PERSPECTIVE MINDS: Pivoting Mental Education in a Trauma-Filled Society

WELCOME PERSPECTIVE MINDS Pivoting Mental Education in a Trauma-Filled Society Dear Readers, Welcome to the May Edition of Script of Virtue Magazine! We are excited to bring you another insightful volume, filled with thought-provoking discussions and essential knowledge on mental health, education, and emotional well-being.

In this issue, we delve into the battlefield of the mind, exploring the deep-rooted challenges of childhood trauma and the importance of mental support systems. Dr. Jim Price leads the charge in addressing the stigma surrounding mental health and the critical need for early identification of mental health problems in schools.

We also highlight the necessity of effective stress relievers in an era dominated by social media, shedding light on how reading and self-care can be powerful tools in maintaining mental stability. Our theme, Pivoting Mental Education in a Trauma-Filled Society, calls for a shift in how we approach emotional and psychological learning in our communities.

As you turn these pages, we invite you to reflect on the role of mental education in shaping a healthier, more resilient future. Let us continue to advocate for awareness, healing, and transformation—one mind at a time.

Enjoy this edition and stay inspired!

Warm regards, The Script of Virtue Magazine Team

TABLE OF CONTENTS The Cry for Mental Education .................................... 6 Dr Jim Price ................................................................ 14 Mental Health Stigma

P Bharadwaj, MM Pai, A Suziedelyte ................................ 20

Early Identification of Mental Health Problems in Schools Jessica Mass Levitt ......................................................... 24 Confronting Childhood Trauma

Alicia Nortje, Ph.D.......................................................... 32

Effective Stress Relievers for your Life Elizabeth Scott, MS ......................................................... 42 Battlefield of the Mind Joyce Meyer ................................................................... 44 Mental Support Systems ............................................. 46 Reading in the Era of Social Media

A.S. Azman, M.A.M Ali, R. Usop, Z. Zakaria ...................... 48

THE CRY FOR MENTAL EDUCATION What is Mental Health?

Mental health is a vital aspect of overall well-being, encompassing our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and behave in daily life, influencing our decision-making, relationships, and ability to handle stress.

Good mental health is characterized by a sense of balance, resil-

ience, and the ability to cope with life’s challenges. It allows individuals to work productively, maintain healthy relationships, and contribute meaningfully to their communities. Just as physical health requires care and attention, so does mental health.

Several factors contribute to mental health, including genetics, life experiences, and family history. Genetic predispositions can increase vulnerability to mental health disorders, while positive or negative life experiences shape emotional resilience. Family history also plays a crucial role, as mental health conditions can be influenced by hereditary factors. Stress, trauma, and significant life changes—such as the loss of a loved one, financial hardships, or major career transitions—can impact mental well-being, making it essential to seek support when needed.

Recognizing early signs of mental distress, such as persistent sadness, anxiety, withdrawal from social activities, changes in appetite, difficulty concentrating, or increased irritability, is crucial in maintaining mental health. Identifying these warning signs early can help individuals take proactive steps toward healing and support, whether through self-care practices, therapy, or support from loved ones.

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Promoting mental health in-

volves adopting healthy habits such as regular exercise, balanced nutrition, adequate sleep, and mindfulness practices. Seeking professional help when necessary and fostering open conversations about mental well-being can break stigmas and encourage proactive care.

Understanding and prioritizing mental health is essential for leading a fulfilling and balanced life.

By raising awareness and providing resources, we can create a supportive environment that nurtures mental wellness for everyone.

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HOW DOES MENTAL HEALTH BENEFIT SOCIETY Mental health is not just an individual concern; it plays a significant role in shaping the overall well-being and functionality of society.

When mental health is prioritized, the benefits extend beyond personal well-being and positively impact communities, workplaces, and the economy.

1. Enhanced Workplace Productivity

A mentally healthy workforce is more productive, creative, and engaged. Employees with strong mental well-being are better able to handle 8

stress, collaborate with colleagues, and contribute effectively to their organizations. This results in higher efficiency, innovation, and overall job satisfaction.

2. Stronger Communities

Good mental health fosters supportive and harmonious communities. Individuals with sound mental well-being are more likely to engage in social activities, volunteer work, and community-building efforts, creating an environment of mutual support and resilience.

3. Reduced Healthcare Burden

Prioritizing mental health leads to lower incidences of mental illnesses, reducing the strain on healthcare systems. Preventative mental health care and early intervention help decrease hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and longterm treatments, leading to significant healthcare savings.

4. Lower Crime Rates

overall economic stability. When people are mentally well, they can Mental health support can help mitigate factors that contribute to criminal contribute effectively to the economy, behavior, such as substance abuse and reducing costs related to absenteeism, disability, and lost productivity. unmanaged psychological distress.

When individuals have access to mental health resources, they are less like- 7. Increased Social Cohesion ly to engage in activities that lead to Mentally healthy individuals are more crime and violence. likely to form positive relationships and contribute to a cohesive society.

5. Better Educational Outcomes Emotional resilience and empathy Students with good mental health are foster understanding, reducing social more focused, motivated, and capable conflicts and promoting a culture of of academic success. Schools that pro- inclusivity and cooperation. mote mental wellness see improved Investing in mental health benefits attendance rates, higher test scores, and greater student engagement, lead- not only individuals but society as a whole. By creating supportive enviing to a more educated and skilled ronments, providing access to mental workforce in the future. health care, and promoting awareness, communities can thrive, econo6. Economic Growth and mies can prosper, and overall societal Stability well-being can improve. Prioritizing A society that values mental health mental health is an essential step tosees increased workforce participaward a healthier and more harmonious tion, reduced unemployment, and 9

WHO NEEDS MENTAL EDUCATION? Mental education is essential for everyone, as mental well-being affects every aspect of life. Understanding mental health helps individuals navigate challenges, build resilience, and foster emotional intelligence. Here’s why mental education is crucial for various groups:

Mental education helps students de-

velop coping skills, manage stress, and build emotional resilience. Schools that incorporate mental health awareness see improved academic performance, better peer relationships, and reduced anxiety and depression among students.

Parents play a key role in shaping their

children’s emotional well-being. Learning about mental health enables them to support their children effectively, recognize early signs of distress, and create a positive home environment.

Teachers and school administrators interact with students daily and can significantly impact their mental well-being. Mental education equips them with strategies to create supportive learning environments and provide appropriate guidance.

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Employees and employers benefit from mental education by fostering healthier work environments, improving productivity, and reducing stress-related issues. Organizations that prioritize mental health see higher job satisfaction and lower burnout rates.

Doctors, nurses, and other medical

Mental education is crucial for older

adults, as they face unique challenges such as loneliness, cognitive decline, and grief. Understanding mental health helps them stay engaged, seek support, and maintain a fulfilling life.

Mental education is not just for specifLeaders who understand mental health ic groups—it is for everyone. Regardless of age, profession, or background, can implement policies that promote well-being in schools, workplaces, and understanding mental health helps communities. Their efforts can reduce individuals lead healthier, more balanced lives and contribute positively stigma and improve access to mental to society. health resources. professionals face high-stress situations that can affect their mental health. Mental education helps them manage their well-being while providing better care for their patients.

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WHAT WOULD SOCIETY BE LIKE WITHOUT MENTAL HEALTH? Mental health is a fundamental pillar of a thriving society. It affects how individuals think, feel, and interact with others. Without mental health awareness and support, society would face numerous challenges, impacting every aspect of life.

lower innovation, and deA lack of mental health sup- teeism, creased overall productivity, ulti-

port can contribute to higher mately affecting economic growth. crime rates, substance abuse, and social unrest. IndividuHealthy relationships rely on als struggling with unmanaged emotional intelligence, commental health issues may enmunication, and understandgage in destructive behaviors, ing—all of which are nurtured leading to unsafe communities. through mental well-being.

Without mental health awareWorkplaces would suffer as emness, families and friendships ployees face burnout, stress, and would struggle, leading to broreduced efficiency. A mentally ken relationships and isolation. unwell workforce leads to absen-

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The strain on healthcare systems would rise.

Without

mental

health

care, physical health problems would increase due to stress-related conditions such as heart disease, obesity, and weakened immune systems.

The strain on healthcare systems would rise, leading to

overwhelmed medical facilities and higher costs for individuals and governments.

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DR. JIM PRICE Dr. Jim Price believes that hard work, dedication, and in-

corporating prayer into one’s life can serve as catalysts for self-discovery and recognizing one’s purpose.

He also understands the value of education and how it can open doors not only for networking but also for personal growth and goal attainment. He believes in taking chances in life to achieve one’s desires and reach meaningful goals.

By embracing self-love and self-worth, individuals can develop a deeper understanding of themselves, leading to a fresh perspective on life. Dr. Price earned his B.A. in Psychology from Western New England University, followed by a Master’s in Rehabilitation Counseling and a Certificate of Advanced Graduate Studies in School Counseling from Springfield College. He recently completed his Doctorate in Education for Professional Counseling and Leadership from American International College.

Additionally, he has been recognized by MSN News as a top entrepreneur in the business frontier.

THE CHILDREN'S AUTHOR Dr. Jim Price is an award-winning children’s book author who received the Kingdom Indie Author Award for Top Children’s Book for his debut title, The Adventures of Harold of the Hood: A Trip to the Park.

His children’s book se-

ries has been featured on CBS, ABC, and FOX news outlets across the U.S. Dr. Price’s acclaimed series has made a meaningful impact on families and communities worldwide by integrating social skills into each installment.

His books resonate deeply with readers, as social skills are the foundation of how we communicate our feelings, thoughts, and emotions, as well as how we navigate social interactions with others.

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Dr. Jim Price is also a school counselor in the public school sys-

tem, where he is dedicated to helping students recognize their potential. He firmly believes that every child, despite their unique qualities, can achieve greatness by embracing hard work, self-love, and an understanding of their self-worth. By setting attainable goals, students can boost their self-esteem and build confidence in their abilities.

Dr. Price chose the profession of school counseling as a way to give back to the community, as he himself is a product of the public school system.

These skills are essential for developing healthy connections, and they serve as the inspiration behind Dr. Price’s stories. His mission is to help families and communities foster a sense of connectedness and collaboration through literacy.

Growing up in poverty in the inner city shaped his resilience and fueled his

motivation to succeed. He understands that poverty teaches resourcefulness and perseverance, making personal milestones even more meaningful due to the challenges faced along the way.

Inspiring and guiding young people is deeply connected to Dr. Price’s life purpose, giving his work meaning and direction. By mentoring and empowering youth, he hopes to help shape a brighter future for the next generation.

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MESSAGE OF HOPE

Dr. Jim Price’s message to his

Dr. Price shares this powerful message at every opportuniaudience is centered on finding inner strength to overcome ty—whether through speaking engagements, school and library life’s obstacles while develread-alouds, book signings, or oping a deep understanding of TV interviews. His goal is to self-worth. He recognizes that inspire change by encouraging many people carry unhealed trauma, often left unaddressed, people to recognize their purand believes that by embracing pose, value, and the importance self-love and prayer, miraculous of embracing differences. opportunities can unfold. A new perspective and outlook on life This mission has become his mantra, guiding him on his jourcan emerge, allowing individney to empower and uplift famiuals to heal from past wounds and experience holistic personal lies and communities. growth.

Dr. Jim Price deeply values family as part

of his purpose, and his role as a father has shaped his empathetic understanding of what it truly means to guide and nurture a child. He sees fatherhood as a blessing, providing him with the opportunity to witness his child's maturation and growth while offering valuable advice and support as they navigate their own path in life.

He acknowledges that making mistakes is an essential part of life—a necessary step toward learning and personal growth. When reflecting on his relationship with his daughter, Milani, now a thriving teenager with her own unique persona, ideas, and perceptions, he recognizes elements of himself in her. He also understands the challenges she faces, particularly in a world where racism and discrimination remain obstacles— just as they were when he was her age.

Fatherhood instills a deep sense of aware-

ness—a realization that life is no longer just about oneself but about ensuring that one’s child has the opportunity to achieve more, grow beyond limitations, and live abundantly. This message resonates with parents worldwide, as the universal hope for every parent is to see their children live better lives and have greater opportunities than they did.

This belief fuels Dr. Price’s understanding of the value of family and how it extends beyond the home, shaping stronger communities. He believes that when families are empowered, communities become pillars of strength, creating a foundation for future generations to thrive.

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Fatherhood instills a deep sense of awareness—a realization that life is no longer just about oneself but about ensuring that one’s child has the opportunity to achieve more, grow beyond limitations, and live abundantly.

Understanding the Hidden Struggles of Mental Health Stigma

ic Research highlights an alarming trend—individuals are far more likely to underreport mental health diagnoses and prescription drug use than they are for other medical conditions. The Mental health stigma continues to be a researchers interpret this as strong evidence of stigma, showing how societal significant barrier in seeking and receiving proper care, affecting millions and personal biases deter people from acknowledging their mental health worldwide. A recent study conducted struggles. by the National Bureau of Econom-

Mental Health Stigma

Prashant Bharadwaj, Mallesh M. Pai and Agne Suziedelyte

Despite growing awareness and advocacy, mental health remains an uncomfortable topic for many. The study suggests that people often feel compelled to hide their conditions due to fear of judgment, discrimination, or

personal feelings of shame and guilt.

This self-imposed silence reinforces the cycle of stigma, discouraging individuals from seeking professional help, which can exacerbate their conditions over time.

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Why Do People Misreport Mental Health Conditions?

According to the research, misreport-

mental illness due to concerns about workplace discrimination, the study found that even retired individuals— who have no employment-related concerns—tend to underreport their mental health struggles. This suggests that the stigma surrounding mental illness runs deeper than economic or professional consequences.

The study defines stigma broadly, including both external and internal influences. In many societies, mental illness is still viewed as a weakness, leading individuals to downplay their conditions even when there is little

direct consequence for doing so. The reluctance to report mental health issues indicates a fear of being labeled or judged, even in private or medical settings where the cost of honesty is minimal.

ing mental health status is not solely due to external discrimination; internal factors such as self-perception, guilt, and shame play a crucial role. While it is often assumed that people conceal

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The Real-World Consequences of Mental Health Stigma

One of the most critical concerns

surrounding stigma is its impact on healthcare-seeking behavior. When individuals feel ashamed or afraid of judgment, they are less likely to reach out for the medical or psychological support they need. This, in turn, can worsen mental health conditions, leading to increased suffering, higher healthcare costs, and a greater burden on public health systems.

Untreated mental health issues can also have a domino effect on overall well-being, affecting physical health, relationships, and social stability.

Anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders often contribute to chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and substance abuse, making it even more urgent to address the stigma that prevents individuals from seeking care.

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Untreated mental health issues can also have a domino effect on overall well-being.

How Can We Reduce Men- duce misinformation. Education helps dispel harmful myths tal Health Stigma?

and encourages people to seek The study emphasizes the im- help without fear of judgment. portance of reducing stigma at Reforms: both a societal and policy lev- Policy el. There are several key ap- Governments and healthcare proaches to achieving this: institutions must implement policies that promote menPublic Awareness Campaigns: tal health accessibility, ensure Encouraging open discussions privacy, and protect individabout mental health can nor- uals from discrimination in malize conversations and re- workplaces and communities.

Encouraging Honest Reporting: Medical professionals and researchers should create environments where individuals feel safe discussing their mental health. Confidentiality and non-judgmental support can help people be more forthcoming about their conditions.

The Path Forward The findings from the National Bureau of Economic Research shed light on a persistent and damaging issue—mental health stigma continues to drive misreporting and reluctance to seek care. While

progress has been made in raising awareness, much work remains to be done to create an environment where mental health is treated with the same urgency and compassion as physical health.

ternalized stigma, we can take meaningful steps toward a future where mental health is not a source of shame, but a priority for well-being. Reducing stigma will not only improve individual lives but will also contribute to a By addressing both soci- healthier and more underetal discrimination and in- standing society.

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Early Identification of Mental Health Problems in Schools Jessica Mass Levitt

Mental health challenges among children and adolescents are more common than many realize.

Research indicates that approximately 20% of young people in the U.S. experience symptoms that could qualify them for a psychiatric diagnosis. However, only a small fraction—between 0.6% and 16%—are identified by teachers, caseworkers, or pediatricians as needing support. This gap highlights the urgent need for early mental health identification in schools.

When embedded within a comprehensive mental health framework that includes both prevention and treatment, schoolbased identification programs can significantly improve students’ emo-

tional well-being and academic performance. By implementing effective mental health screening tools, schools can play a proactive role in supporting students before their challenges escalate.

Community epidemiological studies suggest that approximately 20% of American children and adolescents are presently experiencing symptoms that would qualify them for a psychiatric diagnosis (Burns et al., 1995, Costello et al., 2003), yet only a very small percentage, 0.6%–16%, of these youth are typically identified as having problems by frontline gate-keepers such as teachers, caseworkers, or pediatricians (Briggs-Gowan et al., 2000, Costello, 1986, Horwitz et al., 1992).

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Why Early Identification Matters Prevention is far more efficient and cost-effective than treating mental health problems after they have fully developed. Traditional prevention models recognize three levels of intervention: Universal Prevention: Targets all students, regardless of risk level, to promote overall mental well-being.

Selected Prevention: Focuses on students who show early signs of mental health struggles.

Indicated Prevention: Provides intensive support to students already experiencing significant mental health concerns.

Early identification programs fit within these prevention paradigms by detecting students in need of mental health support before their struggles worsen.

Schools serve as an ideal setting for these interventions, as they provide direct access to children and allow for collaboration between educators, parents, and mental health professionals.

How Mental Health Screening Works A range of screening and assessment instruments are available to help schools identify students with potential mental health concerns.

These tools vary in their approach, Efficacy: The ability of a tool to acfrom brief questionnaires complet- curately identify mental health ised by students and teachers to more sues in controlled research settings. in-depth clinical evaluations con- Effectiveness: How well the tool performs in real-world school enducted by school psychologists. vironments, where student populaThe effectiveness of these instru- tions are more diverse and condiments depends on two key factors: tions less controlled.

Because no single assessment tool can capture the full picture of a student’s mental health, best practices suggest using a multi-step process that incorporates input from multiple sources, including teachers, parents, and mental health professionals.

Approaches to Early Identifi- show early signs of distress undergo more targeted evaluations. cation in Schools Effective early cation programs ly follow a tiered

Comprehensive Assessment: Those at the highest risk receive identififull clinical assessments to detertypicalmine the best course of action. approach:

By using this multi-stage approach, Universal Screening: Schools schools can more accurately identiadminister brief mental health fy students who need support while screenings to all students to minimizing the risk of misdiagnosis identify potential concerns. or unnecessary intervention.

Selective Screening: Students who

Challenges and Ethical Considerations While early identifi- port systems in place to cation programs of- provide appropriate folfer significant ben- low-up care? efits, they also raise important ethical and To address these conpractical questions: cerns, schools must develop policies that Privacy and Con- prioritize student prifidentiality: How vacy, educate staff and can schools ensure students about mental that students’ mental health to reduce stighealth information re- ma, and advocate for mains confidential? increased funding to Stigma and Labeling: expand mental health Will students identi- services. fied as needing support face stigma from peers or educators?

Resource Availability: Do schools have the necessary mental health professionals and sup27

The Role of

School Psychologists School psychologists play the necessary support. a crucial role in imple- Provide direct counseling menting early identifica- and intervention services. tion programs. They can: By working alongside Guide the selection of ap- school administrators and propriate screening tools. educators, school psyTrain teachers and staff chologists can help create to recognize early signs of a culture that prioritizes mental health struggles. mental health as much as Collaborate with families academic success. to ensure students receive

A Step Toward Better Student Well-Being Early mental health identification programs have the potential to transform how schools support students.

By detecting issues early and providing timely interventions, schools can help children and adolescents develop resilience, improve their academic performance, and build a strong foundation for lifelong well-being.

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While challenges remain, the benefits far outweigh the risks. With the right approach, schools can become not just centers for learning but also safe havens for emotional support— ensuring that no student falls through the cracks.

CONFRONTING CHILDHOOD TRAUMA Alicia Nortje, Ph.D.

What Is Childhood Trauma?

and sense of self (Copley, 2023; Courtois & Ford, 2012).

Childhood trauma encompasses a broad At its core, childhood trauma disrupts the spectrum of adverse experiences that occur during the formative years of a person’s life.

These experiences can range from physical, emotional, or sexual abuse to neglect, household dysfunction, attachment issues, or exposure to violence (Herman, 1997).

fundamental sense of safety and security that children rely on for healthy development. When a child’s basic needs for love, protection, and nurturing are not met, it can result in deep-seated emotional wounds that persist into adulthood (Copley, 2023).

Moreover, the effects of childhood trauWhat distinguishes childhood trauma is ma are not limited to the individual; they not merely the nature of the event itself can reverberate through families, combut the profound and lasting impact it has munities, and generations, perpetuating on a child’s developing brain, emotions, cycles of dysfunction and adversity.

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According

to the Furthermore, individ- hood trauma is its silent Centers for Disease uals who experience nature. Many children Control and Preven- multiple ACEs are at who experience trauma higher suffer in silence, unation (n.d.a), the prev- significantly alence of childhood risk for a wide range of ble to articulate their trauma is staggering, negative outcomes, in- pain or seek help from with millions of chil- cluding mental health caregivers who may be dren worldwide expe- disorders, substance unaware of the abuse riencing adverse events abuse, chronic health or neglect occurring each year. Nearly two- conditions, and even within the home. As a mortality result, childhood trauthirds of adults report premature experiencing at least (Centers for Disease ma often goes unrecone adverse childhood Control and Preven- ognized and untreated, experience (ACE), tion, 2019; Shonkoff & leading to long-term consequences that can such as abuse, neglect, Garner, 2011). persist well into adultor household dysfunction, during their up- One of the most insid- hood (Courtois & Ford, ious aspects of child- 2012). bringing.

The impacts of childhood trauma are

multifaceted, affecting virtually every djhgshkdsbhjgbdshgfshgdsdgfjhsd aspect of a person’s life. Despite the sbhjcdsvhgcdsdvmhdnbnnnnn fffffffffffffffff pervasive and far-reaching effects of ffffffffffffffffffffffkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk childhood trauma, however, there is hope for healing and recovery. kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

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kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffkkkkkkkkkkkk By shedding light on this complex and often misunderstood topic, kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk therapists can play a vital role in supportkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk ing survivors of childhood trauma on ffffffffffffff their journey toward resiliencekkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk and wellbeing.

The Impact & Consequences of Trauma in a Child Adverse childhood experiences childhood trauma can have profound and enduring effects on a child’s emotional, psychological, and physical wellbeing, with consequences that may persist into adulthood (Copley, 2023; Walker, 2013).

Children exposed to trauma may experience a range of emotional responses, including fear, anxiety, sadness, anger, and confusion. Additionally, trauma can impair a child’s ability to form secure attachments and trust others, which can have long-term implications for their relationships and interpersonal functioning (Siegel, 2012).

For many survivors of trauma, feelings of shame, guilt, and worthlessness may become deeply ingrained, leading to low self-esteem, self-destructive behaviors, and a pervasive sense of hopelessness (Mate, 2019; Walker, 2013).

Over time, untreated trauma can contribute to a variety of adverse outcomes, including mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse (Courtois & Ford, 2012; Levine, 2010).

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Trauma can also impact physical health, increasing the risk of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, childhood trauma has been linked to impairments in academic achievement, employment opportunities, and overall quality of life (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.a).

The cumulative effects of trauma can undermine a child’s sense of self-worth, identity, and resilience (Fisher, 2017), making it crucial for caregivers, educators, and mental health professionals to recognize and address trauma related symptoms and provide appropriate support and interventions to promote healing and recovery.

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7 Types of Adverse Childhood Experiences Understanding the different types of adverse childhood experiences is essential for therapists working with individuals who have endured trauma during their formative years (Copley, 2023).

According to leading trauma experts, these experiences encompass a range of physical, emotional, and environmental factors that can profoundly impact a child’s development and wellbeing (Herman, 1997; Levine, 2010; Mate, 2019; Ogden & Fisher, 2015; Siegel, 2012; Van der Kolk, 2015; Walker, 2013).

1. Physical abuse --> Physical abuse involves the intentional infliction of physical harm or injury upon a child by a parent or caregiver.

--> It can manifest as hitting, kicking, shaking, burning, or other forms of violence, resulting in bruises, fractures, or other injuries.

--> Children who experience physical abuse may develop a range of emotional and behavioral problems, including anxiety, depression, aggression, and self-harm.

2. Emotional abuse --> Emotional abuse encompasses behaviors that undermine a child’s self-worth, confidence, and emotional wellbeing.

--> It can involve constant criticism, belittling, rejection, or threats of abandonment, leading to feelings of shame, guilt, and worthlessness.

--> Emotional abuse can have profound and long-lasting effects on a child’s self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, and mental health, contributing to anxiety disorders, depression, and difficulties forming trusting connections with others.

3. Sexual abuse --> Sexual abuse refers to any sexual activity or behavior imposed on a child by an adult or older individual in a position of power or authority.

--> It can include sexual touching, molestation, exploitation, or rape, leaving the child feeling violated, confused, and ashamed.

--> Children who experience sexual abuse may struggle with a range of psychological and emotional consequences, including PTSD, sexual dysfunction, and difficulties forming healthy intimate relationships.

4. Neglect --> Neglect occurs when a parent or caregiver fails to provide for a child’s basic physical, emotional, or developmental needs.

--> It can involve inadequate supervision, nutrition, medical care, or emotional support, leading to physical and emotional deprivation.

--> Children who experience neglect may suffer from malnutrition, poor hygiene, developmental delays, and attachment difficulties, impacting their overall health and wellbeing.

5. Household dysfunction --> Household dysfunction encompasses a range of adverse circumstances within the family environment that can negatively impact a child’s wellbeing.

--> It may include parental substance abuse, mental illness, domestic violence, incarceration, or divorce, creating an unstable and chaotic living environment.

--> Children exposed to household dysfunction may experience emotional trauma, disruption in attachment relationships, and heightened stress levels, increasing their risk for behavioral problems, academic difficulties, and mental health disorders.

6. Community violence --> Community violence refers to exposure to violence or traumatic events within the child’s broader community, such as witnessing or experiencing crime, gang activity, war, genocide, or natural disasters.

--> It can lead to feelings of fear, helplessness, and insecurity, as well as heightened vigilance and hypervigilance.

--> Children who experience community violence may develop symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and behavioral problems, affecting their ability to function effectively at home, school, and in social settings.

7. Grief and loss --> Grief and loss encompass the experience of losing a loved one or significant attachment figure through death, separation, or abandonment.

--> It can result in intense emotional pain, sadness, and longing, as well as feelings of emptiness, disbelief, and anger.

--> Children who experience grief and loss may struggle with adjustment difficulties, unresolved grief, and challenges in processing their emotions, impacting their overall wellbeing and functioning.

99 Symptoms Childhood Symptoms of of Childhood Trauma in Adults Trauma in Adults These symptoms manifest across

various domains of functioning and Recognizing the symptoms of child- various domainsimpact of an functioning can significantly individRecognizing the symptoms of childhood trauma in adults is crucial for and can significantly impact an inual’s mental, emotional, and phystherapists in providing comprehenmental, emotional, and hood trauma in adults is crucial for dividual’s sive and tailored treatmentcomprehento individ- physical health.

By identifying ical health.

By identifying thesethese therapists in providing uals who have experienced adverse symptoms, therapists can develop symptoms, therapists can developthe sive and tailored treatment to individ- targeted childhood experiences (Rothschild, interventions to address targeted interventions to address 2000; Siegel, 2012; Walker, 2013). trauma and support the inuals who have experienced adverse underlying dividuals intrauma their healing journey. underlying and support indichildhood experiences (Rothschild, These symptoms manifest across 2000; Siegel, 2012; Walker, 2013). viduals in their healing journey.

Because of your upbringing or the painful relationships you found along the way, you forgot one of your most inherent and inalienable truths: You are a creator. You can fashion something new from the old and transform wounds into wisdom. This new way of reconnecting with yourself, re-parenting yourself, loving yourself, and remembering how you deserve to be loved is how you reclaim what was once taken.

• Emotional dysregulation • Flashbacks and intrusive memories • Avoidance behaviors • Hypervigilance • Difficulty trusting others • Low self-esteem and self-worth • Relationship problems • Substance abuse and addiction • Physical health issues Copley, 2023, p. 181

How to Heal From Childhood Tra Healing from childhood trauma is a complex and multifaceted process that requires a holistic approach addressing various aspects of wellbeing.

In this section, we will explore five coping strategies leading researchers have identified (Copley, 2023; Courtois & Ford, 2012; Siegel, 2012; Van Der Kolk, 2015; Walker, 2013) that encompass emotional, psychological, and relational dimensions to support individuals in their journey toward healing and resilience.

1. Seek therapy Engaging in therapy with a qualified mental health professional, such as a therapist specializing in trauma-informed care or cognitive-behavioral therapy, can provide valuable support and guidance in processing traumatic experiences, building coping skills, and fostering emotional healing.

2. Practice mindfulness Mindfulness techniques, such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, and grounding exercises, can help individuals cultivate present-moment aware-

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ness, reduce stress and anxiety, and promote emotional regulation. By staying grounded in the present, individuals can develop greater self-awareness and coping resilience.

3. Build supportive relationships Establishing and nurturing supportive relationships with trusted friends, family members, or support groups can provide a sense of safety, validation, and connection. Having a supportive network of individuals who understand and validate one’s experiences can be instrumental in the healing journey.

auma: 5 Coping Strategies 4. Engage in self-care Prioritizing self-care activities, such as regular exercise, adequate sleep, healthy nutrition, and engaging in hobbies or activities that bring joy and relaxation, can help individuals replenish their physical and emotional energy reserves. Self-care practices promote overall wellbeing and resilience in the face of adversity.

5. Explore creative expression Engaging in creative outlets, such as art therapy, journaling, music, or dance, can provide a therapeutic means of self-expression and processing emotions related to childhood trauma. Creative expression allows individuals to explore and communicate their feelings nonverbally, fostering healing and self-discovery.

In the exploration of childhood trauma, it’s essential to recognize the profound and lasting impact it can have on individuals’ lives.

We can better support those who are suffering from trauma by comprehending the various forms of negative childhood experiences, identifying the symptoms in adulthood, and identifying both risk and protective factors.

Through coping strategies and inspirational messages from experts in the field, we emphasize the importance of resilience, healing, and seeking support on the journey toward recovery and growth.

Remember, healing from childhood trauma is a process, but with patience, self-compassion, and the right resources, healing is possible.

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Effective Stress Relievers for your Life Elizabeth Scott, MS Whether you’re about to be interviewed for a job or you’re feeling overwhelmed by your child’s behavior at the playground, it’s important to have some stress reduction tools that can lower your stress right now.

Try Guided Imagery Guided imagery is like taking a short vacation in your mind. It can involve imagining yourself being in your “happy place”—maybe picturing yourself sitting on a beach, listening to the waves, smelling the ocean, and feeling the warm sand underneath you.

Guided imagery can be done with a recording where you listen to someone walk you through a peaceful scene.

Or, once you know how to do it yourself, you can practice guided imagery on your own.

Simply close your eyes for a minute and walk yourself through a peaceful scene.

Think about all the sensory experiences you’d engage in and allow yourself to feel as though you’re really there. After a few minutes, open your eyes and return to the present moment.

Meditate Meditation brings short-term stress relief as well as lasting stress management benefits. There are many different forms of meditation to try–each one is unique and brings its own appeal.

You might develop a mantra that you repeat in your mind as you take slow deep breaths. Or, you might take a few minutes to practice mindfulness, which involves being in the moment. Simply pay attention to what you see, hear, taste, touch, and smell.

When you’re focused on the here-andnow, you won’t be able to ruminate about something that already happened and you can’t worry about something in the future. Meditation and mindfulness take practice, but it can make a big difference in your overall stress level as it brings you back to the present.

Practice Progressive Muscle Relaxation Progressive muscle relaxation involves relaxing all the muscles in your body, group by group. To practice, you can start with a few deep breaths.

Then, practice tightening and relaxing each muscle group, starting with your forehead and moving down to your toes.

With practice, you’ll learn to recognize tension and tightness in your muscles and you’ll be able to relax more easily.

Each time you practice, however, you should experience a feeling of relaxation sweeping through your body.

watch your belly fill with air. Count slowly to three as you inhale. Hold for one second and then slowly breathe out through your nose as you count to three again.

2. Breathe in through your nose and imagine that you’re inhaling peaceful, calm air. Imagine that air spreading throughout your body. As you exhale, imagine that you’re breathing out stress and tension.

Take a Walk Exercise is a fantastic stress reliever that can work in minutes. Taking a walk allows you to enjoy a change of scenery, which can get you into a different frame Focus on Breathing of mind, and brings the benefits of exerJust focusing on your breath or chang- cise as well. ing the way you breathe can make a big difference to your overall stress level. So whether you just need to take a stroll Breathing techniques can calm your around the office to get a break from a body and your brain in just a few min- frustrating task or you decide to go for a utes. long walk in the park after work, walking is a simple but effective way to rejuThe best news is, no one around you venate your mind and body will even know you’re doing them. So whether you’re in a stressful meeting Finding the best stress relief or you’re sitting in a crowded theater, strategies may take some exbreathing exercises could be key to reperimenting. Some strategies ducing your stress.

While there are many different breathing exercises, like karate breathing, a few simple ones include: 1. Breathe in through your nose and

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may take practice too. But it’s important to keep looking for the tools that will help you manage life’s inevitable ups and downs in a healthy way.

Keeping stress at a manageable level is important for your overall well being.

JOYCE MEYER

Be Positive ...it shall be done for you as you have believed...

Matthew 8:13 Positive minds produce positive lives. Negative minds produce negative lives. Positive thoughts are always full of faith and hope. Negative thoughts are always full of fear and doubt.

Some people are afraid to hope because they have been hurt so much in life.

They have had so many disappointments, they don’t think they can face the pain of another one.

Therefore, they refuse to hope so they won’t be disappointed. This avoidance

of hope is a type of protec- expect anything good to tion against being hurt. happen, then you won’t be disappointed when it Disappointment hurts! So doesn’t.” rather than be hurt again, many people simply re- I had encountered so many fuse to hope or to believe disappointments in life— that anything good will so many devastating things ever happen to them. had happened to me—that I was afraid to believe that This type of behavior anything good might hapsets up a negative life- pen. style. Everything becomes negative because I had a terribly negative the thoughts are negative. outlook on everything.

Remember Proverbs 23:7: Since my thoughts were For as he (a person) thinks all negative, so was my in his heart, so is he. mouth; therefore, so was my life.

Many years ago, I was extremely negative. I always When I really began to say that if I thought two study the Word and to trust positive thoughts in a row God to restore me, one of my mind would get in a the first things I realized cramp. My whole philoso- was that the negativism phy was this: “If you don’t had to go.

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In Matthew 8:13 Jesus tells us that it will be done for us as we have believed.

The King James Version says, .. as thou hast believed, so be it done unto thee...

Everything I believed was negative, so naturally many negative things happened to me. This doesn’t mean that you and I can get anything we want by

just thinking about it. God has a perfect plan for each of us, and we can’t control Him with our thoughts and words. But, we must think and speak in agreement with His will and plan for us.

If you don’t have any idea what God’s will is for you at this point, at least begin by thinking, “Well, I don’t know God’s plan, but I

A negative person is no fun to be with.

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know He loves me. Whatever He does will be good, and I’ll be blessed.”

Begin to think positively about your life. Practice being positive in each situation that arises. Even if whatever is taking place in your life at the moment is not so good, expect God to bring good out of it, as He has promised in His Word.

MENTAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS Government and Public Mental Health Programs 1. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) – Provides mental health resources, treatment locators, and grants. (www.samhsa.gov) 2. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) – Conducts research and provides education on mental health disorders. (www.nimh.nih. gov) 3. Medicaid & Medicare Mental Health Services – Offers coverage for mental health care, including therapy and psychiatric services. (www.cms.gov) 4. Veterans Crisis Line – Free, confidential support for veterans in crisis. Call 988, then press 1 or text 838255.

Crisis Hotlines and Immediate Support 1. 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline – 24/7 support for anyone in emotional distress or suicidal crisis. Call 988 or visit 988lifeline.org.

2. Crisis Text Line – Free, 24/7 text-based support. Text HELLO to 741741.

3. Trevor Project – Crisis support for LGBTQ+ youth. Call 1-866-488-7386 or text START to 678678.

4. National Domestic Violence Hotline – Support for individuals facing abuse. Call 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) or text START to 88788.

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Help is only one phone call away!

Non-Profit Mental Health Organizations 1. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) – Provides education, support groups, and advocacy. (www.nami.org) 2. Mental Health America (MHA) – Offers screening tools, community programs, and advocacy. (www.mhanational.org) 3. Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA) – Support groups and resources for mood disorders. (www.dbsalliance. org) 4. Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) – Resources on anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders. (www.adaa.org) 5. American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) – Suicide prevention education and support groups. (www.afsp.org)

Online and Teletherapy Services 1. BetterHelp – Online therapy platform with licensed therapists. (www.betterhelp. com) 2. Talkspace – Online therapy and psychiatry services. (www.talkspace.com) 3. 7 Cups – Free peer-to-peer support and low-cost therapy options. (www.7cups. com) 4. Psychology Today Therapist Directory – Find licensed therapists in your area. (www.psychologytoday.com) 47

Reading in the Era of Social Media A.S. Azman, M.A.M Ali, R. Usop and Z. Zakaria

In this day and age, people tend to read more on devices rather than the traditional books and printed materials. People who choose to read ebooks do so due to the variety of books they can have access to through just a device. Not only that, ebooks are easier to access and are more environmentally friendly. With that said, many readers still do prefer the traditional printed books. Traditional books offer an experience that is much different from ebooks.

Readers are able to absorb more information as they are more likely to focus and be less distracted. Just like everything else, the trends of reading are heavily influenced by social media[4]. Avid readers usually share their opinions on books and recommend books to their audience on social media.

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Understanding Gifted Students’ Habits and Attitude Towards Reading Sudents also understand that reading expands their knowledge but surprisingly, they do not feel that reading would havea huge impact on their studies.

Most of the students enjoy reading for fun and favour novels and fiction as their reading material.

Most would spend 30 minutes to an hour reading and usually read when they are bored.

A lot of students suffer from the lack of motivation to read and would prefer to have more pictures in their reading material[11]. Apart from that, students do not have any difficulty in self-reading as they read on their own account. With these findings, lecturers of Kolej PERMATA Insan can take advantage of the students’ positive outlook towards reading and bring out the best of them. As most students lack motivation to read, lecturers and parents can help encourage them to read and brief them about the positive impacts reading has on their studies.

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