Protective Factors The CDC also has listed a number of protective factors for intimate partner violence perpetration. Several of the projects in this study have been successfully focusing on using, rebuilding, and enhancing a number of these factors in their work. Relationship Factors •
High friendship quality
•
Social support (e.g. tangible help, support from neighbors)
Community Factors •
Neighborhood collective efficacy (i.e., community cohesiveness/support/connected-ness, mutual trust, and willingness to intervene for the common good)
•
Coordination of resources and services among community agencies The Ubiquity of Violence There is no shortage of violent acts in the world, there never has been, and unfortunately,
there may never be. Acts of violence are committed within and between all demographic groups, regardless of gender, age, socioeconomic status, political or sexual orientation, religious beliefs, and geographic location. Many of us have observed, first hand, as well as watched news story or online videos of violence happening in many different contexts. For instance, violence can happen in professional sports and in the legislative halls of Parliament; two seemingly different venues. In sports, we give a bit of room recognizing physicality and aggression are a big part of what “contact” sports are all about. In football, boxing, mixed martial arts, soccer, lacrosse, hockey, roller derby, rugby, and basketball we expect people to hit or foul each other, and are not surprised when someone gets injured, which is why there are referees overseeing the action. Many of us have come to appreciate this form of violence, and we find ourselves cheering when it
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