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Brain Scans Suggest Babies Remember

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Quantum

“Tornadoes” in Semimetal Could Revolutionize Electronics

▶ Credit_ think-design_Jochen Thamm

Physicists in Germany have demonstrated that electron inertia can create “tornadoes” inside a quantum semimetal, revealing a new layer of complexity in electron motion.

Electrons rarely stay still, and their movements can take unexpected forms. In tantalum arsenide, a quantum material, researchers found that electrons form vortices—not in physical space, but in momentum space, a quantum realm describing their energy and direction rather than their location.

While similar vortices have been observed in real space, this is the first time they have been mapped in momentum space. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), the team measured electron momenta and compiled 2D snapshots into a 3D model, much like a CT scan. The final image revealed a strik-

ing vortex pattern.

Mapping

nadoes:

Quantum Tor-

How ARPES Reveals Electron Vortices in Momentum Space

“ARPES lets us extract electrons from a material, measure their energy and angle, and directly visualize their structure in momentum space,” explained Maximilian Ünzelmann, an experimental physicist at the University of Würzburg. By refining the technique, the researchers were able to measure orbital angular momentum and confirm the presence of quantum tornadoes.

This discovery could pave the way for a new class of electronic devices. A field called “orbitronics” may harness these twisting electron motions to carry information, potentially complementing spintronics, which relies on electron spin. Further research could lead to more efficient electronics and entirely new technologies.

Study Maps Our Solar System’s Path Through a Gigantic Galactic Wave

▶ Credit: Pixabay

Our Solar System moves through the Milky Way at about 200 km/s, following a complex orbit around the galaxy’s center. Along its journey, it has encountered different cosmic environments, some of which may have influenced Earth’s climate. New research suggests that around 14 million years ago, the Solar System passed through the Orion star-forming complex—a significant part of a larger structure known as the Radcliffe Wave. This wave, discovered in 2020, is an immense, wave-like formation of gas and dust stretching nearly 9,000 light-years across the Orion arm of the Milky Way.

The Radcliffe Wave is home to several active star-forming regions, including the Orion molecular cloud complex and the Perseus and Taurus molecular clouds. Because of its density, this region likely compressed the Sun’s

heliosphere—the protective bubble created by the solar wind—when the Solar System moved through it. As a result, more interstellar dust was able to enter the Solar System and potentially reach Earth, influencing climate patterns and leaving traces in geological records.

A team of researchers, led by Efrem Maconi from the University of Vienna, published their findings in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Using data from the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission and spectroscopic observations, they reconstructed the movement of the Solar System and the Radcliffe Wave over millions of years. Their results indicate that the closest approach between the two occurred between 14.8 and 12.4 million years ago—precisely when Earth experienced the Middle Miocene Disruption (MMD). This period was marked by significant climatic shifts and widespread extinc-

tions of both marine and terrestrial species.

Tracing the Solar System’s Path: A Link Between the Radcliffe Wave and Earth’s Climate Shifts

By analyzing the trajectories of 56 open star clusters associated with the Radcliffe Wave, the researchers confirmed that the Solar System and this dense interstellar region intersected from about 18.2 to 11.5 million years ago. This overlap suggests a possible connection between the influx of interstellar dust and Earth’s changing climate. João Alves, a professor of astrophysics at the University of Vienna and co-author of the study, explains that the study builds on previous research into the Radcliffe Wave and highlights how astronomical events may have had a direct impact on Earth’s past.

One possible mechanism for this influence is the accumulation of interstellar dust in Earth’s atmosphere. The interstellar medium contains isotopes such as iron-60 (60Fe), a byproduct of supernova explosions, which can leave detectable signatures in geological records. While current technology may not yet be sensitive enough to confirm these traces, future advancements in detection methods could provide stronger evidence. Additionally, the increased presence of cosmic dust

may have contributed to global cooling, a phenomenon previously proposed in a 2005 study suggesting that Earth encounters dense giant molecular clouds (GMCs) approximately every 100 million years.

Solar System’s Passage Through Radcliffe Wave May Have Triggered Middle Miocene Climate Shift

During the Middle Miocene, Earth was undergoing significant geological and climatic changes. The period is best known for the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO), a warm phase during which tropical ecosystems expanded. However, it was soon followed by the Middle Miocene Disruption, a period of cooling and extinction that closely aligns with the timing of the Solar System’s passage through the Radcliffe Wave. Researchers propose that interstellar dust could have played a role in this climatic shift by altering atmospheric composition or influencing cloud formation.

The authors acknowledge that their findings rely on approximations due to the challenges of reconstructing the past structure and motion of interstellar gas clouds. However, their study offers compelling evidence that our Solar System’s journey through the Milky Way may have had tangible effects on Earth’s climate and evo-

lutionary history.

Alves Explains How Tracing the Solar System’s Path Reveals Interstellar Encounters’ Impact on Earth

“This discovery builds upon our previous work identifying the Radcliffe Wave,” Alves notes. “By tracing our Solar System’s movement through the galaxy, we can begin to understand how these encounters with interstellar structures might have shaped Earth’s past environment.”

Future research will explore the significance of this contribution in greater detail. The team plans to refine their models and investigate whether other periods of climate transition in Earth’s history might also correlate with the Solar System’s passage through dense interstellar regions. Advances in astrophysics, geology, and paleoclimatology could further uncover the intricate ways in which cosmic forces have influenced the evolution of our planet. Earth’s climate is affect by the internal process and the Milky Way.

Mercedes CLA EV Boasts a 500Mile Range and Rapid 10-Minute Charging

Mercedes’ “compact sedan for the electric era” has arrived, packed with

advanced EV features. It marks the first model in an entirely new generation of Mercedes electric vehicles.

The new CLA offers more space, luxury, technology, and style, surpassing its predecessor in every aspect. Built on the brand’s MMA platform, it also lays the groundwork for the upcoming GLA and GLB models.

Mercedes to Follow Up CLA EV Launch with Hybrid Variant, Potentially Its Most Advanced Model Yet

Interestingly, Mercedes will also introduce a hybrid version a few months after the EV’s debut. While it may be considered an entry-level model on paper, it could be the brand’s most advanced EV yet. The 2026 CLA EV is set to launch this fall in the Northern Hemisphere, with the hybrid variant arriving early next year.

The base CLA offers an impressive WLTP-rated range of up to 492 miles (792 km), made possible by its advanced EQ technology. Built on an 800V architecture, it can gain approximately 200 miles (321 km) of range in just 10 minutes using 320kW DC fast charging, according to Mercedes.

Powering the vehicle is an 85-kWh nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) battery, which boasts up to 20% higher energy density than previous models. In the U.S., this battery exclusively

pairs with a 268-hp rear motor, driving the back wheels through a twospeed transmission—a first for Mercedes.

sends signals to the system, which determines the optimal combination of friction and regenerative braking.

Performance

For added performance, an optional 107-hp front motor engages when extra traction or acceleration is needed but remains decoupled otherwise to reduce energy loss. Mercedes states that the single-motor version accelerates from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 6.6 seconds, while the dual-motor variant achieves it in just 4.8 seconds.

Brake-by-Wire System

Optimizes Friction and Energy Recovery in CLA EV

Mercedes has taken regenerative braking to a new level in the CLA EV, integrating it more deeply than in its previous electric models. The system is entirely brakeby-wire, meaning the brake pedal and braking mechanism are physically separate. Instead of direct braking, the pedal

The latest CLA retains its signature four-door coupe profile and sloping roofline while adopting a more substantial stance. To accommodate the underfloor battery, the EV has grown slightly—its overall length is 1.3 inches (33 mm) longer, the wheelbase has expanded by 2.4 inches (61 mm), and the height has increased by 1.1 inches (28 mm).

Design updates include a reimagined grille and, for the first time on a production Mercedes, a fully illuminated threepoint star emblem. The optional multibeam LED headlights also incorporate a new Mercedes-Benz star logo, reinforcing what the brand describes as an “unmistakable statement of iconic luxury.”

Inside, the CLA features a trio of displays spanning the dashboard. This setup includes a 10.3inch (261.6-mm) instru-

ment cluster, a 14.0-inch (355.6-mm) central touchscreen, and an optional passenger screen of the same size.

The CLA EV’s infotainment system features an updated version of MBUX, integrating Google Maps for navigation and Google’s Gemini AI-powered search functions. Rear passengers can enjoy a spacious cabin, enhanced by a panoramic glass roof that filters UV rays—though it lacks a sunshade.

Dual Trim Options:

CLA 250+ and CLA 350 4MATIC Deliver Power and Impressive Range

Mercedes will offer two electric trims: the CLA 250+, producing 268 horsepower and 247 lb-ft (334.8 Nm) of torque, and the CLA 350 4MATIC, which delivers 349 horsepower and 380 lb-ft (515.2 Nm) of torque. The CLA 250+ boasts a WLTP-estimated range of 492 miles (792 km), while the 350 4MATIC achieves a slightly lower but still impressive 480 miles (771 km).

However, since these figures are based on WLTP testing, the real-world EPA range is expected to be closer to 400 miles (643.7 km).

As for the upcoming hybrid model, it will feature a new 1.5-liter Miller-cycle turbocharged four-cylinder engine, mounted transversely at the front and sourced from Geely.

The hybrid model will

feature a 27-hp electric motor, an inverter, and an eight-speed dual-clutch transmission. In urban settings, the electric motor can operate the vehicle independently, drawing power from a 1.3-kWh 48-volt battery. Buyers will have the option to choose between front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive.

Meanwhile, the all-electric CLA is set to arrive in U.S. showrooms this fall. While Mercedes has yet to announce official pricing, it is expected to fall under $60,000, positioning it as a competitor to the Tesla Model 3 and BMW i4 in the premium EV market.

Onion-skin Dye May Find Use In Greener UV-Protected Solar Cells

Solar cells frequently encounter high levels of harmful ultraviolet light because they capture the maximum possible sunlight.A new eco-friendly coating could protect them from these UV rays, using its active ingredient extracted from onion skin.

Currently, manufacturers apply clear films made from petroleum-based materials to the surface of solar cells for UV protection.However, the extraction and processing of petroleum are not sustainable processes, nor is the disposal of film-coated cells after they have reached the Page. 5

▶ Credit: Mercedes Benz Enhanced

end of their life.

Exploring Bio-Based Alternatives to Petroleum Films

they then exposed to a UV lamp for 1,000 hours. This time is equivalent to approximately one year of sunlight exposure

For this reason, scientists have been looking for bio-based alternatives to petroleum-based films. One promising material is nanocellulose, which researchers compose from small cellulose fibers obtained from plant sources, such as agricultural and forestry waste. However, this material alone cannot provide the necessary protection.

With that in mind, Finnish and Dutch researchers recently experimented with three different additives: cross-linked iron ions, nanoparticles of a plant-based biopolymer called lignin, and an anthocyanin dye extract obtained from red onion skin. Previous studies have shown that these substances possess UV-blocking properties.

In laboratory tests, researchers applied sheets of nanocellulose film treated with each of the additives to dye-sensitized solar cells, which

in a Central European climate.

Effectiveness of Onion-Dye

Film in UV Protection

The results showed that the onion-dye film performed the best, blocking 99.9% of UV light with wavelengths up to 400 nanometers. Additionally, it allowed over 80% of visible light transmission at longer wavelengths, maintaining this efficiency throughout the testing period. Visible light is the source that solar cells use to generate electricity.

In fact, these figures surpassed the figures that researchers achieved with commonly used UV-blocking PET (polyethylene terephthalate) films, which are also petroleum-based Future Potential

for Biodegradable Solar Cells

Researchers hope that in the future, they can use

the onion-dye nanocellulose film not only in conventional solar cells but also in cells designed to be fully biodegradable, such as those that power remotely located environmental sensors.

Scientists from the University of Turku and Aalto University in Finland, along with Wageningen University in the Netherlands, conducted the study, which they recently published in the journal ACS Applied Optical Materials.

Brain Scans Suggest Babies Remember More

Than We Thought

When trying to recall your earliest memory, it’s likely that you won’t remember anything before the age of three. Scientists refer to the lack of memory from this critical period as “infantile amnesia,” though the exact cause remains uncertain. One common theory suggests that the hippocampus, the part of the brain responsible for memory, is not fully developed during this stage, making it difficult to store memories.

A new Yale study tested this idea by developing a memory test for infants. Researchers placed 26 children, aged four months to two years, in an fMRI scanner to monitor their brain ac-

Why do we have difficulty recalling specific events from the early years when our brains were working hard to learn so much? A new study from Yale reveals that babies do indeed form memories, but they may not be able to retrieve them.

Infantile Amnesia and Its Causes

tivity while they looked at a series of unfamiliar images, including faces, objects, and scenes. Eventually, one of the images would reappear.

Link Between Brain Activity and Memory Recognition

When babies have seen something once before, we expect them to focus on it more when they

▶ Credit: Väinö Anttalainen

▶ Credit: Depositphotos

see it again, said Nick Turk-Browne, senior author of the study. So, in this task, if an infant looks longer at the image they’ve seen before compared to the new one, we interpret that as the baby recognizing it.

The researchers discovered an intriguing link between brain activity and memory behavior. Babies tended to focus longer on the repeated image if their hippocampus showed strong activity when they first saw it. This suggests that the brain encoded the image better as a memory, preparing the baby to recognize it later.

This pattern was consistent across all 26 infants in the study, but it was most noticeable in the group older than 12 months. This indicates that memory development begins earlier than we might have thought, but becomes more pronounced around a child’s first birthday.

Most importantly, the study focused on episodic memory—the ability to recall specific events. This type of memory is considered a more advanced form, typically developing later, which explains why we experience infantile amnesia. During infancy, critical learning occurs through statistical learning, a form of memory that captures general patterns from our experiences.

Statistical learning is about extracting the

structure from the world around us, explained Turk-Browne. “This is essential for developing language, vision, and concepts, so it makes sense that it emerges earlier than episodic memory.

Brain Activity in Different Areas for Different Types of Memory

Both statistical learning and episodic memory occur in the hippocampus but in different regions. The fMRI scans in this study showed brain activity toward the back of the head, an area linked to episodic memory.

If we start storing memories earlier than expected, why can’t we remember them? The researchers suggest that these early memories may not convert into long-term memories, causing them to fade as we reach puberty. Another possibility is that the memories are still stored, but we’ve lost the framework to access them. Determining the exact reason will require further research.

We’re working to track the persistence of hippocampal memories throughout childhood and even exploring the possibility that they may persist into adulthood in some form, even if they remain inaccessible, said Turk-Browne.

Boston Dynamics Unveils a Significant Advancement in Humanoid Robot Mobility

▶ Credit: Boston Dynamics

Chinese humanoid robots are advancing rapidly with remarkable agility, but Boston Dynamics remains a pioneer in the field. A new video of its swivel-jointed Atlas robot showcases its ability to run, cartwheel, and even breakdance, reaffirming its position at the cutting edge of humanoid mobility.

That said, it’s important to note that many companies—such as Tesla, Figure, Sanctuary, and Agility—are less concerned with acrobatics. Their primary focus is on developing robots that can efficiently handle practical tasks like picking up and placing objects, prioritizing functionality over fluid human-like movement. While not as entertaining to watch, these practical applications of humanoid robots have the potential to reshape the world far more than athletic feats ever could.

That said, witnessing AI-driven robots evolve from unsteady, toddler-like movements into fluid, confident navigation of human spaces is nothing short of astonishing. Just as dance and gymnastics showcase human mastery of movement, the rapid progress of these machines is equally mesmerizing.

Unitree’s G1 Humanoid

Chinese robotics company Unitree has been making impressive strides with its compact, lightweight G1 humanoid. You might recognize it for its remarkable $16,000 starting price, its synchronized dance routines with humans, or its predecessor, the H1— the first humanoid of its kind to perform a backflip using electric motors instead of hydraulics. Now, Unitree has taken things a step further: the G1 can execute side flips. It’s also among the first humanoid robots to walk Page.

with a natural, confident stride rather than the stiff, awkward gait typical of many early models. As demonstrated in the video below, a recent “agile upgrade” has even enabled it to jog.

It’s certainly impressive, but let’s not forget the pioneer in humanoid robotics—Boston Dynamics. The company has just unveiled new footage of its remarkable Atlas robot, pushing natural movement to an entirely new level. Take a look:

Let’s clear this up—that’s not crawling, my friend. But just look at that walk! A bit stiff-armed, perhaps, but it genuinely appears to be walking rather than just taking a series of steps.

Notice how it initiates a run, leaning forward to accelerate and shifting its torso back to slow down. The level of stability and control on display is something the Boston Dynamics team must take great pride in.

Atlas Redefines Motion with 360-Degree Rotational Agility

The rolls and tumbles are also looking more natural, and it’s fascinating to see how Atlas uses its swiveling hips to turn a handstand into a roundoff and even stand up with its head facing backward. This is one of the most intriguing aspects of Atlas—it features 360-degree rotation at the hips, waist, arms, and neck, allowing

it to reorient itself without needing to turn its entire body at once.

The breakdancing move and cartwheel are just the cherry on top—they’re undeniably impressive to watch. But what truly fascinates me is how confidently the AI is learning to control these robotic bodies in the real world.

As humans learn to walk, run, and navigate their surroundings, we instinctively anticipate balance shifts and adjust dynamically in real time. That’s exactly what we’re witnessing these AI systems begin to master.

Humanoid robotics is still in its infancy, but seeing Atlas and its counterparts interact with the physical world in the same way GPT models process information—it feels like science fiction coming to life. Atlas is already moving more fluidly than Kryten. While these robots will primarily be deployed in factories as they enter the workforce, it’s becoming increasingly clear that human-android interactions in everyday life are on the horizon—sooner than most of us ever expected.

Portable Smart Projector Brings Streamed Movies On The Go

XGIMI, a Chinese projector manufacturer, has

unveiled a preview of its new projector, the MoGo 3 Pro’s successor, the Play 6. Building on the tubular design, the Play 6 introduces a larger battery, a new gimbal stand, and a slightly brighter display.

strong overhead lighting, it should perform well in a dark room with its Full HD big-screen visuals.

If XGIMI releases the Play 6 outside of China, it will likely replace the GMUI 6.0 operating system with Google TV, similar

▶ Credit: XGIMI_iF Design Impressive Portability and Competitiveness in the Market

Launched today in China, XGIMI’s latest 1080p projector could potentially adopt the MoGo name for international markets, should it expand globally. With its 20,000-mAh battery offering 2.5 hours of runtime, the Play 6 outshines Samsung’s Freestyle 2 in terms of portability, positioning itself as a competitor to Dangbei’s Freedo model.

The Play 6 also appears to be the brightest option in this category, delivering 500 ISO lumens. In comparison, the Freestyle offers 230 ANSI lumens, and the Freedo reaches 450 ISO lumens. While this brightness may struggle against direct sunlight or

to the MoGo 3 Pro, which runs on Google’s streaming platform. The projector offers connectivity through 802.11ac dual-band Wi-Fi, and users can also connect devices via HDMI 2.1 or USB.

This DLP projector covers 124% of the Rec.709 color gamut, supports HDR10/HLG content, and includes features like auto keystone correction and autofocus. It is SGS-certified for low blue light. The projector also has two 6-W speakers tuned by Harman Kardon for a mobile movie soundtrack. Additional features include low input lag for gaming, motion compensation for smoother action scenes, and AirPlay for screen sharing.

Smart Features and Design for Easy Setup and Use

XGIMI’s new smart projector comes with a mini Bluetooth remote, featuring AI voice recognition and attached to a lanyard that slots into the integrated stand. The stand provides 360-degree adjustment for flexible setups, and it also has a base with a colorful ring light that reacts to sound.

The Play 6 measures 96.5 x 96.5 x 207.6 mm (3.8 x 3.8 x 8.2 in) and weighs 1.31 kg (2.8 lb). It also includes a unique lens attachment that can transform the projector into a mood light. Currently, China offers the Play 6 for 2099 yuan (about $290), and experts expect the international price to be higher if the projector is released globally.

3-in-1 Color E-Note Combines Fast Refresh with Eye-Friendly Scribbling

strain your eyes, but E Ink technology offers a solution. However, color quality can often be disappointing, and the refresh rate is often not very smooth. XPPen has introduced a new ePaper note device with three color options and an improved refresh rate.

Unlike E Ink, the Magic Note Pad utilizes a modified 10.9-inch LCD panel, similar to TCL’s NXTPAPER technology. XPPen refers to this display as their 3-in-1 X-Paper.

This display provides three different modes: Paper Mode for a monochrome experience that’s easy on the eyes, Light Color Mode for a subtle color effect similar to E Ink, and Nature Color Mode for vibrant, full-color visuals like those found on regular tablets.

Enhanced Display Features for Clarity and Comfort

The display’s resolution reaches 1,920 x 1,200 pix-

Reading and writing on standard tablets can

els, and the nano-etched matte surface helps to reduce glare and reflec-

tions. Backlighting is available in all modes, with automatic adjustments up to 400 nits.

Where E Ink devices often struggle with low refresh rates, XPPen’s 90-Hz panel offers “fluid writing and minimal latency,” making it more suitable for video viewing as well.Additionally, TÜV SÜD has certified the device for low blue light, and it meets paper-like display standards, making it gentler on the eyes during extended note-taking.

The digital notepad comes with the XP Pro Pencil 2 stylus, which provides 16,384 pressure levels for enhanced accuracy and responsiveness (most styluses on the market top out at 4,096). The stylus also features a soft nib and an activation button to instantly wake the Pad. You can magnetically attach it to the e-note’s frame for convenient storage.

Smart Note-Taking Features and App

The Pad operates on Android 14 and includes a custom smart note-taking app, co-developed with Jnotes, ideal for “capturing sudden inspiration, taking lecture notes, or sketching ideas.” Key features of the app include five pen effects, handwriting-to-text conversion, three-finger swipe for screenshots, multi-window support, and cloud backup.

The Pad runs on an octa-core processor, with 6 GB of RAM and 128 GB of storage. It easily connects to the internet through dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi.It also features a 13-megapixel front-facing camera, dual microphones for video chats, and two speakers for audio output. The 8,000-mAh battery is expected to last up to a week on a single charge and supports fast charging.

The Magic Note Pad is available for $439.99, and the video below offers more information.

Study Finds Menstrual Cycles Have No Impact on Women’s Cognitive Abilities

A meta-analysis of over 100 studies found no evidence that a woman’s cognitive abilities fluctuate throughout her menstrual cycle.

While conditions such as PMDD, dysmenorrhea, and endometriosis can be severely debilitating— especially when individuals lack social support— ordinary menstruation does not seem to affect cognitive function as commonly believed.

Historical Bias and Research Gaps

Research in this field has historically faced challenges such as small sample sizes, limited cognitive assessments, and the longstanding

marginalization of women’s health in scientific studies.

Despite widespread cultural and personal beliefs about “period brain” affecting half the population, scientific evidence remains insufficient.

Daisung Jang, an organizational behaviorist from the University of Melbourne, conducted a meta-analysis of 102 peer-reviewed studies examining cognitive performance across different phases of the menstrual cycle.

The analysis compiled data from nearly 4,000 menstruating women, evaluating their cognitive performance across various stages of their cycles. The study assessed factors such as attention, creativity, executive function, intelligence, memory, motor skills, spatial ability, and verbal ability.

To qualify for inclusion, the studies had to specify the number of women assessed for cognitive

ability on particular days of their menstrual cycle.

The analysis excluded research that could introduce confounding variables, filtering out studies with keywords like “pregnancy,” “infection,” “disorder,” and “cancer.” As a result, the findings apply only to typical menstrual experiences.

The dataset was limited to female participants, meaning the results may not extend to people of diverse genders. Additionally, only studies published in English were included.

Hormonal Fluctuations and Cognitive Stability

Hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, influencing receptors across the body, including in the brain. However, Jang’s team found that variations in cognitive performance were so minimal and incon-

sistent that they were deemed statistically insignificant, offering no evidence that menstruation affects cognitive ability.

“This lack of findings is somewhat surprising given the numerous documented physiological changes that occur across the cycle,” the researchers noted.

These hormonal shifts may be too subtle to impact cognitive function, or as the authors suggest, women might compensate for them in ways that remain unexplored.

For centuries, the belief that menstrual cycles hinder cognitive function has held women back. Some may find it difficult to imagine going about daily life while secretly dealing with pain and hormonal fluctuations every few weeks.

The findings don’t rule out the possibility that menstruation-related

brain changes could impact cognition differently among individuals for reasons not explored in this study. Such variability could obscure any broader patterns.

Previous research has found little difference in hormone levels between menstruating individuals with and without premenstrual stress symptoms. This suggests that PMS is more about how each person’s body responds to hormonal changes rather than the hormone levels themselves.

“Physiology does not appear to be destiny with respect to cognitive ability,” the researchers note.

“Our findings challenge misconceptions and myths, as well as discriminatory practices, since we found no scientific basis for doubting women’s cognitive abilities due to their menstrual cycle.”

▶ Credit: Pixabay

Climate & Environment

Ocean-Based Carbon Removal: Innovation and Uncertainty

Planetary Technologies and other companies are experimenting with ocean-based carbon capture, using minerals like magnesium oxide to enhance the ocean’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide. While backed by investors and carbon credit markets, these efforts face scrutiny over potential ecological risks and long-term effectiveness. Scaling these solutions is uncertain due to environmental concerns, monitoring issues, and community resistance. Scientists call for more studies, but largescale impact is hard to verify. Success depends on balancing innovation with caution.

Food Systems Overlooked at COP30 Despite Climate Urgency

Despite its impact on deforestation and emissions, food system reform remains absent from COP30 discussions. Agriculture accounts for 30% of emissions and 80% of tropical deforestation, making it impossible to meet climate targets without transforming food production.

Brazil is leading efforts, but global action is needed. COP30 must integrate food systems into climate strategies, increase finance for sustainable agriculture, and ensure small farmers receive support. A reformed system could combat malnutrition, protect ecosystems, and deliver trillions in economic benefits.

New Map Shows What Antarctica Would Look Like, Denuded of Its Ice

The British Antarctic Survey’s new Bedmap3 offers the most precise view yet of Antarctica beneath its ice, revealing ancient landforms and refining ice thickness estimates. The continent’s ice volume is 27.17 million cubic kilometers, with its thickest point reaching 4,757 meters.

This data is critical for modeling ice flow and assessing climate change impacts. Findings suggest Antarctica’s ice sheet is more vulnerable than expected, as more ice is grounded below sea level, increasing its susceptibility to melting from encroaching warm ocean currents.

The Power of Storytelling in Climate Action

Tim Redfern quits his unfulfilling job and launches a business turning gardens into wildlife habitats, inspiring Habitat Man, a climate-focused rom-com by Denise Baden. Unlike alarmist narratives, Baden’s book uses humor to share environmental insights, like the dangers of flea treatments to garden wildlife.

Deidre Pike, an environmental journalism professor, supports storytelling as a tool for climate action. Research shows positive narratives drive real change, with 60% of readers adopting green habits. Humor enhances engagement, as seen in The Simpsons and BAFTA’s eco-campaigns. Pike encourages persistence—every story has the power to inspire change.

Image Credits: xiSerge from Pixabay

Image Credits: Tim Hill from Pixabay

Image Credits: British Antarctic Survey

Image Credits: News Decoder

Artificial Intelligence

AI Parabellum’s AI

Prompt Generator: Enhancing AI Interactions

AI Parabellum’s structured prompt format improves AI response accuracy by clearly defining system behavior and user requests. Supporting text, image, and video generation, it streamlines content creation and ensures consistency across AI platforms.

By reducing prompt iterations and enhancing efficiency, AI Parabellum saves time and cost for AI users. Whether casual or professional, this tool empowers users to craft expert-level prompts, optimizing AI interactions with minimal effort.

7

Common ChatGPT Mistakes and How to Fix Them

Users often fail to provide enough context, refine prompts, or train ChatGPT with custom data, leading to suboptimal results. Clarifying requests, tweaking responses, and selecting the right model can significantly improve output quality.

Instead of relying on default settings, users should experiment with different approaches to maximize ChatGPT’s potential. Simple adjustments, such as inviting clarifications or refining responses, ensure better and more accurate AI interactions.

Key AI Trends and Predictions for 2025

AI will see rapid advancements in 2025, with generative AI, federated learning, and seamless device integration reshaping industries. Automation will streamline workflows, while AI in healthcare, cybersecurity, and environmental sustainability will expand its impact.

Stronger regulations and ethical AI governance will be crucial. To stay ahead, individuals and businesses must upskill, embrace continuous learning, and adopt responsible AI practices. Leveraging AI effectively can drive innovation, efficiency, and global progress.

AI’s Role in Space and Alien Contact

AI-designed chips, incomprehensible to humans, highlight its growing superiority. Harvard’s Avi Loeb predicts AI will outpace human intelligence and may already exist in advanced extraterrestrial civilizations. If alien AI exists, it could vastly surpass all known forms of intelligence.

SETI’s Seth Shostak believes first contact will be with AI, not organic beings. AI’s rapid evolution makes it ideal for deep-space missions. If we send AI probes, they might meet extraterrestrial AI, creating a moment of mutual discovery between civilizations.

Image Credits: Gerd Altmann from Pixabay

Image Credits: Alexandra_Koch from Pixabay

Image Credits: Ralph_Altrip_Germany from Pixabay

Image Credits: Alexandra_Koch from Pixabay

Nintendo Switch 2 Launch Games: What We Need

Nintendo Switch 2’s reveal on April 2 has reignited speculation about its hardware and games. A strong launch lineup is key to its early success. Mario Kart 9 is an obvious contender, given the franchise’s history with console debuts. Metroid Prime 4: Beyond, long in development, would also be a major launch title. Elden Ring’s presence could showcase the Switch 2’s power, proving its leap over the original Switch.

Nintendo’s lineup should also include a fresh IP, as seen with ARMS and Splatoon in previous launches. A multiplayer party game would add variety, offering an engaging way to experience the console with friends and family.

The White Lotus Season 3: How to Watch Online

Season 3 of The White Lotus takes viewers to Thailand, airing on HBO/Max in the U.S., Sky Atlantic in the U.K., Crave in Canada, and Binge in Australia. VPNs like NordVPN help bypass geo-restrictions for global streaming.

Viewers in the U.S. can watch Sundays at 9 p.m. ET/PT on HBO or stream via Max, with plans from $9.99/month. Sky Go and Now Entertainment offer access in the U.K., while Canadians can stream on Crave. Australians can use Binge or Foxtel Now.

Spotify Connect: A Game-Changer for Music Control

Spotify Connect enables seamless multi-device music control, letting users switch playback between devices without interruptions. This feature works across smart speakers, PCs, wearables, and TVs using Wi-Fi rather than Bluetooth, ensuring stable playback with minimal battery drain.

In contrast, YouTube Music offers limited cross-play syncing, restricted to Premium users and unidirectional transitions.

Kiwi Design H4 Boost Halo Battery Strap Review

The Kiwi Design H4 Boost Halo Battery Strap enhances Meta Quest 3 gameplay with superior comfort and extended battery life. Its soft padding and ergonomic design distribute weight effectively, reducing strain during long sessions. The dual-charging system and adjustability make it a top-tier upgrade.

At $99, it offers great value, often available at discounts. While slightly heavier than Meta’s Elite Strap, its extended battery life justifies the trade-off. For those seeking an affordable and comfortable solution to extend VR gaming, the H4 Boost is an excellent investment.

Image Credits: Fabio Lovino_HBO

Image Credits: Nintendo

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DID YOU KNOW?

Ununoctium, also known as Oganesson (symbol Og), is the element with the highest atomic number discovered so far, which is 118. Its most stable isotope, Oganesson-294, has an atomic mass of approximately 294 atomic mass units (amu).

For the First time, Scientists Observe Living Plant Cells Producing Cellulose and Constructing Cell Walls

▶ Credit: Ehsan Faridi/ Inmywork Studio/ Chundawat, Lee and Lam Labs

In a pioneering study on cellulose synthesis, a key component of plant cell walls, researchers at Rutgers University-New Brunswick have recorded continuous images of living plant cells constructing cell walls over 24 hours. Their findings offer valuable insights that could help develop stronger plants for enhanced food production and more affordable biofuels.

Published in Science Advances, the discovery unveils a previously unseen dynamic process with potential applications in plant-based products such as improved textiles, biofuels, biodegradable plastics, and innovative medical materials.

According to the researchers, the study not only advances fundamental knowledge but also offers fresh insights into cell wall formation.

A Collaborative Effort Across Disciplines

This breakthrough is the result of over six years of collaboration among three Rutgers University laboratories from distinct yet complementary fields: the School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Engineering, and the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences.

“This study provides the first direct visualization of cellulose synthesis and its self-assembly into a fibril network on a plant cell surface since Robert Hooke’s 1667 observation of cell walls,” said Sang-Hyuk Lee, an associate professor at Rutgers University and a co-author.

The research reveals how basic physical processes like diffusion and self-organization drive cellulose network formation. Video footage shows Arabidopsis protoplasts—cells without walls—spontaneous-

ly generating cellulose fibers, which self-organize into a structured network.

“I was surprised to see ordered structures emerge from the chaotic motion of molecules,” said Lee, also with the Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine. “I expected a more structured process, as shown in textbooks.”

Cellulose, Earth’s most abundant biopolymer, is vital for plant cell walls and widely used in paper, textiles, filtration, and food thickening.

“This discovery opens doors for studying genes involved in cellulose biosynthesis,” said Eric Lam, a Distinguished Professor of Plant Biology. “Future research may help develop stronger, stress-resistant plants and improve biofuel production.”

For Shishir Chundawat, a Rutgers engineering professor and study co-author, this research fulfills a lifelong dream.

“I’ve always been fascinated by how plants convert sunlight into cellulose for cell walls,” said Chundawat, who seeks to develop sustainable biofuels and biochemicals from plants and algae.

A Childhood Curiosity Turned Scientific Pursuit

His curiosity began with a middle school project collecting diverse leaves. “That experience

inspired me to study biomass production and its sustainable applications.”

Each research team contributed unique expertise. When standard microscopes proved inadequate, the team turned to total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy for clearer imaging.

The technique, capturing images from the underside of cells, enabled 24-hour video recording without damage or bleaching.

Lee, a biophysicist, designed a custom microscope and led imaging efforts. Chundawat’s team developed a fluorescent tagging method using a bacterial enzyme probe to highlight cellulose fibers.

Lam’s team removed Arabidopsis cell walls, creating a “blank slate” for new cellulose formation. “This eliminated background interference, allowing clear tracking of newly synthesized cellulose,” Lam said.

Other Rutgers researchers included postdoctoral scientists Hyun Huh and Mohammad Irfan, doctoral student Dharanidaran Jayachandran, and lab technician Junhong Sun.

Ancient Empire Brewed Psychedelic Beer to Build Alliances

▶ Credit: J. OCHATOMA PARAVICINO_M. E. BIWAR ET. AL., ANTIQUITY (2021)

A recent study in Antiquity reveals that an ancient South American civilization intentionally spiked a beer-like drink with psychoactive drugs to strengthen social bonds and expand its influence. This discovery provides some of the clearest archaeological evidence of ancient societies using hallucinogens for both recreation and social cohesion.

The Wari civilization, which thrived in the Peruvian Andes between 500 and 1000 CE, serves as the focus of this research. Archaeological excavations at the Wari outpost of Quilcapampa uncovered evidence of large-scale brewing of chicha, a fermented drink common in the region. However, unlike other civilizations, the Wari infused their chicha with a hallucinogenic substance—an unusual practice that set them apart.

Researchers identified traces of vilca seeds near chicha brewing sites. These seeds contain bufotenine, a known psychoactive compound traditionally inhaled or smoked. Yet, excavations revealed no smoking or snuffing tools, suggesting the Wari consumed vilca in liquid form instead. While historical accounts mention adding vilca to drinks, this study provides the first archaeological proof of its use in alcoholic beverages.

More intriguingly, researchers propose that the Wari used this psychoactive chicha strategically. Unlike many ancient societies where hallucinogens were reserved for religious ceremonies or elite figures, the Wari appeared to incorporate them into large social gatherings. Mathew Biwer, a co-author of the study, noted in 2022 that this approach differed from traditional uses of hallucinogens, which were typically exclusive and

ritualistic.

Vilca-Infused Chicha: A Diplomatic Tool for Wari Expansion

At Quilcapampa, vilca-infused chicha likely helped Wari elites forge alliances by offering an exclusive experience. Since vilca came from hundreds of miles away, guests couldn’t replicate it, creating a sense of indebtedness.

“The Wari used vilca in chicha to impress guests who couldn’t recreate the experience,” Biwer told CNN. “This fostered social ties and reinforced Wari leaders’ power.”

Researchers suggest Wari elites controlled vilca’s use to maintain status. While speculative, this theory highlights how the empire may have expanded influence through shared psychedelic experiences rather than force.

Feasting as a Tool for Influence: How Wari Hosts Gained Power Through Reciprocity

Biwer told Gizmodo in 2022 that Wari feasts carried social, economic, and political weight. Guests who received food and psychoactive drinks often felt obligated to reciprocate, creating long-term dependencies that strengthened the host’s influence.

“This creates social obligations, translating into real power,” Biwer noted. “Feasts and surplus allow people to build relation-

ships where some become indebted to others, generating influence.”

Similar discoveries reveal ancient psychedelic use worldwide. In Egypt, a team led by Davide Tanasi uncovered a 200 BCE vase containing a fermented fruit drink mixed with Peganum harmala (Syrian Rue) and Nymphaea caerulea (Egyptian Blue Lotus). Syrian Rue enhances psychoactive effects, while Egyptian Blue Lotus was linked to rituals. Researchers believe this blend played a role in the Festival of Drunkenness, where participants consumed the brew, lost consciousness, and received visions from the god Hathor.

These findings shed light on how ancient civilizations used psychoactive substances for social, religious, and political purposes, shaping history in unexpected ways.

Biodiesel Wastewater Treatment: Harnessing Carbon and Recovering Valuable Compounds

Biodiesel offers a cleaner-burning alternative to petroleum diesel, but its production generates CO2 and hazardous wastewater, requiring additional steps for true sustainability. Researchers at the University of Michigan are refining a process that captures CO2 while treating

biodiesel wastewater, simultaneously producing valuable co-products like fuels and green chemicals.

Biodiesel production transforms fats—such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled grease— into fuel through transesterification. In this reaction, methanol and a catalyst break fat molecules, creating glycerol and fatty acid esters. While fatty acid esters become biodiesel, glycerol enters the wastewater as a byproduct. If not properly treated, glycerol can deplete oxygen in water bodies, harming aquatic life.

Early wastewater treatment methods focused on removing contaminants, but recent efforts aim to recover valuable

materials, offsetting production costs. As biodiesel production expands, researchers see an opportunity to turn waste streams into resources.

“By developing more stable electrocatalysts, we can harness renewable energy to recover value from waste,” said Joshua Jack, assistant professor of civil and environmental engineering at U-M and corresponding author of the study in Environmental Science & Technology.

One promising method, electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R), converts CO2 from biodiesel exhaust into value-added products using electricity. However, eCO2R typically requires high-purity water and

costly metal catalysts to drive the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

To make the process more efficient and affordable, researchers are exploring electrochemical glycerol redox reaction (GOR) as an alternative. GOR uses glycerol’s ultra-low redox potential to reduce energy demand by 23% to 53%, depending on the catalyst.

The catalyst type also determines which chemicals GOR produces.

Nickel has emerged as a strong candidate due to its low cost, easy manufacturing, and ability to generate high-value compounds like formate, which sells for $146 per liter in the food industry.

“Coupling GOR with CO2 electrolysis integrates sustainable wastewater

treatment, CO2 capture, and green chemical production into a single process,” said Kyungho Kim, U-M postdoctoral research fellow and lead author of the study.

While previous research focused on maximizing catalytic activity for GOR, long-term catalyst stability received less attention. To address this, the team tested a nickel catalyst over 24 hours of continuous operation.

They developed a synthetic biodiesel wastewater containing glycerol, methanol, soap, and water. Using a flow cell with a nickel anode and platinum cathode, they applied an electric potential and observed catalyst performance. Over 24 hours, the nickel electrode’s efficiency dropped by 99.7%, primarily due to particle buildup blocking the surface.

For real-world application, regular cleaning and maintenance will be essential to maintain nickel catalyst performance.

“The analytical framework from this study provides a roadmap for evaluating catalyst stability, and the findings can improve catalyst design in various environmental processes,” Jack explained.

This research marks an early step toward creating durable electrocatalysts capable of efficiently processing wastewater while capturing CO2.

▶ Credit: ACS Publications

Cars & Gadgets

The Future of Car Interiors: Trends to Watch

Car interiors are becoming bolder, with vibrant colors, contrasting textures, and sustainable materials shaping modern designs. Lexus and Audi experiment with daring color schemes, while BMW and Mini incorporate warm hues like Apricot Crush.

Customization and smart surfaces are redefining luxury, with 3D printing allowing personalized storage solutions and hidden technology creating sleek, interactive dashboards. As automakers embrace these innovations, the next generation of car interiors will blend style, sustainability, and cutting-edge functionality.

MacBook Air M4 vs MacBook Pro M4: Key Differences

The MacBook Air M4 is the best option for most users, offering portability, affordability, and solid performance for everyday tasks. It starts at $999 and provides a lightweight design, making it ideal for web browsing and media consumption. The Pro, starting at $1,599, excels in performance, display, and battery life, making it the go-to for professionals handling demanding workloads.

The Pro’s mini-LED display, better speakers, and active cooling set it apart. If you need power for tasks like video editing or gaming, the Pro is the better investment. Otherwise, the MacBook Air offers great value for everyday users.

Ford Nucleon: A Radical but Impractical Vision

The Ford Nucleon, unveiled in 1957, was a concept car powered by a compact nuclear reactor. It showcased Ford’s vision of nuclear-powered vehicles but never progressed beyond a scale model due to technological and safety limitations. With a futuristic design and theoretical 5,000-mile range, the Nucleon remained an ambitious yet impractical concept.

Though nuclear energy in passenger cars never materialized, Ford continued exploring innovative designs, including the 1962 Ford Seattle-ite XXI. Today, alternative energy sources such as hydrogen fuel present more feasible options for sustainable mobility, reflecting the enduring pursuit of cleaner automotive technology.

The Pixel 9a delivers great value at $499, keeping costs low while offering solid performance. The Pixel 10, launching in August, will feature the Tensor G5 chip and likely start at $799 or more. Its upgraded RAM and AI capabilities should set it apart.

Design-wise, the Pixel 9a adopts a simpler look, while the Pixel 10 retains Google’s signature camera bar. With expected camera improvements and enhanced AI tools, the Pixel 10 will be the better phone, but its significantly higher price may make the Pixel 9a a smarter choice for many.

Image Credits: Lee Rosario from Pixabay

Image Credits: Ford

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Pixel 9a vs Pixel 10: How They Compare

Mathematics

Crochet Helps Solve a 40-Year-Old Math Problem

Finnish mathematician Susanna Heikkilä used crochet to solve a problem in differential topology that puzzled experts for 40 years. Alongside Pekka Pankka, she classified quasiregularly elliptic varieties in four dimensions, answering a question posed by Misha Gromov in 1981. By crocheting a sphere and using a chessboard fabric, she made abstract concepts more accessible.

Her work, based on De Rham cohomology, proved that quasiregularly elliptic varieties follow a specific algebraic condition. Crochet helped visualize the Alexander mapping, demonstrating how space deforms. This breakthrough, published in the Annals of Mathematics, is a milestone in Finnish mathematics.

Behaviorally Informed Emails Improve Math Progress

A large-scale study found that behaviorally informed emails helped teachers improve student math performance. Conducted with Zearn Math, the research tested 15 interventions and showed that personalized nudges, referencing student progress updates, increased math progress by 5.06%.

Though the improvements were modest, researchers believe refining these interventions could yield greater benefits. Future studies will explore long-term effects and ways to enhance teacher engagement. These findings highlight the potential of behavioral science in shaping smarter education policies.

Exploring Pure and Applied Mathematics

Pure math explores abstract theories, while applied math solves real-world problems. Both contribute to advancements in science, technology, and engineering.

Pure math underpins fields like physics and cryptography, while applied math aids engineering, economics, and computing. Central Michigan University offers programs in both, preparing students for careers in research, technology, and problem-solving industries.

Celebrating Emmy Noether’s Legacy

The play Diving into Math with Emmy Noether brings her pioneering contributions to the stage. Sponsored by UC Davis, it will be performed on April 9 as part of a U.S. tour. Written by Sandra Schueddekopf and Anita Zieher, it highlights Noether’s challenges and achievements in mathematics and physics.

UC Davis professor Anne Schilling, a 2024 Emmy Noether Lecturer, hopes the play will showcase the human side of math and inspire audiences. Noether’s theorems remain fundamental to science, and this performance aims to celebrate her lasting impact. Tickets are available now.

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Quantum Realm

The Quest for Gravitons

Gravitons, theorized to transmit gravity, remain undetected due to gravity’s extreme weakness. Unlike other forces, gravity lacks a confirmed quantum particle, complicating its study at microscopic scales.

Scientists explore indirect approaches, such as gravitational wave studies and quantum field experiments, to uncover evidence of gravitons. Although direct detection remains beyond current technology, future advancements may reveal their existence, reshaping our understanding of gravity.

Studying Quantum Gravity with Deep-Sea Neutrinos

Scientists using the KM3NeT deepsea telescope analyzed neutrinos for signs of decoherence, which could indicate quantum gravity effects. These particles oscillate between states, and if quantum gravity disrupts this process, their oscillations would be suppressed. The study found no evidence of decoherence, setting stricter limits on its possible effects. While direct proof of quantum gravity remains elusive, neutrino research continues to push the boundaries of physics, offering new paths for exploration.

A New Type of Time Quasicrystal

Scientists have created the first time quasicrystal by modifying a diamond’s atomic structure and applying non-repeating microwave pulses. Unlike traditional time crystals, these exhibit structured yet non-repeating temporal patterns.

This breakthrough deepens our understanding of quantum mechanics and may contribute to advancements in quantum computing and precision measurement.

Image Credits: Washington University

ZrTe5 exhibits quantum heat oscillations under ultra-cold, high-magnetic-field conditions, challenging assumptions about heat transport in semimetals. Researchers found that phonons, influenced by strong magnetic fields, behave more like electrons, leading to unexpected oscillations.

The study, published in PNAS, suggests that this effect extends beyond ZrTe5 to other semimetals like graphene and bismuth. The findings offer a new perspective on quantum materials, showing that thermal conductivity in semimetals can reveal subtle quantum effects previously undetectable.

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Quantum Heat Oscillations in ZrTe5

Biotech & Genetic

Cancer Cells Cooperate to Survive

NYU scientists discovered that cancer cells cooperate to survive, using the enzyme CNDP2 to break down oligopeptides into nutrients. Blocking CNDP2 with bestatin prevented tumor growth, revealing a new therapeutic target.

By deleting the Cndp2 gene in tumor cells and restricting amino acids, researchers significantly slowed tumor progression. These findings suggest that disrupting cancer cell cooperation could enhance treatment strategies, offering a new avenue for combating aggressive tumors.

Exportin-1’s

Dual Role in Gene Expression

Scientists found that Exportin-1 enhances gene transcription by linking transcription factors to nuclear pores. Since it is overexpressed in cancers, this discovery suggests a new target for therapy.

Current inhibitors of Exportin-1 are highly toxic. By selectively blocking its role in transcription without affecting nuclear export, researchers hope to develop safer cancer treatments that suppress tumor growth more effectively.

Placental DNA Methylation and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Credits: Nature Communications (2025)

Researchers found that placental DNA methylation influences the risk of schizophrenia and related disorders, reinforcing their neurodevelopmental origins. This discovery opens possibilities for early diagnosis and intervention. By understanding how genetic risk manifests prenatally, scientists aim to develop targeted preventive strategies and refine psychiatric treatments, ensuring they address early developmental factors rather than adult-stage gene activity.

Urgent Action Needed Against H5N1

H5N1 mutations are weakening antibody effectiveness, increasing the virus’s potential for human transmission. The rapid spread among birds, cattle, and farmworkers highlights the urgency of vaccine development.

Using computational modeling, researchers identified worsening antibody binding and antigenic drift, signaling a rising pandemic risk. Proactive surveillance and adaptive vaccine strategies are essential to mitigate this evolving threat.

Image Credits: Colin Behrens from Pixabay

Image credit: Molecular Cell (2025)

Image

Image Credits: Colby Ford, UNC Charlotte

AI Doc : AI Diagnosis and Prediction Platform for Female Cancer

Mobile APP for Cervical Cancer

A real-time AI diagnosis solution for cervical cancer that allows AI to read cervix images taken with a mobile application and then diagnose them secondarily by a gynecologist and Links with secondary interpretation by experienced gynecologists in advanced countries, allowing women in areas with insufficient medical infrastructure to immediately receive medical services at the level of advanced countries. Also, it provides realtime disease location and diagnosis information using AR technology, making it very easy to perform accurate biopsy and treatment.

Wellness

Weight Loss Benefits Persist Despite Regain

Despite regaining some lost weight, bariatric surgery patients still benefit from improved life expectancy and reduced cancer risk, according to a study from the University of Gothenburg. However, weight regain increases the risk of microvascular and cardiovascular disease, highlighting the need for long-term support. Preventing excessive weight regain can help sustain the positive effects of weight loss surgery.

Rosemary’s Health Benefits: Hair Growth, Skin, and More

Rosemary supports hair growth, improves skin health, and may aid in cancer prevention and brain function. Studies highlight its ability to enhance scalp blood flow, fight oxidative stress, and reduce inflammation.

While rosemary is safe for culinary use, essential oil should not be ingested. Pregnant women and those with certain conditions should use caution. Its health benefits make it a valuable addition to a balanced lifestyle.

Increased Heart Risks Linked to Cannabis

Studies show cannabis users face a significantly higher heart attack risk, with one analysis linking use to a 50% increase. Long-term cardiovascular effects remain uncertain, requiring further study.

Mechanisms behind these risks may include altered heart rhythm and arterial dysfunction. Experts urge caution, advising clinicians to consider cannabis use in cardiovascular assessments while research continues.

Alternative Sleep Solutions for Bedsharing Couples

The Scandinavian Sleep Method helps bedsharing couples by using separate duvets, but alternatives like motion-isolating mattresses or the German Bed Method—separate mattresses in one frame—offer additional benefits.

Breathable bedding, cooling fabrics, and split duvets also help regulate temperature. Customizing sleep setups based on individual needs can improve comfort without sacrificing closeness.

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Nutrition

The hunger for protein is insatiable

Protein consumption is booming, with demand for high-protein foods and bars growing rapidly. Many people eat more protein for energy and satiety, not just muscle gain. However, excessive intake, particularly from red and processed meats, poses health risks, including inflammation, heart disease, and cancer.

Experts recommend 0.75g of protein per kilogram of body weight, increasing with age and activity levels. The body cannot store excess protein, and too much can stress the kidneys, contribute to diabetes, and cause digestive issues. While there is no strict limit, exceeding 2g per kilogram daily may be harmful.

How

Vitamin D Supports Gut Health

Gut health thrives on microbial diversity, and vitamin D plays a crucial role in this balance. Vitamin D receptors influence gut integrity and immune defenses, while higher vitamin D levels correlate with greater gut microbiome diversity.

Deficiency in vitamin D can disrupt gut bacteria, affecting absorption and overall health. A high-potency vitamin D3 supplement, such as mindbodygreen’s vitamin D3 potency+, ensures optimal levels, supporting gut and whole-body health.

Okra Water: Potential Benefits and Considerations

Okra water is an infused drink believed to support blood sugar control, weight loss, and digestion. While okra itself has proven benefits, scientific research on okra water is lacking. It may contribute to hydration but should not replace medical treatments.

Health Benefits of Dairy Milk

Dairy milk provides essential nutrients that support bone health, muscle recovery, hydration, and immune function. It is rich in calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, and protein, making it beneficial for children, athletes, and older adults. Its hydration properties, along with electrolytes like potassium and magnesium, contribute to overall wellness.

While dairy milk is valuable throughout life, it may not be suitable for everyone. Infants should not consume it before 12 months, and some adults may experience lactose intolerance. Alternatives like lactose-free milk offer the same benefits. Regular milk consumption can help maintain strong bones and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

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Fitness

Preventing Running Injuries with Proper WarmUps

A proper warm-up enhances flexibility, prevents injuries, and improves running efficiency. Mobility drills prepare joints and muscles, reducing strain. Quality running shoes and gradual training progression also help avoid overuse injuries.

If an injury occurs, rest and professional evaluation are crucial. Running on a swollen ankle can lead to long-term problems. Tracking shoe mileage and maintaining a mobility routine further support injury prevention and running performance.

Walking for Weight Loss: How Many Miles Do You Need?

Walking aids weight loss by improving heart health, reducing stress, and increasing daily calorie burn. Experts recommend walking 15 to 20 miles per week at a brisk pace while maintaining a calorie deficit for best results.

Adding hills, speed bursts, or extra steps enhances the workout’s effectiveness. Walking remains a sustainable, accessible exercise suitable for all fitness levels, making it a valuable tool for long-term weight management.

Walking Plank Push-Ups: A One-Week Challenge

Walking plank push-ups increase muscle engagement by extending time under tension. The movement combines a plank walk with a push-up, activating the shoulders, chest, core, and triceps. Maintaining hip stability and using controlled tempo enhances effectiveness.

After a week of 70 daily reps, my triceps and chest experienced fatigue, but visible changes were limited. Strength development requires long-term consistency. While bodyweight training alone isn’t enough for muscle growth, this exercise proved valuable for endurance and stability.

Boosting Calorie Burn on Daily Walks

Increasing calorie burn while walking can be done by adding hills, adjusting pace, or incorporating structured intervals. Walking uphill or on an inclined treadmill engages more muscles, while alternating speeds raises heart rate and boosts endurance.

Tracking progress with a smartwatch, phone timer, or counting steps helps maintain consistency. A small change, like 20-step speed bursts, can make a difference. With good posture and motivation, walking remains a powerful, accessible fitness tool.

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Women Health

PCOS Alters Uterine Cell Biology

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) struggle with fertility, miscarriages, and endometrial cancer risks. A Nature Medicine study reveals their uterine lining has altered cell composition and gene expression, offering new treatment insights.

Researchers analyzed endometrial samples from 12 PCOS patients and five controls, finding disrupted cell communication and gene activity linked to pregnancy complications. Metformin improved gene expression, suggesting broader therapeutic potential. The study highlights pathways for targeted PCOS treatments.

High Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Linked to Oral Cavity Cancer in Women

High SSB intake significantly increases the risk of OCC in women, according to a large cohort study. The risk was 4.87 times higher in daily consumers and 5.46 times higher among nonsmokers and nondrinkers.

The findings highlight SSBs as an independent risk factor for OCC, supporting policies to reduce sugar intake. Public health efforts to curb SSB consumption could help lower OCC rates and improve overall health.

Bending Limits: My Contortion Journey

I tried contortion at London Dance Academy, blending flexibility and strength training in a beginner-friendly class. Despite my yoga experience, the session revealed gaps in my thoracic mobility, with hands-on guidance ensuring safe progression. Post-class soreness and breathing adjustments highlighted the neuromuscular challenge.

Sex Differences Shape Alzheimer’s Risk

Biological sex differences, long overlooked, may explain why women are twice as vulnerable to Alzheimer’s despite greater cognitive resilience. Research highlights the roles of estrogen, X chromosomes (Plp1 reactivation), and menopause, with hormone therapy timing critical to reducing tau buildup.

Early menopause links to higher tau levels, while timely hormone therapy may slow decline. However, late therapy worsens outcomes, aligning with guidelines. Studying these sex-specific mechanisms could unlock better treatments for Alzheimer’s and other brain diseases.

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Country: Angola

Ilha do Mussulo

Men Health

Skip Screenings, Risk Death

Men who avoid prostate cancer screening face a 45% higher risk of dying from the disease, per ERSPC research presented at the EAU Congress. Non-attenders also had a 39% higher mortality risk than unscreened men, highlighting the dangers of skipping tests. The study urges better outreach to understand and motivate highrisk non-attenders, as screening participation improves outcomes. With prostate cancer cases set to double by 2040, addressing attendance gaps is critical for effective national programs. The full analysis, covering 161,000 men, will be published in 2025.

Waist Size Predicts Cancer Risk

Researchers found waist circumference more effective for predicting cancer risk in men, as abdominal fat storage is more common in males. Women’s risk assessment remained equally accurate using BMI or waist measurements.

New NHS guidelines, issued by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Nice), will require annual BMI and waist checks for patients with chronic conditions like arthritis, heart failure, and diabetes. These measures aim to improve early detection of obesity-related health risks.

Fight Sitting With Movement

Prolonged sitting contributes to muscle tightness, back pain, and fatigue. Combat these effects with exercises like dead bugs, planks, and glute bridges to strengthen the posterior chain and improve posture. Incorporate dynamic moves like lunges with twists or mountain climbers to enhance mobility.

For resistance training, kettlebell squats, deadlifts, and bent-over rows target key muscle groups. No equipment? Use household items as substitutes. Pair these exercises with ergonomic workspace adjustments—like standing desks—to minimize sedentary risks. Consistency is key to counteracting the downsides of desk-bound routines.

Defying Death with New Lungs

Dennys René Rivas Williams, diagnosed with fatal silicosis after years of silica dust exposure, defied death with a double lung transplant. “If I hadn’t received it, I would have died,” he said. Silicosis, an incurable occupational disease, primarily affects immigrant workers, with over 250 cases in California since 2019.

Post-transplant, Dennys faced depression and uncertainty but leaned on family support. “I want to see my children grow,” he shared. Experts emphasize the emotional toll of chronic illness, urging mental health care. For crises, call 988.

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Image Credits: Lund University in Sweden

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Gerontology & Life Extension

Holistic Aging Study Enrolls Volunteers

UTA’s Arlington Study of Healthy Aging (ASHA), led by Michael Nelson, takes a comprehensive approach to studying age-related health decline by examining the entire body. The study will enroll 600 volunteers (ages 50–80) for advanced imaging, blood tests, and physical assessments at UTA’s Clinical Imaging Research Center (CIRC).

Jon Weidanz emphasized the project’s interdisciplinary collaboration across fields like nursing, bioengineering, and computer science. Over four years, researchers will generate anonymized data to benefit future studies, supported by volunteers and UTA’s faculty, staff, and students. Nelson noted, “It truly takes a village to execute a project of this scale.”

Health More Nurture Than Nature Eat Well, Live Longer

A Nature Medicine study analyzing UK Biobank data found environment and lifestyle influence longevity far more than genetics. While age and sex explained half of lifespan variation, environmental factors contributed 17%, versus less than 2% for genes—highlighting smoking, income, and activity as key drivers.

Surprisingly, diet showed no clear link to biological aging, possibly due to data limitations. Though genetics affect cancer and dementia risks, the study reinforces that daily choices largely determine healthspan, emphasizing actionable factors over inherited traits.

Secrets of Extreme Longevity Revealed

Maria Branyas Morera, who lived to 117, exhibited biological traits of a much younger person, a new study finds. Researchers identified protective factors like immune-related genes, optimal cholesterol, and anti-inflammatory gut bacteria. Her epigenetic age also appeared a decade younger than her chronological age.

However, validating extreme longevity remains challenging due to disputed records. Despite uncertainties, Branyas’ case provides insights into healthy aging, distinguishing natural decline from disease. Her biology could inform future longevity research and interventions.

Healthy habits, like the Mediterranean diet, can extend life by over a decade, per a 2023 Nature Food study. Dr. Holiday Durham, RD, explains its benefits: reduced inflammation, better heart health, and lower disease risk. The diet emphasizes whole foods, healthy fats, and limits processed meats and sugars.

Start small—swap refined grains, add veggies, and prep meals. Dr. Emma Laing, RDN, highlights flexibility and enjoyment as keys to long-term success. Pairing nutritious eating with social meals reinforces both health and longevity.

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Psychology

Pain Disrupts Virtual Body Ownership

LSD Microdosing Ineffective for ADHD

Microdosing LSD shows no significant advantage over a placebo in treating ADHD, per a JAMA Psychiatry study. In a six-week trial with 53 adults, 20 μg LSD doses twice weekly were safe but equally effective as a placebo in symptom improvement.

Reset Your Brain with Sound

“Brain flossing,” a TikTok trend, uses 8D audio—sound shifting between ears—to promote mental clarity. Uladzimir Seuruk of Cata-Kor explains it activates both brain hemispheres, acting as a “reset button” for stress. Fans report improved focus, relaxation, and even emotional relief.

The practice requires only headphones and quiet, making it accessible. Research suggests such stimulation may protect cognitive health long-term. For optimal results, start with short sessions and varied tracks at moderate volume. Seuruk highlights its simplicity, calling it an effective, immediate self-care tool.

A Hiroshima University study found that imagining pain in a virtual body weakened the brain’s sense of ownership over it. Using VR, researchers induced the full-body illusion (FBI) but found it diminished when participants associated the virtual body with abdominal pain, especially in those with depersonalization tendencies.

The results suggest top-down factors—prior expectations—can disrupt body ownership. Further research may clarify whether this stems from negative interpretations or body-state mismatches, potentially aiding treatments for depersonalization disorders.

The findings challenge anecdotal claims, highlighting the need for controlled studies. Researchers suggest exploring alternative dosing strategies but stress that current evidence does not support microdosing LSD for ADHD.

Shared Genes Link Learning Disorders

A study found that ADHD, dyslexia, and dyscalculia often co-occur due to shared genetic risks, not direct causation. Researchers analyzed 19,125 twins, revealing that 37% of children with ADHD also had dyslexia or dyscalculia, with genetics explaining 75% of the variance in symptoms.

While genetic predisposition plays a major role, effective teaching and interventions still help. The findings highlight the need for tailored support, as most children with one condition do not have another. Future research will examine gene-environment interactions to optimize learning strategies.

Image Credits: Kazuki Yamamoto & Takashi Nakao, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University

Image Credits: Chen from Pixabay

Image Credits: Martine from Pixabay

Image Credits: Kohji Asakawa from Pixabay

DID YOU KNOW?

In 2016, astronomers detected a powerful radio signal known as a fast radio burst (FRB) originating from a galaxy over 3 billion light-years away. This marked a significant milestone, as it was the first time scientists successfully traced an FRB to its host galaxy—a small, faint dwarf galaxy located in the constellation Auriga.

B-2 Spirit

Engineered for strategic dominance, the B-2 combines advanced technology with unmatched stealth capability, making it a symbol of futuristic air superiority. Perfect for showcasing innovation, power, and sophistication in your next advertisement.

The B-2 Spirit is a cutting-edge stealth bomber designed for precision and power. With its sleek, flying-wing design, it evades radar detection while delivering both conventional and nuclear payloads across vast distances.

March 20

Historical Events:

1727: Death of Sir Isaac Newton, one of the most influential scientists in history. His work on gravity, optics, and calculus laid the foundation for modern physics.

1916: Albert Einstein publishes the final form of his General Theory of Relativity, transforming our understanding of space, time, and gravity.

1999: Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones complete the first nonstop balloon flight around the world, demonstrating advancements in aerospace engineering and meteorology.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1904: Birth of B. F. Skinner, a pioneering psychologist known for his work in behaviorism and operant conditioning.

1950: Birth of Carl Wieman, Nobel Prize-winning physicist recognized for his contributions to Bose-Einstein condensates.

Scientific Discoveries:

2012: Discovery of a new state of matter, the quantum spin liquid, which could have applications in quantum computing.

March 21

Historical Events:

1925: Butler Act is signed into law in Tennessee, prohibiting the teaching of evolution in schools, leading to the famous Scopes Trial.

1963: The Soviet Union launches Vostok 5, furthering human space exploration.

2006: Pluto’s moons Nix and Hydra are officially named, contributing to knowledge of the Kuiper Belt.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1768: Birth of Joseph Fourier,

known for the Fourier Transform, which is fundamental in signal processing, physics, and engineering.

1960: Birth of Ayrton Senna, a racing driver with deep interests in aerodynamics and mechanical engineering.

Scientific Discoveries:

2015: Scientists discover the largest known cluster of supermassive black holes in the Phoenix Cluster, reshaping our understanding of galaxy formation.

March 22

Historical Events:

1895: Auguste and Louis Lumière patent the cinematograph, pioneering motion pictures and visual technology.

1993: Intel introduces the Pentium microprocessor, a breakthrough in computing.

2017: NASA’s Juno spacecraft captures unprecedented images of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, revealing new atmospheric details.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1868: Birth of Robert Andrews Millikan, physicist known for measuring the charge of the electron.

1943: Birth of George Benson, influential researcher in plant photosynthesis and light reactions.

Scientific Discoveries:

2019: Confirmation of the existence of exoplanet K2-288Bb, expanding the search for habitable planets.

March 23

Historical Events:

1840: John William Draper takes the first detailed photograph of the Moon, advancing astrophotography.

1965: NASA completes the Gemini 3 mission, the first U.S. two-person spaceflight, testing crucial ma-

neuvers.

1998: The FDA approves Viagra, revolutionizing the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1882: Birth of Emmy Noether, mathematician whose theorems are crucial in theoretical physics.

1967: Birth of William McCool, astronaut who flew on the Space Shuttle Columbia.

Scientific Discoveries:

2010: Scientists announce the discovery of a vast ocean beneath Saturn’s moon Enceladus, raising the possibility of extraterrestrial life.

March 24

Historical Events:

1882: Robert Koch identifies Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the cause of tuberculosis, a major breakthrough in microbiology.

1965: NASA launches Ranger 9, capturing detailed images of the Moon before impact.

1989: The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurs, leading to extensive environmental damage and changes in regulations.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1494: Birth of Georgius Agricola, the father of mineralogy.

1926: Birth of Dario Fo, playwright with interests in biomechanics and human movement science.

Scientific Discoveries:

2001: The first draft of the human genome sequence is completed, revolutionizing genetics and medicine.

March 25

Historical Events:

1655: Christiaan Huygens discovers Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, leading to major advances in planetary science.

1961: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 9, carrying a dummy cosmonaut and animals to test life-support systems.

1983: President Ronald Reagan announces the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), pushing advancements in missile defense technology.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1867: Birth of Gutzon Borglum, sculptor with deep knowledge of geological engineering, responsible for Mount Rushmore.

1914: Birth of Norman Borlaug, father of the Green Revolution, who improved agricultural productivity worldwide.

Scientific Discoveries:

2018: Researchers identify a new species of prehistoric human, Homo luzonensis, in the Philippines, changing human evolution theories.

March 26

Historical Events:

1874: The first successful transmission of a wireless signal is made by David Edward Hughes, paving the way for radio technology.

1953: Jonas Salk announces his polio vaccine, reducing polio cases worldwide.

2002: The discovery of Sedna, a distant object in the Solar System, raises questions about planetary formation.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1913: Birth of Paul Erdős, mathematician known for his work in combinatorics and number theory.

1942: Birth of Erica Jong, influential writer who explored the psychology of creativity.

Scientific Discoveries:

2020: The most detailed simulation of a black hole’s event horizon is completed, improving gravitational wave research.

Archeology

Birds: The Last Dinosaurs

Did all dinosaurs vanish 66 million years ago? While the asteroid impact wiped out giants like T. rex, one group survived: birds. Palaeontologists, studying fossils like Deinonychus and Archaeopteryx, confirmed birds evolved from feathered dinosaurs.

Ethics of Displaying the Dead

Ancient Roman Tombs Unearthed in Liternum

Recent excavations in Liternum, an ancient Roman colony in Giugliano, Italy, uncovered Imperial-era remains, including funerary enclosures, a mausoleum, and a gladiator’s epitaph. The site, active from the 2nd century BC, thrived due to the Via Domitiana.

Led by Dr. Simona Formola, the findings—such as opus reticulatum structures and diverse burials—reveal Liternum’s funerary customs and social dynamics. Superintendent Mariano Nuzzo highlighted their importance, with ongoing research expected to expand knowledge of Roman Campania.

The asteroid caused global fires and darkness, killing large dinosaurs. Yet small, adaptable animals—including early birds— endured. Today, birds are living dinosaurs, proving their lineage persists. To see a dinosaur, just watch a bird in flight.

Museums face ethical dilemmas in displaying human remains, from mummies to resin casts of Pompeii victims. While some institutions remove such exhibits, others use replicas, raising questions about consent and visitor distress. Colonial-era collections, often acquired violently, are increasingly repatriated.

Balancing education with respect remains challenging. Thoughtful design—like optional viewing spaces—can help audiences engage with mortality sensitively. Ongoing research and dialogue are crucial to navigating these complex issues ethically.

Image Credits: CC0 Public Domain via phys.org

Ancient

Hominins Used Natural Tools

Dr. Margherita Mussi’s study in Quaternary International reveals hominins used natural basalt spheres as tools for over 1 million years in Melka Kunture, Ethiopia. Over 30 spheres, found alongside *Homo* fossils, were likely selected for percussive tasks, not transported by water.

Mussi suggests harder spheres knapped tools, while softer ones processed hides or plants. This repeated use of natural shapes— outils à posteriori—shows early hominins’ adaptive resource exploitation, offering new insights into tool behavior evolution.

Image Credits: Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per l’area metropolitana di Napoli

Image Credits: Guo WuYou from Pixabay

Image Credits: Mussi 2025

Space Exploration & Cosmology

Parker Probe Breaks Solar Records

Image Credits: Johns Hopkins University_APL_Steve Gribben

NASA’s Parker Solar Probe completed another close pass of the Sun on March 22, matching its records for speed (430,000 mph) and proximity (3.8 million miles). All instruments collected vital corona data, with mission controllers confirming normal operations.

Launched in 2018, Parker is the first spacecraft to enter the Sun’s corona, studying solar wind and space weather. Shielded from extreme heat, it continues to provide groundbreaking insights during its seven-year mission.

Long Spaceflight Alters Astronauts’ Health

Image Credits: NASA

Astronauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore returned to Earth after a nine-month ISS mission, far longer than the planned eight days. Technical issues delayed their return, leading to visible physical changes, including muscle atrophy, bone loss, and weight reduction due to microgravity’s effects.

NASA’s rehabilitation program will aid their recovery, but their condition underscores the challenges of extended spaceflight. As missions aim for the Moon and Mars, mitigating these health risks remains critical for future exploration.

Image Credits: ALMA (ESO_NAOJ_ NRAO)_S. Carniani et al._S. Schouws et al_JWST_ NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Brant Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), Ben Johnson (CfA), Sandro Tacchella (Cambridge), Phill Cargile (CfA)

Image Credits: Inkhouse

Reflections from Space Travel

Lane Bess, CEO of Deep Instinct and former executive at Palo Alto Networks and Zscaler, has traveled to space twice with Blue Origin. His trips in 2021 and 2024 reshaped his outlook on humanity, making him question political power dynamics and whether humans should begin considering space colonization.

A lifelong space enthusiast, Bess leveraged his financial success to secure a seat on Blue Origin’s flights. His journeys highlighted Earth’s fragility and the intensity of space travel. He admires Jeff Bezos’ commitment to space innovation, believing only a select few billionaires truly invest in shaping the future.

Astronomers Discover Oxygen in Ancient Galaxy JADES-GS-z14-0, Revealing Faster-Than-Expected Cosmic Evolution

Astronomers using ALMA detected oxygen in JADES-GS-z14-0, the most distant known galaxy, suggesting galaxies evolved faster than expected. Observed 300 million years after the Big Bang, it contains ten times more heavy elements than predicted, pointing to rapid star formation and supernovae.

This discovery refines distance measurements with unprecedented accuracy and raises new questions about early galaxy formation. The combined power of JWST and ALMA is revolutionizing our understanding of the Universe’s infancy, showing galaxies evolved chemically far sooner than previously believed.

Engineering, Robotics & IT

Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Co-Design

Wayne State University received a five-year NSF grant to enhance the safety of autonomous vehicles through hardware-software co-design. Led by Zheng Dong, Ph.D., the $595,611 project, ChronosDrive, focuses on improving real-time safety certifications for DNN-driven systems by integrating worst-case execution time and schedulability analysis.

Dong’s research tackles the challenge of ensuring timing accuracy in AI-powered vehicles. By leveraging computing accelerators and co-designed architectures, the project aims to enhance safety and reliability. Wayne State’s Vice President for Research & Innovation, Ezemenari M. Obasi, highlighted the award’s impact on AI research and student training in autonomous technology.

Pay for Better Search Results?

Image Credits: Firmbee from Pixabay

Google’s search quality has declined, with ads and AI-generated content reducing trust. Kagi, a premium search engine, offers adfree, high-quality results for €10 per month. Unlike Google, which profits from advertisers, Kagi sells only a better search experience. But will users pay for something that has always been free?

If Kagi succeeds, Google may introduce a paid “Search Premium” version. However, ads will still generate billions, making paid search an exclusive option. As digital services shift to subscriptions, the future of search may follow. The real question: is better search worth €10 a month?

AI-Enhanced Tactile Robotic Hand

The TacPalm SoftHand is a groundbreaking robotic hand that integrates high-density tactile sensing, soft dexterous fingers, and AI-driven feedback to enhance human-robot interaction. Unlike traditional rigid designs, it combines a tactile palm with fiber-reinforced pneumatic fingers, improving grip stability, object classification, and flaw detection. A visual-tactile system, micro camera, and LED ring provide detailed contact sensing, while AI enables real-time adaptability.

Image Credits: aerogondo2_Shutterstock.com

Autonomous Navy Helicopter Advances Independently

Engineers at Leonardo Helicopters UK in Yeovil are developing the Proteus, an autonomous helicopter for the Royal Navy. Unlike previous crewless models, Proteus requires no remote operation and can execute missions independently. It is designed to perform high-risk tasks like deploying sonar buoys to detect submarines, reducing the need for human pilots.

As part of a research initiative, Proteus will not be mass-produced, but it represents the growing military shift toward automation. Test flights are set for summer, and the team is confident in its capabilities. “We’ll program it, it will do its thing,” says Nigel Colman.

Image Credits: Wayne State University.

Image Credits: Leonardo Helicopters via BBC

PixelMug

P1:

AI-Enhanced

Mug with Pixel Display

Introducing Your New Favorite Tech Companion: The AI-Enhanced Smart Mug with Pixel Display. Say goodbye to boring coffee breaks and hello to moments filled with delight!

Are We Alone? The Quest for Life Beyond Earth

For centuries, humans have looked up at the stars and wondered: Are we alone in the universe? This question has fueled myths, legends, and, more recently, scientific investigations into astrobiology—the study of life beyond Earth. From Mars rovers to interstellar radio signals, the search for extraterrestrial life is one of the most exciting frontiers of modern science.

What Is Astrobiology?

Astrobiology is the interdisciplinary field that combines biology, chemistry, physics, and planetary science to understand the potential for life in the universe. Scientists explore extreme environments on Earth—like deep-sea hydrothermal vents, acidic hot springs, and frozen tundras—to determine where life could survive elsewhere. These extreme Earth environments, or “analog sites,” help scientists predict what alien life might look like and where it might be found.

The Habitable Zone: The Sweet Spot for Life

A planet’s ability to support life depends on many factors, but one

of the most crucial is its position in the habitable zone, also called the “Goldilocks Zone.” This is the region around a star where conditions are just right—not too hot, not too cold—for liquid water to exist. Earth sits comfortably in this zone, and so do many recently discovered exoplanets.

The discovery of exoplanets in habitable zones has fueled speculation that life may exist beyond Earth. Some of the most promising candidates include Proxima Centauri b, TRAPPIST-1e, and Kepler-442b. These planets orbit their stars at distances that could allow for liquid water— one of the essential ingredients for life as we know it.

The Mars Mystery: Was There Ever Life on the Red Planet?

Mars has long been a focal point in the search for extraterrestrial life. Although it’s a barren wasteland today, evidence suggests that it once had liquid water on its surface. NASA’s rovers, such as Curiosity and Perseverance, have been searching for signs of past microbial life, analyzing rock formations and drilling into Martian soil.

One of the biggest

discoveries was the detection of organic molecules in Martian rocks— complex carbon-based compounds that are fundamental to life. Additionally, seasonal fluctuations of methane in the Martian atmosphere hint at possible biological activity, though geologic processes could also be responsible. Could ancient Martian microbes have once thrived in underground reservoirs? The search continues.

Europa and Enceladus: Oceans Beneath Ice

If there’s one thing scientists have learned, it’s that where there’s water, there’s a chance for life. Some of the most intriguing candidates for alien life in our solar system aren’t planets but moons—specifically, Jupiter’s Europa and Saturn’s Enceladus.

The Search for Intelligent Life: SETI and the Wow! Signal

While microbial life would be an astonishing discovery, the possibility of intelligent extrater-

Both of these moons have vast subsurface oceans hidden beneath thick ice sheets. The Cassini spacecraft detected geysers of water vapor erupting from Enceladus, containing organic compounds and salts—suggesting hydrothermal vents may be at work, similar to those on Earth’s ocean floor that support entire ecosystems without sunlight. Europa’s icy surface shows signs of cracks and shifting plates, hinting at a dynamic, warm ocean below. NASA’s upcoming Europa Clipper mission aims to investigate this further, searching for biosignatures that could indicate the presence of alien life.

restrial life is even more tantalizing. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) uses radio telescopes to scan the cosmos for signals from advanced civilizations.

One of the most famous events in SETI history is the “Wow! Signal,” detected in 1977 by astronomer Jerry Ehman. This strong, unexplained radio signal appeared to come from deep space and lasted for 72 seconds. Despite numerous

follow-up searches, it has never been detected again, leaving scientists puzzled and fueling speculation about its origin.

The Fermi Paradox: Where Is Everybody?

Given the vast number of stars and planets in the universe, it seems likely that intelligent life should exist somewhere. So why haven’t we found it? This contradiction is known as the Fermi Paradox.

Scientists have proposed many explanations, including:

• The Great Filter: A theory that suggests civilizations may self-destruct before achieving interstellar communication.

• Zoo Hypothesis: The idea that advanced aliens are deliberately avoiding contact with us, observing from afar like zookeepers.

• We’re Early: Perhaps intelligent life is extremely rare, and we are among the first civilizations to emerge.

Life Beyond Carbon: Could Aliens Be Completely Different?

Most of our search for extraterrestrial life assumes it will be carbon-based,

like life on Earth. But what if alien life is radically different? Some scientists speculate that silicon-based life forms could exist, given silicon’s chemical similarities to carbon. Others consider the possibility of organisms thriving in environments of liquid methane, such as Saturn’s moon Titan.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Astrobiology

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the search for extraterrestrial life. Machine learning algorithms analyze vast datasets from telescopes, identifying exoplanets and detecting anomalies in radio signals that might indicate extraterrestrial intelligence. AI also helps control robotic missions exploring extreme environments on Earth and in space, improving our ability to detect biosignatures on alien worlds.

The

Ethics of Contacting Extraterrestrial Civilizations

If we discover intelligent life, should we attempt to communicate? Some scientists warn that revealing our presence to potentially advanced extraterrestrial civilizations could be risky. Theoretical physicist Stephen

Hawking once cautioned that an encounter with an advanced civilization might be similar to how indigenous peoples on Earth suffered after meeting technologically superior invaders. Others argue that if intelligent aliens exist, they may already know about us but choose to remain silent.

The Future of the Search for Alien Life

With advancing technology, our search for extraterrestrial life is reaching new heights. The James Webb Space Telescope is analyzing exoplanet atmospheres for signs of life, while upcoming missions to Mars, Europa, and Enceladus may provide direct evidence of alien microbes. Additionally, the Breakthrough Listen project continues to scan the cosmos for radio signals from intelligent civilizations. Are we on the verge of the greatest discovery in human history? Whether it’s microbial life hiding in a Martian crater or intelligent beings sending us radio signals from across the galaxy, the quest to find extraterrestrial life is one of the most exciting scientific pursuits of our time. The truth is out there, and we may be closer than ever to finding it.

Parenting & Relationship

Love’s Slow Fade Before Breakup

A psychological study found that romantic relationships go through a gradual decline before separation. Satisfaction decreases over time, with a transition point occurring one to two years before the breakup. After this point, dissatisfaction accelerates, leading to an inevitable split. Researchers analyzed data from national studies in Germany, Australia, the UK, and the Netherlands, confirming this pattern.

The partner initiating the breakup experiences dissatisfaction earlier, while the other partner faces a sudden drop before separation. Since couples often seek help too late, early intervention in the preterminal phase may help prevent relationships from ending.

Playful Fathers Raise Happier Children

Fathers who engage in playful interactions with their children help foster happiness, confidence, and resilience. According to the British Psychology Society, children with fathers who joke around are generally happier. Parenting expert Ashita highlights that a father’s cheerful behavior positively influences a child’s outlook, while excessive anger can have negative effects.

The Power of Workplace Relationships in Organizational Success

Workplace relationships enhance productivity, job satisfaction, and overall business performance. Fear of favoritism, competition, and digital communication have weakened interpersonal bonds, leading to disengagement and high turnover.

Companies like Tata, Infosys, and Amul show that fostering strong relationships leads to motivated teams and long-term success.

Parenting Choices Aren’t Life-Altering Decisions

Parenting advice, especially on social media, often presents choices as life-altering decisions. Claims like “babies in day care think their parents have died” create unnecessary fear. Research, including the NICHD study, shows day care’s effects are minimal, with quality of care being the most important factor. Yet, exaggerated narratives pressure parents into believing every choice determines their child’s future.

Image Credits: Phillip Neho from Pixabay

Image Credits: Pexels from Pixabay

Image Credits: Malachi Witt from Pixabay

Image Credits: Sławek from Pixabay

Investiments & Finanace

How Not to Invest: Avoiding Common Pitfalls

Barry Ritholtz emphasizes that avoiding mistakes is key to successful investing. Simplicity beats complexity, and long-term wealth grows best when left to compound without interference. Active trading and overconfidence often lead to losses, as institutions have significant advantages over individual investors.

Investors should follow reliable experts and prioritize index funds, which consistently outperform most active managers. With free trading and advanced tools available, investing has never been easier, making this a golden age for smart, disciplined investors.

The Importance of Financial Education for Young People

Financial literacy should start early to build lifelong money management skills. ILCU’s Start Money Smart teaches primary students budgeting, saving, and financial responsibility through interactive activities. The ‘Clued In’ programme continues this education in secondary school, emphasizing disposable income and debt management.

Financial planner Leah McMahon advises students to budget wisely and understand the risks of mismanaged credit. Initiatives like the National Financial Literacy Programme and Bank of Ireland’s Money Smarts help students develop strong financial habits. Early education in finance fosters independence, ensuring future financial security and informed decision-making.

Bankit Africa Gamifies Banking for Financial Growth

Bankit Africa integrates game dynamics into banking, making financial management interactive. Features like leaderboards, challenges, and rewards encourage responsible financial habits. Users unlock advanced tools by consistently engaging with the platform, reinforcing positive behaviors.

Navigating Digital Financial Advice: Risks and Strategies

AI and social media have made financial advice more accessible but also more misleading. Finfluencers often prioritize monetization over sound guidance, increasing risks for young investors. AI-generated deepfake content further complicates the landscape, making scams harder to detect.

Financial resilience depends on literacy, critical thinking, and professional advice. Young investors should seek reputable sources, manage emotional biases, and follow a disciplined financial strategy.

Images Credits: Barry Ritholtz

Image Credits: Allen from Pixabay

Image Credits: Yen Choi, Chief Executive Officer of Bankit Africa

Images Credits: Mohamed Hassan from Pixabay

Retirement

The

Importance of Financial Planning After a Late-Career Layoff

A late-career layoff can disrupt retirement plans, but a strategic approach helps regain stability. Managing expenses, assessing finances, and consulting a professional are critical first steps. Options for income include tax-advantaged withdrawals, the Rule of 55, or part-time work. Social Security decisions should be made carefully, as early claims reduce long-term benefits.

Networking, interview preparation, and maintaining industry relevance improve job prospects. Seeking support from friends and taking time to reflect can ease the transition. Whether choosing early retirement or returning to work, thoughtful planning ensures financial security and personal fulfillment.

Should You Top Up Your State Pension?

Before topping up your state pension, assess whether it will genuinely increase your benefits. Having 35 years of National Insurance contributions, losing means-tested benefits, or facing higher taxes could make voluntary contributions ineffective. Personal health and alternative retirement options should also factor into your decision.

Consult your state pension forecast, check benefit entitlements, and seek professional financial advice before making a commitment. A tailored strategy ensures your retirement planning aligns with your financial needs and long-term goals.

Maximizing Health Savings Accounts for LongTerm Growth

HSAs offer triple tax advantages, making them ideal for long-term savings when healthcare costs can be covered out of pocket. Taxfree compounding significantly increases returns, and strategic withdrawals ensure maximum benefits. Asset allocation should evolve with retirement needs.

In retirement, HSAs should be used after taxable accounts and traditional IRAs to extend tax-free growth. When planning for heirs, naming a spouse maintains benefits, while charities avoid taxes on inherited HSAs, making them a smart estate planning option.

A Life Well-Retired: Frank Noble’s Journey

Frank Noble retired early after a successful forestry career, finding fulfillment in travel, gardening, and part-time work. Adjusting to a slower pace was difficult at first, but maintaining hobbies and financial security made the transition smoother.

Now 86, he stays active through golf, gym workouts, and outdoor activities. Owning his home and having investments allowed him to retire comfortably. His advice: financial readiness is key, but staying engaged with interests makes retirement truly enjoyable.

Image Credits: Melissa Noble

Image Credits: Gerd Altmann from Pixabay Image Credits: Mohamed Hassan from Pixabay

Image Credits: Wilfried Pohnke from Pixabay

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Recommendations

This book is intended to assist scientists in planning and carrying out research. However, unlike most books dealing with the scientific method, which stress its philosophical rationale, this book is written from a practical standpoint. It contains a rich legacy of principles, maxims, procedures and general techniques that have been found useful in a wide range of sciences.

While much of the material is accessible to a college senior, the book is more specifically intended for students beginning research and for those more experienced research workers who wish an introduction to various topics not included in their training. Mathematical treatments have been kept as elementary as possible to make the book accessible to a broad range of scientists. Its principles and rules can be absorbed to advantage by workers in such diverse fields as agriculture, industrial and military research, biology and medicine as well as in the physical sciences. After discussing such basics as the choice and statement of a research problem and elementary scientific method, Professor Wilson offers lucid and helpful discussions of the design of experiments and apparatus, execution of experiments, analysis of experimental data, errors of measurement, numerical computation and other topics. A final chapter treats the publication of research results.

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