യാദാ (To Know) St. Peter's and St. Paul's Orthodox Church, Parakkodu

hn-Im-cn-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- . . . kz-À-¤-¯n-sâ In-fn-hm-Xn-Â- H-cp- {Kma-¯n-sâ s\dpIbn-Â- D-Z-b- Xn-e-IwNm-À-¯n- \n-Â-¡p-¶- -tim`-bm-À-¶N-cn{X-am-Wv ]-dt¡mSv -tZi-¯n-tâXv. a-e-¦-c-bpsS ]p-Wy- ]n-Xm-¡-·m-cpsS ]m-Z-kv]-À-iw-sImïv A-\p-{K-l-{]-Z-am-b- Cu- -tZhm-e-bw- ]-cn-.]t{Xmkv ]-cn-.]-utemkv Ço-l-·m-cpsS \m-a-¯n-Â- \n-esImÅp-¶p-. {In-kvXp-hn-\pthïn- Po-hnX-¯n-ep-S-\o-fw- At\Iw- {]-XnkÔn-I-Ä- -t\cn-«-h-cm-Wv C-cp-h-cpw-. A-h-cpsS Po-hn-X-¯neqsS -t\SnsbSp-¯- ]-cnip-²n-bpw- D-b-c-¯nse \m-Y-\n-Â- D-ÅA-Sn-bp-d-¨- hni-zm-khpw- {it²b-am-Wv. B- ]-cn-ip-²-·m-cpsS Po-hn-X-hpw- Z-À-i-\-hpw- \-ap¡v F-¡m-e-hpw- am-Xr-I-bm-Wv. ]-g-b-\n-b-a-¯n-Â- bmt¡m_v I-ï- kz-À-¤s¯bpw- `q-ansb bpw- X-½n-Â- _-Ôn-¸n-¡p-¶- -tKmh-Wn- B-e-b-¯n-sâ IqsS km-Zr-iy-am-Wv. A-¯-c-¯n-Â- 125 h-À-j-¯n-sâ ]-cn-ip-²n-bpsS ]-cn-a-fw- -t]dp-¶- Cu- B-e-bw- B-cm-[-\-bpsS A-´-an-Ãm-¯A-Xp-ey-am-b- A-\p-{K-lw- hn-i-zm-kn-I-fnte¡v hm-cns¨mcn-bp¶p-. B-[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Cu- -temI-¯n-Â- hn-I-k\-¯n-sâ ]p-¯-³- ]-S-hp-I-Ä- N-hn-«n- \mw- apt¶m«v -t]mIpt¼mÄ- ]-g-abnte¡v Xn-cn-ªp- -t\m-t¡ï-Xv B-h-iy-am-Wv. ]p-Xp-a-bpsS {]tim`-bn-Â- \mw- A-`n-am-\w- -sImÅpt¼mgpw- ]-g-asb

a-d-¡p-¶-h-cm-bn- Xo-c-cp-Xv. \-½psS -tZhm-e-b-¯n-sâ A-`n-hr-²n-¡v -thïn- A-£oWw- ]-cn-{i-an-¨p- Im-e- b-h\n-I-bv¡v ]n-¶nte¡v I-S-¶pt]mb- ]q-À-Æ-]n-Xm-¡·m-cpsS kva-c-W-bv¡v ap-¶n-Â- in-c-Êv \-an-¡mw-. A-hcpsS `-àn-bpsSbpw- Xym-K-¯n-sâbpw- tZhm-e-b-¯n t\mSp-Å- A-S-§m-¯- kv-t\l-¯n-sâbpw- ^-e-am-Wv \-½psS -tZhm-e-bw-. "bm-Zm-" (lo-{_q-) F-¶- -t]cn-Â- D-Å- Cu- Pq_n-enk¹n-saâv A-À-°-h-¯m-b- B-ßo-b- aq-ey-§sf hnfnt¨mXp-¶- H-¶m-Wv. 'bm-Zm-' F-¶m-Â- 'A-\p-`-h-¯neqsS A-dn-bp-I-' F-¶m-Wv A-À-Yw-. Po-hn-X-¯nse F-Ãm- X-e-§-fn-epw- D-b-c-¯nse \m-Ys\ A-\p-`-h§-fn-eqsS cp-Nn-¨-dn-bp-hm-³- \-ap¡v km-[n-¡-Ww-, Xm-gvN-bn-Â- \s½ Hm-À-¡p-¶-, ho-gvN-bn-Â- -ssI]n-Sn¨p-b-À-¯p-¶- D-b-c-¯nse \m-Y-sâ I-cp-X-epw- kv-t\ l-hpw- A-\p-`-h-¯n-eqsS cp-Nn-¨-dn-bp-hm-³- \-ap¡v km-[n-¡s«. C-S-h-I-bpsS Im-h-Â- ]n-Xm-¡-·m-cpsS A-\p-{K-l-hpw- Im-h-epw- -tIm«-bpw- \t½m-sSm¸wD-ïm-bn-cn-¡s« F-¶- {]m-À-°-\tbm-sS... \n-§-fpsS hn-Im-cnD-½-³- a-«-bv¡-e-¨-³-

H-cp- -ssZh-]p-cp-j-sâ Po-hn-X-Km-Y]-cn-. _-tkentbmkv am-Àt¯mam- ]-utemkv Z ​ -zn-Xo-b-³- ImtXmen-¡m- _m-hm- A-\p-kva-c-Ww-

-tUm. Ko-h-À-Ko-kv am-À- bq-entbmkv -sa{Xmt]meo-¯-

Xr-Èq-ÀPn-Ã-bnse a-§m-Sv am-À{KntKmdntbmkv Hm-À¯tUmIvkv ]-Ån-¡v H-cphn-fn-¸m-Sv A-Isebm-WvsImÅ-¶q-À- `-h-\w-. H-cp- km-[m-c-W- I-À-j-I- Ip-Spw-_w.- B- Ip-Spw-_-¯nse sF-¸n-sâbpw- ]p-ent¡m«n-Â- Ip-Spw-_-¯nse Ip-ªn-än-bpsSbpw- aq¶m-as¯ a-I-\m-bn- 1946 B-K-kväv 30--mw- Xo-b-Xn- a-e-¦-c- k`-bpsS a-lmC-S-b-³- B-bn-¯o-À-¶- -t]mÄ- F-¶- ]-utemkv am-À- an-en-¯ntbmkv Xn-cpta\nP-\n-¡p-¶p-. X-sâ aq-¶m-as¯ a-I-\m-b- Cu- Ip-ªn-sâ in-c-Ên-Â- a-e-¦-ck`-bpsS ImtXmen-¡m- In-co-Sw- C-cn-¡psa¶v Cu- am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡-Ä- H-cn-¡-epwkz-]v\w- I-ïn-«p-ïm-hn-Ã-.kvIq-Ä- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- ]q-À-¯n-bm-¡n-b-Xn-\p- -tijwXr-Èq-À- skâv. -tXma-kv -tIm-tfPn-Â- \n-¶v _n-. F-kv. kn-. bpw- -tIm«bw- kn-.Fw-.F-kv. -tIm-tfPn-Â- \n-¶v tkm-tjymf-Pn-bn-Â- ]n-.Pn-bpw- F-Sp¯p-. A-©mw- ¢m-kn-Â- ]-Tn-¡pt¼mÄ- B-Wv a-Zv_-lm-bnte¡v ^m-.

Ko-h-À-Ko-kv H-.sF-.kn- -ssI ]n-Sn-¨v I-b-än-b-Xv. -tPmk^v Ip-än-¡m-«n-Â-tImÀ- F-¸n-kv-tIm¸m-bpsS in-£-W-¯n-Â- kp-dn-bm-\n- `m-j-bpw- ]-Tn-¨p-.

-ssZh-hn-fn-¡v A-\ptbmPy-am-bn- -t]mfns\ H-cp-¡p-¶-Xn-Â- ap-Jy-]-¦v h-ln¨- B-fm-Wv am-Xr-k-tlmZ-c-³- C-¿p-¡p-«n- A-¨m-b-³-. -tIm«-bw- skan-\m-cn-bn-Â\n-¶p- Pn-.F-kv.än- bpw- skdm-¼q-À- bq-Wnthgvkn-än-bn-Â- \n-¶v _n-.Un-. bpw]q-À-¯o-I-cn-¨p-. A-`n-. bq-lmt¶m³- am-À- tk-thdntbmkv -sa{Xms¸meo-¯m-bn-Â-

\n-¶p-am-Wv b-u-¸-Zb-¡nt\m ]-«-hpw-, -si½m-i-]-«hpw- IÈo-im- ]-«-hpw- kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. 1973 Pq-¬2 \v -sImc-«n- skan-\m-cn-bn-Â- h-¨v -sshZo-I-\m-bn-.

1982 Un-kw-_-À- 28 \v Xn-cp-h-Ã-bn-Â- -tNÀ-¶- a-e-¦-c- A-tkm kntbj-³- -taev]-«- kvYm-\t¯¡vv Xn-csªSp-¯p-. 1983 -sabv 14-\v ]-cp-a-e- skan-\m-cn-bn-Â- -sh¨v am-Xyq-kv am-ÀIq-dntemkn-Â- \n-¶v d-¼m-³- kvYm-\-hpw-, 1985 -sabv 15 \v- ]p-Xn-b-Im-hv skâv -taco-kv Hm-À-¯tUmIvkv -tZhm-eb-¯n-Â- h-¨v ]-cn. _-tkentbmkv am-Àt¯m½m- am-Xyq-kv {]-Y-a-³- _m-hm-bn-Â- \n-¶v 38-mw- h-b-Ên-Â- F-¸n-kv-tIm¸kvYm-\-hpw- kzo-I-cn-¨p-. Xp-S-À-¶v 1985 B-K-kväv 1 ap-X-Â]p-Xn-b-Xm-bn- cq-]o-I-cn-¡s¸«- Ip-¶w-Ip-fw- `-{Zm-k\¯n-sâ A-a-c-¡m-c-\m-bn- Np-a-X-etbäp-. {]-Y-a-Zr-ãym-sX-sä¶p- -tXm¶n-¸n-¨- At±l-¯n-sâ ]-e- Xo-cp-am-\§-fpw-, \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fpw- Xo-À-¯pw- i-cn-bmsW¶p- Im-ew-sXfn-bn-¨p-. hn-Zym-À-°n- {]-kvYm-\w- -sshkv {]-kn-U-âv, k¬tUkvIq-Ä- {]-kvYm-\w{]-kn-U-âv, bp-h-P-\{]-kvYm-\w- {]-kn-U-âv F-¶o- \n-e-I-fn-Â- \n-kvXpe-am-b{]-h-À-¯-\wIm-gvN-h-bv¡p-I-bp-ïm-bn-. ]-. ]n-Xm-hn-sâ B-ßo-b- h-gn-bpw- Z-À-i-\-hpw- I-ïv At\I-À- -sshZo-Ithe-bv¡m-bn- hn-fn-¨-Sp--¸n-¡s¸«p-.

B- -sshZn-I- K-W-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- F-fn-b-h-\m-b- Rm-³-sa{Xmt¸meo-¯m- kvYm-\t¯¡v Xn-csªSp-¡s¸«p-.

Rm-³- ]-cn-ip-²- ]-nXm-hn-sâ in-jy-\pw- A-Xn-ep-]-cn_-Ôp-hpw- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.

2006-Â- ]-cp-a-e-bn-Â- Iq-Sn-b- a-e-¦-c- A-tkm kntbj-³]-u-c-kvXyImtXmen-¡m-bpsSbpw-,

a-e-¦-c- sa{Xmt¸meo-¯-mbpsSbpw- ]n-³-Km-anbm-bn- Xn-csªSp-¯p-. 2010 \-hw-_-À- H-¶n\v ]-cn-._-tkentbmkv am-Àt¯mam- ]-utemkv Z-zn-Xo-b-³- F-¶- \m-a-¯n-Â- a-e-¦-c- k`m-[y-£\m-bn- kvYm-\mtcml-Ww- -sN¿s¸«p-. k`-bn-Â- im-i-z-X-hpw- kp-kvYn-c-hp-am-b- H-cp- kam[m-\-¯n-\p- -thïn-bpw- hy-h-lm-c- c-ln-X-am-ba-e-¦-c-k`-bv¡p- -thïn-bpw- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-I-bpw{]m-À-°n-¡p-I-bpw- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-I-bpw- -sNbvX- H-cp- ]n-Xm-hm-Wv ]--cn.Xn-cpta\n-. 2017 Pqsse 3 -se hn-[n-¡p- -tijw- k`--bpsS hm-Xn-Â- G--h-À-¡p-am-bn- Xp-d-¶n-«p- kam[m-\- I-ev]-\- ]p-ds¸Sp-hn-¡-bpw- At´ymJym-bpsS At{]w- _m-hsb NÀ-¨-¡m-bn£-Wn-¡p-I-bpw- -sNbvXn-«pw- F-Xn-À-`m-K-¯v \n-¶v A-\p-Iq-e-am-b- H-cp- {]-Xn-I-c-Ww- D-ïmIm-ª-Xv \n-À-`m-Ky-I-c-am-bnt]mbn-. F-¦n-epwim-i-z-X- kam-[m-\-¯n-\m-bp-Å- {i-a-§-ÄAt±lw- H-cn-¡-epw- \n-À-¯n-bn-cp-¶n-Ã-.

2018 am-À-¨v 23--\v -hn-.aqtdm³- Iq-Zm-i- \-S¯n.BtKmf-X-e-¯n-Â- A-dn-bs¸Sp-¶- H-cp]n-Xm-hm-bn-cp-¶p- At±lw-.I-gn-ª- H-¶-ch-À-j-am-bn- -tcmKm-Xp-c-\m-bn- I-gn-bpt¼mgpw ""F-sâ -tcmK-atÃ, A-Xv Ip-g-¸-an-Ã-. F-sâ Po-ht\¡m-fpw- F-sâ BtcmKys¯¡m-fpwh-ep-Xm-bnRm-³Im-Wp-¶-Xv ]-cn-. k`sbbm-Wv. k`-bv¡p- -tcmK-ap-ïm-ImsXBtcmKy-Zr-V-Km-{X-bm-bn-«p- \n-e-\n-Â-¡-Ww-.amÀtXmam-Ço-lm-bpsS knw-lm-k\w- kz-X-{´-am-Wv '' Xp-S-§n-- k`sb¡p-dn¨p-Å- h-en-b- Z-À-i-\-§-Ä]-cn--.]n-Xm-hn-\v- D-ïm-bn-cp-¶p-. -ssZh-hn-i-zm-kwap-dpsI ]n-Sn-¨v kÀ-Æ-hpw- -ssZh-¯n-\p- ka-À¸n-¨- ]-cn-.]n-Xm-hns\ ]-dp-Zo-km-bn-Â- ho-ïpwI-ïp-ap-«m-\n-S-bm-hs«.

C-S-h-I- -tZhm-e-bw- F-´v ? F-§s\?

C-S-h-I- F-¶- k¦-ev]w- {In-kvXp-hn-\p- 2000 h-À-j-§-Ä-¡v apt¶ D-ïm-bn-«p-Å-Xm-Wv. -temI¯nse B-Zy- C-S-h-I- \n-À-an-¨-Xv item-tam³- cmPm-hm-Wv. -sPdp-k-tew- -tZhm-e-b- \n-À-am-W-¯nse tIc-f- km-¶n[yw-sPdp-k-sean-Â- btlmh-¡v at\ml-c-am-b- B-ebw- item-tam³- \n-À-an-¨p, -t{ijvT-am-b- a-Zv_lm-bpw-. BC 950--Â- B-Zy- -tZhm-e-b-¯n-sâ a-Zv_-l- \n-À-an-¡p-¶-Xn-\-v D-]tbmKn-¨- Nneh-kvXp--¡-Ä- \-½psS -tIc-f-¯n-Â- \n-¶pwD-Å-XmsW¶v -ss__n-Ä- ]-Tn-Xm-¡-Ä- kvYm]n-¡p-¶p.a-Zv_-l- A-e-¦-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- cm-Pm-hv D-] tbmKn-¨- h-kvXp-¡-fn-Â- H-¶v a-bn-Â-]o-enB-Wv. kp-dn-bm-\n- `m-j-bn-Â- 'Xq-¡n-' F-¶v- hntij-Ww- -sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶- a-bn-Â-]o-en- X-angn-Â- B-¬- a-bn-ens\ hntij-Ww- -sN¿m-³- D-] tbmKn-¡p-¶- '-tXm-ssI' F-¶- hm-¡n-Â- \n-¶pwD-Û-hn-¨-Xm-Wv. -sX-t¡ C-´y-bn-Â- \n-¶p-amWv C-Xv -sPdp-itean-Â- F-¯n-bsX¶v km-cw-. ]-Sn-ªm-d-³- Xo-cw- -tIc-fw- B-b-Xn-\m-Â- A-Xv C-hnsS \n-¶p-amsW¶p- A-\p-am-\n-¡mw-. itemtam³- cm-Pm-hv a-Zv_-l-bn-Â- B-\- -sIm¼v (ivory) -sImïv A-e-¦m-c-§-Ä- \-S-¯n-bn-cp-¶p-. A-hcpsS hn-ip-²- {K-Ù-¯n-Â- C-Xv 'Isfjv' F-¶v hntijn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-p-. B-\sb kw-kvIr-X¯n-Âhn-fn-¡p-¶- 'I-f-`w-' F-¶- hm-¡n-Â- \n-¶pw

-tUm. A-e-Ivkm-ï-À- -tP¡-_v sF- ]n- F-kv D-ïm-b-Xm-Wv C-Xv. A-Xm-b-Xv B-\s¡m¼pw`m-c-X-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- Xs¶. a-Zv_-l-¡v kpKÔw- D-ïm-I-Ww- F-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p- cmPm-hn-sâ asämcp- B-{K-lw-. I-¯pt¼mÄ - am-{Xw- kp-K-ÔwF-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p- C{k-m-tbep-Im-À¡v ]-cn-N-bw-.

Xm-À-kn-kv I-¸-en-Â- C-Xn-\m-bn- H-cp- a-cw- -sPdp-itean-Â- F-¯n-¨p-. kp-dn-bm-\n- -thZ-]p-kvX-I-¯n-Â'Nm-´-³-' F-¶v hntijn-¸n-¡p-¶- Cu- hr-£s¯ 'Nm-´-Â-' F-¶v B-Wv {Ko-¡v `m-j-bn-Â- A-dnbs¸Sp-¶-Xv. Cw-¥o-jn-Â- 'km-³-U-Â-' F-¶v A-dn-bs¸Sp-¶- hr-£w- -tIc-f-¯nse a-d-bq-cn-Â\n-¶p-ap-Å- N-µ-\- a-cam-bn-cp-¶p- F-¶v {Ko-¡v, kpdn-bm-\n-, kw-kvIr-Xw-, F-¶o- `m-j-bn-Â- {]m-ho-Wyap-Å- {]-i-kvX- `m-j- ]-WvUn-X-À- km-£n-¡p-¶p-.

C-´y-bn-Â- \n-¶p-ap-Å- ar-Ks¯ Im-W-Wsa¶v cm-Pmhn-sâ B-{K-l- k^-eo-I-c-W-¯n-\m-bn- Xm-À-ko-kv I-¸-Â- 'Im-^n-' F-¶v- X-§-fpsS -thZ-]p-kvX-I-¯n-Âhn-fn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶- ar-Ks¯ F-¯n-¨p-. kw-kvIr-X¯n-Â- Ip-c-§p-Isf hn-fn-¡p-¶- -t]cm-Wv 'I-_n-'.

A-Xn-\-À-°w- B- Ip-c-§-³- -t]mepw- -tIc-f-¯n-Â\n-¶pw- B-Wv F-¶m-WtÃm. C-hs¡Ãmw- D-]-cn-bm-bn-

Pq-_n-en- I-¬-ho-\-dp-am-ÀI-¬-ho-\-À-

A-Pn- ^n-en-¸v, tXmï-en-Â- -t{Kkv hn-Ã-

tPmbn-âv I-¬-ho-\-À-

-tXma-kv h-À-Ko-k,v Ip-dp-§m-«v

Pn-¯p- -sP-tdmw-, Ip-dp-§m-«v

30 h-À-jw- ap-¼v, 1988  H-cp- im-kv{Xo-b- -sXfn-hv e-`n-¨p.e-Ivkdnse J-\-\-¯n-Â- cm-an-kn-kv II ^-dthm cm-Pm-hn-sâ a-½n- e-`n-¨p-. a-½n-bpsS aq-¡n-epw- hm-bn-epw- -sNhn-bn-epw- Ipcp-ap-f-¡v \n-d-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn- Isï¯n- Ip-cp-ap-f-In-sâ DNA ]-cntim[-\-bn-eqsS a-e-_m-dn-ep-Å- -s]-s¸À- \n-{KwF-¶- -sh-ssdän- B-Wv e-Ivkdnse a-½n-bn-Â- D-ÅsX¶v -sXfn-ªp-. A-Xm-b-Xv 3300 h-À-jw- ap-³-¸v Xs¶ Cu-Pn -]väp-am-bn- -tIc-f-¯n-\v _-Ôw- D-ïm-bn-cp-¶p- F-¶v A-À-°w-.

C-¯-c-¯n-Â- -temI-¯nse B-Zy- -tZhm-e-b- \n-À-am-W-¯nse a-e-bm-fn- km-¶n-[y-s¯ Ir-Xy-am-bn- a-\-kn-em-¡mw--.

H-cp- -tZhm-e-bsa¶- \n-e-bn-Â- I-S-a-I-Ä- At\I-am-Wv. - -tbip{In-kvXp- B-cm-Wv, At±l-¯n-sâ kp-hntijw- F-´mbn-cp¶p- F-¶v B- -{]-tZis¯ P-\-§-Ä-¡v ]-d-ªp- -sImSp-¡-Ww-.

-tZhm-e-bw- hn-ip-²n-bpsS kvY-ew- B-Wv. 7 Iq-Zm-i-I-fm-Wv -tZhm-e-bs¯bpw-, P-\-§tfbpw-- {]tZis¯bpw- hn-ip-²am¡p-¶-Xv. Iq-Zm-i- kzo-I-c-W-¯n-eqsS \mw- hn-ip-²o-I-cn¡s¸Sp-¶p-. hn-ip-²- kvY-ew- hn-ip-²-am-bn- kq-£n-¡p-hm-³hn-i-zm-kn-I-Ä-¡v I-S-a-bp-ïv. sF-Iyw- D-ïmtIï- kvY-e-am-Wv -tZhm-e-bw.- B-Zys¯ sF-Iyw- -ssZh-hpw- a-\p-jy-\p-am-bn-«m-Wv, c-ïm-as¯ sF-Iyw- C-S-h-I- P-\-§-Ä- X-½n-epw- hn-Im-cn-bp-ambn-«p-am-Wv. aq-¶m-as¯ sF-Iyw- C-S-h-I- G-Xv k`-bpsS `m-KamtWm B- k`-bpsS `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bp-am-bn-«m-Wv. H-cp- C-Sh-I-bpsS a-l-X-zsa¶m-Â- B- C-S-h-I-bn-Â- \n-¶v F-{X- -t] À- a-c-Wm-´-cw- kz-À-¤- `m-Ky-¯n-\v A-h-Im-in-I-Ä- B-bn-«p-ïm-Ipsa¶-Xn-em-Wv. {]m-À-°-\- am-{Xw- Bscbpw- c-£n-¡p-I-bn-Ã-, Po-h-Im-cp-Wy- {]-h-À-¯-§-Ä- -sN¿p-¶- H-cp- kvYm-]-\w- IqsS B-I-Ww- -tZhm-e-bw-. {]m-À-°n-¡p-¶- a-\p-jy-\v \-Ã- kz-`mh-hpw- Zo-\m-\p-I-¼-bpw- D-ïm-Ipw-. C-Xv c-ïpw- D-ïm-Im-¯{]m-À-°-\- I-]-S-am-Wv. k`- Ip-Spw-_-§-fpsS Ip-Spw-_-am-Wv. C-S-h-I-bnse Aw-K-§-Ä- {]m-À-°-\m- Po-hn-X-ap-Å-h-À- B-bncn-¡-Ww.- ‘A family that prays together stays together’ -F-¶mWtÃm. H-cp-an-¨v {]m-À-°n-¡p-¶- Ip-Spw-_w- H-cp-atbm-sS klh-kn-¡pw-. {]m-À-°\tbm-Spw- hn-i-zm-k-t¯mSpw- Po-hn-¡p-¶- P-\-hn`m-Ks¯ D-Äs¡mÅp-¶-Xm-Wv -tZhm-e-bw-. A-hnsSbm-Wv -ssZhw- h-kn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]-dt¡mSv -tZis¯ Cu- -tZhm-e-bwAt\I- X-e-ap-d-I-Ä-¡v A-\p-{K-l-§-Ä- -sNmcn-ªp- \-Â-Ipam-dm-Is« F-¶v {]m-À-°n-¡p-¶p-.

C-S-h-I- N-cn-{Xw]-cn-ip-²- am-À-t¯m½m- Ço-lm-bpsS -t{]jn-X-{]-h-À-¯-\-¯m F-.Un-. 52- kvYm]n-X-am-b- a-e-¦-c-k`-. A-À-¡-Zn-bmt¡m·m-À-¡pw- am-À-t¯m½m - sa{Xm-·m-À-¡pw-tijw- a-e-¦-c- -sa{Xmt¸meo-¯m-am-À- `-c-W-\p-Iw- h-ln-¡p-¶- Imew. a-e-¦-c-k`m-tXP-Êv -tPmk^v am-À- Zn-h-¶m-tkymkv c-ïm-a-³- ]-cn. am-À-t¯m½m- -Ço-lm-bpsS knw-lm-k\-¯n- hm-W-cp-fp-¶- Im-ew-. a-e-¦-c-bpsS a-lm- ]-cn-ip-²-³ ]-cn. Ko-h-À-Ko-kv am-À- {KotKmdntbmkv (]-cp-a-e- Xn-cpta\n-) -sImÃw`-{Zmk\m-[n-]-³ B-bn-cn-¡p-¶- Im-ew-. 125 h-À-j-§-Ä-¡n-¸p-dw- C-¶v \mw{]-iw-knt¡ï-Xn-\p- ]-dt¡mSv -tZi-¯v X-sâ {]n-b- in-jy-·m-cm-b- am-À]t{Xmkn-sâbpw- am-À- -]u-temkn-sâbpw- \m-a-¯n-Â- H-cp- -tZhm-e-b-¯n-\v Xp-S-¡w- Ip-dn-¡p-hm-³- kÀthi-z-c-³- X-¿m--dm-¡n-bn-cp-¶- Im-ew- A-Xm-bn-cp¶p-. am-À-t¯m½m- a-e-¦-c-bn-Â- kvYm-]n-¨- G-g-c- ]-Ån-I-fn-Â- -s]«- \n-e-bv¡-Â]-Ån-bpsS ]p-\-kvYm-]-\-am-b- I-S-¼-\m-Sv ]-Ån-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- Im-e-{Ia-¯n-Â]n-cn-ªpkvYm-]n-X-am-b-Xm-Wv A-Sq-ÀI-®wtImSv skâv. tXma-kv I-¯o-{U-Â-tZhm-e-bw-. ]-dt¡mSv, G-gw-Ip-fw-, -s\Sp-a-¬-, a-§m-Sv, C-f-a-®q-À- F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn- -s]«- a-e-¦-c- \-kvcm-Wn-I-fpsS G-Im-h-ew-_wZo-À-L-Im-ew- I-®wtImSv ]-Ån-bm-bn-cp-¶p-. Im-Â-\-S-bpw- Im-f-h-ïn-bpw- am{Xw- B-{i-bn-¨n-cp-¶- \-½psS ]q-À-ho-I-À-¡v hn-. Ip-À-ºm-\-, amtamZo-km-, hnhm-lw-, i-h-kw-kvIm-cw- Xp-S-§n- F-Ãm- Iq-Zm-i- A-\p-`-h-§-Ä-¡pw- h-fsc -t¢i-§-Ä- klnt¡ïn-h-¶n-«p-ïv. Iq-SmsX h-b-em-, In-fnt¡mSv, -tX¸p-]m-d-, -sXmSp-h-¡m-Sv ap-X-em-b- h-\-{]tZi-§-fnte¡v \-½psS B-fp-I-Ä- Ir-jn-bn-epw- I-¶p tab-en-epw- hym-]r-X-cm-btXmSv Iq-Sn- A-Sq-cn- Iq-Sn- \-S-¡p-¶-Xn-Â- hn-j-atadn-. Cu- km-lN-cy-¯n-Â- Iq-Sp-X- kuI-cy-{]-Z-am-b- ]-dt¡m-tSm G-gw-Ip-ftam -tI{µ-am-¡n- H-cp- B-cm-[\m-e-bw- D-ïm-h-Wsa¶v Cu- {]tZi-§-fn- -s]«- \-kdm-Wn-I-Ä- A-Xn-bm-bn- B-{K-ln-¨p-.

C-Xn-\m-bn- ]p-¯-³-ho-«n-Â- Ip-ªp-½-³- Io-h-do-Xv ap-X-Â- A-¼n-bn-Â- C-Sn-¨m-ïn- -sIm¨ptImin- hscbp-Å- 70 Ip-Spw-_- aq-¸-·m-À- Iq-Sn- BtemNn-¨t¸mÄ- -tZhm-e-bw- ]-dt¡mSv hm-Wn-PytI{µ-¯n-\v kao-]w- B-I-Ww- F-¶- A-`n-{]m-b-¯n-\v _-etadn-. N-§-\mtÈcn- amÀ-¡-äv I-gn-ªm-Â- {]-kn-²-am-b- hm-Wn-PytI{µ-am-bn-cp-¶p-htÃm ]-dt¡mSv A-\-´-cm-a]p-cw- N-´-. N-´-¡v A-ev]w- -sX¡p-am-dn- Im-Sv ]n-Sn-¨v X-cn-im-bn-In-S-¶- -s\Sp-a-e-¡p-än-

]-dt¡mSv ]-Ån-bpsS in-em-kvYm-]-\-I-À-½w- \n-À-h-ln-¨-Xv X-sâ ]p-kvX-I-¯n-Â]-cn-.]-cp-a-e- Xn-cpta\n- kp-dn-bm-\n-bn-Â- Ip-dn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. I-S-¸m-Sv: ^m-. Ct¿m_v H-. sF-. knF-¶- ]-ïm-c-h-I- ]p-Xp-h-Â- ]m-«w- ]-Xn-ªn-«p-Å- 70 cq-]m- hn-e-a-Xn-¡p-¶90 skâv kvY-ew- kan-Xn- Aw-K-am-b- -tIm-teS-¯v -sNdn-b-bpsS a-I-³- h-doXv A-¼n-bn-ev C-Sn-¨m-ïn-bpsS a-I-³- -sIm¨ptImin-bpsS -t]cn-Â- kan-Xn-¡v -thïn- Zm-\-am-bn- \-evIn-. ]-Ån-¡pthïn- cm-Pm-hn-\v \-evIn-b- l-À-Pn-bpsS hn-Nm-c-W-bv¡v -tijw- -sIm«m-c-¯n-Â- \n-¶v A-\p-h-Zn-¨ l-Pq-dn- \n-¶v 2274 a-Xv \-¼dn-Â- 1072 a-I-c-am-kw- 4--m-w- Xo-b-Xn (January 15, 1897)- F-gp-Xn-b- D-¯-c-hn-³- {]-Imcw- ]-dt¡mSv ]-Ån- F-¶- -t]-tcmSv Iq-Sn- A-Sq-cn-\v In-g-¡p-Å- {]tZi-§-fn-Â- -s]«kp-dn-bm-\n-{In-kvXym-\n-I-Ä-¡v I-À-a-§-Ä- \-S-¯p-hm-\p-Å- A-\p-hm-Zw- e-`n-¨p-. 1072 Ipw-`-am-kw- 7---m-w- (February 17, 1897) Xo-b-Xn- {]-am-Ww- c-Pn-kvä-À- -sNbvXp-. A-¶v a-e¦-c- -sa{Xmt¸meo-¯- B-bn-cp-¶- am-À- Zn-h-¶m-tk-ymkn-sâ I-ev]-\-{]-Im-cw- C-S-h-I- cq]o-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw- ]p-c-bn-S-¯n-sâ a-²y-`m-K-¯m-bn- Xm-Â-Im-en-I- Hm-e-¸p-c- ]-Wn-Xv h-S-¡vIn-g-¡v `m-Kw- ]-¯-Sn- D-b-c-¯n-ev a-®n-«p-b-À-¯n- -sI«n-S-¯n-\v kvY-ew- H-cp-¡p-I-bpw- -sNbvXp-. Xm-a-khn-\m- 1897 -se \m-ev]-Xmw- -shÅn-bm-gv¨- A-¶v -sImÃw- `-{Zm-k\m-[n-]-\m-bncp-¶- ]-. ]-cp-a-e- Xn-cpta\n-bm-Â- ]-. -s]u-semkv Ço-lm-bpsS \m-a-¯n-Â- C-S-h-I-bpsS in-em-kvYm-]-\- I-À-½w- \n-À-h-ln-¡s¸Sp-I-bpw- -sNbvXp-. ]-. ]n-Xm-hn-sâ Im-h-Â-]n-Xm¡-·m-À- Xs¶ Cu- -tZi-\n-hm-kn-I-fm-b- \-½-Ä-¡pw- Im-h-Â-]n-Xm-¡-·m-cm-bn- Xo-À-¶p-. ]-cp-a-e- Xn-cpta\n-bpsS ]-«wsImS- ]p-kvX-I-¯n-Â- Xn-cpta\n- \-S-¯n-b- C-S-h-I- inem-kvYm-]-\- I-À-½-§-fpsS hn-h-c-§-Ä- -tcJs¸Sp-¯n-bn-«p-ïv. _-Y-\n-bnse h-µyCt¿m_v A-¨-³- C-h- kp-dn-bm-\n-bn-Â- \n-¶v hn-h-À-¯-\w- -sNbvXn-«p-ïv. C-Xn-Â- \n-¶pwa-\-kn-em-¡p-¶- {]-Im-cw- ]-dt¡mSv ]-Ån-bpsS I-Ãn-S-Â- I-À-½w- \-S-¶-Xv 1897 -se 40-mw- -shÅn-bm-gv¨- (G-{]n-Â- 16, 1897) B-Wv. C-cp-]-Xp- -tImev \o-f-¯n-Â- ]-{´-ïv -tImev ho-Xn-bn-Â- A-Xn-at\ml-c-am-b- Nn-{X-¸-WnI-fpw- -sshhn-[y-am-À-¶- I-em-cq-]-§tfmSpw- IqsS D-b-À-¶p- \n-Â-¡p-¶- ap-Jt¸mSv Iq-Snb-Xp-am-bn-cp-¶p- {]-Y-a- -tZhm-e-bw-. -s]u-semkv Ço-lm-bpsS -ssI¿n-Â- hn-. -thZ-]p-kvXI-hpw- Aw-i-h-Sn-bpw-, am-em-J-am-À-, ap-´n-cn-¡p-e-I-Ä-, B-«n-³- Ip-«n-I-Ä-, a-Õyw-, A-cn{]m-hp-I-Ä-, F-¶n-§s\ ]-e-hn-[- I-em-cq-]-§-Ä- -sImïv -tKmYn-¡v X-¨p-im-kv{X-¯n-Â]-Wn-Xp-b-À-¯n-b- -tZhm-e-b-¯n-sâ Iq-Zm-i- a-e-¦-c- k`m-`m-kp-c-³- ]-. h-«tÈcn-Â- Koh-À-Ko-kv am-À- Zn-h-¶m--tkymkvv Xn-cpta\n- 1908 hr-Ýn-Iw- 3, 4 (November 18,19 Wed/ Thu) Zn-h-k§-fn-Â- \-S-¯n-. am-À- ]s{Xmkn-sâbpw- am-À- -s]u-semkn-sâbpw- \m-awD-¨-cn-¨m-bn-cn-¡-Ww- ]-. h-«tÈcn-Â- Xn-cpta\n- -tZhm-e-b-¯n-sâ Iq-Zm-im-I-À-½w- \n-Àh-ln-¨n-cn-¡p-I-. A-§s\bm-Wv -tZhm-e-bw- ]-. ]s{Xmkv -s]u-semkv Ço-l-·m-cpsS \m-a-¯n-Â- A-dn-bs¸Sp-hm-³- Xp-S-§n-b-Xv F-¶v hn-Z-K-²-À- A-`n-{]m-bs¸Sp-¶p-. Im-em-´c-¯n-ep-ïm-b- -tXbvam-\-§-fpw- `q-I-¼-§-fpw- -tlXp-hm-bn- -tZhm-e-b-¯n-sâ ]-Sn-ªm-dp`m-Kw- 1950-I-fn-Â- Xm-gv¶p-. A-dp-]-Xp-I-fn-Â- Np-a-cp-I-Ä- hn-ïv hn-Å-ep-I-Ä- h-ep-Xm-bn- s{]uU-am-b- -tZhm-e-bw- \n-ews]m¯pw- F-¶- kvYn-Xn- h-¶p-. ap-J-¸p- ]-g-b-]-Sn- \n-e-\n-À¯n- ]p-\-ഃ{]-Xn-jvTn-¡p-hm-³- B-{K-ln-¨p- F-¦n-epw- km-[n-¨n-Ã-. I-c-bp-¶- Ip-ªp-§sf

B-i-z-kn-¸n-¡p-hm-³- -thïn- A-½-am-À- -sa{Xm-¨s\bpw- am-em-J-amscbpw- Im-Wn-¡p-¶P-´p-Pm-e-§-fpsS ]-Wn- D-Äs¸«- ap-J-¸v 1965-Â- Hm-Sv \n-c-¸n-Â- C-Sn-¨p-I-ftbïn- h-¶p-.

1980-Â- ]-g-b- -tZhm-e-b-¯n-sâ -taÂ-¡q-c- \n-e-\n-À-¯nsImïv hn-. Ko-h-À-Ko-kv kl-ZmbpsSbpw- ]-. ]-cp-a-e- Xn-cpta\n-bpsSbpw- \m-a-¯n-Â- Hmtcm -t{Xm-tWmÊv Iq-Sn- D-Äs¡mfn-¨p- F-«p-e-£t¯mfw- cq-]m- Nn-e-h-gn-¨p- ]-Ån- ]p-Xp-¡n- ]-Wn-Xp-. 1989- \-hw-_-À- 17,18 Xo-b-Xn-I-fn-em-bn- -sImÃw- `-{Zm-k\m-[n-]-\pw- \n-bp-à- ImtXmen-¡m-bpw- B-b- A-`n-. am-Xyqkv am-À Iq-dntemkv, A-`n-. Ko-h-À-Ko-kv am-À- Zo-b-kv-t¡m-tdmkv, A-`n-. am-Xyq-kv am-À F-¸n^m-\ntbmkv F-¶o- ]n-Xm-¡-·m-cm-Â- Iq-Zm-i- \n-À-h-ln-¡s¸«p-. ]-Ån-bpsS ap-³-]nse Ip-cn-ip-½q-Sv, -sImSn-a-cw- F-¶n-h-bpsS ]-Wn-bpw- Cu- Im-e-¯v \n-À-h-ln-¡s¸«p-. 1990Â]-Ån-bpsS h-S-¡v aq-¶-c- skâv kvY-ew- hn-e-bm-[m-cw- hm-§n- H-cp- lm-fv, Hm-^o-kv, In-S-¸pap-dn- F-¶n-h- -tNÀ-¯v H-cp- -sI«n-Sw- \n-À-½n-¨p-. 1995-96 i-Xm-Ðn- h-À-j-am-bn- -sImïm-Sp-Ibpw- ]-. _-tkentbmkv am-Àt¯mam- am-Xyq-kv Z-zn-Xo-b-³- ImtXmen-¡m- _m-hm- -tZhm-e-bs¯ h-en-b-]-Ån-bm-bn- {]-Jym-]n-¡p-I-bpw- -sNbvXp-. i-Xm-Ðn- kvam-c-I-am-bn- ]-Ån-¡v In-g-¡v 10 skâv h-kvXp- hm-§n- 3 \n-e-bn-Â- i-Xm-Ðn- a-µn-cw- ]-Wn-bp-hm-³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-I-bpw-, H-cp- \n-e- ]-Wn-I-gn-¸n-¡p-I-bpw- -sNbvXp-. ho-ïpw- C-Xnt\mSv -tNcv¶v 97.5 skâv kvYew- Iq-Sn- hn-e-bm-[m-cw- hm-§n-. 2019-Â- C-S-h-I- -sa{Xmt¸meo-¯- A-`n-. kJ-dn-bm-kv am-À At{]w- Xn-cpta\n-bpsS A-²y-£-X-bn-Â- Iq-Sn-b- -s]mXptbmKw- ]-Ån- ]p-Xp-¡n- ]-Wn-bphm-³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-. {]m-cw-`-L-«- {]-h-À¯-\-§-Ä- ]ptcmK-an-¡p-¶p-.

B-Zy-Im-e- hn-Im-cn-amsc Ip-dn-¨v Iq-Sp-X-Â- hn-h-cw- C-Xv hscbpw- e-`y-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã-.

F-¦n-epw- C-S-h-I- bp-h-P-\-{]-kvYm-\-¯n-sâ N-cn-{Xmt\yj-Ww- A-Sq--À Im-ªn-c-¡m«v Ip-Spw-_-¯n-ev {io-. -sI.-sP. -tPmWnse¯p-I-bpw- -ssZh-Ir-]-bm-Â- At±l-¯n-sâ -tiJ-c-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- ]-. ]-cp-a-e- Xn-cpta\n- ]-dt¡mSv ]-ÅntbmK-¯n-\v A-b-¨- B-ZyIm-e- I-ev]-\-I-fn-Â- Nn-e-Xv I-ïp-In-«p-I-bpw- -sNbvXp-. 1897 -taSw- 18 (April 29) \pXp-¼-a-¬- ]-Ån-bn-Â- \n-¶p- A-b-¨- I-ev]-\-bn-Â- Im-Wp-¶-{]-Im-cw- ]-dt¡mSv -tZhme-b-¯n-Â- B-Zy-Im-e-¯n-Â- ip-{iq-jn-¨- -sshZo-I-À- X-e-¸-Ån-bm-b- I-Wt¦mSv ]-Ånbn-Â- A-¶v B-ÚvPm-\p-kc-Ww- \-S-¶n-cp-¶- Im-ªn-c-¡m-«v h-µy- Ko-h-À-¤o-kv I-¯-\m-À-, Nnsäg¯v h-µy- -tImcp-Xv I-¯-\m-À-, Im-ªn-c-¡m-«v h-µy- a-¯m-bn- I-¯-\m-À(Ko-h-À-Ko-kv I-¯-\m-cpsS a-I-³-), -sIm¶-bn-Â- h-µy- ]o-ent¸mkv I-¯-\m-À- F-¶n-h-cm-Wv. ]-. Xn-cpta\n-bpsS I-ev]-\-bn-Â- Im-Wp-¶- ]p-¯-³-ho-«n-Â- kvI-dn-b- -si½m-Èv ]n-¶o-Sv kvI-dn-bm- I-¯-\m-cm-bn- C-S-h-I-bn-Â- tkh-\w- A-\p-jvTn-¨-Xm-bn- \-½psS ]q-À-Æ-]n-Xm-¡·m-À- Hm-À-¡p-¶p-. Cu- h-µy- -sshZo-I-À-¡v -tijw- ]p-¯q-À- h-«-bvIm-«v h-µy- bt¡m_v I-¯-\m-cpw- (A-`n-. A-e-Ivkntbmkv am-À- -sbutk_ntbmkv -sa{Xmt¸meo-¯m-bpsS ]n-Xr-k-tlmZ-c-\m-Wv) C-S-h-I-bn-Â- tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-¨n-«p-ïv. 1930-I-fn-Â- C-S-h-I-s]mXptbmKw- Iq-Sp-I-bpw- A-¶v {]m-bm-[n-Iy-¯n-Â- B-bn-cp-¶- Im-ªn-c-¡m-«v h-µy- a-¯mbn- I-¯-\msc klm-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- C-S-h-I-bn-Â- \n-¶p- -s]mbvIta-teXn-Â- ]n-. sF-. am-À-t¡mkns\bpw- G-gw-Ip-fw- h-ey-¯v ^o-ent¸mkns\bpw- -sshZo-I-]-T-\-¯n-\m-bnA-b-¡p-hm-³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-. Xm-a-kw-hn-\m- asämcp- -s]mXptbmKw- I-Sp-hn-\m-Â- -sI. Hm-.

-tXma-kns\bpw- B-äp-hmtÈcn-Â- kn-.]n-. am-Xyq-kns\bpw- -sshZo-I-]-T-\-¯n-\m-bn- A-b¡p-I-bp-ïm-bn-. -]u-tcmln-Xy-]-Z-hn-bnte¡v- tNÀ-¡s¸«- h-µy- a-Àt¡mkv I-¯-\m-À- kml-N-cy-h-im-Â- B- Im-es¯ a-e-¦-c-I-£n- h-g-¡n-Â- -s]«v A-¶s¯ ]m-{Xn-b-À-¡n-kv ]-£-¯p- \n-esIm-tÅï-Xm-bn- h-¶p-. am-XrtZhm-e-b-¯n-Â- ip-{iq-j- \-S-¯p-hm-³- km-[n¡msX h-¶- Cu- km-l-N-cy-¯n-Â- C-S-hm-Imw-K-§-fn-Â- Nn-e-À- AtZl-¯n-\v I-À-½m-Zn-I-Ä\-S-¯p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- -sX¡v `m-K-¯m-bn- 1939-Â- Nm-¸-Â- ]-Wn-Xp-. 1958 -se k`m- kam-[m-\ s¯ Xp-S-À-¶v am-Àt¡mkv A-¨-\pw- Iq-«-cpw- Hm-Àt¯m-tUmIvkv k`-bn-Â- -sImÃw- `-{Zm-k \m-[n-]-sâ Io-gn-Â- am-À- At{]w- Hm-Àt¯m-tUmIvkv ]-Ån- F-¶- -t]cn-Â- C-S-h-I-bm-bn\n-esImÅp-I-bpw- -sNbvXp-. -tijw- At±lw- am-Xr- C-S-h-I-bpsS B-ßo-b- -s`uXo-I- Imcy-§-fn-Â- kl-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw- -sNbvXp- -t]m¶p-. C-S-h-I- ]-«-¡m-cm-bn- h-ey-¯v h-µy- ^n-ens¸mkv A-¨-³-, B-äp-hmtÈcn-Â- h-µy- Zn-hy-{io- kn-.]n-. am-Xyq-kv -tImÀ- F-¸n-kv-tIm¸- A-¨-³-, I-Sp-hn-\m-Â- -sI. Hm-. -tXma-kv A-¨-³- F-¶n-h-À- ip-{iq-jn-¨p-. h-ey-¯v A-¨-\pw- (]-dt¡mSv ]-Ån-bn-Â- h-¨v) B-äp-hmticn-Â- A-¨-\pw- (I-Wt¦mSv ]-Ån-bn-Â- h-¨v 1940 Sept 14 \p-) ]-. Ko-h-À-Ko-kv Z-zn-Xo-b-³- _m-hm- Xn-cpta\n-bpw- I-Sp-hn-\m-Â- A-¨-\v- ]m-¼m-Sn- Ip-dn-bmt¡mkv am-À- {KotKmdntbmkv Xn-cpta\n-bpw- (1941 G-{]n-Â- 25 \p- ]-Å-¯v ]-Ån-bn-Â- h-¨v) B-Wv ]-«w- \-evIp-¶-Xv. Cu- h-µy- -sshZo-I-À- C-ltemI- hm-kw- -shSn-ªp- \n-Xy-X-bn-Âhn-{i-an-¡p-¶p-. ]-. a-Zv_-lmtbmSv -tNÀ-¶v -sX¡v h-i-¯v I-Ã-d-I-Ä- kvYn-Xn- -sN¿p¶p-. C-S-h-I- ]-«-¡m-À-¡v -tijw- ]-¯v -sshZo-I-À- -tZhm-e-b-¯n-Â- hn-Im-cn-am-cm-bn-

]-. ]-cp-a-e- Xn-cpta\n- ]-dt¡mSv ]-ÅntbmK-¯n-\p- A-b-¨- B-Zy-I-ev]-\-I-fn-Â- H-¶v.

I-S-¸m-Sv: K. J. John, Im-ªn-c-¡m-«v

tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-¨n-«p-ïv \n-c-Ww- a-«-bv¡-Â- h-µy- D-½-³- A-¨-³- (Im-ew- -sNbvXA-`n-. A-e-Ivkntbmkv am-À- -sX-thm-tZmtk-ymkv Xn-cpta\n-bpsS ]n-Xr-k-tlmZc-³sd -sIm¨p-a-I-³-) Ct¸mÄ- hn-Im-cn-bm-bn- tkh-\w- A-\p-jvTn-¡p-¶p-. A-Sqcn-\v In-g-¡v At\Iw- -tZhm-e-b-§-fpsS am-XrtZh-e-bw- Iq-Sn- B-Wv ]-dt¡mSv h-en-b-]-Ån-. ]-dt¡mSv am-À- At{]w-, G-gw-Ip-fw- h-S-¡v skâv. -taco-kv, a-§m-Sv skâv. -taco-kv, -sXmSp-h-¡m-Sv skâv. -taco-kv, ]-«m-gn-ap-¡v am-À- {KotKmdntbmkv, am-¦q-«wskâv. -tPmÀ-Öv F-¶o- -tZhm-e-b-§-fpsS am-XrtZhm-e-bw- B-Wv ]-dt¡mSv h-en-b-]-Ån-. ]-. ]-cp-a-e- Xn-cpta\n-bpsS \m-a-¯n-Â- C-S-h-I-bpsS ap-¼n-epw-, -tIm«-ap-I-fn-epw-, Nnc-Wn-¡-epw- B-bn- aq-¶p- Ip-cn-i-Sn-I-fpw- hn-. -ssZh-am-Xm-hn-sâ \m-a-¯n-Â- ]-cp-¯n¸m-d- Ip-cn-i-Sn- F-¶n-§s\ C-S-h-I-bptSXm-bn- -tZi-¯n-sâ \m-ep-`m-K-§-fn-em-bn- -ssZh\m-a- a-l-X-z-¯n-\p- Ip-cn-i-Sn-I-Ä- \n-esImÅp-¶p-. C-S-h-I-bn-Â- {]m-À-°-\m-kw-L-§-Ä-, kp-hntij-kw-Lw-, a-À-¯-a-dn-bw- kam-Pw-, MGOCSM, ip-{iq-jm-kw-Lw-, kWv-tUkvIq-Äap-X-em-b- F-Ãm- B-ßo-b- {]-kvYm-\-§-fpw- `w-Kn-bm-bn- \-S-¶p-h-cp-¶p-. bp-h-P-\-{]-kvYm\w- 1952 Â- kvYm-]n-X-am-bn-. am-cm-a-¬- kztZin-bm-b- -tImin- km-À- B-Wv A-Xn-\p- Np-¡m-³]n-Sn-¨-Xv. Xp-S-À-¶v ]-dt¡mSv {]-`m-Xv {K-u-ïv -tI{µo-I-cn-¨v bp-h-P-\-{]-kvYm-\-¯n-sâ B-`n-ap-Jy-¯n-Â- B-cw-`n-¨- ]-dt¡mSv I-¬h³-j-³- G-gv ]-Xn-äm-ïv ]n-¶n-«n-cn-¡p-¶p-.

125-m-w- Pq-_n-en- BtLmjn-¡p-¶- Cu- -thf-bn-Â- I-gn-ª- Ht¶Im-Â- \q-äm-ïv Cu- -tZhme-b-¯n-\m-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-¨- F-Ãm- ]q-À-Æ-]n-Xm-¡-·m--tcbpw- {]tXyIw- kva-cn-¡p-¶p-. h-cpw- Im-e§-fn-Â- -ssZh-\m-a- a-l-X-z-¯n-\m-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-hm-³-, At\Isc {In-kvXptbip-hnte¡v B-L-À-jn-¡p-hm-³ , Cu- -tZi-¯p- F-§pw- a-etaÂ- -tim`n-¡p-¶- \-K-cw- I-Ws¡ {]-Im-i-am-bnhn-f-§p-hm-³- \-½-Ä-¡pw- \-½psS h-cpw- X-e-ap-d-bv¡pw- km-[n-¡s«. B-b-Xv -ssZh-am-Xmhm-b- hn-. I-\y-I-a-dn-bmw- A-½-bpsSbpw- \-½psS Im-h-Â-]n-Xm-¡-·m-cm-b- am-À- -tXmam-bpsSbpwam-À- ]t{Xmkn-sâbpw- am-À- -s]u-semkn-sâbpw- a-e-¦-c-bpsS ]-cn-ip-²-·m-cm-b- am-À- {KotKm dntbmkn-sâbpw- am-À- Zn-h-¶m-tk-ymknsâbpw- a-²y-kvY-X-bn-Â- A-`-bw-{]m-]n-¨p- -sImïv Xs¶.

References i-Xm-Ðn- kva-c-Wn-I-, ]-dt¡mSv h-en-b-¸-Ån-, 1996 Church Directory, Parakode Valiyapalli, 2004, 2009, 2014 am-À- {KotKmdntbmkv -sa{Xmt¸meo-¯-, MOC Publications, 2019 I-S-¸m-Sv Fr. Ct¿mºv OIC _-Y-\n-, Fr. Dr. am-Xyp- hÀ-ko-kv, Fr. D-½-³ - a-«-bv¡-Â, tUm. Fw-. Ip-cy-³- -tXma-kv, {io-. Un-. Ko-h-À-Ko-kv a-§m-«p-Xp-ïn-Â-, {io-. -sI. -sP. -tPm¬-, Im-ªn-c-¡m-«v Cu- e-Jp- N-cn-{Xw- X-¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn-Â- C-S-h-I-bnsebpw- kao-]- C-S-h-I-I-fnsebpw- am-Xm]n-Xm-¡-Ä-, k-tlmZ-c-§-Ä- ]-e-cpw- klm-bn-¨n-«p-ïv. kvY-e-]-cn-an-Xn- aq-ew- G-h-cpsS bpw- -t]-cv D-Äs¸Sp-¯m-³- km-[n-¡m-¯-Xn-Â- -tJZn-¡p-¶p-. hn-h-c-§-Ä- \-Â-In- klm-bn-¨F-htcmSpap-Å- \-µn- A-dn-bn-¡p-¶p-.

X-¿m-dm-¡n-b-Xv: St. Paul's OCYM \p- -thïn- Bibin Baby John, Thattackattu

ap-³- hn-Im-cn-am-ÀNnsäg-¯v -tImcp-Xv I-¯-\m-cpsS -t^m-t«m e-`y-am-bn-«n-Ã-

Rev. Fr. Ko-h-À-Ko-kv

Rev. Fr. a-¯m-bn-

Im-ªn-c-¡m-«v A-Sq-À-

Im-ªn-c-¡m-«v A-Sq-À-

Rev. Fr. -sI.-sP

-tbm\mI-f-cn-bv¡m-«v (I-S-¼-\m-Sv)

Rev. Fr.hn-.Pn-.-

tPm¬Np-\-¡-c

kvI-dn-bm- Rev. Fr. bmt¡m_v h-«-bv¡m-Sv ]p-¯-³-ho-«n-Â(]p-¯q-À-) A-Sq-À-

Rev. Fr. ]o-ent¸mkv Rev. Fr.

-sIm¶-bn-Â A-Sq-À-

V. Rev. am-Xyq-kv Fr. kn. -tXma-kv X-«m-cp-¯p-ïn-ÂAd ] pc b n-Â-(A-Sq-À-) (]p-¯q-À-)

V. Rev. Fr. F-.Um-\ntbÂ- Rev. Fr.

s\Sn-b-Im-em-bn-Â(I-S-¼-\m-Sv)

Rev. Fr. -tPm¬V. Rev. Fr. ]n-.Pn-.

V. Rev. Fr. -tPm¬-. Rev. Fr. ^n-ens¸mkv Rev. Fr. -tP¡-_v h-À-Ko-kv N-cp-hn-f-bn-ÂtIminIp-cy-³- ¹mw-Im-em-bn-Â- kn-.h-À-Ko-kv X-S-¯n-Â(B-\-µ-]-Ån-) Cu-g-I-¯v (]-«m-gn-) (I-S-¼-\m-Sv) \o-e-¯m-gn-I-¯v (]p-¯q-À-) (Xp-h-bq-À-)

B-iw-kItfm-sS. . .

a-À-¯-a-dn-bw- kam-Pw-, {]m-À-°-\mtbmKwMGOCSM, AMOSS

_m-e-kam-Pw-, k¬tU kvIq-Ä-

hn-. -thZ-]p-kvX-I-¯n-Â- {]tXyIn-¨v ]-g-b-\n-b-a-¯n-Â-ss{IkvX-h- -tZhm-e-b-¯n-sâ hn-hn-[- {]-Xo-I-§-fpwkw-`-h-§-fpw- Im-Wp-hm-³- I-gn-bpw-.

bmt¡m_n-\p- D-ïm-b- Z-À-i-\w]q-À-Æ-]n-Xm-hm-bbmt¡m_v \m-«n-\n-À-¯nA-`ntjIw- -sNbvX- in-e- (D-ev]-¯n- 28:18) -tZhm-e-b¯n-sâ ap-³-Ip-dn-bm-bn-cp-¶p-.- bmt¡m_v H-cp- kvYe-¯v F-¯n-bt¸mÄ- kq-cy-³- A-kvX-an-¡sImïv B- kvY-es¯ I-Ãp-I-fn-Â- Hs¶Sp-¯v X-e-b-W-bmbn- h-¨v In-S-¶p-d-§n-. A-h-³- H-cp- kz-]v\w- I-ïp.

C-Xm- `q-an-bn-Â- h-¨n-cn-¡p-¶- H-cp- -tKm-thWn-. A-Xn-sâ X-e- kz-À-¤t¯mfw- F-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-. -ssZh-¯n-sâ Zq-X-·m-À- A-Xn-Â-Iq-Sn- I-b-dp-I-bpw- C-d-§p-I-bp-am-bncp-¶p-. bmt¡m_v D-d-¡-ap-W-À-¶p-, ""btlmh- Cu- kvYe-¯p-ïv kXyw-. Rmt\m A-X-dn-ªn-Ã-. Cu- kvY-ewF-{X- `-b-¦-cw. C-Xp- -ssZh-¯n-sâ B-e-b-a-ÃmsX asäm¶p-a-Ã-. C-Xp- kz-À-¤-¯n-sâ hm-Xn-Â- Xt¶'' -F¶p- ]-d-ªp- A-h-³- `-bs¸«p-. H-cp- -tZhm-e-b-¯n-sâ khntij-X-I-Ä- C-hnsS \-ap-¡v Z-À-in-¡mw-. -ssZhkm-¶n-²y-ap-Å- kvY-ew-, kz-À-¤-hpw- `q-an-bpw- X-½n-Â_-Ôs¸«n-cn-¡p-¶- kvY-ew-, kz-À-¤-¯nte¡p-Å- hm-Xnem-b- kvY-ew-.

hn-. -tZhm-e-bw-: kz-À-¤-¯nte¡p-Å - hm-Xn-Â

-ss{IkvX-h- -tZhm-e-bw^nent¸mkv d-¼m-³-tPymXn-Êv B-{i-aw-, cm-P-kvYm-³(A-l-½-Zm_m-Zv `-{Zm-k\w-)

D-ïm-bn-cp-¶p-. hn-ip-²-kvY-e-¯v B-Is« [q-]-]o-T-hpw-, Im-gvNb-¸-¯n-sâ -tai-bpw- X-¦-hn-f-¡v F-¶n-h-bpw-. Iq-Sm-c-¯n-\p- Npäpw- Xp-d-Êm-bn- In-S-¶n-cp-¶- kvY-e-am-Wv {]m-Im-cw-.

ko-\m-bv a-e-

b-cp-itew- -tZhm-e-bw-

-ssZhw- C-d-§n-h-¶- ko-\m-bv a-e-bv¡v Xp-ey-am-Wv -tZhme-b-¯nse hn-. a-Zv_-lm-. P-\w- ]-À-Æ-X-¯nte¡v I-b-dm-Xn-cn-¡p-hm-\pw- A-Xn-sâ A-Sn-hm-cw- kv]-Àin-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-hm-\p-am-bn- -thensI«n- kq-£n-¨-Xp t]m-se a-Zv_-lm-bv¡pw- P-\w- \n-Â-¡p-¶- {]m-Im-c¯n-\pw- C-S-bn-ep-Å- kvY-ew- (-sIkv{Xq-am-) A-gn-I-fm-Â-thÀ-Xn-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-. ]m-f-b-¯n-\p- ]p-d-¯v P-\w- \n-ebp-d-¸n-¨n-cp-¶- a-e-bpsS A-Sn-hm-c-¯n-\p- Xp-ey-am-Wv -tZhm-e-b-¯n-sâ -ssl¡-em--. bn-kd-m-tbÂ- P-\-¯n\pthïn- -tami- a-e-bn-Â- a-²y-kvY-{]m-À-°-\- \-S-¯n-bXpt]m-se ]-«-¡m-c-³- a-Zv_-lm-bn-Â- \n-¶psImïv hni-zm-kn-I-Ä-¡pthïn- -ssZht¯mSv {]m-À-°n-¡p-¶p-.

-ssZh-km-¶n-²y-¯n-sâ {]-Xo-I-am-bn-cp-¶p- \n-b-as]«-Iw-. Zm-ho-

kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-cw-tZhm-e-b-¯n-sâ asämcp- \n-g-em-bn-cp-¶p- kam-K-a-\-IqSm-cw-. P-\-¯n-sâ a-[y-¯n-Â- hkn-¡-Wsa¶p-Å- B-{Klw- aq-ew- -ssZhw- Im-Wn-¨psImSp-¯- am-Xr-I-{]-Im-cwB-Wv Iq-Sm-c-hpw- A-Xnse D-]-I-c-W-§-fpw- \n-À-½n-¨-Xv (]p-d- 25:8--9). kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-¯n-\p- A-Xn-hn-ip-²kvY-esa¶pw- hn-ip-²-kvY-esa¶pw- {]m-Im-csa¶pw- aq¶v `m-K-§-fp-ïm-bn-cp-¶p-. a-lm-]ptcmln-X-\v am-{Xta A-Xn-hn-ip-²-kvY-e-¯v {]thi-\-ap-Åp- . hn-ip-²-kvYe-¯v ]ptcmln-X-À-¡v am-{X-hpw- A-Xn-hn-ip-²-kvY-e¯v \n-b-as¸«-I-hpw- Ir-]m-k\-hpw- -sIcq-_p-I-fpw-

b-cp-itew- -tZhm-e-b-¯n-\pw- A-Xn-hn-ip-²-kvY-ew-, hnip-²-kvY-ew-, A-Is¯ {]m-Im-cw-, ]p-ds¯ {]m-Im-cwF-¶n-§s\ \m-ep- `m-K-§-Ä- D-ïm-bn-cp-¶p-. A-Xn-hn-ip²-kvY-e-¯v \n-b-as]«-I-hpw-, Ir-]m-k\-hpw- A-Xn-·osX -sIcq-_p-I-fp-ap-ïm-bn-cp-¶p-. hn-ip-²-kvY-e-¯v I-h-c-hnf-¡v, Im-gvN-b-¸-¯n-sâ -tai-, [q-]-]o-Tw- F-¶n-h- D-ïmbn-cp-¶p-. A-Is¯ {]m-Im-c-¯n-Â- Xm-{a-bm-K-]o-T-hpw-, Xm-{asXm«n-bpw- D-ïm-bn-cp-¶p-. ]p-ds¯ {]m-Im-c-¯n-ÂF-Ãm-h-À-¡pw- {]thi-\w- D-ïm-bn-cp-¶p-. item-tam³- cmPm-hv \n-À-½n-¨- Cu- -tZhm-e-bw- F-Ãm- {In-kvXo-b- -tZhm-eb-§-fpsSbpw- ap-³-Ip-dn-bm-Wv.

Zv cm-Pm-hv Cu- -s]«-Iw- Zm-ho-Zn-sâ \-K-c-am-b- b-cp-iteante¡v -sImïp-h-¶v H-cp- Iq-Sm-c-¯n-Â- kvYm-]n-¨p-. Xm-³- -tZh-Zm-cp sImïp-Å- at\ml-c-am-b- -sIm«m-c-¯n-Â- h-kn-¡pt¼mÄ- -ssZh¯nsâ -s]«-Iw- Iq-Sm-c-¯n-Â- C-cn-¡p-¶p-. B-b-XpsImïv btlmh-bv¡v h-kn-¡p-hm-³- at\ml-c-am-b- H-cp- -tZhm-ebw- ]-Wn-b-Wsa¶v Zm-ho-Zv cm-Pm-hv B-{K-ln-¨p-. F-¶m-ÂA-Xv ]-Wn-bp-hm-\p-Å- A-\p-hm-Zw- Zm-ho-Zn-sâ a-I-\m-bitem-tam\m-Wv \-Â-In-b-Xv. item-tam³- b-cp-itean-Â- X-sâ ]n-Xm-hm-b- Zm-ho-Zn-\v -ssZhw- {]-Xy-£s¸«- -tamdn-bm- ]-À-Æ-X¯n-Â-, b-_q-ky-\m-b- H-À-¶m-sâ -saXn-¡-f-¯n-Â- (b-_qky-\m-b- A-c-hv\m- F-¶v H-À-¶m-sâ -t]cv Im-Wp-¶p2 i-ap-. 24:16--24) Zm-ho-Zv H-cp-¡n-bn-cp-¶- kvY-e-¯v btlmhbpsS B-e-bw- ]-Wn-Xp- (2 Zn-\-. 3:1). {In-kvXo-bhn-i-zm-kwA-\p-kcn-¨v -ssZhwB-Zmans\ kw-kv¡-cn-¨-Xpw-, aÂ-¡o-k-tZ¡v A-¸-hpw- hoªpw- Im-gvN-b-W-¨v ]-utcmln-Xyw- \n-À-Æ-ln-¨- Kmth Xm-gvhc-bpw- A-{_-lmw- X-sâ a-I-³- bn-klm-¡ns\ _-en- A-À-¸n-¨- -tamdn-bm- a-e-bpw- -ssZh-Zq-X-³- {]-Xy-£s]«v bm-K-]o-Tw]-Wn-bp-hm-³B-h-iys¸«-tamdnbm- ]-À-Æ-X-¯nse b-_q-ky-\m-b- H-À-¶m-sâ -saXn¡-f-hpwF-Ãmw-Xs¶ CukvY-e-¯m-bn-cp-¶p-.

A-hnsSbm-Wv item-tam³- b-cp-itew- -tZhm-e-bw- ]-Wn-X-Xv.

ko-\m-bv a-e-bn-Â- -ssZhw- Im-Wn-¨psImSp-¯kz-À-¤o-b-sbcp-iteansâ am-Xr-I-bn-em-Wv -tami- kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-hpw- AtX am-Xr-I- kzo-Icn-¨m-Wv item-tam³- b-cp-itew- -tZhm-e-b-hpw- ]-Wn-I-gn¸n-¨-Xv. kam-K-a-\- Iq-Sm-c-¯n-\pw- b-cp-itew- -tZhm-e-b¯n-\pw- A-Xn-hn-ip-²-kvY-ew-, hn-ip-²-kvY-ew-, A-Is¯ {]m-Im-cw-, ]p-ds¯ {]m-Im-cw- F-¶n-§s\ \m-ep- `m-K§-Ä- D-ïm-bn-cp-¶p-. CtX am-Xr-I-bn-Â- {In-kvXo-b- -tZhme-b-§-Ä-¡pw- a-Zv_-lm-, -sIkv{Xq-am-, -ssl¡-em-, ]q-apJw- F-¶n-§s\ \m-ep- `m-K-§-Ä- D-ïv. a-Zv_-lm- kz-À-¤-¯n-sâ {]-Xo-I-am-Wv. `q-an-bnse kz-À-¤-am-bnI-W-¡m-¡s¸Sp-¶-XpsImïm-Wv a-Zv_-lm- ]-Ån-bpsS In-g-¡v `m-K-¯v a-äp- `m-K-§ sf¡m-Ä- D-b-c-¯n-Â- ]-Wn-bp-¶-Xv. kz-À-¤o-b- B-cm-[\-bpw- `-u-an-I- B-cm-[-\-bpw- H-¯ptNcp-¶- kvY-e-am-Wv a-Zv_-lm-. b-cp-itew- -tZhm-e-b-¯n--sâ hn-ip-²- kvY-e¯n-\p- kam-\-am-Wv -sIkv{Xqam. km-[m-c-W- -ssl¡em-bn-Â- \n-¶v H-cp-]-Sn- D-b-À-¶m-bn-cn-¡pw- -sIkv{Xqam.

-ssl¡-em- F-¶- kp-dn-bm-\n- ]-Z-¯n-\v B-cm-[-\m-kvYew- F-¶m-Wv A-À-°w-. B-Zn-a-k`-bn-Â- kv\m-\w- G-¡p-hm-³- B-{K-ln-¡p-¶- hn-i-zm-k]-Tn-Xm-¡-Ä-¡pthïn-thÀ-Xn-cn-¨n-cp-¶- kvY-e-am-Wv ]q-ap-Jw-. a-\p-jys\bpw- -ssZhs¯bpw- X-½n-Â- Iq-«ntbmPn¸n-¡p-¶- kvY-e-am-Wv A-h-sâ -tZhm-e-bw-. ]-cn-ip²-\m-b- ]-utemkv Ço-lm- hn-. -tZhm-e-bs¯ a-\p-jyi-co-c-am-bn- D-]-an-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-."\n-§-Ä- -ssZh-¯n--sâ a-µn-csa¶pw- -ssZh-¯n--sâ B-ßm-hv \n-§-fn-Â- h-kn¡p-¶p- F-¶pw- A-dn-bp-¶n-Ãtbm? -ssZh-¯n--sâ a-µncw- \-in-¸n-¡p-¶-hs\ -ssZhw- \-in-¸n-¡pw-. -ssZh-¯nsâ a-µn-cw- hn-ip-²-atÃm. \n-§-fpw- A-§s\ Xs¶' (1 -sImcn-. 3:16--17). \-½psS i-co-c-am-Ip-¶- -ssZh-¯n-sâ B-e-bw- a-\p-jysâ A-²-zm-\-am-b- \-½psS -tZhm-e-b-§sfbpw- -ssZh-¯n-sâ km-¶n-²yw- Z-À-in-¡p-¶- hn-. B-e-b§-fm-bn- \-ap-¡v kw-c-£n-¡mw-.

B-ap-Jw-

Hm-À-¯tUmIvkn- : B-g-¯nse B-ßo-b- A-\p-`q-Xn-

hn-ip-²- -thZ-]p-kvX-Iw- \-Â-Ip-¶- ]Z-§-fn-Â\n-¶pw- cq-]t`Zw- h-cp-¯n- ]-e- -t]cp-I-Ä- \n-ehn-Â- h-cm-dp-ïv. F-¶m-Â- AtX ]-Z-§-fpwD-]tbmKn-¡p-¶- ]-Ým-¯-e-§-fpw- Im-Wmw-.

-tbip- i-a-cy- kv{XotbmSv \-S-¯p-¶- kw-`mj-W-¯n-Â- a-e-bnse B-cm-[-\-bn- {]m-[m\yw- I-ï- i-a-cy- kv{XotbmSv -tbip- \-Â-Ip-¶hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-¯nse hm-¡m-Wv kXy-\-a-kvImcn-I-Ä-. Asæn-Â- b-Ym-À-°- \-a-kvIm-cn-I-Ä(hn-.-tbml-¶m-³- 4 : 23). C-Xn-sâ {Ko-¡v ]-Z-amWv Hm-À-¯tUmIvkv. A-Xv-sImïv Xs¶ A-Xn-\v \mw- Im-Wp-¶- -sNdn-b- A-À-°-a-Ã- D-Å-Xv. Hm-À-¯tUmIvkn- : khntij-X-I-ÄB-g-¯n-Â- C-d-§m-³- am-{Xw- khntij-X-I-Äa-\-kn-em-¡n- F-Sp-¡p-hm-³- I-gn-bp-¶- Hm-À¯tUmIvkn--bpsS Nn-e- hn-i-Zo-I-c-§-Ä- ]-cn-anXn-I-fn-Â- \n-¶psImïv Xs¶ \n-À-h-ln-¡s«.

^m-. dn-©p- ]n- -tImin-sshZo-I- kw-Lw- sk{I-«-dn(A-Sq-À -I-S-¼-\m-Sv `-{Zm-k\w-)

2. _-Ô-§-fpsS D-jva-f-Xsb {I-am-Xo-X-am-bn- \n-e-\n-À-¯p-hm-\pwHm-Àt¯m-tUmIvkn- h-gnsXfn-¡p-¶p{In-kvXp-hn-sâ Ip-cn-in-eqsS -shfns¸Sp-¯n-¡n-«n-b- c-ïp- _-Ô-§-Äh-fsc {]m-[m-\yw- A-À-ln-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. kr-ãm-hpw- kr-ãn-I-fpw- X-½nep-Å- _-Ô-hpw- kr-ãn-I-Ä- ]-c-kv]-c-ap-Å- _-Ô-hpw- B-h-iy-an-Ãm¯-Xns\ H-gn-hm-¡p-hm-\pw- B-h-iy-ap-Å-Xns\ B-g-¯n-em-¡p-hm\pw- Hm-À-¯tUmIvkv hn-i-zm-kw- Ct¸mgpw- {i-an-¡p-¶p-. k-t´mj¯n-sâ ]m-c-ay-¯n-Â- -ssZh-¯n-sâ kv-t\lw- a-\-kn-em-¡n- \n-¡p-¶- ]-e- B-cm-[-\m-Ko-X-§-fpsSbpw- A-À-°-¯n-Â- \ym-b-hn-[n-bpwkz-À-¤-hpw- \-c-I-hpw- ]-Tn-¸n-¡m-³- {i-an-¡p-¶p-ïv. kz-bw- A-l-¦-cn-¡msX `-b-`-àntbm-sS -ssZh-km¶n-[y-¯n-epwkv-t\lm-Z-c-§tfm-sS k-tlmZ-c-§tfmSpw- C-Ss]SWsa¶p- hyà-am-¡p-I-bm-Wv. ]-et¸mgpw- kaq-l-¯nte¡v C-S-I-e-À-¶p1. A-Sn-kvYm-\w- -sh¨p-am-{Xw- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶h-kn-¡p-¶- C-X-c- hn-i-zm-kkw-Kn-X-I-fn-Â- \n-¶v Cu- X-z-¯-§sf hn-i-zm-k ]m-c-¼-cy-am-Wv B-Zn-a- \q-äm-ïn-Â-¯s¶ A-Sn-kvYm-\w- hy-à- -thÀ-Xn-cn-¨p- a-\-kn-em-¡p-hm-³- hn-i-zm-kn-I-Ä-¡v h-gnsXfn-¡p-¶-h-Àam-¡m-\pw- -sXäm-b- D-]tZi-§sf A-I-äp-hm- ¡v km-[n-¡p-¶n-Ã- F-¶-Xv H-cp- ]-c-a-am-b- kXy-am-Wv. \pw- I-gn-ª-Xn-\m-Â- hy-à-amsbmcp- A-Sn¯-d- C-Xn-\p- D-ïv F-¶v ]-d-bp-hm-\pw- I-gn-bpw-. 3. A-À-l-am-b-Xns\Ãmw- D-Nn-X-am-b- kvYm-\w- \-evIn-«p-Å- ]m-c-¼-cy-am-Wv -temIw- ap-gp-h-\n-epw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡s¸«-Xpw- Hm-À-¯tUmIvknAt¸mkv-tXme-·m-cm-ÂkvYn-Xo-I-cn-¡-s¸«- Xn-cp-h-N-\- ]-T-\-hpw- [ym-\-hpw- A-\p-Zn-\- I-À-½-§-fpsS `m-K-am-¡Xpw{]-Jym-]n-¡s¸«n-«p-Å-Xp-am-bA-Sn- Ww- F-¶v ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xnt\m-sSm¸w- Xs¶ k`-bpsS ]-Ým-¯¯-d-bm-Wv C-Xn-\p- D-Å-Xv. \n-c-´-c-am-b- e-¯n-Â- -ssZhm-ß- -t{]cn-X-am-b- ]n-Xm-¡-·m-cm-Â- c-Nn-¡s¸«-Xm{]m-À-°-\tbmSpw- [ym-\-¯n-sâbpw- ]-T-\-¯n-sâ Wv Xn-cp-h-N-\sa¶p- ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-hm-\pw- Hm-À-¯tUmIvkn- a-d-¶n-Ã-. bpw- ]-Ým-¯-e-¯n-Â- At¸mkv-tXme-·m-À-¡pw-, F-gp-Xs¸«-Xv ]-cn-an-X-am-b-Xpw- a-jn-bpw- Xq-h-ep-am-bn- F-gp-XpAt¸mkv-tXmeo-I- ]n-Xm-¡-·m-À-¡pw- -shfns¸«v hm-³- I-gn-bm-¯- \n-c-h-[n- D-ïv F-¶-v Ço-l-·m-cm-Â- Xn-cp-h-N-\In-«n-b- hn-i-zm-k§sf i-à-am-bn- -tImÀ-¯n- ¯n-Â- c-Nn-¡s¸«-Xv k`-bpsS {]m-[m-\ys¯ -shfn-hm-¡p-¶p-.

W-¡n-bn-«n-cn-¡p-¶A-Sn-kvYm-\-am-Wv Hm-À- F-¶m-Â- C-Xv c-ïpw- hn-kva-cn-¨v -thZ-]p-kvX-I-¯nt\m k`t¡m {]m-[m-\yw- \-Â-Ip-hm-³- Hm-À-¯tUmIvkn- ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-¶n-Ã-. k`-bn-¯tUmIvkv hn-i-zm-kw-.

c-à-km-£n-I-fpwhn-ip-²]n-Xm¡-·m-cpwDsï¶p-wA-h-cpsS sN¸p-Å- Im-e-Sn-I-Ä- ]n-´p-S-c-Wsa ¶p-w- k`- B-h-À-¯n-¨p- D-d-¸n-¡p-¶p-.

4 . {]-I-S-\m-ß-I-X-bn-Â- D-]-cn-bm-bnB-g-¯n-Â- -thcq-¶n- h-f-cp-¶-Xm-Wv Hm-À¯tUmIvkn{In-kvXp-hn-sâ h-N-\-¯n-epwImtemNn-X-am-bn- D-ïm-b- k`-bpsS ]-Tn-¸n¡-ep-I-fn-epw- A-Sn-bp-d-¨p- \n-¶psImïv ]-cn-ip-²m-ß- \n-b-{´-W-¯n-\v hnt[b-cmbn- Po-hn-¡-Ww-. -ssZho-I- \-·-Isfbpw\-S-¯n-¸ns\bpw- kÀ-Æ-Xn-epw- Xn-cn-¨dn-ªp- Po-hn-¡-Ww-. ]m-jWvU- D-] tZi-§sf Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªpA-I-än\n-À-¯-Ww-.

Im-cy-km-[ywB-cm-[-\bpsS `m-h-asöp- Nn-´n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv Hm-À-¯tUmIvkn-. -ssZh-¯m-Â- \n-À½n-X-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶hy-àn-X-z-¯n-sâ ]-cn-]m-e-\-X-zw- -ssZhw- -t\m¡psa¶p- Xncn-¨-dn-bp-hm-³- C-S-bm-I-Ww-. A-hnsS am-{X-am-Wv A-\y-hn-i-zm-k§sf A-I-änHm-À-¯tUmIvkn--bn-Â- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-hm-³I-gn-bp-I-bp-Åp-.

D-]-kw-lm-cwG-dn-b- Nn-´-I-Ä- C-Xp-am-bn- _-Ôs¸«v ]-¦psh¡p-hm-\p-ïv F-¦n-epwA-£-c- k-tµi-§-fpsS ]-cn-an-Xn-Isf D-Äs¡mÅp-I-bm-Wv. ]-I-À-¶p- In-«n-bn-cn¡p-¶- hn-i-zm-kw- -tNmÀ-¶pt]mImsX X-eap-d-I-fnte¡v -ssIam-dp-hm-\p-Å- _m-[y-X\-ap-¡psï¶pHm-Às¯Sp-¡-Ww-.

A-Xn-\p- \-ap-¡v C-S-bm-Is«.

F-Untämdn-b-Â{XotbI- -ssZh-¯n-\v kvXp-Xn-, -ssZh-Ir-]-bm-Â- A-\p-{K-lo-X-am-b- 125 h-À-j-§-Ä\-½psS -tZhm-e-bw- ]n-¶n-Sp-I-bm-Wv. \m-fn-Xp-hsc \-S-¯n-b-ssZhs¯ \-µntbm-sS Hm-À-¡p-¶p-. C-S-h-I-bpsS 125mwPq-_n-entbmS-\p-_-Ôn-¨v bp-h-P-\{]-kvYm-\-¯n-sâ -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â- 'bm-Zm-' F-¶- X-es¡-t«m-sS Pq-_n-en- k¹nsaâv {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡m-³- I-gn-ª-Xn-Â- A-Xn-bm-b- k-t´mjw- -tcJ s¸Sp-¯s«. 'bm-Zm-' F-¶- lo-{_q- hm-¡n-sâ A-À-°w- 'A-\p-`-h¯n-eqsS A-dn-bp-I-' F-¶m-Wv. H-cp- a-\p-jym-bp-Ên-Â- \mw- At\ Iw- \-·-bpw- Xn-·-bpw- B-b- A-\p-`-h-¯n-eqsS I-S-¶p- -t]mIp¶p-. GsXmc-h-kvY-bn-epw- \t½m-sSm¸w- \n-Â-¡p-¶- D-b-c-¯nse \m-Ys\ A-\p-`-h-¯n-eqsS A-dn-bp-hm-³- \-ap-¡v km-[n-¡s«.

C-¡m-ew- A-{X-bpw- \-S-¯n-b- -ssZh-¯ns\ kvXp-Xn-¨vsImïpwC-S-h-I-bpsS Im-h-Â]n-Xm-¡·m-cpsS a-²y-kvY-X-bn-Â- A-`-bw- {]m-]n-¨p- -sImïpw- Cu- k¹nsaâv {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-Â- IqsS \n-¶v {]-h-À-¯n-¨C-S-h-Iamt\Pnw-Kv I-½n-än-, bp-h-P-\-{]-kvYm-\w-, F-Untämdn-b-Â- -t_mÀ-Uv Aw-K-§-Ä-, ]-c-ky-§-Ä- \-Â-Inklm-bn-¨-h-À- F-¶n-htcmSp-Å- \-µn- A-dn-bn-¨p- sImÅp-¶p-. en-Yp-³- -t__n- Um-\ntbÂNo-^v F-Un-ä-À-