Digital Design - Module 02 Semester 1, 2019 Yatong Shang
957389 Siavash Malek, Studio 19
Critical Reading: Kolerevic B. 2003. Architecture in the Digital Age
Kolerevic described three fundamental types of fabrication techniques in the reading. Outline the three techniques and discuss the potential of Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication with parametric modelling.
The three basic types of fabrication are subtractive, additive and formative. Subtractive is the removal of a specific volume of material from a solid using an electrical, chemical, or mechanical reduction (multi-spindle milling) process. Additive fabrication is incremental forming by adding material layer by layer. The process is opposite to milling. In formative fabrication mechanical forces, a form of restraint is applied to the material, that is, heat or steam is applied to form the desired shape through shaping or deformation, which may be axial or surface constrained. The transformation of parametric modeling in construction is demonstrated by the ability to produce not only more complex geometric shapes through numerical control machining, but also by fully considering the binary modernist assumption of a single skin and structure: the structure of digital manufacturing that enables the skin to absorb. Computer numeric control fabrication has the potential to develop parametric modeling that enables data to be transferred directly and computerized from computer to machine’s computer to generate the final model. This reduces the need for technical and manufacturing drawings.
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation
3. Loft to make surfaces 2
2. Deconstruct box A. Create surfaces
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1. Make a bounding box 1
B. Waffle structure
2. Vertical ns
7. Make 2d 6.Trim solid
4. Fins
5. Rectangle solid maker
3. Horizontal ns
1. Surface
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation 8
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4. Pattern 1 A. Panel a 1. Triangle panel
6. Panels
8. Move 2d unrolled panels
1. Triangle panel 7. Make 2d 2. Pattern 1 location
5. Pattern 2
3. Pattern 2 location 2. Pattern 1 4. Panels
5. Move 2d unrolled panels
B. Panel b 1. Triangle panel
3. Pattern 2
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The visual script above is consisted with 3 parts: surfaces, waffle structures and panels. The script of two surfaces starts with constructing a 150*150*150mm bounding box, then extract the edges of the box by using DeBrep command. Using List items to select four curves and separate the cure into five sections with girded points. Loft the curve and use Surface Domain Number to separate the surface into 5*5 grids on both surfaces. Offset Grid command is applied to make a variation of the height and directions of the panels. Panels are created in grasshopper. A mixture of both 2D and 3D panels are applied to the surface.
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation
Surfaces Iteration 1
Iteration 1 includes two flat surfaces. The interior space between the surfaces is narrow below and wide above. People are more likely to use the interior space because the space may provide shades. However, the surface is too flat that lack spatial experience for the visitors.
Surfaces Iteration 2
Iteration 2 has two curved surfaces. One surface is open oppositely with another surface; thus, two independent spaces may create. However, the space between two surfaces has no spatial changes, so I tried to create a surface which curved to control the threshold.
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE
Surface Creation
Surfaces Iteration 3
Surfaces Iteration 4
Iteration 3 has a same surface as Iteration 2. A more curved surface is applied to define the threshold. However, I would like to create a bigger gathering space between the surfaces for the visitors with single entrance to control the circulation.
Iteration 4 is the final creation which I choose for further development. It has a big interior space and only one entrance. The surfaces provide more shades in the central space to promote visitors to pause and occupy. The left surface controls the circulation of pedestrians out of the space in order to provide a more private area to the opposite side of the surface.
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Matrix and Possibilities
Thresholds
1.1
1.2
1.3
I have explored four different surfaces as can be seen in the matrix.
1.4
The first row of diagrams shows the surfaces control the thresholds. As can be seen in 4.1, the surfaces create the largest interior space. Shadows to show pause areas at 10 PM
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
The second row shows the condition of shadows at 10:00 AM in Melbourne. Figure 4.2 indicates that a comfortable shadow is provided between the surfaces.
Paneling
3.1
3.2
3.3
As can be seen in the third row, a number of panels are explored to create the paneling surfaces. A mixture of both 2D and 3D panels are used to play with
3.4
the surfaces.
Circulations
4.1
4.2
4.3
Finally, the last row shows circulations around the pavilions. Figure 4.4 shows a big central gathering space which under the shadow. One entrance and the curved surface control the movement of people. Consequently, a more private space is provided in the space that promote people to pause and occupy in this area.
4.4
Key
Circulations Population density
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Isometric View
Both 2D and 3D panels are applied to form the surface. The top of the left surface has 2D panels with some openings thus the light can go through while the bottom of the surface contains some 3D panels without openings so that could increase privacy of the interior space. The right surface has a lot of 3D panels around central 2D panels. The 2D panels are going to form windows thus light can come into the pavilion. The areas with more shades tend to be potential pause areas and the space without shades would be the circulation areas.
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This is a single-entrance pavilion which the internal threshold controls the circulation by the form. The interior space has a large opening above so the light is allowed to come through. The movements of the visitors are controlled by fins. The central space tends to be the potential pause area with a large population density.
SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Exploded Isometric
2D panels and lower 3D panels are applied to the top of the surface in order to let the light come though
Fins insert from the inside to the outside, thus the model would be more stable
A mixture of both 2D and 3D panels are applied into the surfaces
Higher 3D panels are applied to the bottom of the surface to control the threshold
Application of Lower 3d panels create window-like openings that visitors can observe the outside landscape
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Laser Cutting
Separate the panels into smal pieces in order to prevent overlap issue. x 1
x 0
x 2 x 4
Panels on two surfaces are group separatly and put them into two different pages.
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x 3
x 6
x 5
x 8
x 7
Each pieces of panels or fins are signed by etched nearby. Red lines indicateds etch commands and black lines are cut lines in laser cut .
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x 6 x 7 x 8
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x 5
x 2
x 20
x 9
x 4
x 19
x 10
x 3
x 18
x 11
x 17
x 12
x 1
x 16 x 15
x 0
x 14
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x 21 x 22 x 23 x 24 x 25 x 26
SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Photography of Model
This is a single-entrance pavilion which the internal threshold controls the circulation by the form. The interior space has a large opening above so the light is allowed to come through. The movements of the visitors are controlled by structure. The central space tends to be the potential pause area with a large population density. Application of both 2D and 3D panels on the surfaces. Some 2D panels and lower 3D panels provides opening and allow the light to come into the space. Panels on the bottom of the left surface also defines the threshold. 2D panels and lower 3D panels are applied to the top of the surface in order to let the light come though as well. Using lower 3d panels on the right surface to create windowlike openings that visitors can observe the outside landscape.
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Visual Scripting of Parametric Model
The visual script shows the process of the creation of final boolean object. A 50*50*50 box is created at first. Then divided it into 3*3 grids by using DeBrep > List items > Surface Domain Number. A curve attractor is used to adjust grids. After mesh the object, non - pt attrctor are created to as the centers of geometries.
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SOLID AND VOID Surface Creation
Boolean Object 1
Boolean Object 2
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SOLID AND VOID Surface Creation
Boolean Object 3
Boolean Object 4
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SOLID AND VOID Matrix and Possibilities
Boolean Objects and Geometries
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Location of small models
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Small models
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
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SOLID AND VOID Isometric view
The Boolean differences result shows a 3-level structure with bigger positive space at the bottom and smaller at the top. A lot of rectangular openings are created to allow the light come through.
Big openings let shadows come through
Smaller spaces of higher privacy
Larger space of higher privacy
Large gathering space as circulation center
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As can be seen in the section, the structure has three levels are similar in spatial organization. Each level has one big gathering spaces and two smaller spaces of more privacy. The circulation center is in the big gathering area to the right and the space would be more privacy to the left.
3D Print Model 2
3D Print Model 1
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SOLID AND VOID
Photography of Model
I choose this model for further study because the central space is a gathering space that is similar to Task A and it also provides some comfortable shadows in the gathering space. The openings frames nice shadows and people can pause and occupy the spaces under the shadow. The circulation is also similar as Task A because the pavilion also has one entrance to control the movement pf pedestrians.
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Appendix Process
Waffel structure constructing process
Panels making process
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Appendix Process Combine panels and waffel structure together
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Appendix Process
MakerBot File submitted for 3D printing
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