

[Quoted from

This article from Stan Allen is very influential for me because is shows the relationship between architecture and infrastructure. During my studies in architecture and urbanism, I learned concept of Infrastructure and ever since reshaped my perception of how architecture is operated.

This approach changed my perspective over architecture and opened a new design thinking that believes that architecture is more than a building.

“(...)Architecture has an advantage because it actually has the ability to transform reality.

Infrastructural Urbanism allows architecture to act as a practice that deals with material, not only meaning and image. It allows the architect to look at the big picture of what they’re creating.

Infrastructural issues such as territory, speed and communication are the main responsibility of the architect. Architecture can transform society artistically, something that engineering can’t do.

What I believe is more relevant for the discussion is that Stan Allen describes and explains how in the modernist period the dour role as architects we where responsible for the architecture and technical functions, they served a single purpose rather than two separate act or two separate entities. According to Allen, in current “postmodern” era architecture is a mere symbol.

The seven propositions presented by Stan Allen are: 1) Infrastructure prepares land for future changes.

2) Infrastructure changes with the changes that happen in society, constantly adjusting.

3) Infrastructure is a collaborative art where many people and ideas can contribute.

The main argument of Allan is that infrastructure architecture is the type of architecture that “works in and among the world of things, and not exclusively with meaning and image”. Stan ultimately believes that infrastructure is the groundwork or foundation to every city and also determines the path in which aesthetic, symbolic architecture takes. He concludes his paper by stating seven propositions concerning the positive effects of good infrastructure and it’s results: efficiency, social interactions, and culture of city.

4) Infrastructure is to maintain regularity and continuity.

5) Infrastructure organizes the complex systems of emptiness as well as occupied space.

6) Infrastructure organizes the flow of energy and density in a community.

7) Infrastructural Urbanism is more functional than looks.”

I see Real Estate development and Architecture in these propositions.

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

7100 | Assingment A4 | Philip Shores Design Reseach: Methods and Strategies

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A5 Grant Writing

A4 DiagramResearch

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Phase 1 Groundwork

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Summer Break Phase 4.1 REVIEW MATERIAL

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Phase 4.2 SEARCH LOCATION

Phase 4.3 SITE INVESTIGATION

Phase 5 CONCEPTUAL D

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Final Presentation!

Graduation!!!

Part 2 Introduction

Part 1 Cover Table of Content

MOCK-UP !

Draft Representation!

Drawings & Sections

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Design Proposal Form

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Phase 5.2 DESIGN PROPOSAL

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Phase 6.1 DEVELOPMENT ++

Conclusion 2022 | Spring Semester Phase 7 DETAILING

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Phase 7.1 REPRESENTATION

Phase 7.2 FINAL PRESENTATION

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

Manhattan View from Airplane window.

New YOrk as the strongest Real Estate Market and City contemplation there is.

Sourcehttps://www.callejeros.travel/las-series-que-te-haran-viajar-a-nueva-york-esta-cuarentena/ 18

THESIS OUTCOME The outcome of this will be a printed publication of the of the first phase of thesis: this research.

The initial goal of my research is focused on learning and understanding the existing process of Real Estate and examples of outstanding designs, on built and strong communities and also relating to the unsuccessful proposals. The research need to have a deep dive into books, publications and articles but I also believe it is crucial to have interviews with developer firms and top influential architects that have a very close proximity to the reality of designing with developers. This way I would be investigating the perspective of both agents of my narrative.

Real Estate Paths https://www.plantemoran.com/explore-our-thinking/insight/2020/ plante-moran-reia/role-of-a-real-estate-development-consultant

Healthy Community Image https://www.specialolympics.org/stories/impact/healthy-communitiesv

The Matrix of Greed https://realtybiznews.com/study-points-to-hotel-office-sectors-as-bestbets-for-commercial-real-estate-investment/98744829/

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II. RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

“Botafogo” neighborhood: one of the densest due to the a development boom in the 70’s there are many urban quality issues across this zone. This is the result of irresponsible Real Estate engines and poor design quality, focused on inexpensive construction and maximum of profitability.

Photo: Brenno Carvalho Source:https://diariodorio.com/mercado-imobiliario-tem-recuperacao-rapida-e-previsao-de-crescimentopara-2020/

Repetition of a poor architectural buildings, lack of style, lack quality Design. = Real Estate vs. Architecture Source: https://www.metropoles.com/ponto-de-vista/saiba-como-sera-o-mercado-imobiliario-do-brasil-no-pospandemia

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MOTIVATIONAL CRITIC As a Brazilian, born in Rio de Janeiro and with an Architect’s consciousness, I have a strong point of view over how Brazil’s cities are built and developed. One of the key reasons lies on how Real estate developments, influenced by speculative market forces, played negative role and have strongly impacted the built environment of Rio and many other cities.

This role displacement and speculative trend created an antagonism - a controversial relation between the built environment and the natural landscape, where designs do not correspond to Brazil’s iconic natural context and, more importantly, its climate.

From the 60’s to the 90’s, due to urban expansion, many Brazilian cities where built under the pressing political and economic forces that manipulated urban parameters to maximize profit over quality. This practice resulted in a mass production of poor-generic “architectural” buildings, designed mainly by engineers instead of architects.

Nowadays, the neglection of architecture and the bad practice of Rea Estate that only envisions practice is commonly seen in many Brazilian cities, specifically in Rio de Janeiro, that left a deep scare over the city-built environment, specially to Rio de Janeiro School of Architecture called “Carioca School of Design” movement lost its strength and traces through time.

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

REAL ESTATE PROCESS Real Estate Process is a extremely Important element not only to the development itself but also for the design and calculation that will impact directly into the natural and built environment and the communities that live close and or will live there. With the diagram below we can understand how the scope of a development starts to plan when, where, and how to shape real estate projects that will be built in a communities area.

“This is especially important for building bridges between stakeholder groups who frequently participate in land use planning, and those whose interests are least often represented during real estate negotiations and concept development. More collaboration on the part of local stakeholders means a community can seize the occasion of real estate development as an opportunity to advocate for strategies that are likely to advance equitable development outcomes such as increased access to high quality affordable housing, community benefit agreements, job training and placement linkages for local residents, job creation, local source hiring agreements, and more.”

Quote from Ground Work USA webpage Source: https://groundworkusa.org/development/

Albemarle

County

Planning Department | “How does Real estate development Source: Lecture from PLAN-5200 Real Estate Class Screenshot 24

Works?

Albemarle County Planning Department | “Real estate development procedures” Source: Lecture from PLAN-5200 Real Estate Class Screenshot

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

QUESTION MARK How could this fact not be understood as a definition of Infrastructure?

Real Estates reads the market, manages the financial aspect before projects are built. How would our practice broaden the spectrum if this field was incorporated in Architecture the same way we do with other disciplines, like social, cultural, urban factors? How would the scale of influence change? In addition, Real Estate sometimes REQUIRES to build Infrastructure on their development phasing as part of their partnerships with local governments, etc.

It is already developing the most fundamental aspect of opportunities by providing civil engineering infrastructures, but imagine embracing the full concept of Infrastructure, understood in the practice of Landscape, Urban and Architectural Infrastructure.

Wouldn’t that be something fascinating?

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HOW ARCHITECTURE SHOULD PLAY IT

HOW REAL ESTATE WORKS

Developer

Architecture [Architects Practice]

Real estate development process Diagram 2 Source: https://www.plantemoran.com/explore-our-thinking/insight/2020/plante-moran-reia/role-of-a-real-estatedevelopment-consultant

Real estate development Timeline Diagram Source: 5200 Real Estate Project: Asish Rao; Philip Shores; Cameron Thompson; Samuel Maguire 27

III. CASE STUDY

UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

2014

INFRASTRUCTURE AND RETERRITORIALIZATION Porto Alegre North District - Harbor Zone | Rio Grande do Sul

0. Motivation The place chosen for this thesis originated from a personal awareness trigged by a visit made over the neighborhoods in the northern area of Porto Alegre, called 4th District. Due to the deteriorated status quo, curiosity turned into a riddle.

By analyzing the cultural and historic aspects of Porto Alegre, it was noticed that urban infrastructures located in the region - a extensive harbor coastline, flood protection system (dike + wall) with a railway and a freeway in addition to it - inflicted a brutal shear on intrinsic relation of the city with its waterfronts. This disruption, deeply impacted social and economic dynamics, that resulted in the current situation of degradation and abandonment of the 4th District. Many other factors contributed to the region downfall, but the main damage is done by the local authorities lack of planning over the implementation of these urban infrastructures, especially that reflects directly on the segregation of the population from their historic and cultural waterfront – Rio Guaíba.

1. Theme The main focus of this graduation thesis is about Architecture as Infrastructure and the revitalization of Harbourfronts. The proposal discusses how poor decisions by the lack of planning of local authorities and the lost role of Architects as key agents on designing, thinking and development the city, can result in major negative impacts over the built environment quality and status quo. Due to the poor design-thinking and implementation of urban infrastructures in most of Porto Alegre borders, especially in the north zone, a segregation force inflicted in the cultural and historic relation of the city with its natural landscape, resulted in a socioeconomic crisis.

The consequences provoked by these measures, will be addressed by the proposal’s decision to operate over the dam infrastructure (Dike) by designing a large scale architecture as infrastructure: a complex system that will provide access to the waterfront and, with the ability to irrigate the territory with potential and programmatic diversity, revitalizing region.

Metropolitan area

Hydrography

North Zone 4o district Historic Center

Porto Alegre Lagoa dos Patos

State of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil

Porto Alegre

Project site

Image photographed by Philip Shores

TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS Hydrographic Structure | routes and harbors

Delta Jacuí | hydrographic conjunction

Porto Estrela

Taquarí river

Caí river

Porto Alegre

Jacuí river

Lagoa dos Patos

Gravataí river Parque Delta Jacuí

4 district

Pelotas

Historic center Rio Grande

Atlantic Ocean

N

Guaíba river

Flood History | Guaíba’s water level data comparison from 1899 to 2015

Meters

5 4,5 4

1974 Dike construction 1911 Harbor Construction | First part of Mauá dock

1960-70 4o distrito summit 1962 Harbor was concluded

3,5 3 2,5

floods

2

natural variation

1,5 1 0,5

1899 1901 1903 1905 1907 1909 1911 1913 1915 1917 1919 1921 1923 1925 1927 1929 1931 1933 1935 1937 1939 1941 1943 1945 1947 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

0

years

Author | Valéria Borges Vaz

Fonte: Elaborado pela autora.

Conceptual Section | Architecture as a system; as infraestruture

2. CONTRADICTIONS

NARRATIVE

The Guaíba River is a large sediment basin of the Jacuí

Defensive Infrastructure | Dike x Floods Railway trensurb

Delta, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Due to Porto Alegre privileged location between the Atlantic Ocean and inland waterways, the City rapidly became

Freeway + dike

the richest and largest shipping center in the region.

In addition to the shipping activity, the textile industry Flooded area

simultaneously promoted and developed the city’s expansion to north zone - the 4th District. In its golden age, the region was seen as second city due to its

Floodgates

dense-multinational population, cultural diversity and

Mauá wall

economic strength. This condition was possible, mainly because of the area’s morphology: an extensive and flat territory adjacent to the waterfront. However, in contrast to the glorious past, the current situation of the northern region is market by abandonment and degradation, very noticeable when compared to other parts of center like the southern zone where there is an extensive public coastline

External dike

and equipment along its border and its urban fabric.

Shoreline | City border relationship with waterfront

3. EVIDENCE Historically, the city of Porto Alegre suffers from natural floods because of the rise of guaíba’s water level. The strongest and tragic flood in 1941, with a highest mark

Urban barriers Freeway + dike harbor zone

of 4.85 meters, displaced 70,000 people and caused heavy damage to the city. Due to another flood in 1967, three years later, local authorities implemented a flood protection infrastructure: a 24 km barrier that surrounds much of the city, consisting of a concrete wall in the

Pier Mauá revitalization

center and artificial dike in the north and south. In addition to the dike infrastructure in the northern zone, other mobility infrastructures overlaps - a freeway (av.

Legalidade e democracia) with the railway (Transurb) –

Orla do Guaíba revitalization

ticking the section line of this urban barrier. This system has caused a brutal shear effect between the city and its notorious landscape and trigged a socioeconomic crisis over the region.

4. OPPORTUNITIES From the conflict between infrastructure, city and landscape, an opportunity emerges as key point of the issue: reclaim the north zone margins and reconnect the local community with Rio Guaíba. Given this premise, with the idea to introduce a new artifact - a mega architecture as infrastructure - a system designed to bridge the city with its natural landscape, that allows new opportunities and overlap layers for the city. This Infrastructure acts over the urban barriers, as inter-modal hub and a social condenser, incorporating preexisting modals and local socioeconomic, historic, cultural activities. An infrastructure designed to fertilize the territory and promote densification, programmatic diversity and, more importantly new access to the waterfront, in order to reactivate, re-qualify and revitalize the district once again to its former glory.

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

In 1941, the waters of Lake Guaíba reached a record level of 4.75 meters due to heavy rains, completely flooding various areas of the city, such as the city center and the entire 4th District, displacing 70 thousand people (corresponding to 1/4 of the population at the time) and causing major damage to public assets and more than 600 companies, including large factories.

image 1: File from news paper “Jornal Zero Hora” image 2: unknown Author image 3:Author: Siovig image 4: Photographic Archive MCHJC image 5: unknown Author image 6: unknown Author

34

Porto Alegre continued to suffer from the natural flooding process until the last great flood in 1967, which reached 3.18 meters, and the 4th District started to be perceived as an unstable and unsafe place. As a result, the population with the highest purchasing power began to migrate to the elevated areas of the city, initiating an economic exodus. The factories also started to look for greater security, for larger lots, and for closer proximity to the logistics centers of regions like São Leopoldo and Nova Hamburgo, leaving the 4th District behind.

“Das Venezia” Both images with unknown Authors

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

North Dike

water gate

Train line

1

Mauá Wall

2

Flood Area

3

South Dike

4 The construction of the infrastructural line [flood protection] modified completely the relations between the City’s status quo, the culture and the population’s perspective with Guaíba river.

The dike was installed under mobility infrastructures: the Transurb railway line connecting the POA center to cities in the far north) and four large avenues that border the city from North to the SOUTH and together form a protection belt. Its extension starts at Av. Diário de Notícias in the south end of the city, goes through Edvaldo Pereira Paiva until it reaches the C.C of Usina do Gasômetro, being interrupted.

It picks up again in front of the Bus Station from the Freeway - Av. Democracia e Legality extending kilometers after the Arena do Grêmio stadium, along Estrada Marechal Osório, in the north of the city. Between the North and South dykes is the Wall Mauá, 3 meters high, in the heart of the downtown area, in front of the Mauá pier.

36

Guaíba?

imagem: 4th District Main Avanue. Continuous Barrier: Infrastructural Overlay Dike, Freeway e Train line

Guaíba?

Image: City Center Mauá Wall and the port structures block the horizon. Where’s shores? The Guaíba River?

Guaíba!

Image: Iberê Camargo, a contemplative space on Lake Guaíba. Andre Feltes’s picture)

Guaíba!

Image: “Praia de Ipanema” in the South Zon. Guaíba Beach (image by unknown author) 37

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

URBAN NOSTALGIA | THE HIGH SEASON OF THE NORTH The 4th District was one of the main economic centers and development in Porto Alegre. In the 19th century, it became a major industrial pole of great socio-cultural and economic diversity in the region due to the arrival of immigrant workers and its natural proximity to navigational waters for transportation. Its rich industrial hybridization of warehouses, factories, residences and retail stores, was concentrated in greater volume in the neighborhoods in the north, in the 4th District. It was recognized as a “city-within-a-neighborhood”, and was the main 4th District high level of Urbanity. Author: Allen Morrison destination for residents of Porto Alegre city and other municipalities in the Metropolitan region.

There you could find all sorts of products and services, a true boosting the development. Its socioeconomic peak occurred between the late 1960s and early 1970s, when large industries and factories such as Rener, Neugebauer, Coca-Cola, Rossi Fiateci, Brahma and Moinhos Guaíba, settled in of the neighborhood.

However, despite the privilege of the geographic and morphological characteristics of the city, the natural processes of variation in the water level of Guaíba made Factories and inumerous areas vulnerable to floods and, thus, the dynamics of the city and the waters of Guaíba caused much insecurity and instability for these big factories that made many people leave the region.

Band Parade | Unknown Author

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URBAN NEGLECTION AND LACK OF INVESTMENT How could this scenario be resolved?

I firmly believe that architecture and Real Estate needs to be bridged together, as they form a beautiful symbiosis that allows Architecture build an even more prosperous future, wish stronger proposals, more feasible.

Architecture ALONE would NOT be able to make all the necessary changes that the area desperately needs. Therefore Real Estate and Urban Planning though the agency of Architecture practice, this area could and should be revitalized due to it’s up most potential that it had in the 60’s and still have but is left dormant.

This case study is a perfect example of opportunity of creating this hybrid architecture that is a building, infrastructure and model based in Real Estate Finance

Poverty in Porto Alegre Brazil street at the north part of the city Called 4th District.

Lack of Urban Planning and Investment gives way the lack of perspective.

Authors Photography 39

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

HARBOR ACTIVITY VS 4TH DISTRICT

In contrast to the other regions of the city, the North zone has no relation to its waterfront. Due to two large urban infrastructures, its territory is completely segregated from its banks, being physically and culturally deterritorialized.

Freeway DIKE

Freeway + Train line Dike | Flood Protection System

Av. Voluntários da Pátria

40

Harbo Av

or internal Street v Mauá

Proposta Recorte de Estudo e Suas Characteristics

Landscape Guaiba River

Harbor Cais Navegantes

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ANALYSIS 0. Inaccessibility to the cultural and historical waterfront (Rio-Guáiba).

1. Urban barriers: industrial warehouses, port, dike, railway and freeway.

2. Lack of Infrastructure: public equipments and open spaces.

3. Territory with lost identity: social desertion and urban degradation.

Present scenario | Generic city | Main barriers Barriers

Context 4th district Industrial + eclectic buildings

Avenida Voluntários da pátria

Abandoned Industrial Warehouse

Infrastructural barriers [freeway + dike + railway]

Abandoned Harbor Warehouses

Rua Mauá

Harbor Warehouses

Harbor docks

Rio Guáiba natural landscape

PROPOSITION 0. Articulate infrastructure, city and landscape.

1. Compaction of harbor practice and open passages between city and waterfront.

2. Provide access to the waterfront and new quality-public-open-spaces.

3. Create new socioeconomic opportunities and potentially establish strong and a sustainable urban zone.

Ground Phase | Building Bridges | Introduction of a Architecture as Infrastructure

Context 4th district Industrial + eclectic buildings

Avenida Voluntários da pátria

Densification - phase 1 Design proposal

Infrastructural barriers [freeway + dike + railway]

Densification - phase 1 Design proposal

new open space Waterfront border

Ferry Station

Rio Guáiba [Natural landscape]

Ferry Station

Rio Guáiba [Natural landscape]

OPPORTUNITIES 0. Mobility Infrastructures; Large scale-urban equipments that connect the city.

1. Urban context adjacent to the natural waterfront: high possibility of bridging 2. Existing Masterplan: association with proposals envisioned to the region.

3. New Urban Parameters: explore new regulations and special densification zones.

High-rise Phase | potential urban densification | addition of skyscrapers

Context 4th district Industrial + eclectic buildings

Avenida Voluntários da pátria

Densification - phase 1 Design proposal

Infrastructural barriers [freeway + dike + railway]

Densification - phase 1 Design proposal

new open space waterfront border

NEW LAYERS | Introduction of infrastructure as architecture Project site | characterization

Program | hybrid - complex multi-use

Iconic architecture

Ventilation | modular-fixed open spaces

Circulation | transversal and longitudinal main axes 12.50 m 6.25 m

1

Harbor warehouse

2

harbor private area

3

historic landmarks

4

deactivated warehouses abandoned areas

5

São Pedro railway station

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crossing points Metallic dike floodgates

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sand extraction shed

Access | vertical circulation - infrastructure cores

Densification zone | firescape radius 62.50m

3

3

3 4 5

4

2

4 1

4 4 6

7

Densification Proposal | New urban landscape Design Proposal Local surrounding of 4o district

Site | present situation and context

Locus | reactivating and extending urban axis

Access | vertical circulation and infrastructural cores

Connection | multimodal: automobile, railway + ferry

Circulation | public

Circulation | private

Program | entertainment

social services

Program | residential

Metric | spacial grid 6,25/ 6,25/ 3.125 m

Densification | firescape regulation; radius 62,50m

Circulation | transversal and longitudinal main axis

Ventilation | modular-fixed open spaces 25 x 25m

Program | stores and services

Program | office, workshop and creative industry

Program | hotel

Program | hybrid

OCCUPATION AND DENSIFICATION STRATEGIES

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

MASTERPLAN UFRG - NUT MASTERPLAN FOR STUDY AREA [ 4TH DISTRICT] OBJECTIVE 1 | Take advantage of the region’s infrastructure and logistical potential to establish clusters.

In 2016, a strategy plan was initiated in search of guidelines for the urban recovery of the great area of 4th District.

RequestedOBJETIVO by the1 Porto Alegre City Hall in REVERTER O PROCESSO DE collaboration with the Federal University of DEGRADAÇÃO DO 4º OPORTUNIZANDO Rio Grande doDISTRITO, SUL (UFRGS) the Masterplan INVESTIMENTOS ECONOMICOS E SOCIAIS project main objective is to revitalize the region Aproveitar e potencial measures logístico da economically anda infraestrutura socially. These região, através do estabelecimento de clusters de focus to negócios. establish attractiveness through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) - partnerships Promover a gestão participativa no desenvolvimento do between public private agents in search território eand a qualificação do sistema de planejamento of financing and maintenance for (new) infrastructural works and public and cultural ESTRATÉGIAS facilities. • Estabelecimento de Clusters baseado no modelo da

TRIPLICE HÉLICE

HÉLICE QUÁDRUPLA

hélice quádrupla;

Based on •the territorial understanding, Aproveitar e qualificar infraestruturas urbanaswith all its particularities and opportunities, the study disponíveis; emphasized high nadensity, • Criarsocial mecanismosdiversity, para atrair investimento área; • Promovermultiple Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP); social housing, uses, recovery and • Criação Grupo Gestor integrado heritage. por membros enhancement of dethe architectural do governo e da sociedade; • Implantar sistema de monitoramento e controle do território; • Criar estrutura executiva para implantação Masterplan.

OBJECTIVE 2 | Encourage new uses for historic buildings, promoting the preservation and enhancement of historic heritage through OBJETIVO 2 urban andVALORIZAR fiscal incentives; PRESERVAR, E QUALIFICAR O PATRIMÔNIO CONSTRUÍDO

Caracterizar a presença do patrimônio histórico e cultural como elemento de valorização do 4º Distrito através da ESTRATÉGIAS • Incentivar novos usos para as edificações históricas; • Promover a preservação e valorização do patrimônio histórico através de incentivos urbanísticos e fiscais; • Desenvolver Projetos para a manutenção e qualificação da ambiência urbana. recuperar edificações e espaços urbanos

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All Images are from The Federal University Rio Grande do Sul Nucleus of Urban Technology in Porto Alegre - RG Brazil Masterplan proposal for the 4th District Area by the Architecture School

OBJECTIVE 3 | Stimulate density mixed-used buildings allowing qualification of urban space, quality street scape and walk-ability.

à

a

OBJECTIVE 4 | Promote densification and services that are close to public transport systems and Integrate different modes of transport [shown bellow].

ÕES DE

s;

s

público e

ES DE

rviços ao úblico e

OBJECTIVE 5 | Encourage inclusive housing production

avés de

aúde e viços ao

vés de

úde e

OBJETIVO 6 INCENTIVAR A PRODUÇÃO HABITACIONAL INCLUSIVA Atrair investimento da indústria imobiliária na produção de moradia, tendo como atrativos a oferta de infraestrutura, de serviços e acessibilidade do 4º Distrito.

ESTRATÉGIAS

• Incentivar a produção de HIS através de incentivos urbanísticos e fiscais; • Tornar o 4º distrito competitivo para a indústria imobiliária em relação a outras áreas da cidade; • Ampliar a oferta de equipamentos de saúde e de

educação infantil e fundamental; • Diversificar os padrões construtivos de HIS; • Evitar a segregação espacial entre diferentes

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

DE CRITICAL VIEW On my understanding, great flaw of this masterplan is for not considering the lack of communication between the mainland and its margin as the most important Problem.

The desire to rebuild an entire territory, which is suffocated and cloistered between urban barriers (Harbor, Dique-freeway and Train, has great chances of failing. Currently, these urban barriers prevent the 4th District community from connecting to healthy areas of the city and more importantly with its symbolic landscape - The Guaíba River.

MASTERPLAN nucleo tecnologico urbano

| UFGRS

Masterplan of interventions and proposals designed by the Urban Technology Center (NTU / UFRGS) in conjunction with the municipal urban planning secretariat (SMURB) to revitalize and density 4D.

MAIN CRITICS: failure to understand the territory greatest vulnerability: the disconnection with its natural margin/ Landscape.

desenhos de autoria do laboratório ntu

NUT - Masterplan with proposed interventions and designs across the territory.

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Situação Atual Área do Quarteirão = 7.649,00m² Área Construída = 8.000,00m² IA utilizado = 1,04 (AD+NAD)

URBAN DENSITY

Estado atual das simulações

Área a ser simulada

Situação Analisada Área do Quarteirão = 7.649,00m² Área Construída = 50.000,00m² IA utilizado = 6,50 (AD+NAD)

SC + Incentivos IA Básico

Área simulada segundo o método da escultura

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

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CASE STUDY CONCLUSION Outcome of this thesis would be a perfect opportunity to show the potential of the fuse architecture with real estate to ensure that this infrastructural architecture would be feasible and would be an anchor element that would positively impact and benefit the area.

My thesis design was purely provocative, but I do not know how this design, in its up most scale and potential, could be built and how much revenues would bring to the people with the number of Housing, office spaces, commercial areas and cultural and open spaces.

This project would DEFINITELY have benefited if Architecture had this mind set or had this topic approached in our schools as PART of the design process. This design needed to have part of its deliverables, Real Estate Proformas, identifying means of resources like Governments Bonds as financial strategies to be able to capture the necessary capital to revitalize the area in different phrasings. It is a holistic building that is very similar to ULI and scale.

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

ULI HIN

STUDENT DESIGN COM

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NES

MPETITION 2021

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS [University of Virginia] academic advisors

Mona E. Khafif (Academic Advisor)

Ian Klein (Academic Advisor)

Dr. Assoc. Professor Director Urban Design Certificate School of Architecture, University of Virginia

Lecturer, Urban + Environmental Planning, Interim Director, Real Estate Certificate Program, University of Virginia

[University of Virginia] University Support

[External Consultants] Professional advisors:

Ila Berman DDes, Dean of the School of Architecture, and Edward E. Elson Professor, University of Virginia

David P. Howerton (Professional Advisor) Chairman, HART HOWERTO

Derek Hoeferlin (Professional Advisor)

Ellen Bassett Professor and Chair, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Virginia

Associate Professor, Chair, Landscape Architecture & Urban Design, SAM Fox School, Washington University in St. Louis

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ULI 2021 TEAM MEMBERS [University of Virginia] Landscape School Priyanka Parachoor

[University of Virginia] Darden School Chris Moore

Master of Landscape Architecture 2021

Darden School of Business - MBA 2021 Real Estate Club President

[University of Virginia] Architecture School Philip Shores

Harshita Batra

M.Architecture [2022] + Urban Design Certificate + Real Estate Certificate

Master

of

Architecture 2021 + preservation certificate Veena Shah

Master of Architecture 2021 + Urban Design Certificate

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Historic

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

ULI COMPETITION NARRATIVE As a part of the competition challenge, we were asked to devise a comprehensive design within a span of 15 days that would specifically address the future of transportation and challenge the current assumptions about parking for this year’s Host city, Kansas City, Missouri.

SITE EXTENT Source: ULI

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East Village is situated within the city’s central business district (CBD), defined by the Downtown Loop of highways. To transform the site into a sustainable and resilient mixeduse neighborhood, as a master developer for the project, the team was to provide a catalytic vision that would positively uplift the local and regional economic development of downtown Kansas City.

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

DESIGN NARRATIVE East Village has long-waited for developers to activate its opportunity to complete the Downtown Loop’s density. Honoring the design parallels of the vertical-running bands of parks to the West and East, URBAND conforms to downtown typology, yet is programmed in a way to propose a refined vision of Kansas City urbanism. To develop a community around anchoring features – we focused on the themes of transportation, crafting a cultural identity for the neighborhood, and fostering civic engagement.

URBAND and into Paseo West. “The Green Connect” is a park that sits centrally inside the site bounded to the east and west by mid and high-rise residential buildings and community centers. To the north, capping off the green connect and anchoring the north end of development at 8th and Holmes, is the community food hub “Market Streak”.

The site is located just off the I-70 loop and sits next to East Village Transit Center at 12th and Charlotte, planned as the Mobility Hub in Smart Moves 3.0. This hub and our proposal will transform East Village into both a transportation and a community gateway.

What makes Market Streak more powerful is its core tenant, i.e. a market co-op that empowers the residents to focus on their unique interests.

Juxtaposed to the Financial District to the west and Paseo West to the east, the site weaves in two distinct neighborhood fabrics. When delivering this new set of urban core residences, it’s our objective to ensure that this community is financially viable for all residents to live in by including affordable rental units.

Our proposal galvanizes multi-modal transit opportunities by developing a multi use structure,“The Fountain’’, as a high capacity parking garage, art exhibit, boutique rooftop hotel, and pedestrian-engaging facade. With the existing Transit Hub and now The Fountain, the site is a logical next-step for the KC streetcar to extend east along 12th Street through

On top of affordable rentals are condos specifically proposed for low income groups.

A string of public infrastructure will be added along the park to help sustain community engagements like education center, recreational community facilities, and light industrial floor plate for a nonprofit or incubator.

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Our vision is to create an interplaying living and working community, which is why one large office building sits at the south end of the site and a smaller tower along the park. Companies like KC BlueCross BlueShield (“Blue KC”) are seeking new Class A office space in the downtown area, which had little supply even before the pandemic.

Signing a corporate civic leader like Blue KC provides a familiar city identity. While much of what URBAND derives from Kansas City into the next phase of urban development and densification, a lot of it will feel the same. It is a city that already promotes unique and vibrant neighborhoods – URBANDS will be the core of the community’s proposal That still anchors them.

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

DESIGN CONCEPT | TYPOLOGY STUDY The proposal was envisioned as a catalyst for promoting an auto-centric mobility and transforming now parking district into a vibrant, pedestrian-friendly core within the city.

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

ASSET | PHASE DELIVERIES The development was required to be evaluated in a 10 year period, the team decided to have 3 phases with the objective to deliver all assets so that they would reach stabilization by Year 10. Phasing is a crucial aspect that Architecture does not acknowledge

Phase 1 Deliver Public Amenities; The amenities were design and thought to encourage and incentive neighbors and new residents to take advantage of the extensive public spaces infrastructural anchor program that will seed and house the new community in the city center district.

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Phase 2

Phase 3

Increase residential infill to the downtown loop with a mix of apartment, condo, and shared residences. Affordable and market rate residences create a diversified tenant base that sustains the community thesis created in Phase1. The streetcar line extends into Paseo West, leaving URBAND as the shared venue for commuters and visitors.

Conclude the second band’s corner extents with office and retail on the south end near the streetcar line. The large office anchor caps off the project and will pull companies outside of KC to relocate. At the north end, the multifamily mix amplifies resident base and has them closely interact with Market Streak’s food programming.

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

FINANCIAL NARRATIVE | When creating a ground-up community in a blighted area, the public infrastructure can be substantial. There are many public financing and incentives available to attract developers, but these incentives, such as TIF bonds and tax abatements, come at the cost of other public sectors missing out on much-needed tax revenue to support their own operations.

This viewpoint is shared by many citizens and city council members, which can cause friction during a master-planned development. This is why we elected to pursue a different financing partnership with the local and statewide government with infrastructure revenue bonds and low income housing tax credits (LIHTC).

On the rental side, we opted for 40% of the units to be priced for low-income families, which qualifies the development costs to receive a 4% tax credit through LIHTC, coming at over $6M a year. Nearly all land was in the city’s possession for our site residential developments with the exception of one small parcel at the north end of the site. We proposed an acquisition price at $100,000 ($15.82/sf).

Our proposal includes a variety of public buildings like an education center, recreation/community building, food hall and market co-op (128k sf ), park (130k sf ), pedestrian walkway (70k sf ), and streetcar extension (1.7 miles). Financing and underwriting the returns would be a challenge for a traditional private investment without public incentives. This is where The Fountain and the industrial revenue bond comes in.

To determine how much public financing would be required, we performed market research to determine the right mix of multifamily, commercial, retail, hotel, and condominiums. With COVID-19 and Kansas City’s pre-existing stagnation on office, our eyes focused towards the residential needs first.

Precedents show that structured parking qualifies for an IRB, which at its scale and optimal transportation hub location, The Fountain’s stabilized value yields maxed out bond proceeds sufficient enough to support the costs for all of these public infrastructure investments of $150M and the parking structure itself at $90M.

HUD’s comprehensive housing report for KC revealed a housing demand, especially at the affordable end. Over 10,000 homes were in demand over the projected supply for the next three years.

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During construction, the private investments will initially be financed through construction loans and then refinanced by a permanent loan at stabilization. Even looking at the forward- looking LIBOR curve, rates are expected to stay below 1% until 2025. We expect to receive near the floor rate of construction loans at 8% (65% LTC) and refinanced into a permanent loan at a blended rate of 3.00% (30 year, interest only, 1.30 DSCR) to respect various asset classes.

The for-sale condominiums will be financed with the construction loan but will then recycle cash proceeds from sales to finance additional construction and debt pay-down.

A credit revolver was put in place in the event additional costs are incurred, covering $2.3M in total. With these debt instruments in place, we expect equity contributions of $365M would receive a Year 10 levered IRR of 25.3% (14.5% unlevered).

This investment in turn is a 3.86x equity multiple.

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

SUBMISSION | BOARD

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

CASE STUDY | ELEMENTAL Quinta Monroy; Iquique - Chile

Philip Shores

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

FIGURE | Alejandro Aravena + Elemental “2018 Charles Jencks Award winner: Alejandro Aravena. Photo: Cristobal Palma” Imafge Source: https://archinect.com/news/bustler/6809/alejandro-aravena-winner-of-2018-riba-jencks-award

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ELEMENTAL PERSPECTIVE

DESIGN FRAMEWORK

Aravena believes that architecture practice should serve society by tackling non architectural issues. These challenges are contemporary world-wide problems such as poverty, segregation and violence in urban areas and more importantly social housing.

Aravena was asked to design houses for 100 families in a community called Quinta Monroy that were living in very poor conditions for more than 30 years in a city center area of Iquique in Chile. With only $7.500 per family ($750,000 total government subsidies) the proposal needed to buy the land, pay for infrastructure and build the houses.

Elemental has a very particular focus on poor communities and social/ affordable housing.

The practice of this project uses “architectural tools for the solution of a non-architectural problem: overcoming poverty.”

The almost impossible question resulted in the creation of a new housing typology; a “half of a house” building without displacement the community to far away pieces of land, generating more segregation and social problems. This scenario and solution is very common on Latin America social housing programs.

Elemental project in Quinta Monroy revolutionized the concept of social housing by delivering a empathetic architectural solution to a cruel social and political issue.

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FIGURE | Elemental Social Housing typology Logic

FIGURE | Catastrophic Seismic Activity in Chile 2010 [very close to Iquique city]

FIGURE | Elemental Strategies and Critical Thinking Diagrams Screenshots from a “Lecture Alejandro Aravena: Architecture in Action (Strelka Institute)“ in 2011 Image Source: https://vimeo.com/28833303

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SEISMIC AREA | 0.55 - 0.90 MAGNITUDE

PROJECT SCOPE | THE DIFFICULT EQUATION

The Difficult Equation Families: 100 ~ 150 Budget: US$7,500 subsidy for each family Total Budget: US$750,000 Cost of Construction: 100 US$ per m2 Area: 3.500 m2 = 35 m2 per unit (Government subsidy) $7,500US dollars per unit = pay for land + Infrastructure + construction costs.

“This equation succinctly summarizes Barrio Chile’s challenge: Create housing for one hundred families on a small parcel of land in the desert city of Iquique, for $7,500 each.”

Quote Source: www.moma.org

Figure: Quinta Monroy Equation.

Image made by Elemental S.A.

Quinta Monroy was the last informal settlement in the center of Iquique, Chile, where 100+ families where living in extremely poor conditions. The community was illegally occupying the area for more than 30 years.

The focus of Elemental was to design and implement low-cost urban public housing projects for neediest families. During the conceptual framework of the design the design team recognized the KEY QUESTION as the central problem: conceiving housing as an investment rather than its cost.

Figure: Quinta Monroy Settlement before Project Source: https://www.area-arch.it/en/quinta-monroy-housing/

This idea completely rephrased the problem and guided the whole design that focused in the long-term and future efficiency + appreciation of the family’s subsidy.

Figure: Quinta Monroy community poor situation Source: https://www.area-arch.it/en/quinta-monroy-housing/

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ELEMENTAL | INCREMENTAL DESIGN

PROJECT DETAILS PROJECT NAME ELEMENTAL | Quinta Monroy Housing LOCATION Iquique, Chile PROJECT TYPE Multifamily; Affordable Housing PROJECT SCOPE Social Infrastructure + Affordable Housing

DESIGN TEAM Alejandro Aravena Alfonso Monter Tomás Cortese Emilio de la Cerda

BUDGET:US $204 /sqm MATERIALS Concrete & Cement bricks

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING TEAM Josè Gajardo Juan Carlos de la Llera

CONSTRUCTED AREA 3500 sqm SITE AREA 5,025 sq. meters

GENERAL CONTRACTOR Loga S.A.

YEAR COMPLETED 2003-2004 [Execution time of 9 months]

CONSTRUCTION SPECIALIST Proingel, Abraham Guerra

Project details sourced from Archdaily Source: Archdaily https://www.archdaily.com/10775/quinta-monroy-elemental

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Figure: Alejandro Aravena’s conceptual sketch Source: Arquitetura Viva https://arquitecturaviva.com/obras/viviendas-quinta-monroy

Figure: Project Completion 2004 | Elemental Source: Arquitetura Viva https://arquitecturaviva.com/obras/viviendas-quinta-monroy

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DESIGN CONCEPT | TYPOLOGY STUDY Elemental created a new social housing typology when facing a hard reality,made them think out of the box. The designers tested every known typology available on the market for the site, but none was adequate to solve the equation. The government subsidies and families money were not enough resources to build a whole 80m2 unit, and the standard solution would build high-rises.

However, this approach would not allow families to expand and would go against the project ideals. So, they implemented a new typology of a “Half-good-House” - 40 m2 unit with essential infrastructure - an incremental house.

Figure: Site Planning Typology 1

Figure: Elemental Typology Concept Elemental Diagrams | Lecture Alejandro Aravena: Architecture in Action Image Source: https://vimeo.com/28833303

Figure: Site Planning Typology 2

Figure: Stacking Typology 3

Figures above Rejected Typologies Source: https://www.disenoarquitectura.cl/quinta-monroy-de-alejandro-aravena-y-elemental/

Figure: Elemental Expandability Diagram | Modular Concept of units: Source: https://www.disenoarquitectura.cl/quinta-monroy-de-alejandro-aravena-y-elemental/ 78

Figure: Flexibility Diagram Anaysis [Site plan and Sections] Source: Carrasco, Sandra, and David O’Brien, ‘Beyond the Freedom to Build: Long-Term Outcomes of Elemental’s Incremental Housing in Quinta Monroy’, 21 (page 9)

Figure: Flexibility Diagram Anaysis [ Units plans and Axonometric view of the building complex] Source: Carrasco, Sandra, and David O’Brien, ‘Beyond the Freedom to Build: Long-Term Outcomes of Elemental’s Incremental Housing in Quinta Monroy’, 21 (page 6) 79

THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

HEALTHY COMMUNITY

Figure: Internal view of a dwelling and its simplicity.

Figure: Interior view Raw Space | Housing inauguration

Figure: Community Customization

Figure: Community Workshop

Figure: Interior of a dwelling.

Residence customization

Figure: Children playing in the Houses block courtyard

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ELEMENTAL CASE STUDY | CONCLUSION The research on this design serves as a lesson on how a design can influence a larger scope than the one it was initially assigned to “solve”.

This project developed outstanding decisions that resulted in a perfect balance between Architecture qualities and the and structural requirements in a intense seismic area like Chile. Elemental serves as a great example of the positive power of design; that does not need to result on cutting edge technology, but understanding the true nature of the issue and being creatively responsible with the community.

Real estate wants to create a community Architecture wants to provide spaces and buildings. I see a common ground of both fields in the notion of Infrastructure.

Where its a building that generates new possibilities, opportunities, that expands further just building, and design. It’s architectural architects that respond to larger issues and collectively aim to address urban, socioeconomic issues but implementing since they’re conceptual proposal, economic perspectives that a “traditional” designer would not know of and a developer would. It also goes both ways, were the designer had profitability in mind, the sense of responsibility to impact positively the community with the development but not always has the design, urbanistic perspective that a architect has with design. Responsible Architecture and real estate, together have all the necessary tools to accurately implement changes since both are fields that are very similar, have the same goal, but do not meet and talk as they should. I believe that real estate is a Mathematical architecture and architecture is infrastructural space. ..

The structure is undissociated from the designed concept and goals. A simple, inexpensive and traditional building construction that is easily assembled, that can be expandable.

A resilient structure, truly aligned with the constructive culture of South Americans projects , fully affordable due to the simplicity but also flexible, being an exoskeleton than can be infilled by the community, enabling customization of the community into their own residence.

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IV. CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION The research on this thesis illustrates how designs reach a larger scale of influence bigger than the architectural scope. Real Estate should be acknowledge and incorporated

by Architecture as a practice that architects should take charge and develop more profound projects with precise outcomes.

In my career, my main objective is to work as an entrepreneur architect and to innovate how the market conceives architecture by designing viable that thinks ahead; buildings that collaborate with public and private sectors.

In Brazil, cities face inumerous issues due to the lack of urban planning, infrastructure, density and investments. That needs to be addressed. I believe that, through Real Estate Developments, urban planning, quality Architecture, these situations can be reversed.

Quinta Monroy is the project that is the most strongest design: it developed outstanding decisions that resulted in a perfect balance between Architecture and real estate. With the an complex equation, it resulted in a simple building with flexible structure that sustain intense seismic and empowered the community. Elemental serves as a great example of the positive power of design with a real estate development mind set to solve an NON architectural problem; that does not need to result on cutting edge technology, but understanding the true nature of the issue and being creatively responsible with the community.

I want to participate in medium-large scale designs with a programmatic diversity, which comprehend complex issues such as logistic infrastructure, inter-modal hubs, multi-family complex and hybrid buildings. I want to implement architecture as infrastructure and as a social condenser in order to revitalize places, providing from the most basic infrastructure to highest sophisticated programs. I wish to accomplish a different design approach, that allows economic opportunities and vibrant urban environment.

I firmly believe that architecture, infrastructure and finance knowledge, our practice can offer major solutions that are only possible to achieve in collaboration with other fields, private investments and local authorities.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY REPORT

Mercado imobiliário tem recuperação rápida e previsão de crescimento para 2020 Type Web Page Author Larissa Ventura Abstract Previsão é de que mercado deste ano seja parecido com o do ano passado. Mesmo com a pandemia de coronavírus, houve aumento na procura de imóveis Date 2020-09-09T17:39:32-03:00 Language pt-BR URL Accessed Extra Website Title

https://diariodorio.com/mercado-imobiliario-tem-recuperacao-rapida-e-previsao-de-crescimento-para-2020/ 5/7/2021, 10:23:55 PM Section: Mercado Imobiliário Diário do Rio de Janeiro

Date Added 5/7/2021, 10:23:55 PM Modified 5/7/2021, 10:23:55 PM

Attachments Snapshot

Saiba como será o mercado imobiliário do Brasil no pós-pandemia Type Web Page Abstract A demanda foi reprimida, mas continua latente. Assim que a economia voltar a funcionar, os negócios vão aumentar exponencialmente Date 2020-06-09T18:41:43+00:00 Language pt-BR URL https://www.metropoles.com/ponto-de-vista/saiba-como-sera-o-mercado-imobiliario-do-brasil-no-pos-pandemia Accessed 5/7/2021, 10:23:45 PM Website Title Metrópoles Date Added 5/7/2021, 10:23:45 PM Modified 5/7/2021, 10:23:45 PM

Attachments Snapshot

How does the Traditional Real Estate Development Model Work?

Type Blog Post Author IrfanHaider Abstract A real estate developer detects a floor where it can be interesting to build and sell homes. The various reasons: it is cheap, it is well located.

Date 2018-11-03T17:28:12+00:00 Language en-US URL http://www.afteronline.com/how-does-the-traditional-real-estate-development-model-work/ Accessed Extra Blog Title Date Added

5/7/2021, 10:23:38 PM Section: Real Estate After Online 5/7/2021, 10:23:38 PM

Modified 5/7/2021, 10:23:38 PM

Attachments Snapshot

New Interactive Tool Helps Communities Navigate the Real Estate Development Process Type Blog Post Abstract The process of bringing a real estate project to fruition has been called many things – but no one would describe it as linear. Often reflexive and circular, it can seem haphazard and even arbitrary, especially to people new to real estate development. This can perpetuate

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mistrust of developers and local government on the part … Continued Date Language URL Accessed

2017-08-14T16:22:18+00:00 en-US https://groundworkusa.org/development/ 5/7/2021, 10:23:33 PM

Blog Title Groundwork USA Date Added 5/7/2021, 10:23:33 PM Modified 5/7/2021, 10:23:33 PM

Attachments Snapshot

Real Estate Definition Type Web Page Author James Chen Abstract Real estate refers broadly to the property, land, buildings, and air rights that are above land, and the underground rights below it. Learn more about real estate.

Language en URL https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realestate.asp Accessed 5/7/2021, 10:23:24 PM Website Title Investopedia Date Added 5/7/2021, 10:23:24 PM Modified 5/7/2021, 10:23:24 PM

Attachments Snapshot

What are the best real estate development stategies for a real estate development startup? - Quora Type Web Page URL https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-best-real-estate-development-stategies-for-a-real-estate-development-startup Accessed 4/25/2021, 10:47:45 PM Date Added 4/25/2021, 10:47:45 PM Modified 4/25/2021, 10:47:45 PM

Attachments What are the best real estate development stategies for a real estate development startup? - Quora

Development Process Map Type Web Page Abstract During the presentation, you may want to follow along with a copy of the Development Process Map or a transcript of the narrative. To view or download, check out the other resources on our website. MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS In other types of projects, like affordable Language en URL https://prezi.com/embed/t3nqtmibs7xj/?bgcolor=ffffff&lock_to_path=0&autoplay=0&autohide_ctrls=0& landing_data=bHVZZmNaNDBIWnNjdEVENDRhZDFNZGNIUE1vaG53VXNPMThlalFNSW1Lc3diY2JIVUQ4c0N1Sk9SL3dqNTJRaDlpUT0& landing_sign=X5uBGMeKv_UmweBFxGs5AC1E3SHC43EBb6gPEs93ruU Accessed 4/25/2021, 10:47:38 PM Website Title prezi.com Date Added 4/25/2021, 10:47:38 PM Modified 4/25/2021, 10:47:38 PM

About Case Studies Type Web Page

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

Abstract The ULI case studies site showcases real ULI member projects and developments that are especially innovative in their approach and that employ best practices in real estate and urban development. This site provides a wide range of information on a variety of development project types, all in one searchable format. ULI case studies include: A …

Language en-US URL https://casestudies.uli.org/about-case-studies/ Accessed 4/25/2021, 10:47:25 PM Website Title ULI Case Studies Date Added 4/25/2021, 10:47:25 PM Modified 4/25/2021, 10:47:25 PM

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Overcoming real estate development challenges: Why hire a development consultant? | Explore Our Thinking | Plante Moran Type Web Page Abstract <p>Especially in this time of economic uncertainty and constant change, new developments can be difficult to start or move forward with, or may require strategic repositioning efforts. How can real estate development consultants help optimize financial investment, increase ROI, and minimize risk?</p> Language en Short Title Overcoming real estate development challenges URL https://www.plantemoran.com/explore-our-thinking/insight/2020/plante-moran-reia/role-of-a-real-estate-development-consultant Accessed 4/25/2021, 10:47:05 PM Date Added 4/25/2021, 10:47:05 PM Modified 4/25/2021, 10:47:09 PM

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Source: Whatever Happened to Urbanism? – Koolhaas Type Blog Post Abstract In 1995, Rem Koolhaas & Bruce Mau published ‘S,M,L,XL’, one in a line of oversized volumes so fondly disseminated by the Dutch.

Amazon mentions the work as “extraordinary, m…

Date 2011-07-22T05:06:00+00:00 Language en-US Short Title Source URL https://www.landscapeandurbanism.com/2011/07/22/source-whatever-happened-to-urbanism-koolhaas/ Accessed Blog Title Date Added Modified

4/11/2021, 2:28:40 PM Landscape+Urbanism 4/11/2021, 2:28:40 PM 4/11/2021, 2:28:40 PM

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QUOTES- Stan Allen Type Blog Post Abstract Stan Allen Going beyond stylistic or formal issues, infrastructural urbanism offers a new model for practice and a renewed sense of architec...

Language en-GB URL http://xzhanarchitecture.blogspot.com/2013/01/quotes-stan-allen.html Accessed 4/11/2021, 1:55:18 PM Date Added 4/11/2021, 1:55:18 PM Modified 4/11/2021, 1:55:22 PM

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Snapshot

The rise of the architect-developer Type Web Page Author Diana Budds Abstract A closer relationship between architects and developers is unlocking creativity in the built world.

Date 2018-12-10T14:30:02-05:00 Language URL Accessed Website Title

en https://archive.curbed.com/2018/12/10/18127314/architect-developer-urbanism 2/21/2021, 7:55:35 PM Curbed

Date Added 2/21/2021, 7:55:35 PM Modified 2/21/2021, 7:55:35 PM

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Home - Real Estate Developer Type Web Page URL https://realestatedeveloper.com/ Accessed 2/21/2021, 7:54:52 PM Date Added 2/21/2021, 7:54:52 PM Modified 2/21/2021, 7:54:52 PM

Attachments Home - Real Estate Developer

Architect as Developer: A Model for Triple Top Line Development Type Author Date Language

Thesis Michael Benkert 2010 en

Short Title Architect as Developer Library Catalog etd.ohiolink.edu URL https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_olink/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=ucin1275664157 Accessed University Date Added Modified

2/21/2021, 6:28:25 PM University of Cincinnati 2/21/2021, 6:28:25 PM 2/21/2021, 6:28:25 PM

Attachments Full Text PDF Snapshot

Architect as Developer: A Model for Triple Top Line Development Type Journal Article Author Michael Benkert Date 2010 Language en-gb Short Title Architect as Developer Library Catalog core.ac.uk

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THE BEAUTIFUL SYMBIOSIS Real Estate IS Infrastructure

URL https://core.ac.uk/display/47039037 Accessed Extra Date Added Modified

2/21/2021, 6:28:10 PM Publisher: University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK 2/21/2021, 6:28:10 PM 2/21/2021, 6:28:10 PM

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Architect as Developer Type Language URL Accessed

Web Page en-US https://www.architectasdeveloper.com 2/21/2021, 6:25:15 PM

Website Title Architect as Developer Date Added 2/21/2021, 6:25:15 PM Modified 2/21/2021, 6:25:15 PM

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Courses Type Web Page Language en-US URL https://www.architectasdeveloper.com/courses Accessed 2/21/2021, 6:24:38 PM Website Title Architect as Developer Date Added 2/21/2021, 6:24:38 PM Modified 2/21/2021, 6:24:38 PM

Attachments Snapshot

Architect as Developer: A Model for Triple Top Line Development Type Journal Article Author Michael Benkert Date 2010 Language en-gb Short Title Library Catalog URL Accessed

Architect as Developer core.ac.uk https://core.ac.uk/display/47039037 2/21/2021, 6:24:07 PM

Extra Publisher: University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK Date Added 2/21/2021, 6:24:07 PM Modified 2/21/2021, 6:24:07 PM

Attachments Snapshot

The Architect as Developer Type Web Page Abstract Savvy building developers are reaping the vast majority of rewards. While architects are responsible not only for the design of buildings but also for their economic performance to the extent that their designs meet the demands of the marketplace, it is the building developers who reap the vast majority of the rewards. Developers conceive the … Continued Date 2018-03-01T20:32:18+00:00 Language en-US URL https://www.di.net/articles/the-architect-as-developer-2/ Accessed Extra Website Title Date Added

2/21/2021, 6:23:32 PM Section: Future of Practice DesignIntelligence 2/21/2021, 6:23:32 PM

Modified 2/21/2021, 6:23:32 PM

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BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST

‘About Case Studies’, ULI Case Studies <https://casestudies.uli.org/about-case-studies/> [accessed 25 April 2021] ‘Architect as Developer’, Architect as Developer <https://www.architectasdeveloper.com> [accessed 21 February 2021] Benkert, Michael, ‘Architect as Developer: A Model for Triple Top Line Development’ (University of Cincinnati, 2010) <https://etd.ohiolink.edu /apexprod/rws_olink/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=ucin1275664157> [accessed 21 February 2021] ———, ‘Architect as Developer: A Model for Triple Top Line Development’, 2010 <https://core.ac.uk/display/47039037> [accessed 21 February 2021] ———, ‘Architect as Developer: A Model for Triple Top Line Development’, 2010 <https://core.ac.uk/display/47039037> [accessed 21 February 2021] Budds, Diana, ‘The Rise of the Architect-Developer’, Curbed, 2018 <https://archive.curbed.com/2018/12/10/18127314/architect-developer-urbanism> [accessed 21 February 2021] Chen, James, ‘Real Estate Definition’, Investopedia <https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realestate.asp> [accessed 7 May 2021] ‘Courses’, Architect as Developer <https://www.architectasdeveloper.com/courses> [accessed 21 February 2021] ‘Development Process Map’, Prezi.Com <https://prezi.com/embed/t3nqtmibs7xj/?bgcolor=ffffff&lock_to_path=0&autoplay=0&autohide_ctrls=0& landing_data=bHVZZmNaNDBIWnNjdEVENDRhZDFNZGNIUE1vaG53VXNPMThlalFNSW1Lc3diY2JIVUQ4c0N1Sk9SL3dqNTJRaDlpUT0& landing_sign=X5uBGMeKv_UmweBFxGs5AC1E3SHC43EBb6gPEs93ruU> [accessed 25 April 2021] ‘Home - Real Estate Developer’ <https://realestatedeveloper.com/> [accessed 21 February 2021] IrfanHaider, ‘How Does the Traditional Real Estate Development Model Work?’, After Online, 2018 <http://www.afteronline.com/how-does-thetraditional-real-estate-development-model-work/> [accessed 7 May 2021] ‘New Interactive Tool Helps Communities Navigate the Real Estate Development Process’, Groundwork USA, 2017 <https://groundworkusa.org /development/> [accessed 7 May 2021] ‘Overcoming Real Estate Development Challenges: Why Hire a Development Consultant? | Explore Our Thinking | Plante Moran’ <https://www.plantemoran.com/explore-our-thinking/insight/2020/plante-moran-reia/role-of-a-real-estate-development-consultant> [accessed 25 April 2021] ‘QUOTES- Stan Allen’ <http://xzhanarchitecture.blogspot.com/2013/01/quotes-stan-allen.html> [accessed 11 April 2021] ‘Saiba como será o mercado imobiliário do Brasil no pós-pandemia’, Metrópoles, 2020 <https://www.metropoles.com/ponto-de-vista/saiba-como-serao-mercado-imobiliario-do-brasil-no-pos-pandemia> [accessed 7 May 2021] ‘Source: Whatever Happened to Urbanism? – Koolhaas’, Landscape+Urbanism, 2011 <https://www.landscapeandurbanism.com/2011/07/22/sourcewhatever-happened-to-urbanism-koolhaas/> [accessed 11 April 2021] ‘The Architect as Developer’, DesignIntelligence, 2018 <https://www.di.net/articles/the-architect-as-developer-2/> [accessed 21 February 2021] Ventura, Larissa, ‘Mercado imobiliário tem recuperação rápida e previsão de crescimento para 2020’, Diário do Rio de Janeiro, 2020 <https://diariodorio.com/mercado-imobiliario-tem-recuperacao-rapida-e-previsao-de-crescimento-para-2020/> [accessed 7 May 2021] ‘What Are the Best Real Estate Development Stategies for a Real Estate Development Startup? - Quora’ <https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-bestreal-estate-development-stategies-for-a-real-estate-development-startup> [accessed 25 April 2021]

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