TWIS 20-26 FEB 25 EN

#dotdot is a WiFi network created by standalone pocket repeaters called “#dot’s”.

These small repeaters have embedded software that allows the #dotdot app to control a large number of use cases, both professional and consumer.

Study Finds That Common Mushroom Fiber Could Help Protect Against the Flu

▶ Image credits: Pixabay

Mushrooms may be more powerful than they appear. Past research has linked them to reduced depression risk, enhanced brain cell growth, and even cancer protection. Now, a new study suggests they might also help defend against influenza.

A research team from McGill University in Canada discovered that beta-glucan fibers, found in all mushrooms, might help shield against the flu by reducing lung inflammation in infected mice.

Beta-Glucan Improves Lung Function and Reduces Flu Severity in Mice

Additionally, mice that received beta-glucan showed better lung function and a reduced risk of severe illness or death after flu exposure. While human trials are needed for confirmation, these findings present an exciting path for further research.

“Beta-glucan is a component of the cell walls in all fungi, including those that naturally exist in and on the human body as part of the microbiome,” explains Maziar Divangahi, an immunologist at McGill University.

He adds, “It’s intriguing to consider that an individual’s fungal composition and levels might impact their immune response to infections, partly due to the effects of beta-glucan.”

Beta-Glucan Enhances Disease Tolerance by Modulating Immune Response

Beta-glucan is already recognized for its immune-boosting properties, but in this study, researchers focused on its role in disease tolerance—reducing the body’s response to viral infection rather than directly eliminating pathogens, as traditional antiviral treatments do.

What sets beta-glucan apart is its ability

to reprogram immune cells for better flu resistance. Mice treated with beta-glucan had more neutrophils, a type of immune cell, but these cells exhibited more controlled behavior than usual.

This reprogramming proved crucial, as it prevented neutrophils from overreacting and causing excessive lung inflammation—a common complication of severe flu infections, including pneumonia.

“Neutrophils are typically associated with inflammation, but beta-glucan has the ability to shift their role toward reducing it,” explains immunologist Kim Tran from McGill University.

Beta-Glucan’s

Lasting Impact: Potential for Long-Term Immune Protection

Additionally, the enhanced neutrophils persisted for up to a month, suggesting that beta-glucan-based treatments could provide long-term protection. However, researchers are still in the early stages of exploring its full potential.

While the life-saving benefits of disease tolerance are well understood, many aspects of its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study provides valuable insights and could potentially be applied to other respiratory diseases in future research.

“It’s remarkable how

beta-glucan can reprogram specific immune cells, like neutrophils, to regulate excessive lung inflammation,” says immunologist Nargis Khan, now at the University of Calgary in Canada.

Your Takeout Food Packaging May Raise Heart Failure Risk

Chemicals from disposable plastic containers may leach into your takeout food, potentially raising the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Chinese researchers conducted experiments on rats and found that consuming water contaminated with plastic additives from heated packaging triggered bodily changes, starting with disruptions in gut bacteria.

Heart Tissue Damage Observed in Exposed Rodents After Three Months

After just three months, the exposed rodents exhibited heart tissue damage, including misaligned or broken fibers, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitochondrial swelling. They also showed signs of internal bleeding between myocardial cells, indicated by black pentagrams in the image below.

It’s unclear whether the same effects occur in humans, but the findings suggest heated plastic containers may not be a safe option for food. Page. 3

▶ Image credits: Pixabay Scientists Advise Against Using Plastic Containers for Hot Food Pending Further Research

Until more research is available, scientists at Ningxia Medical University in China advise against using plastic containers for high-temperature food. Their study was inspired by a survey of 3,179 older adults in China, which found that those with higher reported plastic exposure were more likely to experience congestive heart failure.

Recent research has also detected microplastics in blood clots within the brain, heart, and legs, prompting epidemiologist Yueping Wu and colleagues to further explore potential cardiovascular effects.

For three months, they exposed 24 rats to chemicals leached from plastic containers when heated with boiling tap water. These leachates, which included BPA, phthalates, and plasticizers, were extracted by plac-

ing plastic containers in hot water for 1, 5, and 15 minutes.

The exposed rodents showed significant changes in their gut microbiomes compared to the eight control rats, with shifts in intestinal flora linked to inflammation.

Increased Inflammatory Markers in Blood Raise Cardiovascular Concerns

The exposed animals also exhibited elevated levels of inflammatory immune markers in their blood, which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

According to the researchers, “These changes may be associated with plastic product leachates disrupting microbiota and inflammatory factors, ultimately leading to inflammation and myocardial damage.”

Heat accelerates plastic degradation, but even bottled water—typically stored at room temperature or colder—contains microplastics.

Recent studies reveal that microwaving plastic food containers—even those labeled microwave-safe—can release microplastics and nanoplastics into food. In just three minutes, billions of these tiny particles may be released.

The extent to which ingested plastic particles are absorbed by the body remains unclear, as does how long they persist.

Plastic Fragments Found in Arteries Linked to Higher Risk of Heart Attack and Stroke

However, studies on clogged arteries have detected plastic fragments in over 50% of plaques. Within about 34 months of surgery, patients with plastic in their arteries were 4.5 times more likely to experience a heart attack, stroke, or death than those without detectable plastic.

Researchers suspect that plastic contaminants may reduce antioxidant enzyme activity and trigger inflammation, increasing the risk of cardiovascular damage.

The health risks of plastic pollution are only starting to come to light, and the growing evidence is far from reassuring.

A study published last year found that using hot, disposable plastic cutlery can reduce the diversity of gut microbiota.

So, the next time you get takeaway, consider both the temperature of your food and the type of packaging it comes in.

The Unspoken Downsides of Meditation and Mindfulness

Because mindfulness can be practiced at home for free, it is often seen as an ideal remedy for stress and mental health challenges.

Rooted in Buddhist traditions, mindfulness meditation involves focusing on present-moment awareness of sensations, thoughts, and emotions.

Ancient Texts Acknowledge Meditation’s Potential Downsides

The earliest recorded evidence of meditation’s potential downsides dates back over 1,500 years to India. The Dharmatrāta Meditation Scripture, written by a Buddhist community, describes various meditation practices and mentions symptoms of depression and anxiety that can arise afterward.

It also details cognitive disturbances linked to psychosis, dissociation, and depersonalization—a state where individuals feel detached from reality.

In the past eight years, scientific interest in this topic has grown, revealing that negative effects are not uncommon.

A 2022 study of 953 regular meditators in the U.S. found that over 10% experienced adverse effects that significantly disrupted their daily lives for at least a month.

A 2020 review of more than 40 years of research identified anxiety and depression as the most frequent negative effects, followed by psychotic or delusional episodes, dissociation or depersonalization, and intense fear or terror.

Studies have shown that negative effects from meditation can occur even in individuals with no prior mental health issues. These effects can arise after moderate exposure and may lead to persistent symptoms.

The Western world has been aware of these risks for decades.

Early Warnings from Cognitive-Behavioral Science

In 1976, cognitive-behavioral scientist Arnold Lazarus warned that indiscriminate use of meditation could trigger

“serious psychiatric problems such as depression, agitation, and even schizophrenic decompensation.”

While mindfulness has documented benefits, many coaches, apps, books, and online resources fail to mention its potential risks.

Professor of management and Buddhist teacher Ronald Purser argued in his 2023 book McMindfulness that mindfulness has been commercialized into a form of “capitalist spirituality.”

In the U.S., the meditation industry is valued at $2.2 billion (£1.7 billion). Leaders in the mindfulness market should be well aware of its potential drawbacks.

Jon Kabat-Zinn, a leading figure in the mindfulness movement, acknowledged in a 2017 Guardian interview that “90 percent of the research [on its benefits] is subpar.”

A Grand Vision for Mindfulness

In the foreword to the

2015 UK Mindfulness All-Party Parliamentary Report, he suggested that mindfulness meditation could ultimately reshape individuals, communities, societies, and even humanity as a whole. This almost religious conviction in mindfulness’ transformative power is common among its advocates. Many atheists and agnostics who practice it also believe it can foster greater peace and compassion globally.

Despite this enthusiasm, media coverage of mindfulness has been somewhat one-sided.

In 2015, my book with clinical psychologist Catherine Wikholm, The Buddha Pill, included a chapter summarizing research on meditation’s negative effects. This received significant media attention, including a New Scientist article and a BBC Radio 4 documentary.

Yet in 2022, the most expensive meditation study ever conducted— an $8 million project funded by the Wellcome Trust—received surprisingly little media coverage.

Between 2016 and 2018, researchers studied over 8,000 children aged 11 to 14 across 84 UK schools. The findings revealed that mindfulness did not enhance mental well-being compared to a control group and may have even negatively impacted children already at risk for mental health

issues.

Ethical Concerns in Mindfulness Promotion

Is it ethical to promote mindfulness apps, offer meditation classes, or incorporate mindfulness into clinical practice without disclosing potential adverse effects? Considering the growing evidence of their frequency and diversity, the answer should be no.

Many meditation and mindfulness instructors believe these practices are entirely beneficial and are unaware of potential adverse effects.

A common experience among those who suffer negative effects is that their concerns are dismissed. Instructors often advise them to continue meditating, assuming the issues will resolve on their own.

Research on how to practice meditation safely is still in its early stages, leaving little clear guidance. A broader challenge is that meditation involves altered states of consciousness, and psychology lacks comprehensive theories to fully explain these experiences.

However, resources are available. Some websites, created by meditators who have faced serious adverse effects, provide firsthand insights, while academic handbooks now include dedicated sections on the topic.

In the U.S., a clinical service led by a mindfulness

▶ Image credits: Pixabay

researcher specializes in supporting individuals who experience acute or long-term issues from meditation.

Until more is understood, meditation should not be promoted as a universal wellness tool without acknowledging its potential risks.

Microsoft Introduces its First Quantum Chip Utilizing Topological Qubits

Microsoft claims a significant advancement in quantum computing with the Majorana 1, its first quantum chip and the first to utilize topological qubits.

The compact processor features eight qubits at its core, constructed from a novel material class known as ‘topoconductors.’ Each qubit measures roughly 1/100th of a millimeter, making them exceptionally small. They are also fast and digitally controllable, allowing for more efficient management compared to other quantum computers.

Microsoft is also optimistic about the potential to scale this processor up to a million qubits. Reaching that threshold could enable quantum computers to function reliably, with sufficient error correction, to solve problems beyond the reach of classical computers.

Potential Applications of Quantum Computing

▶ Image credits: Microsoft

This could include simulating complex molecules for drug discovery, optimizing chemical reactions to improve fertilizer production—which currently contributes 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions—designing advanced materials for better batteries or solar panels, and conducting intricate financial modeling to address macroeconomic challenges.

For now, the processor is not commercially available and will primarily be used for evaluation, simulations, and advancing future chip development.

However,one of the most fascinating aspects of Microsoft’s announcement is the journey that led to this breakthrough. The company describes it as one of its longest-running research efforts—17 years in development, built on an even longer history of theoretical physics that has now been realized.

Potential Applications of Quantum Computing

The foundation for this

work dates back to 1937 when Italian physicist Ettore Majorana theorized the existence of a subatomic particle, the Majorana fermion. This particle possesses a unique quantum mechanical state that makes it resistant to local disturbances, making it an ideal candidate for stable qubits with fewer errors.

Microsoft claims to have successfully observed these particles last year and has now integrated them into its chip development. Specifically, it utilizes Majorana Zero Modes (MZMs), quasiparticles found at the ends of topological superconducting nanowires made from ‘topoconductors,’ to construct the qubits powering this processor.

A New State of Matter

These “topoconductors” represent an entirely new state of matter, distinct from solids, liquids, and gases. They are created by combining indium arsenide (a semiconductor) with aluminum (a superconductor), then cooling the material to

near absolute zero and applying magnetic fields to induce a state known as topological superconductivity.

In fact, In this state, the materials form topological superconducting nanowires, with Majorana Zero Modes (MZMs) appearing at the ends of the wires. These MZMs store quantum information and share an unpaired electron, making them resistant to external disturbances. This unique property helps protect quantum data, enabling a more stable and reliable quantum computing system.

Microsoft, like other companies in the quantum computing race— such as Google—is now aiming to scale up. The goal is to integrate a million qubits into a single processor, a milestone that could bring practical quantum computing much sooner than previously expected.

Elon Musk’s xAI Unveils its Newest Flagship Model, Grok 3

Elon Musk’s AI company, xAI, unveiled its latest flagship model, Grok 3, late Monday, along with new features for the Grok iOS and web apps.

Designed to compete with models like OpenAI’s GPT-4o and Google’s Gemini, Grok can analyze images, answer questions, and power various features on Musk’s social network,

X. Grok 3 had been in development for several months and was initially expected to launch in 2024 but missed that target.

beta—the rollout began on Monday.

Grok 3’s Performance Surpasses Competitors in

Key Benchmarks

▶ Image Credits: xAI

This release marks an ambitious step for xAI. The company has been training Grok 3 using a massive data center in Memphis equipped with approximately 200,000 GPUs. In a post on X, Musk stated that Grok 3 was developed with roughly ten times the computing power of its predecessor, Grok 2, and trained on an expanded dataset that includes court filings and more.

“Grok 3 is significantly more capable than Grok 2,” Musk stated during a livestreamed presentation on Monday. He described it as a “maximally truth-seeking AI,” even if its conclusions sometimes challenge political correctness.

The Grok 3 model family includes a smaller variant, Grok 3 Mini, which provides faster responses at the expense of some accuracy. While not all Grok 3 models and features are fully available—some remain in

According to xAI, Grok 3 outperforms GPT-4o on benchmarks such as AIME, which measures math problem-solving abilities, and GPQA, which tests PhD-level knowledge in physics, biology, and chemistry. An early version of Grok 3 also performed well in Chatbot Arena, a crowdsourced competition where users compare AI models and vote on the best responses.

Grok 3’s Reasoning Models Aim for Greater Accuracy

Two models in the Grok 3 family, Grok 3 Reasoning and Grok 3 Mini Reasoning, are designed to methodically process problems, similar to reasoning-focused models like OpenAI’s o3-mini and DeepSeek’s R1. These models attempt to verify their own outputs before responding, reducing common errors that often affect AI systems. According to xAI, Grok 3 Reasoning outperforms OpenAI’s top o3-mini

variant, o3-mini-high, on multiple industry benchmarks, including the recently introduced AIME 2025 mathematics test. These reasoning models are accessible through the Grok app, where users can prompt Grok 3 to “Think” or activate “Big Brain” mode for complex queries, which utilizes additional computing power. xAI highlights these models as particularly effective for mathematics, science, and programming tasks.

Musk noted that some of the reasoning models’ internal processes are hidden within the Grok app to prevent distillation—a technique AI developers use to extract knowledge from rival models. This follows recent accusations that DeepSeek leveraged distillation to replicate OpenAI’s models.

Grok’s reasoning models also support a new feature called DeepSearch, xAI’s answer to AI-powered research tools like OpenAI’s deep research. DeepSearch scans the web and X, summarizing information into a concise abstract.

Grok 3 Access and SuperGrok Subscription Details

Access to Grok 3 will initially be available to X’s Premium+ subscribers ($50 per month), while additional features will be part of a new plan dubbed SuperGrok. If leaked pricing holds true, SuperGrok will cost $30 per month or $300 per year, granting users expanded reasoning capabilities, more DeepSearch queries, and unlimited

image generation.

Musk announced that Grok will soon gain a “voice mode,” arriving as early as next week, with Grok 3 models and DeepSearch launching via xAI’s enterprise API soon after.

xAI also plans to opensource Grok 2 once Grok 3 is stable.

Initially pitched as an unfiltered, politically independent AI, early Grok models engaged with controversial topics but hesitated on political discussions. A study suggested they leaned left on issues like transgender rights and diversity. Musk attributed this to training data and vowed to make Grok more neutral—whether xAI has achieved this remains to be seen.

Study Finds That Common Mushroom Fiber Could Help Protect Against the Flu

Mushrooms may be more powerful than they appear. Past research has linked them to reduced depression risk, enhanced brain cell growth, and even cancer protection. Now, a new study suggests they might also help defend against influenza.

A research team from McGill University in Canada discovered that beta-glucan fibers, found in all mushrooms, might help shield against the flu by reducing lung inflammation in infected mice.

Beta-Glucan Improves

Lung Function and Reduces Flu Severity in Mice

Additionally, mice that received beta-glucan showed better lung function and a reduced risk of severe illness or death after flu exposure. While human trials are needed for confirmation, these findings present an exciting path for further research.

“Beta-glucan is a component of the cell walls in all fungi, including those that naturally exist in and on the human body as part of the microbiome,” explains Maziar Divangahi, an immunologist at McGill University. He adds, “It’s intriguing to consider that an individual’s fungal composition and levels might impact their immune response to infections, partly due to the effects of beta-glucan.”

its role in disease tolerance—reducing the body’s response to viral infection rather than directly eliminating pathogens, as traditional antiviral treatments do.

What sets beta-glucan apart is its ability to reprogram immune cells for better flu resistance. Mice treated with beta-glucan had more neutrophils, a type of immune cell, but these cells exhibited more controlled behavior than usual.

This reprogramming proved crucial, as it prevented neutrophils from overreacting and causing excessive lung inflammation—a common complication of severe flu infections, including pneumonia.

“Neutrophils are typically associated with inflammation, but beta-glucan has the ability to shift

by Modulating Immune Response

Beta-glucan is already recognized for its immune-boosting properties, but in this study, researchers focused on

their role toward reducing it,” explains immunologist Kim Tran from McGill University.

Beta-Glucan’s Lasting Impact: Potential for Long-Term Immune Protection

Additionally, the enhanced neutrophils

persisted for up to a month, suggesting that beta-glucan-based treatments could provide long-term protection. However, researchers are still in the early stages of exploring its full potential.

While the life-saving benefits of disease tolerance are well understood, many aspects of its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study provides valuable insights and could potentially be applied to other respiratory diseases in future research.

“It’s remarkable how beta-glucan can reprogram specific immune cells, like neutrophils, to regulate excessive lung inflammation,” says immunologist Nargis Khan, now at the University of Calgary in Canada.

Rethinking Conventional Wisdom: Could Overactive Neurons Accelerate Aging?

cognitive decline is more closely linked to excessive neuronal activation over time rather than a simple reduction in activity. Their study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggests that interventions—such as dietary changes—could help slow cognitive aging by limiting this hyperactivity.

A healthy brain depends on well-connected neurons that communicate efficiently. Traditionally, scientists believed that cognitive decline stemmed from a gradual decrease in neuronal activity. However, this study challenges that assumption, emphasizing overactivation as a key contributor to neurological aging.

In humans, certain neurons have been observed to become hyperactive with age. To explore the link between this phenomenon and cognitive decline, Associate Professor Kentaro Noma and his team conducted experiments on nema-

todes, a type of microscopic worm.

Using Nematodes to Investigate Aging

▶ Image credits: Pixabay Beta-Glucan Enhances Disease Tolerance

▶ Image credits: Pixabay Researchers at Nagoya University in Japan have found that age-related

“We used Caenorhabditis elegans, a one-millimeter-long nematode with a two-week lifespan,” Noma explained. “These worms exhibit various behaviors controlled by their 302 neurons. Since C. elegans shares many genetic and neurological mechanisms with humans, we hypothesized that its cognitive aging process could provide insights into human brain function.”

The researchers focused on C. elegans’ ability to learn through association, a behavior called thermotaxis. When raised in a food-rich environment at 23°C, the worms would later gravitate toward that temperature. However, when raised without food at 23°C, they avoided it—indicating learned behavior.

“Our earlier research showed that C. elegans’ ability to learn declines with age, leading us to believe that neuronal activity weakens over time,” said Binta Maria Aleogho, the study’s first author. “However, our latest findings reveal that the activity of key learning-related neurons, AFD sensory neurons and AIY interneurons, remains largely unchanged with age.”

Neuronal Hyperactivity and Aging

To further investigate, the researchers selectively removed six types of neurons involved in associative learning. Unexpectedly, when they removed either AWC sensory neurons or AIA interneurons, aged nematodes regained their ability to perform

thermotaxis.

Further analysis revealed that AWC and AIA neurons become excessively active with age. “This hyperactivation disrupts normal neuronal networks, preventing proper thermotaxis behavior,” Noma explained.

Importantly, the team discovered that modifying the worms’ diet reduced neuronal hyperactivity and preserved cognitive function. “If dietary changes can mitigate age-related neuronal overactivation in C. elegans, similar strategies might help slow brain aging in humans,” Noma suggested.

“Our research shifts the focus from declining neuronal activity to the damaging effects of excessive activation,” Noma concluded. “We will continue studying C. elegans to uncover ways to counteract neuronal hyperactivity and improve brain function. Understanding these mechanisms could provide valuable insights into human cognitive aging.”

Helix: The Fully Autonomous, Hive-Minded

VLA Humanoid Robot

Just weeks after Figure. ai ended its collaboration with OpenAI, the Silicon Valley startup introduced Helix—a commercial-ready, AI-powered “hive-mind” humanoid robot capable of performing nearly any task on command.

A New AI Brain for Fig-

ure 02

Figure gained attention with its humanoid robot, Figure 01. Now, Figure 02 features more than just upgrades—it has a new AI brain, Helix VLA. As the first generalist Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model in a humanoid robot, Helix perceives, understands language, interacts physically, and learns continuously.

high-level planning at 7-9 Hz while System 1 executes actions at 200 Hz, enabling seamless teamwork and real-time responses.

A Breakthrough in Autonomous Robotics

Figure and OpenAI had been working together for about a year before Figure.ai founder Brett Adcock announced the company’s decision to

In a demo, Helix-powered Figure 02 robots put away unfamiliar groceries by simply responding to, “Can you put these away?” Unlike most AI models requiring extensive training, Helix integrates semantic knowledge with its vision-language model (VLM) to interpret commands and act instantly.

For example, if asked to pick up a cassette tape, Helix combines general knowledge from LLMs like ChatGPT with its VLM to identify and retrieve it—though its taste in music remains a mystery.

Helix can also control two robots simultaneously. With dual GPUs, System 2 handles

go solo. In a post on X, he hinted at a major advancement: “Figure made a breakthrough on fully end-to-end robot AI, built entirely in-house. We’re excited to show you something no one has ever seen on a humanoid.” Just 16 days later, Helix was unveiled—an achievement that feels less like incremental progress and more like a giant leap.

Figure 01 robots have already performed repetitive tasks at BMW’s Spartanburg, SC, factory. But Figure 02 represents a new era of capability. These humanoids are not just factory-ready— they’re commercially viable right out of the box, with batteries included.

The Hive Mind Advantage

▶ Image credits: Figure.ai

Unlike previous models, Helix doesn’t require individual training for each robot. Instead, all Figure 02 units share a single set of neural network weights. When one robot learns a task, the entire network learns it instantly—an approach reminiscent of a hive mind.

This feature makes Figure 02 especially suited for home environments, where unpredictability is the norm. Unlike the structured conditions of a factory, a household presents endless variables: misplaced laundry, scattered toys, cleaning supplies under the sink, and fragile china in a display case. Despite these complexities, Figure 02 can recognize and manipulate almost any small household object, even if it has never seen it before.

In a demo, the robot successfully identified and retrieved a toy cactus from a pile of random objects when given the abstract command, “Pick up the desert item.” This level of contextual understanding sets Helix apart from previous AI-powered robots.

A New Era of Robotics— With Real-World Impli-

cations

The Figure 02 humanoid, powered by Helix, is the closest thing to I, Robot we’ve seen. AI is no longer confined to screens—it now has a physical form, the ability to act autonomously, and the potential to impact the real world in unprecedented ways.

However, these advancements raise critical

concerns. Who controls the vast amount of data these robots collect? Could they be hacked, turning them into tools for espionage or cyberattacks? With a hive-mind system, a single breach could expose personal and corporate secrets on an unimaginable scale.

In essence, Helix represents both an extraordinary technological breakthrough and a profound ethical dilemma. While the future of robotics looks more exciting than ever, one question remains: Are we ready for it?

The World’s First Tri-Fold Smartphone

Debuts Internationally

foldable lineup with a trifold model expected to launch in the third quarter of this year. However, Huawei has taken the lead, beating the mobile giant to market with the Mate XT.

This design provides users with three layout options on the go. Huawei describes the Mate XT’s Multiview in One feature as a breakthrough in smartphone displays, allowing seamless transitions between single, dual, and triple-screen modes.

From Tablet to Smartphone in a Fold

When fully unfolded, the device reveals a 10.2-inch tablet display with a resolution of 2,232 x 3,184 pixels. Folding one hinge back creates a 7.9-inch

▶ Image credits: Huawei

Huawei introduced the world’s first tri-fold smartphone, the Mate XT, in September 2024, though it was initially limited to the Chinese market. Now, the company has announced its global release—though finding one may still be a challenge.

Samsung is also rumored to be expanding its

dual-screen setup at 2,232 x 2,048 pixels, while closing both hinges results in a compact 6.4-inch smartphone with 2,232 x 1,008 pixels. Regardless of configuration, the OLED display supports a 90 Hz adaptive refresh rate and up to 240 Hz touch sampling.

The hinge mechanisms are built with ultra-highstrength steel for durability, while Huawei’s multi-

drive technology ensures smooth folding action.

Versatile Photography and 4K Video

On the back, the raised triple-camera system includes a 50 MP main sensor, a 12 MP ultra-wide lens, and a 12 MP periscope telephoto, all equipped with optical image stabilization.

A 10-size adjustable physical aperture adapts to different lighting conditions, while 5.5x optical zoom and 50x digital zoom help capture distant subjects. The Ultra Speed Snapshot feature enhances clarity when photographing fast-moving objects. Both the rear cameras and the 8 MP front-facing camera support 4K UHD video recording.

Power and Connectivity

The Mate XT runs on Huawei’s proprietary operating system, featuring 16 GB of RAM and 1 TB of internal storage. It supports dual-band Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 5.2, and connects via USB-C, though it lacks both an audio jack and storage expansion. Powering the device is a slim 5,600-mAh battery with 66-W fast charging and 50-W wireless charging capabilities.

The device is encased in an ultra-thin vegan leather exterior, crafted from aerospace-grade fiber for a balance of strength and lightness. It comes in black or red and weighs 10.5 oz (298 g).

Unsurprisingly, entering Huawei’s tri-fold ecosystem comes at a premium—€3,499 (approximately $3,650 USD). However, an official U.S. release remains unlikely.

Climate & Environment

Every tree tells a story

Glaciers Are Melting Fast-

er Than Ever Tree rings serve as historical climate records, revealing environmental changes and precipitation patterns. Diego Pons Ganddini’s research, funded by the National Science Foundation, investigates how these rings help predict rainfall variability in the Neotropics. By analyzing oxygen isotope ratios, scientists can reconstruct past precipitation levels and better understand water sources. The Neotropics is key to global climate due to the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which affects rainfall patterns. Studying tree rings refines climate models, helping policymakers prepare for climate challenges.

Glacier loss is accelerating, with over 6,500 billion tonnes of ice lost since 2000. A study in Nature confirms a long-term shrinking trend, combining field and satellite data for precise estimates. Some regions, like Central Europe, have lost nearly 40% of their glacier ice in two decades.

Continued warming will determine future glacier loss. Meeting climate targets could save a quarter of glacier ice, while unchecked warming may destroy nearly half. Glacier melt threatens freshwater supplies and worsens coastal flooding, making emission reductions essential to limiting damage.

Reducing Investment Risks for Renewable Energy

High capital costs limit solar energy growth in the Global South, with India facing significant risks from market volatility, penalty payments, and commissioning delays. These challenges deter investors and could slow progress toward clean energy goals.

Solutions like Contracts for Difference, pre-built grid connections, and improved solar panel testing could lower risks and costs.

Sea-Level Rise: The Need for Urgent Action

Sea-level rise is inevitable, but its extent depends on emissions. A new study refines projections, estimating a rise between 0.3 and 1.9 meters by 2100. Researchers combine models and expert input to improve accuracy, addressing uncertainties in ice sheet behavior.

Accurate projections are critical for mitigating flood risks and adapting infrastructure. Limiting warming below 2°C, as per the Paris Agreement, drastically reduces extreme sea-level rise risks. The study emphasizes that curbing emissions is the best strategy for long-term coastal resilience.

Image Credits: Pexels from Pixabay

Image Credits: ��Christel�� from Pixabay

Image Credits: Bruno from Pixabay

Image Credits: Benjamin P. Horton and Benjamin S. Grandey

Artificial Intelligence

Grok 3: xAI’s Bold Move in the AI Race

xAI’s Grok 3 is making headlines with claims of superior reasoning and search capabilities. Powered by the Colossus supercomputer, it has outperformed leading AI models in math and coding while introducing “DeepSearch” for smarter results.

Now available on X for paying users, Grok 3’s long-term influence remains uncertain. With xAI eyeing a $10 billion investment and a $5 billion Dell deal, its place in the AI race is shaping up to be a major development.

DeepSeek-R1: China’s AI Breakthrough

DeepSeek-R1 marks China’s first major AI breakthrough, rivaling US models. While praised for its openness, it does not fully meet open-source standards, sparking debates on AI transparency. The case highlights broader tensions between corporate AI control and free software ideals.

Despite some leftist narratives, DeepSeek is a for-profit venture backed by billionaire Liang Wenfeng. Like American startups, it seeks dominance through talent and innovation. Its emergence signals a shift in AI power dynamics, but whether it truly benefits society or reinforces existing inequalities remains uncertain.

DeepSeek: The AI Tool Reshaping Student Learning

DeepSeek, a rising AI rival to ChatGPT, is transforming student life with affordable, efficient tools for research, writing, and data analysis. It quickly summarizes scholarly papers, creates study guides, and provides grammar and citation checks.

Ideal for coding and math, DeepSeek also translates languages and interprets data, making complex subjects easier to understand. As AI becomes essential in education, DeepSeek is emerging as a must-have tool for college students.

The Impact of AI on Critical Thinking

AI enhances efficiency but poses risks to critical thinking. A study found that 62% of professionals think less critically when using AI, while over-reliance on AI-generated content can lead to “mechanized convergence,” standardizing ideas and limiting innovation. This shift highlights the need for users to remain actively engaged.

To prevent dependency, AI should be used as a tool for reflection rather than a source of definitive answers. By maintaining a critical approach, verifying information, and questioning AI outputs, individuals can harness AI’s benefits while preserving independent thinking and creativity.

Image Credits: NurPhoto_Getty Images via popularmechanics.com

Image Credits: (Andrey Rudakov_Bloomberg via Getty Images) via NPR

Image Credits: Kohji Asakawa from Pixabay

Image Credits: Orna from Pixabay

Tyla Becomes First African Solo Artist to Reach 1 Billion Spotify

Streams

Tyla has become the first African solo artist to surpass one billion Spotify streams with her hit “Water.” The song, released in 2023, topped multiple charts, won a Grammy, and secured awards at the Billboard and MTV Video Music Awards.

She joins an exclusive group of African artists who have reached this milestone, including Wizkid, Tems, and Rema. Tyla’s success highlights Afrobeats’ growing global impact, proving that African music continues to break records and inspire new audiences worldwide.

2025’s Most Anticipated Movie Releases

2025’s movie lineup features thrillers, sci-fi adventures, and beloved franchises. Highlights include Companion, Paddington in Peru, and Mickey 17, offering suspense, heartwarming moments, and mind-bending twists.

Later in the year, Elio, 28 Years Later, and Opus promise gripping storytelling, while Superman and Freakier Friday reboot fan-favorite classics. From indie horror to epic blockbusters, 2025 has something for everyone.

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The Most Overrated Games of the Decade (So Far)

While the past five years have given gamers exceptional titles, some have been overrated. Resident Evil Village, for instance, builds on its predecessor’s success but fails to match its intensity, challenge, and storytelling quality.

This list examines other games that, while great, are not as revolutionary as many believe. Each deserves recognition, but perhaps not the level of praise they have received.

The Wild Robot and Climate Change in Film

Image Credits: DreamWorks

The Wild Robot is the only 2024 Oscar-nominated film directly addressing climate change, highlighting rising sea levels and extreme weather.

Good Energy’s test evaluated 10 nominees, recognizing Flow and Dune: Part Two for engaging with the issue. The organization continues to push Hollywood to include climate narratives in cinema.

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DID YOU KNOW?

Auto-Brewery Syndrome (ABS), also known as gut fermentation syndrome, is a rare medical condition in which the body produces alcohol internally. This happens when gut microbes (like certain yeast species, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Candida) ferment carbohydrates in the digestive system, producing ethanol.

Scientists Evaluated AI for Detecting Cognitive Decline. The Findings Were Surprising

▶ Image credits: Pixabay

It’s been just under two years since OpenAI introduced ChatGPT to the public, allowing anyone online to collaborate with an AI on tasks ranging from poetry and schoolwork to drafting letters for their landlord.

Today, ChatGPT is just one of several advanced large language models (LLMs) capable of responding to basic queries in a way that feels remarkably human.

However, researchers in Israel have discovered that this human-like quality may go further than intended—finding that LLMs experience a form of cognitive decline that worsens over time, much like the aging human brain.

The team tested publicly available chatbots, including ChatGPT versions 4 and 4o, two iterations of Alphabet’s Gemini, and version 3.5 of Anthropic’s Claude, using a series of cognitive assessments.

If these models were truly intelligent, the results

would be alarming.

Researchers Identify Cognitive Decline in AI Models, Drawing Paral-

lels to Human Neurodegeneration

In their published study, neurologists Roy Dayan and Benjamin Uliel from Hadassah Medical Center, along with data scientist Gal Koplewitz from Tel Aviv University, describe a level of cognitive deterioration comparable to neurodegenerative processes in the human brain.

Despite their conversational fluency, LLMs function more like predictive text systems than biological brains that actively generate knowledge. While their statistical approach enables rapid and personable responses, it also makes them highly susceptible to misinformation—struggling to distinguish fact from fiction.

To be fair, human cognition isn’t flawless either. But as AI takes on increasingly critical roles, from medical guidance to legal advice, expectations have risen that each

new generation of LLMs will become better at reasoning about the information they generate.

To evaluate the gap between current AI capabilities and human cognition, the researchers subjected these models to a battery of tests, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)—a tool commonly used by neurologists to assess memory, spatial awareness, and executive function.

AI Cognitive Assessment Reveals Varying Levels of Impairment Across Models

ChatGPT 4o achieved the highest score on the assessment, earning 26 out of 30 points, which falls within the range of mild cognitive impairment. ChatGPT 4 and Claude followed closely with 25 points, while Gemini lagged significantly behind with just 16 points—a score that, in humans, would indicate severe impairment.

A closer look at the results reveals that all models struggled with visuospatial and executive function tasks.

Tasks such as trail-making, replicating a simple cube design, and drawing a clock proved especially challenging for the LLMs, with most either failing outright or requiring detailed instructions to complete them.

AI Models Display Dementia-Like Responses in Spatial Awareness Tests

Some responses regarding spatial awareness resembled those given by dementia patients.

For example, Claude answered, “the specific place and city would depend on where you, the user, are located at the moment.”

Similarly, all models displayed a lack of empathy in a section of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, a trait often linked to frontotemporal dementia.

As expected, older LLM versions performed worse than newer ones, suggesting that each generation improves upon the cognitive limitations of its predecessors.

The researchers acknowledge that LLMs are not human brains, making it impossible to diagnose them with dementia. However, their findings challenge the assumption that AI is on the brink of revolutionizing clinical medicine, a field that often depends on interpreting complex visual information.

With AI development progressing rapidly, a future LLM may eventually achieve perfect scores on cognitive assessments. Until then, even the most advanced models should be approached with caution when offering advice.

A Man Destined for Alzheimer’s

Defied It for Decades— Here’s How

In a remarkable case, a man with a high genetic risk for Alzheimer’s defied the odds, avoiding the disease for decades despite carrying a mutation that almost always

triggers early onset. His case, the only known instance involving the PSEN2 mutation, adds to just two other recorded cases of extreme Alzheimer’s resilience—both linked to a different genetic variant.

the International University of Catalonia and Washington University in St. Louis, the man’s cognitive tests remained normal.

A Unique Case: Resistance Without Known Protective Mutations

▶ Image credits: Pixabay Typically, those with the PSEN2 mutation develop Alzheimer’s around age 50. Yet, despite his brain being packed with amyloid-beta plaques—the sticky protein clusters linked to neurodegeneration—this man showed no cognitive decline. Researchers, who have tracked Alzheimer’s in his family since 2011, found that his mother and 11 of her 13 siblings all carried the same mutation and were diagnosed by 50.

Determined to uncover what protected him, scientists studied his case in hopes of identifying broader mechanisms behind the disease. In all forms of Alzheimer’s, amyloid plaques gradually accumulate until they trigger widespread tau protein tangles, neuron death, and cognitive decline. However, over a decade of monitoring, led by researchers from

Unlike previous Alzheimer’s-resistant cases, he lacked protective mutations. Yet, despite heavy amyloid buildup by age 61, his brain showed minimal inflammation, and tau deposits remained confined to the occipital lobe, preserving cognitive function.

Researchers note that limiting tau spread may be key to delaying symptoms, even with high amyloid levels. His resistance likely stems from genetic and environmental factors—he carried nine unique variants affecting brain inflammation and protein folding. Years of extreme heat exposure as a navy ship mechanic may have also activated protective cellular responses.

Studying how his brain contained tau spread could reveal new Alzheimer’s treatments.

Perplexity Hints at the Launch of a New Web

Browser, Comet

▶ Image credits: David Paul Morris_Bloomberg _ Getty Images

AI-driven search engine Perplexity has announced plans to develop its own web browser.

On Monday, the company shared a signup list for the upcoming browser in a post on X, though it has yet to be released. Details on its launch timeline and design remain unknown, but its name has been revealed: Comet.

“Just as Perplexity transformed search, we’re now reimagining the browser,” a company spokesperson told TechCrunch via email. “Stay tuned for more updates.”

Entering a Competitive Landscape, Perplexity’s Browser Faces AI-Powered Rivals

Perplexity’s browser is entering an already saturated market. Beyond dominant players like Chrome, numerous third-party browsers exist, many of which, such as the upcoming Dia browser from The Browser Company, feature AI-driven capabilities similar to Perplexity’s.

The company may be

counting on its existing search engine user base to accelerate Comet’s adoption and carve out a niche in the competitive space.

Perplexity has been rapidly expanding its product lineup. This month, it introduced a “deep research” tool to compete with offerings from OpenAI, Google, and xAI. That launch followed two major releases in January: an AI-powered assistant for Android and an AI search API.

Backed by $500M in Funding, Perplexity Expands with 100M Weekly Queries

Founded in 2022, Perplexity has reportedly secured over $500 million in venture capital funding and is valued at approximately $9 billion. The AI-powered search engine now handles over 100 million queries per week as it ramps up monetization efforts, including its advertising program.

However, Perplexity faces legal challenges from publishers. News Corp’s Dow Jones and the NY Post have sued the company, accusing it of running a “content kleptocracy.” Other news organizations have raised similar concerns, with The New York Times issuing a cease-and-desist letter in October.

Perplexity, which offers a revenue-sharing model for publishers, maintains that it respects content ownership rights. Page. 20

Cars & Gadgets

Top 10 Most Expensive iPhones

Luxury iPhones, adorned with gold and diamonds, fetch millions due to their exclusivity. Apple’s continuous innovation, premium materials, and marketing keep iPhone prices high.

The Falcon Supernova iPhone 6 Pink Diamond tops the list at USD 48.5 million, with other models like the iPhone 5 Black Diamond and iPhone 4S Elite Gold commanding staggering prices.

Canceled Cars That Never Made It to Production

Some performance cars never make it past development, often falling victim to changing strategies or unforeseen issues. The Infiniti Q50 Eau Rouge, with its GT-R engine and Sebastian Vettel’s input, was poised to shake up the luxury market but was scrapped in 2015.

Toyota’s GR Super Sport, inspired by its Le Mans-winning TS050, also showed promise. After unveiling a concept and testing a prototype, Toyota quietly abandoned the project by 2021, reportedly due to a prototype fire. These cancellations highlight the challenges of bringing ambitious cars to life.

Top 10 Tiny Gadgets You Need

Tiny gadgets are reshaping daily life, with devices like the Samsung Galaxy Stick, Planck SSD, and OrigamiSwift Mouse enhancing portability and productivity. These tools combine sleek designs with essential functions, offering convenience without compromise.

From the HubKey’s multi-port efficiency to Glamos’ touchless controls, these innovations simplify tasks while maximizing space. Whether for work or leisure, each gadget showcases how small technology can make a big impact.

Lexus Sports Car Evolution

Lexus transitioned from luxury sedans to sports cars, starting with the SC 400 and SC 300, which shared a platform with the Toyota Supra. The SC 430 followed with a retractable hardtop and V8 power.

The RC F and LC 500 pushed performance further, but the LFA remains Lexus’ greatest achievement, boasting a Yamaha-tuned V10 and Nürburgring pedigree.

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Teen Math Prodigy Breaks Six World Records

Aaryan Shukla, 14, set six mental math world records, including the fastest time to add 100 four-digit numbers in 30.9 seconds. His achievements, recorded at a Guinness event in Dubai, highlight his extraordinary calculation speed.

Shukla credits yoga and daily practice for his skills. His father describes him as a “one in a billion” talent. Other young mathematicians, like Ne’Kiya Jackson and Calcea Johnson, have also made breakthroughs, discovering new proofs for the Pythagorean theorem.

Math Anxiety and Its Impact on Student Performance

Math-related jobs are growing, but many K-12 students struggle with proficiency. Math anxiety, a key factor, affects 20% to 30% of students, leading to avoidance and poor outcomes. Research shows that negative attitudes, even from teachers, can influence students’ math confidence.

Experts recommend reducing pressure, promoting fluency, and emphasizing concepts. Treating math as a game and reframing anxiety as excitement can boost confidence.

Understanding Cosine Similarity in Information Retrieval

Cosine similarity measures the angle between document vectors to determine thematic alignment. Unlike simple keyword matching, it normalizes word distribution, making it effective for search engines and recommendation systems. Applied with TF-IDF, it highlights key terms, improving relevance.

Despite challenges with high-dimensional data, cosine similarity remains crucial in modern AI applications. As neural models evolve, hybrid methods combining traditional and deep learning techniques promise better, more interpretable search results, enhancing digital tools’ ability to understand content relationships

Engineering Student Refines Century-Old Wind Turbine Math Problem

Divya Tyagi, a Penn State aerospace engineering student, refined Hermann Glauert’s aerodynamic problem, improving wind turbine efficiency. Her work, using calculus of variations, accounts for forces Glauert overlooked, such as thrust and blade bending. Her research, which earned the Anthony E. Wolk Award, contributes to optimizing wind energy output. Now pursuing her master’s, she studies airflow interactions between helicopters and ships, aiming to improve flight simulation and safety.

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Quantum Realm

Mapping the Forces Inside a Proton

Researchers used lattice quantum chromodynamics to map proton forces, revealing immense interactions within its quarks. Their findings, published in Physical Review Letters, provide unprecedented insight into subatomic dynamics and high-energy collisions like those at the Large Hadron Collider.

This research connects theory to practice, refining proton therapy for cancer and revealing proton forces, driving innovations in physics and medicine.

Physics and the Illusion of Time’s Direction

New research shows that physics does not distinguish between past and future, as fundamental equations allow for time reversal. A team from the University of Surrey found that time’s asymmetry is not inherent in physics, meaning events could theoretically unfold backward.

The study suggests history may exist due to the universe’s expansion since the Big Bang. One theory even proposes that two parallel universes formed, each moving in opposite time directions. While time reversal remains theoretical, these findings challenge our perception of time’s flow.

Physicists have found a way to create heavy-fermion materials without rare-earth or actinide elements. Luca de’ Medici’s team at LPEM achieved this by modifying Hund metals, replacing atoms to induce strong electron interactions that mimic traditional heavy-fermion behavior.

The Future of Quantum Computing Creating Heavy-Fermion Materials Without Rare Elements

IBM envisions useful quantum computers by 2029, focusing on problem structuring and error correction, while Google’s Willow chip suggests computation spans multiple universes. D-Wave’s annealing model offers another approach, guiding qubits toward optimization.

A CAS-driven model sees physics, chemistry, and biology as evolving systems, enabling room-temperature superconductors. With applications in simulation, cryptography, and optimization, quantum computing advances, and initiatives like the UN’s 2025 quantum science year highlight its growing impact.

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Biotech & Genetic

Genetic Testing for HighRisk Myeloma Patients

Discovery of a Potential Hepatitis B Treatment

Scientists at MSK, Weill Cornell Medicine, and Rockefeller University identified a vulnerability in the hepatitis B virus (HBV), potentially leading to new treatments. Their research, published in Cell, showed that disrupting HBV’s chromatin formation prevents infection. Using an anticancer drug, CBL137, they blocked viral protein X production at low doses, selectively targeting HBV without harming human cells.

Groundbreaking Gene Therapy Restores Sight in Children

Researchers call for genetic testing to identify high-risk myeloma cases, as 25% of patients have aggressive genetic changes. A study involving nearly 14,000 patients found that those with “double hit” myeloma were twice as likely to relapse early and nearly three times more likely to die.

The OPTIMUM MUK 9 trial showed that personalized treatment significantly improved survival for high-risk patients. While results have shaped diagnostic guidelines, the NHS has yet to adopt them. Experts stress that genetic testing is essential to tailoring treatments and improving outcomes for myeloma patients.

HBV causes over 1 million deaths annually and lacks a definitive cure. Current treatments suppress but do not clear infections. The discovery of CBL137’s efficacy offers hope for a new therapeutic approach. Researchers plan to test the drug in animal models before progressing to clinical trials.

Four children with a rare genetic disorder affecting the AIPL1 gene have regained vision after receiving gene therapy at Moorfields Eye Hospital. Scientists injected healthy genes into the retina, enabling cells to function properly. Over several years, all treated eyes showed significant improvement. The study, published in The Lancet, demonstrates gene therapy’s potential to transform treatment for genetic blindness. Experts call it a breakthrough, and families report life-changing benefits. Researchers now seek to make the therapy widely available, offering hope to those with severe vision impairments.

First Successful In-Utero Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

A girl treated in the womb for spinal muscular atrophy shows no symptoms at two and a half years old. Her mother took Roche’s risdiplam during pregnancy, marking the first successful in-utero treatment for this genetic condition. The study was published in The New England Journal of Medicine.

Previously, SMA treatment was only given after birth, often too late to prevent symptoms. This case suggests that early intervention may significantly improve outcomes. Researchers are now considering broader trials to determine if prenatal treatment could become a standard option for severe genetic conditions.

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EB corbos Linux for Safety Applications

EB corbos Linux for Safety Applications is the world’s first opensource-based automotive operating system (OS) solution for safety-relevant applications to receive a positive assessment for certification by the global organization, TÜV Nord. Long the norm in other industries, the impact of free, open-source software in automotive has been limited by the industry’s strict safety requirements. This innovative solution allows carmakers to use Linux for applications such as ADAS and autonomous driving. It paves the way for the development of safer and more reliable vehicles, accelerating the transition towards the software-defined vehicle (SDV), also called the smart car of the future.

Wellness

Vitamin A: Essential Functions and Supplementation

Vitamin A supports immunity, vision, skin, reproduction, healing, and brain health. Found in liver, dairy, and carrots, it exists as retinol and beta-carotene. Deficiency harms vision and immunity, while excess is toxic.

Some require supplements, available as retinol, beta-carotene, and cod liver oil. As regulation is limited, certified products and medical advice ensure safe intake.

Yoga’s Impact Beyond Flexibility

Yoga improves brain health, reduces inflammation, enhances digestion, increases pain tolerance, and supports cardiovascular function. It strengthens cognitive function by increasing grey matter volume and reducing stress hormones.

Additionally, yoga lowers inflammation-related disease risks, improves digestion through gutbrain axis regulation, and increases pain tolerance by altering pain perception. It also enhances heart health by reducing blood pressure and improving arterial flexibility, making it a comprehensive wellness tool.

This Week’s Best Health and Wellness Tips

Social connections are key to longevity, so take small steps to engage with others. Moving more, even by wiggling your toes, improves circulation, while afternoon workouts boost insulin sensitivity. A well-timed 26-minute nap enhances alertness without grogginess.

Laughter as a Powerful Health Tool

Laughter improves mental and physical health by releasing endorphins, reducing stress hormones, and enhancing cognitive function. It strengthens memory and problem-solving skills while helping the body relax and adapt to stress.

Additionally, laughter increases pain tolerance, strengthens social bonds, and supports heart health by improving circulation. Regular laughter can lower the risk of heart disease, making it an effective and enjoyable way to boost overall well-being.

Smart nutrition choices, like tofu for protein, and mindful habits, such as structured exercise groups or color walks, improve health. Be cautious with trends— consuming olive oil is best with food, and supplements can pose risks. Switching phone settings to limit internet use can also enhance mental well-being.

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NJINGA-1 CubeSat

Nginga-1 is a CubeSat designed to demonstrate cutting-edge small satellite technology. Compact and efficient, it embodies the innovation of CubeSats, providing a low-cost platform for advanced missions. Nginga-1 is equipped to perform [specific mission, e.g., Earth observation, communication, or scientific research], leveraging miniaturized components to deliver impactful results in space.

By joining the CubeSat revolution, Nginga-1 showcases the potential of small satellites to contribute to space exploration and research, democratizing access to space for more players.”

Nutrition

Surprising Heart-Healthy Foods

Once-maligned foods like eggs, full-fat dairy, shellfish, coffee, potatoes, and dark chocolate can offer heart benefits when eaten in moderation. They provide key nutrients, antioxidants, and healthy fats that support circulation, cholesterol regulation, and overall cardiovascular health.

In addition to diet, fiber intake, omega-3 consumption, and regular exercise are crucial for heart wellness. A balanced approach, rather than food avoidance, is the key to long-term cardiovascular health.

The Carnivore Diet and Kidney Stone Risk

A case study highlighted how a carnivore diet increased kidney stone risk by elevating calcium, uric acid, and oxalate levels while reducing protective citrate. Despite initial improvements, the patient’s long-term metabolic imbalances worsened, reinforcing the dangers of extreme diets.

Experts stress evidence-based nutrition, recommending reduced sodium and red meat intake while increasing fruits, vegetables, and dairy to prevent kidney stones. Clinicians should educate patients on balanced diets, countering social media trends with scientifically backed guidance.

Maintaining Muscle Strength as You Age

Sarcopenia raises health risks, but diet and exercise slow muscle loss. Protein intake (0.45–0.59g/lb) from animal and plant sources, plus adequate calories and hydration, support muscle function.

Vitamin D, omega-3s, and creatine may help, though research continues. Strength training, paired with protein, is essential for muscle retention and healthy aging.

The Health Benefits of Dates

Dates provide fiber, calcium, and nutrients, making them a healthy snack. Their fiber slows glucose absorption, keeping a low glycemic index. Eating two large or three small dates balances benefits with sugar intake, aiding cholesterol and digestion.

Although research is ongoing, dates can be a healthier alternative to refined sugar and may aid gut health. Alternatives like prunes and fresh fruits offer similar benefits. Moderation ensures that dates remain a valuable addition to a balanced diet.

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Fitness

Staying Strong Over 40

Building muscle after 40 requires smart training and injury prevention. Brandon Horn gained 30 pounds of muscle through the 5/3/1 program, emphasizing compound lifts, progressive overload, and structured training. By limiting accessory exercises and prioritizing recovery, he maintained consistency while avoiding injuries. Horn’s success also comes from gradual weight increases, proper warmups, and focusing on function over aesthetics. His approach proves that gains don’t have to stop with age—training smarter, not harder, is the key to long-term strength and performance.

Centurion Workout: A High-Rep Fitness Challenge

The Centurion workout challenges endurance with 100 reps per exercise, focusing on strength and stamina. Participants can work solo or with a partner, maintaining intensity through minimal rest. Exercises include squats, burpees, push-ups, push presses, and sit-ups. Proper form and strategic pacing help prevent fatigue while maximizing muscle growth. Tracking reps or setting a time cap allows for continued progress.

Expert Tips for a Fit and Healthy Summer

A balanced diet with whole foods, hydration, and protein intake is crucial for muscle growth and energy. Staying active through daily movement and functional training improves strength and endurance. Varied workouts, including flexibility and strength training, enhance results.

Hydration supports fitness performance, and quality sleep aids recovery and muscle repair. Experts emphasize consistency over intensity, making small, sustainable habits the key to achieving and maintaining a fit and healthy summer.

Why Some Struggle to Lose Weight

Ann-Maria Tom explains that weight loss struggles often stem from inconsistent eating habits. She highlights common mistakes like unbalanced meals and intense cravings, which disrupt progress. Her tips focus on smart swaps and balanced nutrition. She suggests high-protein, high-carb breakfasts, diverse protein sources like crab meat, and high-fullness index foods. By making sustainable dietary changes, people can improve satiety and achieve their weight loss goals.

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Women Health

How Weight Affects Menstrual Health

Body weight influences hormone levels, affecting menstrual regularity. Being underweight reduces oestrogen, potentially stopping periods, while excess fat can lead to hormonal imbalances and irregular cycles.

Conditions like PCOS or perimenopause may also cause weight-related cycle changes. While minor fluctuations are normal, persistent irregularities should be evaluated by a doctor to ensure reproductive health.

Weight Loss Drugs Impact Reproduction

Weight loss medications like Mounjaro and Wegovy are under scrutiny for potentially affecting contraception efficacy and reproductive health. These drugs can disrupt menstrual cycles, ovulation, and fertility by altering hormonal balance and energy metabolism. However, they may also improve insulin sensitivity, offering relief for conditions like PCOS and enhancing fertility. While these treatments can boost self-esteem and sexual health, they may temporarily impact libido. Consulting healthcare professionals is crucial to address concerns, tailor treatment, and ensure safe use, especially for those planning pregnancy or managing reproductive health issues.

Antibiotics Impact Breast Milk Immunity

A Milan study will assess if prenatal antibiotics weaken breast milk’s immune factors, affecting newborn gut health. Researchers will compare 41 mother-baby pairs with and without antibiotic exposure, analyzing IgA and gut microbiota using ELISAs and genomics.

The study examines whether antibiotics disrupt the entero-mammary pathway, lowering IgA and beneficial bacteria in breast milk. Results may guide clinical decisions on antibiotic use in pregnancy.

Can the Pill Affect Mood?

Some women fear the pill’s mental health impact, but studies show mixed results. It may affect brain chemistry and mood, though responses vary.

Despite concerns, it remains effective and helps conditions like endometriosis. Misinformation fuels contraceptive abandonment, highlighting the need for research and personalized care.

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Baia dos Tígres

Country: Angola

Men Health

Advancing BPH Treatment Strategies

The Society of Benign Prostatic Disease (SoBPD) held its 2025 annual meeting in Orlando, Florida, focusing on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treatments. Discussions highlighted transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), and minimally invasive therapies like UroLift and Rezum. Emerging technologies such as iTIND and Optilume were also explored, with long-term data on Optilume showing promise. Presentations covered Botox use during HoLEP, point-of-care ultrasound, and Aquablation for ejaculation preservation. Debates on larger gland treatments and guideline challenges, particularly prostate artery embolization, were key. The meeting emphasized personalized approaches for BPH and prostate cancer patients, reflecting the complexity of treatment strategies.

Addressing Men’s Health Disparities Effectively

Men’s life expectancy in the U.S. lags behind women’s, with American men living an average of 76 years compared to 81 for women. Derek Griffith, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, highlights the need for greater research into men’s health, particularly how economic and social factors impact their well-being. He stresses that men’s health struggles also affect their families, creating broader societal burdens.

Men’s health efforts include specialized centers like NYU Langone’s Tisch Center, prioritizing convenience and care. Dr. Steven Lamm stresses prevention, but societal and economic pressures remain barriers.

Age Impacts Male Fertility Challenges

Fertility is not just a women’s health issue; men also face challenges, especially with age. Dr. Kaberi Banerjee, an infertility expert, explains that male infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse. Aging affects sperm quality, leading to lower counts, reduced motility, and hormonal changes, all of which hinder conception.

Older men also risk passing genetic disorders or causing miscarriages due to DNA fragmentation. Conception often takes longer as sperm quality declines. Awareness of these factors is crucial for addressing male infertility and ensuring timely medical intervention.

BRCA1 Role in Prostate

Cancer

A study in *BMJ Oncology* suggests BRCA1 mutations may not drive prostate cancer initiation, challenging current PARP inhibitor use. Researchers analyzed 450 men, finding BRCA2 variants more prevalent (6% germline, 11% somatic) than BRCA1 (0.5% germline). ATM and CDK12 mutations also played significant roles, with CDK12 co-occurring with BRCA2, hinting at dual therapy potential. The findings highlight the need to separate BRCA1 and BRCA2 in genetic testing and treatment. While further research is needed, the study paves the way for refined, personalized approaches to prostate cancer care.

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Gerontology & Life Extension

Longevity Gains Face Biological Limits

Recent research shows global life expectancy has risen only 6.5 years since 1990, falling short of radical life extension predictions. While healthcare improvements enhance quality of life, biological constraints and lifestyle factors limit further gains. Regions like Hong Kong lead in longevity due to strong healthcare and healthy habits, but progress has slowed.

Aging is driven by genetic, environmental, and cellular factors, with no current intervention reversing the process. Researchers now prioritize improving quality of life over extending lifespan, focusing on healthier aging through lifestyle changes and disease prevention.

Exercise: Key to Healthy Aging

Regular exercise is vital for physical and mental health, especially as we age. It improves bone density, muscle strength, and balance while reducing risks of heart disease and cancer. Dr. Amy Eyler highlights the connection between physical activity and cognitive health, emphasizing the importance of setting achievable goals to build lasting habits.

Starting small, like walking 10 minutes daily, can lead to longterm benefits. Older adults like Kathryn Dettwiller,

Strength, Nutrition, Habits for Longevity

Strength sports, including resistance training, are vital for health, preventing chronic diseases, and boosting metabolism. Nutrition is equally important, with a balanced diet of whole foods and limited processed items being key.

Healthy habits like adequate sleep, hydration, and consistent routines further enhance well-being. Combining exercise, nutrition, and lifestyle adjustments ensures long-term health and longevity.

Flavonoids Boost Healthy Aging Outcomes

A study in *The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition* found that flavonoid-rich foods like tea, apples, and blueberries may support healthy aging. Higher intake was linked to reduced risks of frailty, poor mental health, and physical impairment, particularly in women. Tea consumption showed consistent benefits across both genders.

Increasing flavonoid intake by three servings weekly could lower frailty and mental health risks by 6–15%. Maintaining or boosting flavonoid-rich food intake over time appears crucial for healthy aging, offering a practical dietary strategy to enhance longevity and well-being.

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Psychology

Screen Time Impacts Teen Mental Health

Global Collaboration Unlocks Brain Decisions

The International Brain Laboratory (IBL), a global collaboration of 80 neuroscientists, has created a groundbreaking dataset by recording whole-brain neural activity in mice during decision-making tasks. Using Neuropixels probes, the team mapped 279 brain areas, revealing that decision-making involves widespread brain activity, not isolated regions. This challenges traditional neuroscience views and opens new research avenues.

Optimism, Pessimism, and Pandemic Resilience

Researchers found that optimism during the COVID-19 pandemic was linked to lower stress and greater resilience, while lower pessimism encouraged safer health behaviors. Optimistic individuals exercised more and felt less lonely, but lower pessimism was key to avoiding risky activities like traveling.

The study, led by Jeewon Oh of Syracuse University, used data from the Health and Retirement Study. It highlighted that fostering optimism and reducing pessimism can help people cope with prolonged stressors and improve mental health. Adapting behaviors, such as exercising at home, also contributed to well-being.

Adolescents spending over three hours daily on sedentary activities, such as gaming or screen time, face higher psychological distress risks, per a study in the *Journal of Adolescent Health*. Moderate educational screen use (60–119 minutes daily) was protective.

The study, analyzing 3,675 adolescents, found excessive leisure screen time and even leisure reading linked to distress. Researchers recommend limiting recreational screen time, promoting educational activities, and encouraging social interactions to mitigate mental health risks. Context-specific interventions are crucial to address sedentary behavior’s complex effects.

Brain Adapts by Ignoring Distractions

In noisy environments, the brain adapts by suppressing past distractions rather than focusing harder. Researchers at Washington University developed a neural network model to study this, testing multiple simultaneous distractions to mimic real-world settings.

The study, published in *Nature Human Behaviour*, found that attention adjustment is influenced by past task difficulty. Participants learned to ignore previous distractors while staying open to new inputs. Future MRI studies will explore the neural mechanisms behind this adaptive control, with potential applications in cognitive training and ADHD treatment.

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DID YOU KNOW?

Phototherapy is a medical treatment that uses specific wavelengths of light to treat various conditions. It is commonly used in dermatology, neonatology, and mental health.

Voice to Braille

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February 22

Historical Events:

1819: Spain cedes Florida to the United States through the Adams-Onís Treaty, leading to extensive geological and ecological studies of the region. These studies contributed to our understanding of subtropical ecosystems and paleontology.

1879: The first five-and-dime store opens in Utica, New York, revolutionizing retail business and consumer economics. This innovation led to changes in product distribution, including scientific instruments and household technologies.

1978: The first-ever global weather satellite images are transmitted, significantly improving meteorological forecasting and climate science. These images enabled more accurate predictions of severe weather events and longterm climate monitoring.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1857: Birth of Heinrich Hertz, a German physicist who experimentally confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves, laying the groundwork for radio communication, radar, and modern wireless technology.

1900: Birth of Luis Buñuel, a surrealist filmmaker whose works were influenced by psychological and neurological theories, leading to discussions on perception and the human mind.

Scientific Discoveries:

2010: The creation of the first synthetic bacterial cell by Craig Venter’s team marks a major step in synthetic biology, demonstrating that life can be engineered at a fundamental level.

1935: The first practical radar tests are conducted, leading to advancements in aviation, military defense, and meteorology. Radar technology became crucial during World War II and continues to be essential in modern-day air traffic control and weather forecasting.

February 23

Historical Events:

1941: Glenn T. Seaborg and his team discover plutonium, an element that became crucial to nuclear energy and weapon research. This discovery played a pivotal role in both energy generation and atomic bomb development during World War II.

1954: The first mass inoculation of children against polio begins, using Jonas Salk’s vaccine. This event marked a turning point in public health, ultimately leading to the near-eradication of polio worldwide.

1987: Astronomers observe Supernova 1987A, the brightest supernova visible from Earth in centuries, providing critical insights into stellar evolution and neutron star formation.

February 24

Historical Events:

1607: The world’s first recorded performance of Claudio Monteverdi’s opera L’Orfeo takes place in Mantua, Italy. While primarily a musical achievement, this event influenced acoustics and the study of sound wave propagation, contributing to the foundations of modern audio engineering.

1821: Mexico gains independence from Spain, setting the stage for significant advancements in scientific exploration across Central America. This transition led to more extensive geological and archaeological surveys in the region, uncovering early Mesoamerican scientific achievements in astronomy and engineering.

1942: The “Battle of Los Angeles” incident occurs, where unidentified flying objects (later believed to be weather balloons or atmospheric disturbances) trigger an anti-aircraft response. This event later influenced UFO research and the development of radar detection techniques used during the Cold War.

1989: The U.S. successfully launches the Cosmic Background

Explorer (COBE) satellite, which provides definitive evidence of cosmic microwave background radiation, supporting the Big Bang Theory. The data gathered by COBE helps refine our understanding of the universe’s origin and large-scale structure.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1709: Birth of Jacques de Vaucanson, a French inventor and mechanical engineer who created some of the earliest automata, precursors to modern robotics and artificial intelligence. His mechanical duck and other inventions demonstrated the feasibility of automating complex movements, influencing later developments in industrial automation.

1914: Birth of Ralph Erskine, a British architect known for his climate-conscious building designs, incorporating principles of thermal insulation and passive solar heating decades before the sustainable architecture movement gained traction.

Scientific Discoveries:

2016: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) announces its first detection of gravitational waves, confirming a key prediction of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. This discovery opens a new era of astrophysics, allowing scientists to study cosmic events through gravitational waves rather than electromagnetic radiation.

1938: The first successful use of Teflon is recorded by Roy Plunkett, who accidentally discovers polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) while working on refrigerant research. Teflon’s non-stick and chemical-resistant properties revolutionize cookware, aerospace engineering, and medical devices.

February 25

Historical Events:

1570: Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England, leading to increased

tensions between Catholic and Protestant scientific institutions. This schism influenced early modern scientific developments, as Protestant regions began to establish their own universities and research traditions separate from the Catholic-dominated institutions of Southern Europe.

1928: The Federal Radio Commission (precursor to the FCC) is established in the United States, formalizing regulations on radio communications. This marks a critical step in the evolution of telecommunications, leading to breakthroughs in satellite communications, television broadcasting, and wireless internet technology.

1964: Cassius Clay (later Muhammad Ali) wins his first world heavyweight championship, bringing attention to the physiology of athletic performance. Studies on Ali’s unique boxing technique contribute to biomechanics research, influencing modern sports science and injury prevention strategies.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1841: Birth of Pierre-Auguste Renoir, a French Impressionist painter whose work contributed to studies of visual perception, color theory, and optical blending techniques, influencing both scientific and artistic communities.

1898: Birth of Enrico Caruso, an operatic tenor whose recordings provided valuable insight into early sound recording technologies and acoustic physics.

Scientific Discoveries:

1986: The Soviet Union launches the core module of the Mir space station, establishing one of the most significant platforms for long-term microgravity research. Experiments conducted on Mir provide critical data on human physiology in space, leading to improved countermeasures for astronaut health on extended missions.

1956: The first successful use of magnetic tape for data storage is demonstrated, revolutionizing the fields of computer science, data

preservation, and digital recording. This breakthrough eventually leads to modern hard drives and cloud computing storage systems.

February 26

Historical Events:

1616: The Roman Catholic Church places Nicolaus Copernicus’ De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

(On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres) on its list of banned books, delaying the acceptance of heliocentrism. Despite this, Copernican theory continued to influence scientific thought, eventually forming the foundation for modern astronomy.

1935: Radar technology is officially demonstrated by British physicist Robert Watson-Watt, paving the way for widespread use in aviation, meteorology, and military defense. The development of radar plays a crucial role in World War II and later applications in air traffic control and weather forecasting.

1993: The first World Trade Center bombing occurs, leading to advancements in forensic science, bomb detection, and anti-terrorism research. The event prompts increased funding for security technology, including chemical and radiological detection systems.

Scientist Anniversaries:

1846: Birth of Buffalo Bill Cody, a showman and entrepreneur whose Wild West exhibitions included early displays of marksmanship and ballistics research, contributing to the study of projectile physics.

1903: Birth of Giulio Natta, an Italian chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on polymerization, leading to the creation of modern plastics, including polypropylene.

Scientific Discoveries:

2013: The discovery of the largest known virus, Pandoravirus, is announced. With a genome significantly larger than any previously known virus, Pandoravirus challenges traditional definitions of

viral complexity and sheds light on the evolutionary history of viruses.

1971: The first direct observations of a black hole candidate, Cygnus X-1, are published. These findings provide the first compelling evidence for the existence of black holes and lead to the modern understanding of these enigmatic cosmic objects.

1935: Wallace Carothers, a chemist at DuPont, synthesizes nylon, a revolutionary synthetic polymer that transforms industries ranging from textiles to engineering materials. Nylon’s durability and versatility lead to widespread applications in consumer products and military equipment.

Archeology

Viking Age Health Challenges Revealed

A University of Gothenburg study reveals Sweden’s Viking Age population suffered from severe oral and maxillofacial diseases, sinus infections, osteoarthritis, and more. Using CT scans, researchers examined 15 skulls, uncovering pathological bone growths and signs of infections.

Ancient Travois: Early Human Ingenuity

A study reveals ancient humans used 22,000-year-old travois— pole-drawn devices—to transport resources, predating wheeled vehicles. Fossil drag-marks and footprints at White Sands, New Mexico, suggest adults pulled travois while children followed, possibly moving meat or firewood.

Ancient Pharaoh’s Tomb Unearthed Near Luxor

Archaeologists in Egypt have discovered the tomb of Pharaoh Thutmose II near Luxor, the first royal burial site found since Tutankhamun’s tomb in 1922. Thutmose II, who ruled nearly 3,500 years ago, was part of Egypt’s 18th dynasty and the husband of Queen Hatshepsut.

A British-Egyptian team identified the tomb in 2022, confirming it through decorations and artifacts. Although empty, evidence suggests its contents were relocated due to ancient flooding. The discovery sheds light on the burial practices of early 18th dynasty kings and highlights Egypt’s rich historical heritage, which continues to drive tourism growth.

Led by Carolina Bertilsson, the study highlights the lack of medical care during the Viking Age, where infections persisted without antibiotics. The non-invasive CT method preserves remains while providing detailed insights, paving the way for future archaeological research.

Experiments confirmed these marks, showcasing early human ingenuity. Travois, early wheelless handcarts, reflect prehistoric resourcefulness.

Image Credits: Quaternary Science Advances

Rare Second Temple Coin Found in Ancient Shiloh

A rare Second Temple period coin, linked to Hasmonean king Alexander Jannaeus, was found by a tourist in Ancient Shiloh. The artifact is undergoing analysis by the Israel Antiquities Authority.

The discovery reinforces Shiloh’s historical importance and deep Jewish heritage. The site continues to reveal valuable artifacts, supporting efforts to preserve and expand its accessibility for visitors from Israel and beyond.

Image Credits: COGAT via The Jerusalem Post

Images Credits: Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities via en.inform.kz

Image Credits: Carolina Bertilsson

Space Exploration & Cosmology

Life Evolved with Earth’s Changes

The “great filter” concept, suggesting life is rare due to improbable evolutionary steps, may be flawed. A new model argues life evolved in sync with Earth’s changing conditions, not through luck. Researchers highlight five key evolutionary milestones, like atmospheric oxygenation, delayed until Earth’s environment allowed them.

This challenges the idea of “hard steps” and emphasizes life-planet co-evolution. While Earth’s path remains unique until extraterrestrial life is found, the study shifts focus to planetary conditions shaping evolution, offering new insights into life’s origins and rarity in the universe.

Sun’s Radio Waves Discovered

On Feb. 27, 1942, British physicist James Stanley Hey discovered that the sun emits radio waves. While investigating radar interference during World War II, Hey traced the signals to an active sunspot, not German jamming as initially suspected.

This groundbreaking revelation advanced solar physics, showing the sun’s ability to emit radio waves and impact Earth’s technology. Hey’s work highlighted the sun’s influence on radar systems and radio communications during wartime.

Asteroid Impact Risk

Astronomers have updated the impact probability of asteroid 2024 YR4 to 1.5%. Discovered in December 2023, it measures 40–90 meters and passes near Earth every four years. Zhao Haibin of the Purple Mountain Observatory assured the public that ongoing observations will refine its orbit calculations.

Experts note that while intercepting asteroids is difficult, their trajectories can be altered slightly. The International Asteroid Warning Network and Space Mission Planning Advisory Group monitor threats and coordinate responses, including orbit deflection missions for high-risk asteroids. China has also made significant progress in asteroid detection and monitoring.

Gateway to

Lunar Exploration Advancements

The HALO module, nearing completion in Italy, advances lunar exploration. Launching by 2027, it integrates global technology for Artemis missions and future Mars travel.

Gateway symbolizes global collaboration, uniting nations and private companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin. It advances deep-space habitation, scientific research, and sustainable practices, paving the way for a permanent lunar presence and beyond. Stay updated through NASA and ESA resources to engage with this transformative mission.

Image Credits: Robert Karkowski from

Pixabay

Image Credits: NASA via space.com

Image Credits: WikiImages from Pixabay

Image Credits: Pixabay

Engineering, Robotics & IT

Biohybrid Robots: Merging Life, Tech

Nicole Xu, an engineer, developed a biohybrid robot by inserting a device into a jellyfish, boosting its speed for ocean exploration. Similarly, researchers like Amir Ayali use locust antennae to create odor-detecting robots, while others experiment with pill bugs and mollusks for delicate gripping tasks.

Biohybrid robotics combines living systems with electronics, enabling innovations like humancell-based swimmers and robots with living skin. These advancements raise ethical questions but hold promise for healthcare, disaster recovery, and environmental monitoring, provided sustainability and animal welfare are prioritized.

Lifelike Robot Sparks Online Discomfort

Image Credits: Clone Robotics_X

Polish startup Clone Robotics has unveiled the “Protoclone,” a lifelike humanoid robot with an anatomically accurate skeleton and musculature. The faceless android, capable of walking and performing chores, features 200 degrees of freedom, 1,000 Myofibers, and 500 sensors.

A viral video of the Protoclone’s jerky movements sparked mixed reactions, with users calling it a “sleep paralysis demon” and referencing WestWorld. Its eerie look overshadowed its technical feats.

Robots

Image Credits: NASA_s Kennedy Space Center

NASA’s CADRE rovers and IPEx excavator are key to establishing a sustained human presence on the moon. The solar-powered CADRE rovers will map the lunar surface and analyze regolith, while IPEx will extract resources like oxygen and water from the moon’s soil.

These autonomous systems, set to launch soon, aim to support long-term lunar habitation and future deep-space missions. By leveraging lunar resources, NASA envisions the moon as a stepping stone for exploring beyond Earth.

Origami-Inspired Robotic Arm Innovation

Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) are designing an origami-inspired robotic arm to help wheelchair users grasp out-of-reach objects. The lightweight, flexible arm uses soft continuum robotics, funded by a $1.3 million National Science Foundation grant. The team, led by Cagdas Onal, Berk Calli, and Loris Fichera, is developing novel fabrication methods and control algorithms to address the limitations of traditional soft robotics.

Image Credits: Angela Fan

Image Credits: WPI

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The habitable region around a star where conditions allow liquid water to exist. It is crucial for the potential development of life. “

Goldilocks Zone:

Solar Flares and Space Weather

When the Sun Gets Angry: The Wild World of Solar Flares and Space Weather

The Sun might look like a big, friendly ball of light, but don’t be fooled—this star has a fiery temper. Every so often, it unleashes colossal bursts of energy in the form of solar flares, sending charged particles hurtling through space at mind-boggling speeds. These solar tantrums shape what scientists call “space weather,” a chaotic dance of electromagnetic storms that can wreak havoc on our technology, satellites, and even power grids here on Earth. Buckle up, because we’re diving into the fiery depths of solar activity to uncover the most intriguing and surprising aspects of solar flares and space weather.

What Exactly Are Solar Flares?

Solar flares are explosive bursts of radiation caused by the sudden release of magnetic energy stored in the Sun’s atmosphere. Picture a rubber band stretched to its limit—when it finally snaps, the energy is released all at once. That’s essentially what happens on the Sun, except the “rubber bands” are powerful magnetic field lines that get twisted and tangled until they finally break. These flares emit elec-

tromagnetic radiation across the entire spectrum, from radio waves to X-rays and even gamma rays. The biggest flares, classified as X-class, can be powerful enough to cause radio blackouts on Earth and even disrupt GPS signals. So if your navigation app ever leads you into a lake instead of your destination, you might just have the Sun to blame.

Coronal Mass Ejections:

The Sun’s Version of a Fireball

If solar flares are like fireworks, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are full-blown explosions. CMEs occur when massive amounts of solar plasma—superheated charged particles—are ejected from the Sun’s corona, the outermost layer of its atmosphere. These plasma blobs travel through space at speeds up to several million miles per hour, often following solar flares.

When a CME collides with Earth’s magnetic field, it can trigger geomagnetic storms. The most famous of these was the 1859 Carrington Event, which caused telegraph systems to spark and catch fire while lighting up the night sky with auroras visible as far south as the Caribbean. If a storm of that magnitude were to hit today, it could fry satellites, knock out power grids, and send us scrambling to remember how to use paper maps.

Space Weather: More

Than Just Cosmic Rain

Space weather refers to the effects of solar activity on Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere. It’s a field of study that has become increasingly important as we rely more on technology vulnerable to solar disruptions. GPS, radio communications, and even airline flights over the poles can be affected by space weather events.

But space weather isn’t all bad—it’s also responsible for one of nature’s most breathtaking spectacles: the auroras. When charged particles from the Sun interact with Earth’s magnetic field, they excite atmospheric gases, creating dazzling displays of light known as the Northern and Southern Lights. It’s the closest thing we have

to a cosmic light show, and it’s all thanks to our turbulent star.

Can We Predict Solar Flares?

Scientists at space agencies like NASA and NOAA monitor the Sun closely, using spacecraft such as the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Parker Solar Probe. While we’ve gotten better at detecting the warning signs of solar activity, predicting exactly when and where a solar flare will erupt remains one of the great challenges of astrophysics.

However, recent advances in artificial intelligence are improving our forecasting capabilities. AI-driven models analyze patterns in solar magnetic fields, offering early warnings of potentially

dangerous flares. While we may never be able to stop the Sun from throwing these cosmic tantrums, better predictions can help us prepare and protect our technology.

The Role of Solar Cycles

The Sun isn’t just randomly chaotic—it follows an 11-year cycle of activity. During the peak of this cycle, known as solar maximum, sunspots and solar flares become more frequent. Conversely, during solar minimum, activity slows down significantly. Understanding these cycles helps scientists anticipate periods of intense solar storms and prepare for potential disruptions.

Solar cycles also affect Earth’s climate in subtle ways. While the Sun doesn’t directly control global warming, varia-

tions in solar output can influence atmospheric patterns, space weather events, and even the formation of clouds.

Studying these cycles helps us better grasp the long-term effects of solar activity on Earth’s systems.

How Space Weather Affects Astronauts

Astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) face a unique challenge when it comes to space weather. Unlike Earth, the ISS lacks the thick protective atmosphere that shields us from solar radiation. A strong solar storm can expose astronauts to dangerous levels of radiation, increasing their risk of cancer and other health issues.

NASA and other space

agencies carefully monitor solar activity and adjust mission schedules when necessary. In the event of a major solar storm, astronauts have designated shelter areas within the ISS to minimize radiation exposure.

Future missions to the Moon and Mars will need even more advanced shielding technology to protect crews from the Sun’s unpredictable outbursts.

The Future of Space Weather Research

As we push further into space exploration, understanding space weather is becoming more critical than ever. Future Mars missions will need to account for solar storms, which can pose serious radiation hazards to astronauts. Meanwhile, here on Earth, governments and space agencies are investing in “space weather preparedness” to safeguard infrastructure against extreme solar events.

One of the most exciting frontiers in space weather research is the effort to develop shielding technologies for astronauts and spacecraft. Scientists are also studying ways to strengthen power grids and improve satellite resilience against solar radiation. The more we learn about the Sun’s mood swings, the better we can protect ourselves from its cosmic fury.

Technological Shields: Protecting Earth from Solar Storms

Given the growing dependence on satellites for communication, navigation, and weather forecasting, scientists are actively working on developing technological shields against the Sun’s outbursts. Some proposed solutions include space-based warning systems that can detect incoming CMEs earlier, allowing power grids to take protective measures before a storm hits.

Another avenue of research involves hardening electronics against electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) caused by solar storms. Some experts are also exploring the feasibility of magnetic shields that could deflect charged particles before they reach Earth’s critical systems.

Final Thoughts: The Sun Never Ceases to Amaze

The Sun is a fascinating, unpredictable, and sometimes downright destructive force. While solar flares and CMEs might pose challenges, they also remind us just how dynamic our universe is. Whether we’re marveling at auroras or bracing for geomagnetic storms, one thing is certain—the Sun keeps life interesting.

Parenting & Relationship

Nvidia: AI Growth Powerhouse

Nvidia (NVDA) remains a top longterm investment due to its pivotal role in AI infrastructure, dominant GPU market share, and attractive valuation. The company benefits from surging AI spending, with major tech firms like Meta and xAI exponentially increasing GPU usage for AI training. Nvidia’s CUDA software platform solidifies its 90% market dominance, while its accelerated development cycle ensures continued innovation.

Trading at a forward P/E of 25 and a PEG of 0.5, Nvidia’s stock is undervalued despite strong growth projections. With revenue expected to double in fiscal 2025, Nvidia is well-positioned to capitalize on the expanding AI market, making it a compelling buy for long-term investors.

Why People Cheat: Hidden Reasons

Infidelity in happy relationships often stems from complex psychological factors, not just dissatisfaction. Some cheat to chase novelty, fearing vulnerability, reclaim lost identity, or unconsciously sabotage happiness due to past trauma.

Understanding these motivations can guide healing. By addressing underlying fears, fostering trust, and nurturing personal growth within the relationship, couples can rebuild and strengthen their bond after betrayal.

The Dangers of OverParenting

Dr. Daniel Amen warns that over-parenting weakens children’s resilience, leaving them emotionally fragile and dependent. Constantly solving their problems denies them crucial life skills, making them less confident and capable.Instead, parents should encourage accountability and problem-solving. By allowing kids to experience natural consequences and make decisions, they develop mental toughness. A balanced approach—firm but kind—builds independence, ensuring children grow into strong, self-sufficient adults.

Building Strong Workplace Relationships

Strong workplace relationships are vital for career success, improving productivity, job satisfaction, and teamwork. Key elements include trust, open communication, and mutual respect. Building these connections involves understanding your emotional intelligence, scheduling time to interact, and actively listening to coworkers.

Offering assistance, appreciating colleagues’ roles, and keeping commitments foster trust and collaboration.

Image Credits: bporbs from Pixabay

Image Credits: u_grnpgbsbxn from Pixabay

Image Credits: Nikolett Afra from Pixabay

Image Credits: Tiny Tribes from Pixabay

Investiments & Finanace

Investing in Art: Key Takeaways

Investing in art requires knowledge, patience, and a discerning eye. Unlike collectibles, valuable art is unique, often rare, and emotionally compelling. Education through galleries and books helps investors identify quality works, while expert guidance reduces risks. Emerging artists and original prints provide affordable entry points, but forgeries and liquidity challenges remain concerns.

Nvidia’s Long-Term Investment Potential

Nvidia benefits from rising AI infrastructure spending, with its GPUs critical to AI model training. Companies like Meta, Amazon, and Microsoft are increasing their AI investments, strengthening Nvidia’s growth prospects.

Holding a 90% market share, Nvidia’s CUDA platform sets it apart from competitors. Its forward P/E of 25 and a PEG of 0.5 indicate an attractive valuation, while strong revenue growth solidifies its position as a long-term investment opportunity.

Authenticity and provenance are critical to ensuring an artwork’s value. While hidden gems exist, most successful collectors buy art they genuinely love. In the long run, passion-driven investments tend to be the most rewarding, both personally and financially.

Investing in Uncertainty: Strategies for Success

Investors can manage market uncertainty by diversifying their portfolios, focusing on defensive stocks, and maintaining liquidity. Alternative assets like REITs and commodities provide additional stability.

Make the Most of Your Finances in 2025

Taking control of your finances in 2025 can reduce stress and help you reach key goals like debt reduction, saving for major purchases, and retirement planning. Reviewing income, expenses, and long-term objectives can set a strong foundation. Using budgeting tools and strategies like the 5030-20 rule helps manage spending effectively.

Employer benefits, emergency savings, and financial wellness programs can further enhance financial security. Many workplaces offer 401(k) matching, insurance options, and financial education. Building an emergency fund and leveraging available resources can ensure long-term financial success.

Images Credits: NVIDIA

Image Credits: Ryan McGuire from Pixabay

Image Credits: Pexels from Pixabay

Images Credits: Steve Buissinne from Pixabay

Retirement

Taking Charge of Health in Retirement

Belinda Lee embraced Healthier SG to regain control of her health in retirement. Through the HealthHub app, she easily accessed screenings, consultations, and chronic care support, making wellness a priority.

With healthier habits, structured medical guidance, and early detection efforts, she now feels more confident about aging well. Her advice to others: start early, stay proactive, and enjoy life without health worries.

Will Your Retirement Savings Be Enough?

Retired households spend about $5,000 monthly, yet the median 401(k) balance of $210,724 provides just $702 per month under the 4% rule, leaving many short. Social Security benefits help, but retirees often need additional income.

To bridge the gap, retirees can maximize 401(k) and IRA contributions, delay Social Security to increase benefits, and cut discretionary costs. Exploring part-time work or rental income can also help sustain financial security throughout retirement.

Smart Retirement Strategies

Planning ahead ensures financial security and a fulfilling retirement. Estimating expenses, investing in annuities and FDs, and leveraging SCSS can provide stable income and peace of mind.

Staying active is just as important. Exercise, hobbies, and social activities promote mental well-being, making retirement both enjoyable and rewarding.

Rethinking Retirement: Terry’s Story

Terry L. planned to retire in 2025 but is reconsidering due to job satisfaction, Social Security uncertainty, inflation, and economic instability. While she has savings, she worries about rising costs and potential benefit reductions. Rather than risk financial insecurity, she’s considering working longer in a less demanding role. This would allow her to maintain stability, delay withdrawals, and adjust to economic conditions.

Image Credits: Steve Buissinne from Pixabay

Image Credits: Mediacorp Studio 3 via channelnewsasia.com

Image Credits: Freepik

Image Credits: Steve Buissinne from Pixabay

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As a war between humankind and monstrous sea creatures wages on, a former pilot and a trainee are paired up to drive a seemingly obsolete special weapon in a desperate effort to save the world from the apocalypse.

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Striving to explore the subject in as simple a manner as possible, this book helps readers understand the elusive concept of entropy. Innovative aspects of the book include the construction of statistical entropy, the derivation of the entropy of classical systems from purely classical assumptions, and a statistical thermodynamics approach to the ideal Fermi and ideal Bose gases. Derivations are worked through step-by-step and important applications are highlighted in over 20 worked examples. Nearly 50 end-of-chapter exercises test readers’ understanding. The book also features a glossary giving definitions for all essential terms, a time line showing important developments, and list of books for further study. It is an ideal supplement to undergraduate courses in physics, engineering, chemistry and mathematics.

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