G.M.H.S.S. Vettikavala -17th KTKA HSS Guide Group Online Magazine 2020 - മുക്തി - KSBSG

Kerala State Bharat Scouts & Guides

th

17 KTKA Guide Group

G.M.H.S.S. VETTIKAVALA Principal Guide Captain Company Leader

: Smt. Sindhu K. : Smt. Soosan Mathew : Kum. Nandhana Krishna K. N.

1

Sir Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden Powell

Olave St. Clair Soames 2

Our Principal

Smt. SINDHU K.

k-tµiwK-h-¬sa³-dv -tamU-Â- l-b-À- sk¡-³-U-dn- kvIq-Ä- -sh«n-¡-h-essKUvkvsâ B-`n-ap-Jy-¯n-ep-Å- e-l-cn-hn-cp-²- -t_m[-h-Â-¡-c-WHm-¬sse³- am-K-kn-³- X-¿m-dm-¡n-bhn-Zym-À-°n-\n-I-Ä-¡pwA-Xpt]m-seXs¶ -ssKUv Iym-]vä-\pw- F-Ãm-hn-[- B-iw-kI-fpw t\cp-¶p- .’km-aq-ln-I- aq-ey-§-Ä-¡v’ hn-e-I-Â-¸n-¡p-¶- ‘e-l-cn-bv¡v’ A-Sn-as¸Sm-¯- H-cp- P-\-X-bv¡v am-À-K-\n-ÀtZiw- \-Â-Ip-hm-³- \-½psS Cu'ap-àn-' am-K-kn-\p- I-gn-bp-am-d-Is« F-¶v B-iw-kItfm-sS

{]n-³-kn-¸-Â-

K-h-. -tamU-Â- F-¨v.F-kv.F-kv.sh«n-¡-h-e-

3

D.T.C. (Guide)

Smt. KUTTIYAMMA M. K.

k-tµiw-tImhn-Uv F-¶- a-lm-am-cn-bpsS `o-Xn-bn-Â- \mw- B-bn-cn¡pt¼mgpw- -s]mXp- kaq-l-¯n-Â- asämcp- Zp-c-´w- B-bnXo-À-¶- e-l-cn- D-]tbmK-¯ns\Xnscbp-Å- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- \n-§-ÄXp-S-cp-¶p- F-¶v A-dn-ª-Xn-Â- k-t´mj-ap-ïv. `m-hn- {]-Xo-£bm-bbp-h- X-e-ap-d-bnse I-Àt½mÕp-I-cm-b- -sh«n-¡-h-e- K-h-.

-tamU-Â- l-b-À-sk¡-³-U-dn- kvIq-Ä bq-Wn-änse F-Ãm- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡pw{]n-b-¦-cn-bm-b- kq-k³- So-¨-À-¡pw- {]tXyI- A-`n-\-µ-\-§-Ä-. {]-h-À-¯\-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶- Hm-¬sse³- am-K-kn-³- - 'ap-àn-' -bv¡v F-sâ B-iw-kI-Ä-.

Ip-«n-b-½- Fw-. -sI D T C ( G)

sIm«m-c-¡-c- Un-kv{Sn-I-Sv

4

D.O.C. (Guide)

Smt. JAINAMMA

k-tµiw-sh«n-¡-h-e- K-h-.-tamU-Â- l-b-À -sk¡-³-U-dn- kvIq-fnse -ssKUv hn-`m-K-¯n-sâ D-Õm-l-¯n-Â- Hm-¬sse³- am-K-kn-³- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶Xn-Â- A-Xn-bm-b- k-t´mjw- D-ïv. H-cp-an-¨v -tNÀ-¶p-Å- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-ÄBtcmKy-I-c-a-Ãm-¯- {]tXyI- km-l-N-cy-¯n-Â- km-aq-ly- am-[y-a-§-Ä- h-fsc {]tbmP-\-I-c-am-Ip-¶p-. e-l-cns¡Xnscbp-Å- -t_m[-h-XvI-c-W-¯n\m-bn- \n-§-Ä- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶- 'ap-àn-' Hm-¬sse³- am-K-kn-\v F-ÃmB-iw-kI-fpw-. Xp-S-À-¶p-Å- \n-§-fpsS F-Ãm- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fpw- \-¶m-bn\-S-¡s« F-¶m-iw-kn-¨psImïv

-ssP\-½-

D.O.C (G)

sIm«m-c-¡-c- Un-kv{Sn-I-Sv

5

GUIDE CAPTAIN

Smt. SOOSAN MATHEW

k-tµiwK-h. -tamU-Â- l-b-À- sk¡-³-U-dn- kvIq-Ä- -sh«n-¡-h-e-bnse -ssKUv hn-§nsâ B-`n-ap-Jy-¯n-Â- H-cp- Hm-¬sse³- am-K-kn-³- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡pI-bm-Wv.a-Zyw-, a-b-¡p-a-cp-¶v Xp-S-§n-b- e-l-cn-h-kvXp-¡-Ä- kaq-ls¯ F-§s\bm-Wv Im-À-¶p-Xn-¶p-¶sX¶v X-§-fpsS Im-gvN-¸m-Sn-eqsS hyà-am-¡p-I-bm-Wv kvIq-fnse Cu- -sIm¨p- an-Sp-¡n-I-Ä-. h-f-cp-¶- X-eap-d- e-l-cn-bpsS a-lm- hn-]-¯nte¡v ho-Wpt]mIm-Xn-cn-¡m-\pw- Xn-cn-¨dn-hp-Å-h-cm-Ip-hm-\pw- Cu- ]-cn-{i-aw- klm-b-I-am-Is«. e-l-cn hn-ap-à tIc-fw- F-¶- kp-µ-c-kz-]v\w- km-£m-Â-Ir-X-am-Is«. {]m-À-°-\tbm-sS kq-k³- am-Xyp-ssKUv Iym-]vä-³-

6

{]-km-[-I-¡p-dn-¸v `m-c-Xv kvI-u-«kvv & -ssKUvkv bq-Wn-än-sâ Io-gn-ep-Å-sh«n-¡-h-e- K-h-. -tamU-Â- H.S.S - -se -ssKUvkn-sâ t\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â- X-bm-dm-¡n-b- Cu- am-K-kn-³- e-l-cn- F-¶I-dp-¯- ap-Jw-aq-Sn-bpsS ]n-¶n-ep-f-f- b-Ym-À-Y- -cq-]w- hmb-\¡m-cpsS ap-¶n-Â- Xp-d-¶p- Im-«p-I-bm-Wv. e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw- H-cp- hy-àn-bn-Â- ap-X-Âkaq-ls¯ hsc F-§s\ _m-[n-¡p-¶p- , ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-dbpsS ap-¶n-Â- A-Xv Xp-d-¡p-¶- am-bmtemIw-, kv{Xo-I-fnse Nandhana Krishna K. N. D-]tbmK-hpw- Iq-Sp-¶- Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-§-fpw- Xp-S-§n- C-Xn-Â\n-¶p-Å- -tamN-\-hpw- Po-hn-X- e-l-cn-bnte¡p-Å]p-Xn-b- Im-Â-h-bv¸p- hsc Cu- am-K-kn-³- \n-§sf Iq-«nsImïpt]mIp-¶p-. ]-e-cpw]-e-co-Xn-bn-ÂhniIe\w- -sNbvX- e-l-cnsb ]p-Xn-b- H-cp- h-gn-bn-eqsS hy-Xy-kvX- co-Xn-bn-Â- ho-£n-¡p-I-bm-Wn-hnsS. e-l-cn-bpsS ]p-Xp-ap-J-§-Ä- C-¶v hm-Wn-Py-hm]m-c- -taJ-e-I-fn-eqsS kaq-l-¯n-Â- \n-d-ªv hn-f-bmSpt¼mÄ- e-l-cn-¡p- ap-¶n-Â- A-`-bw- -tXSn-b-h-À- C-¶v F-hnsS? G-X-h-kvY-bn-em-W-h-À-? ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d-bnse hm-b-\-¡m-À- H-cp- X-h-W- Cu- am-K-kn\n-eqsS H-¶v I-S-¶p- -t]mI-Ww-, \mw- -t]mI-cp-Xm-¯- h-gnbn--te¡v- -t\m¡m-Xn-cn-¡m-³-; at\m_-e-ap-Å- Zp-Èo-e-§-fn-Ãm-¯- H-cp- ]p-Xp-X-eap-dsb hm-Às¯Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-Â- R-§-fpsS Cu- -sNdn-b]-cn-{i-aw- H-cp- `m-K-am-Is« F-¶v {]m-À-Yn-¡p-¶p-.

F-¶v,

am-​K-kn-³- F-Un-ä-À\-µ-\ Ir-jvW- -sI. F-³-.

7

D-Å-S-¡w1. e-l-cn- D-]tbmK-hpw- kv{Xo-ItfmSp-Å- A-Xn-{I-a-hpw-............. 09 2. kv{Xo-I-fnse e-l-cn- D-]tbmKw-....................................... 11 3. el-cn-bpw- Np-äp-]m-Spw-................................................... 12 4. am-dn-h-cp-¶- Im-e-L-«-hpw- Iq-Sn-h-cp-¶- e-l-cn-bp-]tbmK-hpw-....... 13 5. e-l-cn-bpw- ]-Wt¯mSp-Å- A-Xym-À-¯n-bpw-........................... 15 6. e-l-cn-bnÂ\n-¶p-Å- tamN-\-hpw h-gn-I-fpw-.......................... 17 7. e-l-cn- D-]tbmKw- Ip-Spw-_s¯ F-§s\ _m-[n-¡p-¶p-.......... 19 8. e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmK-hpw- Iq-Sn-h-cp-\- Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-§-fpw-.......

20 9. e-l-cn- ]-e- cq-]-¯n-epw- `m-h-¯n-epw-................................ 21 10. Po-hn-X-am-I-Ww- e-l-cn-..................................................... 23 11. ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE ...................24 12. h-f-À-¶p-h-cp-¶- X-e-ap-d-bpw e-l-cn-bpsS -sIWn-I-fpw-................ 26 13. Ip-«n-I-fnse e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw-................................ 28 14. e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw- kaq-ls¯ F-§s\ _m-[n-¡p-¶p?.................. 30 15. e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw- i-co-c-¯n-ÂD-ïm-Ip-¶- tZmj-§-Ä- ................... 31 16. K-À`m-h-kvY-bn-se se e-l-cn-D-]tbmK-hpwIp-ªnsâ D-]tbmK-{]-h-W-X-bpw-.................... 32

8

e-l-cn- D-]tbmK-hpwkv{Xo-ItfmSp-Å- A-Xn-{I-a-hpw-

H

-cp- Im-e-¯v ap-Xn-À-¶- B-fp-I-Ä- am-{Xam-bn-cp-¶pe-l-cn-b-v¡v A-Sn-as¸«ncp-¶sX¦n-Â- C-¶v enw-K- hy-Xym-kan-ÃmsX kvIp-fp-I-fntebpw- tIm-tfPp-I-fntebpw- B-¬Ip-«n-I-fpw- -s]¬-Ip-«n-I-fpw- e-l-cn-bn-Â- a-b§p-I-bpw- A-Sn-as¸«v in-ã-Po-hn-Xw- X-Ån-\o¡m-³- hn-[n-¡s¸Sp-Ibpw- -sN¿p-¶p- F-¶-Xm-Wv Zp-:J-kXyw-. e-l-cn-bpsS D-]t`mKw- a-\p-jysâ BtcmKys¯ in-Yn-e-am-¡psa¶-Xv \n-kvX-À¡-am-b- h-kvXp-X-bm-Wv. atä-sXmcp- P-\-kaqls¯¡m-fpwCuXn-cn-¨-dn-hp-Å-h-cm-Wv \-½-Ä- F-¶n-cp-¶m-epw- e-£-I-W-¡n-\v e-l-cna-cp-¶p-I-fm-Wv \-½-Ä- {]-Xn-h-À-jw- D-]tbmKn-¨ph-cp-¶-Xv .\-½psS ap-Jy- `-£y-[m-\y-am-b- A-cn- hm§m-³- \-½-Ä- -sNe-hn-Sp-¶-Xnsâ aq-¶n-c-«n-bnte-sd Xp-I- e-l-cn- hm-§m-³- \-½-Ä- h-À-jwtXmdpw- -sNe-

9

BINUJA BINU

hn-Sp-¶p-ïv. \q-äm-ïp-I-fm-bn- -tIc-f-¯n-Âe-l-cn-bpsS D-Xv]m-Z-\-hpwhn-X-c-W-hpwDsï¶v I-W-¡p-I-Ä- ]-d-bp-¶p-ïv F-¶m-ÂC-¶v A-Xnsâ A-f-hv Ip-Sn- h-cp-I-bm-Wv. -tIc-f-¯n-ÂI-©m-hv,sl-tdmbn-³-, F-¶n-h-bm-Wv I-dp-¸v, -sIm-s¡mbv³{]-[m-\-am-bpwD-]tbmKn-¡s¸Sp-¶-Xv .

I-W-¡p-IÄ-{]-Im-cw- -tIc-f-¯n-Â- am-{Xw- Ip-dª-Xv \q-dv Intem{Kmw- e-l-cn- ]-Zm-À-Y-§-Ä- F-Ãmam-khpw- ]n-Sn-¡s¸Sp-¶p-ïv. ]-et¸mgpw- `-£-WwF-¶- -t]cn-Â- e-l-cn- -ssIam-äw- -sN¿s¸Sp-¶p-. am-[y-a-§-Ä-, c-£n-Xm-¡-Ä-, _-Ôp-¡-Ä, kp-lr-¯p-¡-Ä- F-¶n-h-À- ap-Jm-´n-c-am-Wv e-l-cnsb¡p-dn-¨p-Å- A-dn-hp-I-Ä- Ip-«n-Ifn-Â- B-Zy-am-bn- F-¯p-¶-Xv Ip-«n-I-fpsS -s] cp-am-ä-¯n-epw- Po-hn-X- co-Xn-I-fn-epw- h-cp-¶am-ä-§-Ä- I-ïm-Â- Iq-Sp-X-Â- {i-²n-¡-Ww-.

e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmK-¯n-Â- H-¶mw- kvYm-\-¯v ]-©m-_pw- c-ïmw- kvYm-\-¯v -tIc-f-hpw- B-Wv. F-´psImïv e-l-cn- D-]tbmK-¯n-Â- c-ïmw- kvYm\-¯p- -tIc-fw- F-¯ns¸«p- \n-Â-¡p-¶psh¶Xv Iq-Sp-X-Â- ]-T-\-hnt[b-amtIï- -tNmZy-am-Wv. Cu- hn-]-¯n-\p- {]-Xn-hn-[n- Isï¯m-³- `-c-WIq-S-¯n-\p- I-gn-ªn-«n-Ã-. e-l-cn- {]m-bt`Zyta-s\ Cu- kaq-l-¯n-Â- DtbmKn-¡p-¶p-. e-l-cn- hn-Â-¸-\-¡m-cpsS h-e-bn-Â- Iq-SpX-em-bn- ho-gp-¶-Xv kvIq-Ä- Ip-«n-I-fm-Wv.

10

bp-hm-¡-fn-Â- D-Å- A-an-X-am-b- e-l-cn- D-] tbmKw- Im-c-Ww- I-ãs¸Sp-¶-Xv kv{Xo- kaq-l-amWv. Ip-Sn-¨v atZm·-¯-cm-bn- h-cp-¶- ]p-cp-j-·mÀ-¡v -tIh-ew- hnt\mZ- h-kvXp-hm-bn- am-dp-I-bmWv kv{Xo--. e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw- kv{Xo--I-fpsS kp-c-£sb Xs¶ _m-[n-¡p-¶p-. C-Xn-\v H-cpD-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv \yq-U-Â-ln-bn-Â- \-S-¶- \n-À`-b- -tIkv. a-I-³- kz-´w- A-½sb ]o-Un-¸n-¨- kw`-hpw- a-e-bm-fn-¡v Xs¶ \m-Wt¡Sm-Wv.C-Xn-\v Im-c-W-am-bm-Xv e-l-cn-bm-Wv. e-l-cn-bpsS D-] tbmKw- Iq-Sp-¶-Xv A-\p-kcn-¨v kv{Xn-ItfmSv D-Å- A-Xn-{I-a-§-Ä- Zn-\w-{]-Xn- h-À-[n-¡p-I-bmWv.C-Xns\ A-Xn-Po-hn-¡m-³- kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡v km[n-¡p-¶n-Ã-. e-l-cn- D-]tbmKw- F-¶v Ip-d-bpt¶m A-¶v am-{Xta kv{Xn-I-Ä-¡v kzm-X-{´yt¯msS Po-hn-¡p-hm-³- km-[n-¡p-I-bp-Åp-.” A-½F-¶- hm-¡nsâ A-À-Yw- a-\-Ên-em-¡n-b- H-cp]p-cp-j-\pw- H-cp- kv{Xo-tbbpw- -thZ-\n-¸n-¡n-Ã-.”

kv{XoI-fnse e-l-cn- D-]tbmKwkv{Xo-

Kavya suneesh

I-f nse e-l -cn- D-]tbmKwI- g n- ª - \q- ä m-ïnse At]£n-¨p- C- ¯ - h W- bpw- G- ä - hpw- D-b-À -¶- \n-e -bn-Â- \n- Â ¡p- ¶- X v . Im-c-W w- e-l -cn-¡ v kv{ Xo- Ft¶m ]p- c p- j - ³- Ft¶m -thÀ-X n-cn-hv I- ev¸ n¡msX D-]tbmK-¯n-sâ \n-b-aw- ]- T n¸n- ¨ n- c n- ¡p¶p-. km-aq-l n-Iam-[ y- a -§fn- Â - D- Å - a-Z y-{ Kp-¸vI-f n-Â- kv{ Xo-I - fpsS kPo- h - ]- ¦ m- f n-¯w- D-Å-X pw- Ct¸mÄ- H- c p- t amiw- Im- c y- a -Ã -X m-bn- Xo-À -¶n-cn-¡ p¶p-. - e- lcn- D- ]tbmKn-¡ p-¶- kv{ Xo-I-f psSXm-b- {Kq- ¸ pI- Ä - h sc D- Å -Im-e -am-W v F-¶-X m-W v kXyw- .

B- W ns\ t]m-ses]®pw- t PmensN¿p- ¶p- , ]-W w- k¼-m-Z n-¡ p-¶pkz- ´ wIm- e n- Â - \n-Â-¡ p-¶p-. C-cp-h-cpw-X p-e y- c m- Wv F- ¶- Nn- ´ m- c o-X n- \n-À -`m-Ky-h-¨m-Âa- Z y- ] m\w- A- S - ¡- a p-Å- e-l -cn-D-]tbmK-¯nte¡v F- ¯ n- b- n - c n- ¡p-¶p-. tkmjy-Â- {Un-¦v km- a pln- I - ]- Z - h n- bpsSXs¶ `m-K -am-b- Cu- Im- e- ¯ v kv { Xo- I - f pw- a-Z yw-cp-N n-¡ p-¶p-. -tIc-f -¯ nse kv { Xo- I - f n- Â - 3.5% e-l -cn- io-e -¡ m-À - B - Wv ]- ¯ p- h - À - j - ¯n-\n-S -bn-Â- \m-e n-c-« n- B- b m- Wv a- Z y- ] n- ¡ p- ¶- kv{ Xo-I-f psS F-® w- h-À- [ n- ¨ - X v

kv{Xo-I-fnse a-Zy-]m-\tcmKwkv{Xo-Isf h-en-btXmXn-Â- D-Å- a-Zy-]-\-¯nte¡v \-bn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m-³- c-ïv Im-c-W-M-Ä- D-ïv. kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡v a-Zyw- kp-`-e-am-bn- In-«m-\p-Å- {]-bmkam-Wv H-¶v. c-ïm-as¯ Xp-S-À-¨-bm-bn- In«m-\p-Å- km-l-N-cyw-. -tIc-f-¯nse km-aqln-I- -t_m[-am-Wv Cu- hn-e-¡n-\v Im-c-Ww-. ] s£ hn-e-¡v {ItaW- A-{]-Xy- £am-Ip-I-bm-Wv ]p-cp-j-³- Xs¶ -thï- -t]m-se kv-t\ln¡p-¶n-Ã-, ]-cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶n-Ã- F-¶- -tXm¶-epw- Ip-Spw-__-Ô-¯n-ep-Å- XI-À-¨-bpw- h-ensbmcp- hn-`m-Kwkv{Xo-Isf a-Zy-]m-\-¯nse ¡p- \-bn-¡p-¶p-ïv. \yq-P-³- kn-\n-a-I-fn-Â- kv{Xo-I-Ä- ]-c-ky-am-bn-cp¶p- a-Zy-]n-¡-p -¶-X-p - Im-Wmw-. ]-e- ho-Sp-I-fn-epwa-Zy- Ip-¸n-I-Ä- A-e-¦-cn-¨p- ^m-an-en- _m-À- Xs¶ H-cp--¡p-¶-Xp- kaq-ln-I-]-Z-hn-bpsS A-S-bm-f-ambn-am-dn-, -tIm-tfPv hn-Zym-À-°n-I-Ä-, -s{]m^-j-\-epI-Ä-, ho-«-½-am-À- F-¶n-hscm-s¡ a-Zy-]m-\n-I-fpsS hn-`m-K-¯n-ep-ïv. hm-S-I- ho-«p-I-fn-epw- Xm-a-kn¡p-¶- hn-Zym-À-°n-I-fpw- DtZymK-kvY-h-\n-X-I-fpw-sam-s¡ kw-L-a-Zy-]m-\-¯n-sâ ]m-X-bn-Â- B-Wv

11

el-cn-bpw- Np-äp-]m-Spw-

e

-l-cn-bpsS ]n-Sn-bn-Â- Np-äp-]m-Spw- A-acp-¶Xn-\v {]-[m-\-Im-c-Ww- hy-àn-bpsS Z-u-À-_-ey-a-Ã- a-dn-¨v A-h-À- Po-hn-¡p-¶- Zp-c-hkvY-I-fm-Wv. B-[p-\n-I- -temI-¯n-sâ G-ähpw- h-en-b- `o-j-Wn-bm-Wv e-l-cn- ]-Zm-À-°-§-Ä-. `m-hnsb¸-än- {]-Xym-i- \n-d-ªn-cnt¡ï- bp-h-lr-Zb-§-fn-Â- -ss\cm-iyt_m[w- h-f-À-¯n- H-cp- C-cp-ï-temI-¯ntebv¡v -sIm-sï¯n-¡p-I-bm-Wv C-h- -sN¿p-¶-Xv.\o-Xn-]p-À-h-I-am-b- hn-I-k\-am-Xr-II-Ä- C-ÃmsX Np-äp-]m-Sns\ e-l-cn-bpsS ]n-Sn-bn-Â\n-¶v c-£s¸Sp-¯m-³- B-hnsöv Xs¶bm-Wv -temI-cm-Py-§-fpsS A-\p-`-hw-. P-\-]-£- e-l-cnh-À-Ö-\- apt¶ä-§-fpsS {]-kàn-bpw- km-[y-Xbpw- A-dntbï- ka-bw- A-Xn-{I-an-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-. e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw- H-cp- hy-ànsb am{X-a-Ã- a-dn-¨v H-cp- Np-äp-]m-Sns\X-¶-bm-Wv -sImÃp¶-Xv. e-l-cn-]-Zm-À-°-§-Ä- \m-Sns\ Xs¶ h-e¨psImïn-cn-¡p-¶- hn-]-¯m-Wv.H-cp- X-h-Ws¯ D-]tbmKw- -sImïpt]mepw- e-l-cn-¡v A-Sn-as¸«v -t]mImw-. h-fsc -sNdn-b- A-f-hn-Â- h-Ãt¸mgp-ap-ÅD-]tbmKw- -t]mepw- i-co-c-¯n-\v -tZmj-I-c-am-bn- `-hn¡pw-. a-\p-jy-N-cn-{X-¯n-Â- aps¼m¶p-an-Ãm-¯- hn-[w`o-Xn-Z-am-Wv BtKmf-e-l-cn-bpsS Zp-cp-]tbmK-¯nsâ h-À-¯-am-\-Nn-{Xw-. H-cp- ]-I-À-¨-hy-[n- -t]m-se A-Xv a-\p-jys\ _m-[n-¡p-¶p-. H-cp- Np-äp-]m-Sns\¯s¶ \-in-¸n-¡m-\p-Å- D-{K-i-àn- A-Xn-\p-ïv. {]m-bt`Ztam enw-Kt`Ztam C-ÃmsX F-Ãm-hscbpw- H-cpt]m-se Cu- Zp-io-ew- kz-[o-\n-¨n-«p-ïv.-in-¸n-¡m-\p-Å- D-{K-iàn- A-Xn-\p-ïv. {]m-bt`Ztam enw-Kt`Ztam C-ÃmsX F-Ãm-hscbpw- H-cpt]m-se Cu- Zp-io-ew- kz-[o-\n-¨n«p-ïv A-Xn-\v ]-cn-jvIr-Xsa-t¶m A-]-cn-jvIr-Xsat¶m \-K-csa-t¶m \m-«n-³-]p-dsa-t¶m hy-Xym-kan-Ã-.

Anulekshmi V.

km-ap-ln-Ikp-kvYn-c-Xsbbpw-s]mXpP-\mtcmKys¯-sbbpwDÂ-]m-Z-\-£-a-Xsb bpw- km-¼-¯n-I- h-f-À-¨tbbpsam-s¡ {]-Xn-Iqe-am-bpw- Kp-cp-X-c-am-bpw- _m-[n-¡p-¶- X-c-¯n-Âe-l-cn- io-e-§-Ä- h-en-b- -shÃp-hn-fn-bm-Wv \-ap-¡nS-bn-Â- D-b-cp-¶-Xv.`-u-Xn-I-am-b- \m-i-\-ã-§-Ä-¡p]p-dsa P-\-X-bpsS kmw-kvIm-cn-I-hpwB-[ym-ßn-I-hp-am-bX-I-À-¨-bv¡pwA-XpIm-c-W-am-hp-¶p-.

H-cn-¡-Âe-l-cn-¡v A-Sn-as¸«-h-À-¡v ]n-¶o-Sv A-Xn-Â-\n-¶v -tamN-\wZp-jvI-c-am-Wv. a-b-¡p-a-cp-¶p-I-fpsS D-]tbmKw- aq-ewkw-`-hn-¡p-¶- -ss\Xn-I-am-b- ]-X-\w- X-e-ap-d-I-fn-Â\n-¶pw- X-e-ap-d-I-fnte¡p- \o-ïp- -t]mIpt¶m¶m-Wv. e-l-cn- \-½psS Np-äp-]m-Sns\Xs¶ Im-À-¶pXn-¶p-¶- H-cp- Im-gvN-bm-Wv \-ap-¡v Ct¸mÄ- ImWm-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xv.- temIsa¼m-Spw- e-l-cns¡Xnsc \n-c-h-[n- {]-Xntj[-§-fpw- -t_m[-h-Â-¡-c-W-§-fpw\-S-¡pt¼mgpw- e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw- h-À-²n-¨ph-cp-I-bm-Wv. \-½psS Np-äp-]m-Spw- ]-e-X-c-¯n-ep-Åe-l-cn- am-^n-b- h-f-À-¶psImïn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡n-S-bnse e-l-cn- D-]tbmKw- \-½psS Np-ä-]m-Spw- \n-Xy-kw-`-h-am-bn- am-dp-I-bm-Wv B-Imw£-bn-Â- e-l-cn- ]-co-£n-¨p- Xp-S-§p-I-bpw- ]n-¶oSv {ItaW- A-Un-£-³- F-¶- A-h-kvY-bnte¡v F-¯ns¸Sp-I-bp-am-Wv -sN¿p-¶-Xv e-l-cn-bpsS \o-cmfn-¸n-Sn-¯-Xn-Â- -s]«pt]mbm-Â- ap-àn- -t¢i-I-c-am-Wv .

Po-hn-Xw- Xs¶ e-l-cn-bm-¡p- a-Zyw-, a-b-¡pa-cp-¶v, ]p-I-bn-e- Xp-S-§n-b-h-bn-Â- \n-¶v -tamNnX-\m-Ip- kz-´w- Po-h-³- \-½psS -ssII-fn-Â-.

12

am-dn-h-cp-¶- Im-e-L-«-hpwIq-Sn-h-cp-¶e-l-cn-bp-]tbmK-hpwtI

c-fo-b- bp-h-X-zw- ]p-I-h-en-bpw- a-Zy-]m-\-hpwh-en-b- -tXmXn-Â- D-]tbmKn-¨n-«psï¦n-epw-, C-¶v A-Xnsâ ]-Xn-·-S-§v a-b-¡v a-cp-¶n-\pw- ]m-³-akm-e-I-Ä-¡pw- A-Sn-a-I-fm-bn- am-dn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-. kvIq-fp-I-fpw- Iym-¼-kvI-fpw- -tlmkvä-ep-I-fpw-tI{µo-I-cn-¨v h-en-b- -tXmXn-ep-Å- a-b-¡v a-cp¶v hn-Â-]-\- \-S-¡p-¶p-ïv. -s]¬-¡p-«n-I-Ä-t]mepw- e-l-cn-a-cp-¶n-\v A-Sn-a-bm-¡p-¶p- F-¶-Xv K-u-c-h-am-b- Im-cy-am-Wv. \-½psS kvIq-Ä- Ip-«n-Ifpw- bp-h-¡-fpw- a-b-¡v a-cp-¶nsâ am-b- -temI-¯v A-Sn-as¸Sp-I-bm-Wv. C-Xn-\m-bn- ]-Ww- Isï¯p¶-Xn-\v Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-§-Ä- -sN¿m-¶pw- C-h-À-¡v a-Sn-bn-Ã- ]n-Sn-¨v]-dn-bpw- -tamj-W-hpw- A-{I-ahpw- Xp-S-§n- e-l-cn- am-^n-b-I-fpsS F-P-âpI-fpw- -tam-t¡bm-bn- ]-e-cpw- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶p-.

Cu- \q-äm-ïnse G-ä-hpw- h-en-b- km-aq-ln-Ikmw--kvIm-cn-I- BtcmKy- {]-iv\-am-bn- a-b-¡v a-cp-¶p-I-fpsSbpw- am-Z-I- {Z-hy-§-fpsSbpwZp-cp-]tbmKs¯ im-kv{XtemIw- Im-Wp-¶p-.

C-¶v Cu- Im-e-L-«-¯n-Â- e-l-cn-bpsS kzm[o-\w- aq-ew- a-I-³- kz-´w- A-Ñs\ -t]mepw-sImes¸Sp-¯m-³- a-Sn-¡p-¶n-Ã-. C-¶v Cu-temI-¯v Htcm Ip-«n-I-fpw- ]n-d-¶v hn-gp-¶-Xv e-l-cn-bpsS \-Sp-hn-em-Wv. ]-Tn-¯-hpw- I-cn-b-dpwam-{X-am-Wv X-§-fpsS Po-hn-X-e-£yw- F-¶v -sXäv [-cn-¡p-¶- H-cp- X-e-ap-d- A-Xn-\p- -thïn- A-\p-`hn-¡p-¶- -sshIm-cn-I- kL-À-j-§-fpw- B-ß-k L-À-j-§-fpw- -sImïv -sN¶v F-¯n-¡p-¶-Xv e-l-cn-bpsS -temIt¯¡m-Wv.kaq-l-¯n-Â- \-S¡p-¶- Xn-·-I-Ä-¡v F-Xnsc {]-Xn-I-cn-¡m-³C-¶s¯ bp-h-X-e-ap-d-bv¡v Xm-Â-]-cy-an-Ã-.

Archana Rajeev

]-I-cw- A-h-À- e-l-cn- hn-f-¼p-¶- \n-i- ]m-À«n-bnte¡v am-dp-¶p- Fs´m-s¡ Ip-d-h-I-ÄDsï¶v ]-d-bpt¼mgpw- kw-kvYm-\s¯ kvIq-fpI-fn-epw- -tIm-tfPp-I-fn-epw- hn-Zym-À-Yn- kw-L-S-\-. {]-h-À-¯-\w- kPo-h-am-bn-cp-¶- Im-e-L-«¯n-Â- C-¯-cw- kw-L-§-Ä- A-hnsS¡v A-Sp-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã-.

-tImS-Xnhn-[n-I-fpw\n-b-{´-W-§-fpw- kw-L-S-\- kzm-X-{´yw- X-S-Êam¡p-¶- Cu- Im-e-¯v A-hntS¡v I-S-¶p- h-cp-¶-Xv A-]-I-S-I-c-am-b- Xn-·-I-Ä- hn-X-¡p-¶- e-l-cnbpsS -temI-amsW¶-Xv Im-Wm-Xn-cp-¶p-Ip-Sm-.

I-©m-hv, lp-¡-, a-cn-Pp-hmt\m, I-dp-¸v, -sIm-s¡mbv³- A-S-¡-ap-Å- ]-g-b-Im-e- e-l-cn-a-cp-¶p-I-Ä- am{X-a-Ã- -tIc-fo-b- bp-h-X-z-¯n-\v Bthi-am-¡p-¶-Xv.

13

a-dn-¨v a-jn- am-bn-¡m-\p-Å- -sshäv \-dpw-,sNcp-¸v H-«n-¡m-³D-]tbmKn-¡p-¶- ]-i-bpw-, A-]-kvam-c-¯n-\pw- hnim-ZtcmK-¯n-\pw- D-]tbmKn-¡p-¶- Kp-fn-I-I-fpwam-{´n-I- Iq-Wpsam-s¡ B- ]-«n-I-bn-Â- -s]Sp-¶p-.

Np-cp-¡n- ]-d-ªm-Â- -sshhn-[y- ]q-À-W-am-b- e-lcn-I-fm-Â- k¼-¶-am-Wv \-½psS e-l-cn- km-{am-Pyw-. km-l-kn-I-X-bpsSbpwB-Imw-£bpsSbpw- Hs¡ -t]cn-em-Wv ]-e-cpw- e-lcn-a-cp-¶ns\ D-]tbmKwXp-S-§p-¶-Xv.

kvI q- fp- I - fpw- - t Im- t fPp- I - fpw- - t I{µo- I - c n- ¨ v \n-c ´- c - a m- b - - t _m[- h - X vI - c - W- ]- c n- ] m- Sn- I - Ä - kwL- Sn- ¸ n- ¡- Ww- “¢o- ³ - Iym- ¼ - kv tkhv Iym- ¼ -k v “]- c n- ] m- Sn- Iq- Sp- X - Â - Du- À - P n- X - a m- ¡- Ww- . H- ¸ w- a-b¡p- a - c p- ¶ nsâ hym- ] - \ - h pw- D- ] tbmK- h pw- X-S-bp¶- X n- \ v i- à - a m- b - \- S- ] - Sn- I - Ä - - s sI- s ¡mf-W w-.

C- ¯- c w- Ip- ä - I r- X y- § - fn-  - G- À s¸Sp- ¶ - h -À-¡v I- À - i- \ - a m- b - in- £ - D- d - ¸ m- ¡p- ¶ - X n- \ v B-h -i yam- b - \n- b - a - \ n- À - ½ m- Ww- \- S- ¯ p- I - b pw- A- h - \-S-¸nem- I p- ¶ psï¶v D- d - ¸ v h- c p- ¯ p- I - b pw- - t hWw-

a-äp-Å-h-cpsS -t{]c-W-bmtem, X-§-fn-ep-f- D-XvI-WvTbpw-, hn-jm-Z-hpw- A-]-I-Àj-X-bpw- X-c-Ww- -sN¿mt\m B-cw-`n-¨v H-Sp-hn-Â- e-lcn-a-cp-¶v C-ÃmsX Pohn-¡m-³I-gn-bnsöA-h-kvY-bnse¯p-¶p-. a-b-¡p-a-cp-¶p-I-fn-Â- A-S§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶]-Zm-À-Y§-Ä- X-et¨mdn-Â- -sN¶v H-cp- hy-ànsb asämcp- am-bmtemIt¯¡v \-bn-¡p-¶p-.

Cu- e-l-cn-a-cp-¶nsâ D-] tbmKw- h-f-À-¶p- h-cp-¶X-e-ap-dsb \-in-¸n-¡p-¶p-.

C-¶v C-´y-bn-Â- e-l-cnhntamN-\-tI{µ-§-fpsS F-®w- H-¶n-\p-]-cn-bm-bn- IqSn-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKwbp-hm-¡-fpsS `m-h-\-Isf \-in-¸n-¡p-¶pA-Xp- Im-c-Ww- -temI-¯nsâ h-f-À-¨sb \-in-¸n-¡p-¶p-. bp- h - X-e -ap-dsb ImÀ- ¶ v Xn- ¶m- ³- H-cp-§ p-¶Cu- h- e n- b- hn-]-¯ns\ Xnsc km- a q- ly-am-b- Pm-{ K-X A- \ n- h m- c y- a m- b n- c n- ¡ p- ¶ p- .

14

e-l-cn-bpw]-Wt¯mSp-ÅA-Xym-À-¯n-bpw{]-_p-²-

-tIc-f sa¶m-W v -tIc- fs¯ \- ½ Ä- A- ` nam-\t¯m-sS hntijn-¸n-¡ p- ¶ - X v.

F- ¶m- Â - C- ¶v C-hnsS h-f -À -¶psImïn-cn- ¡p- ¶ a- e - bm- f n- I - f psS e-l -cn- D-]tbmKw- -s ]mXp - P - \ mtcmKys¯bpw-, km-¼-¯n-Ih- f- À - ¨ sbbpw- _m- [n-¡ p-¶- X-c-¯n-Â- h-e n-b- - s hÃphn- f n- D- b - À - ¯ p-I-bm-W v. C-¶v kvIq-Ä- Ip- «n- I - Ä ap- X - Â - hr- ² - À - hsc F-Ã m-hscbpw- e-l -c n- b psS Ip- c p- ¡ p- I - f n- Â- sI«v ]n-W -ª p- In-S -¡ p- ¶ p]- W w- a- Z y- ]m- \s¯bpw- -s]mXp-P o-hn-X s¯bpw- , Ip- S p- _ - § sfbpw- _m-[n-¡ p-¶- H-cp- L ​ S-I- a Wv.

15

Prarthana. S. R

sXmgn- Â - - s NbvX v In- «p- ¶ - h- c p- a m- \ - ap-Å- s Xmgn- em- fn- I - fm- Wv I- Sp- ¯- a - Z y- ] m-\n-Ifn- Â - h- ensbmcp- ` m- K - h pw- . C- X v - t Ic- f- ¯nse km- Z m- c - W- Ip- Spw- _ - § sf Z- c n- {Z- ¯ nte¡v X- Å n- h n- Sp- ¶ p- . - t Ic- f- ¯ n- s â bp- h - P - \ - §sf e- l- c n- a m- ^ n- b - I - Ä - h- e- b n- Â - - s ]Sp- ¯n- I-gnªp- . B- {K- l- § - fpw- hn- I m- c - § - fpw- \n-b{´n- ¡mt\m C- Ñm- ` w- K - § - Ä - - s sIIm- c yw- - s N¿m³- I- g n- b m- ¯ tXm hn- «n- Â - am- X m- ] n- X m- ¡ -fpsS kv- t \lw- In- «m- ¯- X psIm- t ïm bp- h - P - \-§-Äa- b ¡pacp¶n\v A- Sn- a - I - fm- I p- ¶ p- .

kz- À - ® - ¯ n- s â \m- e n- c - « n- hn- e - b p- Å - F- Â F- k v Un- kv ä m- ¼ p- I - Ä - A- S - ¡ - a p- Å - e- l cn- ]- Z m- À - ° - § - Ä - - s Im¨n- A- S - ¡ - a p- Å kv Y - e - § - f n- Â - {]- N m- c - ¯ n- e p- ï v . C- ¶ v kv I q- Ä - - t aJ- e - I - f n- Â - h- À - [ n- ¨ p- h - c p- ¶ - e- l cn- hn- Â - ¸ - \ - - s Im¨p- Ip- « n- I sf C- X nte¡v h- e n- ¨ n- S p- ¶ p- . C- ¶ v Ip- « n- I - f ntwe¡v e- l cn- F- ¯ n- ¡ p- ¶ - h - À - Ip- ä - I r- X y- § - f nte¡v - t {]cn- ¸ n- N v ]- W w- I- ï - ¯ m- \ m- b p- Å - amÀ- K - h pw- Ip- « n- I - Ä - ¡ v Im- W n- ¨ v - s ImSp¡p- ¶ p- . \- K - c - ¯ n- Â - h- À - [ n- ¨ p- h - c p- ¶ - ametamj- W - § - Ä - ¡ pw- a- ä pw- e- l - c n- D- ] tbmK- h p- a m- b n- _- Ô - a p- ï - ¶ m- W v - t ]meo- k v hr- ¯ - § - Ä - \- Â - I p- ¶ - kq- N - \ - . B- U w- _ - c Po- h n- X - ¯ n- \ pw- e- l - c n- D- ] tbmK- ¯ n- \ pw- ho«p- I m- À - A- d n- b msX ]- W - a p- ï m- ¡ m- \ p- Å -

G- ä - h pw- \- Ã - am- À - K w- F- ¶ m- \n- e - b v ¡ m- W v bphm- ¡ - f pw- a- ä pw- am- e - - t amj- W s¯ Im- W p- ¶ - X v .

C- ¶ v a- \ p- j y- ³ - e- l - c n- ¡ pthïn- ]- W - ¯ nt\ mSp- Å - B- À - ¯ n- Im- c - W w- - s Ime- ] m- X - I - a - S - ¡ ap- Å - Ip- ä - I r- X y- § - Ä - - s N¿p- ¶ p- . - t amj- W - h pw- , I- Å - ¯ - c - § - f pw- Ip- « n- I - f n- Â - Iq- S n- h - c p- I - b pwH- c p- X- e - a p- d - X s¶ C- Ã m- X m- ¡ p- I - b pw- - s N¿p¶p- . e- l - c n- ]- Z m- À - ° - § - Ä - D- ] tbmKn- ¡ - W sa¶v - t Xm¶pt¼m- s gm- s ¡bpw- A- h - \- Â - I p- ¶ - hn- ] ¯p- I - f psSbpw- [m- À - a n- I - a m- b - A- [ - ¸ - X - \ - ¯ n\v - s Sbpw- km- ¼ - X y- _m- [ y- X - I - f psSbpw- `- b s¸Sp¯p- ¶ - ]- c n- W n- X - ^- e - § - Ä - \n- d - ª - Nn- { X- § - Ä - a- \ Ên- Â - - s Xfn- b s«. Im- c - W w- C- ¸ - d - ª - h sbm- s ¡ e- l - c nA- S n- a - I - Ä - ¡ v A- h - k½m- \ n- ¡ p- ¶ a- [ ptcm]m- l m- c - § - f m- W v .

16

e-l-cn-bn-Â \n-¶p-ÅtamN-\-hpw h-gn-I-fpw-!

Anagha Suresh

\

mwh-kn-¡p-¶\-½psS kaq-l¯n-Â- C-¶v Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-§-fn-Âh-en-b-tXmXn-Âh-À-[-\-hpD-ïm-bn-«p-ïv. `q-cn-`m-Kw- Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-§-fpsSbpw- {]-[m-\- Im-c-Wwe-l-cn- ]-Zm-À-°-§-fpsS D-]tbmKw- aq-ew- B-Wv. Zn-\w- -tXmdpw- apt¶dp-¶- C-´y-bn-Â- \-½psS -sIm¨p- -tIc-fw- km-£-c-X- \n-c-¡n-epw- a-äp- ]-e- cw-K§-fn-epw- H-¶m-a-Xv B-Wv. A-Xpt]m-se Xs¶ e-lcn-bpsS D-]tbmK-¯n-epw- -tIc-fw- ap-¶n-Â- Xs¶. e-l-cn-bn-Â- \n-¶p-Å- -tamN-\- ¯n-\p- -thïnB-Wv 1987 ap-X-Â- sF-Iy-cm-{ã- k`- Pq-¬- 26 -temI- e-l-cn- hn-cp-²- Zn-\w- B-bn- B-N-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-.

‘-s_ä-À- -t\mf-Öv -t^mÀ- -s_ä-À- -sIb-À- F-¶m-Wv C-¯-h-W- sF-Iy- cm-{ã-k`- apt¶m«v h-bv¡p-¶- a-Zy-hpw- a-b-¡p- a-cp-¶pw- -t]mep-Å-h-. e-l-cn-bpsS -t{]a-bw-. F-¶m-Â- kaq-l-¯n-\p- C-¶pw- e-l- D-]tbmKw-aq-ew- Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-§-Ä- -sN¿m-\p-Å- {]-h-Wcn-bpsS ]n-Sn-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- -tamN-\w- In-«n-bn-«n-Ã-. X-bpw- C-¯-cw- hy-àn-I-fn-Â- D-b-À-¶p- h-cp-¶p-. e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw- aq-e-w A-h- D-]tbmKn-¡p-¶e-l-cn-bpsS {]-[m-\- D-]t`mà- I-Ä- hy-àn-I-Ä- kzm-À-°m-ep-¡-Ä- B-hp-I-bpw- A-h-À]p-Xp- X-e-ap-d- bm-Wv. 14 h-b-Êp- ap-X-ep-Å- bp- kz-´- _-Ô-§-Ä- a-d-¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿p-¶p-. h- X-e-ap-d-bm-Wv C-¶v G-ä-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-Â- e-l\q-dn-Â- 60 i-X-am-\-¯n-Â- ap-I-fn-Âcn- ]-Z-Àm-°-§-Ä-¡p- A-Sn-a-I-Ä- B-Ip-¶-Xv. B-fp-I-fpw- e-l-cn- D-]tbmKn-¡p- ¶-Xv I-u-Xpe-l-cn- ]-Z-Àm-°-§-fpsS Xp-S-À-¨-bm-b- D-]tb- Itam B-Imw-£tbm Asæn-Â- B-cpsSmKw- C-¶v A-h- D-]tbmKn-¡p-¶- hy-àn-Isf sb¦n-epw- -t{]c-W- aq-etam B-bn-cn-¡pw-.

-tcmK-§-fpsS -sIWn-bnte¡v h-en-¨n-Sp-¶p-. F-¶m-Â- ]n-¶o-Sv A-Xv Po-hn-X-¯n-Â- \n-¶v X-etNmdn-sâ {]-h-À-¯-\s¯ C-Xp- _m-[n-¡p-I- ]-dn-Nv am-äm-³- I-gn-bm-¯- A-Un-Ivj-³- F-¶bpw- ]n-¶o-Sv A-Xv Hm-À-½- Ip-d-hv, A-À-_p-Zw-, lr- A-h-kvY-bnte¡v A-hsc F-¯n-¡p-¶p-.

Z-b- kw-_-Ô-am-b- -tcmK-§-Ä-, I-c-Ä- ho-¡w-, A-Ä- e-l-cn- ]-Zm-À-°-§-fpsS D-]tbmK-w `m-hn- X-ekÀ- Xp-S-§n-b- -tcmK-§-Ä- ]-e-Xpw- D-ïm-Ip-¶p-. ap-dsb _m-[n-¡p-I-bpw- cm-Py-¯n-sâ hn-I-k\H-cp- hy-àn-bpsS im-co-cn- I-hp-o am-\-kn-I-hpw- B-b- {]-h-À-¯-\§tfbpw- a-\p-jy- aq-e-[-\-¯n-sâ BtcmKys¯ lm-\n-I-c-am-bn- _m-[n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. h-f-À-¨sbbpw`m-Kn-I-am-bn_m-[n-¡p-¶p-.

17

Cu- {]-Xn-kÔn- a-dn-I-S-¡m-³- e-l-cn-bn-Â- \n-¶p-Å-tamN-\w- -sImïv am-{Xta km-[n-¡p-I-bp-Åq-.

F-¶m-Â- e-l-cn-bn-Â- \n-¶p-Å- -tamN-\w- A-{X- -thKw\-S-¸n-Â- B-¡m-³- km-[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã-. e-l-cn-bn-Â\n-¶pw- -tamN-\w- e-`n-¡p-hm-³- -thïn- e-l-cn- D-] tbmKn-¡p-¶- hy-àn-Isf -t_m[-h-Â-¡-cn-¡pI- F-¶- A-Xn- _y-l-Xm-b- H-cp- {]-h-À-¯-\- ]-²Xn- A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. ‘Rm-³- -sXäv -sN¿n-Ã- F-¶v i-]-Y-o -sNbvXm-Â- A-Xv Xs¶ B-Wv G-ä-hpw- h-en-b{]m-À-Y-\- ‘F-¶- Km-Ôn-Pn-bpsS B-i-b-¯n-eqsS -t_m[-h-Â-¡-c-W- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-Ä- \-S-¯p-I-. -sNdn-b¢m-Êv ap-X-Â- D-Å- -t_m[-h-Â-¡-c-W-§-Ä- \-S-¯p¶-Xv Ip-«n-I-Ä- e-l-cn- D-]tbmKn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m-\ p-Å- H-cp- h-gn-bm-Wv. kvIq-Ä-, -tIm-tfPv, Hm-^o-kv Xp-S-§n-b-h-bn-Â- e-l-cn- hn-cp-²- Iym-¼-bn-³- \-S-¯p-I-.

18

e-l-cn- h-kvXp-¡-fpsS e-`y-X- Ip-d-¡p-I-, e-l-cn- D-]tbmK-o aq-ew- D-ïm-Ip-¶- BtcmKy- {]-iv\-§sf kw-_-Ôn-¨- hn-Zym-À-°n-Isf -t_m[-h-Â-¡-cn-¡p-I-, kvIq-Ä- -tlmkvä-Â- ]-cnkc-§-fn-Â- e-l-cn- hn-å-\- ]-cntim[n-¡m-³- kvYncw- kw-hn-[m-\w- H-cp-¡p-I-. e-l-cn- hn-å-\-Im-À-¡v I-Sp-¯- in-£- \-Â-Ip-I- Xp-S-§n-b- \n-b-a-§-Ä- I-Ài-\-am-bn- \-S-¸n-em-¡n-bm-Â- am-{Xta e-l-cn- a-cp-¶pI-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- C-fw- X-e-ap-dsb c-£n-¡m-\m-Iq-. \-½psS I-u-am-c-hpwb-u-Æ-\-hpwe-lcn-bpsS I-b-§-fnse¡v ho-gmsX Imt¡ï-Xp- \-½psS Iq-Sn- I-S-a- B-Wv.

e-l-cn- D-]tbmKwIp-Spw-_s¯ F-§s\ _m-[n-¡p-¶p-

P

q-¬- 26, -temI- e-l-cn- hn-cp-²- Zn-\w-. \q-ämïp-I-fm-bn- -tIc-f-¯n-Â- e-l-cn- D-Xv]-¶§-bpsS hn-X-c-W-hp-ap-ïv,F-¶m-Â- C-{X- I-ïv P-\-kw-Jy-bn-Â- \sÃmcp- i-X-am-\s¯ e-l-cn]n-Sn- Iq-Sn-bn-«v H-cp- Z-i-Iw- -t]mep-am-bn-«n-Ã- !...... hy-àn-bpsS i-co-cn-Im-hpw- am-\-kn-I-hpam-b -BtcmKys¯ am-{X-a-ÃIp-Spw-_-¯nsâ km-¼-¯n-I`-{Z-X-bpwsF-Iyhpw- F-Ãmw- \-ã-am-Ip-¶p- F-¶-Xv e-lcn- D-]tbmKn-Ip-¶-h-À- A-dn-bp-¶n-Ã-........

Ardra Asok

-thZ-\-bpw- Zp-J-hpw- Zp-cn-X-§-fpw- F-ÃmwA-\p-`-hnt¡ïnh-cp-¶-Xv am-Xm]n-Xm-¡-fpw- `m-cy-bpw- Ip-«n-I-fp-am-Wv, a-Zywaq-ew- \n-c-h-[nIp-Spw-_-§-fm-Wv C-¶v -tIc-f-¯n-Â- X-I-À-¶-Sn-bp-¶-Xv. `p-an-bnse \-c-I-am-Wv C-¯-c-Im-cpsS Ip-Spw-_-§-Ä-. ]-«n-Wn- \n-Xy-kw-`-h-am-bn- am-dp-I-bpw- a-¡fpsS h-f-À-¨-bpw- hn-Zym-`ym-khpw- h-gn-ap-S-§p-Ibpw- -sN¿p-¶p-. a-Zy-]-sâ `m-cy-bm-Wv G-ä-hpwIq-Sp-X-Â- am-\-kn-I-hpw- i-co-cn-Im-hp-am-b- ] o-U-\-§-Ä- G-äp-hmt§ïn- h-cp-¶-Xv. \n-c-´-cam-b- kw-L-À-j-§-Ä- A-hsc -tcmKn-bm-¡n- am-äpI-bpw- -sN¿p-¶p-. a-Zy-]-cpsS `m-cy`-À-Xy- _-Ôw]-et¸mgpw- X-I-À-¨-bpsS h-¡-¯m-bn-cn-¡pw-.

e- l- c n- D- ] tbmKn- ¡p- ¶ - h - c n-  - Im- Ws]Sp¶- kw- i- b tcmKw- ]- c - kv] - c - hn- i- z m- kw- \-i n¸n- ¡p- ¶ - ¯ n- \ p- Im- c - W- a m- b n- ¯n- c p- ¶ p- . IpSpw- _ - `- {Z- X - X- I - c p- ¶ tXm- s S Ip- «n- I -fpsS kz- kvY - X - Iq- Sn- \- in- ¡p- ¶ p- .Zm- ¼ - X n- I-fpsS - s ]mcp- ¯t¡Sn-  - \n- ¶ v D- ï m- ¡p- ¶ - kwL- À - j w- G- ä - h p- a m- [ n- I w- _m- [ n- ¡p- ¶ - X v Ip«n- I sfbm- Wv. Ip- «n- I - fpsS hn- I m- c - § - Ä- am\n- ¡s¸Sms¯ A- h - kvY - b pw- e- l- c n- D-] tbmKn- ¡p- ¶ - h - c psS ho- Sp- I - fn-  - Im- Wmw-. C-Xv Ip- «n- I - fpsS hy- à n- X - z - cq- ] o- I - c - ¶ s¯ _m-[n¡pw- . - t Ic- f- ¯ n-  - h- À - [ n- ¨ p- h- c p- ¶ - Km- À-l n-I]o- U m- § - fpw- hn- h m- ltamN- \ - h pw- F- Ãmw- -s ] mXp- h m- b n- N- À - ¨ - - s Nbp- ¶ - h- kvX p- X - I - fm- Wv C-¯ cw- {]- iv\ - § - Ä - kr- ã n- ¡p- ¶ - ¯n- epw- A- X v h-f-À¯p- ¶ - ¯ n- epw- e- l- c n- h- en- b - ]- ¦ v h- ln- ¡p-¶p-.

BtcmKy- h pwkm- a m- [ m- \ - h pw- \n- d-ªH- c p- \- Ã- Ip- Spw- _ - a m- Wv \mw- F- Ãm-c psS bpw- e- £ yw- . A- X n- \ v \- ½ p- ¡v H-c p-an¨p- - s sI - t ImÀ- ¡mw- . e- l- c n- b psS D-] tbmKw- \- a p- ¡v X- S- b mw- \- Ã- H- c p- \msf¡m-bn-. ..

19

e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmK-hpwIq-Sn-h-cp-\- Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-§-fpwAnuja A

sF-Iy-cm-{ã-k`-bpsS

B-l-zm-\-a-\p-kcn-¨v 1987 ap-X-Â- F-Ãm-h-À-j-hpw- Pq-¬- 26 A-´m-cm{ã- e-l-cn-hn-cp-²- Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-¡p-¶p-.. ‘anI-¨- ]-cn-N-c-W-¯n-\m-bn- an-I-¨- A-dn-hv “ F-¶-XmWv C-u- h-À-js¯ N-À-¨m-hn-j-bw-.

2019 -se -thÄ-Uv {U-Kv dnt¸mÀ-«v A-\pkcn-¨v e-l-cn-h-kvXp-¡-fpsS Zp-cp-]tbmKw-aq-ewZp-cn-X-a-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-h-À- -temI-¯v 35 Z-i-e-£am-Wv. C-Xn-Â- G-gnsemcm-Ä-¡v am-{Xta Nn-In-Õ e-`n-¡p-¶p-Åq-. -temI-¯v {]-Xn-h-À-jw- e-l-cnh-kvXp-¡-Ä- Im-c-W-am-bn- 11.8 Z-i-e-£w- a-c-W§-Ä- \-S-¡p-¶p-ïv. -tcmKw- aq-e-ap-Å- BtKmf_m-²y-X-bpsS H-¶-c-ap-X-Â- A-©v i-X-am-\w- hsc e-l-cn- D-]tbmK-hp-am-bn- _-Ôs¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p-.

hn-jm-ZtcmKw-, A-an-X-am-b- D-XvI-WvT-, kw-i-b tcmK-§-Ä-, , B-ß-l-Xym-{]-h-W-X- F-¶n-h- e-lcn- Im-c-W-ap-ïm-Ip-¶p-. -tdmU-]-I-S-§-fn-Â- 33 i-X-am-\-hpw- e-l-cn-bp-am-bn- _-Ôs¸«n-cn-¡p¶p-. Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-§-fpsS h-À-²-\-bpsS {]-[m-\- Imc-Ww- e-l-cn- D-]tbmK-am-Wv. -sIme-]m-X-I-§-fptSbpw- am-\-`w-K- {i-a-§fptSbpw- ]n-¶nse {]-[m-\- hn-Ã-\pw- a-Zy-]m-\-hpwa-b-¡v a-cp-¶p-I-fpsSbpw

H- c p- a n- ¨ p- Å - D- ] tbmKw- Xs¶bm- Wv. C- h - D-] tbmKn- ¨ v e- l- c n- b psS D- ³ - a m- Z - A- h - kvY - bn-Âkl- P o- h nsb - s h«n- \p- d p- ¡p- ¶ - In- c m- X - hn- j-ambn- a- b - ¡p- a - c p- ¶ v am- d p- ¶ p- . a- b - ¡v a- c p- ¶ n-s â D- ] tbmK- ¯n- Â - h- ¶ - Ip- X n- ¨ v Nm- «w- \mw- Xn-c n-¨ dn- b msX - t ]mIp- ¶ p- ï v.

- I- ©m- h pw- , a- ä v e- l- c n- a- c p- ¶ p- I - fpw- , - t Ic-f¯n- Â - kp- e- ` - a m- b n- e- ` n- ¡m- ³ - Xp- S- § n- b n- c n-¡p¶p- . I- ©m- h v - t ]m- s ebp- Å - h- kvX p- ¡- Ä -¡v D- Å - e- ` y- X - b pw- hn- e- ¡p- d - h pw- h- fsc c- l- ky-ambn- D- ] tbmKn- ¡m- ³ - I- g n- b p- ¶ - X pw- - s Ndn- b - {] m- b - ¯ n- Â - Xs¶ C- h - b psS D- ] tbmKw- Iq- Sp-¶Xn- \ v Im- c - W- a m- b n- . C- ¯ - c w- h- À - ² - \ - h n- \ v F-Xnsc i- à - a m- b - \n- e- ] m- Sp- I - Ä - F- Sp- ¡m- ³ - \- ap-¡v I- g n- ª n- Ã- F- ¶ - kXyw- \mw- Xn- c n- ¨ - d n- b - Ww- .

- s Im¨p- Ip- «n- I - Ä - - t ]mepw- ]n- U - \ - ¯n- \ v C-c bm- h p- I - b pw- , I- u - a m- c - {]m- b - ¡m- À - In- c m- X-am-b- s Ime- ] m- X - I - § - Ä - ¡v Im- c - W- a m- I p- I -bpw- s N¿p- ¶ - X v a- b - ¡v a- c p- ¶ v F- ¶ - A - Wp- - t _mw-_ v aq- ew- Xs¶bm- Wv

20

e-l-cn-

Nandana Krishna K.N.

]-e- cq-]-¯n-epw- `m-h-¯n-epw-

e

-l-cn-, -tIh-ew- aq-¶-£-c-¯nsâ i-ànb-Ã- C-Xn-\p-Å-Xv. a-dn-¨v Cu- -temI-¯ns\ Xs¶ ]-Sp-Ip-gn-bn-Â- ho-gv¯m-\p-Å- H-cp- hn-IrX-cq-]-hpw- A-Xn-\p-ïv. -sIm¨p- Ip-«n-I-Ä- ap-X-Â{]m-b-am-b-h-À- hsc A-dntªm A-dn-bmsX-tbm C-¶v e-l-cn-¡v A-Sn-as¸Sp-¶p-. -thjw- am-dn- h-cp¶- {Iq-c-³-amsc -t]m-se C-¶v e-l-cn-bpw- ]-e- cq]-¯n-Â- \-½psS ap-¶nse¯p-¶p-. A-h- Xp-d¡p-¶- am-bmtemI-¯nte¡v \mw- A-dn-bmsX Xs¶ Im-Â- h-gp-Xn- ho-gp-¶p-. H-cp- I-u-Xp-I-¯n\m-bn- B-Zyw- D-]tbmKn-¨v Xp-S-§p-I-bpw- ]n-¶o-Sv A-Sn-as¸Sp-I-bpw- -sN¿p-¶p-. ]n-¶o-Sv F-Ãmw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªv A-Xn-Â- \n-¶v Xn-cn-¨v h-cpt¼m-tg¡pw- Po-hn-X-¯nse F-Ãm- k-t´mj§-fpw- aq-ey-§-fpw- \-ãs¸«n-cn-¡pw-. C-Xn-\p-Zml-c-W-am-bn- F-{Xtbm -t]À- B-ß-l-Xy-bpsS hmXn-Â- Xp-d-¶n-«p-ïv. a-Wn- -sNbn-³- am-Xr-I-bn-Â- ]-²-Xn- X-bm-dm-¡ne-l-cn- hn-Â-¸-\- kw-L-§-Ä- Np-hm-¡sf I-®nI-fm-¡p-¶p-.]p-Xp- e-l-cn- ]-co-£-W-§-fn-Â- a-b§n- bp-hm-¡-Ä- -tcmK-§-Ä-¡v A-Sn-as¸Sp-¶p-.

MD MA, {_-u-Wn-jp-K-À- l-jo-jv Xp-S-§n- am-c-Iam-b- e-l-cn- h-kvXp-¡-fpsS D-]tbmKw- bp-hm-¡-Ä¡n-S-bn-Â- hym-]n-¡p-¶p-. B-Zyw- -sNdn-b- hn-e-bv¡v km-[-\w- \-Â-In- A-Sn-as¸Sp-¯n-b- -tijw- IqSp-X-Â- ]-Ww- -ssI¡-em-¡p-¶p.- C-h- In-«msX h-cpt¼mÄ- at\m\n-e- -sXäp-¶p-. A-§s\ A-Sn-a-I-fm-Ip-¶p-. C-X-c- kw-kvYm-\- -sXmgn-emfn-Isf D-]tbmKn-¨m-Wv e-l-cn- h-kvXp-¡-ÄPn-Ã-I-fnte¡v C-d-¡p-a-Xn- -sN¿p-¶-Xv. kq-¸-Àkvän-¡-À-, -tXmïn- cm-km-b-\w-, -sshäv ]-u-U-À-, -tUmkv, D-Um-kv, C-§s\ ]-e- cq-]-¯n-ÂC-h- F-¯p-¶I-ïm-Â- -t]¸-À- I-j-Wsa¶v tXm¶n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv kq-¸-Àkq-¸-À- kvän-¡-À- C-h- \m-hn-\Sn-bnsem«n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. Kp-cpX-c- BtcmKy- {]-iv\-§-Ä-¡v Im-c-W-amtb¡m-hp-¶- kvän-¡-Àbp-hm-¡Ä - ¡ - n-Sb - n-Â-hym-]I - a- m-Wv. I-©m-hns\m¸w- hn-hn-[- h-kvXp¡-Ä- -tNÀ-¯v -telyw- cq-]¯n-ep-Å- e-l-cn- h-kvXp-hm-Wv -tXmïn- cm-km-b-\w-.-t_m«n-ep-Ifn-epw-]m-¡ä- p-If- n-epw-C-h-e-`y-am-Wv.

21

]-e- Pn-Ã-I-fn-epw- h-³tXmXn-Â- I-©m-hv F-¯p¶-Xv C-¯-c-¯n-Â- a-cp-¶v cq-]-¯n-Â- D-]tbmKnIp-¶-Xn-\m-¶v.

-sshäv ]-u-U-À- F-¶- -t]cn- em-Wv {_-u-¬-jp-K-Àbp-hm-¡-Ä-¡n-S-bn-Â- {]-N-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.I-S-em-kn-Â]-u-U-À- h-¨v aq-¡n-eqsS h-en-¨p- I-b-äp-I-bm-Wv. A-Sp-¯nsS C-Xnsâ D-]tbmKw- h-À-[n-¨p- h-cnI-bm-Wv. e-l-cn-kn-dn-©p-I-fm-¡n- i-co-c-¯n-ÂIp-¯n-h-bv¡p-¶-Xm-Wv -tUmkv. I-Stemc- -taJe-I-fn-em-Wv C-¯-c-¯n-ep-f- e-l-cn-bpsS D-] tbmKw- hÀ-[n-¨p- h-cp-¶-Xv. kn-K-c-än-Â- I-©m-hv \n-d¨v \-Â-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv D-Um-kv.kn-K-c-änse ]p-I-bn-e\o-¡n-b- -tijw- A-Xn-Â- I-©m-hv \n-d-bv¡p-¶p-.

I-©m-hnsâ a-Ww- ]p-d-¯p- h-cm-Xn-cn-¡m-³- Nne- cm-kh-kvXp-¡-Ä- I-e-À-¯pw-.I-®v Np-h-¡mXn-cn-¡m-³- Xp-Ån-a-cp-¶pw- D-]tbmKn-¡p-¶p-.

D-½-¯pwIm-b-bpsS D-Ån-ep-f-Xv -s]mSn-¨v cm-kh-kvXp-¡-Ä- -tNÀ-¯v C-Xv e-l-cnbm-bn- D-]tbmKn-¡p-¶p-.

Iq-SmsX an-Tm-bn-, -tIme-, ]m-¡v F-¶o- cq-]-§fn-epw- Ht«-sd e-l-cn- kÖo-h-am-Wv. X-et¨mdns\ bpw- \m-Uo-hyq-l-¯ns\bpw- _m-[n-¡p-I-bpwat\m\n-e- A-h-Xm-f-¯n-em-¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿p-¶-Xn s\m¸w- a-äv am-c-I- -tcmK-§-Ä-¡p- hsc A-Snas¸Sm-³- e-l-cn- Im-c-W-am-Ip-¶p-. an-Tm-bn- cq-]-¯nep-Å- e-l-cn- -s]mXp- hn-]-Wn-bn-en-d-¡n- Ip-«n-Isf A-h-c-dn-bmsX Xs¶ e-l-cn-¡-Sn-as¸Sp-¯p-¶p-. e-l-cn-¡-Sn-as¸Sp-¶-h-³- Xs¶ Ip-Spw-_s¯ a-d¡p-¶p-, k¼-¯v \-in-¸n-¡p-¶p-, kaq-l-¯n-ÂH-äs¸Sp-¶p-, e-l-cn- hm-§m-³- ]-Wt¯mSv A-XymÀ-¯n- Im-Wn-¡p-¶p-,

A-Xn-\p- -thïn- Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-§-Ä- -sN¿p-¶p-.A§s\ A-bm-Ä- kz-´w- i-co-cs¯bpw- a-\-kns\ bpw- \-in-¸n-¡p-¶p-, kz-bw- \-in-¡p-¶p-.C§s\ B-À-¡pw- -thïmsX F-Ãm-h-À-¡pw- H-cp`m-c-am-bn- am-dmsX Po-hn-X- aq-ey-§sf ap-dpsI ]n-Sn-¨v e-l-cn-bpsS am-bmtemI-¯n-Â- ho-gmsX X-S-k§sf A-Xn-Po-hn-¨v apt¶dp-I-. F-Ãm-h-cpwP-\n-¡p-¶-Xv \-Ã-h-\m-bn-«m-Wv ]t£ Po-hn-Xkm-l-N-cy-§-fpw- Np-äp-]m-Spw- ku-lr-Z-§-fp-amWv A-h-³- Xp-S-À-¶v F-§s\ Po-hn-¡-Wsa¶v \n-À-W-bn-¡p-¶-Xv.’N-§m-Xn- \-¶m-bm-Â- I-®mSn- -thï-’ F-¶- ]-gs©mÃv C-hnsSbpw- bm-Ym-ÀYy-am-Wv.H-cp- \-Ã- N-§m-Xn- A-bmsf -t\À-h-gn-¡v \-bn-¡pw-. e-l-cn- -t]mep-Å- N-Xn-¡p-gn-I-fn-ÂA-h-³- H-cn-¡-epw- ho-gn-Ã-.” -tl, e-l-cn- -thjw- amdn- \o- F-{X- \-Ã-h-\m-bn- h-c-W- -thj-§-f-Wn-ªv h-¶m-epw- \nsâ b-Ym-À-Y- cq-]w-, \nsâ hn-Ir-X -cq-]w- Rm-³- Xn-cn-¨-dn-bpw-. \nsâ N-§m-¯wF-\n-¡v -thï-, Po-hn-X- e-l-cn-bmsW-sâ N-§mXn- “F-¶v \n-Êw-i-bw- ]-d-bm-\p-Å- -ss[cyw- -ssIhcs«. Po-hn-X-¯n-Â- apt¶dm-³- I-gn-bs«. e-l-cn-bn-Â- \n-¶v ap-àn- -t\Sm-³- H-cp-]m-Sv I-u-¬-ken-§v skâ-dp-I-Ä- C-¶v {]-h-À-¯n¡p-¶p-ïv. i-cn-bm-b- -t_m[-h-Â-¡-c-W-¯neqsSbpw- at\m-ss[cy-¯n-eqsSbpw- am-{Xta BtcmKy-ap-Å- H-cp- bp-h-X-e-ap-dsb \-ap-¡v hmÀs¯Sp-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-I-bp-Åq-. BtcmKy-ap-ÅH-cp- bp-h-X-e-ap-d-bpsS `m-hn-¡m-bn- \-ap-¡v ]-cn{i-an-¡mw- .

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Bismi Shanavas

Po-hn-X-am-I-Ww-

e-l-cn-..... k

aq-lw- C-¶v A-`n-ap-Jn-I-cn-¨psImïncn-¡p-¶- H-cp- h-en-b- km-aq-ln-I- hn-]¯m-Wv e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw-. H-cp- hy-ànsb bpw- A-h-cpsS Ip-Spw-_s¯bpw- Htc -t]m-se \-in-¸n-¡p-¶- H-¶m-Wv A-Xv. ]-e-X-cw- e-lcn- h-kvXp-¡-Ä- \-½psS \m-«n-Â- C-¶v kp-e`-am-Wv. A-h-bpsS D-]tbmK-hpw- hn-X-c-Whpw- h-en-b- -tXmXn-Â- \-S-¡p-¶p-ïv Xm-\pw-.

C-Xn-Â- G-ä-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-Â- A-Is¸Sp-¶-Xv \-½psS bp-h-X-e-ap-d-bm-Wv. e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKs¯]-än-sR«n-¡p-¶- hn-h-c-§-fm-Wv Zn-\w-{]-Xn- Zr-iy-{ihy- am-[y-a-§-fn-eqsS \-ap-¡v ap-¶nse¯p-¶-Xv. Cu- km-aq-ln-I-kvYn-Xn- Xp-S-cp-I-bmsW¦n-Â- Xn-cn¨p-]n-Sn-¡m-\m-Im-¯-hn-[w- \-½psS kaq-lw- h-ensbmcp- Zp-cn-X-I-b-¯nte¡m-Ipw- -sN-s¶¯p-I-.

Cu- kvYn-Xn-¡v H-cp- am-äw- h-c-Ww-, h-cp-¯Ww-. A-hnsS \n-¶m-I-Ww- \mw- Nn-´n-¨p- XpSt§ï-Xv, {]-h-À-¯n-¨pXp-St§ï-Xpw-.

C-¯-c-¯nseÃmw- e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw- Iq-Sp¶psï¦n-epw-, A-h-bn-Â- \ns¶Ãmw- ap-ànt\ Sn- Po-hn-X-hn-P-bw- -ssIh-cn-¨-hscbpw- \mw- hn-kvacn-¡-cp-Xv. "C-\n-bpw- Po-hn-¡-Ww-.

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"F-¶- Nn-´- H-¶v -sImïv am-{X-am-Imw-, A-hscÃmwe-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmK-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- ]n-´n-cn-¶-Xv. AtX Nn-´- a-äp-Å-h-cnte¡pw- F-¯n-¡m-\m-bm-ÂH-cp- ]-cn-[n- hsc e-l-cn- F-¶- hn-Ã- \n-Â- \n-¶pw\-ap-¡v a-äp-Å-hsc c-£n-¡m-\m-Ipw-.Po-hn-X-am-Wv e-l-cn-.. A-Xm-I-Ww- e-l-cn- “F-¶v H-cp- hy-ànsb -t_m[ys¸Sp-¯p-I-bm-Wv \mw- -sN-t¿ï-Xv. A-X{X- F-fp-¸-am-I-Wsa¶n-Ã-. F-¦n-epw- \mw- A-Xn\m-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-I- Xs¶ -sN¿pw-. {U-¤v do-lm-_n-entäj-³- skâ-dp-I-fn-eqsSbpw-, I-u¬-kn-enw-Kp-I-fn-eqsSbpsam-s¡ \-ap-¡v A-Xv km-[y-am-Ipw-. Cu- hn-[saÃmw- Po-hn-X-¯nte¡v Xn-cnsI h-¶-h-À- H-cp-]m-Sm-Wv. A-h- \-½n-Â{]-Xym-i- D-W-À-¯p-I-bpw- -sN¿p-¶p-.

BtcmKy-hpw-, kam-[m-\-hp-ap-ÅH-cp- \-Ã- kaq-l-am-Wv \mw- G-h-cpsSbpw- e-£yw-.

A-Xn-\m-bn- e-l-cnsb Cu- kaq-l-¯n-Â- \n-¶pwXp-S-¨p-\ot¡ï-Xv A-Xy-´mt]£n-X-am-Wv. H-äsI«m-b- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-eqsS am-{Xta \-ap-¡Xv km-[y-am-Iq-.e-l-cn- ap-à-am-b- H-cp- kaq-ls¯ hm-Às¯Sp-¡m-\p-Å- b-Ú-¯n-Â- \mtam-tcm¯À-¡pw- ]-¦m-fn-bm-Imw-, \m-Sn-sâ D-¶-a-\-¯n-\m-bn-ssI-tImÀ-¯p- {]-h-À-¯n-¡mw-..... \-Ã- \msf-sb hm-Às¯Sp-¡mw-......

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE

D

rug abuse inflicts immeasurable harm on public health and safety around the world each year, and threatens the peaceful development and smooth functioning of many societies. An understanding of the economic costs of drug abuse is necessary to develop policies that reduce such costs.

Attempts to calculate the global monetary burden of drug abuse, however, are mired in data limitations in many areas that must be taken into account to arrive at even a rough estimate of the global cost of drug abuse. *Impact on health A person’s health is greatly affected by drug abuse. Economically, this manifests itself in prevention and treatment costs, health-care and hospital costs, increased morbidity and mortality.

Cost of drug prevention and treatment The phenomenon of drug abuse requires societies to dedicate resources to evidence-based prevention, education and interventions, including treatment and rehabilitation.

Ashna Latheef Heroin, cannabis and cocaine are the drugs most frequently reported by people entering treatment worldwide. It is estimated that only one in six problem drug users worldwide, some 4.5 million people, receives the required treatment, at a global cost of about $35 billion annually. Finally the emergence of illicit drug cultivation and manufacture in residential areas brings with it concern about reduced quality of life for residents, neighbourhood decay and property damage resulting from child endangerment, criminal activity and explosions.

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*Impact on productivity A further cost of drug abuse that is often cited is the loss in productivity that can occur when drug users are under the influence of drugs or are experiencing the consequences ot their drug abuse.Costs from labour non-particiapation Productivity losses are calculated as work that would be reasonably expected to have been done if not for drug use(a loss of potential income and output and therefore GDP) as a result of a reduction in the supply or effectiveness of the workforce.Lost productivity in the united states as a result of labour non-participation is significant:$120 billion( or 0.9 percent of GDP) amounting to all drug related costs.similar studies in Australia and Canada identified losses of 0.3 percent of GDP and 0.4 percent of GDP, respectively.

In those two countries, the cost of lost productivity was estimated to be 8 and 3 times higher, respectively than health-related costs due to morbidity, ambulatory care, physician visits and other related consequences. _Costs from treatment participation, hospitalization, incarceration and premature mortality_ While in treatment or when incarcerated, drug users maybe unable

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to participate in work, education or training, adding to the economic loss, in addition to the cost of treatment or incarceration.It should be noted that this productivity costs will be lower if job opportunities are already scarce as a whole. *impact on governance Drug traffickers in countries all over the world corrupt officials at all levels of law enforcement and government in order to continue with their criminal activities unimpeded. As a result, citizens in affected areas often live with compromised law enforcement institutions. *Impact on specific populations _Low-income populations_ Drug abuse and poverty are linked in multiple ways.Drug abuse may occur to relieve the stress associated with poverty, chronic social strain and other difficult events.

Additionally the relationship between drugs and poverty can also work in the inverse direction:drug abuse can deplets user’s income.

h-f-À-¶p-h-cp-¶- X-e-ap-d-bpw e-l-cn-bpsS -sIWn-I-fpw-

\

m- S n- s â `m-hnsb Xs¶ A-]-I-S- ¯ n-  B- I p- ¶ - \n-e -bn-Â- _m-e y-I-u- a m- c - § Ä- I v I- W n- H-cp-¡ p-I-bm-W v e-l -cn- am- ^ n- b - . i- X tImSn- I - Ä- a-dn-bp-¶- a-b-¡ p-a-cp-¶v hn- ] - Wnbn-  - A- ´ - À t±iy- At[m-temIw- ap-X -Â- kvI q- Ä Ip- « n- I - Ä- hsc I-® n-I-Ä- B-W v. ]p-I- b n- e- , I- © m- h v , Xp- S -§ n-b-h-bn-Â- \n-¶p-Å- hn- h n- [ - X cw- D-  - ¸ - ¶ - §-f pw- a-b-¡ p-Kp-f n-I-I-f pw-, Ip- ¯nshbv ¸ v a- c p- ¶ p-IsfÃmw- A-S -§ p-¶-X m-W v e- lcn- b psS km- { am-P yw-. B-{ ^n-¡ -³- cm-Py- § - Ä - . ^n- e n- ¸ o- ³- k v F-¶n-hn-S -§ -f n-Â- \n-¶v C-´y- b psS {]- [ m- \ - - s a- t {Sm \-K -c-§ -f n-Â- F-¯p-¶ - e- lcn- D- Xv ]- ¶- § -f psS {]-[m-\- hn-]-W tI{µ- a m- b n- tIc- f w- am- d n- ¡ -gn-ª n-« v Im-e ta-sdbm-bn-. - t Kmh- , aw- K - f p- c p- h- g n- h-S -¡ -³- -tIc-f -¯n-e pw- -sN- s s¶ h- g n- - s X¡pw- e-l -cn- H-gp-In-¸-c-¡ p-¶p-. a- Z y- ¯ nÂ- \ n- ¶ v h- g n- am-dp-¶- bp-h-X - a-b-¡ p-a-c p- ¶ n- \ v A- S ns¸Sp- ¶ - A-]-I-S -I-c-am-b- Im-gvN -bm-W v - t Icfw- - t \cn- S p- ¶ - ka-Im-e n-I-Z p-c-´ w-. e- l - c n- bpsS {]-[m-\- D-]t`màm-¡ -f pw- I- S- ¯ pIm- c pw- ]p- X p- X - e -ap-d-¡ m-cmsW¶p- -sXfn-bn- ¡p- ¶ Ht«- s d kw- `-h-§ -Ä- kao-]-Im-e -¯p-ï m- b n- . kÀ- ¡m- À - kw- h n-[m-\-§ -Ä- \-S -¯p-¶- e-l - c nth«^- e - { ]- Z - a msW¶-X n-\p- h-À -[n-¨p-h-cp-¶- - t IkpI- f psS F- ®w- Xs¶bm-W v -sXfn-hv. F- ¶ m-  - , F- ¯ p- ¶- e- l-cn-h-k vX p-¡ -f psS hym-]vX n- I- W¡nseSp- ¡ pt¼mÄ- Cu- cw-K-¯v C-\n-b pta- s d - s N¿m- \ psï¶p- \n-k w-i -bw- ]-d-bm-\m-Ipw- .

Bhavana Ajith

`m- h n- X - e- a p- d sb Im- À - ¶ p- X n- ¶ p- ¶ - Cu- hn-]¯ns¶ ]n- Sn- ¨ psI«m- \ p- Å - I- À - a - ] - c n- ] m- Sn- b m-W v hn- h n- [ - kÀ- ¡m- À - h- I p- ¸ p- I - Ä - C- X n- \ m- b n- \-S¯p- ¶ - {]- h - À - ¯ - \ - § - Ä - . F- ¶ m- Â - , a- b - ¡p-a-c p¶v ]- c ntim[- \ - b pw- ]n- Sns¨Sp- ¡- epw- Ip- ä - h m-fn-IÄs¡Xnscbm- b - \n- b - a - \ - S- ] - Sn- I - fpw- am- {Xw- -t] mcm- Cu- B- ] - Â - kÔnsb ap- d n- ¨ p- I - S- ¡m-³-. am- ^ n- b - b p- a m- b n- I- ®ntNÀ- ¡s]Sm- X n- c n- ¡m-³kaq- ls¯bmsI - t _m[- h - Â - ¡- c n- ¡m- \ p-ÅA- X n- {_n- l- ¯ m- b - H- c p- {]- h - À - ¯- \ - ] - ² - Xn-bpwA- \ n- h m- c y- a m- Wv. hn- h n- [ - h- I p- ¸ p- I sf kwtbmPn- ¸ n- ¨ psImïp-Å‘hn- a p- à n- ’ an- j - \ v kÀ- ¡m- À - cq- ] w- \- Â - In-b-Xv Cu- e- £ yt¯m- s S B- Wv. Cu- Sm- kvI v - t ^mgvk nsâ {]- h - À - ¯ - \ - § - Ä - hn- h n- [ - X- e- ¯n- eqsS Xmsg X- «p- h scbm- Wv. e- £ y- a n- Sp- ¶ - {]m- b - h n- ` m- K - ¯n-\p]- c - a m- h - [ n- ]- ¦ m- fn- ¯w- e- ` n- ¡- ¯- ¡- h n- [ - a m-W v - t _m[- h - X vI - c - W- ]- c n- ] m- Sn- I - Ä - B- h n- j vI - c n-¡p¶- X v.

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e- l - c n- h- kv X p-¡ -f p-am-bn- ]n-S n-¡ p-¶-h-c n-  - \ sÃmcp- ]- ¦ pw- {]tem`-\-Â-I-Ä-Iv A-S ns¸«v Iymcn- b - À - a m- À - B-Ip-¶-h-cm-W v. h-f -À -¨-bpsS hnhn- [ - L- « - §- f n-Â- Ip-« n-I-f n-Â- D-ïm-Ip- ¶ - Z- u À- _ - e y- § sf ap-X seSp-¡ p-¶-X v, X-§- fpsS h- e - b n-  - Ip-S p-§ p-I- F-¶-X -{ ´-am-Wv e- lcn- h ym- ] m- c n- I - Ä- D-]tbmKn-¡ p-¶-X v. C- â - À s\ äv ku- I - c y- § -f p-Å- -t^mWpw- C-cp-N -{ I- hm- l\- h pw- a- ä p- kp-J-k u-I-cy-§ -f pw- F-à mw- kz- ´ wB- I p- I - F- ¶ - Nn-´-bn-Â- Ip-« n-I-Ä- A-d n- b msX h- e - b n-  - Ip- S p-§ p-¶p-. e-l -cn-bpw- A-Ç o-e- hn- U ntbmI- f pw- Hs¡ CtXkvX w- e-`y-am-¡ n- Ip- «n- I fpsS km- a m- \ yt_m[s¯bpw- aq-e y-k I- - ¸ - § sfbpw- X- ¨ p- S - ¡ p-¶p-. k!!ss!!_-À - -temIs¯ C- ¯ - c w- - s IWn-I-f pw- ]p-X n-b- Im-e -¯v Gsd K- u c- h t¯m- s S N- À -¨- -sN¿s¸-tSï-X m-W v. ]p- X p- X - e - a p- d sb F-à m-X -cwPo- À - W- X I- f n-  \n-¶pwkw-c-£ n-¨p\n- À - ¯m\p- Å{i-a-¯n-Âkaq-l sam¶msI A- W n- ª n- c nt¡ï- Im-e -L-« -am-W n-X v. C- ¡mcy- ¯ n-  - A- [ym-]-I-À -¡ pw- c-£ n-X -I-À -¡p- a p- Å ]- ¦ v F- S p- ¯ p- ]-dtbï-X m-b-X v.

Ip- «n- I - fnse am- ä - § - Ä - kkq- j va w- \o- c o- £n-¡phm- \ pw- A- h - c nse - s shI- ey- § - Ä - Isï¯p-h m-\ pw- F- fp- ¸ w- I- g n- b p- ¶ - X v C- h - À - ¡m- Wv. kvIq-Ä_m- K p- I - fpw- - t ^mWpw- ]- c ntim[n- ¡m- \ pw- A-k z`m- h n- I - a m- b n- Fs´¦n- epw- Isï¯n- b m-  - K-u-c h- ¸ q- À - h w- - s {i²n- ¡m- \ pw- X- ¿ m- d m- h - Ww- . kÀ- ¡m- À - B- ` n- a p- J y- ¯n-  - D- Å - X p- a m- b - Ht«sd - t _m[- h - X vI - c - W- {]- h - À - ¯ - § - Ä - F-à mX- e- § - fn- epw- \- S- ¶ p- h - c p- ¶ p- ï v. - t ]meo-k v, F- I vk!!ss!!kv, BtcmKyw- , hn- Z ym- ` ym- kw- , bp- h-P-\ t£aw- , k¶- ² - kw- L - S- \ - I - fpw- Xp- S- § n- b - h-Ip¸p- I - Ä - - t bmPn- ¨ p- \ o- § n- Cu- a- lm- h n- ] - ¯ns\ - t h- t cm- s S ]n- g psXSp- ¡- Ww- . F- ¦ n-  - am- {Xta \ sÃmcp- `m- h n- X - e- a p- d sb hm- À s¯Sp- ¡m- \ m- Ip- \ sÃmcp- \m- fsb hm- À s¯Sp- ¡p- I - F- ¶ - X v \-½-ÄHmtcmcp- ¯ - c psSbpw- D- ¯- c - h m- Z n- X y- a m- Wv. A-Xn\m- b n- \mw- Hmtcmcp- ¯ - c pw- ]- c n- {i- a n- ¡- Ww- ......

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Ip-«n-I-fnse e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKwMridula Sethuraj

]- Z m- À - ° - § - fpsS e- ` y- X - B- Wv ]- e- Ip- «n-Isfbpw- e- l- c ntbmS- Sp- ¸ n- ¡p- ¶ sX¦n-  - a- \-i mkv{X- ] - c - a m- b - Im- c - W- § - fm- Wv a- d p- ] m- Xnsb B- I - À - j n- ¡p- ¶ - X v. a- ä p- hn- Z ym- À - ° n- I - Ä - ¡ v C-Sbn-  - lotdm B- I m- ³ - D- Å - Ip- d p- ¡v h- g n- b m-W v ]- e- Ip- «n- I - Ä - ¡pw- e- l- c n- B- c m- [ - I - c m- bn- amdp- ¶ - X v. e- l- c n- D- ] tbmKn- ¡p- ¶ - Ip- «n- I - Ä-¡v - t hdn- «p- Å - H- c p- {i- ² - b pw- ]- c nthj- h pw- e- `n-¡p¶p- F- ¶ - X v bm- Y m- À - Y y- a m- Wv. ho- «n- epw- ¢m- Ên-e pw- t hï- {X- ]- c n- K - W- \ - e- ` n- ¡msX h- c pt¼mgpw-, Kr- lm- ´ - c o- £ - ¯nse kw- L - À - j - § - fpw- C- f w-{] m- b - ¡msc e- l- c n- b psS Iq- «p- I m- c m- ¡n- am- ä p-¶p-. kn- \ n- a - - t ]mep- Å - P- \ - {]n- b - am- [ y- a - § - fnse e-l cn- D- ] tbmK- c w- K - § - Ä - e- l- c n- b p- a - b n- A- \ p-c m-K¯nteÀs¸Sm- ³ - C- h sc - t {]cn- ¸ n- ¡p- ¶ p- ï v . kplr- ¯p- ¡- fpsSbpw- kl- h m- kn- I - fptSbpw- -t{] c- W- b pw- , k½- À - ± - h pw- h- g n- e- l- c nteIt¯¡v I- S- ¶ p- h- c p- ¶ - h - c pw- Ip- d - h - Ã- .

F- Ãm- Im- c y- ¯ n- epsa¶t]m- s e a- ¡sf Im- ¡m- \ p- Å - c- £ n- X m- ¡- fpsS I- g n- h n- \ -\pkcn- ¨ m- b n- c n- ¡m- A- h - c - kzo- I - c n- ¡p- ¶ - -t\Àh- g n- b pw- Zp- j n- ¨ - am- À - K - § - fpw- . a- ¡- f psS - t ]m¡pw- io- e- § - fpw- Iq- «psI«psam-s ¡ c- £ n- X m- ¡-  - {i- ² n- ¡p- ¶ nse¦n-  - A-h -ÀF- ¶ t¶¡p- a m- b n- - s sIhn- «p- - t ]mIpsa¶v Xo-À¨- . A- Sn- ¨ - a - À - ¯n- - s Imïp- Å - `- c - Wt¯¡m-ÄA- ` n- I m- a ywkv- t \l- ¯ n- eq- ¶ n- b D-] tZi- § - fpw- im- k\- I - fp- a m- Wv.

P

q- ¬ - 26, -temI- e-l -cn- hn-cp-²- Zn-\w- . hyXy- kv X - cq-]-§ -f n-e pw- `m-h-§ -f n-e pw- BtKmf- kaq- l- ¯n-Â- e-l -cn- kr-ãn-¡ p-¶- A- ] I- S - § sf - t cJs¸Sp-¯p-¶- Zn-\w-. Ht«- s d e- l - c n- hn- c p- ²- Zn-\-§ -Ä- I-S -¶p- -t]m-sb¦n- epwcm- P ym- X n- À - ¯ n- I -Ä-¡ pw-, A-hn-i -z -k §-Ä - ¡pwA- ¸ p- d w- - t emI- hy-]-I-am-bn- C-h-bp-W -À -¯p- ¶ A- ]- I - S - § sf X-c-W w- -sN¿m-³- \-½ p-¡ n- \ nbpw- B- b n- « n- à - . e- l- c n- a- c p- ¶p-I-f psS -sIWn-bn-Â- ]-e t¸mgpw- A- I s¸Sp- ¶-X v Ip-« n-I-f m-W v Po-hn-X w- Xs¶ h- g nsXän- ¡p- ¶- Cu- h-k vX p-¡ sf¡p- d n- ¨ v Ip- « n- I - Ä- ¡ v - t hï-{ X- A-dn-hnsö-X m-Wv hmkv X - h w- , A- d n- h p-ïm-bn-cps¶¦n-Â- ]-e -cpw- ZpÀ- ¤ - Xn- bn-  s]Sn-à m-bn-cp-¶p-. -tIh-e w- I-u - X p- I ¯n- \ m- bn- ]- e - cpw- B-cw-`n-¡ p-¶- Cu- Zp-È o-ew- Im«p- Xotb¡m- Ä- -thK-¯n-Â- h-f -À -¶v kaq-ls¯ Io- g v - s ¸Sp- ¯ p- I-bm-W v. H-cn-¡ -e pw- Xn-cn-¨p- I- b dm- ³- ]- ä m- ¯ - a-l m-K-À -¯-¯nte¡m-W v e- l- c nbpsS D- ] tbmàm-¡ -Ä- ]-X n-¡ p-¶-X v.

Ip- « n- I - f nse e-l -cn- e-`y-X - Ip-d-¨v -sImïv h- c m- ³\n- b-a-§ -f pw\n-b-{ ´-W -§- fpwHs¡ Dsï¦n-e pw- hn-e -¡ s¸«-X nt\mSp- Å B- k àn- Iq- Sn- h-cp-¶- A-\p-`-h-am-W p- Å - X v .Ip- « n- I - f n-  - e-l -cntbmSp-Å- B-`n-ap-Jyw- h- À ²n- ¡ m- ³- ap- J y-am-bpw- 2Im-c-W -§ -f m-W v Nq- ï nIm- W n- ¡ s¸Sp-¶-X v.

28

B- ¬ - I p- « n- I - Ä- am-{ X-a-Ã -, \-½ psS -s ]¬- I p«n- I - f pw- H- « pw- kp-c-£ n-X -c-Ã -. -tKÄ-k v - t lkvä ep- I - f n- Â - - t ^m¬- h-gn- Hm-À -U -À - -sNbvX v e- lcn- a - c p- ¶- I - Ä - F-¯n-¡ p-¶- kw-L-§ -fp- a p- ï v. tkmjy- Â - ao- U n-b-I-f pw- C-X n-\v Im-c-W -a m- I p- ¶ pïv . C- ¯ - c - ¯ n-e p-Å- {Kq-¸n-Âs]«m-Â- A- h - À - s N¿p- ¶sXÃmw- lotdmbn-k amsW¶pw-, -s N¿m- X ncp- ¶ m- Â - - t ami-¡ m-cm-Ipsa¶pw- -sXän-²-cn- ¡p- ¶ p- . a- b- ¡ p- a - c p- ¶ n-sâ “In-¡ n-”-s\ Ip-dn-¨pw- Xm- ³ ]- c o- £ n- ¨ - ]p- X n-b- kvä-^p-¡ sf Ip-dn-¨pw- F- Ãmtkmjy- Â - ao-U n-b-I-f n-Â- -t]mkväv -sN¿p- ¶ - X v a- ä pw- ka- { ]m- b-¡ m-À -¡ n-S -bn-Â- lotdm ]-c nthjw\- Â - I psa¶v Nn-e sc¦n-e pw- I-cp-X p-¶p-.

c- £ n- Xm- ¡ - Ä- {i- ²nt¡ï-X v B- h n- iy- ¯ n- e- [ n- I w- - t ]m¡- ä v a- Wn- Ip- «n- I - Ä-¡v \-  - I - c p- X v, F- ¶ p- I- c p- X n- \ym- b - a m- b - A- h n- i y-§Ä- ¡v \-  - I m- X n- c n- ¡p- I - b pw- A- c p- X v. e- l- c n-a-c p¶p- I - Ä - ¡v A- Sn- a s¸«p- F- ¶ p- d - ¸ n- ¡m- \ m- b m-ÂF- {X- b pw- - s ]- s «¶v I- u - ¬ - kn- en- M v \-  - I-W w-. ]p- d - ¯- d n- b psa- t ¶m, \m- Ws¡SmsW-t¶m I- c p- X - c p- X v. Ip- «n- b psS `m- h n- b ptSbpw- , Po-h n-X¯n- â - b pw- Im- c y- a msW¶v Hm- À - ¡p- I - . H- c p- {]iv\ w- h- ¶ m-  - H- ä s¡«m- b n- \n- ¶ v - t \cn-Sm-\ pw- Ip- Spw- _ w- IqsSbpsï¶- hn- i- z m- kw- C-¯ cw- io- e- § - fnte¡v Xn- c nsI - t ]mIm- X n- c n- ¡m-³Ip- «nsb - t {]cn- ¸ n- ¡pw- . e- l- c n- h- kvX p- ¡- fpsS e- ` y- X - Ip-d ¡p- I - , e- l- c n- D- ] tbmKw- aq- e- a p- ï m- Ip-¶BtcmKy- {]- iv\ - § sf kw- _ - Ô n- ¨ v hn-Zym-À°n- I sf - t _m[- h -  - I - c n- ¡p- I - , kIqtÄ , - t lmkvä -  - ]- c n- kc- § - fn-  - e- l- c n- hn-¸- \ - ]- c ntim[n- ¡m- ³ - kvY n- c w- kw- h n-[ m\w- D- ï m- ¡p- I - , e- l- c n- hn-  - ¸ - \ - ¡m-À-¡v I- Sp- ¯- in- £ - \-  - I p- I - Xp- S- § n- b - \n- b -a-amÀ- K - § - Ä - I- À - i- \ - a m- b n- \- S- ¸ m- ¡n- b m-  - am-{Xta e- l- c n- a- c p- ¶ p- I - fn-  - \n- ¶ v C- fw- X - e- a p-d sb c- £ n- ¡m- \ m- h p- I - b p- Å p- .

29

e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKwkaq-ls¯ F-§s\ _m-[n-¡p-¶p -?

\

- ½ psS kaq-l -¯n-Â- G-ä-hpw- A- [ nIw- N- À -¨- -sN¿s¸Sp-¶- H-cp- hn- j - b am- W v e- l- c n- h-k vX p-¡ -f psS D-]tbmKw- . \- ½ psS \m- « n- Â- D-ïm-Ip-¶- ]-e - {]-i v\ - § fpsSbpw- ap-Jy- Im-c-W w- e-l -cn-b m- Wv. C- X n- s â B- k àn- hn-Z ym-À -°n-I-f n-e pw- bph- P - \ - §- f n- e pw- hym-]-I-am-bn- -sImïn-cn-¡p- I bm- W v . e- l - c n- ¡ v A-S n-as¸«p- -t]mIp-¶-h - c psS F- ® w- \m- Ä - ¡ p-\m-Ä- h-À -²n-¨p- h-cp-I-b m- Wv. e- l - c n- bpsS A-an-X - D-]tbmKw- H-cp- kaq-l- ¯nsâ \m- i - ¯ n- \p-X s¶ km-£ yw- h-l nt¡ïXm- bn- h - c pw- . e-l -cn- hy-ànsb am-{ X-a-à - IpSpw- _ s¯bpw- kaq-l s¯bpw- X-I-À -¡ p- ¶ p- .

C- X n-  - A- I s¸«v F-´ v lo-\- Ir-X y-§ - fpw- s N¿m- ³- a- S n- ¡ p-I-bn-à -. A-X n-sâ ^-e- a m- b nIp- S pw- _ w- X- I-cp-I-bpw- A-X v kaq-l -¯ n- \ v H- c p- ]p- g - I p- ¯m-bn- Xo-cp-I-bpw- -sN¿pw-. C- X v aqew- i- c o- c n- I - h pw- km-¼-¯n-I-hp-am-b- \-jv«- § - Ä ¡v C- S - b m- ¡ p- ¶p- cm-P y-¯v \-S -¡ p-¶- I- h - À - ¨ - s Ime- ]m- X - I w- A-{ I-a-§ -Ä- F-¶n-h-b psS F- à mw- ]n- ¶n-Â- {]-h-À -¯n-¡ p-¶-h-À - e- l- c nbn-  - ap- g p- I n- bn-cp-¶- Xm-bn- Im-W mw-.

H- c p- X- h - W - D-]tbmKw- -sImïv -t]mepw- e- lcn- ¡v A- S n- a s¸«pt]mIpw-. {ItaW- e- l- c nh- kv X p- ¡ - Ä- kvYn-cw- D-]tbmKn-¡ p-¶- A- h kv Y - b n-  - F- ¯ p-I-bpw- -sN¿pw-. a-b-¡ p-a - c p- ¶ v

Devika. S

D- ] tbmKw- Iym- ¼ - kp- I - fn- epw- kvI q- fp- I- f n-e pwh- À - ² n- ¨ psImïn- c n- ¡p- I - b msW¶m- Wv Hmtcm h- À - j - h p- a p- Å - I- W- ¡p- I - Ä - kq- Nn- ¸ n- ¡p- ¶ - Xv e- l- c n- b psS D- ] tbmKw- aq- ew- _m- e- ] o- U-\w-, - s sew- K n- I - X n- {I- a - § - Ä - , P- b n-  - in- £ - , D-  - ¸m-Z-\£- a - X - \- j v«s¸- s SÂ- , - t Pmen- b p- a m- b n- _- Ôs¸«{]- iv\ - § - Ä - ¡pw- Im- c - Ww- B- I p- ¶ p- . Iq- SmsX Ip- «n- I sf Zp- c p- ] tbmKw- - s N¿p- ¶ - X n- epw- , A-h -KWn- ¡p- ¶ - X n- epw- h- À - [ - \ - h v, B- ` y- ´ - c - X- À - ¡-§fpsS h- À - [ - \ - h v, `m- h - \ - c- ln- X - c psS \n- c - ¡ pw-, Zm- c n- {Zy- h - À - [ - \ - h v, BtcmKy- am- \ - kn- I - km-¼ ¯n- I - {]- iv\ - § - Ä - D- ï m- I p- ¶ p\- a p- ¡v \m- iw- hn- X - ¡p- ¶ - e-l cn- F- ´ n- \ v D- ] tbmKn- ¡- Ww- F- ¶ v \mw- Hmtcmcp- ¯- c pw- kz- b w- Nn- ´ n- ¡- Ww- . hy- à n- b psS BtcmKyw- Ip- Spw- _ s¯bpw- Ip- Spw- _ - ¯n-s â BtcmKyw- kaq- ls¯bpw- kaq- l- ¯ n- s â BtcmKyw- \m- Sns\bpw- ]p- ã ns¸Sp- ¯p- h m- \ p- Å - X m-W v.

Hmtcmcp- ¯ - c pw- B- ß - \ n- b - {µ- Ww- ]m- en- ¨m-Âam- {Xta km- a q- ln- I - ]ptcmK- X n- D- ï m- I q- .........

30

e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKwi-co-c-¯n-Â- D-ïm-Ip-¶-tZmj-§-Ä-

B

-[p-\n-I-kaq-lw- -t\cn-«v -sImïncn-¡p-¶- G-ä-hpw- h-en-b- {]-iv\wB-Wv e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw-. e-l-cn-bpsS D-] tbmKw- -sImïp-Å- -tZmj-§-Ä- F-Ãm-hscbpw- -t_m[ys¸Sp-¯m-³- -thïn- F-Ãm- h-À-j-hpwPq-¬- 26 -temI- e-l-cn- hn-cp-²-Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn¨p-h-cp-¶p-. e-l-cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw- i-co-c-¯n-ÂD-ïm-¡p-¶- -tZmj-§-Ä- h-fsc am-c-I-o B-Wv. ]m-³-a-km-e-, ]p-I-bn-e-, a-Zyw-, a-b-¡p-a-cp-¶v XpS-§n-b- e-l-cn- h-kvXp-I-fpsS D-]tbmKw- I-uam-c-Im-cn-epw-, hn-Zym-À-°n-I-fpw-, {]m-b-am-b-h-cnepw- `-bm-P-\-I-am-b- -tXmXn-Â- Iq-Sn- h-cp-¶p-. ]-et¸mgpw- H-cp- c-k¯nt\m Iq-«p-Im-cp-am-bn- kulr-Zw- ]-¦n-Sp-¶-Xnt\m B-bn- Xp-S-§p-¶- e-l-cnbpsS D-]tbmKw- H-gn-¨v Iq-Sm-³- ]-äm-¯- Zp-io-e-ambn- am-dp-I- B-Wv. Io-S-\m-in-\n-I-Ä-, ¥m-kv-s]uU-À- XpS-§n-b- am-c-I- h-kvXp-I-Ä- -sImïv \n-À-an-X-o B-Wv ]m-³-a-km-e-. C-Xv hm-bn-Â- \m-hn-\p- Xmsg B-bn- Np-ïn-Â- -tNÀ-¯v h-bv¡p-I- B-Wv km-[mc-W- B-bn- -sN¿p-¶-Xv. C-§s\ D-]tbmKn-¡p-¶h-cpsS Np-ïp- I-fn-Â- -s]mÅ-Â-, ap-dn-hv, \o-ä-Â-, `-£-W-¯n-sâ cp-Nn- a-\-kn-em-h-Xn-cn-¡p-I-, hm-bXp-d-¡m-³- _p-²n-ap-«v, I-hn-Ä- D-Ä-h-iw- A-S-À-¶p-t]mhp-I- Xp-f- ho-gp-I-, Iym-³-kÀ- Xp-S-§n- ]-e-Xcw- -tcmK-§-Ä-¡v Im-c-W-am-bn- h-cp-¶p-.

31

Aparna S. Venugopal

]p- I - b n- e- b n- Â - A- S- § n- b n- «p- Å - \nt¡m«n-³F- ¶ - cm- kh- kvX p- ]- e- X - c w- - t cmK- § - Ä - ¡ v Imc- Ww- B- I p- ¶ p- . ]p- I - h - en- i- z - k\- h y- h - k vY sb X- I - c m- d n- em- ¡p- ¶ p- . - s Xmï- b n- Â - ]- g p- ¸ v , hn«p- a m- d m- ¯- P- etZmjw- , A- a n- X - c- à - ka- À-²w-, Ip- S- Â - ¸ p- Wv, £- b tcmKw- , hm- b n- epw- i-zm-k tImi- ¯n- epw- A- À - _ p- Z w- Xp- S- § n- b - h - F- Ã mw- ] p- I - h - en- b psS - t Zmj- ^ - e- § - f- Ä - B- Wv. ]p-I-h en- b psS - t Zmj- ^ - ew- ]p- I - h - en- ¡p- ¶ - h sc am-{Xa- Ã- ]p- I tbÂ- ¡m- ³ - C- S- b p- Å - h scbpw- _m-[ n¡pw- . a- Z y- ¯ n- s â A- Sn- kvY m- \ - L - S- I w- “CusXÂB- Ä - ¡tlmÄ- “ F- ¶ - cm- k h- kvX p- hm-W v. kvY n- c - a m- b - a- Z y- ] m- \ w- I- c - fns\ - t Zmj- I - c -am-bn_m- [ n- ¡pw- .Ip- S- Â - ] p- ®v, I- c - Ä - ho- ¡w- , A-À-_pZw- Xp- S- § n- b - - t cmK- § - Ä - ¡pw- Im- c - W- a m- h p- ¶p-. e- l- c n- h- kvX p- ¡- fpsS D-]tbmKw- Ip- d - ¡p- ¶ - X n- \ p- - t hïn- ]- e- a m- À - K - §-fpwkzo- I - c n- ¡m- h p- ¶ - X m- Wv. e- l- c n- h- kvX p- ¡ -fpsS D- ] tbmKw- I- À - i- \ - a m- b n- \n- b - {´n- ¡p- I - , -s ] mXp- P - \ - § - Ä - ¡v - t {]- s XIn- ¨ pw- hn- Z ym- À - ° n-IÄ- ¡v D- ] tbmK- a m- I p- ¶ - hn- [ - ¯n- Â - - t _m[-h Â- I - c - W- ¢m- Êp- I - Ä - \- S- ¸ n- em- ¡p- I - .\- ½psS kaq- ls¯ e- l- c n- b n- Â - \n- ¶ v hn- a p- à-am¡m- ³ - \- a p- ¡v F- Ãm- h - À - ¡pw- - s sI- t ImÀ-¯ p{]- h - À ¯n¡mw- ...........

K-À-`m-h-kvY-bn-se se e-l-cn-D-]tbmK-hpwIp-ªnsâ D-]tbmK-{]-h-W-X-bpw-.

A

- ½ -bnse e-l -cn-bpsS D-]tbmKw- kz- b w- \- in- ¡p- ¶ tXmsSm¸w- ]n-d-¡ m-³- -t]mIp-¶- Ip- ª n- s â `m- h nsb Xs¶ ap- f - b nte ap-c-S n-¸n-¡ p-¶p-. e- l -cn- F-¶- a-l m-hn-]-X v H-cp- A- e- ¦ m- c - a m- b n- Asæn-  H- c p- BtLmj-am-bn- \-½ psS kaq- l- ¯nse kv{Xo- I - fn- epwI- S - ¶p- Iq-S n-bn-cn-¡ p-¶p-. \m-j-W - - _- À - ¯v Uns^Î- kv {]n- h - ³ - j - ³- kvä-U n- {]-Im-cw- 30 i-X- a m- \ w- kv{Xo- I - Ä - KÀ- ` m-- h kv Y - b n- e pw- 50 i-X -am-\w- kv{ Xo-I-Ä- K-c v` m- h - kvY - ¡p- ap- ¼ -p w- e- lcn- D- ] tbmKn-¡ p-¶p- . Np-cp-¡ -¯n- - kv{Xo- I - fn-  - e- l- c n- b psS D- ] tbmIpw- ]-T-\-§ -Ä- {]-Im-cw- \n- kw- i- b pw- kvY n- X n- I - c n¡s¸«n- c n- ¡p-¶p- .

KÀ- ` m- h -k vY-bn-e p-Å- e-l -cn- D-]tbmKw- K- À - ` n- Wn- I - Ä - ¡v am- {Xa- Ã - K- À - ` - kvY- in-i p-hn-\pw- Kp-cp-X -c-am-b - {]- iv\ - § - Ä - D- ï m- ¡p- ¶ p- .

Nn- e t¸mÄ- K-À -`-k vY- in-ip- hn-sâ a-c-W- ¯n- \ pw- Im- c - W- a m- I p- ¶ p- .

Iq- S msX P-\n-¡ p-¶- Ip-ª n-\v Aw-KsshI- eyw- , _p- ² n- am- µ yw- , {In- a n- \ - Â - kz-`m-hpw-, Kp-cp-X -c- BtcmKy- {]- iv\ - § - Ä - F- ¶ n- h D- ï m- ¡p- ¶p-. C-X v kz-´ w- Ip-S p-¼-¯ n- \ pw- \- ½ psS kaq- l- ¯n- \ pw- - t Zmj- a m-bn-`-hn-¡ pw- . am- \ - k n-I-hpw- im-co-cn-I-X - £-a-X- b pw- D- Å - H- c p- kv{Xn- b v¡pam- { Xta ]q-À -W - BtcmKy-hm-\m-b- H-cp- Ip- ª ns\ {]- khn- ¡m- ³ I- g n- b p- .

H- c p- \- Ã- P-\-X -bpsS `m-hn-¡ pthïn- e- l- c n- b psS D- ] tbmKw\- a p- ¡ v ]q-À -W -am-bn- Dt]£n-¡ mw- .... \- µ n-

32 32

Lekshmy S. K.